Question: How are Lightning and USB-C connectors able to work in both orientations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are Lightning and USB-C connectors able to work in both orientations?

No, it's really the physical symmetry. USB-C was designed to be symmetric because the Lightning solution (which was non-standard) was very well received by users. It takes twice as many connectors, more parts, more complexity, more gold; but yet users find it's very worth it not to have to figure out which side of the connector is up. There are other things that work this way, like car keys, and it's pretty well known in human factors circles as "the right way to do it".


Question: why do elastic material on clothes get crunchy when it gets old?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do elastic material on clothes get crunchy when it gets old?

Rubber and stuff has chemicals and compounds it it that help make it stretchy. These can either evaporate over time, or solidify if not streched. As an example, the moon Rover the astronauts used has wire mesh wheels because in hard vaccum rubber would just turn hard and brittle immediately. URL_0


Question: Youngling here who’s education system doesn’t teach finance. How do people afford houses that are 200-500k when they only make 50k a year?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Youngling here who’s education system doesn’t teach finance. How do people afford houses that are 200-500k when they only make 50k a year?

They get a loan! A loan on a house is called a mortgage, but the idea is about the same as any loan: a lender gives you the money up front to make the purchase, and you pay them back over time, plus interest. On a mortgage, since there's a large amount of money involved, the payoff period is usually a long time, typically from 15 to 30 years.


Question: What causes everyone to have different fingerprints? Is it from DNA only or some outside reason? If it is from DNA, would a kids fingerprints resemble that of the parents at all since they partially share DNA.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes everyone to have different fingerprints? Is it from DNA only or some outside reason? If it is from DNA, would a kids fingerprints resemble that of the parents at all since they partially share DNA.

People don't all have different fingerprints, at least to the limit of our ability to distinguish them. They just are likely to be rare enough that only one person in about 100,000 or so will share a print, meaning it is strong supporting evidence in a trial. It is not however absolute evidence identifying someone 100%.


Question: What is the meaning behind the book/movie name "I, Robot"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the meaning behind the book/movie name "I, Robot"?

"I", as a concept, represents a sense of self identity. Something that robots traditionally dont have.


Question: Why do we not feel hungry/thirsty when we are sick?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we not feel hungry/thirsty when we are sick?

It's important to realize that not everyone suffering from a head cold experiences a loss of appetite, and it's not a symptom that occurs as often as some others. Still, it does happen frequently, and doctors have a variety of ideas about why it may occur. According to CNN's Debra Alban, experiencing a stuffy nose robs people of the ability to smell, so they lose their appetites as well. Cardiff University argues that the symptom is due to infection-fighting chemicals that circulate in the brain and order the body to conserve all energy to banish the cold. At the end of the day though, its all just speculation by the white coats. Nobody really knows.


Question: Why are DJs important? What’s wrong with a playlist?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are DJs important? What’s wrong with a playlist?

A DJ is supposed to feel the room, feel the crowd and be able to adjust the songs they play on the fly to play whatever is the "best" song next for the patrons in the venue. They may even, and often do, cut songs down, and start a new one in early if one isn't working. A playlist can't do this, it just plays whatever you told it to play, in order, on time, and so on. It doesn't know that no one is dancing to the Britney Spears song, but a DJ will know in a few second and can mix it up.


Question: Why is it that planets closer to the sun are solid, and planets further from the sun are gaseous? Even though a gas takes more heat, and solids need to be cold enough, yet Mercury, which is closest to the sun, is a solid planet.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that planets closer to the sun are solid, and planets further from the sun are gaseous? Even though a gas takes more heat, and solids need to be cold enough, yet Mercury, which is closest to the sun, is a solid planet.

The temperature and lifecycle of stars isn't constant, and the planets form as the star changes. Before the sun reached it's current state, the temperatures surrounded it were different. Everything close enough was vaporized so only materials with extremely high melting/vaporizing temperatures survived. Those materials formed into solid planets, while the materials that vaporized at lower temperatures formed into gaseous planets at survivable distances. I'm probably oversimplifying, but yeah, that.


Question: are carbs or sugars in foods like bread or crackers “equal” to those in fruits?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 are carbs or sugars in foods like bread or crackers “equal” to those in fruits?

Every type of carb provides the same amount of energy by weight but the speed they get converted to usable energy varies. This is known as the glycemic index. Simple sugars found in soda and simple starches in processed/fried foods quickly get converted to blood sugar. More complex starches like those in oatmeal take longer to enter your blood stream. Spikes in blood sugar can lead to health issues like diabetes. Fruit sugars are a bit more complicated. Studies have shown that eating whole fruit makes the processing slow down due to the fiber in the fruit. In addition, you may not realize how much fruit sugars you are taking in while drinking juice (one glass of orange juice can be 2 - 4 whole oranges. Try eating that in one sitting).


Question: Why does liquid stay in straws when you out your finger on the top?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does liquid stay in straws when you out your finger on the top?

The water needs air to replace it. With your finger on the top, you create an air tight seal, so air can't go in the top. The water naturally creates an airtight seal at the bottom of the straw, so air can't come in that way either. Since air can't go in, water can't come out.


Question: Why does your body respond to disgust with puking? What kind of connection is there between your stomach and the feeling of disgust?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does your body respond to disgust with puking? What kind of connection is there between your stomach and the feeling of disgust?

It must be an evolutionary instinct. Puking is a horrible experience and if we have a natural response to puke while observing something we are likely to stay away from it. So those who get an instinct of vomiting when encountering a disgusting stimuli (associated with rotten or diseased stuff which could affect your health negatively) get naturally selected over those who don't have this response


Question: Why do they make power adapters so large that it’s difficult/impossible to plug something into the adjacent plug?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do they make power adapters so large that it’s difficult/impossible to plug something into the adjacent plug?

Laziness and to save money. Adaptors are ubiquitous and very inexpensive and a well designed small adaptor need not cost a lot more. Most of these adaptors are sourced-in. Few companies bother to design them from the ground up. At most, they will send out an external drawing/industrial design and some reference material or finish required. There are good companies that spend the time to spec out adaptors that work well, fit their aesthetic and are small. They will spend a few dollars more to get it right. You have to spend more to get efficient, small form factor adaptors. Others just cheap out. You can get an off-the-shelf adaptor sourced with some custom labels/screen print and pay just a few dollars. (I've sourced OEM adaptors for less than 3 bucks in volume) Often times a smaller company just won't spend the resources and assign some junior buyer/sourcing person to bring in a couple of catalogs to pick from.


Question: Why are chargebacks related to key resellers forced onto the developers of the game?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are chargebacks related to key resellers forced onto the developers of the game?

I think you have it a bit mixed up. What happens is that people use stolen credit cards to buy games from the actual devs. The devs then send them the key. Then a bit later, the card turns out to be fraudulent, and there is a charge back. This incurs a fee for the dev. Then the person that bought the key with the fraudulent card, resells the key on G2A. G2A even offers a handy protection for a fee, where if this was indeed the case, and the dev disables the key, G2A will refund the money. So now the dev has lost money cause of the chargeback, and someone that wanted their game (and is thus a potential customer) has acquired it without paying them a penny. Of course not all keys on G2A come from this source, another source of keys are pay what you want indie bundles, and review copies. (Publisher for example, sends 5 pc keys and 5 xbox keys of Battlefield to all popular review sites, even sites that only review xbox games, and they don't actually need 5 keys, to they can resell a few keys)


Question: Why does the water behind a boat become incredibly smooth for a period after the boat passes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the water behind a boat become incredibly smooth for a period after the boat passes?

It displaces the water it’s moving through, as the waves move in behind it to fill back up the open space they’re equidistant and when they collide they cancel each other out until the tide naturally takes over again.


Question: Can we scale lasers up indefinitely with the only issue being enough power and/or money? Can we in theory make a deathstar laser if we just had enough of our current resources?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can we scale lasers up indefinitely with the only issue being enough power and/or money? Can we in theory make a deathstar laser if we just had enough of our current resources?

Basically yes. There is also the issue of hardware capable of handling that power, because it would just catch fire. But theoretically yes


Question: How come when we look at planes in the sky from the ground, they appear very slow but when they fly close to use they look fast?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come when we look at planes in the sky from the ground, they appear very slow but when they fly close to use they look fast?

Relative Perspective. When the plane is far away, it appears very small compared to your field of vision even though it’s moving fast, it’s moving through a very small percentage of your visual field. So it appears “slow”. When your up close, it takes up a larger percentage of your visual field, and quickly moves out of it. The speed doesn’t change, but the relative scale does. Said another way, if the plane is moving at 175 meters per second, and you can only see a 200 meter wide area, the plane will enter and leave your field of vision very quickly (less than 2 seconds). It will appear to be going very fast. If you’re far away and looking at 15,000 meters of sky, the same plane moving 175 meters per second would take 85 seconds to pass through your field of vision. It would seem slower because you see it longer.


Question: How exactly does currency “move” between banks, individuals, companies, etc. when processed electronically and without the use of any actual physical currency (cash)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly does currency “move” between banks, individuals, companies, etc. when processed electronically and without the use of any actual physical currency (cash)?

Ahoy, matey! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: What happens when money is digitally transfered from one bank to another? Is the money later picked up to be stored there? Or is there some sort or digital I.O.U. involved? ]( URL_1 ) 1. [ELI5: Electronic Funds Transfers ]( URL_0 ) 1. [ELI5: How do wire transfers work? ]( URL_3 ) 1. [ELI5: What really happens when banks transfer money? ]( URL_2 )


Question: How do Enchroma glasses work to allow the wearer to see colors again?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do Enchroma glasses work to allow the wearer to see colors again?

Most colorblindness is red/green meaning the two colors kinda blend together. What these glasses do is essentially act like a filter which removes the part of the two colors that "overlap", and only allow the wavelengths farthest apart from each other to show, separating the two colors. URL_0


Question: Why does a high speed fan appear as if it is rotating in some distinct frames to human eye?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a high speed fan appear as if it is rotating in some distinct frames to human eye?

This is because almost all lights we use have some flicker. The lights are powered by 50 or 60 Hz mains, and so will often flash (or at least change brightness and olor) with each half-wave, so at 100 or 120 Hz. High quality LED or compact fluorescent use switch mode power supplies, which filter out the mains flicker, but they run at some thousands of hertz, and so flicker at that rate.


Question: During, for example, the Crash of 1929, if everyone is selling their stocks, who buys them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 During, for example, the Crash of 1929, if everyone is selling their stocks, who buys them?

"So if everyone is selling their stocks, what happens when no one wants to buy?" thats exactly what happened. The value of a stock is determined by how much people are willing to pay for it and how many people are willing to sell at this price. since NO ONE wanted to buy the stocks, the value plumeted until people started to say "okay, at THIS extremely low price I will buy them"


Question: why does shaking or moving something make it hurt less (ie cutting your finger and then shaking it)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does shaking or moving something make it hurt less (ie cutting your finger and then shaking it)?

It gives additional stimulus to the nerves in the area, which distracts from the pain feeling.


Question: How does Captcha know the solutions to all of its tests?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Captcha know the solutions to all of its tests?

For the funny looking text, the first version of Captcha would just be keyed with the answer. For the next version, reCaptcha, there were 2 words; one was like the first, a key word where they knew the answer, and another word that was scanned with optical character recognition (OCR) software from a printed work, that the OCR couldn't recognize as a word, so it was using crowdsourced labor to get an answer. The street signs one/cars one/ones based on pictures work like u/Phage0070 says: they take the most popular answers and assume those are correct, and if you differ they usually give you another one for a few iterations unless you fail too much, in which case they throw out your results and don't let you do whatever the captcha was guarding. This is basically crowdsourcing the AI that's used in self-driving cars, from what I understand.


Question: When a politician says he/she will increase jobs, what do they mean and how are they able to do it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a politician says he/she will increase jobs, what do they mean and how are they able to do it?

They are lying and hoping the economy gets better and proves them 'right'. Or get elected at the tail end of an upturn in employment and say it was all down to me!


Question: If you hovered over the ground in a helicopter for 24 hours, would the whole earth spin beneath you and return to the same spot?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If you hovered over the ground in a helicopter for 24 hours, would the whole earth spin beneath you and return to the same spot?

The Earth, and the atmosphere around it, are spinning together. Everything on the planet is moving at the velocity of the Earth's rotation. When a helicopter hovers, it is carried along by it's momentum and the surrounding air mass just like birds, bugs, or any other in flight entity. So, you would not experience any sort of lateral travel while hovering.


Question: What is the goal of bacteria or viruses that make humans sick? Why do they weaken their host?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the goal of bacteria or viruses that make humans sick? Why do they weaken their host?

They all "want" to live, divide and spread. They basically use your body as food and a living ground and a factory (viruses). Often the symptoms of a disease are just a side effect of them using your body and it fighting back (e.g. pain, fever), but sometimes the symptoms help spreading them (sneezing). Evolution plays a big part here: Over the long term, it is against the interest of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, etc.) to kill or damage its host body, since a dead human does not move around, limiting the chances to spread to other humans. We see that usually diseases become less damaging the longer they have infected humans (decades to millennia). AIDS viruses already have become less deadly. Ebola on the other hand is a very deadly disease, but quite rare, because people die before they can spread it a lot. On the other side is the common cold. Theses viruses are so successful, because they only make you sneeze a lot, but leave you enough energy to still go everywhere. They are the most "successful" disease, and due to their adaptation to the body, only make you sick a little bit.


Question: why do we never see clouds form, and why do they always appear to be at the same height?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do we never see clouds form, and why do they always appear to be at the same height?

Cloud formation is relatively slow; if you're not staring at the sky and paying careful attention, you won't notice a cloud growing larger (or smaller, for that matter). Clouds are generally pretty far away, so they look like they're all around the same height. But I've definitely seen clouds that are well above/below another set of clouds. It's just that there aren't many reference points in the sky for you to regularly notice that the clouds today are higher/lower than the clouds yesterday.


Question: When you find something in picture (like Waldo), why is it so difficult to un-see it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When you find something in picture (like Waldo), why is it so difficult to un-see it?

The neurology behind this is quite complex, so I will give you the psychological theory for this. If you want the neurology I can try, but it has to do with object regocnition through the visual ventral pathway (or stream), and spatial recognition via the Hippocampus (and many other areas). Psychologically, many people believe the brain strives to understand its surroundings. This, although, is only part of the story. The more accurate description is that the brain wants to PREDICT its surroundings. We would be shocked and fight/flight if a car suddenly started driving on the sidewalk, as we would have predicted a car to drive on the road. If we are on the road however, we might have good control and just jump to the side, as we were expecting it. So when you find Waldo, your brain actively wants to predict this. When you look at a new Waldo puzzle, it is likely one of the first places you will look is the same position on the page as the last one. Second, you might look for the same guy in a coat and a hat that was next to Waldo last time. And so it goes on, this is how and why we learn things. If we burn ourselves on the stove, the brain quickly learns to be careful around the stove, this is the same thing! Additional info, this can lead to something that Kahneman and Tversky (Nobel prize laureates) called heuristics and cognitive bias. Shortcuts for the brain to try and predict things through simplified measures. It's a massively interesting read, and "thinking fast and slow" is a fantastic book.


Question: How do salary caps and computing for future salary and cap space work in team sports like basketball?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do salary caps and computing for future salary and cap space work in team sports like basketball?

Team A has a $50m budget because they have a rich donor. Team B has a $10m budget. Team A can afford to lure multiple top tier players and therefore always walk all over Team B. Salary caps help to stop teams buying their way to the top of the ladder and even up the playing field.


Question: How are glasses prescribed to children too young to verbally communicate with the optometrist?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are glasses prescribed to children too young to verbally communicate with the optometrist?

The actual measurement of the prescription is done with more objective testing requiring little/no feedback from the non verbal patient. Although most kids can give some sort of feedback as to if a lens/prescription is helpful or not. Retinoscopy is a technique used where the eye doctor shines a light in the eyes. That light reflects off the retina (similar to when you take a picture with flash and get a red eye). The doctor then moves that light and can see how the reflection moves/behaves. That movement can be neutralized with +\- power lenses. The neutralized power will give an idea of where the eyes are focused. Autorefraction is an automated machine version of retinoscopy based on similar principles. Sometimes these objective tests are combined with the use of a pharmaceutical agent like cyclopentolate. It’s basically a dilating drop that makes it hard for the patient to adjust their eye focus and also make their pupils large. Also making retinoscopy and autorefraction more consistent.


Question: Why is the USPS expected to turn a profit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the USPS expected to turn a profit?

It's not supposed to make money, it's supposed to break even. However, several years ago Congress became worried that sales were turning down. The Post Office employees have very nice government-like pensions, and with less sales the Post Office wouldn't be able to afford these pensions at some point. Congress required the Post Office to prefund its pension liabilities, unlike every part of government, over a 10 year window. We're in the middle of that now, and the huge losses at the Post Office are because it can't make enough money to run the Post Office **and** fund all these pensions.


Question: How does Canadian pension work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Canadian pension work?

As someone else said, there are a few different types of pensions in Canada. I will stick to explaining CPP, since that is what you are currently dealing with. Your CPP deductions goes to the government into a separate fund it holds, and your employer is required by law to match that contribution. It is about 5.25% of your pay, although that changes from year to year based on inflation and other government announcements. For 2020, the maximum amount you can contribute is $2,898. Once you reach that in a calendar year, no further CPP will be deducted. When you retire, you will get a CPP pension. The amount you can receive varies on a few factors (described below). The maximum currently is just -about $1,175/month. This also increases every year with inflation. You are young, so by the time you retire this amount will likely be higher. When you retire the government calculates how much CPP you will receive by weighing different factors such as: - Your average earnings throughout your working life; - How much you contributed to CPP over the years; - How long you contributed. The more and the longer you contributed, the more likely you are to receive a higher amount when you retire.


Question: Why is it that you have to sneeze often when looking into the sun?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that you have to sneeze often when looking into the sun?

Autosomal Compelling Helio-Ophthalmic Outburst (ACHOO) syndrome. There are a few debated reasons for it. One is Optic-trigeminal summation. Basically, there are nerves that run near the eye, that are connected to nerves that run near the nose. Excessive light over-stimulates the ones near the eyes, which irritates the ones near the nose. The brain detect irritation, and triggers the sneeze to clear the irritant from the nose, even though there isn't any in the nose. Another theory is that: Neurons that activate from light also are in proximity to neurons that control sneezing, and accidentally activate it. So its a brain glitch. Harmless. Few fun facts: * This is not universal, but has a genetic component. You likely inherited this from a parent or both. I got it from my dad ^^^in ^^^case ^^^you ^^^cared. * Aristotle contemplated this in 350 BCE. Like most things, Aristotle was wrong, but we commend him for trying. * The phenomenon has no medical treatment, but there is some evidence antihistamines may reduce the phenomenon. I doubt there will ever be a cure since its more minor than toe stubbing.


Question: How did we come to know what was safe and tasty to eat vs what would murder us? Was it as simple as, “Welp, Billy died. Don’t eat that!”

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did we come to know what was safe and tasty to eat vs what would murder us? Was it as simple as, “Welp, Billy died. Don’t eat that!”

Well, for one thing, we have a long line of ancestors who knew what was safe to eat. So acquiring new foods would be an incremental process. There are some signs a food might be poisonous. A bitter taste is one of those signs. Before eating an unknown food, hunter gatherers will crush it and touch it to their lips first. Then, if there is no numbness or tingling, etc., they will take a tiny amount on the tongue, and spit it out. If that goes ok, then they will ingest a very tiny amount. And so on.


Question: Why do Tupperware/plastic food containers inevitably get those milky white stains?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do Tupperware/plastic food containers inevitably get those milky white stains?

I believe it’s from a combination of the microwave messing them up by creating tiny little pits/holes, and then dishwasher soap getting trapped in there


Question: How do metal detectors not detect themselves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do metal detectors not detect themselves?

the easiest way to think of it is like a flash camera. so the flash is a bulb with a casing that only allows the light to leave in one direction. It then reflects back into the lens and a picture is formed of everything that reflected light in that direction within a set time. In our scenario we are creating a magnetic field and using [magnetic shielding]( URL_0 ) we build a casing which guides the field in one direction. it then interacts with any metal (creating it's own different magnetic field) and we have a sense that looks for any magnetic fields which do not match what we sent out.


Question: If the human lifespan were somehow greatly extended, how would we deal with the ensuing increase in population?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the human lifespan were somehow greatly extended, how would we deal with the ensuing increase in population?

The world is certainly overpopulated for the resources we consume. If the average person were to significantly reduce their footprint, then the globe could handle the current population and much more (potentially). That being said, if we got close to immortality i think you would find, in general, lower birth rates. Many people would wait much later in life to have children (something that has already been happening in relative correlation with life expectancy) and therefore the effective population wouldn't be much effected by the change in expectancy (though it would certainly still increase)


Question: Why have no biological organisms harnessed nuclear power (at least fission) to live when we have chemoautotrophs, photosynthesis, and cellular metabolism? Does it have to do with the activation energy required?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why have no biological organisms harnessed nuclear power (at least fission) to live when we have chemoautotrophs, photosynthesis, and cellular metabolism? Does it have to do with the activation energy required?

It depends on how you look at the situation. Plants photosynthesize, they harness light (produced by fusion in the sun) to produce sugars that grow and sustain the plant.


Question: Why does a scientific calculator show "0" as a result if I add 1 to a really high number and then substract said high number although it should show "1"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a scientific calculator show "0" as a result if I add 1 to a really high number and then substract said high number although it should show "1"?

Your calculator doesn't store all of the digits for 2^50, so the 1 at the very end gets removed from the memory. How many digits a calculator actually holds depends from calculator to calculator.


Question: What physically causes the feeling in your stomach when you get nervous/anxious?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What physically causes the feeling in your stomach when you get nervous/anxious?

The vagus nerve! It connects the parasympathetic nervous system in the brain (which controls digestion) to your stomach. The vagus nerve responds to fear and stress hormones and causes your stomach to react physically. [Source]( URL_0 )


Question: why is it that only one side of the moon is visible from earth? If both the earth and the moon rotate then why do not we see the other side?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is it that only one side of the moon is visible from earth? If both the earth and the moon rotate then why do not we see the other side?

The moon is tidally locked, meaning that it rotates at the same rate that it orbits the Earth. If you imagine a point on the Moon's surface directly facing the Earth, the Moon rotates at such a speed that that point continues to face the Earth throughout its orbit. This is a typical fate for moons throughout the Solar System, especially those close to their planets. In some cases, the relationship is even two-way: Pluto and its largest moon Charon are *both* synced up to Charon's orbital period, so you can only see one side of Charon from one side of Pluto (and the other side of each never sees the other). If the Earth survived long enough, the Earth would sync to the Moon and the "day" and "month" would have the same length - but Earth probably won't survive long enough for this to happen, as our planet is ultimately doomed when the Sun expands at the end of its life. The match actually isn't quite perfect because the Moon's orbit isn't quite a circle. So the rotation gets a little bit ahead/behind the orbit as it goes before ending up back in sync at the end of each orbit. So you can see a little bit more than half the Moon over time. But it's only a bit more than half.


Question: Why are there such virus inducing ads on nearly every site? And who lets them stay there?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there such virus inducing ads on nearly every site? And who lets them stay there?

Sites that are less popular but that want to get more money will frequently accept advertising deals from shadier ad networks that offer higher rates. Those ad networks offer higher rates because the ads they serve are disreputable, and most sites don't want to work with them so they have to raise their payout rates to get placements. You'll rarely get those kind of nasty ads on the very popular sites (NYT, google, reddit) but you'll get them on more marginal sites with hosts that are trying to monetize more than their traffic allows.


Question: Why do we sneeze when its cold?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we sneeze when its cold?

Sneezing is caused by an irritation in the nasal mucous membrane. When it's cold outside, that membrane dries out, which makes it irritated, which makes you sneeze.


Question: In the United States is every last digital dollar backed up by a paper noted currency?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In the United States is every last digital dollar backed up by a paper noted currency?

No, very little U.S. currency is actually backed by paper notes. Something like 10%. [According to this]( URL_0 ), there is about $10 trillion in wealth held in cash or cash equivalents, but money supply is about $980B


Question: How money is stored by banks and brokers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How money is stored by banks and brokers?

Lloyd's of London broker here. Brokers don't really do anything. We come up with a product, like an insurance for cat paw injury. We then convince an "underwriter" who works for some variety of bank that there is a market for them, and then if they agree then they "underwrite the risk" which means they will reserve an amount of money to be used for claims. Then we, the broker, sell the products to consumers like show cat owners in this case. We manage the claims, payments and so forth but we don't keep the money. We make our money from the bank, who give us a percentage. So basically us brokers don't store our own money.


Question: what happens on roads and highways that causes large puddles in specific pockets/spots but not in others? Do civil engineers take this into account?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what happens on roads and highways that causes large puddles in specific pockets/spots but not in others? Do civil engineers take this into account?

> Do civil engineers take this into account? Of course! Deep ditches require drainage piping. If simple drainage isn't possible (in many tunnels/underpasses, for example), there will be dedicated pumping systems.


Question: How does a stainless steel soap remove the fish or garlic scent from your hands?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a stainless steel soap remove the fish or garlic scent from your hands?

What the hell is a stainless steel soap?


Question: why are red things (like tomatoes, blood, wine, even other red clothes) so good at staining clothes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are red things (like tomatoes, blood, wine, even other red clothes) so good at staining clothes?

You had me curious so I did some research myself. It seems to come down to two basic substances: tannins and chromogens. Tannins are found in plants, specifically the leaves, the fruits, and even the wood. Tannin tends to bind to other compounds, like the amino acids and proteins you'll find in silk, wool, and cotton. Chromogen, when oxidized, turns into a very strong pigment and is used as the main ingredient in ink and dye. So you have one compound that will turn into a rich color when exposed to oxygen, and another compound that likes to stick to things. That makes a bad combo for your clothes. We can add another layer to this by mentioning fruit such as grapes or tomatoes contain acids, which will eat away at porous surfaces like clothing and plastic Tupperware. Edit: Sauces: URL_1 URL_0


Question: Why can we see light reflections from an angled surface? How are photons getting back to us?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can we see light reflections from an angled surface? How are photons getting back to us?

You're following the old axiom from physics class of "the angle of incidence = the angle of reflection". Physics class almost always modeled the world with a level of perfection of surfaces and materials rarely or never really found - e.g. the frictionless surface, and in this case "the perfect mirror". To that point, in your example were it reflecting _perfectly_ as a sign it would _be a mirror_ and you'd not be able to see it was there other than that the world would look strange in the spot occupied by said "sign-mirror" (e.g. you'd see a tree trunk start at 10 feet of the ground and end at 12 for that 2 foot tall sign and an lots of sign poles with seemingly non-existance signs!). So...we don't build signs as mirrors, we build them as ... signs, and their surfaces are so imperfect that that they bounce light back in nearly all directions. In fact, the surfaces of these signs are designed to have the reflecting surfaces be nearly omnidirectional. Imagine pasting sand on top of a sign and each grain of sand is pretty reflective. Each grain of sand would be oddly shaped and at least a lot of surfaces/edges of sand would be bouncing light back in the direction from which it came, not using the orientation of the face of the sign. TL;DR: Light does work that way, but surfaces of materials on signs aren't flat and parallel to the face/orientation of the sign.


Question: If muons are subatomic particles that only last two millionths of a second, what can they teach us about the universe?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If muons are subatomic particles that only last two millionths of a second, what can they teach us about the universe?

Our understanding of physics might seem like it works really well because it does at scales that are relevant to humans. For example, there isn't much of a dispute about how fast light travels, at least not out to a decimal place that humans can measure. But our understanding of physics doesn't work *at all* under more extreme conditions. A good example of this is fusion research. The National Ignition Facility is a fusion research lab that was built in the late 90's. It was over engineered to guarantee that it could produce a self sustaining fusion reaction based on our then current understanding of physics. Except whoops, our current understanding of physics was totally and completely wrong. As it turns out a self sustaining fusion reaction isn't even possible using the type of ignition source that the NIF was trying for, but we didn't learn that until the NIH failed to achieve a sustainable fusion reaction and we were able to delve into *why* that didn't happen. "Physics being wrong" really only comes up in the context of research like that or nuclear weapons design, since those are the only circumstances under which humans can reliably test how the universe functions under extreme conditions. But we know that we're wrong about a lot of other stuff. Another example is the electron. If you go read a physics textbook - even a graduate level book - what you'll read is that the electron is a fundamental particle. Its not. An electron has a magnetic moment, which means that *something* inside of the electron is has an negative electric charge and is rotating around *something* else. One of those somethings is probably a form of neutrino, but we have no idea what the other something is. And the problem with electrons is that they're so stable that we can't actually break them apart to look at whats inside. Muons are very similar to electrons but substantially less stable. This means that its easier to break them apart. The problem is that they don't always break apart into the same thing. You always get an electron and two neutrinos - but you don't always get the same kind of neutrinos and sometimes you get *other stuff* and we have no idea why you would ever get other stuff. The hope is that if we can figure out what muons are made out of that it might give us some insight into what electrons are made out of and, in turn, help to fix some of those areas of physics which we know are wrong.


Question: Why does Jupiter not have rings comparable to that of Saturn?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does Jupiter not have rings comparable to that of Saturn?

All of the gas giant planets have rings, Saturn's are just the most prominent. Rings are basically just big clouds of dust and ice that orbit a planet, like a moon. It's possible that material dates back to the formation of the solar system, or perhaps it is the debris left over from a moon destroyed in a collision or ripped apart by the planet's gravity. The fact that Saturn has such big and bright rings may just be an accident of timing. They're estimated to be only about 100 million years old (dating back to when the dinosaurs lived) and may dissipate in another 100 million years. In astronomical terms that isn't a very long time at all, so it seems not to be a stable arrangement.


Question: How do force shutdowns/restarts work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do force shutdowns/restarts work?

A normal shutdown gives programs time to save what they are doing and close down properly. A forced shutdown just forces everything to stop and close, regardless of what it was doing. It's like a bar at closing time. A normal shutdown is the bartender telling everyone to finish their drinks and pay their bill, and then waiting for everyone to do so. A forced shutdown is the bartender just kicking everyone out - some of the patrons might have been paying attention to the time and left the money out for their drinks, but others are just getting kicked out with the tab open.


Question: How did archaeologists decide how old a site/artifact has to be before they're okay digging it up and taking it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did archaeologists decide how old a site/artifact has to be before they're okay digging it up and taking it?

They don't. They determine the age of something after they have dug it up and taken it to their labs. Skilled ones can sometimes estimate by looking at it, but they cannot even do that if they have not dug it up.


Question: why are there different levels of SPF in products? Why is the highest not always the best?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are there different levels of SPF in products? Why is the highest not always the best?

Higher SPF sunscreens will prevent tanning, and a lot of people want to tan a little when they are out in the sun. Maximum SPF value is good for young kids, people with sensitive skin, people with a predisposition to skin cancer, and people working for long periods in the sun. For people who just want to tan a little without burning a lower SPF value is better.


Question: how does eating less meat help saving the environment?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does eating less meat help saving the environment?

Others have mentioned that it takes many times more plant material to feed a cow to get meat for you than it would take just to feed you with the plant material. I often see 10x thrown out there. Another key is that getting the food to the cows requires transportation, which emits greenhouse gas. So it's 10x the plant material, and around 11x the transportation since instead of just transporting the plants to the processing facility and then your grocery store, they transport plants to the cows, then the cows to the processing facility and grocery store. This increase in transportation cost applies to all non-hunted meat, unlike the methane that comes up for cows.


Question: How does an atomic clock work? How does it start telling extremely precise time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does an atomic clock work? How does it start telling extremely precise time?

An atomic uses a clump of atoms of a pure element. When excited, these atoms vibrate at a specific frequency that depends on the element's electron alignments. By counting the vibrations, you can get a very precise clock that's stable over a long time period.


Question: Why does a piece of chicken or even french fries take 15 minutes to cook in a 350 degree oven but only 3-5 minutes in a 350 degree fryer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a piece of chicken or even french fries take 15 minutes to cook in a 350 degree oven but only 3-5 minutes in a 350 degree fryer?

Oil is a better conductor of heat than air, so the oil cooks it faster. That’s also why you can stick your hand in an over that’s warmed up to pull food out and stuff quickly without getting burned. The air doesn’t conduct heat very quickly so it won’t burn you right away unless you touch something metal, since metal is a good heat conductor and will burn you right away. Whereas you can’t stick your hand in the oil of a fryer at all.


Question: Is there anything resembling a clear line between internal dialogue and schizophrenia?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there anything resembling a clear line between internal dialogue and schizophrenia?

Also, I've heard that the auditory hallucinations characteristic of schizophrenia sounds like other people's voices, not the kind of internal brain voice we use when we're thinking or reading, etc.


Question: why was the photo of The Beatles crossing the street so significant and famous to this day? What made it so iconic?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why was the photo of The Beatles crossing the street so significant and famous to this day? What made it so iconic?

Two things: 1) It was the cover to what would become the Beatles' most popular album 2) There wasn't any text on the outside of the album. You were just supposed to recognize "oh that's a picture of the Beatles" and figure out that it was the new Beatles' album. This resulted in it becoming a kind of pre-internet meme because the uniqueness of an album without any text of the cover got people to show it to one another and generally share information about it. So a lot of people who were alive at the time owned the album, thought it was the best album in their collection, learned to recognize it solely from the cover image, and shared it in a fashion that was similar to an internet meme.


Question: Why is there so many different kinds of pain medication? They all seem to do the same thing (according to their descriptions), but why does Tylenol work for some headaches and Ibuprofen (Naproxen, Aspirin, etc.) work for other headaches?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there so many different kinds of pain medication? They all seem to do the same thing (according to their descriptions), but why does Tylenol work for some headaches and Ibuprofen (Naproxen, Aspirin, etc.) work for other headaches?

Some reduce inflammation which helps relieve pain, and some block pain receptors in your cells, so you don’t feel the pain. Different drugs perform different chemical actions that help with pain in different ways.


Question: Why can't the US moon landing be easily confirmed with a current picture of the landing site with today's telescopes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't the US moon landing be easily confirmed with a current picture of the landing site with today's telescopes?

Yes we can, and these pictures are easily available. It took me 30 seconds of Googling to find some. The problem is that the conspiracy theory nuts will just claim that these are also fabrications.


Question: Why is it that some of the only memories of our childhood that are remembered are the random insignificant ones, and it's always in bits and pieces?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that some of the only memories of our childhood that are remembered are the random insignificant ones, and it's always in bits and pieces?

The "Hard-drive" of your short-term memory isn't completely connected and developed until you're about 4 years old. Until then, it's cells are still dividing and forming new connections, which won't let the information (stored via proteins and synapses) be saved and then be stored in the other "hard-drives" for longterm memory EDIT: Fun fact: Traumatic events had at that age are still remembered, sometimes you can recall fragments of said experience, other times it's represented in a more primal way via "irrational" fears of things/people. That's because the place where that kind of memory is stored (fear/survival) is developed way before.


Question: How do tax deductions and tax credits work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do tax deductions and tax credits work?

Tax deductions: They reduce the taxable income amount that is applied against the tax rates before coming up with a person's actual annual tax. Tax credits: They actually reduce a person's actual annual tax itself. So tax credits > tax deductions