Question: Why do fans work in cooling you off? The air is already the same temperature in the room, so why does it matter if it’s in movement?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do fans work in cooling you off? The air is already the same temperature in the room, so why does it matter if it’s in movement?

Your skin is warmer than the air in the room, so heat flows out of your body into the air. This heats the air directly next to you. Fans blow this warm air away and replace it with room-temperature air.


Question: Why do chickens fall under hypnosis by simply drawing a line in front of them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do chickens fall under hypnosis by simply drawing a line in front of them?

Snakes eat chickens. Snakes look like lines. Snakes don't like dead things. If you had a hundred chickens play dead in front of a snake, and a hundred chickens try to run or fight a snake, there would be more play dead chickens alive than the others.


Question: what makes something classifiable as a disease?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what makes something classifiable as a disease?

In humans, disease is used to refer to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. In medical terms, if you break your leg, that's considered a disease. As is getting a pathogen like viral pneumonia or salmonella. As is a genetic error that causes you pain like huntington's. It's a pretty broad definition.


Question: Why is the desire to 'own' stronger than the desire to 'use'?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the desire to 'own' stronger than the desire to 'use'?

Do you mean, for example, I want to own a house rather than rent (use) someone else's?


Question: why is it so dangerous for alcoholics to stop drinking cold turkey?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is it so dangerous for alcoholics to stop drinking cold turkey?

Imagine that a horrible hangover is your body going through withdrawal. It’s stressful, painful, you’re dehydrated, you’re blood pressures all fucked up and you’re not thinking right. Now dial that shit to 11. Your body has become accustomed to receiving this poison. It’s a depressant and it’s chemically changed you. You can start to physically need and depend on it. When you take it away, you’re body isn’t fucking happy and decide to say fuck you in the best possible way. You have heart palpitations, seizures, your liver may swell, you may be vomiting and dehydrated and hallucinating and even better, you can’t sleep. You can’t sleep because you’ve been using that shit to fall asleep for years, and your body doesn’t know what to do. So you have this extreme stress on your body, all the while your brain is looking for this chemical that it had been so used to. That much stress on your brain and heart is not good. Source: am heavy use alcoholic who quit a few weeks ago.


Question: Why does jam(jelly) get so watery when you get close to the bottom?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does jam(jelly) get so watery when you get close to the bottom?

The way that people usually scoop jam from a jar forms a cone shaped depression. Over time water will diffuse (i.e leak) out of the jam, due to concentration differences and gravity, and pool at the lowest possible point. Consider if you kept the surface of the jam completely flat. This would make it more difficult for water to leak out of the jam, but may happen given enough time.


Question: Why do we catch the common cold so often?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we catch the common cold so often?

The answer is that there are multiple ones. In fact there are over 200. Of which 99 are strains of the Rhinovirus. Vaccination against one strain doesn't seem to give much immunity to the others. They are also constantly mutating and making more and different strains.


Question: When we get hurt why is our reaction to touch/grab the area that hurts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When we get hurt why is our reaction to touch/grab the area that hurts?

Like a double edged reaction. 1st part is to protect the area from further pain and the second as a primal emergency medical need like clutching a more major bleed in an attempt to stem the blleding (to stop what is inside from getting outside) We want to protect ourselves from further damage and we want to limit the damage already done to us.


Question: How does Jupiter spin faster than earth when it is bigger in mass?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Jupiter spin faster than earth when it is bigger in mass?

The rate of rotation isn't limited by mass (for the purposes of ELI5). For example, the mass of Mars is about 10 times less than Earth's mass, but the rate of rotation is nearly the same. Pulsar stars can be more massive than our Sun and spin hundreds of times per second. It's the same as if you had a bunch of marbles of various sizes and decided to spin a large one really fast and a small one a little slower. Without friction, they would continue to spin at that rate.


Question: In regards to airplanes, what is "recirculated air" and how does it work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In regards to airplanes, what is "recirculated air" and how does it work?

u/MisterF852 is correct in the mechanics of how the cabin air works. I will add this, the idea of recycled air in airplanes is a complete myth. Planes go through about 15 air exchanges an hour. This is much more than even a car.


Question: Is the speed of light constant? Is the speed of all electromagnetic wave constant?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is the speed of light constant? Is the speed of all electromagnetic wave constant?

light is same thing as electromagentic radiation. xray, radio, visible, ultraviolet, infrared, are all the same thing. just different frequencies. light moves at a constant rate.


Question: How does sickness make you physically weak?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does sickness make you physically weak?

Yes, feeling weak/tired/deprived of energy is quite common and logical when you think about it. If you have a fever for example your body will burn up more energy, making you feel weak. For other sicknesses this is similar, your body needs to create antibodies to "attack" the bacteria or virus and make you healthy again. The creation of these antibodies is rather costly for your body, and it demands a lot of energy, making you feel physically weak. Basically your body is at war!


Question: Why does being hungry make you angry?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does being hungry make you angry?

It's called being 'hangry'. 3 reasons for it; 1. as carbohydrates break down they turn into glucose, which your brain requires a constant supply of in order to function. Over time the amount of glucose drops, causing the brain to think that death is iminent if it doesn't get more now. 2. In response to low glucose the organs begin producing stress hormones like epinephrine and cortisol to try and make more glucose for the brain. These hormones increase aggression. 3. The genes that regulate hunger also control anger and aggression via a protein called neuropeptide y. I love science.


Question: Why is it that retail jobs seem to expect the most out of their employees for seemingly the least pay?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that retail jobs seem to expect the most out of their employees for seemingly the least pay?

The reason is that in retail, almost every employee nearly all the time is facing a customer. If you're not "excited" about the company, constantly cheerful, etc., customers could pick up on that and have a less enjoyable shopping experience, and therefore might choose elsewhere to shop in the future. Professional settings, you're in front of clients a little bit, but then most of it is working on a report, product, whatever "behind the scenes," where there's not as much of a need to be so rah-rah all the time.


Question: Why does the light from the sun start looking orange while it’s setting?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the light from the sun start looking orange while it’s setting?

For the same reason that the sky is blue! It's a phenomenon called [Rayleigh scattering]( URL_1 ). Shorter wavelengths of light (i.e. blue light) get scattered more by the atmosphere than longer wavelengths. During the day, that causes some of the blue light from the sun to kind of bounce around the atmosphere, eventually appearing to come from all directions at once. Thus making the sky look blue. But during sunrise and sunset, the light from the sun has to pass through a lot more atmosphere than during the day (see [this image]( URL_0 )). That causes the blue light to scatter so much that most of it doesn't even reach you, causing the sun to look orange (white minus blue).


Question: Why does fruit taste sour before it ripens?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does fruit taste sour before it ripens?

" The ratio of acidity to sweetness(i.e. Brix Acid ratio) changes because there's additional sugar, which gives the impression of less sourness. As **fruits ripen**, they convert starches to sugar due to the presence of ethylene gas, which makes them sweeter. " die


Question: Why do intrusive thoughts occur?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do intrusive thoughts occur?

Thoughts are literally only limited by your imagination; if you can think it there’s a good chance you will think it at some point. In that way thoughts can be meaningful, meaningless, useful, benign and painful and every iteration in between. Sometimes we are really good at letting random thoughts come and go through our head without thinking too much about it, but other times thoughts can be perceived as threatening. When a thought is unintentional and perceived to be threatening (even strongly unwanted), we call it an intrusive thought. We’ve all had the experience of an upsetting thought enter our head. Take for instance the thought “if I step in front of this train I will die”, now just because I have had this thought doesn’t mean it represents my intention (it doesn’t btw). Thoughts aren’t facts. However, it is an upsetting thought. Now when these thoughts don’t represent our intentions, most of the time we can just let them come and go without being too bothered by them. Occasionally though, the thought can be so bothersome as to be perceived as threatening, subconsciously I might think “this thought is dangerous, if I keep thinking it I might actually step in front of a train. Therefore I cannot think it anymore.” The brain has now identified the thought as threatening, and does what it always does with threatening things- vigilantly keeps an eye out for them. But a brain being a brain, it doesn’t have to look far to find the threatening thought: “I must not think about stepping in front of a train... oh no I just thought about stepping in front of a train... I did it again, I must stop thinking about stepping in front of a train...argh!” You see the problem right? If I tell you not to think of a pink elephant, what are you going to think of? If you try not to think about something, you’re going to think about it, that can feel threatening to us; the perceived lack of control of intrusive thoughts can amplify the level of threat that is perceived. When people feel very threatened by thoughts they are having, it is likely they will feel very anxious too. Eventually, you can come to associate the intrusive thought with all these things; the attempts to not think about the thought, the feeling of being out of control, the anxious feelings. So guess what, now it works in the other direction and each of these experiences can become triggers for the intrusive thought. The good news is that we often can make intrusive thoughts less bothersome. It involves reminding yourself that thoughts aren’t facts. It involves accepting that upsetting thoughts will come and go, and that you don’t need to do anything with them. When we truly embrace the idea that these thoughts will happen and that they are not inherently dangerous, the irony is that we are likely to have fewer of them, and be less bothered by them when they do occur.


Question: Why does varnish make paintings color pop more and become more clear? Why does it make the grain in wood come out and be more defined? Is it the same kind of thing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does varnish make paintings color pop more and become more clear? Why does it make the grain in wood come out and be more defined? Is it the same kind of thing?

Same reason polishing them does. A surface that looks oks flat is actually very rough at a microscopic level. All those various surfaces reflect the light in different directions. When it is varnished or polished the surface is much smoother and from any given direction the light is either reflected from the surface (looking like a “shine”) or it reaches the wood, paint etc. and then comes back at your eye with the color of the material.


Question: How do the magnetic field lines in a closed current carrying loop not intersect?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do the magnetic field lines in a closed current carrying loop not intersect?

The lines are imaginary, meant to give a visualization. A field is a quantity that exists at every point in space. The magnetic field is a vector field - so every point in space has a magnetic potential with a certain magnitude and direction. This is somewhat hard to visualize so to illustrate it lines are drawn to represent this field. This doesn't mean that the field ONLY exists where the lines are drawn. An analogy would be kind of how you would draw lines to represent the flow of water in a stream. Intersecting them would generally not make sense because it wouldn't represent how a water particle would "flow" if it started at that point.


Question: Why is it that when briefly putting your hands under hot water they sting more after taking them out of the hot water more than when in it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that when briefly putting your hands under hot water they sting more after taking them out of the hot water more than when in it?

This won't be the most scientific answer, but here you go: & #x200B; Your nerve system has a 'short' where the sting signal goes from your hands, through your arm, to your spinal column, then bounces back to your arm where you feel instant pain. The body's reaction is to pull your hands out of the hot water. The second sting you feel is the signal traveling to your brain, being processed up there, then getting sent back down to your hands. & #x200B; It's an evolutionary adaptation to preserve the body in potentially dangerous situations.


Question: What is the technological singularity and superintelligence?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the technological singularity and superintelligence?

Imagine a "thing-inventor". This thing-inventor is able to invent things. One of these things is another thing-inventor, a little bit better than the original. It can also invent thing-inventors. As you go along this chain, you get an ever increasing level of complexity and power. This spirals out, until there is no improvements to be made. That's the technological singularity.


Question: How do fans collect so much dust even though some are spinning almost all the time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do fans collect so much dust even though some are spinning almost all the time?

Spinning fan blades are in contact with the air more than stationary fan blades. More contact with the air = more opportunity to collect dust. The dust doesn’t fall off the blade from spinning like you would think. Dust is inherently electrically charged too I believe, so that might have something to do with it not sliding off the fan blades when spinning initially. Friction creates a static charge between the dust and the fan blades as they spin, building up more and more dust. Moisture. Van see Waal’s forces too. **Edit**: *I* *see* my error: Van der Waals* **Edit**: u/ultrab1ue added: Blasius boundary layer, which says the speed of the fluid \(air\) closest to the surface \(fan blade\) doesn't move with respect to the surface. \(The dust on the hood of your car also doesn't get blown off despite driving 90mph.\) These guys explain it better: [ URL_1 ]( URL_0 )


Question: How can car insurance providers charge more simply for being male?

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 How can car insurance providers charge more simply for being male?

Because they can point to decades of statistics that a 17 year old male is extremely likely to be a doofus and wreck his car. I'm not sure there's any reason they can't charge you more for being black, too, if there's genuine statistical evidence that you are thus more likely to get in a crash. The whole idea of insurance only works because of correct assessment of risk.


Question: Why do people get tongue tied in social situations, and how does one improve their social skills?

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 Why do people get tongue tied in social situations, and how does one improve their social skills?

As others have stated, this is classic anxiety. What has not been stated is that biologically, the reason for your symptoms is that anxiety is your body activating its fight-or-flight mechanism. When in fight-or-flight, certain parts of your brain and body are shut down to allow other parts to work more efficiently. Your speech center is one of those parts that gets shut down, while your reasoning remains active. If you have overactive anxiety, it can cause a myriad of health issues because your body is in fight-or-flight mode more often than it should be.


Question: The whole "Plastic Snowball" thing that's going around. Should snow melt if tightly compressed or is there a scientific reason the snow isn't melting and turning black?

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 The whole "Plastic Snowball" thing that's going around. Should snow melt if tightly compressed or is there a scientific reason the snow isn't melting and turning black?

The snowball isn't tuning black, the snowball is collecting soot from products of incomplete combustion. The soot further insulates the snowball from further melting, combined with the high specific heat of water which makes it hard to melt with a tiny heat source


Question: Amazon is so big, how come they are not being forced to breakup like other companies have been?

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 Amazon is so big, how come they are not being forced to breakup like other companies have been?

They aren't a monopoly. I can reasonably get access to similar products and services from other companies. There isn't really anything Amazon does that forces me to use them exclusively so they aren't viewed as anti-competitive. Big companies aren't broken up because of their size. They are broken up because they have little to no competitors in an industry and essentially force customers to use them for a particular product or service.


Question: Why do materials such as silk disintegrate so quickly when sealed ancient tombs are opened?

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 Why do materials such as silk disintegrate so quickly when sealed ancient tombs are opened?

The materials in the tomb have gradually decayed such that they are *extremely* delicate. However with the tomb sealed there isn't anything to cause them to fall apart other than their own weight, so they can still be seemingly intact while even a tiny disturbance would cause them to disintegrate. When the tomb is opened it allows a lot of disturbances inside. There is air movement that didn't happen before, there is moisture, there is even just *light* that can cause chemical reactions in the materials. A very delicate material right on the edge of falling apart on its own can easily be pushed over the edge.


Question: If caffeine binds to the adenosine receptors in the brain does that mean coffee doesn't wake you up but keeps you from getting more tired?

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 If caffeine binds to the adenosine receptors in the brain does that mean coffee doesn't wake you up but keeps you from getting more tired?

Adenosine binding in the basal forebrain increases what’s referred to as your homeostatic sleep drive. This and your circadian sleep drive (aka body clock) are what eventually make you fall asleep and keep you asleep throughout the night. Preventing adenosine from binding prevents your homeostatic sleep drive from inclining for the period of time that caffeine is binding instead. Sleep inertia refers to how groggy you feel in the morning/how difficult it is to gain normal daily functioning. I cannot imagine caffeine binding to affect sleep inertia, so I believe your explanation is correct. I don’t know why people drink coffee in the morning. Maybe it’s a placebo effect. Edit: I got to thinking that maybe caffeine not only prevents adenosine from binding but may also increase epinephrine, norepinephrine, or cortisol levels. I googled it and apparently coffee increases these “stress hormones/neurotransmitters” as well. Pretty interesting!


Question: Why does the air quality always seem so fresh after it rains?

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 Why does the air quality always seem so fresh after it rains?

The falling water pulls dirt and other pollutants from the air, making it clearer to breathe.


Question: What is 'parsing' in computer syntax analysis?

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 What is 'parsing' in computer syntax analysis?

Ifyoureadthisstreamoflettersyoucanprobablystillunderstandwhatiamsaying. Your brain is parsing that long string of letters. It breaks it apart in to words, then as it assigns meaning to the words to form complete sentences. Parsing in computer syntax analysis works much the same way. You have some data that the computer can't really use in its current form: takes it in using some specified method, and assigns some meaning or arranges the data in to some structure it can utilize.


Question: [MATHEMATICS] Why is any non-zero number to the power of zero is always 1?

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 [MATHEMATICS] Why is any non-zero number to the power of zero is always 1?

To multiply that number by itself a certain number of times, we use an exponent. For example, three to the second power is three multiplied by itself 2 times, or 3*3=9. Let's look at a few examples: 3^5 = 3x3x3x3x3 = 243 3^4 = 3x3x3x3 = 81 3^3 = 3x3x3 = 27 3^2 = 3x3 = 9 3^1 = 3 = 3 You can also see that each time we reduce the power by 1 we divide the value by 3. Here are some examples: 3^0 = 3/3 = 1 3^-1 = 1/3 = 0.3333 3^(-2) = 1/3/3 = 0.1111 3^(-3) = 1/3/3/3 = 0.037037


Question: how any average joe can’t become a famous artist by painting something with hidden meaning but “modern art” is considered extremely valuable?

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 how any average joe can’t become a famous artist by painting something with hidden meaning but “modern art” is considered extremely valuable?

Basically, modern art is based on the idea that since we have photographs now, art isn't just about trying to copy nature. Instead, art is about feelings, making people feel something when they look at it. A painting that may seem simple is designed to get you to think of something, to feel, to look at it and go "Okay, so why did the artist make this?" There's a bunch of people who are really into that, and are willing to buy art from artists who are popular and liked by other modern artists and critics. While it may seem simple to go "I'm going to splatter paint on a canvas and call it art", part of becoming a popular modern artist is getting others to agree that your art has feelings and emotions behind it, and then to have it displayed at museums so critics and patrons of the arts can look at it and agree. So if Average Joe was willing to participate in the local art scene, and produce works that other artists felt had merit, he could eventually become famous. That being said, the overwhelming majority of modern artists are poor and just make art because they want to. Very very very very few become rich.


Question: Why shooting too much rounds using a sniper rifle could cause bleeding and retinal detachment?

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 Why shooting too much rounds using a sniper rifle could cause bleeding and retinal detachment?

Some very large caliber rifles have an impressive muzzle blast. That is, the gas escaping the muzzle as the bullet leaves the barrel can create a fairly intense pressure wave. Some of that can be mitigated with muzzle brakes, but those add length and weight. A particularly unpleasant .50 is like getting slapped in the face every time you fire it.


Question: How the Prince ruperts drop works?

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 How the Prince ruperts drop works?

Molten class is poured into water, making it cool immediately and unevenly. The outside cools first, then the inside. But when things cool, they shrink, so the outside is pulled in by the slower cooling inside. This tightens the outside layer of glass, packing it denser together, thus making it harded. The drop's only weakness is it's tail. If you cut the tail with plyers you break the surface tention of the top layer. This releases the built up energy in this tention making it explode in an extreme way. Hope this helped.


Question: How do suicidal bridge jumpers die when olympic high divers usually make it out okay? Does the fall kill them or the water?

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 How do suicidal bridge jumpers die when olympic high divers usually make it out okay? Does the fall kill them or the water?

I'd say it has to do with two things. First, bridges are usually a lot taller. Secondly it has a lot to do with the way you hit the water. Divers are specifically trained to hit the water in such a way that it breaks the surface tension of the water and allows them to Glide into the water smoothly. Contrast this was doing a belly flop into a pool from even a short distance, and see the difference. Hitting water can be as hard as hitting concrete.


Question: If there are fewer leaves in the winter, does it mean we have less oxygen then?

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 If there are fewer leaves in the winter, does it mean we have less oxygen then?

No. The global oxygen level do not fluctuate that much if at all from things like loosing leaves because half the world is always going to be in summer. Also equatorial rainforests are always in summer, and contribute the most of anything to filtering air.


Question: How does gambling work and how do “odds” work?

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 How does gambling work and how do “odds” work?

The odds depend on the game being played, and the rules for those are usually the same wherever you are (barring any odd house rules that the casino may have). Basically, what the casino will be trying to ensure is that the odds of the punter winning mean, on average, they'll receive less money in winnings than they paid in the first place, because that's how they make their money. To reduce it to its simplest, if they had a game where you pay $1 to flip a coin and you win $1.50 cents if it comes up heads, the win on average will come out to $0.75 (because heads occur half the time) so the casino is ahead. The odds of winning in that case would be 2 to 1.


Question: If I get shanked, are my individual cells being cut into pieces or are they being cut around/between?

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 If I get shanked, are my individual cells being cut into pieces or are they being cut around/between?

On the scale of individual cells they are really going to be more crushed and torn than cut, but there certainly will be a lot of cells destroyed in that way. However what is most important to you, to whole person, is that the cells are being cut around and between. That the cells which actually had their cell walls broken are destroyed isn't as important as the flesh being ruptured in the large scale.


Question: How does shorting a stock work? Who is buying it from you??

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 How does shorting a stock work? Who is buying it from you??

Shorting works as follows: * Find a stock you think is going to drop in value. * Either already own some shares in that company, or borrow it from someone willing to lend it to you for a fee and a promise you'll return it at a later date. * Sell that stock on the general market. Earn Money. * When the date approaches that you promised to return the stock purchase the same amount of the stock that you sold. * Return the stock. * Hopefully the price you sold the stock is higher than the price you bought it at, and you pocket the difference once all fees are paid. Anyone could buy it from you: you're just selling a share as you'd sell any other share on the stock market. Your buyer doesn't know you're shorting, they just put out an offer to buy and you responded to that offer.


Question: Why does milk have a shelf life of 1 month or more today, when 20 years ago you got maybe a week or 10 days?

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 Why does milk have a shelf life of 1 month or more today, when 20 years ago you got maybe a week or 10 days?

You must be in the States, here in New Zealand, milk with a shelf life of that long is UHT and it tastes weird. Non pasteurised milk lasts about 2-4 days depending on how quickly it is cooled and how cold it is kept. Pasteurised milk is heated to the point most bacteria is killed, but the proteins and fats in the milk are not denatured, this milk has a refrigerated shelf life of 7-14 days. Milk can be pasteurised at higher temperatures but it can affect the flavour of the milk. There are other ways of preserving milk too like irradiation and adding preservatives


Question: Is a predisposition to substance abuse based on family history mainly due to environment or genetics? How could genes make you more likely to abuse drugs/alcohol?

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 Is a predisposition to substance abuse based on family history mainly due to environment or genetics? How could genes make you more likely to abuse drugs/alcohol?

Addiction researcher here. **Yes**, your genes predispose you to addiction. There are genes that control how strongly you react to drugs – not only the physical and mental effects, but its reinforcing effects. Every time your brain performs an action (in this case drinking) and it likes the result, it will reprogram your brain to increase the likelihood you'll do it again. Addictive drugs hijack that system. Addicts brains reprogram to a greater extent. Also theres a lot of overlap with people who are depressed or anxious, which also encourages drinking. Heres the kicker, environment can act on genes to encourage addiction. Second, we also need to consider social values. If you get bad hangovers, sometimes get angry, and drink > 5 drinks in less than 2 hours 5x per month, you could be classified as having a substance abuse disorder. That is not to say you're a hopeless addict, but medicine might categorize you as such. Depending on where you come from, this kind of drinking might not be too much a problem (e.g. college). As a parting note, addiction medicine is an emerging field with many complicated unanswered questions. Environmental, cultural, and biological factors all contribute a critical role in addiction.


Question: Why does the catholic church deal with sexual assault allegations against priests as opposed to the law?

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 Why does the catholic church deal with sexual assault allegations against priests as opposed to the law?

You’re mistaken. The priests answer to the same laws as you and I as applicable in their jurisdiction. However, with all situations such as this, the prosecution needs credible witnesses and bonafide proof to bring these charges against them. This is called due process and it’s guaranteed to all American citizens. The Roman Catholic Church does have the right to conduct its own investigation and then decide whether or not to strip a priest of their privileges based of this internal review process. Long story short, there are two different processes involved here and they act independently of each other.


Question: Why is the derivative of a circle's area its circumference, and the derivative of a sphere's volume its surface area?

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</answer>
 Why is the derivative of a circle's area its circumference, and the derivative of a sphere's volume its surface area?

The area of a line is it's length times it's width. By definition lines have zero width so their area is zero. Derivatives describe how something changes when zero change is made - I believe the term typically used is an infinitesimal or infinitely small change, but they work just as well for zero. The change in the area of a circle when it's radius is increased by zero is the area of its circumference, which is zero but "a larger zero" for large circumferences than small ones. To visualize this, you can think of drawing the area of a circle as an infinite number of infinitely close together circumferences of a circle. Add a circumference and the circle grows by an infinitely small amount. Add another and it grows by another infinitely small but slightly larger amount. Same principle applies to spheres.


Question: Why does a ceiling fan (or any fan/object) that is constantly in motion still gather tons of dust?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a ceiling fan (or any fan/object) that is constantly in motion still gather tons of dust?

Friction with the air builds up static electricity on the blades, which attracts and accumulates dust. The same effect as rubbing a balloon on your hair and 'sticking' it to the ceiling.


Question: Why does water make opaque materials like concrete appear darker when they are wet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does water make opaque materials like concrete appear darker when they are wet?

I see this question on here maybe once a week. Basically light hits the water and is knocked into different angles. Then hits the object and bounces off it, hits the air and again gets knocked at different angles. So there’s less light reaching your eyes from that object. Or so every explanation I see here says (they’re usually geared towards someone who has an education in physics too).


Question: Why is Africa less developed than the rest of the world?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Africa less developed than the rest of the world?

Some might say climate. Colder countries needed to develop technology in order to stay warm, effective hunting methods, and food storage techniques, to counter short hunting and farming seasons. Transportation and communication technology had to be developed to facilitate trade...again due in large part to get around a lack of ready natural resources. In warmer climates, such as the African nations, clothing only needed to be minimal. Architecture design did not need to account for cold temperatures. Hunting and farming was available year round. Necessity is the mother of invention.


Question: How can there be a global water shortage if virtually all of our water is recycled naturally?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can there be a global water shortage if virtually all of our water is recycled naturally?

We are short on drinking ready water where people are, which is how this is measured. (How many people don’t have access to enough water each day)


Question: How banks and financial institutions move money between each other after you/I send it from one place to another. What exactly happens?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How banks and financial institutions move money between each other after you/I send it from one place to another. What exactly happens?

It is a multi-step process that goes something like this: * you pay your $1000 bill with a check or debit card * the vendor's bank takes all the transaction for that day and bundles them together, and sends them to a clearinghouse * the clearinghouse compiles all the transactions from all the banks to compile together * many of the transactions will cancel, resulting in a few large net bank to bank transactions * the banks make those transactions * both your bank and the vendor's bank unbundle those transactions and adjust the accounts accordingly


Question: Why does gum get stiff immediately when you drink water but not when you chew and add saliva?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does gum get stiff immediately when you drink water but not when you chew and add saliva?

The water you drink is almost always cooler than body temperature. The cold makes it hard, not the wet.


Question: In the fall in the Northeast USA, why does the sunrise rise later in the morning faster than the sunset sets earlier in the evening?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In the fall in the Northeast USA, why does the sunrise rise later in the morning faster than the sunset sets earlier in the evening?

The orbit of the earth is an ellipse, not a circle. Depending where the earth is along the ellipse, the angle between earth and sun changes at a different rate. This causes the length of a day to vary by about 50 seconds over a year. We say on average a day is 24 hours, but it could be 24 hours 30 seconds or 23 hours 59 minutes and 40 seconds. When the days are shorter (noon to noon time, not amount of sunlight) this causes solar noon to move earlier in the day. As they get longer it moves back. So as noon moves backwards, you lose less light in the evening than in the morning.


Question: How do we know how old our sun is? Let alone our earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know how old our sun is? Let alone our earth?

The oldest rocks we have ever found on Earth are zircons from Australia and Canada. These were dated by a radiometric dating method using the Uranium - Lead transition, to 4.54 +/- 0.05 billion years ago, so that's our best estimate of the age of the earth from after it cooled. Uranium decays into lead at a known rate (half life), so if magma cools and solidifies into rock that contains uranium but initially no lead, after some period of time we can analyze the ratio of the amount of lead present to the amount of uranium present to calculate how many half lives have elapsed, and thus calculate the total amount of time. This is the same process as carbon dating, except that Uranium / Lead is useful for millions or billions of years, while C12 / C14 is only useful out to a few tens of thousands of years. The age of the sun is estimated from its mass, and the behaviour of similar stars that we can see. Stellar fusion is a pretty well understood process, and stars go through several phases during their lifetime, so we can look at the energy intensity across the spectrum emitted by the star and its size, and estimate how far through its lifetime it is. Our sun is about five billion years into its primary phase, and has about another 5 billion years left, but will ultimately expand into a red giant before ending its life as a carbon / oxygen white dwarf.


Question: Why does producing more units of a product cost less than producing a small amount of it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does producing more units of a product cost less than producing a small amount of it?

It will cost less per book, not less overall, unless there's something particularly unusual at stake. Basically, there's some amount of work required to print the first book - design, layout, etc. The cost of that is split among all the books printed, since it only needs to happen once. Then each book has its own costs, paper, ink, etc. So the initial costs make up much of the price if the print run is small, but become a smaller and smaller share as it expands.


Question: Why is it that 75% of the world has lactose intolerance but it seems like everyone i know drinks milk without drawbacks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that 75% of the world has lactose intolerance but it seems like everyone i know drinks milk without drawbacks?

Also, there are ranges of lactose intolerance and maybe you can train yourself to be less so. I'm East Asian and most of us are lactose intolerant. My father grew up in a country & at a time when young people did not regularly have dairy products. He can't drink any milk without having some problems. I can tolerate up to a pint of milk I think. I never thought I was lactose intolerant until I chugged a quart of chocolate milk after a hard workout. That was a shitty night.


Question: Why does it feel hard to breathe when a large gust of wind hits your face?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it feel hard to breathe when a large gust of wind hits your face?

It seems like there are 2 theories around this: 1. The wind pressure makes it physically harder to breath, because the wind is being pushed away from your face (creating a low pressure area right in front of your nose) 2. The coldness in your nose makes your brain think that you're underwater so makes it mentally harder to breathe to protect yourself (cold shock/diving reflex)


Question: Why does coke taste better when it’s in a glass bottle instead of a plastic one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does coke taste better when it’s in a glass bottle instead of a plastic one?

Because most soda in glass bottles you find in the US is bottled in Mexico where real cane sugar is used as the main sweetener and not corn syrup.


Question: Why is it that teaching sex education that is potentially against someone's religion such a problem?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that teaching sex education that is potentially against someone's religion such a problem?

People are against sex ed because: * they don't feel that is the role of schools * they want moral (i.e., religious) lessons to be included * they feel teaching kids about sex will lead them to having sex * it often includes lessons about contraception, which they don't want * it often condones, or fails to condemn homosexuality I do not want to suggest these are good or compelling reasons, just commonly held ones.


Question: Why is it acceptable in the US that Jeff Bezos increases his wealth by tens of billions of dollars while 40+million people go unemployed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it acceptable in the US that Jeff Bezos increases his wealth by tens of billions of dollars while 40+million people go unemployed?

Because when Jeff Bezos increases his wealth he isn’t adding stacks of bills to a bank account or some giant vault he has built underground. He owns a percentage of Amazon, when Amazon’s perceived wealth goes up, then people are willing to pay more money to buy a percentage of that company (shares). No money has transferred hands when Jeff Bezos “increases his wealth” it’s just that what people think his company is worth has risen. Here’s an example: you discover a painting in your basement by a somewhat unknown artist. You like it and decide to keep it. Suddenly the artist becomes incredibly famous. Your painting is now valued at 50 million dollars. How much more money do you now have? The answer is none, you won’t have any money until you sell it. But how much should you have to pay the government for owning this 50 million dollar piece of art? The answer is none(my opinion), until you sell it. Because what if the government demands 5 million dollars from you before you sell it and then someone discovers a vault with thousands of this artists paintings and the value of your painting suddenly drops to 1 million? Well, you have 1 million dollars to your name and owe the government 5 million. Without ever spending any money or receiving any money you’ve lost 4 million dollars. The government shouldn’t collect taxes until actual money changes hands. They shouldn’t collect it when someone’s perceived wealth grows.


Question: Why has the Dow gone over 25,000 but we only have a GDP growth of 3.22%?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why has the Dow gone over 25,000 but we only have a GDP growth of 3.22%?

The Dow Jones Industrial Average is not a great indicator of the overall economy. The Dow is a hand selected group of 30 companies that are both very large and very stable. When the Dow was first created in 1896, 30 companies did give you a good overview of the market, but now there are just too many companies and too many sectors to try and say that 30 companies tell the whole story.


Question: what is the difference between REST & SOAP web services?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is the difference between REST & SOAP web services?

A SOAP web service has a very structured request and response. Data types, required fields, etc., are all defined in a WSDL that you can consume with your application to automatically build the entire request structure. All of it goes over HTTP POST methods. The entire web service has a single endpoint that covers many methods. A RESTful web service is a more open concept that uses the raw HTTP data fields in the request to pass parameters. It also uses the HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to handle things differently. The URL is also part of your parameters, as that handles part of the function routing. (i.e., URL_0 would be expected to do stuff about inventory 12345, but URL_1 would be doing stuff about Customer 12345). The URL can also contain mandatory variables, such as those key ID fields.


Question: ; How does heat help muscles in relaxing/repairing process?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 ; How does heat help muscles in relaxing/repairing process?

Increases size of veins and arteries allowing more blood flow. Blood has healing stuff in it. Ice reduces size and prevents swelling.


Question: When cleaning, when should you use ammonia? When should you use alcohol? When should you use bleach?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When cleaning, when should you use ammonia? When should you use alcohol? When should you use bleach?

Aqueous ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) is excellent at breaking up organic deposits such as grease, oils, mildew, mould, soap scum, etc... It's a staple in glass, mirror, and window cleaners. Alcohol is a powerful disinfectant and organic solvent. Although it can be used as a household cleaning solution, it's not commonly used as such. Rubbing alcohol can be used to disinfect and clean things like needles, knives, jewelry, electronic contacts, etc.. It's more aggressive at breaking up deposits than aqueous ammonia but it's also harsher and more expensive. Rubbing alcohol is also flammable and evaporates quickly. As such, it's not a very ideal surface cleaner. However, it can be used to clean areas which cannot normally be washed or rinsed, such as cleaning spilled soda out from between the keys on a keyboard, where leaving little to no residue is desirable. Rubbing alcohol is outstanding at cleaning finished metal such as stainless steel and chrome because it easily removes fingerprints and oily deposits. It's also great at removing marker and crayon from painted walls and restoring whiteboards. Chlorine bleach is an extremely powerful and extremely cheap disinfectant. It's not a cleaner; it's used to kill virtually everything microbial in nature.


Question: Once a cyst or abcess is removed from the body, if left alone do they continue to grow?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Once a cyst or abcess is removed from the body, if left alone do they continue to grow?

If put in the appropriate solution. Otherwise no, it doesn't have the access to energy necessary for the cells to do anything, the cells making it up will die.


Question: What is a marginal tax rate and how does it work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a marginal tax rate and how does it work?

Marginal means it applies to the last dollar earned. A marginal tax rate applies to the last dollars earned, not every dollar earned. Everybody pays the same on the same dollar of income, no matter the total. Whether you make $50k or $500k, you pay the same tax on the first $50k of income. Later dollars earned are taxed at higher rates.