Question: How can something that doesn't have mass exists?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can something that doesn't have mass exists?

Because things can exist that do not interact with the Higgs field, or gain mass from quantum vacuum fluctuations. More basically, there is nothing stopping them from existing, so they do. You could equally ask "how do things *with* mass exist?" And eventually get a "because that's the way the universe works" response.


Question: Why does your perception of a first-person video seem so unnatural when you live your entire life seeing in the first-person?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does your perception of a first-person video seem so unnatural when you live your entire life seeing in the first-person?

When your eyes are about to move, a signal is sent to your brain letting it know "this sudden change in frame of reference is me moving, not the world". Carefully poke your eyeball from the side--when your eye isn't sending this message--and your vision will jostle around like a video. You can't track everything because IRL your brain literally gets warned just before the "video" moves and knows why. In a video, instead, your brain has to figure out why the camera moved every instant afterwards.


Question: how do archaeology digging not damage artefacts or fossils?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do archaeology digging not damage artefacts or fossils?

Initial discoveries can be made by normal construction activity that obviously is done with excavators and shovels, but when archaeologists are digging in an area known to contain artifacts they do their preparation. Dirt layers build up over time, so when something is uncovered say 3m underground they will look at the layers above in the area already exposed to see what was going on during those periods and if it is of interest. After checking a number of spots they gain confidence that indeed the area of interest is covered by 2m of overburden and they can use equipment to remove that material more efficiently than the hand trowels, brushes, and fine picks used for the delicate work.


Question: why do cyclones have names? And who names them? Why don’t earthquakes, tsunamis, etc. are not named?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do cyclones have names? And who names them? Why don’t earthquakes, tsunamis, etc. are not named?

In the US, the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) names hurricanes. I'm not sure about who handles naming cyclones/typhoons/regional-names-for-same-storms. These storms are named because they have lifespans of weeks, and during this lifetime meteorologists are able to watch these formations and make predictions about what they'll do. There are also usually a bunch going at any one time. Since they spend so much time talking about 'em, being able to tell them apart is important, hence the names. Tornadoes, Earthquakes and Tsunamis are much less predictable, and over much much faster. No name is needed since if you say "the tornado" can kinda assume "the one that is happening" or "the one that just happened."


Question: How does a GPS work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a GPS work?

Each satellite broadcasts its current position and current time. This is picked up by your GPS device, with its time slightly out if sync with that of the satellite because the signal travels at the speed of light and therefore some time passes between the sat sending and gps receiving . Because of this difference and knowing what the speed of light is, the gps can calculate its distance to the satellite. If it can figure this out for at least four satellites, it can triangulate its location.


Question: how in big hotels, the range of Wi-Fi is practically everywhere and only under one SSID?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how in big hotels, the range of Wi-Fi is practically everywhere and only under one SSID?

They're using access points. Basically the actual router is connected to several access points across the site and these access points create the wifi signal. But as they're hooked up to the same router and basically just act like an extension cord they appear as the same network.


Question: How does a genetic trait become dominant or recessive?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a genetic trait become dominant or recessive?

It's not that it is magically either, it's all about how it is expressed. How the downstream functionality (RNA to protein) works. One way to look at it is you have two options on things: one explodes everything and the other lets you hug puppies. You now draw two cards from a mix. You draw two "explode everything" and things explode. Draw one "explode everything" and one "hug puppies" and everything explodes. 1/4 of the time with an even distribution you get to hug puppies. In a lot of cases, dominant traits just overwhelm recessive.


Question: How do fish freeze above water, in various poses, or within water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do fish freeze above water, in various poses, or within water?

I assume you're referring to this post? URL_0 If so, that doesn't happen naturally. Someone drilled a hole in the ice, took a fish and let the ice refreeze over its tail.


Question: Why do scissors enter 'slide mode' sometimes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do scissors enter 'slide mode' sometimes?

Low friction, very sharp: sschhhhwip ooh baby High friction, blunt: sshcklaclacklackack ah fuck Sharp scissors cut with very little force, so there isn't enough energy built up in the pressure of the blade against the paper to rip very far. This keeps the tear immediately next to the blade, so the blade continues to cut with very little force. With a blunt blade, there isn't enough force to rip the paper against the blade until the tension is much higher, then once the paper begins to tear it can tear further and probably not in a straight line ahead of the blade. So then the blade is pushing against un-torn edge instead of the cleft of the cut and the problem starts again. You can increase the chances of the sschhhhwip by sharpening the scissors and by slowly closing the scissors as you push, keeping the cut in front of the blades and applying both of them to reduce the required force to cut the paper. If you push hard, you're more likely to rip the paper.


Question: I was fooling around on google n-grams and discovered that the word acarology(the study of mites and ticks) suddenly became used way more frequently between 1980 and ~1985. Was there a particularly important study done in this field at the time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I was fooling around on google n-grams and discovered that the word acarology(the study of mites and ticks) suddenly became used way more frequently between 1980 and ~1985. Was there a particularly important study done in this field at the time?

I'm just going out on a limb here but i'm gonna guess that this would have something to do with increased awareness of Lyme disease in the 80s.


Question: are viruses alive? all viruses inherently carry diseases?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 are viruses alive? all viruses inherently carry diseases?

Viruses are not quite alive. They don’t reproduce on their own (that is, outside of a host cell), and they don’t have their own metabolisms (the systems that process nutrients and turn them into chemicals the virus can use). Everything comes from the host cell. But once a virus gets in a host cell, it can start replicating and making more viruses. So viruses are kind of like seeds. Keep them out of the dirt and nothing happens. But they have the potential for life and growth if you put them in the ground and give them some water and nutrients from the soil. Viruses don’t carry disease; they cause it. Diseases are the body’s reaction to having a virus come in and start using your cells as virus-making factories. Not all viruses make our bodies freak out and attack them though. Some viruses have evolved along with humans to use our bodies as breeding grounds without causing any damage to us and we coexist peacefully and don’t even know we’re carrying all those little viruses around inside us. And there are some viruses that cause disease in animals but not humans and vice versa.


Question: if everything in universe is made of lots different chemical elements, then how on earth exist things like human cell, flesh, neurotransmitter, heart, nucleus, etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if everything in universe is made of lots different chemical elements, then how on earth exist things like human cell, flesh, neurotransmitter, heart, nucleus, etc?

> like, does dna have structure like say N5H3O8, something like that Of course. After all, DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. [The wikipedia page has good images for the chemicals making it up.]( URL_0 ) The key is that chemistry is a bit more complex than it would seem at first. Its not as rigid as x chemical is made of y elements. It goes far more complex, for example, DNA is a molecule called a polymer, which is a long chain of smaller identical or similar chemical segments. Each segment in DNA is called a nucleotide, which encodes some kind of information. As it turns out, chemistry is a bit more mushy and not rigid like you probably learned in chemistry class. DNA is a chemical but much else of what you listed are bigger structures than just chemicals. The nucleus consists of many chemicals including DNA, other proteins, water, fat molecules, ect. The mitochondria as well consists of many chemicals as well. > isn't it impossible? how on earth can something exist out of rules of chemistry? Why not? The rules of chemistry are sufficiently complicated to allow for complicated beings like us. Everything in the body consists of parts, which consists of other parts, which once again consist of other parts, until you get down to parts small enough we call molecules.


Question: How is a wire tap actually done these days?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is a wire tap actually done these days?

Nobody sneaks into anybody's house to bug the phone. They tap the wires right at the phone company. Also keep in mind that just because you have a wireless mobile phone doesn't mean that your calls don't go through wires at the phone company. They absolutely do.


Question: where does the money go when markets fail/collapse?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 where does the money go when markets fail/collapse?

> It's not like the money becomes literally deleted Except that it does. The idea of a market collapse is that the value of investments (companies, etc) are reduced such as if they were overvalued in a market bubble. As it is simply the viewpoint of the public at large how much things are worth that changing makes the value literally cease to exist.


Question: How is milk basic if it contains lactic acid?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is milk basic if it contains lactic acid?

“It's easy to get confused about whether milk is an acid or a base, especially when you consider that some people drink milk or take calcium to treat an acidic stomach. Actually, milk has a pH of around 6.5 to 6.7, which makes it slightly acidic. Some sources cite milk as being neutral since it is so close to the neutral pH of 7.0. However, milk contains lactic acid, which is a hydrogen donor or proton donor. If you test milk with litmus paper, you'll get a neutral to a slightly acidic response.” URL_0


Question: How is it that chalk gives me more grip when I'm climbing, but gives butt cheeks less grip against each other if you have (for lack of a better term) diaper rash? (Nsfw because of butt)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it that chalk gives me more grip when I'm climbing, but gives butt cheeks less grip against each other if you have (for lack of a better term) diaper rash? (Nsfw because of butt)

They're chemically different and serve different purposes. Butt powder is basically talc to absorb moisture while climbing chalk is magnesium carbonate and serves an entirely different purpose, including grip.


Question: Why dont we have 1000v1000 multiplayer games?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why dont we have 1000v1000 multiplayer games?

As I understand it, Essentially it's a problem of co-ordinating and distributing information. If you have 2000 players all in the same space, everyone needs to know where all the other players are, what they're doing, how they're moving, what projectiles they've set in flight, what THEY are doing, where they are heading, etc. This can amount to a sizable volume of data. Distributing and co-ordinating it isn't THAT difficult, but in order to prevent noticeable lag on they players end, it all has to happen unbelievably quickly. That's the tricky part. Not making it work, but making it work fast enough to be invisible and flawless. Remember, it's not just the speed of the pc/ console / servers that's a limiting factor, Telecommunications networks and geographical location also play a significant role.


Question: Why does the Earth rotate about its own axis?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the Earth rotate about its own axis?

Ultimately, the Earth got its rotational momentum from the movement of the giant gas cloud as it collapsed to form the solar nebula. Debris which formed in the nebula may well have imparted momentum to the Earth, but such rocks and planetesimals all had their respective momentums from the collapse of the gas cloud too. Usually collapse from a ginormous, diffusive gas cloud is centred around two points (binary systems are more common, probably some complicated maths reason why), in our case it seems to have been just one point which eventually became our Sun. As things collapse and start to rotate around the clump(s) of mass, rotation inevitably occurs due to conservation of angular momentum. Any tiny bit of relative movement is amplified exponentially when matter is being concentrated from a diffuse cloud that’s light years across into a solar system — like the way an ice skater’s spin speeds up as they pull their limbs closer into them.


Question: What would happen if a pilot ejected from an aircraft mid-flight, like in video games?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen if a pilot ejected from an aircraft mid-flight, like in video games?

it depends on what settings the aircraft was in when the pilot left. most planes are inherently stable up to a point. take your hands and feet off the control and it'll do whatever it was just doing a second ago. maybe it's leaning a bit to the left. maybe it's pitching up a bit. it'll keep doing that until it either stalls or crashes. on other hand, all helicopters are inherently unstable. take your hands and feet off the controls for few seconds and it goes into a death spiral.


Question: Why are their weird designs on the soles of shoes. What's the purpose?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are their weird designs on the soles of shoes. What's the purpose?

The traction on the bottom of shoes is intended to stop you from slipping, especially on smooth surfaces. Hiking and winter boots especially need good traction, but your average pair of sneaks needs some, too. Since they're going to put designs all over them anyway, some shoe companies have fun with it and include their logo or some colors.


Question: When drawing straws, are you more likely to get the short straw if you pick first, or after several people have already picked?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When drawing straws, are you more likely to get the short straw if you pick first, or after several people have already picked?

It does not matter. Say there is 5 straws. The first one to pick have a 20% chance of picking the shortest one. Now there is 4 straws so the next person have a 25% chance of picking the shortest one. However that is assuming the first person did not already pick the short straw. And there is an 80% chance that he did not. And 80% of 25% is 20% which is exactly the same chance as the first one had. This is true for everyone involved. The last person have an 80% chance that someone already picked the shortest straw so even if he have a 100% chance of picking the shortest straw if that remains that is only a 20% chance. You can think of the situation differently. What if instead of straws there was sealed envelopes. The order in which you pick your envelope does not matter as everyone is left with an envelope that might be the special one. The fact that you open the envelope just after you have picked it or after everyone have picked does not change its contents.


Question: aspirin lowers your nervous sensors that's why you feel less pain when you take one, but how does it actually work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 aspirin lowers your nervous sensors that's why you feel less pain when you take one, but how does it actually work?

Aspirin doesn't exactly "lower your nervous sensors." Put simply, aspirin slows down the action of another chemical in your body (cyclooxygenase) by changing its shape, which ordinarily produces a particular *other* set of chemicals called *prostaglandins,* which attach to our nerves and cause us to feel pain. With less prostaglandin to attach to our nerves, our perception of pain is reduced.


Question: Why is Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback so eager to not expand Medicaid?

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 Why is Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback so eager to not expand Medicaid?

> Beyond political/ideological reasons See that's the problem. One of the fundamental beliefs of the republican party is that the government should be smaller and do less, that the private market is always better and that regulation is bad. Pursuant to that belief, they do not think that the Government should be in the business of providing healthcare, at all, to anyone. They think that healthcare should be provided through insurance, that individuals or employers choose to purchase and that the free market will set reasonable rates for that insurance. If you are too poor to purchase insurance this will be an incentive to work harder, earn more and improve your situation until you are able to afford nice things in life like insurance. That's the fundamental reasoning here. The state (both levels of government) should not be in the business of fucking around with health care, period, end of statement. Another factor, often not discussed openly, is that Republicans, in general, think being poor should be hard so that people don't want to be poor and will work to better themselves. Democrats tend to pity the poor and want to make their lives easier and better. Republicans disagree with this because they don't see that as the role of a government. This is the fundamental difference between the 2 political parties in the US. How they view the role of government in the everyday lives of people. Republicans don't want it and think it only harms the situation preferring to take a free market approach. Democrats think the government, when properly wielded, can help in bad situations and that we have a moral responsibility to do so. Here's a problem for the republican party. Most actual American voters don't feel that same way when it comes to healthcare. Having said all that, there's another issue. Due to tax cuts in recent years, Kansas is REALLY poor. These Medicaid funds from the fed are not free, there are some matching state funds that need to be used. So by expanding the eligibility (required in order to gain access to the federal dollars), so he is also spending money that he does not have. There's also another issue here. Generally, democrats and republicans have problems that are the flip side of the same coin. Democrats want to provide benefits to people but don't want to deal with the political consequences of paying for those benefits. So they tend to vote to spend but never vote to raise taxes in order to spend. Republicans think government should be doing less, taxing less and generally be smaller. So they vote to lower taxes, but it's not politically good to vote to cut benefits, so they just skip that part. So Democrats talk about a lot of programs they want to do but are vague on how to pay for it and that's what tends to block them. Republicans talk about saving money and giving back to Americans but are vague on how they're actually going to do that. So they have a hard time justifying those tax cuts so they tend not to happen. These are some of the reasons that no one can get anything done and why governing tends to happen from the center. The thing about Brownback is that.. unlike a normal politician he's willing to do both sides of the job. He cut taxes and has cut benefits (not enough, but more than anyone before). As a left leaning indivdual, there's not much good I'd be willing to say about the man. But the one thing I can say is that he's 100% commited to his beleifs and idoligy. He REALLY thinks that tax cuts will spur econmic growth, he'r REALLY opposed to the socail welfair system and the growth of government. I don't agree with him on most things, but the man's a true beleiver not a bullshiter.


Question: What is the purpose of the late John Conway's "Game of Life"? What insights does it offer?

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 What is the purpose of the late John Conway's "Game of Life"? What insights does it offer?

It showed how small a set of rules could lead to the emergent behaviors that (at the time) were typically to be characteristics of "sophisticated" forms of life.


Question: How EXACTLY does hydration (or lack of it) affects your running training or exercise in general. What is the science behind it?

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 How EXACTLY does hydration (or lack of it) affects your running training or exercise in general. What is the science behind it?

A large part of it is that you need your cooling system to work by having water in you to sweat. Sweat helps rid your body of bad stuff that is carried out by the water. Without enough water, your organs can't work properly because the water helps your blood pump more freely. At least that's my most high level explanation.


Question: What exactly is a Tensor?

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 What exactly is a Tensor?

For ELI5, it's better to give an example of a tensor than the actual definition. Suppose you have a cube made of clay. How many different ways are there to stretch it? Well, you could pull out on the top and bottom, stretching it vertically. Or you could pull on the left and right sides, or the top and bottom sides. So that's three different directions of stretching. But you could also push the top side to the left while pushing the bottom side to the right, shearing it out like spreading a deck of cards. Or you could push the top forward and the bottom backward. Or the left side up and the right side down. Or ... Anyway, you can push/pull in three different directions, for each of three different pairs of faces, for a total of nine unique possibilities. You could also have a combination of more than one of these at a time. This example is known in materials science as a "strain tensor". You could express this as a "direction that also has a direction", which is what /u/Depressed_Maniac is saying. You could also make a 3-by-3 table with an amount for each of the 3 sides and 3 directions, which is what /u/Kayuwaii is saying. There are lots of different cases in which this comes up, and some of them have more than 3 different directions (rows/columns in the table), and some of them involve directions that have directions that have directions (!), so you'd need something more complicated than a 2-d table to describe them. But they're all tensors.


Question: Why are animal foods so often cheaper than plant foods?

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 Why are animal foods so often cheaper than plant foods?

You're comparing the cost of *prepared* foods. A restaurant has to keep enough product in stock to supply the demand but if they have too much on hand & it goes bad, they're losing money on that product and need to charge more for to get their profit margins back up. Hamburger can be frozen without much loss in quality. Lettuce must always be fresh & tends to go bad quickly. There also tends to be more labor in chopping up everything & making a salad than plopping a frozen burger puck onto a grill - everything on a burger can effectively be mass produced in a factory & simply assembled on site. These are what drive the cost of these items up, not the raw value of the ingredients ([the beef in a Big Mac is only like 40 cents]( URL_0 )). Like many things that come around ELI5, your fundamental mistake is thinking that a business exists just to supply *you* with a product and then then do the exact same thing a million times a day when they actually try to find very efficient ways to do the same thing a million times a day **first**. It's the same as watching package tracking information and thinking that it should come directly to you rather than through a central hub.


Question: How does the data encryption standard (DES) from 1977 work?

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 How does the data encryption standard (DES) from 1977 work?

The message is broken into blocks of bits, which are scrambled and combined with bits from the secret key (the password, so to speak). The same secret key can be combined with the data again to undo the process. URL_0


Question: Do monster truck drivers mostly have control of the stunts or do they just jump off things and try to control an unpredictable landing?

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 Do monster truck drivers mostly have control of the stunts or do they just jump off things and try to control an unpredictable landing?

There's no way to control a truck once it leaves the ground, but I assume they know the right speed and angle and such to ensure a safe enough landing.


Question: Can you explain to me the order of mathematics to be learned from low level to university level? And why is the order in such way?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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 Can you explain to me the order of mathematics to be learned from low level to university level? And why is the order in such way?

Here's how I learned math/would have learned math if I pursued a math degree in college. Addition - you can learn this using fingers Subtraction - it's the opposite of above Multiplication - This is really just lots of addition Division - this is the opposite of above Algebra - this teaches problem solving for an unknown variable Geometry - requires Algebra to solve equations, also teaches "proofs" which are a critical thinking skill that makes you go from point A to point B using math and logic. Harder Algebra/Triginometry - Having learned logic and going from point A to point B is helpful in more difficult algebra equations Pre-Calculus - some precursor calculus stuff Calculus - requires pre-calculus *Statistics - school ran out of more difficult math so "regressed" to an easier class of stats, this could be taught after harder algebra *Even Harder Calculus - This is pretty esoteric and not needed for most people, it's just more calculus *Linear Algebra - this is matrix math, it's pretty difficult and is basically how Google runs their search engine *Differential Equations - This is even harder math, requires most previous skills *Even more harder calculus - even harder math Really math is very logically laid out. Every class put in there builds off the previous one, which is why kids who fall off the wagon early have a hard time getting back on. Edit: noticed your exact question, anything with an asterisk you probably won't need for low level university.


Question: Why does the speed at which time passes depend on your velocity?

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 Why does the speed at which time passes depend on your velocity?

It doesn't. Your time is always going to pass at one second per second. However, when measured against time in some other frame of reference it may vary relative to that frame of reference. This is a necessary consequence of two observations, that physics are consistent in different frames of reference, and that all observers see photons travel at c in all frames of reference. These are the foundations of relativity. If you are shining a flashlight ahead of you, while driving a car at 60mph, you see the light leaving the flashlight at c. Standing by the road, I also see the light leaving the flashlight at c, but I see you moving at 60mph, so relative to you, what I see is that the light appears to be moving at c - 60mph. If the universe had a 'master clock' and our time had to be exactly the same, there'd be no way for us to reconcile the discrepancy. How can the light be outrunning you by c and also c - 60 mph at the same time? Of course "why" the universe operates this way is something of a more philosophical question.


Question: If cabin pressure during a flight is controlled, why do our ears do the thing?

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 If cabin pressure during a flight is controlled, why do our ears do the thing?

Cabin pressure is equalized at about 7000 feet it also changes slower than the actual speed of the ascent. So from 0-7000 and 7000-0 you still experience changes in pressure (but less quickly than if the cabin wasn't pressurized at all) Edit - [image I found while searching for the same thing a while back]( URL_0 )


Question: Would increasing the speed limit on certain roads decrease the likelihood of traffic jams?

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 Would increasing the speed limit on certain roads decrease the likelihood of traffic jams?

No, infact rather the opposite happens. Where I'm from, the main highways other busy roads near the city use variable speed signs. This way when there's traffic they can REDUCE the speed limit (ideally before you get to the traffic). The main goal in traffic flow is CONSISTENT traffic! Think about what they teach u when there is an emergency, walk single file to an emergency exit. Do not rush. This is done partly to prevent traffic jams. Why is consistency important? Because the reason traffic occurs is because cars slow down. Then cars behind them have to slow down. Then cars behind them and so on and so on. This creates a chain reaction. The fist car may have slowed down 45 minutes ago. But the effect of slowing down (traffic) persists for much longer. If you can prevent cars from slowing down as much or as hard then you will have less traffic. High speeds produce big traffic jams. But obviously it's a trade off. A speed limit that is unnecessarily too slow will prevent cars from utilising the road's full potential.


Question: How does brain stops feeling pain after some serious injuries?

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 How does brain stops feeling pain after some serious injuries?

It's hard to answer questions about specific injuries. Perhaps the nerves were damaged? If the body can't communicate damage to the brain, then you won't feel pain until/if those nerves heal.


Question: How do computers display graphics?

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 How do computers display graphics?

Imagine 9 people sitting in a 3x3 square. They each have a black or white sign that they can hold up depending on what I tell them to do. I would be the graphics card in this example and they would be individual pixels. In a grid like this 1-2-3 4-5-6 7-8-9 So I tell certain people to hold up black and and certain one to hold up white and we can create a very basic picture this way. Is I told 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 to hold up black and 2,4,6,8 to hold up white, they would form what looks like an X. Then a minute passes by and I tell 1,2,3,5 and 8 to hold up black and 4,6,7,and 9 to hold up white and we have now made a letter T. A graphics card does the same thing, but it tells a lot more "people" what to do. It doesn't just tell them to hold up black or white, it can choose from a massive selection of colors to create images. And it does this X number of times per second. Any questions?


Question: if granite is an intrusive igneous rock that forms below ground, why do things like the Sierra Nevada range exist?

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 if granite is an intrusive igneous rock that forms below ground, why do things like the Sierra Nevada range exist?

Here's a timeline Granite forms in hot spot - > granite moves with continental plate - > continental plate hits oceanic plate/other continental plate - > all the rocks get thrust upward into into a mountain range - > all the rock above the granite gets worn down by erosion - > granite on the surface. Granite is a very strong rock, and so it doesn't wear down quite as easily as others, leaving large portions of it on the surface or poking out.


Question: Why does cranberry juice make your mouth feel tight after drinking it?

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 Why does cranberry juice make your mouth feel tight after drinking it?

What I understand from a quick Google session: Cranberry juice contains lots of tannins. When tannins interact with the proteins in your saliva, these proteins clump together. This clumping makes your mouth feel very dry. This is the sensation you experience (also known as astringency. URL_0 .


Question: What is the chemical/psychological path that flavors get from food > the tongue > the brain and how we perceive it?

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 What is the chemical/psychological path that flavors get from food > the tongue > the brain and how we perceive it?

Chemical compounds from your brain touch special sensory nerves on your tongue (taste buds) and in your nose (olfactory sensory neurons) (your ability to smell actual at greatly influences how things taste). Those sensory nerves come in contact with the compounds from the food, and then send a signal through tour nerves to your brain. That signal then travels to your parietal lobe, the part of your brain that handles senses. Your brain then interprets those signals and creates the “qualia” or the “experience” How exactly your brain takes in those physical electro-chemical signals and turns them into the taste and smell of cake, French fries, strawberries, and steak, we have no idea. That process to get from the signals to what we actually experience is still not understood, we don’t know how it works, it’s called “the hard problem of consciousness” and applies to all experiences. Here’s a fun video on that: (There’s no such thing as Orange) URL_0


Question: The effect of a ceiling fan on air pressure in a room?

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 The effect of a ceiling fan on air pressure in a room?

Nope, you have a closed system. Whatever underpressure you get will have equal over pressure somewhere else.


Question: How do planes take off?

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 How do planes take off?

There are different types of airplanes that take off slightly different. Large commercial jet liners use jet engines to gain a fast enough speed that flaps on the wings catch enough air to lift them into the sky. Most planes use a similar process. Each plane has a certain high enough speed needed for lift depending on its weight, aero, etc. If you’re interested, the Smithsonian channel has an excellent series titled “Air disasters.” Each episode is an hour long docu detailing disasters. Many episode briefly get into the inner workings of specific planes to share what the issues are.


Question: How do stock prices CHANGE with purchase and selling?

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</answer>
 How do stock prices CHANGE with purchase and selling?

In order for someone to buy stock, that means that someone else is selling it. A LOT of someones. That's what the 'Ask' is when you're looking at stock prices: what the lowest asking price is for a seller of a given stock. If all of the stock being offered at a lower price is bought up, then it'll leave only sellers who were looking to get a higher price for the stock they're holding. So, now you have a higher lowest 'Ask', since all of the cheapest stock was bought up. People will see this, and likely decide that the stock they're holding is potentially more valuable, since there is apparently a very interested buyer; so they're likely to place an even higher price on the shares they're holding. This drives up the price of the stock even more. Reverse everything for a stock price going down, as buyers are 'Bid'ing less and less for shares, because they're just not interested in paying what sellers are asking for, and holders finally cave in to the lower offers to offload a stock they don't have faith will hold its value.


Question: How does a download know that it's receiving the correct data?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a download know that it's receiving the correct data?

The transmitter creates a *checksum* for each packet, plus typically another one for the whole file, in which all the bits are put through a formula and a number calculated from all of them. The formula is designed so that any small change in any of the bits will result in a different (non matching) number. The receiver recalculates the checksum, and if something doesn't match, it can tell that the data contained an error, and it requests retransmission.


Question: how can experts know what caused a fire in a charred home?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how can experts know what caused a fire in a charred home?

Unless the house burns completely to the ground and there is absolutely nothing but ash left and nobody saw anything, there's always clues. You can look at the path the fire took and trace it back to its most likely point of origin. Once you know where it started, you can make a pretty educated guess about what started it. You can trace it back by looking at smoke lines in walls, how deep wood was charred (deeper chars means hotter or longer burning), even by what direction glass light bulbs bent as they were subjected to the fire's heat.


Question: What does 'orthogonal' mean in a statistics context?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does 'orthogonal' mean in a statistics context?

Simply put, orthogonality means “uncorrelated.” An orthogonal model means that all independent variables in that model are uncorrelated. If one or more independent variables are correlated, then that model is non-orthogonal.


Question: Why can't parchment paper catch fire at such high temperatures in the oven?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't parchment paper catch fire at such high temperatures in the oven?

It can catch fire if you go hot enough. You aren't supposed to go over about 450 degrees. Almost all paper combusts around that temperature.


Question: Why are grey hairs associated with stress?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are grey hairs associated with stress?

Hair goes “gray” (actually white) from internal production of hydrogen peroxide, largely when under stress. It basically bleaches the hair from inside out.


Question: Why when you turn lights on, some holes that were bright suddenly becomes dark?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why when you turn lights on, some holes that were bright suddenly becomes dark?

In the dark toilet, the ‘bright spots’ are weakly lit up by the lights in the room beside. And this bright spot is relatively brighter than other parts of the toilet. But when the toilet lights are switched on, the other parts of the toilet is more brightly lit up. Hence, the spot behind the door is relatively dimmer or the same brightness. So it depends on whether the spot is relatively brighter or darker than the surrounding toilet.


Question: Why when I’m loading something does the last 2 percent always take the longest?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why when I’m loading something does the last 2 percent always take the longest?

I can't speak for Netflix but when it comes to computer programs where you often see this sort of thing happen while installing or downloading stuff, it's because there's really two different tasks going on inside your machine. The first task your device does is "retrieving the file". To do that, your computer or TV or internet-capable fridge or whatever accesses the information in the form of a file and then pulls it down into its local memory or onto longer-term storage such as its solid state drive or memory module plug-in. But that's just a file. It doesn't really do anything yet until the computing part of your device fires that file off. That second part can actually be pretty big, and it can cause a whole lot of things to happen, including some or all of the following: * it decompresses the file, because the file was artificially shrunk so it would be smaller and faster to transmit * it writes the single file into a broken down set of files somewhere else in your device's storage * it turns one of the file's components into an active computer program which begins to run * it reaches into your device's operating system to add some stuff or make changes or update files * it scans results to ensure they completed properly * it loads sections of the downloaded file into active memory, such as a picture for a loading screen ...or other things. The first 98% is step 1 where your device is grabbing the big file in the first place. But the other 2% is when it reaches near the end and is doing all that unpacking and manipulating and executing stuff. Back when the internet was slower, that second stage actually DID take 2% of the overall time (more or less) because downloads were so slow. But now with ultrafast downloads, that last 2% or so takes a lot longer in comparison to the pure download time... and so it seems longer in comparison.


Question: Why is saving so important when you are young?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is saving so important when you are young?

Compound interest. That's interest on your interest. The sooner you start saving, the more compound interest you will make.


Question: How do we decide that this job will be paid this much money and that job will be paid that much money? Who decides it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we decide that this job will be paid this much money and that job will be paid that much money? Who decides it?

Wages for most jobs are essentially settled by supply and demand. What is the supply of people willing and able to do that work, and what is the demand for that work? If there is a high demand and a low supply (like petroleum engineering) then the wage will be high as companies compete to attract the few available workers. If there is a large supply and a low demand (like big box retail) then wages plummet as workers compete for the available positions. Most places have a mandatory minimum wage to keep the oversupply of labor from pushing these wages to incredibly low levels. Then you have labor unions, who attempt to artificially restrict labor supply to increase wages - with varying degree of success.


Question: Why do we pop popcorn but not other grains?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we pop popcorn but not other grains?

We do pop other grains, but corn is the easiest to pop. Corn is the easiest, because popping corn has such a hard shell it builds up pressure. You can pop any grain, but you need a pressure vessel. What popping is, is steam builds up in the kernals of the grain cooking and changing the starch. Except that instead if cooling and being more like steamed grains, the steam bursts out fluffing the grains starch. Popcorn is like whipped egg whites, you can whip anything, but egg whites are easier.


Question: WHY does the law of diminishing returns exist?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 WHY does the law of diminishing returns exist?

Sometimes there are other restrictions which prevent you from maximising use of those resources – such as limited space or availability of equipment. For example, say you have a factory working at near capacity with 100 staff. If you increase to 120 staff your output will increase, but then the factory may be at capacity. If you increase to 150 staff, there won’t be enough room for people to manoeuvre efficiently, and they may need to take turns to use the machines. So output may still be higher, but not by much. If you increase to 200 staff, there won’t be space for people to move and no one will be able to reach the machines. Production starts to drop. If you increase to 300 staff, there will barely be breathing room and not much production could happen at all. In this example, you’ve kept adding resources (staff), but other restrictions (factory size and number of machines) cause the diminishing returns.


Question: how come airplanes only have a seatbelt across the lap?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how come airplanes only have a seatbelt across the lap?

car accident means you're likely to fly forward; crossbody seatbelt keeps you from moving horizontally. plane turbulence means you're likely to fly up as it falls; crosslap seatbelt keeps you from moving vertically.


Question: Why do clothes get wrinkly, and why does ironing reverse that?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do clothes get wrinkly, and why does ironing reverse that?

Clothes wrinkle for a few reasons, and the biggest causes are heat, moisture, and pressure. To be deliberately blunt: how? Lots of things will wrinkle or crease or deform because of these. Okay, the real answer: For fabrics, specifically the most popular materials used in clothes, the 'why' is probably one of two reasons. Fabrics that are 'glassy' like wool, polyester, and nylon are pretty resilient during normal wear. Get them hot and damp, the fibers are more 'gooey' like glass gets when you hear it up. Not a super accurate explanation but it's the same basic concept. Cellulose-y fabrics like cotton, linen, and rayon wrinkle because heat and moisture change how the molecules and stuff in the fibers are structured and connect to each other- some of the links break down and then reform when the fabric goes back to 'normal'. *** Why does ironing fix it? You're basically creating the perfect conditions for wrinkling, but the pressure of the flat, smooth iron makes sure the fabric deforms back into a flat shape.


Question: How are parachutes packed into the parachute bags?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are parachutes packed into the parachute bags?

They are folded in a particular way after every jump geberally by experienced divers. The reserve parachutes must be packed by a licensed person but main parachutes generally aren't packed by licensed people to save money.


Question: How do controllable prosthetics work? How does the brain control something that's artificially attached?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do controllable prosthetics work? How does the brain control something that's artificially attached?

Simplest prosthetic is where you just lost your hand. Since basicly all muscles controlling the hand are in your arm you can just put sensors near those that detect activity and rig it up to the right limb. It gets harder the more is lost, but the principle is the same. Find an unused nervbundle/muscle group. Put a sensor on it to control the arm. Doesn't even really have to be the same nerves that controlled the original arm because the brain can be retrained.


Question: What creates a person's musical preference?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What creates a person's musical preference?

I can only explain this based on my own experience - me and my younger brother (two years younger) both also grew up in the same house, shared our CD's and MP3's, listened to what our parents played and we had a lot of common childhood friends. We both may have listened to Radiohead album for example, but my brother and I almost always liked different songs, even from the same album. It had most to do with slightly different personalities - he has always been a more introverted and aloof type, while I have always been a more neurotic and slightly more outgoing type. While I don't listen to mainstream pop per se, I have always been drawn to more pop-like, upbeat music like pop punk, drum and bass, indie rock etc. while my brother kind of despises that stuff (except only for some indie rock) and likes experimental music the most, like Velvet Underground, PiL, Death Grips, George Harrison solo albums etc. It's fascinating how we have both had the same upbringing, but we like very different type of music. We have had a lot of arguments about it, but eventually, we learned to respect each other's taste.


Question: Why does ice cause carbonated drinks to foam more than it would normally when pouring a drink?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does ice cause carbonated drinks to foam more than it would normally when pouring a drink?

The ice isn't smooth, it has little holes in it that let the gas separate out from the liquid(nucleation sites). Once these little bubbles form they leave the ice and head towards the surface freeing up the spot for another bubble to form. The surface of the ice eventually melts and any high points melt quicker resulting in smooth ice that doesn't have nucleation sites after a bit which is why the second pour over the same ice makes fewer bubbles


Question: When going to sleep hungry, why does your hunger leave when waking up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When going to sleep hungry, why does your hunger leave when waking up?

Hunger is mostly driven by your stomach recently being empty and basically requesting a refill; after sleeping all the messages about it being empty have been sent and ignored so no more are sent.


Question: What happens to light after it is absorbed, like how black "absorbs" ~99% of light?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens to light after it is absorbed, like how black "absorbs" ~99% of light?

> some kind of energy repository. It doesn't get to store the energy indefinitely. That energy in turn is exchanged with the environment, which is why the black object feels hot to the touch. If you remove the light source, the black object will reach equilibrium with its surroundings.