Question: Why do 5-year-olds (and under) like to watch the same movie every day for months at a time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do 5-year-olds (and under) like to watch the same movie every day for months at a time?

One of the things that "Fun" is, is being able to predict a result, and see that prediction be validated. As a child, they're still learning a lot of things, so much is not understood and unpredictable. A movie or a show gives them the ability to think about what is going to happen, and then have the show confirm the result. As an adult, we have learned a lot of things. Our ability to predict the result is not fun because it's not surprising. The kids shows are simple and predictable, and the joy that we get from confirmation of that prediction is minor because it's a certainty. As an adult, I find myself watching the same shows with my daughter over and over. I find myself looking for details, whether it's trying to build a map of the island in my head in Puffin Rock, or pick out the individual theme songs of the various creatures in Dinosaur Train. Or finding patterns that show changes in the show's production. I do this because I'm searching for fun, though it's a bit more work on my behalf, but it's essentially the same thing that my daughter finds fun in on the surface. I have a method of guessing what the result is going to be. I know early in the season the production is less regular about playing the theme music for the characters, but has more location and mood based music, while later in the season the character music is dominant, less music is written, and it's generally more thematic. So early in the season they have music for watching the sun set or walking around on the train, or exploring a new place. Later in the season the music follows the person talking, or it's the intro theme to the type of story it is (under the sea for instance), but you rarely see music that imparts mood or minor activities, and there's less music written for a specific incident in a single episode. I like watching shows with my daughter, I've never been the person to just sit her down in front of the TV and go and do my own thing. This means I get to see this, and struggle to find something that interests me. But I still do the same thing, recognize the pattern, predict the result, and feel good when I'm right. For my daughter, it's the same, but the pattern that she recognizes is trivial to me. I think it's very similar to how you develop a taste for music. If you're unfamiliar with a genre of music, it's the more 'pop' type of music that is appealing. The more popular music is generally simpler, so the patterns are easy to see and predict and get validation for quickly. These kinds of songs are catchy and easy to sing along to even the first time you hear them. It's kind of fun when a song has a part that you can sing along to, because you can quickly make the prediction that the next verse is going to sound like this one, and get validated. You're smart, you figured out the pattern. But as you get more interested in the genre, that catchy music gets dull. It's predictable. It's boring. There are other genres of music that have more complex elements to them, but which are common to the genre or the artist. You start to learn these elements and can predict them, and that's exciting and fun, and you're understanding it in a deeper way than you could before. As you get deeper into the understanding of these mechanics, you start to appreciate things that a naive observer wouldn't even have the basis to understand. This results in things like appreciation of art that is like 4 bands of color but people are willing to buy it for 75 million dollars. Because the people who are looking at it and appreciating it have so much more background that they're using to evaluate the piece. The naive observer can't start to even relate to the people who love it. At the same time, the people who love it can't really relate to the people who appreciate much more accessible amateur art. The child likes the same movie every day because there's a lot for them to get out of it. The adult is just way past the child in terms of what is filtered out and what is remembered and how easily it's remembered, and how predictable the outcomes of the characters in a children's show will be that they run out of that excitement quickly, and essentially can't appreciate it at the same level as a child. In the same way, many adult shows, with their level of complexity and nuance, can be very boring and confusing to a child because they don't have the tools to learn and make these predictions and be rewarded for them. Layering it can help. For instance, if my daughter were to watch a television show that had in the background a bit of a backstory that took a bit of work to put together, created out of hints and things at the periphery of the action, then it would be kind of fun to watch it over and over. The first time through the series you might pick up on some of those subtleties, and then over the course of watching it a few times you might be able to put together what's really going on behind the scenes. Meanwhile, the child might not even be aware of that deeper story, they can enjoy the basic story. Peppa Pig does this a bit by cheekily using Ms. Rabbit for pretty much every odd job out there. In something like Paw Patrol, my wife and I have made up backstories to explain away Ryder's resources, and Mayor Goodway's incompetence. One idea is Ryder is a juvenile god who is practicing at creating his own world. Another is that it's a bit of a Coma dream where Ryder fell into a coma during the messy divorce of his parents, represented by Mayor Goodway and Mayor Hummdinger. But what I'm searching for by playing these little games and taking note of these meta-details is basically the same thing as my daughter gets. And it's a lot of the same types of content that is directly served to me by a show like Westworld. Note that some of the movies or shows that you as an adult might like to watch multiple times are typically because there are new things you might learn every time you watch them. Consider also that kids are just a lot less skilled at picking up on those things in the same way, so they can watch the same thing over and over and continue to build on their understanding of it. It's not every video. Give a child a show that is a simple 3 minute video and try and have them watch it every day for an hour. You'll still have a hard time keeping their attention for the first hour. They'll get bored because there's nothing new for them to figure out.


Question: If conditions allowed, what happens to a gas if it is compressed to an extreme amount of pressure?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If conditions allowed, what happens to a gas if it is compressed to an extreme amount of pressure?

It would become a liquid, and if compressed further it could become a solid. This is what is theorized to be happening on jupiter, with the pressure in the core being so great that it's a metallic liquid Hydrogen/Helium mix in normal(ish) life you can also see this happening on earth to a lesser degree, with melting points being influenced by pressure


Question: When a new company make a phone why do they make a skin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a new company make a phone why do they make a skin?

Part of the issue is that phone companies don't want to be in the business of making a hardware product that runs generic software. They want consumers to feel that it's a product from X company through and through. This is a problem seen in the windows laptop world. The only thing differentiating HP from Dell from Lenovo is the hardware itself. And given that phone hardware is very similar as it is, the manufacturers want to appear to be distinct. So a company like Samsung or HTC want the skin so that it makes their product appear distinct to the consumer. Otherwise, it's just another glass slab and you could buy that anywhere.


Question: How does a Chinese Buffet remain profitable offering unlimited food and multiple choices for $7.99 when a single dish for delivery is $7.99?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a Chinese Buffet remain profitable offering unlimited food and multiple choices for $7.99 when a single dish for delivery is $7.99?

Very cheap labor Low rent High volume (lots of paying customers) Food bought cheap and in bulk


Question: What is the psychological reason candy companies make products containing different colors even if there is no change in flavour?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the psychological reason candy companies make products containing different colors even if there is no change in flavour?

Variety and bright colors can attract the attention as well as convey flavor. Testing has shown that the color of food can convince people that it is a different flavor than what it actually is. Furthermore, people have an expectation that certain foods are a certain color. If they’re not it can be off putting.


Question: What does it mean when people say “Light behaves as a wave or as a particle”? Whats the difference between waves and particles?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean when people say “Light behaves as a wave or as a particle”? Whats the difference between waves and particles?

Light is a wave. It has frequency, wavelength, it experiences interference like other waves, it diffracts. Light is also a particle. It has momentum, it moves in a straight line until forced to change, it bounces off things, it has physical interactions with other particles. So which is it? It's both. Turns out, particles and waves have more to do with each other than we once thought, but [explaining *that* requires a Ph.D. in Quatum Mechanics...]( URL_0 )


Question: Why are people consistently allergic to things like coconuts and peanuts but not things like bananas or onions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are people consistently allergic to things like coconuts and peanuts but not things like bananas or onions?

We don't know for sure, but it's theorized that people are allergic due to peanuts and other tree nuts having many proteins not present in other foods like bananas or onions. The immune systems of many people tend to overreact and treat peanuts as a threat due to their unusual protein structures.


Question: What's the difference between Voltage and Amper, and what is the most important for devices?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between Voltage and Amper, and what is the most important for devices?

Volts are more important as in general you do not have control over the number of amps. The number of amps going through the circuit is controlled by the design of the device and only rare exceptions exist where that is not the case. In other words, you cannot "push" amps, only "pull."


Question: How and why does glass explode when placed in the freezer for an extended time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How and why does glass explode when placed in the freezer for an extended time?

Water is unusual in that it actually expands when it freezes, because on a molecular level water molecules form a sort of honeycomb lattice when frozen due to strong intramolecular forces (electromagnetic repulsion in this case). If you put a glass of water or another liquid that contains a lot of water (milk, orange juice, etc.) when the water freezes it will expand, pushing against the walls of the glass container. If the container is sealed, or if it's simply too full, the increased pressure from the expanding water causes the glass to crack and eventually shatter.


Question: why do magnets ruin Computer Monitors, phones, tablets, etc.?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do magnets ruin Computer Monitors, phones, tablets, etc.?

Phones and tablets should be ok with almost any normal magnet. Hard drives and floppy disks use little magnetic zones to hold ones and zeros - magnets can change them and wipe them out. Old CRT TVs and monitors use magnets to steer an electron beam - adding another magnet nearby will mess up the steering SSD drives and LCD or OLED displays should not be affected unless the magnetic field is nuclear-bomb EMP level strong, at which point every kind of electronics will die


Question: Why does a medical doctor often tests the knee for reflexes? What is it really testing for ? Surely not that single area for a single purpose (reflex). What am I missing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a medical doctor often tests the knee for reflexes? What is it really testing for ? Surely not that single area for a single purpose (reflex). What am I missing?

They check your reflexes because it part of a neurological test. A lack of reflex could indicate spinal injury, muscle degredation, and neuromuscular disease.


Question: How does electricity "know" the path of least resistance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does electricity "know" the path of least resistance?

Think about water. Water does that too. If you pour water down a path it will flow until it hits an obstruction. It will then try to flow around the obstruction and the first path that allows it to do that will get most of the water going down it. Electricity is the same. It doesn't know what is the easiest path, it just tries all paths and the path that offers the least resistence will get most of the current.


Question: Why are emotions like anger, sadness, excitement or boredom so immediately apparent while happiness is not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are emotions like anger, sadness, excitement or boredom so immediately apparent while happiness is not?

Depends on how you define happiness. If you define happiness as "not bad" or just "relaxed and content" then it is just a nice comfortable state of being to aim for, it is sustainable and comforting. But that is a state, rather than the emotion itself. The emotion characteristic of happiness is joy, and joy is very noticeable. You'll smile, laugh, maybe even move about when excited with joy. It is very noticeable, it just isnt sustainable.


Question: When physicists talk about "information" in a system, what do they mean? Is it a separate propertyfrom matter and energy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When physicists talk about "information" in a system, what do they mean? Is it a separate propertyfrom matter and energy?

It isn't a seperate property, it's what you can know about a given thing. Like its location in space, or it's velocity relative to something else. What kind if spin it has, its mass, etc.


Question: What footwear is best to get traction on Ice to walk as normal as possible and why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What footwear is best to get traction on Ice to walk as normal as possible and why?

Ice cleats of some kind I would presume, given that they are specifically designed for that; though the tradeoff is that it can be difficult to walk on solid objects "normally" at that point.


Question: Why there are suddenly so many large asteroids passing near the Earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why there are suddenly so many large asteroids passing near the Earth?

Because suddenly (as in for the past few years/decades) we can actually detect them before they are right in front of us


Question: What is the difference between amortization and accrual?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between amortization and accrual?

They're really 2 different things but you can sort of think opposites. Acrual is when you are earning something, but it hasn't been paid to you yet. While usually this term is used to describe loans where the borrower does not have to pay interest on a loan NOW, but they still are getting "charged" interest by the bank and will have to pay it "LATER". Also, you will hear it used in other situation like when you acrue sick days at work. You "earn" a set amount for every set period of work you do (depending on state law and company policy) but they won't be "paid" to you until you actually call out sick. Amortization is a little trickier. Basically, it's when the cost of something is broken up over time. Usually is has to do with loans, and the "amortization period" is the time over which the cost of whatever you borrowed money for would be broken up. If you take out a 30 year mortgage on a house, then you would say the cost of the house is being amortized over 30 years. Amortization is also used similarly in accounting to expense or "break up" the cost of buying intangible assets over a period of time. In this sense, it is basically the same as depreciation, but depreciation is used for things like equipment while amortization is used for things like patents and contracts.


Question: Despite their similarities in size and population, why are Texas and California polar opposites in terms of economic prosperity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Despite their similarities in size and population, why are Texas and California polar opposites in terms of economic prosperity?

Clarifying question: What makes you think they're polar opposites in terms of economic prosperity? US News' ranking of the States' economies has California at #4 and Texas at #15. That's hardly polar opposites.


Question: Why does honey not expire?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does honey not expire?

"Going bad" is simply bacteria ruining an item of food. The problem with honey is that it is so sugary that few bacteria can actually live in it. You need water to process sugar and there is simply not enough in honey to do so, to the point where water will actually be "sucked out" of the bacteria, effectively killing it.


Question: Why is carbonation added to drinks? What is the benefit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is carbonation added to drinks? What is the benefit?

Carbonization gives drink a slightly sharp, bitter taste which many people like. It is designed to replace alcohol as a flavor additive.


Question: Why can it be a specific temperature outside, but feel like another?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can it be a specific temperature outside, but feel like another?

The 'feel' is based on how fast the air is sucking heat out of your skin, and that's based on several things. The obvious one is the temperature, but there are two other things that matter a lot. First, airflow: if the air is dead calm, your body warms up the air right next to you and that shell of warm air protects you a bit. (Wearing clothes is about trapping that shell of warm air, so it doesn't blow away or get left behind when you walk. Same thing with blankets or a sleeping bag.) When there's wind, the warm air around you is constantly getting blown away and replaced by new, unwarmed air. Second, humidity. Normally your skin has a bit of moisture on it, and as that evaporates it cools you off. But if the air is humid, your sweat doesn't evaporate as easily and the cooling effect is lessened. If the air is at 100% saturation, then your sweat doesn't help at all; there's no evaporative cooling. So, regardless of temperature, dry-and-windy should feel coldest and humid-and-calm should feel the hottest. "Wet cold" is definitely a thing, but that's more about how moisture affects clothing. Most kinds of insulation work far worse when they get damp; the wet material doesn't loft and water conducts heat through the insulation way better than air would have, and that's why cold-and-wet can be so miserable.


Question: Where are the layers actually present in protocols like TCP/IP or OSI?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where are the layers actually present in protocols like TCP/IP or OSI?

I saw others explaining in detail, but you were asking for examples so I'll try to chime in to make it (possibly?) easier. It's late and I'm super tired, but... maybe this will help if I give a few examples. I'm going to use CIDR notation in the examples, so I hope you've got that down. If not, I can explain it later. Layer 1, like the other guys, is just physical, like the network cable mentioned. You'll only ever deal with this when plugging stuff in. If you have a Layer 1 problem, it's usually a matter of a bad cable, bad port, a physically loose connection, etc. Layer 2 is actually how packets move around. It uses MAC addresses as the destination. If your computer (192.168.0.10/24, let's say) wants to talk to another computer (192.168.0.20/24 to continue the example) on the same subnet, it sends out and ARP to ~~the broadcast of your subnet~~ ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff (EDIT: /u/fractalbrains reminded me that ARP broadcasts aren't restricted to the subnet's broadcast address) saying "HEY! Who is 192.168.0.20?!" and that computer that matches that IP address will respond with "I am! My MAC address is ff:dd:cc:bb:aa:00 (or whatever)." Your computer will now take that MAC address, put it into the packet header, and send it out, directly to the target computer. Assuming that both computers are plugged into a switch, the switch will see the incoming packet from your computer, and it knows the physical port that ff:dd:cc:bb:aa:00 is on, and it will just shove that packet out that physical port to the destination computer without any routing calculations. Layer 2 is usually very fast, and very low overhead on the switch. Layer 3 is routing. When you're trying to reach a destination outside of your local subnet, your computer can't just ARP broadcast and expect to receive a response, so it instead looks to it's routing table. To modify the earlier example, let's say your destination is 192.168.100.20/24. Since that IP isn't in your local subnet, it won't ARP for it, and will instead look at your routing table. If you don't have a route directly for that destination subnet, your computer will instead hand the packet off to the default route (in this case, probably 192.168.0.1, the first IP in the subnet, most commonly the default route, also called the gateway). The router will receive the packet from your computer, look up the destination ip in it's routing table, and forward the packet along to the next hop (either directly to the destination if it's plugged into a port on that router, or the device defined in the routing table if it needs further routing beyond the first router). Layer 4 is your port information. This requires an active listener on the destination, like a webserver running to answer port 80/443/etc, an ssh daemon listening on port 22, a telnet server listening on port 23, etc. For TCP, the port is a mandatory part of the packet header. When your computer creates the packet and sends it out, it will open a port (almost always a random high numbered port number) so it can listen on that port for the reply. Layers 5-7 aren't really useful in day to day network admin/engineering, so don't worry about that yet. Layers 2-4 are the meat of TCP, 99% of what you do will deal with those layers.


Question: How does the fact that qubits can be both 0 and 1 at the same time allows for faster computations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the fact that qubits can be both 0 and 1 at the same time allows for faster computations?

Quantum computer can evaluate combination of inputs. Let's say you have two people that say either yes (1) or no (0), and you have to decide whether they agree with each other. On classical computer, you ask the first one, then you ask the second one, then you compare the answers. You needed to ask **two times.** On a quantum computer, you can ask both of them at once. Or, better said, you can ask a "combination of them". You ask *first one + second one.* The answer will be precisely the thing you want: * 0 + 0 = **0** (mod 2) * 1 + 0 = **1** (mod 2) * 0 + 1 = **1** (mod 2) * 1 + 1 = **0** (mod 2) So, if the *combination of the people* answers you **0**, it means they agree with each other. If the combination answers you **1**, it means that they disagree. So that means asking **one time** was sufficient. Keep in mind that you don't have any information about their answers: 1. If they agree, you don't get to know what they agreed on. 2. If they don't agree, you don't get to know who of them said yes/no. However, this information is useless for your goal, all you need is some kind of aggregated information about all people.


Question: How do government treasury bonds work and how are they profitable to investors?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do government treasury bonds work and how are they profitable to investors?

The basic idea is that government bonds represent a theoretical “riskless” investment as the assumption is that a government that has control of its currency can’t default - in the worst case scenario, they’d just print more money to repay the debts. As a result, the yields on government bonds represent a pricing benchmark for other kinds of bonds - if the government bonds yield 1.56%, then other bonds presumably have to carry a higher interest rate, as the borrower isn’t the government and can actually default. People invest in government bonds, even if the yield isn’t great, for the reason above - it’s effectively a riskless investment. You obviously don’t put everything there, but it can be helpful for overall portfolio allocation.


Question: Why are donations deduced from taxes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are donations deduced from taxes?

You get tax reductions on donations because we want to encourage people to donate money. Tax can be used as an incentive system, basically. We tax things we want to discourage (like sugar, tobacco, alcohol, etc) and we don't tax things we want to encourage (like donations). This is the fundamental idea behind the carbon tax. We tax carbon emissions so that it's less costly to just not use carbon-emitting energy sources.


Question: Why is polar ice melting so much if tempurature has risen around 2 degrees and the average temp at the poles staying relatively the same?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is polar ice melting so much if tempurature has risen around 2 degrees and the average temp at the poles staying relatively the same?

The average temperatures at the poles is a bit misleading. Snow and ice does not melt faster at -36 then at -34 degrees. But temperatures are higher at the edge of the ice cap where the snow and ice is actually melting at a much higher rate then before. The reason why the temperature increase is not universally distributed is a bit complex as the weather patterns change. This is why people refer to it as climate change rather then global warming because people get the impression that everywhere gets universally warmer. And in the case of the ice caps they are not as affected by the warmer temperatures as the ice edge. In fact we have observed increased snow fall on the ice caps due to increased humidity from the higher ocean temperatures. However this is not enough to offset the increased melting at the ice edge. And once the ice edge gets closer to the center of the ice caps they will get warmer as well.


Question: Why do sources of heat, such as candles, cause the air above the heat source to appear distorted or wavy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do sources of heat, such as candles, cause the air above the heat source to appear distorted or wavy?

It's called refraction. Hot air is less dense than cold air, so it bends light differently, giving it the wavy appearance.


Question: Why does holding your breath, or refusing to exhale when you stub your toe, or kick the coffee table temporarily reduce the pain you feel?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does holding your breath, or refusing to exhale when you stub your toe, or kick the coffee table temporarily reduce the pain you feel?

It increases your blood pressure and sensors in your lungs blood vessels dampen your central nervous system (which takes messages from your body to the brain) and so reduces pain sensitivity.


Question: why do game console developer kits look ugly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do game console developer kits look ugly?

Because designing nice looking cases costs money. Developers don’t care about the aesthetics of the computer/console they’re developing for; they care about the internal hardware and the software development tools. Studios don’t want to pay more for dev kits just so they look cool in developers’ offices. And console makers don’t want to waste time/money on designs for something only developers will ever see.


Question: How did corporate raiders boost share prices?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did corporate raiders boost share prices?

Corporate raiders are vultures. That sounds bad, but vultures are an essential part of the food chain. Sunlight is eaten by plants, plants are eaten by animals, animals are eaten by bigger animals, dying animals are scavenged and decomposed by vultures and fungi so they can be used by plants again. Everyone wants to be the hero. They want to found companies and hire people. They want to grow their companies. Even multi-billion dollar companies that are already serving everyone on Earth want to grow. The problem is that growth is only possible in industries where the supply is less than the demand. Because of the focus on growth, supply eventually exceeds demand, and you have more companies than customers. Corporate raiders find industries where there are too many companies serving too few customers. They pick the weakest one and destroy it. They fire everyone, and sell the equipment (e.g., planes, factories) to the remaining companies. So their broad value is destroying companies and recycling those goods into other places. This is a good thing. It's wasteful to have two companies doing the work of one. It's better to fire everyone so they can get a more productive job elsewhere (of course, this is a messy process and leads to short term pain). So how does it increase company value? If I weigh 200 pounds and lose 50 pounds of fat, I'm healthier than I was at 200 pounds. If I gain 25 pounds of muscle afterwards, I'm much better off. In the same way, corporate raiders sell off or close down the worst performing parts of the company and focus only on the best performing parts. Corporate raiders are decomposers who don't care about the company. If a company is worth $100 million dollars intact and 110 million destroyed, it's better to destroy it, even if the company is dead/worthless afterwards. So how does this work? If you buy 100% of the shares of a company, you buy all the debts and assets that the company has. So if you own 100% of a company that owns a Picasso, you now own the painting. Corporate raiders look for circimstances where the value of the goods the company owns is worth more than the price of all the shares of a company. Why do they live so well? Everyone in society wants to be the good guy. Executives at companies want the company to grow. Employees want the company to grow. Politicians want companies to grow and be stable. But humans can't live forever. You can't have life without death. And corporate raiders look for the circumstances where they can make a ton of money by killing a company. Everyone hates them as a result, but it's an essential function in the economy. Edit: I threw in the bit about messy process and short term pain, but let me be more clear. In the long term, firing people is a good thing. A few hundred years ago, almost 100% of humans were farmers. Then tractors, fertilizer, irrigation systems, pesticides, GMOs, etc. were invented. Now 1% of the American population works as a farmer and they can feed the other 99% and export food to other countries. That meant in the short term, millions of people were fired. But in the long term, they got far more useful jobs as engineers, doctors, musicians, writers, etc. Humanity had food before. Now for the same amount of work, it has food and all those other things. Economists have developed different ways of dealing with this problem. Some say it's better to rip the band-aid off. Fire people as quickly as possible so they can get new jobs as quickly as possible. This is the most efficient approach in the long term. Others say that the short term pain is too extreme and it's better to slow it down. Who cares about the long term because in the long term we are all dead. Both of these approaches have implications for the boom-bust cycle of the economy. As a final point, corporate raiders use a lot of dirty tricks to kill companies, but executives use a lot of dirty tricks to keep companies around longer than they should be. For example, the coal industry has been dying for years, but keeps getting protection from politicians who don't want to see influential voters in swing states lose their jobs. Corporate raiders, on the other hand, actually money killing off dying companies.


Question: Why can computers play multiple audio sources at once while phones (usually) have to turn one source off to play another?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can computers play multiple audio sources at once while phones (usually) have to turn one source off to play another?

In a word, software. Computers will let you do this natively whereas Android and iOS don't (usually.) However there are apps for both that will let you play multiple files at the same time. To show that the phone can definitely play multiple files together just play a game, multiple audio files will play together all through the game.


Question: How does the sugar layer coat on M & M chocolates?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the sugar layer coat on M & M chocolates?

They put the small drops of solid chocolate into a machine that resembles a small cement mixer. Said tumbler contains the sugar coating in a warm/hot liquid state, and it slowly builds up on the solid chocolate pieces. The thickness of the coating is controlled simply by time. They leave them in the machine for a precise amount of time to get the desired result. The shape is controlled entirely by the shape of the piece of chocolate.


Question: what exactly is red hat, what do they do and how do they make money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what exactly is red hat, what do they do and how do they make money?

They are a computer software company, more-or-less like Microsoft. The difference is that they develop "open source" software, which means that it is freely available for anyone to modify, or, really, do anything they want with it. While you can run the software they sell without paying any money^*, they largely make money by selling support for computers running that software. \* RedHat has certain trademarks that they don't allow to be freely distributed, but these are largely cosmetic.


Question: At what level in resolution (4k, 8k, etc) is something higher resolution than average human eyes max out at and why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 At what level in resolution (4k, 8k, etc) is something higher resolution than average human eyes max out at and why?

Eye-limiting resolution is about one arc-~~second~~minute†. That means that when you have a 60 x 60 pixel patch that's 1˚ by 1˚, that's the most a person with 20/20 vision can distinguish. So, your 4K display has 2160 lines vertically. So if you sit far enough back that the height of the TV is 36˚ tall, then the 4K display has eye-limiting resolution. However, the human field of view is 135˚ by 120˚, so it takes a lot of pixels to cover that. The eye doesn't have its best resolution everywhere, so you could make a special eye-like display with lots of pixels in the middle and fewer pixels in the periphery, but that would be super difficult to make. The very agile muscles that rotate the eyes are also a problem for this scheme. Edit: † There was a typo in this line, it should be arc-minute, as I used in the other calculations. Sorry.


Question: What’s the difference between acceleration and velocity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s the difference between acceleration and velocity?

Velocity is how fast you are going right now (or at any specific time). It's a little more complicated than "speed" because velocity includes information about the direction you are moving, not only how fast you are going. Acceleration describes how quickly your velocity is changing.


Question: Why can we listen to music at a loud volume, but once it cuts to a commercial or someone talking, it sounds a lot louder?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can we listen to music at a loud volume, but once it cuts to a commercial or someone talking, it sounds a lot louder?

You know how at the loud volume of your music the music itself has variations in loudness? Some sounds are louder some are softer. So, without changing the volume of your speakers you can encode and change the volume of the music. Advertisers know this and just make their sound super loud. Its illegal in most media in the US. There is a max encoded volume for television commercials, at any rate.


Question: When you're on a roller coaster or something which drops quickly, what is the feeling in your stomach and why do you get it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When you're on a roller coaster or something which drops quickly, what is the feeling in your stomach and why do you get it?

That feeling is two things. One - you have special sensory cells that detect acceleration. These feel rapid acceleration and essentially cause a panic response. The other part of it is more visceral - literally all your organs are moving and you feel it.


Question: Why instant coffee is water soluble, but coffee grounds aren't?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why instant coffee is water soluble, but coffee grounds aren't?

Instant coffee is made by brewing coffee at a very high heat and pressure, then spraying it out of an orifice into a heated chamber where the water instantly evaporates, leaving behind just the coffee solids. Instant coffee is just dehydrated brewed coffee, where as the coffee grounds are just the ground up coffee beans.


Question: What's the difference between cognitive science/neuroscience/psychology?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between cognitive science/neuroscience/psychology?

They do overlap a lot so I understand your confusion. Neuroscience and neuropsychology is mainly focused on the biology of the brain including the two half of the brain, the different areas, white and grey matter, neurons, axons, synapses etc etc (trying not to throw in too many fancy words here). It basically focuses on what our brain looks like and what it is capable of and what the biological parts of the brain does and how it develops. Cognitive science is focused on mental processes, language, perception, memory etc. Cognitive psychology is mainly about how we understand and make sense of the world. In terms of University it’s unlikely that you will study one without learning about the other, as the areas of the brain are responsible for different cognitive functions and cognitive science helps explain what the brain areas does and neuroscience supports or reject theories about cognitive function through neuroimaging. And so on and so on. The basic point is that they are very intertwined but whichever one you study will provide more detailed information on that particular subject and be the dominant part of the class. If you choose cognitivescience or neuroscience without the psychology part it will be an even broader and more general viewpoint.


Question: Why are websites so dead-set on showing you ads? Even if the user doesn't click an ad, does the website still make money because the user still saw it on the side of their screen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are websites so dead-set on showing you ads? Even if the user doesn't click an ad, does the website still make money because the user still saw it on the side of their screen?

Oh yes absolutely. they get paid. Digital ads get paid in two general ways: 1) Per click. Less common, but the site gets paid for each time a user clicks the ad on the page. This really isn't a great way to do ads, though it still is one way for sure. 2) Per view. This is overwhelmingly the most common way. Usually calculated in per 1000 views called "CPM". A website may get say $2 per CPM (that is $2 per 1000 views) of an ad. Shitty websites sell shitty ads and get shitty pays. Great websites with wealthy audiences, like say the Wall Street Journal, sell much more expensive ads. The actual economics of who gets paid what on ads are much more complicated than how I said it above, but the CPM "per view" method is the most common way ad digital ads are sold.


Question: Why do men have bigger growth spurts than women?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do men have bigger growth spurts than women?

Edit: It seems I am mistaken. See the comment below for someone who knows more than I do. There are two main reasons men are taller than women on average. First, boys start their final growth spurt about two years later than girls. This means that boys get two extra years of normal childhood growth than girls do. The second reason is that men and women have different hormone levels. Men have higher levels of testosterone, which causes them to grow faster when they do hit their growth spurt. As far as the second part of your question is concerned, I don't know fi that's true, and if it is, why that is the case. If I had to guess, I would say something else to do with testosterone, but I'll let someone more knowledgeable than I am answer it for sure. For more info, you can check out [this article]( URL_0 ).


Question: if plants age, how can you plant a cutting and still get a normal growth like it was a plant from seed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if plants age, how can you plant a cutting and still get a normal growth like it was a plant from seed?

Most plants are indeterminate growers, meaning that if they properly care for they can continue to grow for a very long time. A reason a plant might die of "old age" is that they get too big, and therefore have a hard time getting water to their entire system. They're also "perpetually embryonic", meaning that their cells are capable of changing into different kinds of cells, like human stem cells. This is why you can take a cutting and replant it and create a whole new plant.


Question: Why is the US labeled as one of the richest countries in the world while also being in an extreme amount of debt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the US labeled as one of the richest countries in the world while also being in an extreme amount of debt?

Countries don't keep money in their bank like people do. "Countries" are actually the companies that are in that country, and the economic output is the output of these companies. So companies don't keep money in the bank either, if there's a surplus of money it's much better to invest it in equipment or people to grow the company. So companies operate on debt, like a person would operate by using credit-cards only. They "settle accounts" and "pay later". A country's economy / wealth is calculated based on its Gross Domestic Product - the ability of its population to produce things. The debt is a normal part of business, and it only becomes an issue when the *interest* of this debt gets close to or becomes larger than the GDP's capability to pay it.


Question: Why can there never be true randomness?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can there never be true randomness?

> So why can't there be true randomness We don't know that there cannot be, and indeed certain physical phenomena that we observe appears to be truly random, at least on an extremely small scale. So the assumption is not supported by current evidence.


Question: How are websites that sell anabolic steroids not shut down by the feds if possession or distribution of such products are illegal? Specifically in the US.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are websites that sell anabolic steroids not shut down by the feds if possession or distribution of such products are illegal? Specifically in the US.

In general, performance enhancing drugs are legal to use, it's just that most competitions and athletic associations forbid their participants to do so and will disqualify users to ensure a fair competition. However, if you don't intend to participate in competitions and don't care about your long-term health, you're free to use them.


Question: Why are people so concerned with my vehicles extended warranty?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are people so concerned with my vehicles extended warranty?

It's just a scam that can sound pretty convincing. I'm sure you could imagine elderly folks buying into this fairly easily. I also believe, at least where I am, that when you register a vehicle that's public record. so in any company can add me to a spam list with that info. Plus I'm pretty sure the state and the dealership probably sold my info to these companies too.


Question: Why doctors ask you to take deep breaths when they check your chest/back using the stethoscope?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why doctors ask you to take deep breaths when they check your chest/back using the stethoscope?

They are listening for abnormal noises. If you don't make your lungs make noises, they can't hear if the noises sound wrong.


Question: Why are snowflakes always 6-sided?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are snowflakes always 6-sided?

6 sided is the most stable structure, above that it becomes so unstable that the strong 6 sides stay intact and others fall apart, waiting for the pending ones to form the viscous one again.


Question: How do people sign up/ be assigned to highly secretive and special organizations and jobs like a spy or people who work at Area 51? How do you climb the ranks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do people sign up/ be assigned to highly secretive and special organizations and jobs like a spy or people who work at Area 51? How do you climb the ranks?

For secret military projects it's fairly straightforward. You go get a degree in a desirable field, get a job with a defense contractor or government agency, and then if you have the skills and you have the right background to get a TS clearance you'll get assigned to (or requested for) a project that fits your skills. The CIA openly recruits. If you want to take a crack at being a spy you can go apply right now on USA Jobs.


Question: how does acute radiation poisoning induce vomiting, nausea within just tens of minutes of exposure, and in more serious cases, instant loss of consciousnesses?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does acute radiation poisoning induce vomiting, nausea within just tens of minutes of exposure, and in more serious cases, instant loss of consciousnesses?

Radiation is especially damaging to soft tissues - skin, blood and blood vessels, GI tract, brain and nerves. If you get a full body dose, the GI tract (stomach and intestines) are damaged and thats where the vomiting and nausea come from Platelets are damaged and wounds and burns hemorrhage without an ability to stop bleeding Take a big dose to the head, the brain and nerves are damaged, and along with the bleeding, it's a terrible, terrible thing


Question: Why is an aluminum sheet more likely to tear in a straight line than a sheet of paper?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is an aluminum sheet more likely to tear in a straight line than a sheet of paper?

Paper is full of fibers or tiny "strings", which give it the combination of strength and flexibility we associate with paper. Any specific location in a sheet of paper is connected by this structure to other locations. The distance and direction of each fiber is somewhat random, giving it uneven strength. Tearing will happen along the weakest point (within some limits, depending on where you apply the tearing force) which causes an uneven tear. Aluminum foil is pretty consistently structured. Not *every* metal atom bonds to others in exactly the same way, but they don't form long strings like the fibers that make up paper. So there is no pattern of strength/weakness that would cause the tear to be anything *other* than a straight line.


Question: The CEO of the company I work for just sold $1.2 million of his company stock. What does that usually mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 The CEO of the company I work for just sold $1.2 million of his company stock. What does that usually mean?

Depends on what the stock is worth and how much of it the CEO had, really. If the stock isn't worth much that would be a big sale which can mean bad news for the company or that they're moving on and don't want to carry the stock with them when they go. If the stock is valuable and the sale was small they could be buying a nice boat or a new house.


Question: Isn't everything of natural "origin"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Isn't everything of natural "origin"?

Strictly speaking, there is nothing in the universe that is unnatural. The idea that something touched by humans is somehow excepted from nature is just evidence of our hubris.


Question: Why do people have to use the bathroom so soon after drinking beer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people have to use the bathroom so soon after drinking beer?

Alcohol is a diuretic. What this means is, when you drink alcohol, you produce more urine. This happens because alcohol suppresses release of arginine vasopressin or anti\-diuretic hormone \(ADH\), the hormone that allows your kidneys to return water to your bloodstream. The effect is additive, so drinking more alcohol increases the level of dehydration. Another part of the reason you visit the bathroom more often is because alcohol also stimulates the bladder, so you'll feel the urge to pee sooner than you would ordinarily.


Question: How do scientists know such specific details about planets that are light years away?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do scientists know such specific details about planets that are light years away?

so, one of the cool things about light is that you can use it to spot and identify what something is made of using a rather awesome sounding technique called Astronomical spectroscopy. (delightfully trekky sounding isn't it?) essentially we use a telescope to gather up tons of light from something we want to investigate. different elements and compounds generate different colours of light, which we can separate out and look at individually. different things gather up different types of light and radiation so everything has a specific little wavelength of light which is really distinctive. we can then match up all these little wavelengths against a sort of chemical colour chart and work out what would generate that kind of spectrum. it's not easy and takes a lot of careful checking to really home in on what something is made from but it does let us get really good general pictures of what things are made from. hope this helps! :D


Question: How time behaves in 4 th dimension?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How time behaves in 4 th dimension?

You know yourself. We are all living in the fourth dimension. That's kind of the point. The idea that time is a fourth dimension is essentially a mathematical "trick" (really just a statement/observation). What it means is simply that it is impossible to talk about a particular location without defining it in time. It's a consequence of the statements that the laws of physics don't change for non accelerating reference frames, and that the speed of light is constant to all observers. For both of those things to be true, it must be the case that space and time are linked such that they are not independent of each other. But that doesn't mean time is a dimension in the way that we think about ordinary dimensions, spatial dimensions, length, width, and height. It's not. In particular, as far as we know, it's impossible to go backward in time, which obviously isn't the case for a spatial dimension. That isn't the consequence of general relativity, the rules I mentioned above, but other observations we've made about the universe.


Question: why do the scents of men’s products (body wash, cologne) last so much longer than female ones do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do the scents of men’s products (body wash, cologne) last so much longer than female ones do?

It could be that you are so used to the smell of your own products that you simply stop noticing it's smell, whereas when you use someone else's it's still a unique smell to you