Question: - How does a child learn inner speech? And that it's different from "voices in your head".

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - How does a child learn inner speech? And that it's different from "voices in your head".

Some people don't ever develop an inner dialogue/monologue/speech. I'm sure upbringing and certain levels of neuroticism can bring it about.


Question: Why is Argentina cold and Australia hot if they are in the same "height" in the mundi map?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Argentina cold and Australia hot if they are in the same "height" in the mundi map?

Not sure what are you talking about. Argentina has ok winters and unbearable summers. I wouldn't say Argentina is a "cold" place.


Question: how do ships "suck" water away from coastlines?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do ships "suck" water away from coastlines?

The ship displaces a lot of water. It pushes a lot of water higher in front of it. It has a 'hole' in the water behind it. In this case the ship first pushed a lot of extra water into that cove when it approached, then the water rushed in behind the ship to fill the 'hole'. When the water went to go fill in behind the ship it left less water in that little cove. It all balanced out shortly after the ship passed.


Question: Jury nullification and it's consequences?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Jury nullification and it's consequences?

The judge will instruct a jury that their duty is to apply the law. But no one can force a jury to decide a certain way. If the jury decides that the defendant should go free, they can return a verdict of not guilty, even if they think the law is clear and the evidence shows that the defendant broke the law.


Question: Why do alligators live in sewers in the movies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do alligators live in sewers in the movies?

Back in the 1970s, sort of an urban legend circulated that people in New York City were buying baby alligators as pets, but when they got tired of them they were flushing them down the toilet. The natural assumption was that the alligators would then feed on the ample supply of NY rats and grow, and that full-sized alligators now roamed the network of underground sewer tunnels. Some embellishments of the story even included sanitation workers disappearing with only their flashlights or other equipment to be found. Source: Was alive in the 70s.


Question: how is bill gates still making money, and seemingly in similar proportion to other tech billionaires, especially during these times, if his microsoft shares are already sold?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how is bill gates still making money, and seemingly in similar proportion to other tech billionaires, especially during these times, if his microsoft shares are already sold?

He put most of his wealth into his foundation which operates like a well-managed hedge fund yielding above average returns every year. He basically just diversified his wealth from Microsoft into many stocks which have increased substantially over the last few years.


Question: How does the "ping" command on the terminal actually work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the "ping" command on the terminal actually work?

Simpler explanation: I write you a letter that says "This letter was sent from < my address > on < date > and < time > . Please send me a letter back as soon as you get this, with the exact time and date you received this. You follow the instruction and send the second letter back to me. When I get your letter, I know exactly how long it took for the letter to get to you, and how long it took the letter to make the round trip. If I don't get a letter back in a reasonable amount of time, I know that something has gone with the postal service between my address and yours. Now imagine that we're two computers, and instead of a letters we're sending data packets. That's basically how 'ping' works.


Question: why do credit cards not have a PIN number attached to them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do credit cards not have a PIN number attached to them?

They do on Europe. Americans are resistant to the change and they don't wanna risk losing customers over forcing them to have a PIN to use their card. Ruh roh, I hope this answer isn't so small it gets autobaleeted.


Question: How do airplanes fly in tight formation with no roads or lanes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do airplanes fly in tight formation with no roads or lanes?

As much as it seems there would be computers involved assisting them, it’s mostly visual reference and tons of practice.


Question: Why is weather temperature different with the same amount of sunlight?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is weather temperature different with the same amount of sunlight?

Temperature isn't all to do with the amount of sunlight. The intensity of the rays vary by season so a winter day you could have a seemingly bright sunny day, but because the Earth is tilted away we receive fewer solar rays and are thus getting less energy. It also depends on wind direction. If the wind is from the north it can move a colder air mass over an area which was warmer the previous day. Vice-versa it can bring a warmer air mass from the south if blowing from that direction.


Question: Lagrange Interpolation, why does it work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Lagrange Interpolation, why does it work?

It's the math equivalent of seeing a pattern in a curve of dots and being like: "Yeah I can kinda see which way these dots are going. Kinda in this direction." *proceeds to draw a vague line* (except it's relatively accurate)


Question: How did some metals become valuable and others not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did some metals become valuable and others not?

Gold is much rarer than silver. This, combined with its unique coloration and remarkable unreactivity, made it a very good store of currency. Transitioning into the modern world, gold continues to be rare, and no major advancements have come around to make gold easier to produce. Since metals like iron and aluminum are relatively common, refining and using them has been the limiting factor on their growth. Gold production, meanwhile, is limited mainly by how quickly we can dig it up. Modern developments in industry have had relatively little impact on how easy gold is to produce when compared to more common resources.


Question: When investing in a mutual fund for retirement, where does the wealth come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When investing in a mutual fund for retirement, where does the wealth come from?

> where does the wealth come from? The companies the fund invests in become more profitable over time, producing greater profits that pay out greater dividends to shareholders, increasing the value of the equity you hold via the mutual fund. > am I just making others poorer No. The return you get is a portion of the increased wealth the company generated. If I take seeds and grow vegetables I've made myself richer without making anyone else worse off. In this analogy you are providing me with money to buy seeds and getting a cut of the profit I make when selling the vegatables. > contributing to the wealth gap? Yes. In general, if you are able to save and earn a return on those savings you are accruing wealth far faster than someone who cannot afford to. As such, you're growing richer far faster than someone who is poorer. That said, it is pretty much completely incorrect to say that that is bad for society.


Question: How does Duck Duck Go make money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Duck Duck Go make money?

They do show you ads, just not tracking-targeted ones (and they give you the ability to opt out). Apparently they're also in some affiliate programmes, so they get a cut of revenue when people buy things they found via DDG - even though they don't track you, your browser provides a "referrer" field to the destination page so it knows how you got there. They publish a [broad description]( URL_0 ) of how they make money, though it took a little digging to find it.


Question: How is a fuel surplus bad for the working class?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is a fuel surplus bad for the working class?

Mostly it's not. It's very bad for speculators, and they would love to make you think that what's bad for them is bad for you. Don't believe them.


Question: If there are billions of stars in the space and very few obstacles, why the sky is not full of light?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If there are billions of stars in the space and very few obstacles, why the sky is not full of light?

For many of the stars, their light has not reached Earth yet. Also, light intensity decreases with distance, which make many of the visible stars very faint; on a moonless night without light pollution the sky is very densely packed with points of light.


Question: Why do high levels of emotional pain often affect you physically?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do high levels of emotional pain often affect you physically?

Stress hormones. When we become stressed the hypothalamus sends a signal to release these hormones. When the body is under a lot of stress the hypothalamus continues to send this stress signal, raising your hormones every time. These hormones cause your blood vessels to constrict which raises your blood pressure as well as your heart rate. Now your body needs more oxygen so you breathe heavier. Sometimes to the point of hyperventilating. These are just a few symptoms of stress but they are the main factors of why you feel crummy after.


Question: Alchemy. What exactly is it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Alchemy. What exactly is it?

Alchemy is, or more accurately, *was* a pseudoscience that spawned a real science by accident. Humans observed long ago that you could transform some things into other things. This was the beginning of what we now know as chemistry, but well before we knew what limitations were placed upon these transformations it was believed that *in theory* you could turn whatever into whatever else. Alchemy was the study of this transformation.


Question: Why is it that BigBox retailers are considered to be struggling because they missed their sales plan , even though they are a multi-million dollar company ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that BigBox retailers are considered to be struggling because they missed their sales plan , even though they are a multi-million dollar company ?

Let's say you come into some money and you purchase Star Wars from Disney. Episode 10 (Ackbar's Revenge) is already made, and experts are expecting it to make $1 billion at the box office. So you pay $1 billion for Star Wars. But then the movie only makes $900 million. Sure, it's still $900 million in your pocket, but you were expecting a billion (and paid a billion), so you're down $100 million.


Question: What prevents drip coffee makers from brewing coffee as well as a pour over? What is it about manually pouring the hot water over the grinds that makes it taste better?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What prevents drip coffee makers from brewing coffee as well as a pour over? What is it about manually pouring the hot water over the grinds that makes it taste better?

One big aspect of making good coffee (other than the beans and roast) is the relationship between the grind (coarse/fine) and extraction time. (plus water quality and temperature etc etc) An average drip coffee maker (with a large filter and large amount of coffee) will take many minutes to make the coffee where a lot of hot water drips over the grind over a long time. This will over extract the coffee and this leads to bad tasting coffee. Part of the art of the handmade pourover or frenchpress etc method is that the extraction time is controlled carefully and a relatively small amount of coffee is made at one time. It is also typical for drip coffee to be pre-ground ahead of time and stored in packages. The quality of the coffee decreases the longer the time between the grind and extraction.


Question: Why does most of the food rot except honey?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does most of the food rot except honey?

Most food rots because bacteria, fungi and other microbes are able to live and grow on the surface, where they eat and excrete. Honey, on the other hand, is different. There is water in honey, but it's all "locked in" to the sugars - there's no way for microbes to get at it. So for any bacteria that land on honey, it's like landing on salt - it's impossible for them to live because they dry out.


Question: Why does a cold Coke taste better than a room temp coke?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a cold Coke taste better than a room temp coke?

Cold things taste less sweet than warm things, and carbon dioxide is less soluble in cold soda than warm soda. So, it’s bubblier and less overwhelmingly sugary. Edit: I’m wrong!! Sorry. Forgot my ecology 101. Obviously gases are less soluble at higher temperatures. That’s why fish die when the ocean warms: oxygen is less soluble in water.


Question: What is codependency and how does it work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is codependency and how does it work?

It's being excessively dependent on another person for validation or approval. For example, the situation between an addict and an enabler; the drug addict is dependent on the enabler for money, food, shelter etc (whatever it is to survive and keep using their drug of choice); whereas the enabler feels useful (they have purpose) in knowing that the drug addict needs them. So their existence is validated internally. Neither one is able to break away because they are both reliant on getting something from the relationship. This exists with overbearing moms and their kids too. Codependents often pair with narcissists or people who have borderline personality disorder; they tend to attract each other. Both parties have serious self esteem issues and the relationship is often parasitic and toxic, often even quite abusive. It's hard to conquer codependency and break free from such a partnership. They describe breaking codependency as being almost as hard as quitting a drug itself. There's a lot more to it but I hope this helps a bit.


Question: What, in it’s simplest terms, is Pi?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What, in it’s simplest terms, is Pi?

Pi in it's original definition is the ratio between the circumference of a circle and its diameter & #x200B;


Question: I just bought a thermos that claims it keeps things hot 7 hours and cold 18 hours. Why aren't these numbers equal?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I just bought a thermos that claims it keeps things hot 7 hours and cold 18 hours. Why aren't these numbers equal?

Hot drinks are hotter than cold drinks are cold. Cold drinks are rarely colder than freezing, and are still refreshing in the 40^o - 50^o range. Also, if something is frozen solid, it takes extra energy to thaw it, which means extra time. You drink coffee at between 120^o and 140^(o), below that it starts getting lukewarm and bitter. That means a cold drink is ~20-35^o below room temperature, while a hot drink is ~50-70^o above. Roughly twice the difference, roughly twice the time.


Question: Why is the instant reaction to getting hit with cold water to take a large breath in?

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 Why is the instant reaction to getting hit with cold water to take a large breath in?

This is part of the Mammalian Diving Reflex. URL_0 URL_1 > When the face is submerged and water fills the nostrils, sensory receptors sensitive to wetness within the nasal cavity and other areas of the face supplied by the fifth (V) cranial nerve (the trigeminal nerve) relay the information to the brain.[1] The tenth (X) cranial nerve, (the vagus nerve) – part of the autonomic nervous system – then produces bradycardia and other neural pathways elicit peripheral vasoconstriction, restricting blood from limbs and all organs to preserve blood and oxygen for the heart and the brain (and lungs), concentrating flow in a heart–brain circuit and allowing the animal to conserve oxygen.


Question: Why are signed contracts admissible in court when signatures can easily be faked/manipulated?

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[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why are signed contracts admissible in court when signatures can easily be faked/manipulated?

Because they CAN"T easily be faked/manipulated. That's the whole point. If someone screws with the paper, it will leave signs. And forging a signature is not nearly as easy as you think. Any expert on the subject will be able to tell you all the little ways that the forger made mistakes.


Question: What is the causing factor in conception that results in people being born with disabilities like Autism/Down-Syndrome?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the causing factor in conception that results in people being born with disabilities like Autism/Down-Syndrome?

Down syndrome is mostly related to a women's age. Women over the age of 40 are at a higher risk of their baby having down syndrome due to the fact that us as women have a certain amount of ovules in our lives, as you reach your 40's the ovules you produce are old ones that were stored in you, so when an old ovule is fertilized, it may cause the trisomy 21 bc of this. Hope this kind of helped answer maybe half your question! :)


Question: If the earth stopped spinning on its axis, would gravity feel stronger due to the lack of centrifugal force?

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[Your final answer goes here]
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 If the earth stopped spinning on its axis, would gravity feel stronger due to the lack of centrifugal force?

Yes, very slightly. People standing on the equator actually do weigh a bit less (around 1%) than they do at the poles. If the Earth weren't spinning, then people everywhere on the surface would weigh what they do at the poles.


Question: The rainbow hat riddle, please explain how the solution makes 100% sure that at least one of the prisoners are right about their hat color?

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<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 The rainbow hat riddle, please explain how the solution makes 100% sure that at least one of the prisoners are right about their hat color?

When you take the sum of all hats according to your assignment of ROYGBIV to 0 to 6, when dividing that sum by 7, the remainder has to be one of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. That are 7 possibilities. You now assign each person one of those possibilities. Let's assume that one of them covers the correct possibility. That means that he knows the remainder of the sum of all hats, and he also knows the remainder of all hats except his own. There can only be one color for his hat so that both of these remainders are correct. This only produces the prisoner's own color if he assumes the correct remainder for all 7 hats. But remember that there were only 7 possible remainders, and that we assigned each of them to one person. This means that at least one person works with the correct remainder, and as I've described above, this allows that person to correctly guess their own color. (In fact, there will only ever be exactly one person that guesses correctly, as everyone else uses a wrong assumption for the remainder of all hats) As you've correctly stated, this works for any number of colors and prisoners. The mathematics behind it is called modular arithmetic.


Question: Pls can someone explain to me what an inverted yield curve is and why its bad?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Pls can someone explain to me what an inverted yield curve is and why its bad?

Investors requiring more for 2 year bonds than 10 year bonds means that they generally are thinking right now that the economy will be in very bad shape 2 years from now, but by 10 years from now it should have recovered. Because of this, they are starting to sell off stocks that they either were not planning to hold onto for a long time or that they think might be long to companies with a risk of going under during a downturn. There are a lot of factors that get us to this point, but once we get to this point moving into a recession is essentially a self-fulfilling prophecy, where one bad economic indicator forces other people to respond, creating more bad economic indicators.


Question: Why is it useful to understand the Greek idea that Gods are a personification of human emotions, personality, etc?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why is it useful to understand the Greek idea that Gods are a personification of human emotions, personality, etc?

It would depend on your definition of “useful.” It might be helpful in understanding the mentality of people from times past. It would certainly be important in understanding the history of religion, or possibly cultural history. I’ll also add that the way you worded the question makes it seem like you were told it’s important and aren’t sure why. In that case, perhaps ask the person who told you - it may be important for a particular reason to a particular person


Question: Why are there so many empty houses? Shouldn't supply and demand dictate price of housing decrease until there are very few empty houses?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there so many empty houses? Shouldn't supply and demand dictate price of housing decrease until there are very few empty houses?

It depends on your location. Some cities, Detroit for example, have had population shifts, so many people left that there are too many houses now. If you were in San Francisco you would not be asking this question. It is a policy of city government to not allow the building of large residential towers so the sidewalks do not get too crowded. They are limiting places to live. So there are few empty houses. For a house to be habitable now it needs electricity, plumbing, heating and cooling. An empty unsecured house will have its wiring and plumbing ripped out. It will not be habitable although the shell remains. Houses should have owners in the US. Shared ownership begins to have problems. One family moving out and another moving in can take months. Houses can last centuries if maintained. If neglected the will deteriorate quickly. Owners will hesitate to let tenants move in if they are going to tear the house up. In practical terms it means they will not rent for a low price.


Question: What dictates how bright or dark a phone screen can get?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
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 What dictates how bright or dark a phone screen can get?

Typical LCD screens have a white backlight and on top of that is a liquid crystal panel that can block certain colors, or all of them. If you block green and blue light, the display will look red, for example. If you also block the red light, the display will be dark. The easiest way to make a display brighter is to make the backlight more powerful. This is relatively simple since it's easy to produce bright white light. The problem with that is that the LCD panel on top does not block 100% of the light, so if your backlight is too bright, areas that are supposed to be black look gray instead. That means how bright or dark it can get depends on how good the LCD is at blocking and passing light. Ideally you would want a panel that can go from 100% transparent to 100% opaque. That way you could have a very bright backlight and still get perfect blacks. In the real world LCDs are neither 100% transparent nor 100% opaque, so it's always a trade-off between maximum brightness and dark enough blacks. OLED screens work on a different principle because they don't have a backlight and each (sub-)pixel can emit light. So you get almost perfect blacks when a pixel is off, and the maximum brightness is limited by how much light you can squeeze out of a tiny, tiny LED.


Question: Why does our body metabolize a lot of chemicals into toxins, like Isopropanol to Acetone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does our body metabolize a lot of chemicals into toxins, like Isopropanol to Acetone?

It’s not something the body is “actively” doing. In other words, it isn’t intentional. The body is basically “taking” what it needs from the compounds that is had access to, and sometimes the product happens to be harmful. What’s fascinating is that over time, humans have developed incredibly complex ways to either repurpose or dispose of these toxins. This likely is a result of years and years of natural selection, which I always found incredibly interesting.


Question: Whenever I buy a video game disc, (Xbox, Ps4, etc.) It says it needs to download the game into the console. Isn't the game already on the disc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Whenever I buy a video game disc, (Xbox, Ps4, etc.) It says it needs to download the game into the console. Isn't the game already on the disc?

On modern consoles it has to install the data from the disc onto the console's hard drive. That's because blu-ray drives are just too slow to load data for modern games, so it has to be installed on a faster (although still pretty slow to be honest) hard drive. Usually you also have to download patches, even if the game has just come out. The data that goes onto the disc has to be ready months before the game comes out. So in the time between that data being ready and the game actually coming out the developers continue to work on fixing bugs, tweaking the gameplay, maybe even adding features. So when the game actually comes out there is an update ready and waiting to be downloaded. In theory if the game is single player you can choose not to download the update and just play it anyway. But unfortunately some games are pretty broken without that day 1 patch.


Question: Why is ethernet faster than WiFi?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is ethernet faster than WiFi?

Imagine taking to a friend face-to-face; in a quiet room; seated across from each other at a table. Now imagine talking from around a corner, in a crowded hallway; during a house party. In the first scenario, you and your friend understand what the other person says the first time, every time. In the second scenario, you keep having to yell, "WHAT?!?". Ethernet is like the first scenario. There is very little signal loss or noise. WiFi signals require a lot more resending because of noise and attenuation.


Question: if the digits of Pi are not random, why are all the digits distributed so evenly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if the digits of Pi are not random, why are all the digits distributed so evenly?

The digits of pi aren't random because they're derived from a formula (such as an infinite series, in the case of pi). However, because the digits of pi never repeat, over a large enough sample size, the number of occurrences of each digit will approach 10%. This is true of any non-repeating irrational number - e, the square root of 2, etc. EDIT: thanks for the corrections below - turns out it’s only true if *most* real numbers! This is what I get for trying to remember college math trivia!


Question: exactly how the dollar is backed by Gold reserves. Also please explain, if possible, why we even need the resource to back the note?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 exactly how the dollar is backed by Gold reserves. Also please explain, if possible, why we even need the resource to back the note?

It isn't. At least not directly, anymore. It used to be on a gold standard, meaning your 20 dollar note was worth a set amount of gold, the exact weight was changeable due to inflation, but was relatively stable. In times of crisis, they would temporarily drop off the Standard and issue money as "fiat", meaning it is worth what people say it is worth, usually based on the amount of physical currency printed. In 1971, Nixon took the currency to fiat for the last time, permanently severing the ties to Gold, allowing the price of gold to skyrocket and allowing increased fund availability to the Reserve.


Question: when a wood screw is tightened into wood so much that it begins to just spin without tightening, how does it not just fall right out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when a wood screw is tightened into wood so much that it begins to just spin without tightening, how does it not just fall right out?

It can. But there is also a bunch of wood fibres in the space so it has friction to overcome before it can just "slide out" under pressure that screw will pop out but just the fact that the wood material is there helps hold it in place.


Question: Why do we go through stages of grief instead of just accepting it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we go through stages of grief instead of just accepting it?

Those stages of grief ARE the stages of acceptance. It takes time because it’s a major shock to your whole system. If you get your leg ripped off in an accident you don’t immediately realize you’ve lost a leg. First you freak the F out. Then maybe they try to find a way to reattach it. Then they tell you it can’t be done. Then you’re in the hospital thinking I’m never going to do XYZ again because I’ve only got one leg. Then you get a prosthetic leg and start learning how to do stuff again. Then one day maybe you’re able to do the same stuff you could do before, albeit differently now.


Question: Why does a candle not create smoke when burning but lots of smoke when you blow it out?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a candle not create smoke when burning but lots of smoke when you blow it out?

When the flame is lit...that smoke is being burned. The smoke is vaporized wax. When you blow it out, the wick is still hot enough to vaporize wax, but not ignite it. If you cool the wick like lick your finger or put in water, the wick is no longer hot enough to vaporize wax.


Question: Why do all movies cost the same?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do all movies cost the same?

This is a good question. Firstly, there are tiered cost. My theatre offers standard screenings, 3D and luxury class (this can be standard or 3D but comes with better seating and waiters bringing you cooked meals, desserts and drinks including alcohol, coffee, ice chocolates, etc). Then there are imax theatres, as well as cheaper arthouse theatres. However, this doesn't directly answer your question because each of those tiers still costs the same regardless of which movie is played there. What it DOES mean though, is that there is limited showing and seating capacity per each tier. Regardless of WHAT movie is being seen in each tier, you're still paying for a 'theatre experience' of that tier. This is what is valued, not the movie screening. The movies are simply selected (typically, studios may cut deals and stuff to get their screenings shown, might be rare but can't exclude the possibility) based on their ability to fill the seats in each tier to maximise profit. This is where capitalism and supply/demand takes effect. "Of all the movies at our disposal, which should be selected for the luxury screenings this week? Which for 3D and other tiers? How many screenings of each?"


Question: When the news says 'The feds raised the interest rates', what are they talking about, and what impact this this have on the economy?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When the news says 'The feds raised the interest rates', what are they talking about, and what impact this this have on the economy?

Should be noted, The Federal Reserve, not the federal government. Interest rate hikes do somewhat negatively affect the economy in the short term but is necessary to prevent runoffs and economic catastrophe. It helps refill the coffers of the fed reserve, so they can continue lending money to banks and goverment. It helps to balance the books. Once there is again a surplus in the reserves the rates will lower again, lending will be less restrictive and people will spend more.


Question: What is a Fourier Transform and why was it necessary to render the image of the total solar eclipse?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a Fourier Transform and why was it necessary to render the image of the total solar eclipse?

Lots of correct answers about Fourier transforms, but no one has directly addressed the second part of the question: why it was needed to render that image. The answer is that when you take an image of an eclipse, the photo has a mixture of fuzzy/cloudy features, sharp edges, and everything in between. Using the Fourier transform you can break down the original image into all the constituent parts (fuzzy stuff, sharp stuff, edges, noise, etc) and then you can selectively pick just the one you want to recreate the image. More technically, you will generally omit the features that have lower frequencies, and retain certain higher frequencies for an image like this. You can also recreate the original image using multiples of a certain frequency. So, say there's a sharp feature that shows up well in a certain frequency, you might add multiples of that specific feature into the final image. It takes a surprising amount of experience to get really good at processing images like this, but the outcomes can be amazing.


Question: Why do sugar granules dissolve faster in liquids when you stir them with a spoon, than just leaving it to sit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do sugar granules dissolve faster in liquids when you stir them with a spoon, than just leaving it to sit?

When something starts dissolving in water, it increases the amount of stuff dissolved in that particular part of water. The more stuff is already dissolved, the less likely it is that more dissolves into it. If you just leave it sit, diffusion is the only process that carries the dissolved molecules away so fresh water without anything dissolved can come by to pick up more molecules. If you stir, you artificially accelerate the carrying-away of dissolved molecules, making more space for new ones to dissolve faster.


Question: Why does road construction shut down miles when they only work on like 800 feet at a time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does road construction shut down miles when they only work on like 800 feet at a time?

The biggest issue is traffic management. If just reduced the lanes of travel immediately around the repair, what safety buffer do you have for an inattentive driver that fails to yield? There is no avoiding that a reduction of a lane is going to slow traffic. The traffic conditions dictate that road needed 3 lanes and now you’ve dropped it to 2. To minimize the effect, you reduce the lane as early as possible. Hopefully drivers will merge and unify, although they never do because proper zippering isn’t taught and drivers are dicks or on their phone. You should have merged traffic on the reduced lane by the time you get to the construction site itself. So traffic can proceed without being bothered by the construction, again this never works because people are nosy and slow down to see what’s happening. There is also additional room allotted for additional construction vehicles, materials, the impact of the work zone on run-off, environment, etc. and several other lessor concerns. You’ll notice that very shortly after passing an actual construction site the road should reopen to its full potential.


Question: Why do emulators emulate, not simulate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do emulators emulate, not simulate?

emulation is much simpler. You maybe have 100 instructions to emulate, with their associated effects. Imagine trying to get the interconnects right for 50,000 transistors in code. One mistake and your "chip" doesnt work.


Question: How are free divers like Guillaume Néry able to go into the depths on a single breath?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are free divers like Guillaume Néry able to go into the depths on a single breath?

Free divers (people that dive down long distances) have tricks to dive deep. To keep the oxygen inside them for longer, they take advantage of something called the divers reflex. The divers reflex slows your heart rate, it's activated by jumping into cold water. Another thing they may do is hyperventilating before they jump in [DON'T TRY THIS, IT'S DANGEROUS]. Hyperventilating before let's you lower your level of co^2 which is something your body needs to get rid of when you hold your breath. When you breath your body get's rid of co^2 and takes in oxygen. Your body builds up co^2 quicker than it's need for oxygen. By lowering the levels of co^2 before you jump in you can stay in until your oxygen runs out. Free divers also usually have very large lungs to hold in more air so they can stay underwater for longer. I'm not fully sure how they combat buoyancy but it definitely is a challenge. Here's a link that goes more in depth URL_0 .


Question: What does water actually taste of?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does water actually taste of?

Nothing, it does not trigger any taste buds (if it did, the water in your mouth would trigger them, so you'd taste it all the time).


Question: Why do old books sometimes replace names of places with a dash?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do old books sometimes replace names of places with a dash?

There were different reasons for doing this, none had to do with not being allowed to disclose the real location. It was a fashionable thing to do for awhile, but had different reasons: - To avoid having to do extensive research about a place the author knew nothing about and never visited. A genuine problem in those days. - To give a fictional story an air of legitimacy, by pretending names and places had to be redacted to protect identities and locations - Less frequently as a “nod” to readers familiar with their other work, who would understand the reference while others wouldn’t.


Question: Why does garbage/trash always have a similar smell even if it consists of different things every time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does garbage/trash always have a similar smell even if it consists of different things every time?

Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why does garbage always smell the same? ]( URL_0 ) 1. [Why does all garbage have the same overall smell? ]( URL_4 ) 1. [ELI5: Why does garbage have that distinct "garbage smell", seemingly regardless of what's in it? ]( URL_1 ) 1. [ELI5: Why does garbage have a distinct smell when it's such a large variety of waste items? ]( URL_2 ) 1. [ELI5: Why every garbage dumpster smells the same? ]( URL_3 )


Question: How do film companies increase the quality of a movie 50+ years after filming?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do film companies increase the quality of a movie 50+ years after filming?

Physical film has a very high resolution - from around 4K to 8k+ depending on the size of the film used when shooting the movie. They need it to as they’re looking for a clear image when projecting onto a 40 foot wide screen! But for a long time the distribution media for home consumption didn’t have the storage capacity and playback media didn’t have the resolution - so the quality was downgraded for home use for more economical distribution without really impacting what people could see on their TVs. When they remaster these films they go back and use the original footage and transfer it to current media at the full resolution.


Question: the difference between speed and momentum?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 the difference between speed and momentum?

Speed tells us how much distance an object has covered in a given amount of time. Speed = Distance/Time. Momentum tells us how easily we can move an object. Differentiating momentum gives us force. Momentum = Mass*Velocity. Speed has no direction specified with it whereas momentum has a direction defined on the basis of the objects velocity. Unit of speed is m/s. Unit of momentum is kg m/s.


Question: how do you find the root of a number without a calculator, like when you raise it to a 1/2 power, how exactly do you find the result by doing it on paper?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do you find the root of a number without a calculator, like when you raise it to a 1/2 power, how exactly do you find the result by doing it on paper?

[Newton’s method]( URL_0 ) It is basically trial and error, but you use the size of the error from your previous guess along with information about the slope of the function near your guess to help you make your next guess. It works quite well! The error goes down a lot with each step and you home in on an accurate answer quite quickly.


Question: How does a gym's business model hold up? The equipment is insanely costly and the memberships cost next to nothing in most cases. How does it pay off the investment AND become a stable income source?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a gym's business model hold up? The equipment is insanely costly and the memberships cost next to nothing in most cases. How does it pay off the investment AND become a stable income source?

It's like planet fitness cheap membership so everyone and their mom signs up, but then they literally never go. So tons of $20. A month payments and if you forget a yearly fee but noone uses it.


Question: Why does bleach make so many different materials of different chemical compositions lighter even though it presumably interacts with them in distinct ways?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does bleach make so many different materials of different chemical compositions lighter even though it presumably interacts with them in distinct ways?

No, it interacts with them all in the same way, depending on the bleach. What bleach generally does is to oxidize (for chlorine based bleaches) or reduce (sulphur dioxide) the chemical bonds of the pigments in whatever you put it on, which has the effect of removing the colour from them. This is the same thing that high-energy photons in sunlight does, but it obviously happens much faster.


Question: Can someone please explain to me how massive boats float?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can someone please explain to me how massive boats float?

Buoyancy and water displacement. They float because they weigh less than the water they displace. The boats may be very heavy, but the inside of the boat is mostly just air, so the water they displace is even heavier. The heavier water is pushing back up against the bottom of the boats keeping them afloat. A ship stops floating and sinks when it weighs more than the water it displaces (like when there's a hull breech - like the Titanic).


Question: Are tropical forests poor or rich in nutrients and what effect does deforestation have on the underlying soil?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are tropical forests poor or rich in nutrients and what effect does deforestation have on the underlying soil?

Your argument is mostly true. However there are many variables in any ecosystem. Many of these variables live in a symbiotic (one organism helps out another organism for mutual survival) relationship which help when something is lacking such as water or nutrients. The downfall of this is when one in the symbiotic relationship perishes, the other must relocate or perish. Such as animals that cool down under the shades of trees, making it their home, hunting place and eating place. The mycelium which helps trees absorb nutrients from water and soil dies off when the tree dies. Thus causing a chain reaction of sorts.


Question: Why is it the faster we go in and vehicle or mode of transportation we get wobbly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it the faster we go in and vehicle or mode of transportation we get wobbly?

Because no matter what medium you're traveling on/in, there are irregularities and the faster you pass over/through them, the more quickly they displace you. Think of it like someone grabbing your shoulders and moving them back and forth. If they do it slowly, you dont feel much of an effect. If they do it quickly, your head will whip back and forth.


Question: How did people determine that the elements in the periodic table were, in fact, elements and not compounds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did people determine that the elements in the periodic table were, in fact, elements and not compounds?

It's all a matter of testing different chemical reactions, and carefully measuring the masses of the substances input vs. the substances output. Suppose you have a tank full of oxygen and a tank full of hydrogen. You've measured the masses of these two samples, and then you combine them in a combustion reaction to produce H2O. By taking a few tries, you fine-tune this reaction so that it completely uses up the gases, with no leftover hydrogen and no leftover oxygen. You also capture the H2O and measure its mass. Now, if the mass of the water equals the combined mass of the input gases, then you know you've accounted for all the matter in this reaction. In this case, you might have found that in order to produce 90 grams of water, you had to combine 80g of oxygen and 10g of hydrogen. And now you have a math puzzle, based on the relative masses of oxygen and hydrogen you used. The ratio is 8 to 1. An oxygen atom has 16 nucleons and a hydrogen atom has 1, so an oxygen atom is 16 times more massive. And to make a water molecule it takes 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen. That means that every water molecule contains 2 mass units' worth of hydrogen and 16 of oxygen. Or reducing the fraction, it's 1 to 8. That's the ratio we were looking for! Of course, just knowing that one ratio, 1:8, for producing water, doesn't give you all the info you need to work out oxygen and hydrogen's place in the periodic table. But as you find more and more ways to combine different reactants with each other, and measure the ratios for all of them, it starts to be possible to make deductions.


Question: does inflation just keep working forever? What happens when a dollar becomes useless?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 does inflation just keep working forever? What happens when a dollar becomes useless?

You do like Mexico did in 1993, and you just say a *new* dollar ($$ Dollar) is worth 1000 *old* dollars ($ dollar), and you issue all new currency. Bam! Prices are back to normal amounts again.


Question: What is the difference between an allele, a trait, and a variation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between an allele, a trait, and a variation?

There are certain regions on your DNA that code for proteins (and other stuff). These regions are called genes and have a specific location (the "locus") on the DNA. When the base sequence varies, these variations are called different alleles of that gene. A trait is just something that you observe in an Individual. It can be caused by one or multiple genes. For example, there are many different genes that control the trait height.


Question: What are those drops of water you feel land on you out of nowhere sometimes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are those drops of water you feel land on you out of nowhere sometimes?

Maybe a silly question but do you actually see wetness when it happens? It might just be a type of physical nerve sensation.