Question: Why isn't there more fresh water on Planet Earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why isn't there more fresh water on Planet Earth?

Water is corrosive as hell, and will readily dissolve anything it can. This makes freshwater, in a sense, the exception in that it has yet to dissolve a bunch of stuff.


Question: What does the 33% GDP plunge mean and what are the short term and long term effects?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does the 33% GDP plunge mean and what are the short term and long term effects?

So GDP is money used to buy goods and services. Say i buy a few apples at a local store for $5. The owner of that store then uses that $5 to get a haircut. Then the haircut person uses that $5 as part of their home mortgage and that $5 stays in a bank that owns the home. In total the GDP created was $15. So for short term effects. Some business might close and people might lose jobs and become homeless. Because they don't have money to pay their rent or mortgage. Long term, there might to much inventory and low demand that pretty much every store is gonna have a clearance or all year sell to attract people to spend.


Question: Why do antivirus programs "quarantine" threats instead of just removing them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do antivirus programs "quarantine" threats instead of just removing them?

It basically comes down to: *they could be wrong*. AV programs use predictions as one form of detection. In case this prediction fails, the program does not delete the file. Allowing the user a chance to recover it.


Question: If our inner ear fluid controls whether or not we're dizzy, why do things spinning in movies make us dizzy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If our inner ear fluid controls whether or not we're dizzy, why do things spinning in movies make us dizzy?

It's because what your eyes are telling your brain is not consistent with what your ears are telling your brain. This is why you get car sick, too (but the other way around). When there is inconsistent information like this, it could indicate that you've ingested poison. What's a good way to get rid of ingested poison? Vomit. (so it makes you feel like you're going to puke)


Question: What is the purpose of putting Hydrogen Peroxide on scrapes and cuts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the purpose of putting Hydrogen Peroxide on scrapes and cuts?

The idea is that hydrogen peroxide kills any bacteria that may have entered the scrape or cut to prevent infection. You’re trying to “clean” the wound. Another idea is that the bubbling effect the hydrogen peroxide has on your skin can remove any small pieces of debris that got into the cut. However, the use of hydrogen peroxide to clean wounds has become something of a controversy in the medical community. A lot of medical professionals say that hydrogen peroxide is *too* good at its job of killing things - it even goes so far as to kill the healthy cells, including ones your body has sent to the wound to repair it.


Question: How does losing fat increase testosterone in the body?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does losing fat increase testosterone in the body?

There may be more than one mechanism. The simplest mechanism involves a hormone in adipose tissue called peripheral aromatase that converts testosterone into estrogen.


Question: why is reading good for me?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is reading good for me?

One of the best benefits of reading is [increased general empathy]( URL_0 ). Reading allows you to explore alternative points of view and exercise your emotions through that exploration. Having a good sense of empathy helps you interact with others better and have better social skills. It can also help you control your own emotions better, since you have more practice experiencing them, as well as indirectly observing how the characters you read deal with their emotions, and how they react to their experiences. In general, you're going to have strong personal growth. Reading gives you problem solving tools. Again, you get to observe characters react to problematic situations and look at how they resolve them. In fiction, and narrative nonfiction, you can experience by proxy the worst possible situations to be in, and experience the worst possible reactions to them. You can do this *without* having any real negative consequences. So you can, say, watch characters drown their sorrows in alcohol, try to drive, speed recklessly, fly off the road, crash, almost die, recover in the hospital, fight with their alcoholism, recover, and find healthy alternatives to drinking. When you feel like drowning your own sorrows in booze, you can know what that may lead to without having to actually crash your car and almost die. Sure, you can be told that's what will happen, but without the emotional connection to those events you may not *understand* the consequences in the same way. Saying "you might die" is different from actually almost dying, and it will affect you differently. Of course, reading about it isn't the same as experiencing it, either, but you can still experience *something* and experience an approximation of the emotions involved. It helps you with problem solving by exercising your intellect, too. You can treat what you're reading like a puzzle, trying to figure out what will happen next, and how the characters will react. Then you confirm your guess as you keep reading, and adjust for the next chapter. This isn't something you do consciously like deliberately solving a puzzle, but something you're going to do subconsciously, in the same way that when you listen to music, you're looking for the pattern and you enjoy the music when you find that pattern. When you read, you're exercising your pattern recognition. Reading improves your writing and communication skills, just like taking apart an engine teaches you how build an engine. Reading shows you the pieces that writers used to write. Writing, I think, is a skill worth acquiring in its own right, but learning to *write* helps you learn how to communicate in other ways. You can be more persuasive, and just to express yourself so that you are better understood by others. That can mean you get what you want more, and you're not going to be as frustrated trying to make yourself understood by others. Those are all the more tangible, measurable (if you can call it that) benefits to reading. There's always the more nebulous benefits like learning, removing your ignorance, exploring distance places through fiction, etc.


Question: Can everyone theoretically have the same standard of living as people in first world countries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can everyone theoretically have the same standard of living as people in first world countries?

Yes is theoretically possible. Build safe nuclear plants and renewable energy supplies. Convert everyone to electric powered cars. Stop building war machines. Disband all armies. Put them to work building infrastructure. It will not happen.


Question: why do harmonics invariably exist in nature? Even though we can make music with pure frequencies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do harmonics invariably exist in nature? Even though we can make music with pure frequencies?

Because of the way the sounds are produced in nature are either made in some messy way that makes a messy wave, or there is some resonance at play, or both. Resonance is the big one here. Imagine you put a sine wave in a box. You could do that with a piece of paper where you draw a vertical line at 0 and 1, for instance, beyond which our wave can't go. Now if our sine wave is reflecting off of those walls we can have two things happen: either it overlaps with itself until it turns into a big mess, or, if the wave is the same size as the box, when it reflects it traces back over itself. So does a wave with double, triple, quadruple and higher multiples of the frequency of the wave. [Here's an image to illustrate]( URL_0 ) You may have noticed already what I just described. That first wave that's the size of the box is the fundamental, and all the waves that are some multiple of that frequency are harmonics of that fundamental. That's resonance. We stick a wave in a box and we tend to get back a harmonic series. Now how does that apply to notes in nature? Well, think of any musical instrument, for instance a guitar. It's a box with vibrating strings. The strings are held down on the end, so when they vibrate we get that same "wave in a box" situation, giving harmonics. Since the guitar is also a wooden box, it's going to again amplify certain harmonics. A trumpet is the same thing except the box is all the tubing between the mouthpiece and the bell. Even if you generate a pure sine wave and play it through a speaker, it's going to cause some resonance in the speaker, making the actual sound wave have some harmonics in it, though there may not be enough for you to notice with your puny human ears.


Question: What happens during euthanasia/assisted suicide? How does the process work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens during euthanasia/assisted suicide? How does the process work?

If pain is an issue, why not just use opioid overdoses for assisted suicides?


Question: Why is it so much easier to fall back asleep when you just got up when compared to just falling asleep?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so much easier to fall back asleep when you just got up when compared to just falling asleep?

You are still half asleep and havent done anything to start producing energy or waking up such as eating, opening the curtains, stretching ect. Throughout the day you produce and build up energy and have to usually wind down and slow brain activity before going to sleep.


Question: Why is the alphabet ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ arranged in that order?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the alphabet ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ arranged in that order?

I asked this question on a forum many years ago - they said 'because it's in alphabetical order'.


Question: How come diamond-companies are allowed to control the number of diamonds in circulation, without being a monopoly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come diamond-companies are allowed to control the number of diamonds in circulation, without being a monopoly?

The **are** a monopoly. DeBeers is very much in violation of the various anti-trust statutes in the US. The problem is that they aren't _based_ in the US and their executives don't come to the US, so the US can't do anything to stop them. They operate out of countries that allow their business practices and, since they control supply, people who want diamonds don't have a choice but to deal with them.


Question: In international football games on live tv, every country sees local ads on the billboard screens surrounding the field. How does this work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In international football games on live tv, every country sees local ads on the billboard screens surrounding the field. How does this work?

Wait, are you telling me that if you turn on Premier League, La Liga or the World Cup you see country-specific ads on the billboard? Can you tell me what country you are from, what league you’re watching and what ads you are seeing?


Question: How come the quadratic formula says add or subtract the square root?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come the quadratic formula says add or subtract the square root?

There are two different values that you derive using the formula. One by adding, one by subtracting.


Question: Why does money need to be circulating to keep the economy going?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does money need to be circulating to keep the economy going?

Fundamentally, "the economy" is the sum of all transactions happening between people, companies, government and any other entity that engages in commerce (buying, selling, trading, etc.). In the modern world, the vast majority of transactions happen only if money is changing hands (immediately or in the future). Sure, there's a small barter-based economy where people trade one thing for another with no money changing hands, but that's a very small part of modern society. So money changing hands (circulating) is necessary for modern economies to function. When money circulates less, that's a sign the economy is smaller. When it stops circulating - when no one buys anything from anyone - the economy ceases to exist (at least absent direct barter).


Question: Is it theoretically possible to make an object that burns melt instead?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is it theoretically possible to make an object that burns melt instead?

sure, things burn usually by combining with oxygen. so heat something up in an environment without oxygen, and you have a decent chance of getting it to melt eventually.


Question: If a single dose of meth makes people high for days at a time, and it doesn't cost a lot, why do meth users go broke and sell everything?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a single dose of meth makes people high for days at a time, and it doesn't cost a lot, why do meth users go broke and sell everything?

A single dose doesn't get you high for days at a time. A single dose makes you ask yourself why you ever decided to be sober in the first place...At which point you fix your lawn mower while saving your marriage right before you vacuum your ceiling.


Question: Why do many college students want safe spaces on their campuses? Why is it such a big deal to them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do many college students want safe spaces on their campuses? Why is it such a big deal to them?

Wouldn't it be a big deal to you if you felt unsafe on campus? That is what it is about: safety. Certain people (4channers, gamergaters, MRA's and the like) want to pretend that it is about protecting people's feelings, but the clue is in the name. It is about making people feel safe. If you're black, and the school invites a KKK leader out to talk about their beliefs, you are going to feel unsafe. Because that person wishes to harm you, and the simple fact that so many on the school wanted to hear this person means that some of your fellow students harbor similar ideas. If you're a rape victim, and students are encouraged to discuss subjects such as "there's no such thing as rape", you are going to feel really, really unsafe. Because you know people are literally discussing whether or not they can get away with harming people like you, and they are doing so with the school's blessing. A lot of people want to harm many different minorities in many different ways. Sometimes with physical violence, sometimes with verbal abuse, sometimes by taking away their rights. If you have to fear these things happening to you at campus, you're not going to learn much, you're not going to contribute much, and you're putting yourself at danger. That is why knowing that you're not in danger when you go to college is a big deal.


Question: There is a lot of information on the internet about how the Federal Reserve is bad. What is the well-intentioned argument in favor of the Federal Reserve?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 There is a lot of information on the internet about how the Federal Reserve is bad. What is the well-intentioned argument in favor of the Federal Reserve?

They are the organization responsible for stabilizing the US economy, and they usually do a pretty good job of it — ensuring that we go for years at a time without excessive inflation or deflation, so that people can focus on doing their jobs and running their businesses, without worrying that the economic system is going to stop working.


Question: Why is there such a difference in USB cables when technically it's all supposed to be "universal" anyway?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there such a difference in USB cables when technically it's all supposed to be "universal" anyway?

The brand specificity is a myth spread in order to make sure the user is using a proper cable - the original cable is guaranteed to be good quality while any other cable isn't. There are multiple reasons to why a bad quality ("Chinese") cable will not be good for your phone: 1. Quality: the wires aren't thick enough, or the insulation is bad, or the cable is simply more prone to breaking. These cables might work the first time but might cause problems later. 2. Non-standard cables: USB is a specific, defined, universal standard. Cheap manufacturers simply won't implement these standards correctly, because it is cheaper not to do so, allowing them to sell cables cheaper and/or make more money. 3. Different standards: a lot of phones these days come with some sort of a quick charging technology. A cable that barely meets the standard - or doesn't at all - is more prone to breaking under the pressure of this increased current/voltage that the USB spec doesn't account for, but quick charging requires. 4. Quality assurance: a cable from a reputable brand is more likely to work and keep working because they're more likely to have proper quality control measures in their factories.


Question: What's the most plausible way for us to time travel and how would it work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the most plausible way for us to time travel and how would it work?

We can travel further into the future by accelerating to very high speed where relativity would make a noticeable difference in the rate we progress through time. There are still a number of huge technical hurdles to doing this to advance more than a few microseconds ahead of Earth time. Accelerating to relativistic speed is no trivial task, and we haven't been able to get anything larger than atoms to reach such speeds let alone a ship with stuff in it. Trying to reach relativistic speed with people who can't really endure high acceleration adds another non-trivial complication. Traveling that fast without colliding with any matter that would rip apart the ship is yet another. But there's no plausible way to travel backward in time. Once you've gone forward, there's no turning back.


Question: If inflation goes crazy, could it benefit people with more debt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If inflation goes crazy, could it benefit people with more debt?

Yes. It's one of the basic 'concept' of lending/borrowing money. Borrower wins and Lender loses. The central banks adjust the interest rates accordingly tho.


Question: what is the "risk-free interest rate" and why could it be anything else than zero ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is the "risk-free interest rate" and why could it be anything else than zero ?

It's basically considered 'Risk Free' because there's not a possibility it won't be paid back. It exists mostly in theory, but then has correlation in reality. Basically think of it as saying if you had $10,000 and I told you you're not allowed to spend it for 1 year, how much would the market demand to do that? Assuming zero risk, what would you charge to delay the use of your own money? The most common risk-free rate refers to US T-Bills though, which is basically as close to truly zero risk as you can get. There's essentially no chance the US Government won't pay back your money on a 30 day T-Bill. Even if they had to just print the money, they'd pay it. And if there was ever a chance that the US Government did not pay back a 30 day T-Bill, then it's quite likely at this point you've been killed or irradiated enough to die soon and the US Dollar no longer exists.


Question: Why are some geographical names translated into English, but others remain in the native language?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some geographical names translated into English, but others remain in the native language?

It generally ends up coming down to whoever first makes the map, and then how widely accepted/used that map is. Map makers have a lot of naming power, and if a map maker from England gets sent halfway across the world to make a map of India, and then comes back and says “this is what these places are called” who gonna question him? The government? No, they’re the one who hired him to go make the map. And then for places that don’t have names, explorers/cartographers have a lot of leeway in naming places, wether intentionally or on accident. For example, you know how the America’s are called “America” Well one of the first major cartographers that made a map of parts of the americas was named “Amerigo”. So his name appearing on the map gave influence to what ended up being the name of two new contetinents.


Question: Why does an extra proton here or there make such a difference in the properties of an element?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does an extra proton here or there make such a difference in the properties of an element?

An extra proton changes two things: the amount of electrons and the space they occupy. Simply put, when you add a proton you must add an electron to match. This electron can't be where any other electrons already are. When other atoms are around a given element the electrons of the two atoms talk. Where the electrons are ultimately dictates how they talk. That is to say, electron distribution determines bonding strength and angles, which determine chemical properties. Remember, chemical properties are electrical properties.


Question: How did we discover about the layers of earth when we cant even dig that deep?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did we discover about the layers of earth when we cant even dig that deep?

When an earthquake happens, we record the data on the other side of the world. We noticed that some S-waves were missing that were expected to be there, and since S-waves can only travel through solid material it led to the conclusion that the core was liquid. But as it turns out a wave called a P-waves were getting recorded too, which means that there had to be some solid inner core and a liquid outer core. And some P-waves can deflected from the core too instead of going through it.


Question: Why do some countries require citizenship renunciation if you were to newly obtain citizenship in that country?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some countries require citizenship renunciation if you were to newly obtain citizenship in that country?

Because they hold the philosophy that you can only hold loyalty to a single nation. That means you have to give up all loyalties and privileges you may have in other nations to gain citizenship in their nation.


Question: Why is deflation bad/moderate inflation good for economy? If money is worth more it is good isn't it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is deflation bad/moderate inflation good for economy? If money is worth more it is good isn't it?

Deflation being bad is simple: why should you spend today when your money is worth more tomorrow? If you don’t buy stuff from the shop, that shop can’t get enough revenue to pay its staff, etc.


Question: If hot air rises, why does only the top of the lake freeze, and not the bottom?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If hot air rises, why does only the top of the lake freeze, and not the bottom?

Water is weird in that its solid crystalline form takes up more volume than the liquid, meaning ice floats in water. As cold air cools the top layer of water it does circulate in convection, but once the top freezes it no longer sinks and instead acts as insulation for the rest of the water mass.


Question: Can an asteroid be flung fast enough through space that it wouldn't have time to burn up if it entered our atmosphere?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can an asteroid be flung fast enough through space that it wouldn't have time to burn up if it entered our atmosphere?

At high speeds, the air resistance is proportionate to the square of the speed. Yes, the asteroids heat up due to [air compression in front of them]( URL_0 ), not resistance, but the heating is still proportionate to the speed at which the air is being compressed (i.e. the speed of the asteroid). This means that an asteroid flying twice as fast will meet two times as much heat and four times as much resistance (which also produces heat) and so on. Most large asteroids are not very sturdy in that conditions and explode in midair, and then their fragments burn up separately. If you increase the speed of the asteroid, it will crumble even faster.


Question: What is it about the feeling of the drop on a rollercoaster that people love so much?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is it about the feeling of the drop on a rollercoaster that people love so much?

It’s a very unnatural, unnerving feeling but in a controlled environment. It’s a safe form of thrill seeking. Some people like to be scared, whether it’s the heights, the speed, going upside down, the free fall feeling, it’s just way fun for some people.


Question: Why are bananas and avocados so.. soft?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are bananas and avocados so.. soft?

Because of how they're held together or how their "inner stuff" interacts, just like an ice cube is significantly harder than snow but they are both solidified water, an ice cube's inner stuff is held tight while snow's inner stuff have a great freedom to move around, thus when you step on snow it's way easier to leave a foot print than steping on ice.


Question: Why are there four pulmonary veins leading back to the heart from the lungs, but only two pulmonary arteries leading out of the heart?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there four pulmonary veins leading back to the heart from the lungs, but only two pulmonary arteries leading out of the heart?

Because the pulmonary veins are a lower pressure system, they need a larger collective diameter to allow for reasonable flow and filling of the left atrium within a reasonable time. There are only two pulmonary arteries because the right ventricle can push blood at a higher pressure and adequately perfuse the lung.


Question: Why does flash pasteurized juice taste so much worse than fresh juice?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does flash pasteurized juice taste so much worse than fresh juice?

it's not just heating up. it's the processing, bottling and transport process. oranges are harvested, then juice squeezed, then oxygen removed from the juice to eliminate spoiling, then flavor packs are added for that consistent flavor and then it's bottled and shipped


Question: How come you can restart the heart to start pumping again, but you can't do the same to the brain once activity ceases?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come you can restart the heart to start pumping again, but you can't do the same to the brain once activity ceases?

Nervous tissue has a drastically different recovery process (and is much less apt to regenerate unused pathways etc.) than muscle tissue like the heart. So when the heart stops beating briefly, an electrical or mechanical stimulus can get it back to its normal rhythm, but when the brain's neural pathways go unused or incapable, this repair is not as simple as electrical stimulation.


Question: how do bell curves work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do bell curves work?

"Bell curves" or Normal Distributions are simply a function defined by humans - it doesnt have any very special properties. However, we found that the outcome of many random processes in nature are distributed in a way that looks more or less like a Normal Distribution. We like to approximate such probability distributions by Normal Distributions, because it makes things easier to compare and do math with. E.g. if you grade a test in school, very often most pupils will be somewhere around the average and very few at the extreme ends. That results in a shape that looks kinda lika a Bell curve, and can be approximated by one.


Question: if I bet a fiver on black in roulette, and just kept doubling my bet if I lost, and take my winnings if I win, will I make money every time unless I literally call wrong so many times in a row I have no money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if I bet a fiver on black in roulette, and just kept doubling my bet if I lost, and take my winnings if I win, will I make money every time unless I literally call wrong so many times in a row I have no money?

This system does work, but you can potentially lose a lot of money for very little gain if you get unlucky many times in a row. Your bets would be 5, 10, 20, 40, 80... $155 for the chance to win $5? Also the odds are slightly worse than 50/50 as 0 and 00 are neither red nor black.


Question: How did they do math before Arabic numerals?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did they do math before Arabic numerals?

[Abacuses]( URL_0 ) were in use long before the invention of the Arabic writing system, and are still used today by students who can not do math with Arabic Numbers (like the blind). It's a frame with bars, each bar with a number of beads on them. And they can be used to great effect for most simple mathematical calculations.


Question: Is Fluoride good or bad? I hear people saying it's terrible, but it's in every tube of toothpaste?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is Fluoride good or bad? I hear people saying it's terrible, but it's in every tube of toothpaste?

Good. People say it's bad because they don't understand toxicity. A little bit of it is very good. That's all your ever going to get unless you are eating a tube of toothpaste with every meal. A lot can be bad but doesn't happen.


Question: How did Google create all the 3d objects in Google Earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did Google create all the 3d objects in Google Earth?

They use a technique called [photogammetry]( URL_0 ) with photos from aircraft. It takes multiple photos from different viewpoints, identifies points of common features (such as the corner of a building), and knowing the camera position and direction when the photos were taken, algorithms can determine where in 3D space where the point is. It's the same thing our brains do with our own eyes.


Question: if the Grand Canyon was created by water erosion from the Colorado river, then how come there isn't grand Grand Canyons around all or most major rivers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if the Grand Canyon was created by water erosion from the Colorado river, then how come there isn't grand Grand Canyons around all or most major rivers?

Nobody has yet given you the most important reason: **uplift**. Yes, softish sedimentary rock is important, but if the whole region is not being uplifted by tectonic forces (even far away from plate boundaries, bits of continents can get squished, bent, stretched, fractured, uplifted or depressed), then any rivers flowing through the area will not be cutting down too far before they reach gravitational equilibrium, ie. before they run out of energy to incise into the rock beneath them. If an area is continually uplifted for a few million years (as much of the American west was), then any rivers are constantly being moved higher than the sea level, so will continue to cut into the rock until they get back to sea level. This has resulted in the deep open canyons to be found all over states like Arizona, Colorado and Utah, especially our friend the most Grandest of Canyons. Canyons can exist without consistent uplift or a permanent river, but soft rock and water in the form of flash flooding is still required and you end up with slot canyons, like [this]( URL_0 ) or [this.]( URL_1 )


Question: if you can only buy/sell stock from 9:30 am to 4pm ET, why are there pre- and post-market price changes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if you can only buy/sell stock from 9:30 am to 4pm ET, why are there pre- and post-market price changes?

Stock trading never stops. Its really more useful to think of market hours as the hours when stock brokers are working. Because those people carry out most of the trades each day, that's when volume is highest. After hours all of the brokers have gone home. That means that the only people left trading are day traders (IE, people who use their own money to rapidly buy and sell stock as a source of income) and computers. After hours trading is really risky for normal people because the only people willing to buy/sell stock from/to you are professionals with access to a lot more information and experience than you. IE, if I'm a day trader doing after hours trading its probably because I have advanced access to an industry news source, such as an industry newswire. Because I'm looking at stories as they come off an industry newswire, at 12:30 am I learn that XYZ Corp is declaring bankruptcy, but you won't learn that until tomorrow at 10 am when the major news wires pick the story up. That means that you get screwed. Because of that, a lot of brokerages, particularly older more traditional brokerages, restrict the ability of their clients to engage in after hours trading. But again, trading never stops. People and computers are buying and selling stocks 24/7 and that activity is why you see pre and post market changes in price.


Question: How does a color changing mug work when hot water is poured into it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a color changing mug work when hot water is poured into it?

the glaze contains a dye or other material that can undergo a reversible physical transformation or a phase transition when exposed to heat. that transformation causes it to absorb/reflect different wavelengths of light URL_0 URL_1


Question: - Howcome you shouldn’t refreeze food once you have taken it out of the fridge?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Howcome you shouldn’t refreeze food once you have taken it out of the fridge?

It has less to do with safety and more to do with food quality. Every time you freeze food, the ice crystal formation ruptures cells or otherwise breaks down the food. Meat in particular gets mushy. The other posters are correct that any time above freezing is time where bacteria can be growing more quickly, but this is the same "clock" the food was on before you froze it. If you thaw something and immediately refreeze it, you wouldn't face real increased risk, just degraded quality.


Question: What are CDNs (content delivery networks) and how do these companies (Akamai, Fastly, Cloudflare) make money ??

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are CDNs (content delivery networks) and how do these companies (Akamai, Fastly, Cloudflare) make money ??

You run a candy company and sell directly from your factory - your candy is super delicious and customers love it, but for your customers who live over an hour away from your factory the process to drive to your factory, buy the candy, and drive home is unbearably long. Because of this you make a deal with a chain of stores nationwide to sell your candy. They send trucks to you daily to pick up from you then send it to all their stores, and you pay them to do this. Now your customers can buy your candy really quickly, rather than a 2+ hour round trip. In the above analogy, your candy = your website, your factory = your main server, the nationwide chain of stores = the CDN.


Question: Why isn't there a (start-up) company that makes older technology printers with cheaper ink?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why isn't there a (start-up) company that makes older technology printers with cheaper ink?

The ink is costly not because it’s some expensive exotic substance that is the only thing that works on modern printers, it’s actually pretty cheap, but the manufacturer prefer to sell cheap printers at a loss and sell the ink you need to use them at a huge markup. While you could make a printer startup, you cannot compete with the prices of the other brands since they are deliberately losing money on printer sales


Question: Why are filibusters such a big deal? It just seems like a bill might be delayed for 12-24 hours because someone keeps talking, but I’m sure I’m missing something that makes them harmful to bills.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are filibusters such a big deal? It just seems like a bill might be delayed for 12-24 hours because someone keeps talking, but I’m sure I’m missing something that makes them harmful to bills.

The filibuster rules have changed, and now a bill can be effectively delayed forever by having one Senator go "I could filibuster this, and unless you got enough people to override my filibuster, the bill stays in limbo forever." Under the old rules, yes, a filibuster was just a delaying tactic. But now, because the Senators don't actually need to be talking the whole time, they can delay it forever.


Question: Regarding the national debt, who do we pay when paying the debt and who are our creditors?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Regarding the national debt, who do we pay when paying the debt and who are our creditors?

There is no universal answer but in the case of the USA, the majority of US govt debt is, perhaps oddly, owed to "itself" (in an indirect way) because Medicare, Social Security hold a large chunk of it. The next big chunk is held by private US entities - citizens, pension funds, banks etc. There are foreign holders of US debt - Japan and China being the largest but the majority of US govt debt is held by US entities. Of course, the debt is repaid to the lenders mostly through the maturity and retirement of the debt instrument (usually bonds)


Question: Why can all tablets not be made into those little capsules? They're much easier to swallow than large dry tablets!

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can all tablets not be made into those little capsules? They're much easier to swallow than large dry tablets!

Capsules have their downsides. First, they are made to dissolve in water, so higher humidity can break them down over time. Second, they are more expensive to produce, as they need an assembly line to actually put the mixed drug in the capsules, compared to tablets which are typically just pressed from raw ingredients at once. Third, they typically cannot contain the same dose in the same size pill. Larger doses may require larger capsules. Fourth, pills can be split by the person taking them. It's not uncommon to be prescribed a medication that requires you taking half pills. It is very easy to split a tablet, and not so easy to split a capsule.


Question: Is outsourcing good for anyone besides the stock holders?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is outsourcing good for anyone besides the stock holders?

It's potentially good for the customers of the company, assuming the cost savings (or at least a portion of them) are passed on to customers.


Question: What's the difference between a radio transmitter antenna and a radio receiver antenna?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between a radio transmitter antenna and a radio receiver antenna?

There is none. "It is a fundamental property of antennas that the electrical characteristics of an antenna, such as gain, radiation pattern, impedance, bandwidth, resonant frequency and polarization, are the same whether the antenna is transmitting or receiving." So, if you take an antenna and modify it to be a better transmitter with a higher gain, it is also a better receiver. If you take an antenna and make it transmit directionally, it also receives directionally. If it transmits a specific frequency better than others, it receives that frequency better than others. For that reason, normally they're just called antennas, without reference to whether they are for receiving or transmitting.


Question: Why do videos seem shorter the second time you watch them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do videos seem shorter the second time you watch them?

Similar to when you're travelling a route for the first time, and then when you do it again for a second time, it feels quicker. Your brain needs reference points to contextualise things; it's notoriously bad at thinking about things without them - both because it's not quite as good at 'abstract' things (take for instance the difference between a million and a billion - brains are just like 'meh' about this, until you tell them that a million seconds is 12 days, and a billion seconds is 31 years), but also because when knowledge of variables (such as time) are missing, then the equation effectively can't be solved, or at best can only be guessed at. With videos you've seen before, you have a timeline of expectation you can place yourself in, so you get more context about progress. With videos you haven't watched, there is no context until you've finished the video and can assess it retrospectively.


Question: Does inflation go on forever even if an object's value remains the same? For example: An egg costs 1 coin 100 years ago, 10 coins today, 100 coins next century, and so on, even if its value as food remains roughly the same throughout the centuries.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does inflation go on forever even if an object's value remains the same? For example: An egg costs 1 coin 100 years ago, 10 coins today, 100 coins next century, and so on, even if its value as food remains roughly the same throughout the centuries.

Inflation isn't some universal law, it's something that's decided upon indirectly by your government. Not many financial systems have survived long enough to even know for sure if it can be a stable system forever. We seem to think it can with the proper care.


Question: Topology of a hollow sphere? Can I deform to a disc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Topology of a hollow sphere? Can I deform to a disc?

That pinhole does in fact count as changing the object's shape -- this is the whole premise of topology. In topology, we distinguish between objects entirely by the way their faces and edges connect, in a manner similar to graph theory, but for continuous surfaces. So, yes, if you poke a hole in the sphere, it is no longer the same topological shape. Even if it still _looks_ like a sphere, it's technically just a distorted disc as soon as you poke the hole in it.


Question: How would UBI (universal basic income) be good for a capitalistic society?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How would UBI (universal basic income) be good for a capitalistic society?

Some jobs are valuable to employers because they can make a profit by charging more for a product than their costs. However, there are other jobs, like kindergarten teacher, where it's very difficult for employers to turn a profit. As a result, it's very difficult for an employer to financially motivate someone to be a kindergarten teacher. But wait, what if there are people that **want** to do that job because it's personally satisfying to them? Well, there isn't a good system to make sure they earn enough that they don't have to live on food stamps. Many reasonable people do a job they like less that pays a living wage. What if we could take wages off the table? UBI would pay everyone a living wage, and then employers would be free to pay more if they wanted to. Thus someone who likes teaching kindergarten could work in one, even though the operator could not afford to pay them very much, rather than work in a grocery store for a little more money doing a job they hate. Once everyone has enough to live on, other factors of the work are relatively more important. People with high-paying jobs are paid less by their employer, probably a UBI less, because somebody has to pay lots of taxes to make UBI work. But, they get to live in a world where there is a lot less crime because folks in precarious positions often make poor choices.


Question: Why don't birds need a vertical stabilizer / tail fin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why don't birds need a vertical stabilizer / tail fin?

Because planes have rigid bodies and fixed wings that cannot move. The only part that moves are the control surfaces (ailerons, elevators, rudder...etc). Birds move their wings and entire bodies and can control each wing independently, and they also have tails that they can move rapidly to control their motion. As for flying wings like the B-2, they use the control surfaces on each wing to control drag. This ends up doing the same thing as a vertical stabilizer.


Question: How do insurance companies survive disasters like the hurricanes in Florida?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do insurance companies survive disasters like the hurricanes in Florida?

They do maintain fairly large liquid holdings vs. corporations of similar sizes in other sectors (although not by comparison to a lot of tech companies like Apple, interestingly enough) More importantly they also spread their risk through re-insurers (insurance for insurance companies) such that they are only on the hook for a small percentage of the total claims. Both insurers and reinsurers are also pretty careful about how much total exposure they allow themselves to any particular area (like Florida) and have done a lot of analysis of the risks (like hurricanes) so that they have a pretty accurate estimate of how much liquid cash they need to keep. Their risk models take into account much more in the way of global warming risks than do, say, the US government's. Plus they often manage immediate cash flow by delaying payment for lower-tier premiums etc. This doesn't always work, but after hundreds of years of insuring people they generally know what formulas will keep them afloat. As a last resort they can often go raise debt or equity from the public and private markets, although doing so when you're "under water" (pun intended) can result in shareholders taking a bath...


Question: Why do some surfaces retain fingertips better than others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some surfaces retain fingertips better than others?

Our skin contains sebaceous glands that produces oil naturally. And the surfaces which are smooth enough for the oils in the ridges of our fingers i.e., fingerprint to transfer onto, then the surface would retain fingerprints better. For instance, a phone with a glass back retains more fingerprints than that with an aluminium back.


Question: How do the odds on betting sites get calculated and re calculated during a game 24 Hours round the clock and how is it done to begin with?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do the odds on betting sites get calculated and re calculated during a game 24 Hours round the clock and how is it done to begin with?

When someone bets on sports, the bookie in the old days would set odds, as usually one team is better than the other, so the bookie needs to keep things balanced. The bookie takes a commission on every bet, so he doesn't care which side wins. He does however need to make sure there is equal money on both sides of the wager, otherwise he'll have to make up the difference if there isn't enough money to pay out the winners. So he uses odds to balance that. He'll set odds and if he still sees too much money going onto one team, he'll change those odds. People will bet the underdog if the odds are right, because sometimes the underdog will win, and that will result in a huge payoff for them. 10:1, 20:1, 30:1 odds can be found sometimes. If you bet $100 and could win $3000 then that's an enticing risk for some people. For team sports it's usually a point spread, then Team A is much better than Team B, so team A will have -24 points and Team B will be +24 points. So whatever the final score is, you use that point spread as an adjustment and that will tell you who won the bets. Team A scores 50 and Team B scores 30, but Team B gets a 24 point bonus due to the point spread, so for the purposes of the bet, the final score was Team A 50 and Team B 54, so the people who bet on team B would win and team A betters would lose. If this wasn't in place 100% of the bets would go on team A and that isn't good for the bookie. As for how it's managed, I'm sure there are automatic programs that balance things on the website, as it's easy to track who is betting on which team and then make incremental changes in the betting line until things balance out. Back in the day with real live bookies, they would keep paper records which would enable them to track how many bets were going on each team. Most bookmakers were one man operations, so it was easy for them to maintain an overview since they were dealing with each bet personally.


Question: What happens in your brain when you take an antidepressant? Does if affect your body too?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens in your brain when you take an antidepressant? Does if affect your body too?

Well, one kind of antidepressants, SSRIs, work be slowing down the reabsorbtion of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is one of the “happy” chemicals in the brain, alongside dopamine. When the reabsorbtion is slowed, more serotonin is available floating around your brain. Generally, doctors will prescribe based on what kind of symptoms of depression the patient is trying to relieve. Different SSRIs can have different effects on people. Some may get all the negative side effects and see no improvement in mental health, and that’s where lots of trial and error is needed to find the right one.