Question: Why on computers if you highlight text and then push caps lock it doesn't turn the highlighted text into uppercase, but if you highlight something and click delete, it deletes it??

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why on computers if you highlight text and then push caps lock it doesn't turn the highlighted text into uppercase, but if you highlight something and click delete, it deletes it??

Caps lock works on the next value you put in, delete on the previous. Protip: shift + F3 does do what you want. Convert lowercase to uppercase.


Question: Why does near darkness seem to have a faint blue tint to it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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 Why does near darkness seem to have a faint blue tint to it?

So this can go a few ways, so the biological standpoint... Your eyes have rods and cones. Cones are what you used in normal daylight, and rods, which are far more numerous, are for low light. You then have 3 types, red, blue, and green. As they are hit, they show only those colors, much like a computer monitor, and your brain then compiles it and makes an image. Those types also show in a certain percentage. Blue is the most numerous, then green, then red are the rarer of the bunch in your eye. So in low light, or almost no light, your rods are what get the signals. Since there's very very little light, the chances of a particle of light hitting the red rod is very small, since there are far fewer of them in your eye. But the chance of it hitting a blue rod are fairly high, allowing them to activate. As well, cones work very quickly, but rods work slowly. This is also why it's not bad during the day, but if you are to go from a bright room to a dimlit room or vice versa, it takes a long time for your eyes to "adjust" to the light and you to be able to see. As a fun fact, because of this, raiders would wear blindfolds or patches over their eyes during the day time, to allow their eye to be on a constant "night" mode since they did their raids at night. This is where the idea of pirates having eye patches came from, as they would do this and wear the patch to be able to see better during night raids. And as far as the red bit, is why the military uses red flashlights, as they are harder to see (again, fewer red rods, so less a chance of them turning on) and thus while they allow the person there to see somewhat clearer, the chances of them being detected by someone else is much lower. Adversely, blue lights are used for distress as they are easily recognizable and easier to find. Hope that helps, and hope you got a TIL out of that all!


Question: Why is the Android/iOS version of an app updated so much more frequently than the desktop versions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
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 Why is the Android/iOS version of an app updated so much more frequently than the desktop versions?

Assuming you're talking about desktop programs, it's probably because it's easier to update through an app store than a standalone program. Google Chrome is an exception though, as it updates itself without any user intervention. The actual Windows OS itself does seem to update much more than Android and iOS though.


Question: Why do we cry? What is the connection of tears coming out of our eyes with sadness or even happiness.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do we cry? What is the connection of tears coming out of our eyes with sadness or even happiness.

Humans are very social animals (i.e. social interactions are crucial to our survival), so we have lots of traits that exist only to act as signals in communication. As far as I know, we cry for the same reason we smile or raise our eyebrows - to signal our emotions to others. I have also heard about there being pheromones in tears that can influence the behavior of other people exposed to them, but I don't know much about that.


Question: Why do our voices get higher when we talk to pets, children, etc?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do our voices get higher when we talk to pets, children, etc?

It's all to do with signalling that we are not threatening. When we are angry or feeling aggressive, our voices become raised in volume and lower in pitch. When we talk or meet children and cute furry animals, we want to signal to them that we are not aggressive or a threat. It's not just our voices that change, we give many different signals too. One of the most common ways we signal hello to each other is that we raise our eyebrows quickly. It's a completely subconscious movement that most people are both unaware that they do and also unaware that they automatically read it in other people. With children and animals, we exaggerate that by holding our eyebrows up whilst we are talking to them. You see it when people meet small children, their whole face changes, they usually smile, open their eyes wide, hold their eyebrows up and sometimes they crouch down. This is another signal that we are friendly, we get down so that we don't appear so big and threatening. Most of our communication is unspoken and automatic. All animals use body language and signals to communicate with each other.


Question: What is a lien on a property?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What is a lien on a property?

There are two different kinds of rights you can have: personal rights, and property rights. The vast, vast, vast, majority of rights we have are personal. "I owe YOU $2.00", or "YOU owe THE BANK $30,000.00". However one of the interesting characters of law that developed hundreds, and hundreds, of years ago, is that some rights are not just personal, they are attached to property. For example, if I have a mortgage on your house, it doesn't matter whether you go bankrupt, whether you die, whether you get divorced, whether you kill someone and go to jail. I still get paid my mortgage (subject to the hundred and one exceptions that exist to any six word legal summary). On the other hand, if the value of the house goes down, and suddenly it is only worth 100K, but I have a 200K mortgage... well I might be in trouble there. Now, today, most property rights also have a personal right component. In Canada if the house goes down to 100K, and I'm owed 200K, I sell the house, and then sue you for the unpaid balance. A lien is the property component of one of these dual rights. Yes if you pay a guy to pave your driveway "YOU owe HIM the contract amount." But at the same time if you don't pay he can generally get a lien on the property and then if it is going to be sold, or mortgaged, the buyer or lender will require the lien be paid out. *BTW OP, talk to a lawyer asap, you should know your rights and obligations from someone who can give you the details in your jurisdiction. Liens can expire for example.


Question: Why does vasoconstriction lead to better blood flow?

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<answer>
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 Why does vasoconstriction lead to better blood flow?

Vasoconstriction does not increase blood *flow*. It increases blood *pressure*. If all things were equal, that would normally increase blood flow. But as you note, making the blood vessels smaller increases the resistance to flow. If you grab a hose or piece of tubing with liquid flowing through it and squeeze, the upstream pressure rises due to the resistance you've added. But the rate of flow goes down.


Question: How does The Fibonacci retracement actually work. What exactly happens at levels are 23.6%, 38.2%, 61.8%, and 78.6% that makes the price go the other way?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 How does The Fibonacci retracement actually work. What exactly happens at levels are 23.6%, 38.2%, 61.8%, and 78.6% that makes the price go the other way?

It doesn’t. People who promote it cherry pick a handful of stocks from the thousands of stocks available to find a few volatile stocks and go though their history’s to find peaks and troughs that are close-ish to the ratio. Then they make books/YouTube videos about it to generate income.


Question: How do films/tv shows film get permission to film in hospitals?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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 How do films/tv shows film get permission to film in hospitals?

Most shows/movies use stages that are designed to look like a hospital. They are much easier to use and do not have all the hassles of trying to work around a real hospital. Examples: * Scrubs - filmed in a closed down hospital * General Hospital - filmed entirely in a Hollywood movie studio * Grey's Anatomy - filmed in a Seattle studio * The Dark Knight - those famous scenes were filmed in an abandoned candy factory I am not saying that no one films in a real hospital, but it is far far more common for TV shows or movies to use studios or other buildings and dress them up like a hospital.


Question: Can iron be a gas if it's very heated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can iron be a gas if it's very heated?

Technically speaking yes, at 2,862C it would start to boil, but it would be highly reactive and wouldn't be "just" iron anymore. I imagine boiling it in a vacuum would achieve Iron gas. Edit: 2,862C is about half the temperature of the surface of the Sun


Question: Why do people get hangovers?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do people get hangovers?

Apparently its surprisingly complex, there is a multitude of toxic substances and physiological substances involved, so for a complete answer youd probably need a whole bunch of scientists. But there are three things that explain the eating and drinking thing: 1. Dehydration: Your body needs to get rid of toxic stuff, and does so by pissing them out. This removes liquid and dissolved minerals ('electrolytes') from your body. Eating salty stuff and drinking allows you to refill on those liquids and minerals. 2. Low blood sugar. For some reason, hangovers are associated with low blood sugar, which makes you feel bad. Adding sugar helps. 3. Alcohol increases production of substances which increase acidity in your stomach. Adding stuff thats not acidic helps stabilizing the acid levels. (For that reason gastric protection drugs like pantoprazol work wonders). Source: Was medic in the armed forces in a country where the armed forces consist of conscripts that have nothing to do except drinking, so curing hangovers was like 50% of my job description and we made quite the science of it :D


Question: If i am trying to predict some outcome that has a 70% chance of being A and 30% chance of being B, will my predictions be more successful if I guess A 100% of the time, or A 70% of the time and B 30% of the time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If i am trying to predict some outcome that has a 70% chance of being A and 30% chance of being B, will my predictions be more successful if I guess A 100% of the time, or A 70% of the time and B 30% of the time?

Your first option will obviously score 70% success. The second option will be 49% successful for the As and 9% for the Bs, for a total of 58% success.


Question: When did it become common to set a broken bone instead of amputate the limb? What changed that made that possible?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When did it become common to set a broken bone instead of amputate the limb? What changed that made that possible?

> Even in the 19th century, it was more common to amputate than to set the broke bone. On what are you basing this statement? Generally, setting a broken bone is simpler and safer than amputation. This can change for very bad breaks, especially those associated with other injuries like being shot, but those types of injuries are less common.


Question: why tomato sauce stains Tupperware, but ketchup does not?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why tomato sauce stains Tupperware, but ketchup does not?

Tomato sauce has oil in it. Tupperware has an oleophilic chemical composition. Essentially, Tupperware bonds with oils on a chemical level. So when you store tomato sauce in a plastic container and it stains, it's essentially that your container is permanently coated with tomato sauce.


Question: Why do people sometimes get very giddy/laugh uncontrollably after nearly dying?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people sometimes get very giddy/laugh uncontrollably after nearly dying?

Full disclosure: Nearly just got killed by a semi that failed to notice a speed table while walking back from lunch break; it actually grazed me enough as it passed me by to sort of pirouette me around and into a mailbox. Semi just kept on going, a nearby homeless guy ran over and made sure I was alright, but I couldn't answer him -- I was just too busy laughing and giggling, and I don't know why. I've heard of other people reacting this way to nearly dying though, especially if it's sudden, so I assume there's something going on here.


Question: Why are airplanes equipped with lifevests instead of parachutes as we mostly fly over distances of land?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why are airplanes equipped with lifevests instead of parachutes as we mostly fly over distances of land?

Landings are relatively controlled. Everybody stays in the plane. The problem is when the plane starts sinking.


Question: How Does Caffeine Increase Running Performance?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How Does Caffeine Increase Running Performance?

Former Track and Field athlete here, I'm not fluent in biology and only studied it for one class in college, but I will try to do my best. The biggest thing to understand is that most studies talk about caffeine from coffee and only coffee. Caffeine does two very specific things to boost running performance. 1) It sends the fatty acids in your body through the metabolism cycle faster. This means the fat stores that hold onto energy that is burned during long distance workouts/competition get used at a faster rate. However, it is not beneficial unless you had the magic caffeine to body weight ratio correct based on how much you ingested. 2) Caffeine is a stimulant to your nervous system. Most of the time it means it's easier to dial into your mental focus. Used properly this helps you keep your breathing, mechanical form, and possibly mental state in check (there is a reason why long distance running is considered a "lonely" sport). All three of these things working in harmony helps you run "faster". Although most studies will tell you it's at a 1%-2% performance increase. Sorry I'm not the highest level expert, and some of this may be incorrect. But this is what I remember from competing in college.


Question: What is the significance that all galaxies complete one revolution every billion years? How does this help us better understand the mechanics of what makes them tick?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the significance that all galaxies complete one revolution every billion years? How does this help us better understand the mechanics of what makes them tick?

If this measurement of 1 billion years turns out to be true and is the same for all galaxies, then it is significant because if we know the speed of the rotation, then we can measure a lot of other things about the galaxies- their masses especially. The equations for how this works would be out of the ELI5 boards, but they are connected. Also- if one billion years -per-rotation is the speed, it leads us to more questions. !!And this is how science works- solving problems and finding new questions!! -Why is it 1B years? -Are they the same direction? -Are bigger galaxies necessarily older because of what this new data states? -Does this change when two disc galaxies merge? And does this shine any light on non- disc galaxies? -And the black holes at the centers of many galaxies spin- does this mean the spin gets faster, slower or doesn’t change when the stars are swallowed up into the black hole since the mass of the stars just become added to the mass of the black hole? Also by knowing the speed and mass we can begin to measure the amount of energy making the galaxy spin- which could lead to identifying more information about the black hole. And once know about the mass and energy we can study the effects of the galaxy on it’s neighboring galaxies or giant dust clouds. And so on. It’s science! And it’s always so exciting!


Question: When the lid gets put on a lit candle, what happens to the smoke?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When the lid gets put on a lit candle, what happens to the smoke?

gas expands to fill whatever space it’s in. when i do this, the particles stick to the walls of the glass container the candle is in. although it is hard to tell unless the glass is completely transparent and clean to begin with


Question: Why do some soap bubbles pop midair despite not touching anything?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some soap bubbles pop midair despite not touching anything?

Gravity. It's still liquid soap holding the bubble together, as it runs to the bottom of the bubble, it's thinner towards the top, which causes that weakness there and anything micro in the air can pop it


Question: can someone please explain mixed radix number systems and maybe give an example of counting in one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 can someone please explain mixed radix number systems and maybe give an example of counting in one?

Mixed radix number system is a system in which the "base" of each position in a quantity is different, hence mixed Simplest example is when we measure time. I.e. 1 year 2 months 3 weeks 4 days 5 hours and 6 minutes. The year has no base since it is the largest, month has base 12 (there is 12 months in a year), week has base 4 (there is 4 weeks in a month), days has base 7 (7 days in a week), hours base 24 (24 hours in a day) and minutes base 60 (60 minutes in a day)


Question: Why did paleontologists believe dinosaurs stood upright and dragged their tails?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did paleontologists believe dinosaurs stood upright and dragged their tails?

Because they looked at the fossils they were finding and classified them as reptiles. Then they looked at extant reptiles and built their models on how those move and behave. The first models did not have them upright, they were modeled as [large, lumbering, quadrupeds]( URL_1 ). It wasn't until a discovery of several intact iguanadon did they realize some were bipedal. When the bipedal models started being drawn, they again compared them to extant reptiles and extant reptiles drag their tails behind them. Edit: [Here]( URL_0 ) is a good explanation


Question: Why do your eyelids close when you angle your eyes down but open when you angle them up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do your eyelids close when you angle your eyes down but open when you angle them up?

Eyelids main purpose is to protect the eyes. Because of this, they typically rest at the upper edge of someone’s iris- leaving only as much of the eye uncovered as necessary.


Question: How do banks make money when they are paying me interest for the money I give to them for safe keeping?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do banks make money when they are paying me interest for the money I give to them for safe keeping?

You should check one of those mortgage calculator websites. Put in the cost of a house and the interest rate. See how much money is actually paid for a house when the loan is paid off. That is just the start. The money you have in the bank isn't in the bank. They take your money and invest it. I'm too lazy to look it up, but there's a minimum amount of cash that banks need to keep on hand. The rest can be invested. They make money on your money. I should have been a banker.


Question: What is Q Factor measuring?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Q Factor measuring?

When you have some kind of system that oscillates (e.g. a pendulum, mass on a spring, LRC electrical circuit), in an ideal world, the oscillations start and continue forever because there are no losses. But when you knock a pendulum irl, it starts swinging but the swings get smaller and smaller until they stop completely. This is called *damping* and is caused by energy losses in the system due to friction, electrical resistance, whatever and a system with damping is called a *damped system*. Q factor is a dimensionless quantity (just a number, no units like seconds or kg) that describes how *undamped* a system is. A pendulum with high *Q* will swing for a long time after being knocked, whereas a pendulum with small *Q* will stop much sooner. As a real-world example, a bell has a high Q-factor because it rings for a long time when you hit it (doooonnnnnnng!), but a frying pan has a low Q-factor because it barely rings at all (dong!)


Question: Why do we have different battery sizes if they all do the same thing in the same way?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we have different battery sizes if they all do the same thing in the same way?

To clarify, batteries have a fuel inside them that they convert to electricity (not by burning like gasoline, but through a chemical reaction). A battery that is flat is one that has run out of fuel. Just like a car with a small fuel tank doesn't have less power than one with the same engine but a bigger fuel tank, so two batteries with the same type of fuel produce the same amount of power, but the one with more of this fuel lasts longer. So, as someone else said, you always want as much fuel as you can, but obviously having too much fuel makes your device big and heavy. So batteries come in a range of sizes so that manufacturers of devices can decide the perfect amount of fuel to keep their device running a long time without being too bulky and cumbersome.


Question: Why do some companies have lower market cap than the value of real estate they own?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some companies have lower market cap than the value of real estate they own?

Any time you dismantle a company, there are massive costs involved. It's difficult to turn a profit after you figure in all the employee separation costs, and legal fees, and other intangibles like that.


Question: Is flying a plane hard? In terms of difficulty, is it comparable to driving a car?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is flying a plane hard? In terms of difficulty, is it comparable to driving a car?

Cruising, banking and so on are comparable in difficulty. Landing it is not. The elements of flying a plane in a list of least to most difficult are: *actually flying the thing around *taking off *not crashing in a fireball when you try to land


Question: Why do some ISPs limit data usage?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some ISPs limit data usage?

Regarding the "nobody owns" argument - you're not paying for internet content, you're paying for the infrastructure that enables you to access that content. Cabling, servers, cabinets, hosting centres, etc etc. Data usage is limited to restrict overall use, allowing ISPs to maintain their infrastructure at a given level without having to spend money to increase capacity. Some ISPs can deliver faster speeds than others because some ISPs have their own dedicated lines (Virgin Media in the UK uses their own FTTP lines, which they lay; BT and many other ISPs use FTTC).


Question: How does paying off a loan early save money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does paying off a loan early save money?

You have that completely wrong :) So this is going to go a little more indepth than you probably need, but its good to understand what is happening. When you take out a loan for lets say $1000, it is going to come with an interest rate and a term. Now when you go ahead and start paying this loan off they have set up an imaginary account for you that all of the money you pay goes towards. So say after the first month you pay $100 towards that loan. Now there is this $100 sitting in a bank account accruing interest on your behalf at the same rate as the loan is. The second that this bank account reaches an amount that is equal to or more than the $1000 + accrued interest, the debt will be settled and any amount that you may have gone over, returned. So if you go take out a loan for $1000 dollars and pay it off tomorrow you will only pay $1000 + a few cents (depending on interest rate). It is important to note that some loans do come with "early repayment penalties" whereby you will be charged a penalty if you pay off the loan early.


Question: Why is comedy less funny the more you watch it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is comedy less funny the more you watch it?

Comedy is probably best defined as the juxtaposition between the expected and the actual. For example, take the simple joke: Two men walk into a bar, but neither one ducked. You expected that "bar" meant "drinking establishment" but it actually meant "metal rod". The difference between what you expected and what was true is the humor. When you rewatch specials over and over, you are _expecting_ the punchline, so the expected = the actual and we no longer have the core element of humor.


Question: Is it possible to lay in the ground really still for a long time and start decomposing while still alive?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is it possible to lay in the ground really still for a long time and start decomposing while still alive?

Speaking from the biological definition of decomposition, in general, no. Decomposers including different species of fungi and bacteria break down dead tissue, and if an organism is still alive and healthy, the immune system will fight these microorganisms off. There's always exceptions in biology though. In cases of gangrene, for example, tissues within parts of the body can die and start to decay even though the organism stays alive.


Question: If the centre of the earth is so hot, why does it not melt through the earth? Why is it so hot and what is keeping it going?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the centre of the earth is so hot, why does it not melt through the earth? Why is it so hot and what is keeping it going?

Oh but it does. :) that’s why we have volcanoes and plate tectonics. Water cools off a lot of the free flowing magma in the oceans, and what comes up in volcanoes, well Im sure you know what happens there. It’s not that the process doesn’t happen, it’s that the earth has become so good at it that it’s almost unnoticeable


Question: Will running 21km in a single day equate to the same amount of calories burnt as running 3km a day for a week?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Will running 21km in a single day equate to the same amount of calories burnt as running 3km a day for a week?

Pretty much but if you include warm-up and cool down then you'll burn more with 7 workouts than one.


Question: What is recursion and why is it used instead of iterative loops in programming?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is recursion and why is it used instead of iterative loops in programming?

Recursion in programming is a function that calls itself to do some sort of task. The way recursion was first explained to me was trying to answer the question “Who are your ancestors?” The answer would be your parents, grandparents, great-grandparents, great-great-grandparents, great-great-great-grandparents, great-great-great-great-grandparents, great-great-great-great-great-grandparents and so on. Using recursion, your ancestors can instead be defined as your parents and your parents' *ancestors*. Who are your parents' ancestors? Their parents and their parents' *ancestors*. The definition of ancestors self-references ancestors as part of the definition, so you don't have to list every generation back to the dawn of humanity, just a child-parent relationship that can be repeated as many times as necessary.


Question: how is a wildfire's containment percentage determined?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how is a wildfire's containment percentage determined?

Let's say the circumference of a fire is 10,000 feet long. At 31% containment, that means they have secured line around 3,100 feet of that fire. Wildland fires are contained by denying fuel for the fire to grow. That means that they literally dig down to the soil, clearing the ground around a fire of anything that could possibly be burned. When the fire reaches that containment line, it has nothing to burn so it doesn't spread. So when a fire is X% contained, that means that X% of the perimeter has containment lines of a quality high enough to prevent the fire from growing in that direction.


Question: Why is a high surface to volume ratio important to cells?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is a high surface to volume ratio important to cells?

The cell must pull nutrients from the outside and push out waste. The rate that this happens is based on the amount of surface area of the cell. Maximizing the surface area is the best way of ensuring that the cell gets enough nutrients and can excrete waste.


Question: Howcome certain car models have so many of-brand replicas (eg. AC Cobra, Lotus 7, Porsche 356), when most classic, desirable cars have none?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Howcome certain car models have so many of-brand replicas (eg. AC Cobra, Lotus 7, Porsche 356), when most classic, desirable cars have none?

It's all about intellectual property. Companies like Ford, Lotus and Porsche have made deals with smaller companies to allow them to build replicas, based on the original designs. Ferrari would never allow someone else to dilute the brand image and exclusivity. Keep in mind more availability makes rare classics less rare, therefore less desirable for collectors. Ferrari loooooves collectors. Ford and GM actually allow a company called Dynacorn Classic Bodies to build replica body shells. Dynacorn bought the rights and built the tooling based on the original drawings and specifications to build those body shells. The shells are actually built to a better standard than the originals, because of advances in manufacturing and materials. So they make Camaros, Firebirds, Chevelles, Mustangs, Challengers and pickup cabs, all based on the original designs.


Question: why would office businesses want to send their employees back into the office when it would seemingly be more efficient to keep employees working at home?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why would office businesses want to send their employees back into the office when it would seemingly be more efficient to keep employees working at home?

You can't track what employees are doing every second of they are out of your full control and it's a better idea if you control information that is sensitive. Hacking a personal computer is a lot easier than hacking a corporation. Not to mention there are people that can't work from home because they can't concentrate or are easily distracted.


Question: How does a Sinkhole happen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a Sinkhole happen?

Sinkholes tend to form in carbonate rocks, that is rocks with 50% or more CaCO3 making them up, limestone being a characteristic rock. Carbonate rocks erode easily in the presence of acids, and natural rainwater has a pH of approximately 5.6 (about what a cucumber is) due to presence of carbonic acid in the rain. This by itself is enough to erode limestone, but often decaying vegetation on the ground will make he water even more acidic. Water flows in streams, finds a weak point in the rock structure, a place where tectonic activity has fractured the rock, for example, and the water percolates into the stone. At the water-table and above it there is a lot of erosion due to the natural acidity of the water and caves grow. Eventually one of those caves grows large enough that the roof can no-longer support itself and collapses, creating a sink hole. The landscapes where this is common are called *karst* landscapes and occur globally where there is both exposed carbonate rock and at least 1 meter of rain annually (need that water for the erosion). There are other forms of sinkholes, but they are not as common and those also form in a similar fashion.


Question: bomb defusal. How do they now which wires to cut and all of that?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 bomb defusal. How do they now which wires to cut and all of that?

They rarely actually go and defuse it. Though, when they do they don't rely on colors, they examine the actual mechanism and figure out what each wire etc would do. But most of the time they use other methods, like a water cannon. Use an X-ray or some other method to figure out where the detonator is then it blasts a slug of water through the electronics so fast they don't have a chance to detonate. Other times, depending on the mechanism, they just take it somewhere safe and blow it up.


Question: How can we "focus" on a specific sound (i.e voice) just by looking at the object (i.e person)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can we "focus" on a specific sound (i.e voice) just by looking at the object (i.e person)?

Good question. I'm a current university student and my professor that I am actually beginning research with is studying auditory neuroscience and this was one of his areas. This is called the cocktail party effect because even when we are surrounded by a lot of people talking and making noise, we are able to select the noise/speech that we want to listen to. You could focus on the person you are talking to or you could even focus on someone else talking nearby and not listen to the person you are talking to. The latter is more difficult however because watching someone's mouth move with their speech helps us further with understanding and processing that single stream of speech in a loud environment. When our brain processes the sound of speech, it goes through stages. It is not entirely known how this focusing works, but we have been able to see that at some stage, the brain processes what we are focusing our attention on and purposefully cuts out the rest to a significant degree. At first, though, all the sound is processed together until the parts you don't want are filtered out at a later stage of brain processing.


Question: Why can butter be left out at room temperature, but not heavy cream?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can butter be left out at room temperature, but not heavy cream?

Heavy Cream is what is known as an emulsion. Basically tiny droplets of liquid suspended in another liquid and the two don't mix together. In the case of heavy cream, it's little droplets of fat mixed in with mostly water. When you shake or churn heavy cream with enough force, you make these little drops of fat stick together and separate from the buttermilk. Once that's done you press the fat together to squeeze out the rest of the buttermilk and what's left is butter. Now, salted butter can be left out because it is dense, relatively dehydrated, and salty which is a poor environment for bacteria. Heavy cream on the other hand is unsalted, very wet, and full of little bite sized pieces of fat for bacteria to munch on. It's a very good environment for bacteria to grow in. Plus, put the right bacteria in and you can have yogurt.


Question: how are VPNs so widely accepted and not frowned upon considering the distribution limitations they so easily byass?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how are VPNs so widely accepted and not frowned upon considering the distribution limitations they so easily byass?

Trust me, corporations and government agencies *do* frown on them. A *lot.* (Along people who kiss the asses of said corporations and government agencies.) But they're utterly powerless to do anything about it. Doesn't stop them from trying, though. YouTube automatically deletes any comments from someone using a VPN. CAPTCHAs get a lot more touchy when they're in use. Streaming services try to block VPN users, though they aren't always successful. But the same things that scare these people are the very reasons why VPNs are so important.


Question: How do graphic card updates work? How do they increase effeciency?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do graphic card updates work? How do they increase effeciency?

Among other reasons, sometimes new games expose bugs or limitations in the existing drivers, which the GPU manufacturer more or less has to fix to get the job done right.


Question: What is that fizzing sound in the back of my neck when I'm super hungry?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is that fizzing sound in the back of my neck when I'm super hungry?

I have this happen, though randomly rather than related to hunger. After I did some searching, there appeared to be a few theories the majority are benign and the general consensus that there is no firm answer. Here is the most prominent explanation Cerebrospinal Fluid. [ URL_0 ]( URL_1 ) The CS Fluid cushions your brain and provides mechanical and immunological protection to the brain. It also circulates in the Central Canal at the top of your spine. This is where you can feel/hear the fluid circulating, which manifests as a fizzing/bubbling/crackling sound and sensation. & #x200B; ELI5: CS Fluid acts as a cushion for your brain. Like putting an egg in a balloon and filling it with some water, so that bumps to the balloon won't damage the egg. This fluid also exists in the top of your spine, where your back meets your skull. The sound of the fluid moving in this space around your spine is what you hear/feel.


Question: What does my bank gain by increasing my line of credit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does my bank gain by increasing my line of credit?

The more money you spend on a card, the more money they make from merchant fees. Making money from those who pay interest on cards is simply gravy.


Question: Why does meat cooked Sous Vide require substantially more salt/seasoning to taste the same as food cooked traditional ways?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does meat cooked Sous Vide require substantially more salt/seasoning to taste the same as food cooked traditional ways?

Without the Maillard reaction — the browning crust/sear that develops over high heat — you don’t develop a layer of flavor and need to find other methods of building flavor.


Question: Is there light in a closed box?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there light in a closed box?

The light would bounce around in on the walls in the box. Every time a bounce occurs, most of the light's energy is transferred to heat in the walls. And since the light moves at the speed of light, it will very quickly bounce many times, and all of its energy will be absorbed by the box in the form of heat. It will seem instantaneous to us. So there will be no light in the box.


Question: Why does one violin sound raspy but multiple violins sound soft?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does one violin sound raspy but multiple violins sound soft?

It has to do with the sound and the way it moves. If you get one, you hear all the imperfections. If you get a group, the sound molds together so all the little imperfections get drowned out and you just hear a single note as opposed to scratches everywhere


Question: How does the universe not have an edge? If the Big Bang was the start of all space, expanding from an infinitely small point, in what did that expansion take place? And what is the universe expanding in?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the universe not have an edge? If the Big Bang was the start of all space, expanding from an infinitely small point, in what did that expansion take place? And what is the universe expanding in?

It's infinite, so probably no edge. You could literally travel for all of time, and not reach the edge. Therefore, no edge. The reason you can't comprehend it isn't because it isn't true. It's because we are talking about seriously high up there shit, and you are a three dimensional creature. You can't even perceive Time as a whole. None of us can. The universe is infinite. But we're honestly getting to the point where physics is exploring the idea of a multiverse. Stephen Hawking's last designed experiment is meant to test to see if they can detect our universe rubbing up against another one. Now if you can rub on something you must have an edge right? Wrong. The universe is still infinite. We just can't reconcile those facts logically because to us that's like a 2D being trying to describe their piece of paper. To them, it wouldn't have an edge. They are walking along, hit the edge, then BAM. To us it looks like they teleport to the other edge. But to the 2D being, he just keeps on walking, never seeming to stop, just circling the paper endlessly. That's us. But a step up from 2D. The multiverse is NOT 3D. It's MUCH more. And this will make things far more difficult because we are literally dealing with things we are physicially incapable of truthfully understanding. TLDR: the Universe has no edge, but still might be rubbing up against other universes. This means while the universe is infinite, it likely does exist "inside" the multiverse.


Question: How is it possible to still hear things when you plug your ears?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it possible to still hear things when you plug your ears?

Your ear works by picking up on vibrations. It evolved to best pick up vibrations in the air which sound travels through very easily. However, these same vibrations can travel through many different media including liquids (blood) and solids (skin, muscle, and bone). Your ear picks these up too, just not as well. This is why when you plug your ears things sound muted and sometimes distorted. When you plug your ears and talk, you are hearing your voice as the vibrations travel through your body.


Question: What's the scientific reason people are sexually attracted to things like monsters?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the scientific reason people are sexually attracted to things like monsters?

The current scientific research on sexual attraction suggests that the same hormone that causes you to "fall in love" is just the general excitation hormone dopamine being interpreted as attraction and not fear or general excitement. However, when something "scares" you, and you get the same hormonal response as if you were falling in love, some people then interpret the hormonal signal as "attraction" and not "fear". From a purely physical perspective there is no difference between the two, but from a psychological perspective, how your conscious mind interprets your bodies response to stimulus is what emotion is and not the unconscious response that generally happens in the hippocampus.


Question: If someone is shot in the heart why do they die instantly rather then when all the blood it pumped runs out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If someone is shot in the heart why do they die instantly rather then when all the blood it pumped runs out?

They do not die instantly. But the brain needs a lot of energy - it needs a nearly constant flow of blood. Stop that for a few seconds and the brain stops working properly. If the blood flow stops for other reasons, it can be possible to survive if blood circulation is restarted quickly (e.g. via CPR). But without an intact heart, there is no way to restart the blood flow. The person dies.


Question: Why it's so common for autistic people to hit their heads with their hands or against a wall?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why it's so common for autistic people to hit their heads with their hands or against a wall?

It's a different self-harm than you find in non-autism Hitting head (stimming) is due to sensory overload. People without autism also sometimes experience it: if you stub your toe you will rub it for example (feeling of pain gets reduced because its covered by other sensation in same area). Or if you eat really hot food you may feel the urge to stand up and walk around so your bodily focus gets placed someplace else. That is sort of what happens with autism: too much sensory stuff going on, so by actively hurting themselves the focus gets reshifted to the pain (it sort of "drowns out" the rest a bit, not exactly, but sort of). Self-harm as a consequence of for example extreme depression or helplessness (like we find with borderline, common example for self-harm) is similar but also different. It is more characterized by severely high stress levels, and the self-harm (e.g. cutting) actually physiologically reduces these levels. So it is more emotion based and less sensory like in autism usually is. But then to get back to your question, why some of the engage in head-banging specifically; I don't really know. I can imagine because the sensory overload happens literally in the head (sounds, sights, smell) banging the head becomes the intuitive focus point. But that's speculation.


Question: Why doesn't the Maillard Reaction take place in microwaves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why doesn't the Maillard Reaction take place in microwaves?

Microwaves heat water, water boils at 100 degrees celsius. It will only reach over 100 degrees celsius if all the water has been evaporated from the food. So it could, but it would also absolutely ruin the food, and take forever.


Question: Why is there only a single common ancestor for life? if it happened once couldn't it happen again?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there only a single common ancestor for life? if it happened once couldn't it happen again?

Your question is pretty vague, but I am going to assume that you're asking if we have any proof that all current life branched off from a single starting organism, rather than multiple organisms over time. The most conclusive evidence of this is the existence of the [genetic code]( URL_0 ). In short, the genetic code is the rules for translating DNA codons into amino acids. A codon is a group of 3 DNA bases. For DNA to have an effect on the organisms it is within, molecules within the cell "read" the DNA, and create long chains of amino acids based on what they read. These amino acid chains go out into the cell and do "stuff". Back to your question, we believe that all currently living organisms branched off from a single starting point because all currently living organisms use the same genetic code. They all translate DNA codons to amino acids with the same rules. For example, the codon AUG will always be translated by the cell into Methionine, whether it's in a human, a penguin, an orange tree, or yeast. It has been found that some exotic species translate 1 or 2 codons into different amino acids (a result of mutations), but the others remain the same as all other life on earth.


Question: How does increasing the heat in the car help against fogged up windows?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does increasing the heat in the car help against fogged up windows?

When air gets hotter, it can contain more water droplets than colder air. Conversely, water droplets in cold air look for other placed to go than the air because the cold air can't hold that much water. If there is a window nearby, they will settle on the window rather than stay in cold air. By heating the air around a fogged window, you enable water that is currently fog on the window to 'jump back' to the air, since the air is now hot enough again to take up the excess water that was previously 'deposited' on the window. Hence you defog a window by putting the heater on. Edit: to your second question, water thus simply wants to go to the place that can hold the most water. Heating normally is sufficient to enable the air to contain more water, but it can also be a good idea to add some fresh air to the air currently in the room/car when this fresh air contains less water than that which is currently in the room. Or, to allow hot air which contains a relatively large amount of water to go out of the room, taking a relatively large amount of water with it. What you are doing then, again, is giving the air around the window 'more room' for water from the window to be taken up by the air.


Question: Why is a “cup” of coffee 6 oz, but every other liquid is 8 oz?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is a “cup” of coffee 6 oz, but every other liquid is 8 oz?

Probably has to do with serving sizes. A “cup” of coffee is 6 fl oz Bc that’s about the volume a person normally drinks as a “cup” of coffee. It’s not really a standard measurement. I also bet that coffee and hot cocoa brands put “6 fl oz” as their serving sizes because then they can make it look like it has less sugar/caffeine than it really does. If you’ve ever noticed why Oreo cookies come in like 6 packs sometimes but the servings are like 2 cookies even though nobody would only eat two Oreos out of that pack and then leave it for the next time, that’s the same reason why.


Question: Why the sound of a thunder can be heard for a couple of seconds, although the lightning strike itself takes much shorter time to happen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why the sound of a thunder can be heard for a couple of seconds, although the lightning strike itself takes much shorter time to happen?

Ever wondered why sometimes you hear a super loud crack that's quick? Other times a rolling boom that goes on for awhile? Some of it is echoing, but a large part is the orientation if the lightning itself. If the lightning bolt is entirely parallel to you , then once it strikes and generates the sound wave, the wave hits you all at once. Now imagine if the lightning bolt stretches from somewhere close to you to someplace far away. You get a sound wave that hits you from the bit of lightning closest to you and you continue hearing the wave as the rest of the sound comes. To clarify, if the bolt of lightning is oriented like a baseball bat on it's side, aka you can see the full length of it, you will porbably hear a louder crack as the entire wave hits you at once. If the baseball bat is on its end, where you can only see the tip of the bat and nothing else, then it's entire length produces a sound wave but each point of the bat is at different distances, so each sound wave hits you at different times creating the rolling thunder effect. This is stupidly simplistic, and lightning can fork and twist and turn into all kinds of shapes. It's intensity can be stronger or weaker, it can run parallel to the ground or perpendicular. All these factors, and many more, all shape the sound you hear. Another main factor is wind. It blows sound around quite well, especially since lightning is frequent during storms that create wind. Hope this helps :)