Question: What are those holographic stickers on stuff like books and boxes? How do they work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are those holographic stickers on stuff like books and boxes? How do they work?

They work because they have a pattern of very fine lines pressed into their rear surface. The lines are small and close enough that they interfere with the individual waves of light, cancelling and reinforcing different colours depending on the angle. They are used because they used to be expensive and special, now they are almost free to produce, but do look complex.


Question: Why are there so many craters on the moon but none on Earth? Do asteroids hit the moon constantly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there so many craters on the moon but none on Earth? Do asteroids hit the moon constantly?

This question has been asked before! I searched this subreddit for you, so [here's your answer!]( URL_0 )


Question: What happens when a homeless person dies? What does the state do in that situation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens when a homeless person dies? What does the state do in that situation?

When the body is found, the authorities try to identify it and see if any relatives want to have a funeral. Assuming it was not murder, if the body is not claimed it is buried in a pauper's grave as cheaply as possible.


Question: Why are there so many rectangles all around us?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there so many rectangles all around us?

Generally speaking they're easier to design, and, especially in buildings- they are much easier to construct for several reasons: the math is easier (you don't have to mess with pi); the measuring is easier; standard boards and construction materials themselves are usually straight and flat (making it harder to build curved things with them); rectangles are an efficient use of space, and they are strong enough to suit most purposes effectively.


Question: Why do our stomachs hurt more from eating sugary food as we get older?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do our stomachs hurt more from eating sugary food as we get older?

Not sure this is true. I'm 45 and am a sugar addict. It's poisoning me for sure, but doesn't hurt my belly when I eat lots of it.


Question: Why it is too hard to discover Fusion energy ?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why it is too hard to discover Fusion energy ?

It's not so much that Fusion energy is HARD, what's hard is utilizing it in a safe and controlled manner. With our current level of technology the amount of energy required to create and contain a fusion reactor is more than the amount of energy we could harvest from it.


Question: What causes a headache and what are we actually feeling when we feel our head ache?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes a headache and what are we actually feeling when we feel our head ache?

I've had a constant headache for 25 years. Took doctors 20 years to figure out muscles in my head, neck and shoulders are aggravating my nerves and making them inflamed. There's one answer :)


Question: How come when some airplanes fly by they leave the white streak of smoke and others dont?!

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come when some airplanes fly by they leave the white streak of smoke and others dont?!

The white streak you're referring to is known as a contrail. It's just visible water vapor from the engines exhaust (like cars make in cold or really humid conditions). It only shows up at certain atmospheric conditions (based on temperature and relative humidity) and those change based on the altitude. Generally the higher you climb the lower the temperature, so contrails will start appearing above a certain altitude where the temperature drops enough for the water vapor to become visible. It is possible to see them at ground level when it is extremely cold out, but normally above mid 20 000's feet.


Question: What is a presidential electors and what does the new Supreme Court ruling mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a presidential electors and what does the new Supreme Court ruling mean?

We don't elect the POTUS by popular vote. The people in each state vote for who they want. Then, a group of people in that state called "electors" look at those votes, and then get together and vote for who will actually be president. Some states say all the electors have to vote for whoever got the most votes in their state. Some people want the elector votes to match the states vote (so if you have ten electors, and the people in the state voted 60% for X and 40% for Y, 6 electors would vote X and 4 would vote Y). But in some states, the electors can just vote for whoever they please. This decision affirms that a state can punish them for not voting the way the populace tells them to.


Question: why, in formulas, current is represented with the letter i, voltage with u and inductance with L?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why, in formulas, current is represented with the letter i, voltage with u and inductance with L?

Current is I because of the French phrase intensite du courant (current intensity) and because Ampere was a French guy. Voltage is actually a V or curly italicized v named after Volta, an Italian guy. And inductance is L because of Lenz, a German guy.


Question: How exactly does the feeling of your heart "fluttering" in your chest happen when you think about someone you like or love?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly does the feeling of your heart "fluttering" in your chest happen when you think about someone you like or love?

To put it in very simple terms: the things that you think of and emotions that you feel can have physical effects on your body. Its just like how your hands might shake when you get scared or angry and how your cheeks may turn red when you’re embarrassed. When you think of somebody you’re fond of you may get anxious or excited. When you have these different emotions your brain will release chemicals that are related to these emotions which will cause other parts of your brain to respond, like the area that’s responsible for heart rate. The part of your brain that control your heart rate and other basic functions isn’t able to reason out WHY you’re feeling excited or anxious because it’s one the most basic parts of your brain and it doesn’t do very much “thinking” at all. It just receives the message that you are excited and so your heart rate will rapidly increase. In fact, your body’s “built in” control mechanisms are constantly adjusting things like heart rate and breathing for a large variety of things you may not even be conscious of. The reason your body reacts the way it does to these certain emotions can be instinctual or learned. Another example: Your heart races when you’re scared because your brain is basically telling your body “get ready to run or fight!!!” Even though you may just be sitting on the couch watching a horror movie. It’s just the same. The heart rate part of the brain doesn’t know you’re watching a movie. All it knows is that you’re scared so it adjusts accordingly. Source: Degree in BioMedical Sciences


Question: What is the real world significance/ benefit of calculus?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the real world significance/ benefit of calculus?

The most unhelpful, but most true answer: Basically everything. Almost everything runs on, is modeled by, understood using calculus to some extent. Newton's second law, which is the basis of any kind of physical motion, and so used in all forms of engineering, mechanics, fluids, etc, etc, etc, is an equation in Calculus. The equations that allow us to discuss how electricity will flow, what magnetic fields will do, how light will propagate, are Calculus equations. Even many things in something that may seem like it has nothing to do with Calculus benefit from it, or discrete versions of it, particularly in Computer Science. Your whole world runs on Calculus. If you take advantage of anything invented after 1700, then you're more than likely directly benefiting from Calculus. Calculus is an infection. We are in symbiosis with Calculus. Calculus tells us how things change, and everything changes, so we need Calculus for everything.


Question: Why is spicy things (Like peppers) spicy? Like, why do they hurt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is spicy things (Like peppers) spicy? Like, why do they hurt?

Capsaicin. It's a compound plants developed to protect themselves from being eaten, but humans seem to love.


Question: When a weather forcast says that there's X% chance of rain, how do they calculate that and what does it mean exactly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a weather forcast says that there's X% chance of rain, how do they calculate that and what does it mean exactly?

The % chance of rain is a combination of the percentage chance that there will be measurable rain in a given area and the percentage of the area that will have that range. So if a meteorologist is 100% confident that it will rain in an area, but only 60% of the area will get rain, they will say it’s a 60% chance of rain. If they’re 75% certain that it will rain, and 80% of the area will receive rain, it’s also a 60% chance of rain (.75x.8=.6). And if there’s a 60% chance of rain and 100% of the area will receive rain, there’s a 60% chance of rain.


Question: Why should we have stored some spices and medicines in the dark?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why should we have stored some spices and medicines in the dark?

molecules that affect our body are usually very reactive molecule who are on a stable state only thanks to the fact that their "less energic" form requires a tiny push to be reached. That tiny push can come from heat, chemical reaction or light. That's why some alcohols, medecines and spices have to be kept in a dark and cold environment: so they don't get pushed to their less energic and unwanted form.


Question: How much money do retail stores spend on credit card transactions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How much money do retail stores spend on credit card transactions?

I'd like to address the last part of your request: > how much can a company save if they do not take credit cards? The other commenters have done a great job explaining credit card transaction fees, but the answer to this particular piece of your question is quite subjective and somewhat intangible. Businesses save money *per transaction* by accepting only cash - there's no doubt about that. This is a great business model for your local ice cream parlor, barber shop, or small business where they tailor to a specific community. Here's the kicker - how many transactions/customers are you losing because you only accept cash? Many people carry little to no cash in today's digitally-driven world and therefore don't patronize cash-only businesses. Businesses therefore need to plan accordingly, whether by having cash-specific prices (gas stations), minimum electronic transaction amounts (popular in bars/pubs), or pricing products/services accordingly to cover the expected transaction fees. Credit card companies have obviously figured this out and have made themselves indispensable, ingraining themselves into the global economy and introducing strategic new products (cash back rewards, frequent flyer miles, etc.) and services (fraud protection, purchase protection, global helpline, etc.). Hope this helps!


Question: How do companies that seem to have a monopoly in their space (Google, CollegeBoard, just to name a few) circumvent anti-trust laws?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do companies that seem to have a monopoly in their space (Google, CollegeBoard, just to name a few) circumvent anti-trust laws?

Well, first of all, governments don't let it slide forever. For example: URL_0 But more importantly, just being a monopoly is not inherently illegal. What's illegal is using your position as a monopoly to stop others from competing with you, or making conditions unreasonably bad for customers. For example, in the big anti-trust case against Microsoft back in the day, they weren't prosecuted because Windows didn't have any reasonable competition. They were prosecuted because they forced all Windows users to use Internet Explorer by default (making it hard to switch), so nobody could compete with Internet Explorer. So for anti-trust laws to really apply, the government has to prove the company was abusing its monopoly position.


Question: Sometimes police can enter a house saying they have a warrant, but do not need to produce it for proof to the people in the house?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Sometimes police can enter a house saying they have a warrant, but do not need to produce it for proof to the people in the house?

Under the Federal Constitution there is no requirement to show the warrant. There is a standard of reasonableness with regard to the manner of execution of the search or arrest, and some decisions have cited the display of the warrant, but the Supreme Court has affirmatively held it is not a requirement. Some states do have statutes dictating the manner with which warrants are executed. Keep in mind, as with all personal rights (i.e. limitations on government power) under the Federal Constitution, states can always expand the proscription (i.e. give you more rights) but they can never limit your rights under the Federal Constitution. In short, requiring a warrant to be shown is an additional right, but it is not required everywhere in the U.S.


Question: How does Amber so effectively preserve specimens for supposed millions of years and is there an artificial equivalent?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Amber so effectively preserve specimens for supposed millions of years and is there an artificial equivalent?

Amber is just fossilized tree resin, ~~which is a kind of sticky tree sap~~. We have tons and tons of different kinds of synthetic resins that behave in much the same way. Amber is a great preserver because it's watertight and airtight (why we used to use tree resin for boat building!), and so anything that it encases can't really be affected much by the environment. Because of this property, any bacteria or insect inside the resin will quickly die, and no bacteria or insect outside can get in. This means there is nothing to actively decompose the encased material. With no active decomposition, and no passive environmental wear, the encased material is extraordinarily well preserved as long as the amber remains undamaged. edit: u/foramsgalorams


Question: How do they calculate values of Pi?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do they calculate values of Pi?

Using a branch of mathematics called infinite series we can find an equation that approximates pi. Typically these equations don't equal pi but something like 1/pi or pi^2 /6 and then we do additional arithmetic to isolate pi. Infinite series are recursive equations (1/x + 1/x^2,... or x/1!, x^2 /2!, x^3 /3!,...) and we just compute the next term to get more accuracy of the approximation. Problem is that these equations quickly become unwieldy and chew up a lot of computation power so we can go forever. That being said, NASA uses pi to less than 20 places. For practical purposes, we have pi perfected


Question: Does the probability of a certain outcome change after several consecutive rolls of two dices?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does the probability of a certain outcome change after several consecutive rolls of two dices?

Dice rolls are independent of each other, and thus the probabilty of rolling snake eyes is exactly the same regardless of whether your previous 100000 throws were snake eyes or 12 or any number in between. However if you ask a question differently - what is my probabilty to get at least one snake eyes after 100000 throws - then the answer is different too. But if the question is "If i roll dice now, what is the chance" then the answer is same every time. Your chance of rolling 10 snake eyes in a row is very low - but your chance of rolling snake eyes in any given roll, even if your previous 9 rolls were snake eyes, is still 1/36.


Question: How does coffee become decaffeinated? Is it healthy for you, or is the coffee equivalent of diet sodas?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does coffee become decaffeinated? Is it healthy for you, or is the coffee equivalent of diet sodas?

The method I'm aware of is that they basically wash the beans with liquid Co2, and make "Co2 coffee" with it until they have removed at least half the caffeine. I'm sure there are other methods, but this in particular wouldn't make it toxic or anything. Just weaker since it's been used already.


Question: Why is it that it takes few seconds for our body to decide that it's had enough water not to be thirsty, but several minutes to recognize that no more food is needed cuz it's not hungry?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why is it that it takes few seconds for our body to decide that it's had enough water not to be thirsty, but several minutes to recognize that no more food is needed cuz it's not hungry?

Sensors in your mouth, back of the throat and oesophagus can detect how much water has been consumed and report this information to the brain. Fairly shortly after drinking water, the bode will start to behave as if that water is already in the bloodstream, even if it is still somewhere in the digestive tract. Food is a completely different story. The brain relies on stretch receptors in the stomach, hormones produced by the process of digestion, and sometimes chemicals generated by the bacteria living in the intestines. This is a much more complicated process that takes longer, which leads to a lag between actually being full, and the feeling of fullness.


Question: Why is inflation such a bad thing?

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<thinking>
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why is inflation such a bad thing?

Major issue is currency keeping up to par with income. In the US especially, it is a wide margin. We grew up with stories of our parents and grandparents making $1.95 an hour, but standards of inflation equates that to roughly $17 depending on the year (I was going off of my parents). Currently in the US, minimum wage is $7.25 an hour. The older generations wonder why we can't live as flavorently as they did, but they don't see the actuality of inflation disparity.


Question: Can clicking your neck (or any other part for that matter) be dangerous?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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 Can clicking your neck (or any other part for that matter) be dangerous?

> Medical doctor Donald Unger crackedthe knuckles of his left hand every day for more than sixty years, but did notcrack the knuckles of his right hand. No arthritis or other ailments formed in either hand, earning him the 2009 Ig Nobel Prize in Medicine, a parody of the Nobel Prize. Source: URL_0


Question: How high could a bee fly?

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 How high could a bee fly?

Bees can apparently fly over Mount everest. URL_0 Dillon and his team of researchers found that the bees they collected could fly at air pressure equivalents exceeding 24,275 feet (7,400 meters) above sea level, equivalent to some of the lower peaks in Nepal’s Annapurna mountain range. Two bumblebees were able to fly at more than 29,525 feet (9,000 meters)—higher than Mount Everest.


Question: How does tax avoidance result in income inequality, especially in developing countries?

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[Your final answer goes here]
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 How does tax avoidance result in income inequality, especially in developing countries?

Legal Tax Avoidance, to distinguish from things like just not paying, is not easy to do. It requires a degree of financial knowledge, wealth, and connections to achieve. The average person may not know how to set up a tax haven, or move money through companies to avoid paying income tax. The wealthy can afford to pay someone who knows the process. Thus the poor and middle class generally pay their taxes because they don't know how to avoid them, while the rich are able to avoid taxes. Edit: So the Rich are avoiding paying taxes, which allows them to make even more money (they are clearing 25%+ just by not paying each year) which snowballs.


Question: What is happening when people get that tingly feeling, and even well up/cry during epic moments in movies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 What is happening when people get that tingly feeling, and even well up/cry during epic moments in movies?

I’m not an expert and cannot give you a scientific explanation, but I put it down to the feeling of awe. There’s a great [TED talk]( URL_0 ) from neuroscientist Beau Lotto about what happens to us in this state. Highly recommend watching it. Awe is an incredible state to be in and one that doesn’t receive enough attention in our societal discourse. All the feel good hormones go ballistic and we become more open to acts of compassion, self-sacrifice and altruism in general. So yeah. Awe. It’s pretty good.


Question: What IS the Elephant's Foot, exactly?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 What IS the Elephant's Foot, exactly?

It's a bunch of melted metal (well, it was melted and now it's mostly solidified in the shape you've seen pictures of). & #x200B; The metal was actually the radioactive fuel that powered the nuclear reactor. It melted because the nuclear reaction got out of control and generated too much heat too fast. & #x200B; It is as dangerous as you've heard, because it's still extremely radioactive. It's not actively melting or exploding because the shape has changed and spread out enough that the reaction is no longer self-sustaining to the extent that it was before (like a bomb or at least a very active nuclear reaction) but it is still highly radioactive waste with much of the behavior of an active nuclear reactor.


Question: How are math problems unsolvable?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How are math problems unsolvable?

People use the word unsolvable in a mathematical context to mean a couple of different things. Often in pop math articles the word unsolvable is used to refer to problems that mathematicians have tried for a long time to solve (like the twin prime conjecture, goldbach conjecture, collatz conjecture) but have not been successful. This does not mean that the problem itself is literally unsolvable. It's more just a colloquial way of saying that the problem is very hard to solve. However, there are some rigorous mathematical theorems which in a sense show that there exist problems which are "unsolvable." One of these is Godel incompleteness theorem. In order to appreciate it, one must distinguish between things which are true and things which are provably true. This is kind of subtle. Essentially in mathematics one can prescribe rules of deduction. For example if someone told you that x < y and that y < z, then you can deduce that x < z. The rules of deduction give you a way of proving true statements. However, essentially what Godel proved is that there are statements which are true, but which cannot be proven to be true using the usual rules of deduction. Such problems are in a sense "unsolvable" because it is impossible to produce a proof that they are true (or that they are false). However, in the day to day life of a typical mathematician, we have no reason to believe that the sorts of problems that they are thinking about fall into this category.


Question: If molecules are packed more tightly together in solids than in liquids, why is it that solids can be compressed and liquids cannot?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 If molecules are packed more tightly together in solids than in liquids, why is it that solids can be compressed and liquids cannot?

Liquids can be compressed. Incompressible liquid is a common assumption to make for certain flow calculations because for example the compressibility of water in a river has virtually no impact on the flow. In high pressure hydraulic systems the compressibility of the oil can be important


Question: Why is movement relative, but not rotation? Does the universe have an up and down?

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<answer>
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 Why is movement relative, but not rotation? Does the universe have an up and down?

It's because rotating requires acceleration, and acceleration requires force, which isn't relative. If you were spinning with no external reference you'd still experience centrifugal force (a real thing in a rotating reference frame), coriolis force, etc. Constant velocity is zero acceleration is zero force...nothing to measure directly, so you need an external reference. If you're accelerating at all, you can measure it and it's not longer relative. This doesn't just apply to rotating, it applies to accelerating in a straight line too. Among other things, this is what resolves the Twin Paradox in special relativity.


Question: Why does cooked food offer more calories than its raw counterpart?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why does cooked food offer more calories than its raw counterpart?

The heat from cooking partially breaks down the food making it easier to extract the calories of the food. So since you use less energy to get the energy from the food you net more calories. Also cooking methods often involve adding things like butter that give them more calories.


Question: Why do some actors that imo were pretty good, start making straight to dvd/netflix crap?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do some actors that imo were pretty good, start making straight to dvd/netflix crap?

Handfuls of reasons. Actors are humans too. From what I've read about different actors, its a bit all over the place. Some can't handle money and fame and tend to back off from the lime light in lieu of drugs, women, gambling, or other vices. Some burn bridges when their egos get in the way. Some have families that they focus on. Some just lose it and can't act they way they used to. Some devote their lives to something new, like religion or charity. Some spiral into depression or develop medical problems. Some are typecast into a role and can't find work elsewhere. Sometimes the public gets bored with them and producers aren't interested anymore. Sometimes they shoot the moon and turn out a flop they can't recover from. Some just age out of it but are content with the money they have. Some move onto behind the camera roles. It's really all over the place, unless you want to know about a specific actor there isnt a catch all reason.


Question: What are the "Proud boys" moviment?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What are the "Proud boys" moviment?

It started as an anti-feminist fan club of sorts that was started by social and political commentator Gavin McGuinness, that overtime became a right-wing white supremecist movement.


Question: how does a induction cooker work / not get warm?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does a induction cooker work / not get warm?

Traditional heating elements use electrical resistance to generate heat. As high voltage electricity is forced through a relatively unconductive material, the electrons bump into the atoms, losing some of their energy as heat. Induction cookers use electricity to heat metal in a less direct way. By using AC current, the induction cooker actually creates a magnetic field that switches back and forth very rapidly. This has a heating effect on metal, as the atoms are continually excited by the magnetic field jerking them around. However, the glass that the heating element is placed under, as well as your hand, is made of nonmetals, so the magnetic field has nowhere near the same magnitude of effect on them, which keeps it cool to the touch. I hope I helped!


Question: How does the sum of the in infinite arithmetic sequence "1+2+3+4..." equal -1/12?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the sum of the in infinite arithmetic sequence "1+2+3+4..." equal -1/12?

I'll throw my input in here in case you don't get an answer from a more qualified person (I have a bachelor's in Math, which isn't much compared to high level mathematics). The simple answer is that the infinite series 1+2+3+4... does *not* equal (or "converge to") the value of -1/12 in the conventional sense. In fact, this summation actually diverges to +INF. However, there are some adavanced numerical methods which "assign" -1/12 to this divergent series (which is different than being equal to). Unfortunately, I have inadequate knowledge to speak about this. TLDR; the series 1+2+3+4... doesn't "equal" -1/12, except in a very special case that has very special applications.


Question: Why is it that on Reddit practically everyone knows correct grammar while other parts of the Internet don't know any at all?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why is it that on Reddit practically everyone knows correct grammar while other parts of the Internet don't know any at all?

I want to believe it's because we consider ourselves the most literate of all social media. We write it, so that you can say that you were entertained having "read it". We are also not limited to a mere 140 characters, thus reducing the possibility of a misunderstanding (and consequently nuclear annihilation). When you don't need to purposefully shorten words for the sake of space, you are given more freedom to concisely say with your own style what you want to by providing quality information that literate readers might appreciate. To say "I am laughing out loud" is to put a pox on all of the houses of social media who use lol as their standard form of showing how funny someone thinks a post is. Reddit is also where we can end a long-winded post that people may be too pressed for time to get to the end of, by putting in a TL;DR to sum it all up. **TL;DR:** Reddit has more class than all other forms of social media.


Question: Why is sickness a response to stress or anxiety?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is sickness a response to stress or anxiety?

"sickness" like you're describing is your body's immune defense system kicking into action. It does this in response to things stressing the system. Anxiety is a type of stress. So is a gunshot wound, so is eating rotted meat. When you feel sick, what you're usually feeling is not the thing attacking you, but your body's response to it, namely white blood cells triggering a histamine reaction throughout your body, which causes a sensitive/rashy/swollen skin, a sore throat, runny nose, aching joints, dizziness, a queasy stomach, and other symptoms. Those sensations are due to all the parts of your body dialing down normal operations to prepare for battle against an external pathogen.


Question: What is the difference between direct and alternating current and how would using each one in a light bulb change the way it works?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between direct and alternating current and how would using each one in a light bulb change the way it works?

In direct current all the electrons run the same way. In alternating current, the electrons run back and forth, alternating between going one way and going the other, thus the name. Electrons running in a light bulb find it hard to run through the filament material. They have to push hard, and that makes the filament so hot that it boils away photons, called light. In a light bulb, it only depends how many electrons run in or out of the bulb, because a light bulb is a non-inductive load. A motor and things like that are inductive loads, and they work very differently on AC and DC.


Question: Astronauts and their spaceships in orbit experience the same gravity from earth. Why then do astronauts experience weightlessness when gravity is still acting on them?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Astronauts and their spaceships in orbit experience the same gravity from earth. Why then do astronauts experience weightlessness when gravity is still acting on them?

Technically they experience a slightly reduced gravity, by about ~~1%~~ 10% (edit after fact checking) if I recall correctly. Varies with distance to earth Center. But they are weightless because they fall at the exact same velocity (speed and direction) as their spaceship. As there is practically no friction on the vehicle from outside particles, and because the astronauts also have nothing varying their velocity, they are both only subjected to earths gravity and fall together. But they go so fast sideways that they actually continuously miss the earth and keep falling. That’s orbiting. Continuously failing to fall on something.


Question: In those videos where they play opposing tones through a stream of water and they cause the water to take on an odd, often gravity defying shape that can only be seen through a camera, is that shape actually occurring or is it an illusion?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In those videos where they play opposing tones through a stream of water and they cause the water to take on an odd, often gravity defying shape that can only be seen through a camera, is that shape actually occurring or is it an illusion?

It's an illusion sorta. It's tied to the pitch of the note and the aperture speed being exactly the same or relative to indicate the water freezing or flowing backwards. There are plenty of videos on this. If you have trouble finding one I think I have one in mind.


Question: How do trees function without brains?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do trees function without brains?

Trees don't know anything. They react to their environment through chemical pathways. Living doesn't require thinking.


Question: How do online passwords work/ protect information?

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<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do online passwords work/ protect information?

Not very well, in most implementations. Ideally, your username should be an index into a database where a cryptographic hash of a salted password is stored. The salt is a per-user random string known only to the web application. This string plus the password you type are fed into the hash function, and the result is compared to your entry in the database. If they match, you "know the password" and can access the system. Salted passwords protect from the situation where some evildoer steals the whole password file, runs "123456" through the hash generator, and then looks at all the entries in the password file to find out who's password is "123456".


Question: Why does someone ignoring you cause so much pain and anger?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does someone ignoring you cause so much pain and anger?

We wish to have the attention and approval of others, since this is obviously a survival and reproductive advantage in society. Your brain's natural response to being dismissed or ignored, then, is to motivate you to gain more social acceptance. That being said, remember that the other person's action or inaction is not what causes the emotional response,it is your own mind which causes that response, and only you can identify, analyze and control it.


Question: How do sound - cancelling headphones work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do sound - cancelling headphones work?

They have a microphone that picks up sounds external to the headphones. They then calculate the inverse waveform and play it as close to the same timeframe as they can manage. The two waveforms cancel each other out, resulting in silence. The ‘pressure’ sensation is due to the minute differences in time between the real and calculated waveforms.


Question: Why havent we domesticated cranberries that taste good on their own?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why havent we domesticated cranberries that taste good on their own?

There is no correct answer to this. People like them the way they are. 100% cranberry juice often doesn't have sugar added. Why don't grapefruits taste like strawberries? Why don't lemons taste like lemonade and why do limes not taste like key lime pie? Why do snozzberries taste like snozzberries?


Question: - was there oil in the ground back in the days of the early dinosaurs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - was there oil in the ground back in the days of the early dinosaurs?

Most of the fossil fuel we extract today is indeed older then the dinosaurs but not that much older. We do of course have fossil fuel from various different ages. However most comes from the carboniferous era. This was when plants developed plastics like lignin which enabled them to develop strong stems like for example in trees. However bacteria and insects had not developed the ability to digest these plastics and so the forest floors became covered in layers upon layers of dead trees and plants that would never fully rot away. And this is what eventually became oil and gas. When bacteria finally were able to digest lignin this caused a collapse of the forests, desertification, development of various animals and plants better equipped to this new climate like for example reptiles and then after 50 million years of this we got the biggest recorded mass extinction event that lasted for about 30 million years and triggered the development of dinosaurs. For comparison the dinosaurs were around for about 200 million years and became extinct only 66 million years ago.


Question: What is Gauss's Law and why is it introduced / taught using hypothetical and physically impossible examples?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Gauss's Law and why is it introduced / taught using hypothetical and physically impossible examples?

Gauss' law is all about Electric Fields and where they come from. The various equations all are a mathematical way of saying: Where an electric field originates, there must be a positive charge, where it ends, there is a negative charge. More precisely, it even tells you how many charges. As to your second question: it is taught in abstract examples because it's easier that way. When you learn how to calculate the trajectory of a ball that is thrown, in the beginning you neglect things like air resistance to make it easier and to make the basic equations more clear. In the same way you start to learn about electric fields in ideal circumstances first.


Question: How do targeted ads from things you've searched on a computer get to your phone? How does the tracking process work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do targeted ads from things you've searched on a computer get to your phone? How does the tracking process work?

Is your email attached to both devices? Do you have similar accounts between the two? That's how they do it. It's just spamming the devices attached to your accounts.


Question: How did medical care become standardized?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did medical care become standardized?

Many, many smart inventions. I'm not a history geek, so I'm unsure about the specifics, but the conventional microscope was only created in the last hundred - two hundred years. From this, people discovered bacteria, viruses, amoebas, cells, and how each related. This spawned vaccinations to stop smallpox and rubella, as well as people finding out microorganisms survive on skin, and can be contagious. Drugs, sanitisation, supplements; all of these things exist because of the microscope. While it'd be stupid to attribute every breakthrough in modern medicine to the microscope, it truly was the straw that broke the camel's back - or cured it, in this case.


Question: How do you burn off fat that’s been injected via plastic surgery?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you burn off fat that’s been injected via plastic surgery?

As long as cells are given what they need, generally they will stay alive, and work normally. This is why organ transplants are possible. Cells communicate via chemicals, which often flow through the whole body, reaching all cells. However, only specific cells react to each chemical, meaning each message is only read by the intended cells, wherever they are. So relocated fat cells may miss out on ‘local’ messages they would’ve gotten, but they’ll still react to general messages sent all through the body.


Question: How is the data from my online activity converted into targeted marketing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the data from my online activity converted into targeted marketing?

There are essentially 3 ways to track your computer on the internet: 1. Your computer has an 'address' so that other computers can send things to it (including web pages that your computer has asked them to send). This address isn't always constant/unique though. 2. Your web browser has memory spaces called 'cookies' where websites can save information which they can find later (the information is saved on your computer, hence you can "clear your cookies" to delete it) 3. You, your browser and your computer all reveal little nuggets of information (manufacturer, model, software versions, language, even the size of your browser window) which combined together can often be very unique to you. If websites can track your computer then they can remember things about you, the main types of data they might remember are: 1. Your age, sex and location. Just like A/S/L was the currency of early chat rooms, it is the currency of advertisers today. It's fairly easy to figure out (at least roughly), and highly correlates to what you might purchase. 2. Your interests, habits and behaviours. You give this information just by browsing - every search you make on a website, every category you click, every subreddit or person you follow. How often do you do this? How long do you stay? What times/days do you do it? 3. Your real identity. There's a good chance that your email address is in dozens of online databases next to your real name, address, phone number, birthday and in some databases even your credit card number, bank details and social security. So putting this all together: * Individual websites gather info on you, some of it is sold to others, with or without your real identity. * Your computer can be tracked between websites, which means info gathered from one site can be used by another or linked to your real identity. * When advertisers connect this info to your real identity they can follow you even further - from one computer to another, to your phone, or to send you junk mail to your real address. Apps work slightly differently but the principles are the same: try to track you between computers/apps, gather info on you and target you. Advertisers provide modules that app developers can put in their apps, these modules help them track you between apps. VPNs can help disrupt some of this, you should use them but they are not a single solution. The EU GDPR was another attempt to restrict tracking by forcing companies to ask for permission first.


Question: What is double moral hazard?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is double moral hazard?

Let's say I own a business and hire you for a salary to work for me. You have an incentive to shirk, in ways I can't easily monitor or detect, because you get the same wage while the reduction in profits from your shirking only fall on me, the owner. Let's see say we then agree to implement a profit-sharing plan, rather than paying you purely on salary. Now you have a reduced (but not eliminated) incentive to shirk, because some of the lost profits come from your own pocket. However, now I have an incentive to shirk in my own duties, since now I get all the benefits of my own shirking (the pleasure of increased Reddit usage when I should be negotiating for better prices with our suppliers, or networking to reach more customers), while I no longer bear all of the cost of lost profits, some of that cost is shifted to you. Now both of us have an incentive to misbehave in a way that is partially paid for by the other. That is double moral hazard.


Question: What are those cracks you can hear when you're at home while its silent?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are those cracks you can hear when you're at home while its silent?

That's hard to say without more info on your house and a description of the sound. If it's a newer house, it could just be settling. If it's older it could be creaking older wood or older pipes rattling.


Question: why does cracking two eggs against each other only one breaks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does cracking two eggs against each other only one breaks?

The eggshell shape is strong like a dome on a building but only if it is complete. So the first one to get a crack loses the strength to break the other and crumbles instead.


Question: If you’re a billionaire with the majority of your net worth tied up in sock options, assets, what have you, what are the sources of your day to day cash. Particular if you’re a CEO on a $1 salary?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If you’re a billionaire with the majority of your net worth tied up in sock options, assets, what have you, what are the sources of your day to day cash. Particular if you’re a CEO on a $1 salary?

Depends on the socks. Under Armour, Nike, or what?


Question: What actually is the Barbra Streisand effect?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What actually is the Barbra Streisand effect?

The origin was, there was a project in California to map the coastline of California. Countless pictures were taken of the coast. One of those pictures contained Barbara Streisand's house. She didn't want pictures to be out in the public and sued over privacy... however the act of suing cause far more attention, and far more people were interested and/or viewed pictures of her house. Had she done nothing, the pictures would likely have been relatively unknown and viewed by few people. Simply, trying to remove attention, can sometimes cause far far more attention.


Question: If we are all made up of atoms then how can intelligence or thought exist? How can a bunch of atoms assembled in a certain way develop to have brains and thoughts that will inquire about itself, i.e. atoms themselves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If we are all made up of atoms then how can intelligence or thought exist? How can a bunch of atoms assembled in a certain way develop to have brains and thoughts that will inquire about itself, i.e. atoms themselves?

No one can give you a 100% answer for this. Obviously, there are chemicals and processes in the brain that let animals have instincts and carry out complex tasks, but self awareness and consciousness is a whole 'nother beast. A very mysterious beast.


Question: What happens when a program is not closing when the "x" is being clicked and also when a program is closed due to "Force Quit" or "End Task" in the task manager?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens when a program is not closing when the "x" is being clicked and also when a program is closed due to "Force Quit" or "End Task" in the task manager?

Clicking the "X" sends a signal to the program that tells it to gracefully stop what it's doing and shut down. This lets it properly save progress, close any open files, etc. Correct operation depends on the program responding; if it has crashed in certain ways this can't happen. Force Quit / End Task is slightly more violent. It terminates the process directly and leave it to the OS to clean up whatever junk it left behind.


Question: How is it that a Nintendo or Super Nintendo video game, with its graphics, its music and everything else, fits in a few kb when a single image or a single musical composition uses more than that?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it that a Nintendo or Super Nintendo video game, with its graphics, its music and everything else, fits in a few kb when a single image or a single musical composition uses more than that?

> ...a single image or a single musical composition uses more [than a few kb] This is a modern understanding of video games, where Call of Duty textures take up gigabytes of space. On the NES, a sprite is often 16x16. That's only 256 pixels of information to store. On top of that, because the technical limitations of the NES, a pixel could only select from so many colors. I believe techniques were often used to select a color from a palette, which would require less space than storing the raw color data itself. Rather than a byte to store the exact color for a pixel, you could select from one of four colors with just 2 bits. That would make Mario's 16x16 sprite take up 512 bits - about 5% of a kilobyte - if you stored it this way. Similar considerations are made for music. Actual music files are quite large as you have to store all the tiny, tiny, tiny information picked up in the recording. But video game music back in the NES/SNES era wasn't recorded. They used a standard called MIDI where instead of the game storing and playing back an audio file, it would store the notes of a song as well as the instruments/other info about these notes. It was very space efficient to store what was effectively sheet music and reconstruct it on the fly, as if playing the instruments, as opposed to storing and just playing back the chunky audio files. There are so many more examples of this ruthless and necessary efficiency in this era of game development that is totally lost nowadays. I would recommend doing some YouTube binges about this topic as it's incredibly fascinating how these game creators were able to do so much with so little.