Question: What are the differences in quality between a $1,000 violin, $10,000 violin and $100,000 violin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 What are the differences in quality between a $1,000 violin, $10,000 violin and $100,000 violin?

People here are all pointing out that a 5 million dollar violin has basically the same sound as a 100k, but then they're incorrectly extrapolating this to mean "all violins sound the same", which is definitely incorrect. In the video that somebody else linked [\(linked here again in case his comment gets deleted)]( URL_1 ), the sound difference is most noticeable when he plays thunderstruck [\(on the cheap violin,]( URL_2 ), [, on one of the expensive violins)]( URL_0 ). So basically, a super cheap violin doesn't sound good, but above a certain price point there is no actual sonic reason to get a move expensive violin.


Question: How do developers of free games earn money?

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 How do developers of free games earn money?

Yes they are. They are more profitable than subscription games like the MMO's of old. People LOVE customizing their avatars, their looks, and those who are willing to pay for that stuff often pay big. As an example, Star Wars game, all weapons function the same, but wouldn't YOU want to be the one with the purple light-saber. [Here's an article]( URL_0 ) that discusses micro-transactions, and LoL specifically.


Question: Since snakes can’t hear why do rattlesnakes know to rattle as a warning?

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 Since snakes can’t hear why do rattlesnakes know to rattle as a warning?

Just because they can’t hear it (though my snakes seem to be able to hear) doesn’t mean that it doesn’t still have an evolutionary advantage to rattle. It’s not something they learn—they’re born doing it.


Question: Why does a hot compress help to “draw” an infection to the surface of the skin?

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 Why does a hot compress help to “draw” an infection to the surface of the skin?

It doesn’t. What it does do though is open up capillaries and bring increased blood flow to the area which does promote healing. If it’s hot enough your skin will turn red.


Question: Why are posts getting so many awards these days?

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 Why are posts getting so many awards these days?

reddits been giving them away every once in awhile to stimulate their sales. If you click the little coin icon in the upper right corner of the screen it gives you an option to open a treasure chest that has a feee reward.


Question: how do you use a derivative?

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 how do you use a derivative?

Derivative is the rate of change. So if you go 5 m/s one second, 7 m/s the next second, 9 m/s the second after that, the derivative of your speed is 2 (or, rather, acceleration is the derivative of speed). The rate of change of a constant function (such as C) is 0, because constant function doesn't change. The rate of change of a linearly rising/dropping function is a positive/negative constant. There's a table of formulas for the derivatives of more complex functions and a bunch of rules for converting them.


Question: Why would our economy break down when people only consume what they need and work when it is essential?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why would our economy break down when people only consume what they need and work when it is essential?

The reason the economy breaks down is because we go from creating a lot of value to much less value in a short amount of time. If we stabilized only doing essential work and distributed wealth better we would create less value overall, but we would probably still be able to have decent lives.


Question: The difference between fractional reserve banking and a Ponzi scheme?

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 The difference between fractional reserve banking and a Ponzi scheme?

> I'd not thought much about it but I watched an interesting YouTube video and agree that, to my level of understanding, they seem structurally identical. It all comes down to you not understanding what you are talking about at all. In a Ponzi Scheme the money only flows one direction: Up toward the top. The people at the top get more wealthy while the people on the bottom lose money. There is no expectation of the money being paid toward the top coming back down, only the promise that more money can be acquired from new idiots. Eventually the idiots run out though. In fractional reserve banking the money flows in and out. Money people deposit is not "gone", it is a debt which the banks are expected to repay at some point in the future. In the meantime they can loan some of that money out to other people who pay a fee for the privilege, keeping a fraction in reserve (hence the name) for people who want to withdraw some money. In this case the profits made by the banks come from the service of temporary use of wealth, and the money of the participants (customers of the bank) is conceptually a zero-sum game: They get out exactly the same amount they put in, from the entity they gave it to.


Question: Friction and energy can cause heat, but what exactly causes something to cool down?

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 Friction and energy can cause heat, but what exactly causes something to cool down?

If one thing is hotter than its environment it cools down by distributing its energy to the environment, however what you wante to know is how heat is converted to different forms of energy if i understood correctly. The simplest example is a chemichal reaction that forms a bond between two or more atoms or molecules using the heat energy and turning it into chemical energy.


Question: Why do fats clog things?

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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do fats clog things?

Also they’re usually insoluble in water. So they aren’t “washed out” as easily and thus build up.


Question: Do authors/poets actually think of the "metaphorical meaning" when writing, or are teachers just over-analytical?

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<answer>
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 Do authors/poets actually think of the "metaphorical meaning" when writing, or are teachers just over-analytical?

There was a a high school student in the 1960s who wrote 75 famous authors asking them this very question. He actually got a ton of responses. The kid went on to become a literature professor or some shit. URL_0


Question: Can someone explains what happens to meteors and meterorites?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<answer>
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 Can someone explains what happens to meteors and meterorites?

Small ones that survive the trip slow down enough that they land like any rock. They may shatter, or plunk down in one piece if they're sturdy enough. Bigger ones don't lose much speed and carve out craters if they hit land. Most of them fall in the oceans, where they sink to the bottom. They're really not that hot when they land, the outside is scalded from the ride but the inside is deep-space cold. You can find the small ones laying around if you're lucky. They have distictive smooth and blackened exteriors that look different from generic rocks. Some have enough iron to stick to magnets. The ones that get pulverized in the atmosphere just sprinkle down as a fine dust, along with all the other pollen and dirt that covers everything.


Question: Why were prehistoric animals so massive?

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 Why were prehistoric animals so massive?

Some were. A lot of prehistoric animals weren't particularly big. A lot of living animals are enormous. It's just that the big ones are the most interesting, so you think about them more, and they get more attention. On a separate note, the past is, if nothing else, *different* from the present. Which means that the animals that occupied different niches were different, so we see a different set of big animals compared to small ones.


Question: Why do nautical miles exist instead of using standard miles?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do nautical miles exist instead of using standard miles?

Nautical miles are used because point to point measurement doesn't work well at sea, when literally every point is just water, looks the same an moves. A nautical mile is a division of the circumference of the earth equal to one minute of latitude. It makes navigation easier because the charts and maps use the lines of latitude and longitude to show positions and distances etc This applies to aircraft as well.


Question: Why paper cannot be folded more than 7 times?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why paper cannot be folded more than 7 times?

It can be folded more then 7 times. I think the record is 13 times. It's held by the Myth busters build team. The reason it's so hard to do it by hand each time you fold it doubles the number of layers. So you start at 2 layers on the first fold but by the 7th you have 128 layers. Also your paper shrinks in area at the same time. A young lady in Australia did 11 folds by using toliet paper stretched over the floor of a mall.


Question: Why Does String Cheese taste better when pulled apart, rather than when just biting into it?

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<answer>
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 Why Does String Cheese taste better when pulled apart, rather than when just biting into it?

Likely more surface area. Reminds me of Kramer from the meat slicer episode of Seinfeld. 'the flavour has nowhere to hide'


Question: When a physical music album is manufactured, how do they put the tracks to the CD-R without getting them leaked by the people who work at the manufacturing company?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 When a physical music album is manufactured, how do they put the tracks to the CD-R without getting them leaked by the people who work at the manufacturing company?

The companies have large security for all people going in and out of the facilities and track production very well to ensure all copies are accounted for. Before you enter and leave you go through airport like security detectors to see if you're carrying metal or cds out. How people would get out copies is pretty cool. You'd take one off the line and tag it as defective and trash it, as per the process for defective cds. Then after your shift you'd slyly sneak over and take it out of the trash. But now security. How to get it past an airport scanner? Be a redneck! You wear a large metal cowboy belt buckle, secretly hide the cd behind it, and when you go through security, they think it's just the big belt buckle. A huge amount of CDs that got stolen and released online were actually just from one single guy who worked in a North Carolina cd manufacturing plant named Dell Glover. A lot of this is recounted in what is roughly the seminal book on it right now by Stephan Witt called [How Music Got Free]( URL_0 ). It's a great read and ties back how the trends in music changed from physical to digital and the story of stealing pre-release cds is one of the driving forces


Question: Why can't we move our eyes individually?

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 Why can't we move our eyes individually?

The visual center of the human brain combines the information that it receives from both eyes to form a picture of what you are seeing. If your eyes are not both looking in the same direction at the same thing, you get a confusing effect like a double-exposed photograph. There do exist some species which move their eyes independently, but they have a different way of interpreting visual information.


Question: How come wind cools you down, since it’s literally moving atoms, hitting your skin, creating kinetic energy?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come wind cools you down, since it’s literally moving atoms, hitting your skin, creating kinetic energy?

Your perception of temperature is largely governed by how quickly your body can shed heat. And how quickly your body can shed heat is related to the temperature difference between your body and the air immediately surrounding your body. The smaller the difference, the less quickly you shed heat and the warmer you feel. Wind (or any other form of air circulation) moves the air that you've warmed away from your body and replaces it with air that has yet to be warmed by your body. This is why wind only makes you feel cooler if the air temperature is, in fact, cooler than your body.


Question: Why do people feel like they need to pee more when standing/sitting still?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do people feel like they need to pee more when standing/sitting still?

When you're active, your body is basically telling itself that you are too busy to pee. If you're running from a tiger, it wouldn't be the best time to take a piss. But if you're laying and standing still, then you're body is basically deciding that everything must be fine and it's safe to use the restroom.


Question: How did Morse code machines connect and send electromagnetic pulses over long distances?

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<answer>
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 How did Morse code machines connect and send electromagnetic pulses over long distances?

It was literally done with wires. Back in the day, sending a telegram was called 'sending a wire' and when radio came in it was known as 'wireless telegraphy.' If you look at pictures of old time steam trains there's almost always a telegraph wire running next to the train tracks.


Question: Why do we have to calculate our taxes ourselves?

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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do we have to calculate our taxes ourselves?

You shouldn’t have to. This is one of those many areas where the US is a bit special. You have the whole tax industry lobbying for it. Here in Australia it’s free, online and government run. A simple return takes under 30 seconds to fill out. From last year, data is immediately added to the system with every paycheque, so you simply log in, confirm the amounts match, add any deductions and it either gives you a bill or deposits money into your account. Complex returns take longer but I’ve always been able to fill out a personal return even in really complex years. You shouldn’t have to pay to get access to your own money. On top of that, the income tax accountant industry still does really well.


Question: Why are rocket exhaust ports increasing in diameter, while jet engine exhaust ports are decreasing?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why are rocket exhaust ports increasing in diameter, while jet engine exhaust ports are decreasing?

Wasn't going to answer, but a lot of these answers are missing the main point. & #x200B; The point of an an engine is to shoot gas out the back as fast as possible. The faster the gas goes, the more thrust per mass you get. & #x200B; For gas flows below the speed of sound, increasing the pressure makes them faster. All nozzles, jet or rocket, will include a section that decreases in size. This accelerates the gas until it reaches the speed of sound, and for most jet engines that's all that we do. & #x200B; However, rocket engines really need more thrust per mass of gas expelled, because every gram of gas expelled takes up space in a very limited fuel tank, so they accelerate the gasses even more, using what is called a de Laval nozzle (converging-diverging). & #x200B; For supersonic flows, the effect of pressure changes. Now, low pressures make the gas go faster, so we expand the gas as much as possible as soon as our flow reaches the "throat", where the gas flow reaches the speed of sound. & #x200B; Of course, we can't expand the gas until it has lower pressure than the atmosphere, because then the atmosphere kind of pushes back into the nozzle, and we can get some really weird shockwave-type effects. But that's talk for another day.


Question: How can a company like Amazon continue to operate if it has never been profitable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can a company like Amazon continue to operate if it has never been profitable?

Amazon could become profitable if they liked. Instead they view growth as more important. so instead of making a "profit" they instead invest all of their money back into their business to grow. (Amazon has been showing profits though in more recent times) For a company like Amazon, there isn't much need to show profits. why, because what do you do with profit? You give them to your owners (shareholders), and no one is expecting Amazon to do that, or wants them to do that. They view spending their money to grow to produce more money later is better than a little money now.


Question: How do composers write music?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do composers write music?

It's all a grand formula called music theory. With Hans Zimmer and most other composers the steps go kind of like this: find a theme, build a central melody and build around the melody. Finding a theme is first step of the creative process and a theme can be deliberately sought after by a composer or it can just come to them. Hans Zimmer wrote the score to the Dark Knight because he was paid to write a Dark Knight soundtrack. Beethoven wrote his fifth symphony because he was contemplating his life after going near deaf. Think of this as the overall spirit or personality of the piece. The next step is developing a melody or motif, this step often includes most of the technical structuring of the piece. This can include time signature, playing directives, key signature and tempo. Think about the iconic Dark Knight theme and how it fits the theme of the movie itself. Or perhaps think about the easily recognizable opening of the Fifth Symphony (short short short long) that reappears throughout the piece. This step is probably the most important step in the composition process and is the heart of the piece. The last step is usually to develop a harmony and 'background'. This includes most of minor instrumentation, bass line and beat. This step is important and it's what separates a good composer from a great one, however it isn't as central to the piece as the first two steps.


Question: what is the money based on? What makes the dollar valuable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is the money based on? What makes the dollar valuable?

The US dollar used to be based on gold. Hence the term "gold-standard". Every dollar you had could be traded into a bank for a certain amount of gold. That's not really the case anymore and now it's really just based off of the faith of the consumer. I'm not an economics expert or anything, but this is my understanding.


Question: how are purchases correctly identified as fraudulent by credit card companies when there is nothing “unusual” about them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how are purchases correctly identified as fraudulent by credit card companies when there is nothing “unusual” about them?

Kind of like data mining. Some companies will alert you if you buy something off a new website, or if the website is frequented by hackers. Let’s say you buy a bike online for $130. $130 isn’t that much money. However, people usually don’t order bikes off the internet. That’ll raise a red flag. And of course if there’s a pattern that’s a red flag as well. Hackers tend to either buy a bunch of little stuff in a short span of time, or a few expensive things in a longer period of time. So companies look for things like that, even though it could be normal.


Question: What is an electrical surge protector and what can potentially happen without it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is an electrical surge protector and what can potentially happen without it?

Surge protection basically means that if there's a lightning stroke or something that causes a sudden increase in voltage, the protector will stop it from ruining your electronics. It's good to have in general, but especially on your expensive devices.


Question: When I'm having a shower, although 95% of the human body is not in contact with any hot water, why does it still feel warm in general, even when it's really cold in the bathroom?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When I'm having a shower, although 95% of the human body is not in contact with any hot water, why does it still feel warm in general, even when it's really cold in the bathroom?

The air surrounding where the water is falling is going to be much warmer than the rest of the air in the room, especially with a shower curtain closed - creating a semi-enclosed enviornment. Additionally, you're likely rotating your body a bit - any areas of skin that had direct contact with hot water 10 seconds ago are still going to be warmer than those that never had contact with hot water.


Question: How does a scale calculate your Body Fat, Muscle Mass, BMI and etc.... when you’re weighing yourself?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a scale calculate your Body Fat, Muscle Mass, BMI and etc.... when you’re weighing yourself?

For BMI you would have to tell it your height as BMI is just a "score" based on your height and weight. For body fat/ muscle mass the scale can run a current through your body to measure your body's electrical resistance as fat and muscle have different ratios between mass and resistance.


Question: How do the people who plan high school reunions find everyone after years of being away from their home towns?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do the people who plan high school reunions find everyone after years of being away from their home towns?

They usually remember their names. You can also ask your school for a name list and they usually have it. From there you can just facebook search people. If you can not find someone you can ask his friends from school etc.


Question: How are losses calculated for Netflix when they finance a show? For example, Marco Polo "resulted in a $200 million loss for Netflix."

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are losses calculated for Netflix when they finance a show? For example, Marco Polo "resulted in a $200 million loss for Netflix."

Netflix has a pretty interesting youtube channel and blog from their data team. They have systems that build out advertisements and they track every action on the website/app. With this data they also have very advanced data pipelines that allow their data scientists to unpack the actions performed by users against what they forecasted before launch. My simple assumption would be: cost to make show + advertising costs - (lifetime value effect for customer persona* x audience size) = ROI for the show *Shows could also can be used to limit churn for targeted audience persona. Like if netflix lost "Friends" they would have to find 3-4 shows to bring on to appease those viewers. I also assume that these numbers are calculated before the show is started. So they might assume that the customer segment they made the show for will love this and if it doesn't reach the audience acceptance then it loses money.


Question: Why does your tongue get swollen when you are dehydrated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does your tongue get swollen when you are dehydrated?

It's called "Scalloped Tongue" and it happens because your body is trying to keep all of the water it has (because it doesn't have enough), which causes swelling. It just so happens to be your tongue that is swelling up. & #x200B; It goes down when you drink because your body isn't trying to hoard all the water now.


Question: How Do Cults Indoctrinate People?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How Do Cults Indoctrinate People?

It depends, but usually cults just target as many people as possible with flyers or booklets or websites, and then the people that respond to the ads get targeted for conversion. These people tend to be more open or more gullible than the average person. Another tactic is to give individuals in desperate need of help a break, knowing that they'll be much more receptive to the cults teachings after having been given food, shelter, or work. If you've watched The Path on Hulu, which I highly recommend, you see this exact tactic at the beginning of the first episode after a tornado destroys a neighborhood. The other thing to remember is that cults don't start new people off at level 10, full Xenu crazy level. They start new recruits off with what amounts to bible study and basic therapy. Sure, the cults version of the bible is going to be a little weird, but that weirdness is saved for the higher ups and true believers. The combination of these two things leads to positive thoughts about the cult. That forms the carrot to keep people coming back. The stick to keep people from leaving is that the cults leaders will often try to gain some control over the person's life. That could mean getting kicked out of the cult that's now giving you a roof over your head, or scientology style blackmail secretly recorded during your early counseling sessions. Eventually, the human mind will conform itself to just about any situation, and will either swallow the bullshit or start to believe it to make life easier.


Question: What is the proper way to begin a sentence: One space after the period or two?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the proper way to begin a sentence: One space after the period or two?

They used to teach using two spaces, but one space is the correct way now. Two spaces were leftover from typewriter days.


Question: Why do blades get dull even if you only cut softer stuff with them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do blades get dull even if you only cut softer stuff with them?

Cutting requires a sharp edge. A sharp edge doesn't need to be scratched by something harder to be dulled. The edge itself can be bent by constant contact with the cutting board. When bent, you now have a curved hook cutting rather than a sharp point. A honing rod helps unbend the blade edge so that a knife can cut better. The other way is if the blade becomes dented from hitting something hard (e.g. bone). In this case, you may have to resharpen the blade by grinding away the dent.


Question: How does a video game programmed in a PC get stored in a cartridge that can be played by a console?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a video game programmed in a PC get stored in a cartridge that can be played by a console?

So ultimately what gets run on any piece of hardware is machine code, instructions that the chips on that hardware can understand. You can program in any "high level" programming language and then compile it, which means turning it into machine code. It's like translating from English to a region's local language. You can "target" a specific set of hardware, say a Nintendo Switch, by compiling specific machine code and making sure you meet certain limitations. Generally, developers who want to make games for a console can request to buy a dev unit from the makers, which is a system that has all the same specs as a normal console but are otherwise meant for ease of testing. They make sure that their games run well enough on the target system before publishing the game.


Question: I often hear commercials trying to get me to buy gold. If it’s such a great thing to own, why do the companies that have it want to sell it to me? Shouldn’t they want to keep it for themselves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I often hear commercials trying to get me to buy gold. If it’s such a great thing to own, why do the companies that have it want to sell it to me? Shouldn’t they want to keep it for themselves?

because they are doing business of gold.. they sell it at a price higher than what they paid to acquire it. If they won't sell it, how will they be able to recover the costs? Gold is inventory and not an asset for them


Question: Why is it not illegal to advertise things such as "hexagonal alkaline anti-oxidant water" and other products clearly targeted to gullible people?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it not illegal to advertise things such as "hexagonal alkaline anti-oxidant water" and other products clearly targeted to gullible people?

If you don't make false claims about the product's health effects, you may not be doing anything illegal. If you do make false claims, you are breaking the law, and regulators will in fact shut you down -- and may make you pay huge fines too. It takes time.


Question: how come we lose the ability to see objects as 3d as we increase distance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how come we lose the ability to see objects as 3d as we increase distance?

Our eyes are set slightly apart to give us 2 different pictures of an object...1 slightly to the left, and one slightly to the right. This is what gives us a 3D image. As the distance from our eyes to the object increases, this small offset becomes less and less noticable until both eyes are getting effectively the same image.


Question: How do we know instruments used in measuring the properties of distant objects (e.g. the mass of a star) are calibrated correctly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know instruments used in measuring the properties of distant objects (e.g. the mass of a star) are calibrated correctly?

Calibrating any measurement instrument is a combination of trial-and-error and testing agreement with mathematical models. If an instrument is measuring the thing it is designed to measure, doing this consistently, and getting results that make sense according to calculations about what they could/should measure based on how they work, then we would generally take them to be reasonable instruments. As our understanding grows, and as we encounter, analyze, and correct errors based on unexpected influences (e.g. human error, poor construction, degradation of the instrument, etc.), the idea of an acceptable instrument may change a bit, but the general idea is there.


Question: How do closed captions work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do closed captions work?

Traditionally used to be typed by a person on prerecorded programmes. Now it tends to be done by a computer program much like how Siri or Google assistant can listen to your voice then transcribe it to text. Just like Siri etc sometimes someone has an accent that slurs certain sounds and the software doesn't quite interprete it correctly.


Question: Why does exercise clear up blocked noses?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does exercise clear up blocked noses?

Exercise stimulates the sympathetic nervous system which is responsible for constricting the blood vessels in your nose. When they construct they release less mucous which in turn leads to a nose which isn’t blocked anymore.


Question: Why do quick, deep, breaths cause a feeling like a high?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do quick, deep, breaths cause a feeling like a high?

because you're hyperventilating and you're body doesn't like that. what's cool, though, is if you intentionally hyperventilate, your hands will eventually become painfully numb and your arms will spasm. the numbness will creep up your arms, almost like when they fall asleep in the middle of the night. we called them "t rex arms" when I got my wilderness first responder cert. if you can stand to not panic and prevent yourself from actually hyperventilating, it's a cool experience. if you think you'd freak out, you could have a friend be a breathing coach for you to calm you back down. that's why it's important to help someone who's having a panic attack... the breathing is a relatively "easy" thing to fix, but it can go sideways and scary real fast if they don't understand going on.


Question: How do you calculate the odds of events that happened multiple times in a row?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you calculate the odds of events that happened multiple times in a row?

You would multiply the chance of winning the game three times: (0.00168)^3 = 0.00168 * 0.00168 * 0.00168 = 4.74 * 10^(-9) = 0.00000000474 or 0.000000474% chance of winning the game. To calculate the chance of any sequence of events occurring, you multiply the chances of each event. In this example, the event was the same.


Question: the idea of the universe being a projection?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 the idea of the universe being a projection?

There are two distinct concepts here: (1) simulation, and (2) projection. First simulation. The theory is that what we experience (actually, what you experience) is not "real" but rather takes place as a sort of Sims situation. That is a massively powerful advanced computer of some sort is running a program of some sort and that we (you) are part of and created by and entirely within that program. The main reason to think this is (or at least could be) the case is because it stands to reason that any sufficiently advanced civilization will develop enormously powerful computers capable of running extremely detailed simulations (think of it like Minecraft x 1,000,000,000,...), and that these simulations will contain simulated beings, and that these simulated beings will not be told they're simulated by the programmers. While there can be only one fundamental "reality" there is no limit on the number of possible simulations that can exist. Given enough time, simulations will far, far, far outnumber the sole reality, and once that happens, what are the odds any individual being is in the one reality instead of the practically infinite simulations? The answer is somewhere close to zero, so the overwhelming odds are that we (you) are in a simulation. Next, projection. The idea here is that there seems to be a mathematically complete way to represent our three spacial + 1 temporal dimension (3D+1) universe as a 2D+1 universe on a surface infinitely far away (whatever that means). In other words, if (and this is a big if) all physical laws and all interactions of any kind between any particles, forces, etc. in our 3D+1 universe can be expressed fully and completely in the mathematics describing a 2D+1 surface, which is the true "reality"? Take a hologram for example. A hologram is a 3D image constructed by passing light through/off of a 2D surface in the right way. The hologram is projected into 3D space from the 2D surface. Fundamentally, the 2D surface exists independent of the 3D projection, and in fact, would continue to exist even if the light source stopped and the 3D hologram went away. So which is more "real" then? In the hologram example, the surface is more real than the image in the sense that it exists regardless of whether the projection exists. By analogy, if we are a 3D+1 projection from a 2D+1 surface, which is more real? Heady stuff, and check out PBS Spacetime series (especially the Holographic Universe series) on Youtube for some really nice layman-ish explanations.


Question: How do 3D printers work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do 3D printers work?

They work in a variety of ways, but the most common two types are FDM and SLA. FDM aid basically a computer controlled glue stick. It squeezes a long thin bead of semi molten plastic from a nozzle, which cools and hardens after it has left the nozzle. The part is split into layers, and the glue stick draws the outline of the layer, and then colours in the middle. It the moves up one layer and does it again until all the layers have been drawn. SLA uses a bath of liquid, which turns solid if you shine a bright light at it. So it uses a laser to draw on the liquid turning it solid layer by layer, much like the FDM a process drawing the outline and then colouring in the middle. The liquid is in a transparent tray and the laser shines up from below. There is a platform in the liquid which leaves a thin gap one layer in height to which the solidified liquid sticks. Once each layer is complete this platform moves up by one layer, leaving a thin layer of liquid under the solidified part, stuck to the platform and it all starts again.


Question: Why do extremely bright objects leave an imprint on our vision when looking away or blinking?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do extremely bright objects leave an imprint on our vision when looking away or blinking?

Basically the receptors in your retina have become overloaded because of the burst of light. Generally quick bursts from camera flashes/ suddenly turning the lights on aren't damage nor dangerous, its when you overload the receptors for long periods of time, such as staring at a welding arc, or very suddenly and very brightly, such as with a nuclear explosion. The damage may not cause permanent blinding but the damage will slowly compound. Even something as simple as staring at reflected sunlight off of water has been shown to degenerate.


Question: Why do hotels sell the same room for different prices?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do hotels sell the same room for different prices?

Same reason airlines sell same class seats on a flight for different prices... constantly adjusting for supply & demand, different platforms with different commission structures, different features/benefits ( may have to pre-pay from URL_0 , get nights toward free room if book directly through hotel, etc.)


Question: How do videogame companies copy-protect their games (physical discs)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do videogame companies copy-protect their games (physical discs)?

Mostly by doing things that are easy to detect, but hard to reproduce. For instance, one technique is placing artificial defects on the disk, and checking if they're there. Many duplication programs, when encountering a defect, won't create an identical defect in the copy. They'll try reading that data, fail, and then either abort the copy entirely, or write a readable but empty sector in its place on the copy. Some such methods rely on techniques that can only be done in a CD factory and that a burner is unable to reproduce. For some of them, the drive may be capable but still refuse to reproduce it because somebody convinced the drive's manufacturer to write the drive's firmware in such a way that it would not allow to do what's needed to duplicate the copy protection.


Question: How can people with certain medical issues like POTS or orthostatic hypotension handle putting up to 10 grams of salt in their system daily? Is it harmful over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can people with certain medical issues like POTS or orthostatic hypotension handle putting up to 10 grams of salt in their system daily? Is it harmful over time?

If their issue is hypotension I would argue salt would help their situation since it would increase their basal blood pressure Regardless, sodium levels in the body is very critical to maintain so the kidney do a very good job making sure that the concentration of sodium remains relatively constant by peeing out salt or retaining more water.


Question: Canned meat not needing refrigeration?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Canned meat not needing refrigeration?

Part of the canning process is heating the cans after they are sealed. The heat kills any bacteria present in the contents, and the sealed can prevents any new bacteria from getting in. As long as the can isn't compromised most canned goods remain safe almost indefinitely (although many won't taste good after a long time).


Question: Why is salt the only rock regularly ingested by humans in its pure form?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is salt the only rock regularly ingested by humans in its pure form?

Salt is actually a mineral, whereas a rock is a composite of multiple minerals and other substances. We can also consume other pure minerals safety in moderate amounts like gold and silver. Salt is uniquely tasty, soluble and cheap, so it’s generally the only mineral we eat in its raw form regularly.


Question: What is the biological reason for why too much brightness is destructive to eyes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the biological reason for why too much brightness is destructive to eyes?

Evolution doesn't work like that. Our visual system affords us excellent spatial tracking, binocular vision, color perception in the visual wavelength, and the ability to focus on and track both near and distant objects- not to look at the sun. There isn't an evolutionary advantage to be able to stare at the sun without harm, so that trait would have never developed. The light sensitive tissues of our eyes simply did not develop the ability to absorb that much radiation without being damaged.


Question: why is the square root of -100 an odd equasion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is the square root of -100 an odd equasion?

The square root of 100 is 10. There is no "real" square root of a negative number, because ~~no two numbers multiplied together~~ *no number multiplied by itself* can make a negative number. So we invented an "imaginary" number called i to represent the square root of -1. So the square root of -100 is 10 * i, also written as 10i. In other words, 10, but imaginary.


Question: How do tortoises stand up when they're put into their backs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do tortoises stand up when they're put into their backs?

[Like so]( URL_0 ). However, if the ground is too soft, or smooth and flat, they might not succeed. Death by overheating, dehydration or predation would be the most common consequence then.


Question: Why does feathers contract when in contact with oil?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does feathers contract when in contact with oil?

Individual feathers have something like a zip lock on the "vanes" the bits that come off the main part. This lets them hold the shape of the feather so it can catch air. Oil defeats the interlocking ability of the individual vanes on each feather, collapsing the structure. The feather looks ragged and can't keep it's shape till the oil is cleaned off. This usually requires soap.


Question: Why do we need to distinguish between rational and irrational numbers? What's the importance of knowing where they fall between the two?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we need to distinguish between rational and irrational numbers? What's the importance of knowing where they fall between the two?

Because, you can develop a definite value for a rational number, it is exact. Irrational numbers are approximations of the value, the more precise you get with it the closer you are to the true value, but you will never quite reach it. You can take pi to 25 quintillion decimal places, but you still won't have its exact value.


Question: Why does the same temperature feel different depending on the seasons?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the same temperature feel different depending on the seasons?

After winter I'm used to low temperatures, so with 7°c I'll hop on my bike with only a t-shirt on. But after summer I'm used to higher temperatures, so I'll get a coat at 18°c I think it's about what you are used to. Also humidity plays a big role. The same temperature but different humidity can feel completely different


Question: What exactly is a mechanical keyboard, is it something different from the kind of keyboard on a laptop or the kind of peripheral laptop you get at Staples? Is there something better about it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is a mechanical keyboard, is it something different from the kind of keyboard on a laptop or the kind of peripheral laptop you get at Staples? Is there something better about it?

Mechanical keyboards are distinguished in contrast to "membrane" keyboards which use a flexible membrane to separate two layers of conductive material from touching with small "bubbles". When pressure is applied to the raised areas of the membrane it completes the circuit and signals a key press. This is really cheap to produce and so it is most commonly used, but it feels spongy and wears out relatively quickly. In contrast a mechanical action for each key provides a better ~~tactical~~ tactile experience at the cost of.. well, cost.


Question: Why is 8d music called that?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is 8d music called that?

It's 8 directions, not 8 dimensions. It's because the source can move forward, backwards, left and right, up and down and around you


Question: How are some chip bags so absurdly loud?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are some chip bags so absurdly loud?

Some packaging materials will crumple in sudden loud ways when they're flexed, pushing a pressure wave through the air to your ears. The most infamous example is the "compostable" [SunChips bags]( URL_0 ) that led to jokes and consumer backlash. It's not too different from the physics of loud cicada insects that cause hearing damage at close range, just from *buckling* a series of "ribs" in a special organ they evolved. The bag manufacturer has to choose materials that keep the chips fresh and crisp, while also being environmentally responsible. It's up to them to run tests on issues like noise, that affect sales.


Question: - How do they track fish population?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - How do they track fish population?

Here’s one way I remember hearing about: You throw a net in, you get 20 fish, and tag them all. Then put them back. (This is how you would do it for lakes, I think) Later, you cast your net, and again pick up 20 fish. If, for simple math example, you found half of that (10) to be tagged, you’re going to assume that the lake has 40 fish in it, because your sample leads you to believe that the fish you picked up before make up approximately half of the overall population. Obviously multiple and larger samplings over more time will give you better data!