Question: How soap works on removing bad stuff from your skin, and why water can't do it on it's own?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How soap works on removing bad stuff from your skin, and why water can't do it on it's own?

Water is a great solvent and can clean a lot of stuff, but there are somethings that just don't like water. We call those kinds of chemicals hydrophobic - they won't dissolve in water no matter how hard you try (like oil). Soap is a very special kind of molecule, in that one end likes to dissolve in water very much (called hydrophilic) while the other end is very hydrophobic and can attach itself to all of those other hydrophobic things. This means that when you wash with soap and water, the water will dissolve all the hydrophilic dirt, the soap will attach to the hydrophobic dirt with one end, and dissolve into the water with the other (hydrophilic) end.


Question: Why some liquids like liquid soap slippery but water isn't?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why some liquids like liquid soap slippery but water isn't?

It is. Have you ever tried to open a bottle with a smooth cap with wet hands?


Question: After all these technological advancements, why is cancer still incurable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 After all these technological advancements, why is cancer still incurable?

Because cancer is a whole group of different disorders. It's a bit like asking why car crashes are still a thing; there are so many possible reasons for cars to crash that it's pretty much never going to be solved. The only common factor in all cancers is the effect; cells in your body multiplying out of control and not stopping when told to do so by your body. Likewise, the only common factor in all car crashes is that your car has hit something. Cancers can be caused by anything that can cause damage to cells, like ionizing radiation, genetic factors, poisons/toxins, etc. Likewise, car crashes can be caused by anything that affects control of a car, like weather, car condition/function, driver skill/alertness, etc.


Question: "the chance of an average golfer making a hole in one at approximately 12,500 to 1" - How is it possible to determine this when so many factors are at play?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 "the chance of an average golfer making a hole in one at approximately 12,500 to 1" - How is it possible to determine this when so many factors are at play?

Well there's a reason they say "Average golfer" and "Approximately". The 12,500:1 odds were given by the Hole-in-One association through 30 years of data collection of their hole-in-one insurance plans. URL_0


Question: Why do some fabrics become more comfortable the more they are washed (such as bedsheets) and some fabrics get less comfortable (such as fleece)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some fabrics become more comfortable the more they are washed (such as bedsheets) and some fabrics get less comfortable (such as fleece)?

I don't know about the more comfortable part, but I know why fleece gets scratchy and uncomfortable the more it's washed. It's because you're not washing it properly. Fleece should be washed inside out if possible, on cold, and never ever dried on a high heat. The problem is that the fibers in fleece fuse together and melt when it's not washed/dried properly. That's what makes it feel like that. If it's washed properly it can stay nice and soft for a long time. It took me until I was in my mid 20s to learn this because my mother never taught me to was clothes properly. Always read the washing instructions on the labels too. I hope someone else has a better answer for you.


Question: What's a real-life application of n to the zeroth power?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's a real-life application of n to the zeroth power?

Let's say you're a game developer, and you wanted to give out codes for people to get into the beta of your game. You decide to do this by giving access to one person to start, and then every Friday everyone in the program can invite 4 friends. So on the initial day, you only have 1 person playing. But after the 1st friday, 4 people get invites, and you have 5 people in the program. Then the 2nd Friday these 5 each invite 4 more, bringing 20 new and 5 old, or 25 people. Then the 3rd Friday each of the 25 invites 4 more! 100 new people, for 125 people total. The number of people playing is 5^n, where n is the number of Fridays have passed. 0 Fridays = 5^0 = just the 1 person 1 Friday = 5^1 = 5 people 2 Fridays = 5^2 = 25 people Etc


Question: What makes our handwriting so unique, seeing as a lot of us learn to write using the same techniques?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes our handwriting so unique, seeing as a lot of us learn to write using the same techniques?

The biggest factor is habit. I've recently decided to try and improve my handwriting, and breaking bad habits that have become ingrained over years and years is by far the hardest part of it. You can break handwriting down into pen grip, angle and where the movement originates. You can hold a pen between the thumb and index finger, resting on the middle finger. This is the *traditional* pen grip and for good reason, but a lot of people don't actually hold pens like this. Another common grip is holding between the thumb and middle finger, resting on the ring finger. Check out the way that Taylor Swift holds pens to sign things to see a more outlandish one. Angle is self explanatory. Where the movement originates is a BIG factor in how handwriting looks. Lots of younger people today (say, born after ~ 1990) write from the wrist and fingers, because we simply never needed to write long sentences for extended periods of time. For making short notes, numbers, signatures etc it works perfectly fine so there's no need to change it. Over longer stretches, it leads to inconsistencies and makes your hand cramp. Writing from the shoulder is typically smoother, and more comfortable, but takes more effort to learn. But yeah. Habits. As you stop focussing on the writing itself and more on the content, you start taking shortcuts, or slightly changing the shape of a letter because it's easier given how you hold a pen. Over time those small changes get exaggerated, which leads to your handwriting as opposed to the uniformity seen when small children are learning how to shape their letters.


Question: how do countries owe money and who do they owe it to?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do countries owe money and who do they owe it to?

They issue bonds and owe the bond holders. Bond holders can be you and me or a financial institution or another country. The terms of that bond are set by the country and can be repacked, resold by any of the bond holders by whatever terms they wish but the issuing country will only pay out on the original set of terms. The country issuing the bond determines the amount of risk someone is assuming.


Question: Why is there so many type of clouds, if they're made of the same thing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there so many type of clouds, if they're made of the same thing?

Just like there's: Icebergs Shaved Ice Ice Cubes Crushed Ice Ice dams in rivers Hail etc.... It's all just frozen water...


Question: why do some things fade when left out in the sun but others do not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do some things fade when left out in the sun but others do not?

UV light causes certain dyes and materials to degrade. Certain plastics become brittle, paper and t-shirts fade, etc.


Question: ; Why things more funny when very tired?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 ; Why things more funny when very tired?

Good question! There are two major things involved, but the short answer is "your brain doesn't work as well when you're tired." First - humor is incredibly subjective, so it's hard to say what is or isn't funny. But a common thread in most things that are "funny" is that it is unexpected. Think - a joke isn't as funny if you can guess the punchline. Think - a joke isn't funny if you have to explain it. When you are very tired, you're not as good at predicting things. So everything is a little bit funnier, because it's less expected. Second - emotional regulation is one of the first things to go when you're tired. When you're very low on energy, your brain isn't as good at higher-level things. (Try doing complex math when you're very hungry, for example.) Emotional regulation is a higher-level brain function, and it takes a lot of energy. All of your emotions are a little more intense when you're tired, because your brain is "budgeting" your remaining energy elsewhere. (This is also why people tend to get grouchy when they're tired, or why kids throw tantrums when they're tired.) So you're not as good at going "Okay, that was funny and I had a good laugh over it, but that's enough." Those two things work together. Your brain isn't as good at predicting outcomes, so everything is funnier. And your brain isn't as good at regulating your emotions, so you get more intense responses to funny things. And that's why you get the giggles when you drop a spoon at 3AM.


Question: How do nuclear weapons work? How do chemicals or a weapon the size of a room destroy countries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do nuclear weapons work? How do chemicals or a weapon the size of a room destroy countries?

The actual nuclear warhead is a lot smaller than the size of a room (the whole rocket is not a weapon, just the explosive part at the end). Additionally, a *single* one is nowhere near powerful enough to "destroy a country", unless that country is like the Vatican City or something > _ > And it's physics. There's a ton of energy bottled up in these unstable elements like Uranium or Plutonium. They are excited and on edge ready to shed some of that energy in order to reach a stable state. When you hit them with neutrons that are moving at the right speed, it's like breaking the balls on the first strike with a cue ball in pool. Or hitting a group of pins in bowling. They break up into smaller atoms *and* shoot out other particles, including more neutrons. Those neutrons hit other Uranium or Plutonium atoms which do the same thing, and you wind up with a chain reaction that releases as much of that potential energy as possible.


Question: Why does it seem like every gas station has flats of water stacked up out front of the store? Is there a special reason for this?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it seem like every gas station has flats of water stacked up out front of the store? Is there a special reason for this?

Water is a big seller as we approach the hotter months of the year. Most gas stations don't have a lot of storage space (basically none). So for a very high volume product like bottled water they just stack it up.


Question: why do progressive lenses become more difficult to learn to wear as you become older?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do progressive lenses become more difficult to learn to wear as you become older?

Currently am wearing a progressive lens with +1.75 for near and 0.25 for far. Am 44y and yes it took me a couple of weeks to train my brain to the view of my eyes adjusting with. But now it's easy once I wear and can use for both without having blur viewing for far away objects. The only important thing I got to is the placing it on the nose so that you don't have to keep adjusting it for reading or viewing. Hope this helps.


Question: What is a polar vortex, and what is happening to it in 2021?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a polar vortex, and what is happening to it in 2021?

Imagine an arctic hurricane spinning in tight formation above the North pole, with super cold air. Now, it weakens and loosens up, and fragments spread further south with the super cold air, dipping down into populated areas and causing temperatures to drop dramatically.


Question: - Why is Drake's Passage in Antarctica so popular?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why is Drake's Passage in Antarctica so popular?

Because transporting goods over water is *way* cheaper than transporting them over land and Drake's passage is one of only 2 ways to get from China to Europe/Eastern United States without having to cross land or pay significant tolls for the use of a canal(Panama or Suez). Going around the southern tip of Africa is a shorter distance but also even more heavily traveled(because it's shorter)


Question: How does Air Conditioning work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Air Conditioning work?

A compressor takes electrical or mechanical power and uses that to compress a refrigerant gas. That gas is then released into a series of coils where it can expand in volume. That expansion causes the gas to become very cold, which makes the coils very cold. Air is blown over the cold coils, which cools the air. The cool air is then blown through ducts to cool the building/car/whatever.


Question: If Processed Meats like Salami and Ham are Class 1 Carcinogens, why do Italy and Spain have lower rates of Cancer than other countries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If Processed Meats like Salami and Ham are Class 1 Carcinogens, why do Italy and Spain have lower rates of Cancer than other countries?

Your problem seems to stem from misunderstanding what a group 1 carcinogen is. it has basically nothing to do with the risk of the carcinogen. Rather, a "group 1 carcinogen" is one that a consensus of a particular group of appointed members of a particular board considers proven as carcinogenic to humans. What is also fairly accepted, however, is that the excess mortality of processed meats is *very low*. It is not at all like smoking, for example. So tobacco smoke and processed meats may both be group 1 carcinogen, but that does not mean eating 10g of processed meat/day is going to increase your risk like 1 cigarette/day. A small variation in smoking rates, therefore, would likely have a much higher impact on cancer rates than even a large variation in processed meat consumption between two populations.


Question: How does google maps predict the effect traffic will have on my travel time so accurately?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does google maps predict the effect traffic will have on my travel time so accurately?

When the app is running in someone's device, it calculates how much time takes to move from a to b and if it's out of standards Google send an alert for bad traffic once enough report have been given


Question: How does radiation work? I’m confused.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does radiation work? I’m confused.

There are a few types of radiation. The first is thermal radiation. All objects over absolute zero emit radiation. The hotter something is, the more radiation it emits. Radiation travels in waves away from the object out in all directions in straight lines. Unlike sound or water waves, these waves don't have to travel through matter. They can travel through empty space. The frequency of the waves can range from radio waves at the very low end of the spectrum, to visible light in the middle, to gamma rays at very high frequencies. If something is emitting a lot of radiation, it will feel hotter to the touch the closer you are to it. Enough of this thermal radiation at any wavelength can burn you, but very high wavelength radiation such as X-rays and Gamma rays are especially dangerous because they can penetrate easily into your body and cause damage. Gamma rays can naturally form from a cold object, if it is made of certain atoms that are radioactive. Potassium, for example. Sometimes, a potassium atom will randomly convert an electron into a proton, releasing a large amount of Gamma radiation. This occurs naturally in Bananas, which are high in potassium, but not at levels high enough to be dangerous. The second kind of radiation is Alpha radiation. Very heavy atoms such as Uranium are unstable, so they shoot off a high energy chunks of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. This type of radiation can be easily shielded with something as thin as a sheet of paper, but you wouldn't want to touch it close to you, or swallow anything that is radioactive with alpha radiation, or it will seriously mess up your DNA and make you very sick. The next type is Beta radiation. Again, this happens with unstable atoms, but this time they're shooting off electrons. These electrons (or Beta particles) are smaller than alpha particles, so they can penetrate your skin, but can be stopped by a thin sheet of metal. A common example would be Carbon-14, which is a naturally occurring isotope that is present in very small amounts in the carbon within you and I.


Question: Why do people who cut soda or alcohol out of their diet lose a significant amount of weight, but people who don't drink either struggle to lose weight?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people who cut soda or alcohol out of their diet lose a significant amount of weight, but people who don't drink either struggle to lose weight?

soda and alcohol contain a ton of calories relative to what your actually getting in terms of content so much so that people often don't realize. For many people just by cutting those drinks out they are creating a huge hole in their calorie intake and thus lose weight without really noticing because you can easily drink water among other things that contain little to no calories that will quench your thirst while still eating the same amounts of food. If you never drunk either before though and you still managed to gain wait then you're just plain over eating on the food side of things.


Question: What determines whether a gene is dominant or recessive?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What determines whether a gene is dominant or recessive?

"Genes" are not dominant or recessive. One version (variant, allele, mutant) of the same gene, can be dominant or recessive over another version of the same gene. I will assume this is what you wanted to ask. This question usually arises because we have 2 copies of each gene, one on each copy of the chromosome. So we ask, which copy is "dominant". In general, if a version of the gene introduces a new feature or property - technically called "gain-of-function variant", it is dominant. Imagine, there is a gene that makes things colored. Now there is a version of the gene that makes things colored, but it also, on top of it, makes them glow. In this case, the glowing is a new "gain of function". So both versions of the gene do what they do - they make things colored, but the new gain of function variant also makes the things glow. So what you see is that as long as you have even one copy of this new variant, glowing things appear - it's dominant over the other normal (can only color) version. Now imagine another variant of the gene, that cannot do anything. It just leaves things colorless and transparent. It's a "loss-of-function" variant - the function here being to color stuff. If one of your copies is this variant, it's going to leave things colorless. But the other normal copy of the gene will still add color to things. So things are going to appear coloured anyway. The only way that things will appear colorless to you is if BOTH the copies of the gene are this "loss-of-function" variant. So we say that this variant is "recessive" . That's the gist of why versions of genes may be recessive or dominant, but explained in a simplified manner. In reality, genes have very complex intertwined functions in cells, and it can be very difficult to see how a particular version of the gene will actually affect the millions of things happening in an organism and whether it will end up as a dominant or recessive type. This really only works well for very large and very obvious changes that we can observe and not for the details, and that too, typically in the few cases when a single gene is linked to an easily observable feature of the organism. This is NOT the case for most genes. The only reason we study these aspects is because historically , single genes and their variants causing large obvious changes were the easiest to discover. But in the era of molecular biology, one rarely talks of gene variants as being dominant or recessive. It's a bit of an outdated view, that is useful in some cases as a simple concept, but one that quickly falls apart as a general principle.


Question: why are tablets so difficult to swallow without water? It seems to me that we swallow things larger than them all the time, yet there seems to something stopping us when it comes to tablets.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are tablets so difficult to swallow without water? It seems to me that we swallow things larger than them all the time, yet there seems to something stopping us when it comes to tablets.

Sure there are bigger things we swallow, but they're wet and lubricated, completely deformable (due to chewing) and don't have a psychological component to them (they don't stick and cause ulcers, they're not bitter, we're not told to avoid chewing them, etc.).


Question: How does a government shut down the internet for an entire country? What are the steps involved in shutting down the connection?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a government shut down the internet for an entire country? What are the steps involved in shutting down the connection?

Every country has only a relative handful of places where they connect their network to the rest of the world (forming the internet). For most countries, these connection points are along the coast, where fiberoptic cables (armored glass tubes) come together in large facilities for distribution throughout the country. Other countries that are landlocked have similar facilities, though I'm not sure whether they're located on the border or elsewhere. In either case, to block outside information they simply stop those signals at those facilities and prevent them from moving throughout the country (this is like what Russia is trying to do). If they want to shut down the internet within the country (such as Iran), so that people can't even communicate domestically, they turn off the internal facilities as well. What you term "the internet" is just information being sent through a bunch of hubs. Because it's so expensive to build, those hubs are relatively few and far between. You shut down the hubs, and nobody can send information. It's not all that different than asking "how do you shut down the power for an entire country." Only there are fewer facilities providing internet than there are power stations. Edit: This is a map of the underwater fiberoptic cables mentioned in the first two sentences. URL_0


Question: Why does the wind coming into the open window a moving car feel cooler than the outside air?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the wind coming into the open window a moving car feel cooler than the outside air?

Air is pretty rubbish at moving heat. What happens in still air is your body heats the air all around you. The air will slowly move that heat away from you, into the surrounding air, but it can't do it quickly. The result is you gain a little skin-tight bubble of warm air around you, air that's heated up to your body temperature, but hasn't had chance to move that heat away. If the air is moving, then this little heat bubble can't form. New air is constantly being provided for your body to happily pump heat into, and the result is you feel colder, because the heat can leave your body faster. This is exactly the principle that fans use. Yes it's the same temperature air, but it's moving and being constantly replaced, so it feels a lot cooler.


Question: Do my feet "wear in" the shoes, or do the shoes "wear in" my feet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do my feet "wear in" the shoes, or do the shoes "wear in" my feet?

A little of both. Your body naturally generates callouses and blusters to protect itself from repeated wear. At the same time, your shoes cannot heal or regenerate, so over time they wear and break down in ways that conform to your particular anatomy.


Question: The thermometer was invented in 1714. How do scientists estimate global temperature data prior to that point?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 The thermometer was invented in 1714. How do scientists estimate global temperature data prior to that point?

There are various methodologies. One such technique is to go to the artic and drill down to get a nice long tube of ice, by examining the density of sections of the ice, along with the amount of dissolved gasses (such as CO2) they can estimate an average temperature and atmospheric make up of previous millennia.


Question: - Why do we use "baby talk" when we speak to animals and other things that we perceive as "cute"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why do we use "baby talk" when we speak to animals and other things that we perceive as "cute"?

Some researchers believe that “baby talk” actually is good way to talk to real babies - the higher pitch, simplified language, and exaggerated tones and facial expressions make it easier for them to pay attention and learn. As far as why we also use this when talking to animals, it’s probably because cute animals remind us of babies (due to things like comparatively large head for body size, large eyes for head size, etc.), so we unconsciously revert to baby talk when talking to them. P.S. I don’t know about everyone, but with my cats I only use baby talk sometimes. Most of the time I just speak to them normally. They ignore me either way.


Question: Why are american politicians running for presidency allowed to take money from big company or lobbyists ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are american politicians running for presidency allowed to take money from big company or lobbyists ?

Thanks to the idea that corporations are legally "people," the courts have upheld the notion that political contributions are an exercise of "free speech" by these *people*, and the *Citizens United v. FEC* ruling by SCOTUS removes the caps on these donations and allows the donors to remain anonymous, thereby creating the perfect storm for the sort of campaign contribution abuse to which you allude. And, yes, it has created an environment in which our elected representatives are beholden more to their benefactors, the ones who enable them to be elected and to keep their jobs, than they are to "we the people." **Edit:** To clarify, *Citizens United* does not permit massive corporate contributions directly to the coffers of individual politicians or political parties, by establishing procedural and policy hoops they have to leap through. However, there is never any question where the money is coming from or for whom or what it is intended, so the net result is still the same.


Question: How does one prove that data (such as text Messages) recovered forensically is actually the data it is purported to be?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does one prove that data (such as text Messages) recovered forensically is actually the data it is purported to be?

Like all evidence, any recovered electronics would follow a chain of custody - a legal document which records the sequence of custody of the piece of evidence. So long as the chain of custody is intact and the people on the chain are trustworthy, the evidence should be considered secure.


Question: In zero gravity, how is CO2 from exhalation dispersed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In zero gravity, how is CO2 from exhalation dispersed?

It spreads through diffusion, where the molecules randomly bounce around and slowly disperse. However spacecraft have ventilation that moves air in order to filter it, scrub the CO2, and ensure that it never piles up.


Question: How exactly do things like Google home and Alexa work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly do things like Google home and Alexa work?

The machine constantly listens for the trigger word. Once it hears that, it records the next few seconds of sound and sends them over the Internet to a server, for analysis and response.


Question: What is the theoretical smallest physical size that a memory card (let's say 1 gigabyte) can be?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the theoretical smallest physical size that a memory card (let's say 1 gigabyte) can be?

Depends on how much sci fi you want in your physics, but information can be stored as any type of data including rocks, molecule chains, punch cards, and on off data blocks. So theoretically a physical card has to be physical which means it has to exists and be touchable which removes heat energy and light as they bounce or are absorbed by the skin. So you’re looking at atoms and if you can theoretically program and atom then a physical media could be as small as one atom. Just don’t lose it down the back of the couch.


Question: Why does shaving (correctly) not result in cutting skin and bleeding?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does shaving (correctly) not result in cutting skin and bleeding?

Angles my friend. Try taking a knife and sliding it across a piece of fruit like a razor, then try the same thing smashing it perpendicular. One won't do a damn thing, the other slices the fruit wide open.


Question: How do we know obesity is genetic and runs in the family? Is there something written in the DNA?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know obesity is genetic and runs in the family? Is there something written in the DNA?

It's not in our DNA as in, we have one gene that causes obesity (actually, there is one, but that's a different story). But people can have differences in their metabolism (as in how many calories you burn while resting) and presumably also in how strongly they react to hunger or to food cues (commercials, smells etc). Those differences are caused by an extremely complicated crosstalk between genetics, life style and even what your mother ate during pregnancy. So there truly is a genetic component, which means some people will just have a much harder time to remain at a healthy weight just because of how their body is 'designed', but it hardly ever is only this.


Question: why do babies puke a lot?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do babies puke a lot?

The valve at the top of their stomachs is immature and isn't good at keeping everything down


Question: using soap too many times a day is bad for our skin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 using soap too many times a day is bad for our skin?

Yes, it is. Soap is effective for removing dirt and excess oil, but that oil is also important for keeping your skin moist and hydrated, *plus* it's a protective barrier from bacteria. We use soap so we're not dirty, smelly, and greasy, but your skin still needs some oil to function properly. Most noticeably you're gonna see your skin getting red/dry/flaky with excess soap usage, but it'll also start to exacerbate acne if it's something you already deal with.


Question: When a processor says it can perform 1 million operations per second, where is it getting so many instructions from and how is it able to handle them so quick?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a processor says it can perform 1 million operations per second, where is it getting so many instructions from and how is it able to handle them so quick?

"Instructions" at the processor level, are basic operations on basic bits of data stored in memory. The most basic would be literally something like `Take the number stored $HERE and add $X to it.` $HERE represents an address in memory, and $X is maybe something the user typed. At the end of the day, computers just move numbers around, or compare them and make decisions. Nearly every complex thing your computer does comes down to a LOT of very, very simple instructions that basically look like `If $X is less than $Y then set $Z to "true"` (and on many CPUs, even that "instruction" would be broken up into lots of even simpler instructions.) It takes literally millions of these VERY basic instructions to do even the most simple (from a human perspective) stuff. Clicking a button on a website has millions and millions of instructions just to create the image of the button your screen, and millions more to animate the push of that button. It seems impossible at times, but when broken down to the absolute basics, everything a computer does could be done using nothing but LOTS (millions) of the simplest calculators... and a lot of scratch paper (that would be the RAM or memory) as well as other paper for long term storage (hard drives.) As for how it does them so fast, there ARE literally millions of "calculators" on a CPU, just shrunk down really, really, really small. Many of these literally do the job only of feeding instructions to the others. And when every one of these calculators operates (executes one instruction) at the "clock speed" of the CPU... Well, when you hear about a "3ghz CPU" that means 3 BILLION times per second every calculator on the chip could (potentially) being doing something. In reality, it usually takes a few clock cycles to execute most instructions, but it adds up quickly anyway.


Question: How are beavers benificial for ecological systems?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are beavers benificial for ecological systems?

They store water above sea level. Among other things, this makes them one of the most valuable creatures nature has ever created. They are classified as a keystone species like salmon. This means without them, other parts of the ecosystem will collapse. You could rid all the humans off the planet and leave the beavers. In a century they can reforest what we deforested in Canada, which is a lot. They can turn deserts into rainforests if you give them enough time.


Question: Why does a lever work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a lever work?

You're definitely on the right track. If the effort side of a lever is longer, then you are actually moving the load a shorter distance! So you are accomplishing less work. This means it takes less force. Or seen the other way, you are moving the lever farther, so you are doing more work even if each bit of work takes less force.


Question: Why is it faster to manually restart (shut down a computer and turn it back on) than restart using the power options on a computer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it faster to manually restart (shut down a computer and turn it back on) than restart using the power options on a computer?

When you simply hold the power button down it the same as holding a pillow over someone's face until they stop breathing. Very quick. If you decide to slowly restart it by using the menu options it, stops all the task running on the machines and this can take a while of some programs are mid process. This can be compared to slowly poisoning your spouse over the course of a month with let's say mmmm anti-freeze. Did this help?


Question: How does online banking ultimately affect the economy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does online banking ultimately affect the economy?

"The US has gold to back the bill..." Lol, wut? A quick search shows that Nixon took us off the Gold Standard in 1971.


Question: What is ICE and why are protesting them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is ICE and why are protesting them?

ICE is immigration enforcement in the USA. They are enforcing laws which some people find questionable. People also find their methods questionable. This is the simplest explanation I can offer you,I am sure others will chime in with more details.


Question: How did taxes work back in medieval times??

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did taxes work back in medieval times??

No, usually taxes were collecting by the feudal lords and their officials and then transefered to the monarch. Which allowed for massive corruption of course. Also very few people were of course being paid for their work as they are today, so the taxes were collected differently than its today.


Question: Why do so many people have a hard time swallowing pills, but not food?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do so many people have a hard time swallowing pills, but not food?

Most of the time it's mind over matter, but it can also be because if the pill is light enough it can float on the water and when you swallow the water goes down but the pill stays.


Question: Why do two siblings of the same sex, not look exactly the same, even though they have the same parents?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do two siblings of the same sex, not look exactly the same, even though they have the same parents?

Every sperm and egg has only a single set of chromosomes from the original chromosome pair. Which chromosome each has is basically random, thus making each sperm and egg unique from the others. The chance of two sperm and two eggs having the exact same set of chromosomes and thus making identical siblings is incredibly small. For the actual numbers, humans have 23 chromosomes. Since each of those is randomly taken from your mom's side or your dad's side, there are 2^23 possible sets for each sperm or egg. So just the chance that taking two of those at random and having them match is almost never. Having this happen with both parents would be bordering on statistically impossible. Then add in the fact that overlaps and mutations occur, and it gets even closer to impossible. Edit: Since men actually make billions of sperm, there's a good chance that some will match. But taking two specific sperm and having them match is extremely improbable.


Question: What's the difference between voluntary manslaughter and murder?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between voluntary manslaughter and murder?

It depends on local statutes actually and can differ from place to place. Usually though manslaughter is considered accidental, it is you killed someone without malice or forethought, so not planned. While murder is done with definite intent. The line between them can blur though from place to place.


Question: Why are guns with long barrels like rifles more accurate at long range than handguns?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are guns with long barrels like rifles more accurate at long range than handguns?

Three main reasons: 1. Sight radius: A longer distance between the front and rear sights allows for more precise aim. 2. Stabilization: Most modern firearms stabilize bullets by spinning them with grooves carved into the barrel (rifling). There is a certain minimum distance of rifling required to stabilize a bullet, and it is dependent on a lot of different factors. 3. Velocity: A longer barrel allows more time for the powder charge to fully burn, which means more push for the bullet. Faster bullets have less opportunity to drift off target before they hit.


Question: Why does moon have watermelon type spots ( Many lines originating from single points)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does moon have watermelon type spots ( Many lines originating from single points)?

The moons "spots" are actually craters created by the impact of objects smashing into the moon. The impacts throws everything outward from the center, creating the look you are talking about.


Question: What's the difference between a contract and a license?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between a contract and a license?

one has nothing to do with the other. A contract is an agreement between two parties usually for goods or services. A license is usually something that a governing body issues allowing a party to engage in a particular activity maybe there are different definitions than these that would cause a confusion between the two terms?


Question: Why do you become "tired" when you're bored?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you become "tired" when you're bored?

Your body has needs. You have to breathe, drink, eat, sleep, go to the bathroom. Your body must do this before a certain amount of time elapses. It really does not want to wait until the last minute in case it cannot do it then. So your body tries to figure out when is a good time to do those things, then it triggers you to do them. Your body determines importance based on emotions (this applies to memories and almost everything else as well). So when you are bored, your body determines that nothing important is going on. That makes it a good time to take care of routine things. So when you are bored your body triggers you to eat and sleep. Meaning you become hungry and tired. It is not that you need to eat or sleep just then, it just seems like a convenient opportunity. If something happens and you become excited or scared, the feelings of hunger and tiredness go away.


Question: Why do climate scientists predict a change of just 1.5 or 2° Celsius means disaster for the world? How can such a small temperature shift make such a big impact?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do climate scientists predict a change of just 1.5 or 2° Celsius means disaster for the world? How can such a small temperature shift make such a big impact?

It's not just about the temperature getting a few degrees warmer. An effect of rising CO2 levels is that the global average temperature will get a few degrees warmer. That average temperature increase is a benchmark only, not the problem in and of itself. It's the other effects of the same root cause of increasing CO2 levels that are a problem. The earth is a giant thermodynamic engine that takes in energy in higher amounts near the equator where solar gain is greater than heat radiated back into space, and funnels it to the poles, where solar gain is less than heat radiated to space. CO2 acts like a blanket over the system, keeping more heat in, but the equatorial zones don't heat much, they just shuttle that extra heat to the poles through ocean and wind currents. The same air currents also shuttle CO2 up to the poles, as can be seen in [this NASA model]( URL_0 ), which further reduces heat radiated back into space at the poles. This means that the poles are heating up a lot more than 2 degrees C. More like 10. The bulk of earth's frozen water is at the poles, so this rise of several degrees Celsius in the polar regions will melt a significant amount of land based ice, raising sea levels. This is going to cost trillions of dollars to either preemptively try to deal with or as flood damage. In addition, CO2 in the atmosphere is also absorbed into the oceans. As the CO2 levels in the ocean rise, the oceans acidify, due to the creation of carbonic acid, the same acid in your carbonated soda. You may have seen of heard of people dissolving baby teeth in a can of coke, and the same thing happens to carbonaceous minerals in acidified ocean water. So organisms with calcium carbonate shells like shellfish and coral grow slower and will likely soon reach the point where their structures are dissolving faster than they grow. This kicks the legs out of the base of the ocean's food web, and will largely collapse ocean life in near shore areas with the exception of algae and jellyfish. Finally, since the earth is currently being shifted out of equilibrium, the weather patterns are behaving like a top that is starting to topple, with extreme systems swinging across the globe. We are getting high pressure systems that park themselves over an area for weeks at a time, blasting the area with heat. In the ocean, this can kill corals, and much of the earth's coral reefs are already dying off as a result of these extended heat waves. Over land they reduce crop yields and can kill people. We have a circumpolar band of wind called the polar vortex that will start to meander, bringing snow to Florida and dropping temperatures across the Eastern US by 10-15 degrees C below normal in the middle of winter for weeks at a time, killing native plants and animals that aren't adapted to being able to survive that kind of cold for that long. These shifting weather patterns also change climate in areas, such that some areas will see extended drought such that there will no longer be enough water for the people that currently live there. In other areas, heavier rainfall increase flooding and landslide events, which cause millions to billions of dollars of damage to communities and kill people. Any time the world goes through a climactic shift, it becomes less habitable to the species that were adapted to the old patterns. Because of the interconnectedness of ecosystems, these effects ripple in a positive feedback loop that drives up extinction rates in a runaway process that can radically alter the biome. This is not good for humans in the short run or the long run.


Question: Why do phone games uses multiple in-game currencies? Sometimes a more valuable currency is used to encourage you to spend real money but are there other reasons?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do phone games uses multiple in-game currencies? Sometimes a more valuable currency is used to encourage you to spend real money but are there other reasons?

"Sometimes a more valuable currency is used to encourage you to spend real money but are there other reasons?" Nope, you got it right there.


Question: What's the difference between body dysmorphia and body dysphoria?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between body dysmorphia and body dysphoria?

Body dysmorphia is the inaccurate perception of one's body. That is, you see your body and you see an imagined or distorted perspective of your body that doesn't match what you think it looks like Body dysphoria is the accurate but negative perception of one's body. That is, you see your body 'correctly' but you're distressed with it.


Question: Why does oil not evaporate like water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does oil not evaporate like water?

Oil has a much higher boiling point. That basically means it's molecules need a lot more energy before they can convert to a gas. Water boils at 100C. Oil, depending on the type & purity, is more like 200-300C. As a result, at the same temperature, a lot more water molecules will be going fast enough to escape than oil molecules. This means the water evaporates \*much\* faster. The oil still is evaporating, it's just so slow at room temperature that you don't notice it much.


Question: how is a cut to a wrist or thigh artery can cause death in minutes, but having a whole arm or leg chopped off isn’t certain death?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how is a cut to a wrist or thigh artery can cause death in minutes, but having a whole arm or leg chopped off isn’t certain death?

People who get dismembered far from help usually do die. However, most dismemberments these days are either intentional (as in amputations in controlled surgical settings) or the result of industrial accidents with lots of people around to call for help.


Question: How do companies finance the purchasing of other companies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do companies finance the purchasing of other companies?

Generally they buy them in in a combination of stock and cash. That means the owners of the company getting bought get some cold hard cash, plus some shares of the new company. In your example, Disney bought Lucas films for about $4B. It was about half in Disney stock and half cash. The mixture of stock and cash can vary heavily in a purchase. Sometimes its a full cash purchase, sometimes its a full stock purchase, other times, as in the example above, its a combination. In another cool Disney example, when Disney bought Pixar, it was all stock. Disney bought Pixar for about $7B in stock. The largest shareholder of Pixar, Steve Jobs (yes that Steve Jobs), since there was so much stock being exchanged, immediately became one of the largest private shareholders of Disney, owning close to 10% of the company (actually I believe he was the largest shareholder, and stayed that way until after his passing, his wife lowered their stake below 5%)


Question: Why is it that our world map seems to be so inaccurate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that our world map seems to be so inaccurate?

The world is round. You can't create a flat map from a round surface and have it be 100% accurate. There are numerous ways to create maps of the globe and they all have one defect or another. These map projections are all compromises. You can pick which projection you want based on what matters the most. Some maps are based on the idea that directions are important and that straight lines on earth should make straight lines on the map. Others care for distance being correct or a long list of other things. Some of the more commonly used projections end up distorting the size of areas. Greenland looks gigantic on them and Africa much smaller by comparison. There are projections that try to make the size of an equally big area the same no matter where on the globe it is, but with the downside that at higher latitudes the shape gets extremely distorted with place seemingly being much longer east to west than they really are. Mostly it is a matter of using the right tool for the right job. Hammers make bad screwdrivers and screwdrivers are awkward to use when nailing things down. No tool is better than any other tool it just depends on what you are trying to do. The problem is that maps used for navigation are rather common and they can have the problem of distorting the size of areas. People who don't actually use a map as anything more than decoration and as political tool get angry that some areas are depicted as smaller than others on maps that were never meant to depict areas equally. Since the distortion is based on latitude there have even been accusations of racism mixed into the discussion. The attempt to replace commonly used maps with ones that retain the size of areas but are useless for many practical purposes have been met with some resistance by people who also don't actually use maps much, but like things to stay the way they are used to. Thus what should be a matter of personal preference and which tool fits best for which task has become a political hot topic, which people arguing religiously about which map is more correct. The truth is no map is 100% correct. If you want accuracy buy a globe not a map. People politicizing the debate and claiming there is a correct way to draw a map are almost as bad as flat earthers in their misunderstanding of the true nature of geography.


Question: If febreze eliminates odors but sells scented versions, wouldn't the added scent be eliminated or simply decrease the effectiveness of the product?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If febreze eliminates odors but sells scented versions, wouldn't the added scent be eliminated or simply decrease the effectiveness of the product?

If I'm remembering correctly, Febreze didn't actually have a scent in the beginning. They had to add it as a placebo because people associate certain scents with cleanliness. Kind of like how the minty flavor of toothpaste doesn't actually clean your teeth, but the mintness makes us think of clean teeth.