Question: when astronauts do some space walk around the ISS, how are they not being left behind by the ISS that is orbiting around 17k mph?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when astronauts do some space walk around the ISS, how are they not being left behind by the ISS that is orbiting around 17k mph?

The astronauts are also moving at the same rate as the station. So astronauts relative to station there is no difference in speed.


Question: why do people scream when they are in pain?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do people scream when they are in pain?

- To alert others to possible danger - To alert others that you need assistance - To discourage your attacker - To stimulate hormone release (e.g adrenaline, endorphins) Many animals have similar alert and distress calls. Some also release specific scents. Even some plants release chemicals when damaged that nearby plants can react to.


Question: How do broken porcupine quills travel through the body and out of the eye of some animals?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do broken porcupine quills travel through the body and out of the eye of some animals?

They have serrated edges (google a closeup photo), so it's hard to pull them out, while it's easy to push them deeper. With body movement, they can penetrate deeper and deeper until they hit something vital. To come through the eye, they would have to start at a really unfortunate angle.


Question: Why does burnt food generally have the same taste even if the foods are different?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does burnt food generally have the same taste even if the foods are different?

All the complex and varied organic compounds making different foods tend all to decay into more or less the same basic blocks (i.e. charcoal and simple organic molecules) when overheated, giving the universal burnt taste. Think of it like ice sculptures - they can be of varied shapes, sizes and impressiveness, but they all turn into puddles of water after a warm spring weekend.


Question: Why was there a countdown on old film movies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why was there a countdown on old film movies?

Older films were so massive in terms of how many images were projected per second that they had to split them up into several smaller parts. A 90 minute movie might be broken into four sections of film, all spun into that familiar snowflake looking thing with little bits of film trailing off of it that we see emblazoned on movie themed restaurants and various getaways. That's a reel of film. You'd take this portion of the movie, and you'd have two or three projectors to put it onto. You would have to play a constant game of piggy back with the reels, winding and rewinding them, placing them on the projector, in order to screen a movie. It was done by hand back in the day, and there would be subtle indicators of when it was time to switch to the next reel. We call the smaller indicators "cigarette burns" due to their resemblance to when a hot end of a cigarette would burn itself into a piece of paper. Anyway, the projectionist knew to sync that shit up. However - - you had to sync it up to the other parts (reels) so that it made sense and seemlessly flowed like one big gigantic reel to the audience watching below you, the projectionist. When the time came to switch over to the next segment (the next reel), there would sometimes be a a helpful countdown with numbers and a spinny second hand like on a stopwatch. As a projectionist, you would match the timing on the reel that was just about to be unwound to the fresh, unwound reel that would be all the next stuff coming up in the movie. So, the people that made the print (the copy you're working from) would put in these little indicators of when it was time to switch over to the next reel, and they looked like what you're describing. If you were in a movie theater fifty or sixty years or more ago and saw that countdown thing, it would mean that the projectionist sucked, but over time it has become an emblem of watching a manually projected film. The countdown thingy gave the projectionist a chance to get the focus and intensity of the projection right before screening the final product. But raw film would often include this countdown, so it's used nowadays as a stamp of pseudo authenticity.


Question: What's the psychology behind the appeal of effeminate K-pop male stars to girls, even in places without the Korean "male beauty" standards?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the psychology behind the appeal of effeminate K-pop male stars to girls, even in places without the Korean "male beauty" standards?

As a female far outside of the age when K-Pop boys might be attractive, I would hazard that it's because they don't come off as threatening. I don't consider them particularly 'effeminate' myself, but they do seem to be shorter and slighter than a lot of Western men, and their music doesn't seem to have the aggressive sense of owning women that I've heard in a fair bit of modern music. They're nice to look at, they sound good, they dance very well, and they don't seem like they'd commit date rape. What's not to love?


Question: Why do you feel a sneeze coming but you never actually sneeze?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you feel a sneeze coming but you never actually sneeze?

What you feel when you "feel a sneeze coming on" are feelings that trigger the sneeze reflex. The feeling causes the sneeze. Sometimes whatever irritation is about to cause a sneeze isn't enough to actually cause a sneeze.


Question: Why does reading (or looking down at a phone screen) make you feel sick when you’re in passenger in a car, but not on other forms on transport?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does reading (or looking down at a phone screen) make you feel sick when you’re in passenger in a car, but not on other forms on transport?

Motion sickness is caused by a discrepancy between the signals being received by the brain from the eyes and the inner ear. When focusing on something inside of the vehicle your brain is receiving information that says you are not moving from your eyes while your inner ear is still picking up the movement of the car so one sense is saying you're stationary and one is saying you're moving and this causes the nasue. I'm not sure why nasue is the bodies response but it is. You may feel less motion sickness in planes or trains because the ride is probably smother and more consistent than a car so your inner ear isn't sending signals to your brain that you're moving that conflicts with the visual signals that you're not


Question: Do all liquids (for example glue, peanut butter) dry out at some point and why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do all liquids (for example glue, peanut butter) dry out at some point and why?

Some materials dry out, or lose water to vaporization, leaving the solute behind. Some liquids really don’t dry out complete due to colligative properties, the vapor point changes, or a liquid that was in the mixture that was not water and doesn’t boil at normal Earth conditions - think sticky coke spills that never seem to go away. Some materials are actually hygroscopic and absorb moisture from the air. Usually not a problem, but in Chemistry you have to account for the mass or remove it


Question: Why do darker colors absorb light more and brighter colors reflect?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do darker colors absorb light more and brighter colors reflect?

That’s because it’s the other way around, the color is based on “how much light is reflected” objects that don’t reflect light, are dark, and objects that reflect light perfectly are white, everything in between it depends on the wavelength of the light reflected. [Check this video]( URL_0 ) and ask yourself, is the color changing? Or it’s is it that there’s less light the deeper you go? If there’s no light/no reflection of light.... it’s going to be dark. See [Visible Spectrum in Wikipedia]( URL_1 )


Question: If atoms have a positive nucleus with electrons that orbit it, why don’t they collapse into themselves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If atoms have a positive nucleus with electrons that orbit it, why don’t they collapse into themselves?

There are many levels of understanding this. In the simplest terms, one can think of the electrons as spinning around the nucleus in circles. In the same way as you feel pressed outwards on a carousel, the electrons don’t want to stay on circles but move outwards. This outwards force is cancelled by the attraction between the positive nuclei and negative electrons (opposite charges attract) so the electrons stay on their circular path. In fancy physicist terms, the electric attraction acts as the centripetal force to keep the electrons in their orbits but is not so strong as to make the electrons fall into the nucleus. Look up the Rutherford model of the atom for more detail. If we want to be a bit more advanced (don’t worry if you don’t understand everything from here on, this is starting to get into university level physics), there is one problem with that description. We know from other fancy physics that when a charged particle moves in a circle, it loses energy and slows down, which would mean that the electron falls into the nucleus after all! The way we solve this problem is by saying that there are a certain group of distances between electron and nucleus where the electrons don’t lose energy after all, and the electrons are only ever allowed to be at these distances (this doesn’t seem like a good answer but it works well with the experiments - and since this idea we have gained a much better although much more complicated understanding of why some distances are special). These different distances have different energies, just as an object has a higher energy when we lift it up (which increases the distance between earth and the object). The electrons can jump between those distances (or ‘levels’ as physicists call them) and can emit or absorb light (they emit light when jumping down and need to absorb light when jumping up to higher energy levels - you can’t get more energy out of nothing). This is what happens in neon lights, the electrons in the atoms jump to levels with lower energies and we see the light they emit. Look up the Bohr model of the atom if you want more details or mathematics. If we want to get even more technical, we need some more hardcore quantum mechanics. Basically, the electrons aren’t really like billard balls but more like a diffuse electron mist, or electron cloud. The reason we often think of them as Billard balls is that when this cloud is very bunched up it looks like a solid ball from far away and it is easier to think and calculate with this image (even if it isn’t technically correct). The shape of this cloud that forms the electron (also called the save function of the electron) is determined by a certain equation, the Schrödinger equation (in fact, all matter and not just electrons work like this!). If we calculate the form of this cloud, we find that only certain energies are possible, for which the cloud has different form. And the distance where most of the cloud is turns out to be the Special distance that is allowed for the electron (nice when things work out). And none of these forms have any cloud right at the nucleus. If this last explanation feels a bit like “the maths says so, so it’s true”, that’s because it is - quantum mechanics is really weird and often the only insight one can get is to do the calculations and see that something must be true.


Question: Lately I've been seeing these attachments on the back of semi-trucks that are supposed to help the trailer be more aerodynamic. How do they help?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Lately I've been seeing these attachments on the back of semi-trucks that are supposed to help the trailer be more aerodynamic. How do they help?

Trailer fairings or [trailer tails]( URL_0 ) improve the aerodynamics of the truck by reducing the air's turbulence in the wake behind the truck. The more turbulent the air, the lower the pressure, and since low pressure is, in essence, pulling the truck backward it decreases fuel efficiency.


Question: What will happen to flash-based sites on 1/1/2021?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What will happen to flash-based sites on 1/1/2021?

No, the plugin will be removed from browsers/operating systems and any website still relying on it will not function properly


Question: Why are trucking weigh stations ALWAYS closed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are trucking weigh stations ALWAYS closed?

The goal of truck weighing stations is to prevent truckers from going over weight. However, they don't need to check *every* truck *every* time it uses the road to accomplish this goal. All they need to do is check enough trucks on enough trips that the risk of getting caught + penalties deters truckers from going over weight. It's no different from speed laws. You don't station a police car every mile to ensure no one ever speeds. You just have police catch enough random people so that most drivers don't speed (too much). Also remember that it costs a fair bit of money to have a truck weigh station open - it's not like station a police car by the road, you have to hire staff and keep the lights on. So the government wants to keep them open as little as possible. Truckers also want them open as little as possible because they slow their trips even when they're not over weight. With everyone involved not wanting them open, they err on the side of not being open.


Question: How Did Newton Discover His Law of Cooling?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How Did Newton Discover His Law of Cooling?

You need to remember that Newton was one of the creators of calculus & differential equations. Without going into too much detail, these are the branches of math dealing with things that continuously change & finding nice formulas for working with them. Newton's law of cooling, as stated, doesn't actually involve *e* - it says that *the rate of change* of temperature in a substance a any point in time is proportional to the difference between it and the environment. When you do the math to convert rates of change to simple formulas, you often end up with an *e* involved. So, it's not a matter of saying "this looks like something that needs *e*", he set up a complex math problem that, once you solved it, had *e* in the result.


Question: Meat from a butcher seems to be much more tender when cooked than meat from a supermarket. Is this an anecdotal happenstance or is there a reason for this?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Meat from a butcher seems to be much more tender when cooked than meat from a supermarket. Is this an anecdotal happenstance or is there a reason for this?

Butchers compete on quality and selection because they can't beat the supermarket on price. In the US, you won't find USDA Prime in a supermarket. In addition, the meat is usually carved on premises, often to order, whereas supermarket meat is often carved off sight. Meat goes bad more quickly after it has been carved.


Question: How does this happen without the water freezing before it’s pulled out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does this happen without the water freezing before it’s pulled out?

It looks like the water is supercooled. Ie it’s pure water that is below freezing temperature - when you cool water in this manner it won’t freeze until there is either an impurity for ice crystals to form around or if you shake the water (you can try this at home - buy a bottle of purified water and stick it in the freeezer for a few hours, carefully pull it out and it’ll likely still be liquid but will freeze if you shake it). When they dip the cherry in either ice crystals already on the cherry or the cherry itself provide a base for the ice crystals from the super cooled water to latch onto. The whole cup doesn’t freeze because forming ice releases heat energy into the surrounding environment (in the opposite process of how you need to add heat energy to ice to melt it), so the ice that does form warms the rest of the water to above freezing.


Question: Where the fuck is brown on the color wheel?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where the fuck is brown on the color wheel?

Look at the colours of a rainbow. Those are the colours naturally present in sunlight. There's no brown slice because brown is not a single part of the spectrum. Brown is a mixture of multiple colours. Pink is a mix of red and white.


Question: To grow mushrooms you need 100% cleanliness to avoid contamination, how do they grow in the wild?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 To grow mushrooms you need 100% cleanliness to avoid contamination, how do they grow in the wild?

It’s really easy to grow mushrooms..the reason everything needs to be sterile is so only the stuff you want to grow grows. Don’t want your mushrooms contaminated with other harmful fungi


Question: What are bitcoins? Why are there limited amount of bitcoins and how do you mine them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are bitcoins? Why are there limited amount of bitcoins and how do you mine them?

Bitcoins are a purely virtual currency. Normally if you were to take your debit card shopping, you would go to a couple stores, make transactions, and you could see those transactions on your banking ledger. You trust your bank to keep this data accurate. The idea with bit coin is that the ledger is not held by a single entity that needs infinite trust, but instead is held publicly. What makes this ledger work is a technology called blockchain. Essentially, every now and then, the ledger gets sealed so that nobody can make a past edit to it. This seal is mathematically based on the contents of the ledger, along with a field of data exclusively used to modify the calculations. The calculation is called a Hash Function, and essentially is a one way algorithm that turns some amount of data into a number of fixed length. Two very important properties of hash functions are that they are idempotent (Given the same input, they always return the same output), and they have avalanching changes (that is, if you make a small change on the input, it causes a huge change on the output). The goal of the sealing algorithm is to add some data in that extra field to make it so the ledger plus that field have a hash that ends with a certain amount of 0's. The only way to find the value for the field is to guess some random number, run the calculations, see if it works, and then if it doesn't, throw it away. When someone does guess the right number and stamps it on the end of the ledger to seal it and start a new segment, they are awarded with some amount of bitcoin. The process of guessing these numbers is referred to as mining, and it takes a HUGE amount of electricity, so the price of bitcoin is proportional to the price of electricity. In addition, the number of 0's required to seal the ledger is variable. If we get too good at guessing them, then the number of 0's needed can be increased. Overall, the entire process is incredibly environmentally unfriendly. Some studies from a few years back estimated that every single BitCoin transaction costs about 10 cents worth of electricity somewhere in the world.


Question: Why does glass break when transferred from hot to cold water, but not something like an egg?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does glass break when transferred from hot to cold water, but not something like an egg?

First, a plaque of glass is very solid and strong, an egg shell is very porous and bendable. Second, hot objects expands while cold objects contract. Because an egg shell is bendable and porous, it is able to deal with the internal stresses caused by the temperature difference. And because the glass is solid and strong, the internal stresses caused by the temperature difference can make it shatter.


Question: Why are health insurance premiums based on your income?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are health insurance premiums based on your income?

Because the health insurance plans were set up in a way that lower income people get/get more federal subsidies. The idea of the plan was to get everybody on health insurance, and to do that, everyone needs to be able to afford it.


Question: Are humans the only species that become aroused when viewing their own species have sex or are there other animals that experience similar things?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are humans the only species that become aroused when viewing their own species have sex or are there other animals that experience similar things?

I saw some study a while back in which apes were given tokens to trade for food or watch "porn" of their species. Most chose the porn. Edit: It was macaques not apes. Juice was the currency that they were using. [Here's an article.]( URL_0 ) They also "paid" to see photos of high status males.


Question: Why does our stomach start to have intense pain after not eating for a long time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does our stomach start to have intense pain after not eating for a long time?

The human body is amazing, if you don’t eat it knows you need energy and creates hunger pangs. These are contractions of the stomach as a reminder to eat. In the modern world it can also be boredom or a sugar craving due to poor diet.


Question: How did we come up with the concept of math and the symbols we use for it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did we come up with the concept of math and the symbols we use for it?

Math as we understand it is made up of 3 different things. 1. Humans can naturally count and track small quantities of things say 3-4 without external instruction. This concept appears to be built-in to our brains. 2. Memorization: I know the numbers are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10... and 2+2 = 4 because I have that memorized 3. Algorithms: This is the key part of math. We can count complex numbers and perform equations because we have developed methods for doing so and memorize those routines. Running through these routines we are able to count, add, subtract, multiply, divide etc. The basics of math probably were developed while we were an early farming culture. The need arose to track larger quantities of things, and as humans began to specialize in jobs, trade between people and families became an increasing important part of our daily lives. The development of currency either facilitated math, or was inspired by math. Different cultures developed different systems of numbering systems all based on the ability to track quantities of things. But today the Arabic numerals have become the defacto standard because of the ingenious concept of base 10 numbering making everything easier. While the Indian's were the first to create the mathematical concept of Zero. Before this people knew what 'nothing' was, but the Indians were the first to create a symbol and mathematical concept for it. Compared to performing math with Roman Numerals for example which is very complex and clumsy and has no zero. Geometry as we know it was developed in ancient Greece, likely as a method to understand engineering as we began to construct ever more complex structures. Isaac Newton is credited for creating calculus, although it's likely his work was at least partially inspired by someone else. He developed calculus to be able calculate and understand the orbits of planets. Boolean algebra and logic, which computers are based on, was developed by a mathematician named George Boole in the 19th century. It was purely an exercise in fun on his part, he was fascinated by the idea of using only 1's and 0's in math and developed an entire system to make it work. His contemporaries described his work as "interesting, but a shame that it is ultimately serves no value to society." Boole's work was taught in universities and early pioneers of computing realized that Bool's work basically defined how future computers would work without knowing it. Unfortunately he didn't live to see this happen.


Question: What is a banana republic?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a banana republic?

A "banana republic" refers to a politically-unstable country whose economy depends on a single, limited resource: in this case, bananas. The term was coined at the turn of the 20th century to describe Honduras and its neighbors while they were being exploited by US economic interests.


Question: Why is USB-C so much better than other connectors and why are so many enthusiasts obsessed with them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is USB-C so much better than other connectors and why are so many enthusiasts obsessed with them?

Basically, it's the "one connector to rule them all"...it does basically everything you need outside hardcore technical things. It does power, network, peripherals, multi-screen 4K video...all at once. If implemented properly. And unlike !#!#\^!\^ USB-A, it's reversible so you don't need to rotate it twice to get it to work. Once fully adopted, it should theoretically allow one connector for all devices and all needs in the consumer realm.


Question: Why will it not be economically feasible for the younger generations to receive social security by the time they are in their 60s?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why will it not be economically feasible for the younger generations to receive social security by the time they are in their 60s?

Not sure where this myth is coming from. Social Security payments will still be 79% of their current levels when the trust fund is depleted two decades from now. URL_0 The only real threat is if we have an aging population crisis like Japan is experiencing. Social Security is a bit of a pyramid scheme thats assumes that more young people will be there to pay into it than there old people to collect it


Question: Why do cold surfaces sometimes feel like they are wet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do cold surfaces sometimes feel like they are wet?

> Why do cold surfaces sometimes feel like they are wet? We don't really have "wetness" sensors in our skin, we have the ability to detect pressure on a very fine scale which yields a texture sense, and a temperature sensor *of our flesh*. That last bit is important because we infer the temperature of an object touched based on the rate of change in the temperature of our flesh. The higher the difference in temperature the faster the heat transfer, so if the object is very cold our flesh will cool faster than if it was only a little cold. As a result objects with high thermal conductivity such as metals appear to be colder than objects with low thermal conductivity such as wood even if they are actually the same temperature, simply because the metals carry the heat away faster. Water also carries heat away very efficiently and does not really have a texture so the brain can sometimes become confused about what combination of factors is at work on a given object only through touch. Is it cold and smooth or is it wet? With only texture and the rate of heat absorption to work with it isn't clear.


Question: Why can cameras record 4K-25fps, FHD-50fps but not 4K-50fps or more?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can cameras record 4K-25fps, FHD-50fps but not 4K-50fps or more?

> processing power, data size That's exactly it. Larger resolution and FPS require more processing power as well as more bandwidth to transfer the large amount of data to the camera's storage.


Question: why is 10^70 bits of information per square meter the maximum amount of storage possible? Isn't adding more info just changing the spin or something of subatomic particles?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is 10^70 bits of information per square meter the maximum amount of storage possible? Isn't adding more info just changing the spin or something of subatomic particles?

That's the number of bits that can be put in a cubic meter if your information density is the Planck length. It's impossible to have things smaller than this. It's much, much smaller than a sub-atomic particle (in the sense which sub-atomic particles have "width" which isn't precisely even true). [This good PBS page]( URL_0 ) goes into it in more detail.


Question: If the blood in our body is supposed to flow through our vessels why do we drop blood even if our skin is being slightly cut? And what layers of our organism (organs, tissues) should have some amount of blood to be considered internal bleeding?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the blood in our body is supposed to flow through our vessels why do we drop blood even if our skin is being slightly cut? And what layers of our organism (organs, tissues) should have some amount of blood to be considered internal bleeding?

Blood in your body flows from arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins. All basically have thick enough walls to keep things inside except capillaries. Capillaries are supposed to let things like oxygen go through their walls because capillaries are right under your skin and give nutrients and oxygen to surrounding tissue. When you cut your skin, the capillaries along with the blood they are carrying are right there. They arent deep, they are more towards the surface. As for your last question, I am not entirely sure what your question is asking but internal bleeding is when you are bleeding inside meaning blood is not staying in where it is supposed to be. Something has been ruptured.


Question: If mathematical pi is the ratio between a circles circumference and diameter how is it possible to calculate it to a great number of decimal places? How do we either measurement with a high enough level of accuracy to begin with?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If mathematical pi is the ratio between a circles circumference and diameter how is it possible to calculate it to a great number of decimal places? How do we either measurement with a high enough level of accuracy to begin with?

Here's one simple way to start seeing how you might do theoretical calculations to understand pi. Imagine a circle with a square drawn around it, so the width of the circle is the same as the width of the square. Then pi, the ratio of circumference/diameter, is going to be less than the ratio of perimeter/width of the square (because they have the same width, so the comparison of the perimeters tells you the comparison of the ratios). But you know the shape of a square, and you know that it's perimeter is exactly (theoretically) 4 times it's width. So pi is less than 4, and no actual circle measurement is required at all! Here's another basic one: imagine the same setup, but now add a hexagon inside the circle. Make it have equal-length sides and angles, so really it's made of six equilateral triangles all meeting at the center of the circle. The hexagon has the same width as the circle (measured between opposite corners of the hexagon), but the hexagon is "inside" the circle while the square is "outside". So the ratio of perimeter/width in the hexagon is going to be *less* than pi. Thinking about the hexagon, and the fact that it's made of six equilateral triangles, you will realize that the perimeter of a hexagon is six times the side of each triangle, so 3 times the width of the hexagon. This means that pi is bigger than 3. So this little thought experiment shows that pi is between 3 and 4. It's clever, but not sophisticated. More clever geometry, with more complicated shapes, will give you a tighter range and you'll find that pi is between 3.1 and 3.2. Then even more clever ideas will narrow it down further; things like this are how you can discover formulas for pi that don't depend on any actual circle measurement!


Question: What does it mean when a country like China devalues their currency (in this case the Yuan)? How does that mechanism work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean when a country like China devalues their currency (in this case the Yuan)? How does that mechanism work?

Imagine you started a country, Boilerville, and printed 100 Boilers Bucks. You do this because you stashed some a lump of gold somewhere, so each B.B. is worth 1/100 of the gold lump. People would start using that money for trade, investments, saving, etc. There might be times where people decide it’s a bad time to invest and your economy slows down as people hoard their money in savings. Why shouldn’t they? Each B.B. they have is 1/100 of the gold lump so there’s no harm in holding onto it, the value isn’t going anywhere. Eventually, the lack of investment starts to hurt your economy. As the ruler of Boilerville, you are under pressure that the economy isn’t growing because people aren’t investing. So you decide to release 10 extra B.B. without increasing the amount of gold you’ve stored. Suddenly, each B.B. is 1/110 a lump of gold and hoarding your B.B. is a bad strategy. So the hoarders decide to invest their money so they can at least have as much value as they might have lost. This is a gross oversimplification why most currencies are controlled to slowly devalue over time. Edit: this is gaining a lot of attention so I should bring some things up: “Devaluing” currency typically refers to international trade. Let’s expand my example and add another country Neighbortown with their currency Neighbor Nickels, which are also 1/100 a lump of gold. Devaluing can be good for a few reason: When we turn the value of a B.B. to 1/110, Neighbor Nickels haven’t changed value in terms of gold. Now one N.N. is worth more than a B.B. ...At first this seems like a bad idea for Boilerville, but it has other effects. The citizens of neighbortown now use their valuable money to buy things at a cheaper price in Boilerville. This helps the people of Boilerville because they’re doing more business. In economic terms, it raises Boilerville’s exports and Neighbortown’s imports. Let’s also say some businessmen of Boilerville borrowed money from their friends in neighbortown last week, before the devaluing. In their contract they said “give us 10 B.B. today so we can invest it and we’ll give you 11 B.B. next week with interest”. This seemed like a good idea to the neighbortown businessmen because they thought they’d make some money so they agreed. But, after the change, B.B.s went from 1/100 gold to 1/110 gold... and now the neighbortown businessmen got back the same amount of value they initially sent. By devaluing currency, debts shrink. Imports, exports, and debts are all very important in international trade.


Question: when I’m in a room singing along to loud music at what I think is roughly the same volume, why does someone on the other side of the closed door hear my voice more clearly than the music? Those Peloton commercials got me thinking about this...

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when I’m in a room singing along to loud music at what I think is roughly the same volume, why does someone on the other side of the closed door hear my voice more clearly than the music? Those Peloton commercials got me thinking about this...

Your brain doesn't render an accurate depiction of your own voice, and some internal ear mechanisms also exist to prevent damage when shouting. Also, your voice might be low pitched compared to the TV commercial, your wall may have attenuated the commercial more than your own voice.


Question: Why do things go darker when they get wet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do things go darker when they get wet?

Let’s think about this. Both surfaces you mention are very porous. And if you think about the ones that don’t get darker they are usually the ones that are very smooth like plastic or buffed steel. We know that the difference between dark and light things is the amount of light they reflect. So I’m thinking that in more porous materials, like terra cotta or unfinished wood, the holes fill in with water. This makes it so when the light hits that water, it penetrates the drops, bounces around inside the drop a bit (since we know water absorbs some light, which is why the ocean is blue), and releases only a partial amount of that light back into our eyes. Even a bit more light getting absorbed means the material will look darker. Thus darker material.


Question: How does the $1 store stay in business with inflation, rising wages, etc.? Wouldn't their margins be getting thinner and thinner every year?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the $1 store stay in business with inflation, rising wages, etc.? Wouldn't their margins be getting thinner and thinner every year?

Mostly by selling less. I can get aluminium foil for a dollar, but it is only 5 feet of foil. I can get a frozen meal for a dollar, but I have never even heard of the brand, and it is very small portion size. I can get a book for a dollar, but it is on that crappy paper they use in coloring books. They just sell shitty things.


Question: why is it easier to fall asleep in an uncomfortable position???

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is it easier to fall asleep in an uncomfortable position???

One possibility: while you are in a moving vehicle or on a couch, you manage to zone out more effectively than when you are in a bed, trying to fall asleep. If you're focused on falling asleep while you are in bed, then you'll have trouble falling asleep. (It's a paradox.) If you're just not focusing on anything and sitting there, sometimes your brain can shut off, making it easier to fall asleep. in this case it's not the comfort level, but how much is keeping you awake.


Question: How do promotional giveaways such as ‘Win $100,000 of Terry Bradshaw’s own money’ work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do promotional giveaways such as ‘Win $100,000 of Terry Bradshaw’s own money’ work?

In the game show "Win Ben Stein's Money" the money that Ben was defending was part of his pay for the show. At the end they subtracted the amount of money won by the contestants from the budget for the winnings and he got what was left over. Terry Bradshaw is obviously being paid for being a part of the promotion. In the end he's actually making money no matter how that $100,000 comes out and is accounted for


Question: What prevents a television show that no longer airs to sell its rights to Netflix or some other streaming service?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What prevents a television show that no longer airs to sell its rights to Netflix or some other streaming service?

It may be stuck in licensing purgatory, or someone else still owns the exclusive rights. In some cases it's no longer really clear exactly who owns what percentage of the content. TV shows use licensed music, have multiple actors on different contracts, and have various production houses, publishers, and distributors that may all need to agree on a deal depending on how their original contracts were worded. This can get cumbersome fast and shows that have multiple organizations with veto power over a new deal can get tied up in licensing talks for years. It's also possible that a single entity has already taken the steps to consolidate all that into a single deal and is working on their own service or simply is asking too much fron Netflix.


Question: Why does your stomach "drop" when you see something that scares you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does your stomach "drop" when you see something that scares you?

Pretty sure it's your adrenal response redirecting all the blood from your gut to your extremities so you can run away from a threat or fight it. This drop is that sudden blood pressure change.


Question: what is Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) ?

It's an old way for devices to talk to one another through wired connections, created by IBM and pretty much only used by IBM. At one point, there were a lot of competing standards (SCSI, Ethernet, Econet, Token Ring, LocalTalk, RS-232, IEEE 488), but most of these standards have died out, and most devices today talk to each other using Ethernet, or new standards like Wi-Fi (802.11) or ZigBee. SDLC lives on in a small niche of connecting industrial devices and sensors to their controllers, as part of the BITBUS standard.


Question: How does ball lightning form?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does ball lightning form?

> but has been recreated in lab settings Displays in labs have been made which produce a similar appearance but there is no explanation for how it might have occurred naturally. There is also a lack of evidence that ball lightning occurs at all so unfortunately there really isn't any answer to your question at this point.


Question: Why is it so hard to tab out or Alt-Tab out of most PC games?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so hard to tab out or Alt-Tab out of most PC games?

A lot of games sort of “take over” the hardware necessary to render graphics. This includes things like video memory that takes time to write with other data. To make an analogy it is like being told to prepare for a very complex, intensive task that requires gathering a lot of tools and instructions together. You set them all up, adjust them so they will work perfectly smoothly together for optimal efficiency, and then... You are told to change your setup to do something completely different. It would take time to switch it all back around.


Question: Why can’t you eat the ‘Do Not Eat’ bags?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can’t you eat the ‘Do Not Eat’ bags?

Because they're not food. It would be like eating the plastic packaging a candy bar came in.


Question: - Why are some sea foods cooked alive?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why are some sea foods cooked alive?

If you boil it alive it’s fresher. Banana fresh from the tree tastes better than Banana that was away from the tree for a long time.


Question: Why does most processed meat cost less than cheeses? (Specifically in European countries)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does most processed meat cost less than cheeses? (Specifically in European countries)

Most processed meats are made with portions of an animal that likely would be just thrown away. It also has cheap fillers thrown into there which makes them even less expensive. Cheese on the other hand is made with milk, which is not a throw away product. It also takes time to turn into cheese in most cases, it has to he aged to actually become cheese. I'm not referring to "American Cheese" which is basically just processed garbage.


Question: How fast can a quasar star spin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How fast can a quasar star spin?

The fastest millisecond pulsars are in the 1.5 milisecond (670 Hz) range. Assuming they're of typical size (~20 km in diameter) that gives you an equatorial speed around 43 million m/s. Pretty fast, but light is *300* million m/s. So how do you spin up a neutron star even faster? Pile more rotating mass! These milisecond pulsars gain their immense speed by sucking mass off another star and spiraling it down to the surface. This leeches the orbital and rotational momentum from the victim star and adds it to the pulsar. So what's the limit? The fastest we've ever seen is a 716 hz screamer, but in theory they can get a little faster. Once you approach 1000hz, the deformation of the pulsar is so bad that there's no real way to add mass and energy faster than you're consuming energy distorting the star and the space around it a thousand times a second. Add too much mass and the intensely powerful gravity overcomes light itself and the object becomes a stellar mass black hole instead. The rotation of black holes is not well understood. Also, standing on a pulsar is not recommended.


Question: how do long cars such as limousines get towed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do long cars such as limousines get towed?

You are allowed to exceed the legal length for emergencies. So a tow truck can tow long vehicles to get them out of the road and into the closest workshop. Care must be taken though as the turning radius will suffer. Usually it in enough to just plan the route a bit better and if you need to turn at an intersection it is possible to use more lanes to get a larger turning circle. A problem with limousines and other vehicles is that they are low to the ground and have a bit of an overhang. This means that when you lift one end the other end may go into the ground. This is something that the tow truck driver have to plan for and take into consideration when he is driving. It may be possible to change the height of the lift while he is driving so that he can more easily get over uneven roads. If the vehicle can not be towed then it is possible to load it onto a flatbed trailer for transport. In a lot of cases this is the only way to transport them. Vehicles that is too big to fit on a flatbed usually comes apart as they would have been for transport from the factory.


Question: Why is it easier to wake up when you actually want/need to do something?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it easier to wake up when you actually want/need to do something?

Sleep is controlled by serotonin, acetylcholine and noradrenaline amongst others. In this case, when you need to do something you have higher noradrenaline levels (sympathetic drive) and this causes you to be more awake. It's not to do with dopamine, as others have posted! Source: neuroscience student


Question: what exactly is 5G supposed to be and how is it different than 4G LTE?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what exactly is 5G supposed to be and how is it different than 4G LTE?

At the moment 5G is just a phrase and people do research on how to make things better then 4G. 5G is supposed to be better in any way then LTE. Faster, better energy efficiency, better range, use less bandwidth, etc. It's the next big thing in Communication and that's why there's lots of talk and research about it. But that's about it, still in developement and no facts yet. If there'd be a celebrity magazine for communication technology it would be filled with 5G and IoT at the moment. People love to read about those things and journalists really hype it up, so if you just add "for 5G" or "for IoT" to the end of your paper you'll have a lot more readers. Only the future will show how 5G will improve the techniques already in use by LTE. At the moment it looks to me like there aren't any big breakthroughs yet that will reinvent communications. So i'd say 5G will be just like LTE, but a little bit better. A lot more interesting to me is that they start to turn of 2G and or 3G to make space for 5G soon - that will have a rather big effect on lots of old phones and make them basically useless.


Question: Why do men start accumulating more stomach fat at around the same age range?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do men start accumulating more stomach fat at around the same age range?

Generally, as people get older they become less active and eat the same amount of calories or more and therefore gain weight. Men tend to gain more weight around the stomach than other areas as opposed to women who tend to put on more weight on their legs etc. While, there is some decrease in metabolism with age, its fairly small. The main culprit is lack of activity compared to youth.


Question: At what point does a knife become a sword?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 At what point does a knife become a sword?

The transitions are a bit muddy and have shifted through history but a dagger is a double edged knife, a dirk is a dagger that is 6"-12" and a short sword is 1'-2' in length. Then you have numerous kinds of longer swords. But the answer to your question is 1'.


Question: Why do babies/toddlers/kids have to have naps as opposed to getting all their sleep at once?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do babies/toddlers/kids have to have naps as opposed to getting all their sleep at once?

Babies are building their bodies at a much faster rate than older kids. Every new cell requires a small amount of energy. Babies consume a lot of energy, so they need to rest more often.


Question: Why do video ads always play instantly in HD, but the actual video after takes forever to load and looks crap?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do video ads always play instantly in HD, but the actual video after takes forever to load and looks crap?

Often, ads and content are hosted on different servers, and may use different compression, and even different video players. It's hard to give an absolute reason as I dispute the premise that this is always the case. Figuring out why it's behaving this way is always going to be based on the specifics of how a particular site or application has implemented their video player.


Question: Why is irritability a common symptom of depression?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is irritability a common symptom of depression?

I'm not a professional but I'd imagine it's because you're already dedicating so much energy to deal with stress caused by internal conflict that you cannot properly manage external sources of stress. I believe it's also why those suffering from depression also have trouble with memory.


Question: How do they make flavor into a powder (Like Kool-aid)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do they make flavor into a powder (Like Kool-aid)?

Sweet sugar and sour citric acid naturally form crystals, so they're easily crushed into powder as the base of the drink mix. That's mixed with different [artificial flavor chemicals]( URL_0 ) that have strong, vaguely fruity smells. It doesn't take much -- a very small amount of these chemicals can make strong flavors/scents. Edit: food dyes are added because human taste perception is greatly affected by color -- an effect rooted deeply in human sensation and perception.


Question: Why is it that I start coughing when using cotton buds to rinse my ears?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that I start coughing when using cotton buds to rinse my ears?

Your ears, nose and throat are all connected. Hence why ENT is a specific discipline for doctors.


Question: How does steel affect a MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging, while using it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does steel affect a MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging, while using it?

The key word is *magnetic* resonance imaging. There's a giant magnet spinning around the machine. If you bring a steel anything anywhere near an MRI machine, it'll get pulled towards the magnet, slamming into the machine's outer case with incredible force. If you're between the steel thing and the machine, you're not going to have a good day. The force of the object slamming into the machine is also likely to damage the machine leading to a rather expensive repair.