Question: How can data be recovered from hard drives even after multiple wipes? From my understanding when you wipe a drive you're resetting all the ones and zeros so do drives somehow remember their old data?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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 How can data be recovered from hard drives even after multiple wipes? From my understanding when you wipe a drive you're resetting all the ones and zeros so do drives somehow remember their old data?

If you overwrite the disk once, nothing remains. If you just format the drive, all it does is overwrite the beginning of the drive, which tells operating system what file system is being used, where them files at etc. All the files and their data is still there, but the index that described where to find them is lost. Still, if you were to actually browse through the disk, you'd still be able to figure out what files there were. Overwriting a 1TB disk requires you to write 1TB of data. Most disks only write like 100MB/s, so you'd have to spene 10,000 seconds, or 3 hours, overwriting things. Most users would never bother with that. Deleting files works similarly. Afaik no commonly used operating system actually overwrites the file upon deletion, they only remove it from the address book and mark that area as free space available for new files.


Question: (how) Do the veins in our palms or traps not get damaged/crushed when we hold a heavy barbell or place one on our backs? All that weight in pushing down on them, right?

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 (how) Do the veins in our palms or traps not get damaged/crushed when we hold a heavy barbell or place one on our backs? All that weight in pushing down on them, right?

because they are elastic. You can squash and bend them and they will deform and return to their original shape when you release the pressure.


Question: Standards for measurement units (time, length, etc) have developed so that they become more accurate than the one made before. But how can people find out that their new standards is more accurate than the one before if that was the standard?

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 Standards for measurement units (time, length, etc) have developed so that they become more accurate than the one made before. But how can people find out that their new standards is more accurate than the one before if that was the standard?

It isn't that they are more *accurate* but that they are more *precise* in the sense that they: A) define a standard of measure to a greater degree of precision (more significant digits); and B) are based more firmly in fundamental constants (such as the speed of light).


Question: What is taking/has taken so long to legalize medicinal marijuana?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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 What is taking/has taken so long to legalize medicinal marijuana?

It is an ingrained drug fear in the people in charge. There is also the fact that while states have been able to legalize it on local levels. Marijuana is still a federally illegal controlled substance. All weed places nation wide have to deal in primarily cash because you can't put drug money in a bank account or it is money laundering. The 'system' is trying to figure out how to rewrite all of their federal drug codes, and deal with the contemplation that everyone still in jail for marijuana only related charges, might technically need to be set free. And if they need to be set free, that means the government admits they were wrong, to the faces of all the people they jailed for no good reason. Which doesn't sound very likely.


Question: What causes songs to get stuck in your head?

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 What causes songs to get stuck in your head?

I've read that it is because we sing in our heads a part of the song, which is not finished. But our brain likes to finish stuff so you just keep singing it.


Question: How do RGB lights work? Like light bulbs use a colored glass to make the color different.

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 How do RGB lights work? Like light bulbs use a colored glass to make the color different.

No, they aren't coloured glass. LEDs inherently release light of a single colour. A red LED is actually red. A green LED is actually green. There is no filtering glass. A white LED doesn't actually exist. A white LED light is a blue LED with a coating of phosphors that absorb some of the blue and release reds and greens. Still not the same thing as a coloured glass filter. RBG lights have red, green, blue LEDs. Most colours can be made from a combination of those three. Yellow for example works from green and red in combination. It looks the same to your eyes as true yellow light (say in a rainbow).


Question: If the winter solstice is the longest night of the year, why does it mark the beginning of winter, rather than the very middle of it?

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 If the winter solstice is the longest night of the year, why does it mark the beginning of winter, rather than the very middle of it?

The temperature of any given day has a bit to do with the sun, and a lot to do with the temperature of the land and sea. The earth is constantly radiating heat, and the shortest day is when it will absorb the least heat from the sun - but it still has a lot of heat left over from autumn. Over the next couple of months, although the energy being absorbed from the sun is more than the day before, it is still less than is given off each day. So every day, the land and sea (and thus the climate of that hemisphere) gets colder and more wintery. The balance doesn't shift until the hemisphere is absorbing more energy each day from sunlight than it is radiating, which is around the time that day and night are equal lengths (i.e. the vernal equinox). So, the coldest months are between the winter solstice and the vernal equinox.


Question: What exactly IS a yawn?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 What exactly IS a yawn?

A yawn is a coordinated movement of the thoracic muscles in the chest, diaphragm, larynx in the throat, and palate in the mouth. By yawning, we help distribute surfactant (wetting agent) to coat the alveoli (tiny air sacs) in the lungs. Generally speaking, we cannot yawn on command. It is theorized that yawning is a semi-voluntary action and partly a reflex controlled by neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus of the brain.


Question: How did Einsteins theory explained the orbit of Mercury?

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 How did Einsteins theory explained the orbit of Mercury?

Mercury's orbit around the sun isn't a perfect circle. It's actually an oval. This oval isn't centered perfectly on the sun either. During part of its orbit Mercury will get close to the sun and then farther away at the other end of its orbit. Then, just to make it even more complicated, the orientation of this orbit slowly shifts. [This picture]( URL_0 ) makes it a bit clearer than my words. The speed at which the orbit wobbles around the sun is faster than Newton's law of gravity would predict. We observed that it moved twice as fast as predicted. Einstein's general relativity predicted that the sun, as it spins, would drag the fabric of space-time along with it. It turns out that this effect exactly accounted for the increased speed of the wobble in Mercury's orbit.


Question: How does national debt work? And if the debt is astronomically high, is it commonplace for a strategy to be followed to pay it off or is the expectation that it'll never actually be paid back?

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 How does national debt work? And if the debt is astronomically high, is it commonplace for a strategy to be followed to pay it off or is the expectation that it'll never actually be paid back?

The national debt is generally composed of bonds, agreements to pay back a certain amount of money at a certain time in the future. Note the limitations here: A bond holder cannot choose to "call in the debt" sooner than the date the bond matures, so fear mongering about foreign countries demanding payment all at once are baseless. The government is expected to pay off bonds as they become due, and for the US there is no trouble in doing this. Paying off all outstanding bonds immediately or in short order is impossible for several reasons; the money isn't available but also the agreements don't allow it. But that is all ignoring the fact that the government *doesn’t want to do that.* Borrowing money in a comfortable, sustainable way is desirable. Have you ever heard the phrase "You have to spend money to make money"? Controlling wealth is beneficial in that it allows you to produce more wealth from it. A business for example might borrow money to open a new store and do business, making enough profit to cover the loan and its interest with extra left over. In a similar way the government can use its control over greater amounts of wealth to generate more income in the future, benefitting from offering bonds to whoever wishes to purchase them. For the US those government bonds are seen as essentially zero risk and the interest rates required to sell them are extremely low. That means the cost of debt for the government is extremely low and the reasonable debt burden is quite high. While a private citizen might desire to become debt free in their personal finances that goal simply is not shared by most businesses or the government.


Question: How does a sound stimulate the brain?

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 How does a sound stimulate the brain?

Brown noise helps you focus by removing auditory distractions. Its the same idea as closing your eyes to help you hear or smell better. Brown noise works better than simply blocking out sound with earplugs because our hearing become more sensitive when it's quiet. In a completely silent room where you can "hear a pin drop", the faintest of sounds (e.g. the aforementioned pin) will stick out. Your brain needs to assess all of these faint sounds to ensure they aren't important (a threat, your name being called, etc.). If you are listening to brown noise, you can't hear anything other than the brown noise, so there are no other sounds for your brain to assess. Furthermore, your brain determined the brown noise was unimportant and could be ignored within a few seconds of turning it on, so with no new sounds to interpret, you've done the auditory equivalent of closing your eyes. If you're looking for a bit more science, we can talk about brain regions. Although there are specialized areas for different types of sensory processing (occipital lobe for visual stimuli, the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe for auditory stimuli), this information still travels to the frontal cortex to be consciously assessed. Brown noise allows the primary auditory cortex to stop bugging your frontal cortex with dumb messages like "HEY! A DOOR JUST OPENED! DO WE CARE?" and lets it focus on important things, like the exam I should be studying for right now. **TL;DR listening to brown noise is the auditory equivalent of closing your eyes to focus**


Question: If a certain result has a 1/x chance to occur per action, on average which iteration will it first occur on?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 If a certain result has a 1/x chance to occur per action, on average which iteration will it first occur on?

What you're asking about is the [expected value]( URL_2 ) of a [geometric distribution]( URL_1 ). And yes, the expected value of a geometric distribution with probability of 1/X is X. You correctly note that the probability of it not happening at that point is less than 50%, but the way the expected value works, is it's weighted by both the probability, and the value. There is a small but non-zero probability of getting 10000*X. Since the lowest possible outcome is 1, the right side is much larger than the left side. This is described by a property called [skewness]( URL_0 ).


Question: What makes the molecules of certain objects passive to other molecules of other objects?

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 What makes the molecules of certain objects passive to other molecules of other objects?

Collision theory. In order for molecules to react: 1. They must be collide. Basically they must bang into each other 2. They must collide with the correct geometry. Think of it like if you had to pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, and basically they can't join if they don't have the correct direction or orientation. 3. They must have energy greater or equal to the activation energy. Basically there's an energy barrier and if they collide, and with the correct geometry, nothing will happen if they don't have enough energy to 'react' Also in your case, many molecules don't react with each other because they are already stable. Basically they don't need to react because they are happy how they are. One of the fundamental ideas behind reactions between molecules is they try to react and do all kinds of crazy shit to be more stable than they were before. Another reason is the phase of your molecules. A good example is an acid and a metal. If you have acid in the form of a solution and place a piece of metal in it, most likely it will start corroding the metal. However, if the acid was dry, and there was a vaccuum such that no water vapour was present, there will be no reaction. It's one of the cool things about acid/base reactions is that water is needed.


Question: Why does music feel sped up when you’re tired?

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 Why does music feel sped up when you’re tired?

In the morning, or right after you wake up, your brain is still waking up and preparing for the day. Because your mind is processing stuff slower the music feels like it’s going faster even when it’s at regular tempo. When your brain is awake, it is processing and aware of most of your surroundings which allows you to process the song at the regular tempo


Question: Why when you get sunburnt is drinking a lot of water a huge importance?

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 Why when you get sunburnt is drinking a lot of water a huge importance?

Basically sunburn is inflamed skin and its going through the healing process. Our body uses water as a transport mechanism to provide nutrients and remove waste products. Sun burnt skin needs to be replenished with nutrients and have the injured skin bi products removed. More water means more transport and removal of this critical healing process.


Question: Why does heated frothed milk taste better than heated non-frothed milk?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why does heated frothed milk taste better than heated non-frothed milk?

When you heat something, the molecules diffuse faster and you are able to taste a more upfront flavor. When you aerate something you also develop more subtle flavors Same reason why someone swirls their wine - to add air and increase area (the wine clinging to the inside of the glass increases surface area). In relation to this, the addition of heat creates a better flavor profile by increasing surface area from the air as well as develop flavor from it with the heat diffusing more flavor molecules ata faster rate. In contrast to this, if you freeze something, the flavor profile is muted from the freeze and the density makes it difficult to open up.


Question: What does it mean to “control the narrative”? The term is consistently used in the public relations area.

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What does it mean to “control the narrative”? The term is consistently used in the public relations area.

The 'narrative' is the story we shape around events. Consider the story of Robin Hood. You probably think Robin Hood is the hero, Richard the Lionhearted was a noble king and the Sheriff of Nottingham serving John were the bad guys. But that's just one narrative. In another one, Richard the Lionhearted was a bit of an idiot who frittered away the kingdom's wealth and left John stuck holding the bag. Robin Hood was really just a criminal who less 'gave to the poor' than 'gave to himself'. The Sheriff was merely an honest civil servant doing his duty. We tend to think of good guys vs. bad guys, but life is rarely this simple. In most cases, it's actually good guys vs. good guys - with different people having different good intentions that simply happen to conflict. By telling the stories of one side in a way that makes them look like the heroes while their opposition looks like the villains, we are creating a 'narrative' - a fantasy story with elements drawn from reality that nonetheless leaves out important context.


Question: if I buy a game from a company that went out of business, where does the money go?

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[Your final answer goes here]
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 if I buy a game from a company that went out of business, where does the money go?

Depends on how you buy it. If you buy it from a physical store, the money just stays with that store. They already paid for the game (either before the company went out of business, or to a distributor who was liquidating inventory during the bankruptcy). After that point, any sales stay with the store (just like most other retail). If it is online, odds are that _someone_ bought the rights to distribute the game during bankruptcy. IP rarely just gets released - someone is going to be willing to buy the rights to the finished product for a small amount of money and resell it for as long as they are able.


Question: How does an A.C motor work?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How does an A.C motor work?

Mehdi Saghadar - Electroboom channel does a few videos teaching about AC. Assuming you know how AC works, skip to the 8 minute 10 second mark and watch Mehdi do his thing. URL_0 Otherwise watch 'em all. He goes into shockingly funny detail about how things work.


Question: Why do things which are typically non-fragile shatter easily when frozen way past 0 degrees C?

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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do things which are typically non-fragile shatter easily when frozen way past 0 degrees C?

Let's take for example steel. Strong and not easily broken. If we hit it really hard with a hammer the kinetic energy will cause vibrations throughout the steel. This is because even though the molecular bonds are very strong they are still able to move so when that hammer hits the kinetic energy is easily passed along going from molecule to molecule to molecule. If however we put the steel under intense cold the molecules now are more ridged and unable to move as well. This makes it so that the molecules absorb more kinetic energy rather than passing it along. When this happens the absorbed kinetic energy can be strong enough to break those strong bonds


Question: What would happen to airplanes in the air if a massive natural disaster happened on the ground?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen to airplanes in the air if a massive natural disaster happened on the ground?

In the case where power grids are disrupted on the ground, many ATC towers have emergency generators and battery powered radios that they would use to guide airplanes safely to the ground until such time as electricity is restored.


Question: How are fetal genetic abnormalities detected from cfDNA?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are fetal genetic abnormalities detected from cfDNA?

Because of the pregnancy, you have some of the fetuses genetic material circulating in your blood. The screening test takes a small sample of your blood and screens for these abnormalities (Trisomy 21, 18, & 13). The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has a really good [chart]( URL_0 ) that my OB gave me that lays it out nicely, too.


Question: What's going on in Mexico right now with the raising of gas prices and other amenities? Why are people looting stores and pissed off?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's going on in Mexico right now with the raising of gas prices and other amenities? Why are people looting stores and pissed off?

Well basically Pemex raised the rate to rougly 16 pesos per litre. That's roughly $1.30 Canadian. But the minimum wage remains around 80 pesos/day. So people are looting in rebellion, but also to get the stuff they need. But there's been some speculation that the government is arranging the lootings


Question: - In the US, what is the difference between a state and a commonwealth?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - In the US, what is the difference between a state and a commonwealth?

Essentially nothing beyond "what do we call this thing on official paper." There are not distinct rights or legal differences between states and commonwealths in the US.


Question: Why do scrambled eggs, omelettes, etc. go bad so quickly at room temperature, while baked goods with eggs in them do not?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do scrambled eggs, omelettes, etc. go bad so quickly at room temperature, while baked goods with eggs in them do not?

Cooked food left in room temp goes bad fast because bacteria grows rapidly and the food can become unsafe to eat. Eggs (in shells) can last for long outside and they aren't refrigerated in a lot of countries. When you crack open the egg, the protective layer is lost and bacteria can easily grow on it. When you use eggs to bake anything, the structure is changed. As soon as bread has been baked it slowly begins a process called retrogration where the starch molecules begin to dry out or crystallize. Bacteria's growth is hampered in dry conditions so baked goods can last for a couple days outside.


Question: Why did older CRT monitors for computers typically work in a black background with green text?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did older CRT monitors for computers typically work in a black background with green text?

[Green P1 phosphors ]( URL_0 ) had long persistence (decay time). Amber P3 was medium persistence. White P4 was faster. Longer persistence meant your video could be at a lower frame rate without flicker. Nobody was watching videos or playing fast games, so it didn't really matter.


Question: Why is a frontal collision between two cars going 50km/h equivalent to driving against a wall at 50km/h? And how does this affect a collision between two cars driving at different speeds, for example one car at 30km/h and the other one at 70km/h?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is a frontal collision between two cars going 50km/h equivalent to driving against a wall at 50km/h? And how does this affect a collision between two cars driving at different speeds, for example one car at 30km/h and the other one at 70km/h?

ITT: people don't understand inelastic collisions and conservation of momentum. To you, in the 50mph car, you experience any acceleration that drops you from 50mph forward to 0mph pretty quick. That's the crash. This happens with two cars of equal speed because the overall momentum (assuming equal mass cars) is 0; half is forward, half is backwards, and the total is zero, so with momentum conserved it stays zero and both cars stop. With a wall, we're assuming the wall is fixed and immovable, so you go from moving forward to stopping and the wall just soaks up all that momentum, dissipating it into the ground, etc. But to your perspective, it's the "same" as crashing into a car and stopping. You went from forward at 50 to stopped (this still works with inertial reference frame relativity, but we're keeping it simple for now and I don't wanna type everything twice). For collisions at unequal speeds, or unequal masses, you can "convert" the impact by doing the relevant conservation equations and seeing how fast they end up going, which is very quickly more complicated because they are inelastic collisions and therefore don't have conservation of energy as we usually know it; lots of energy goes into the loud crash sound, the deformation of the crumple zones, etc. Still conserved, nearly impossible to account for precisely. But the momentum at least still works as expected, and hopefully none of the parts fly off. Assuming two cars of mass m, head-on collision that stays in a straight line, and the two cars stick together 70m + (-30m) = x(2m), So the final speed is about 20mph forward, and the driver of the 70 experiences an acceleration of -50mph/(the time of the collision). Essentially, the exact same as the 50 into 50, or 50 into a wall.


Question: Why do treasury Bond yields have such a profound impact on the equity market?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do treasury Bond yields have such a profound impact on the equity market?

Let's start things simple. Bonds are debt instruments, meaning every time you buy one somebody owes you the total money you gave them plus interest. That interest rate is set by the central bank. So when you owed by someone lets say $100 and you will get paid 5% for it ($5) until the debt expires the value of your investment is basically worth $100 + $5 = $105. If you then decide to sell that bond before it expires you should theoretically receive an amount around $105. IF the central bank changes the interest rates, by let's say reducing it from 5% to 3%, then the bond you hold pays more than what the NEW bonds will pay. Therefore your bond must worth more to offer the same % returns as the new bond. The same works if the interest rates are increased, then the $105 dollar bond should decrease in value to match the returns of the new bonds that pay better. HOW DOES THAT AFFECT THE STOCK MARKET: FOR MANY years countries around the world have been reducing interest rates essentially to zero as a way to battle the 2008 GFC. There are two things you must consider: First is, if interest rates are going up after all these years, the new bonds are more attractive than the older ones, therefore making investors that like safer investments to buy them instead of stocks. Second, when interest rates go up that indicates few things such as that the inflation is increasing and that the cost of debt will now increase, meaning that companies that borrowed money will now have to pay more for their debt as well as seeing increased costs caused by inflation resulting in their profits to drop and as a result of the stock prices to decrease.


Question: How do seat belts work?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do seat belts work?

There's a centrifugal clutch in the reel. You know those fairground rides where you're stuck to the inside of a spinning cylinder by centrifugal force? It's the same idea. The clutch consists of metal arms inside the reel spindle. When the reel spins quickly, the arms are pushed outwards and stop it spinning. If you pull it slowly, there isn't enough centrifugal force to move the arms, so the reel spins freely.


Question: How can something not particularly flammable, like wax or vegetable oil, act as an easy burning fuel for a candle or lantern?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can something not particularly flammable, like wax or vegetable oil, act as an easy burning fuel for a candle or lantern?

**TL;DR**: *By concentrating things using a wick so that a tiny bit of oil continuously gets fed into a tiny space where it gets a whole lot of heat.* It takes a LOT of energy to heat up a big pool of oil to a burning point... but it takes a great deal less energy to heat up a little tiny droplet enough so that it turns into gas that can easily burn. To see this, flick a few droplets of tap water onto a hot pan on the stove - they vanish into steam almost instantly - but pour a glassful in instead and you get a big mass of stuff boiling that takes a long time to boil away. When you introduce the magic known as a "wick" to a pool of oil and then light its end, you give a very small, highly heated section of fabric that uses capillary action - the same physical property that allows trees to get water all the way up to their leaves - to soak a tiny bit of oil out of that big pool. That tiny bit of oil travels up the wick and turns to gas at the tiny space near the top part of the wick, because it's so small and the flame is so hot. Lots of heat, tiny amount of oil, and air for oxygen too. So that little bit of oil burns and disappears, and capillary action to keep the end of that wick wet sucks more oil up, which burns, and so on. Lather, rinse, repeat cycle, always soaking up a tiny bit of oil over and over again until the oil is gone. (Exact same process applies to candles too, except their wax is solid and has to melt first). By concentrating all the heat but very little oil in a small space, and providing it some air, and then using that wick to soak up a continuous flow of tiny bits of oil to the same area, you get all the ingredients necessary for a long-lasting flame.


Question: How did Chris Pratt do the magic trick? (Link in description)

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did Chris Pratt do the magic trick? (Link in description)

I watched it and figured it out. At 50 second mark he fans through the deck, he's looking at the top cards. He even slows down so he can see the top 3 cards. He then does a few semi false shuffles. The top of the deck is never mixed with the rest and always remains on top. When he splits the deck into 3 piles, the top is put in the middle and that is where he directs the other guy to take his card from. He already knows he is picking the Ace of hearts, the rest is just showmanship and entertainment. Shuffling doesn't change anything. After Chris looks through the deck to find the Ace, he moves it to the near bottom of the deck. Probably an even position such as 6th from the bottom. Take note of the card burning. He reveals a card, it's not correct do he deals it to the table and burns a card. The burning is to hind the fact that the card dealt to the table at least once didn't come from the bottom of the deck so the A is now on the table. The showing of the 4 cards on the table, he shows a card, the 3 of clubs, false deals the Ace onto the table again, and burns the 3 back to the top of the deck. He shows another card. Then the last 2 cards at the same time to help hide that we already saw that 3 earlier. The last bit is him placing the bottom card firmly in his hand with the top 3 cards loose on top. Slap away the 3 cards and look cool.


Question: I have smart LED lightbulbs that can change into a dozen different colors. How’s does that work?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I have smart LED lightbulbs that can change into a dozen different colors. How’s does that work?

There are 4 leds inside the light. A red, green, blue, and white one. When you select a color, the rgb leds are lit to varying degrees to give off the color selected. Red and blue will be brighter for purple for instance.


Question: Why do you get really thirsty after eating chocolate/sweets?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you get really thirsty after eating chocolate/sweets?

Your body uses tons of water to regulate blood sugar. This is also why a night of binging on candy will make you «hung over» the next morning, you are really dehydrated


Question: How is it possible for a camera to work so fast that it can capture light in slow-mo?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How is it possible for a camera to work so fast that it can capture light in slow-mo?

If you are talking about the video of a light pulse traveling through a bottle of water then what you saw isn't really a single light pulse in slow motion. It was done by taking several pictures at different times using multiple light pulses and then they put the pictures together to form a video.


Question: If an exoplanet like Kepler 442b, the most likely to be habitable exoplanet, has a mass 2.34x that of earth, would the gravity of the planet be 2.34x that of earth as well? Also, how would this affect humans if they were to travel there?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If an exoplanet like Kepler 442b, the most likely to be habitable exoplanet, has a mass 2.34x that of earth, would the gravity of the planet be 2.34x that of earth as well? Also, how would this affect humans if they were to travel there?

Depends on the size of the planet. Gravity increases proportionately with mass but inversely proportionately with the square of the distance. Consider the Moon. The mass is 0.0123x Earth, but its (equatorial) radius is 0.2725x Earth. Combining these gives us: (0.0123/0.2725^(2)) = 0.1656... which is around 1/6th the gravity of Earth, which is what we observe. So, if Kepler 442b was simply 2.34 the mass of Earth but also the same size then, yes, it would be 2.34x the gravity of Earth. But it's radius is 1.34x Earth which gives us: (2.34/1.34^(2)) = 1.3032... so it is about 30% more gravity than Earth.


Question: how do we sometimes just know that we made the shot/whatever before it happens?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do we sometimes just know that we made the shot/whatever before it happens?

Selective reinforcement. We often know we made the shot when we didn’t, but we don’t remember all the times we got it wrong.


Question: Why are some drug withdrawals deadly while others are not?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some drug withdrawals deadly while others are not?

I'll try to make it simple, alcohol and benzos act as depressant of the central nervous system : it calms down the neurons firing and that's why it has a soothing effect. What happens is that they act on a receptor present on neurons called GABA-A receptor. Chronically, if you take benzos or alcohol at a very high frequency for a long time, the GABA-A receptors will slowly get reduced in order to adapt the body response to the chronic use of benzos/alcohol. When this happened, the number of GABA-A receptor will be so low, that when the person stop drinking or stop taking their benzos, the central nervous system will fire up full force and provoke seizure that could be deadly. It takes several days/weeks for the numbers of receptors to go back to normal and that's why you usually stop progressively your benzo medication and stop drinking alcohol by using benzos and reducing the dosage over a few weeks. The same mechanism happen for other drugs such as nicotine with nicotine receptors except that nicotine receptors are not as important in maintaing the general activity of the central nervous system like GABA-A does. So withdrawal will affect the brain but will induce discomfort and not seizures.


Question: How can physicists determine the distance of a distant galaxy, billions of light years away, when space time is warped? (ie. light coming from these distant galaxies is bent throughout its path to Earth)

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can physicists determine the distance of a distant galaxy, billions of light years away, when space time is warped? (ie. light coming from these distant galaxies is bent throughout its path to Earth)

There are a lot of different methods astronomers use to measure distance of very distant things. The short answer is that light doesn't bend much at all when going through empty space, so they just have to pay attention to where it does bend and they can figure out how it traveled. The longer answer is outside the scope of ELI5. But if you're curious, look into the distance ladder. Basically, knowing more about closer stuff can help us compare them to farther away stuff, and we keep building that up like a ladder.


Question: How does your brain 'realize' that you're home?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does your brain 'realize' that you're home?

Selection bias, how many times do you wake up half way through the trip and just go back to sleep? How many times do you wake up and stay awake but discount this experience? How many times does your dad slam on the brakes turning into your street just for a laugh? Basically you are only counting the times you wake up near home as an event while discounting all the other events.


Question: Why does a coil of wire work, since the wire is touching?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a coil of wire work, since the wire is touching?

If you mean copper coil like that of an inductor then there is a very thin insulator (non-conductive) coating on the wire. This prevents the coils from shorting together.


Question: Why is time considered to be the fourth dimension?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is time considered to be the fourth dimension?

"Meet me at a restaurant" gives a location in 3 dimensions. However if I don't also include the time then you won't find me there. You need to know the place and time to be able to meet somewhere.


Question: Why can a basketball bounce be heard so far away?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can a basketball bounce be heard so far away?

the physics is similar to drumming—it’s basically a spherical acoustic resonator..."basketball sound" is actually a complaint among drummers URL_0


Question: Why is an If Then statement True if the first variable is false in the first place?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is an If Then statement True if the first variable is false in the first place?

Tl;Dr. Unless P is true Q can do whatever it wants. Slightly more detail If P then Q is telling you than *if* P is True Q *must* be true. But doesn't tell you anything about the state of Q if P is false. Here's a real life example: If It's Tuesday then we eat tacos. That means every Tuesday you have to eat tacos. But nothing here said you cant *also* have tacos on Friday.


Question: What is HDR and how much of a difference does it makes with SDR on smartphones or TVs for that matter?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is HDR and how much of a difference does it makes with SDR on smartphones or TVs for that matter?

HDR is basically a video and image format change that adds a lot of colors, its supposed to give a more vibrant and real-life like colors in an image or video. Many people regard the addition of HDR into video as much more impactful than the eventual transition to 4K, which has been oversold because to general consumers its easier to understand 4K, while HDR just adding "more colors" doesn't sound as interesting. Does it make a difference? Under certain viewing conditions and video/picture formats, yes HDR produces a better overall picture than non-HDR. However, these are specific conditions, if those conditions are not met, the difference is nothing


Question: If panic attacks contract muscles, which lead to unwanted chest pain and other ghost pains, would muscle relaxants be a viable counter to panic attacks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If panic attacks contract muscles, which lead to unwanted chest pain and other ghost pains, would muscle relaxants be a viable counter to panic attacks?

They’d probably only help with some of the physical symptoms. Even then, they take a little while to kick in, while panic attacks can have very different lengths. Benzos are better since they relax both the mind and the body, instead of just the body, and also take effect quicker (depending on the specific medication, of course). Source: have had severe panic episodes and have taken both kinds of meds


Question: Why are highway miles preferred over city miles when it comes to buying/selling used cars?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are highway miles preferred over city miles when it comes to buying/selling used cars?

Highway miles are easier on the car. It's driving at a constant sped, no stop-and-go traffic, with constant airflow through the cooling system keeping this engine cool. City driving is constant stopping and starting, constantly varying speeds (which means constantly shifting gears) with periods of idling in the mix where airflow through the cooling system is limited, allowing the engine temperature to fluctuate. All of this adds up to increased wear and year on the engine, drivetrains, breaks, etc.


Question: what "micellar water" is - isn't it just a racket?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what "micellar water" is - isn't it just a racket?

Its liquid soap that doesn't have any thickeners in it so that it has more of a watery consistency than the gel consistency that liquid soap normally has. The name itself doesn't mean anything. Its just a rebrand of watery liquid soaps that have existed for a long time.


Question: Uranium-234 has a half-life of 246,000 years. How did we measure that if the technology to do that hasn't been around that long?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Uranium-234 has a half-life of 246,000 years. How did we measure that if the technology to do that hasn't been around that long?

You don’t need to wait 246,000 years to know. You just measure the decay of a know quantity over a known time period and extrapolate that curve out to when you hit 50% decay. For very long half-lives you need a bigger sample and/or a longer test time and/or a more sensitive detector but unless the half-life is so long that you “never” get a decay, you can gather the data and plot the curve with relative ease.


Question: Why are golf balls so bouncy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are golf balls so bouncy?

To be overly simple the middle is rubber or some form of it. The outside isn't. The ball being struck sends the force through the shell into the rubber which transfers that energy fairly easy back and forth until it settles (aka it bounces)


Question: If an airplane is made up of light weight aluminum that helps it fly, then how come in the‘miracle of Hudson’ the airplanes’ impact with the river didn’t cause it to wreck?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If an airplane is made up of light weight aluminum that helps it fly, then how come in the‘miracle of Hudson’ the airplanes’ impact with the river didn’t cause it to wreck?

Why would it? Lightweight doesn't necessarily mean "weak." It also matters what angle the plane impacts the ground/water, and at what speed. Planes (especially commercial ones) often are designed in such a way that certain areas are reinforced or built in such a way that they absorb impact or act as "crumple zones" or even fail in specific ways. For instance, some planes' landing gear is designed specifically to snap off if the plane lands too hard, because the engineers realized that in an emergency landing the landing gear might cause more damage if it didn't (like the impact might cause the landing gear to spear into the fuselage and cause more damage).


Question: Why does the skin of an apple taste sweeter or "taste-y" than its flesh?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the skin of an apple taste sweeter or "taste-y" than its flesh?

Depends on preference. Tell the 8 year old that not every person likes the taste of the skin as much as other people, I guess?


Question: What's the thing happening when you see bright colours, while holding your hands over your eyes while they're shut?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the thing happening when you see bright colours, while holding your hands over your eyes while they're shut?

Sensory cells become excited when they detect things. When they are excited, they send messages to the brain. In the eye, there are sensory cells called rods and cones, which become excited by light. Rods work better in the dark; when they are excited, they send signals that tells the brain 'there's light here!' Cones work better in bright lighting; when they are excited, they send signals that tell the brain 'there's color here!' Rods and cones are excited by light from the outside world, but some can also be excited by pressure. When you close your eyes and press on them, you excite some of the rods and cones, which send the same signals to the brain as they usually would: 'I can see light!' and 'I can see colour!' The weird things you see when you close your eyes and press on them don't exist in the outside world. It's just your brain's way of making sense of the weird signals that it's receiving. If you're seeing these colours without pressing on the eyes, though, then it's probably just your brain making stuff up because it's bored by the lack of messages coming from your rods and cones. Brains are weird like that.


Question: What is so revolutionary about Unicode?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is so revolutionary about Unicode?

Computers only handle numbers. Before Unicode (and it's still a bit of a problem), you'd get a bunch of numbers that are supposed to be "plain text", but you also had to keep track of which system of numbers to letters applied. Windows alone had *dozens* of "code pages". Most programmers only used one (the one for their primary human language), so it was easy to forget that they needed to keep track. Not too bad until the Internet. Then, chaos. Web browsers often had to guess. Guess wrong and -- yuck. Complete garbage. Unicode does two big things: - *one* system for numbering letters. All languages should be included (and we're rapidly getting there) - a few pretty simple systems for turning those numbers into bytes. There are only two in common use, and it's very easy to guess which one you're receiving just by looking at the bytes.


Question: Where does value of a stock that pays no dividends come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does value of a stock that pays no dividends come from?

Stock represents the entire worth the company owns. In theory the majority could decide to dissolve the company, sell everything it owns like factories, machines and inventory, and spread the money on the shareholders. You own one piece of the company pie. If you buy shares of a company that still grows and that still makes more money, buys more factories, produces more patents, then your piece of the pie also grows. If people believe that the company pie will grow, for example because they announced a new product, then more people will want a piece of the pie. And that's why the prices go up, even if the company didn't gain any new stuff itself. But people believe that it will in the near future. There's almost always people buying and selling, so you can almost always be sure that somebody is willing to pay you money for some of your shares.


Question: Why is a Planck length the smallest possible unit of measure?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is a Planck length the smallest possible unit of measure?

It's not. The Planck length is the unit of length in the system of [Planck units]( URL_0 ). It is comprised of three fundamental constants of nature: the speed of light, the gravitational constant and Planck's constant. Its use is that the Planck length is around the scale at which we expect both effects of gravity and quantum mechanics to become important. We currently don't have a theory that can describe what happens at this scale because any attempt to combine quantum mechanics and general relativity has failed.


Question: How did "being terminated" from work, become "being fired?"

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did "being terminated" from work, become "being fired?"

There are some theories about the origin of the term, but one of the more interesting is that it came from item 6 of the Laws of Mendip Miners. The Mendip hills are an area about 50km south of Bristol, England. It states: > "If any man... do pick or steale any lead or ore to the value of xiiid, the Lord or his Officer may arrest all his lead and Oare House or hearthes with his Grooves and Workes and keep them in forfeit... and shall take the person that hath soe affeended and bring him where his house or worke and all his tooles and instruments are... and put him into his house or worke and set fire in all together about him and banish him..." So in this context "being fired" would literally mean being burned alive.


Question: Why is zero divided by zero not zero?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is zero divided by zero not zero?

As I understand it, when you divide a number by zero, there is no valid answer to the problem, and therefore it is undefined. When you divide 0 by 0, you run into the exact opposite problem: every answer is correct, as any number multiplied by zero is zero. I believe I saw this on quora once: 0/0= x, so 0x=0. Any value of x is valid, so it is undefined.


Question: Why can’t displays/monitors show the color true cyan?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can’t displays/monitors show the color true cyan?

The term "true cyan" is a little misleading. Cyan is a color, and there is a narrow range that's called cyan, and part of that range isn't displayable on monitors. [This graph]( URL_0 ) shows the overall space of colors and the triangles producible with a monitor (most of which are a sRBG triangle). There is some cyan outside this triangle, but also some purple and coral.


Question: How do we know when and how much money needs to be printed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know when and how much money needs to be printed?

It depends on what you mean by print money. Many people use this as a metaphor for when the Federal Reserve has low interest rates to encourage people to borrow. All money is borrowed into existence. The money supply grows or contracts depending on how much money people borrow vs how much they pay back. Now Printing and engraving actually prints the money. When you take money to your bank, it's kinda like poker chips to them. It's a marker of money when it's not in a bank. The money is all in computers. So when you take money out of the bank, it comes off of their books and they hand you paper money to represent it. The money has no meaning to them, except as markers for money. When you bring the money and put it in the bank, it becomes a number in their computer and the money goes back into the pile to give to the next person who takes money out of the bank. So? Printing and engraving prints the money and destroys the old money at US Mints. They in turn distribute it banks in quantities they need.


Question: Why does major key sound so much friendlier than other keys?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does major key sound so much friendlier than other keys?

There is no definitive answer, and it varies by culture. In the Amazon, minor keys are considered friendly and happy and rejoiceful, for example, and major keys are considered harsh, violent, and angry. Some theories are that it varies by cultural vocal tone, or that major keys are "rounded" (C C G C E \[the major triad\] are present in all major chords), or that our entire focus on the "happiness or sadness" of music was entirely manufactured during the Baroque/Classical/Romantic period by the various famous composers and doesn't actually have any basis in reality. I tend to agree more with the final theory; famous people popularized the idea and it just stuck because they're considered the greatest of all time.