Question: What actually is turbulence and how can you get pockets of it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What actually is turbulence and how can you get pockets of it?

Turbulence would be anything that causes the air to be less calm than the air around it. This can be caused by two air masses meeting and mixing, wind blowing against a mountain and being redirected, another airplane's wake, storms, or really anything that causes the air to mix around. As for how some is worse, different things just move the air more violently. An airplane's wake is going to be fairly turbulent, but easily avoidable. Storms will cause bad turbulence, but again are at least easy to plan ahead for. The worst kind is clear air turbulence. This is any kind of turbulence that happens in perfect visibility conditions. This means you can't see it on weather radar, because there are no particles of water or dust to see. And so there's little to no warning. The airplane itself will be fine in nearly any turbulence you meet, but every once in a while a passenger or two will be injured if they don't have their seatbelt on. But it's not something to worry about. You'll see turbulence on a lot of flights, but incidents where passengers are hurt are very rare.


Question: Why does chicken taste completely different after it's been in the fridge?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does chicken taste completely different after it's been in the fridge?

It dries out, the fridge is a very dry environment. The drying out changes the texture but also the flavour.


Question: How does stop loss insurance work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does stop loss insurance work?

It's literally to stop the loss of money in the case of a catastrophe. Most insurance has a maximum payout and a deductible. Stop loss insurance has a very high deductible but no (or a very very high) limit to the payout. It's often used to help smaller entities self-insure and maintain coverage in the event of a major claim that could bankrupt that smaller entity.


Question: Why do western CEO's not cut their salaries during bad times like most Japanese CEO's and what are the implications of doing so?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do western CEO's not cut their salaries during bad times like most Japanese CEO's and what are the implications of doing so?

For many of them it's because they don't make their money via their salary, instead it's via bonus, their salary represents their minimum pay. [Larry Page, Sergey Brin, Larry Ellison and Mark Zuckerberg all make $1]( URL_0 ), Elon Musk makes miniumn wage at Tesla but refuses it. Obviously they are paid well, but with a $1 salary they will typically get a bonus based on the performance of the company. Elon Musk has a contract that says he gets a $1.4bn bonus when the company [meets 10 goals they set]( URL_1 ). Obviously this is a small example, but the point is most CEOs have a relativity low salary for various reasons, including taxes. They then take their pay as stock or bonuses contingent on performance, if they screw up it automatically cuts their pay.


Question: If perpetual motion machines don't exist, what is powering the earth's natural systems? (Plate tectonics, water cycle, orbit)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If perpetual motion machines don't exist, what is powering the earth's natural systems? (Plate tectonics, water cycle, orbit)

Perpetual motion machines do not exist because energy has to come from somewhere. However earth's natural systems are not considered perpetual motion because the energy always comes from somewhere. Plate Tectonics are powered by the energy of Earth's molten core which moves to Earth's surface by way of cracks between the tectonic plates. You see evidence of this in the volcanoes in islands in the oceans. Hawaii and other islands were created by such lava flows that caused the island to grow bigger and bigger. The water cycle is powered by the radiant energy from the Sun that causes water to evaporate and rise into the air as steam. When it goes high enough, it cools and become clouds and then condenses around particulates in the air and fall to the ground as rain. the rain either re-evaporates into the air, or it sinks into the ground until it meets underground rivers and makes its way to the oceans and lakes where it evaporates there. A wholly remarkable system, that. edited to add: The Water Cycle will not stop until it stops receiving radiant energy from our Sun. This won't happen for billions of years when the Sun runs out of hydrogen fuel and becomes a Red Giant which will cause it to expand massively and engulf the Earth. The Earth's plate tectonics won't stop as long as Earth's molten core remains liquid which won't happen unless Earth is broken free of the Sun's gravitational grip. What this means is that when the Sun runs out of hydrogen fuel and becomes a Red Giant, Earth's molten core will *still* be liquid. It will simply be vaporized when the Red Giant engulfs earth.


Question: How the hell did so many natives die from unfamiliar eastern viruses, but conquistadors didn’t all die from unfamiliar western ones?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How the hell did so many natives die from unfamiliar eastern viruses, but conquistadors didn’t all die from unfamiliar western ones?

Europe was MUCH more crowded and had much more of a transportation network set up. So there was massive amounts of commerce going into and out of every European port. Sailors carried all the diseases and therefore everyone pretty much had the same immunity all over Europe. In North America the Indians were kinda loners and didn't have much interaction outside of their tribes, so there wasn't that much opportunity to build up resistance to diseases. And syphilis was one disease that traveled from the New World to the Old World.


Question: Why does minus minus = plus? e.g 14 - (- 5)= 19

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does minus minus = plus? e.g 14 - (- 5)= 19

To subtract a negative amount means to add a positive amount. Think about the number line. If you try to go down by a negative amount, you are going up. If you go down by zero, nothing happens. If you go down by 5, you go down. But if you go down by -5, you're moving up 5.


Question: Why does food from chain restaurants contain so much sodium?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does food from chain restaurants contain so much sodium?

Partially for flavor, partially because it’s an excellent preservative. You’ll find that, even in grocery store products, food that can be stored for extended periods of time (ie. Pre-made frozen foods, canned soup, etc.) have a very high level of sodium. As far as most chain restaurants go, like said before it *is* used for flavor, but a lot of the food is also frozen or pre-made and just heated up, so it needs to have a good amount of preservative in it to keep it from going bad.


Question: What's the difference between normal gas and diesel?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between normal gas and diesel?

Ahoy, matey! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [What's the difference between diesel, premium gas & regular gas? ]( URL_1 ) ^(_2 comments_) 1. [Whats the difference between diesel and unleaded gas/petrol? ]( URL_5 ) ^(_4 comments_) 1. [ELI5: The difference between gas and diesel, and why certain cars use one and not the other ]( URL_3 ) ^(_91 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What is the difference between petrol and diesel? ]( URL_7 ) ^(_13 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What's the difference between a petrol and diesel engine? How do they work and why does putting petrol in a diesel car ruin the engine and visa versa? ]( URL_2 ) ^(_6 comments_) 1. [ELI5: what/why is the difference between gas engine and diesel? pros and cons for both ]( URL_6 ) ^(_10 comments_) 1. [Please ELI5 what's the difference between diesel and regular unleaded gasoline? ]( URL_0 ) ^(_4 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What's the difference between the different varieties of gasoline, why do they exist, and who even buys anything other than regular and diesel? ]( URL_4 ) ^(_13 comments_)


Question: What is the force that causes you to think of someone moments before they call or text you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the force that causes you to think of someone moments before they call or text you?

Coincidence, confirmation bias and faulty memory. There are no special forces. Rather, sometimes when you happen to think of someone they will contact you soon after. More frequently when you happen to think of someone, they won't contact you at all. Human memories are fairly flawed. Some of us might think we are masters of remembering stuff, but really, we aren't. Maybe rough lines, but details? Nope. And our memories are quite easy to influence as well, both by others and by ourselves. All of this leads to the situation where you are more likely to remember those times you were thinking of someone and they just happened to call you. That makes you believe someone is always calling you as you think of them (because you don't remember the more frequent times when they don't) and you confirm your bias with your flawed recollection. Just grab a notepad and start marking down every time someone crosses your mind, even for a moment. Write down when these people call you. Do this for a week, and you'll quickly see that you think of people far more often than they call you, and them calling you is not related to you thinking about them.


Question: Unlike us repelling our hands, (or any other body part) away from an unbearably hot surface, why do most of us try to quickly swallow away an edible when we realize that it is hotter than we anticipated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Unlike us repelling our hands, (or any other body part) away from an unbearably hot surface, why do most of us try to quickly swallow away an edible when we realize that it is hotter than we anticipated?

Would you still eat i.e. a meatball that you violently spit on your plate cause its too hot while people around you are watching? That would be my guess


Question: Why in a parallel circuit when you add a resistor the total resistance decreases ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why in a parallel circuit when you add a resistor the total resistance decreases ?

You have a bunch of people in a house who want to leave. There's only one door open so it takes a while because one person can leave at a time. Now you open another door. It goes faster because now two people can leave at a time. By adding a resistor in parallel, you're creating more paths for electrons to take allowing then to flow more easily, which is shown by a lower equivalent resistance.


Question: why does uh and um come so naturally when speaking?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does uh and um come so naturally when speaking?

1st question: I think it's just a thing that is learned when we're babies, really. If someone can't think of a word, or they need a moment to think of what they want to say, then they'll say "uh" and "um" and a baby will pick that up the same way they would any other word of a language. 2nd question: It is common! I know for sure that in French they use something like "uh" and "eu" and in Japanese they'd say えっと (etto) and あの (ano) to convey the same meaning of a pause to think.


Question: When filling a bottle, why does the tone of the liquid being added changed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When filling a bottle, why does the tone of the liquid being added changed?

The noise of a bottle filling is a type of white noise, which just means many different frequencies mixed together. Lower sounds have longer wavelengths, so the lowest part of the white noise will be determined by the distance from the surface of the water to the top of the container. As that distance shrinks, the lower parts of the white noise get filtered out, leaving only the higher frequencies. This is also what a high-pass filter does in electronic music.


Question: Psychologically, how does lying reduce critical thinking among humans (i.e. authorities spreading lies to its citizens)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Psychologically, how does lying reduce critical thinking among humans (i.e. authorities spreading lies to its citizens)?

Lies themselves don't reduce critical thinking. Lies actually probably encourage critical thinking! However, critical thinking is a skill that must be taught, and authorities that placate their subjects with lies often also tend to strictly regulate systems of education so that the key skills of critical thinking are never acquired. Incidentally this is why questioning authorities is so often seen as subversive and even criminal in such societies: questioning is a fundamental aspect of critical literacy. The message is that good citizens don't ask questions, and when that ideology is deeply rooted enough, it works.


Question: Why do beer bottles fizz out of the bottle when someone smacks the top with another beer ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do beer bottles fizz out of the bottle when someone smacks the top with another beer ?

All beer contains a certain amount of fizziness. If you pour the beer out of the bottle this fizziness is released as bubbles of gas that create the foam that forms on top of the beer. If you leave the beer in the bottle it still contains all that fizzy potential (it'll feel a lot fizzier on your tongue than if you've poured it into a glass). When you give that bottle a swift hard hit on top it will rapidly agitate that fizzy gas in the beer and that gas will escape quickly in the only place it can, the hole at the top. This is what causes the beer to overflow out of the bottle quickly.


Question: What is the difference between psuedorandom and random number generation? Why exactly is it harder for a computer to select true random numbers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between psuedorandom and random number generation? Why exactly is it harder for a computer to select true random numbers?

true random number generator doesn't exist. Computers work off equations meaning that any input you give it is going to return a predictable output. Current RNGs work by either having a really complex equation thats output effects the next input. This make the determining the output almost impossible for humans.


Question: how are major food/drink companies allowed to keep recipes secret? Isn’t that a problem due to disclosure laws and the possibility of allergies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how are major food/drink companies allowed to keep recipes secret? Isn’t that a problem due to disclosure laws and the possibility of allergies?

You can find a full ingredient list for any fast food chain online. Many will have the info in a pamphlet in person. The ingredients list on nutrition facts in the US lists things from largest quantity to smallest quantity, but it won't tell you that theres a tablespoon of paprika in a whole pack of hotdogs or anything that specific. Plus, many ingredients can fall under "natural flavors" or "spices". And that's perfectly legal


Question: Why won’t we just start colonizing the moon? Is it because we don’t have good enough tech or cause it’s pointless?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why won’t we just start colonizing the moon? Is it because we don’t have good enough tech or cause it’s pointless?

There's the whole lack of an atmosphere thing. This means you'd have to live, work, play, etc inside of buildings. The entire liveable environment would be inside. Water, air, etc would need to be transported there. Any damage to the structure, say from a meteorite, would be potentially fatal to everyone in that structure. Now let's look at the ISS. That thing is barely in space and so far it's cost over $US150b. And it's tiny. Not exactly the size of something that you'd need on the Moon to support a colony. And then there's getting the people there. So far the biggest spacecraft ever built to get people to the Moon could ship over 2 at a time. Granted, that was about 50 years ago so maybe they could build one that could ship over like 4 now?


Question: conspiring against the USA? Isn't that treason? Please be nice, I'm not American.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 conspiring against the USA? Isn't that treason? Please be nice, I'm not American.

Our Constitution is very particular about what "treason" means, because before the American Revolution, the British government used it to execute people for small stuff like trash-talking the king. In modern language, as it's been interpreted by our Supreme Court, you can only be guilty of treason if you're actually making war against the US, or actively working for a country we're at war with. In the case of Paul Manafort, he was conspiring to work against the US's interests, but not with a country we were at war with, so he can't be guilty of treason. The rules are so strict that even the most famous spies and saboteurs in our history have usually been convicted only of lesser crimes like espionage or sedition.


Question: Why do we forget about all the surroundings when watching a screen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we forget about all the surroundings when watching a screen?

The surroundings are usually dark when watching a movie or similar, which limits what you can see. There's also usually not much happening in the background for you to focus on, especially compared to what you are watching/playing.


Question: Why do hangnails hurt so badly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do hangnails hurt so badly?

There are a lot of nerve endings in the skin on your hands, so it’s likely you’ll be damaging them big time when you get a small tear in the delicate skin around your fingernail. Hopefully that’s long enough not to get binned off by the automated bot.


Question: What is an annuity and how is it different from an IRA?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is an annuity and how is it different from an IRA?

They're totally different things. It's like asking what's the difference between a bulldozer and a windmill. An IRA is a special kind of account you can have with a bank or brokerage, where you don't pay taxes (way oversimplified) on the interest or profit, but you're not allowed to take any money out (exceptions apply) until you retire. Like, you have an IRA with Vanguard, and every year for twenty years you deposit $5,000. You use that money to buy and sell stocks, with all the proceeds from sales staying in the account. At the end of the twenty years, you've deposited $1M, but the account is worth $2M. Then, depending on what kind of IRA you had, you can either take money out without paying taxes at all, or having delayed paying taxes until your retirement (this is a better deal than it sounds like, okay?). tl;dr: an IRA is a kind of tax shelter that you're allowed to use, as long as you commit to using it to save for retirement. An annuity is a contract with an insurance company. You're about to retire, and you want to make sure you have an income for the rest of your life. You have $3M saved up (or, you could sell your various investments for $3M), and you could live anywhere from five to thirty more years. How much money can you take out of your savings and spend, each year, and still be sure you won't run out until you die? What if the stock market tanks? What if you live to be 115? The insurance company is willing to handle all that for you. In exchange for the $3M upfront, they'll promise to pay you $15k a month for the rest of your life. They'll take away all the risk, in exchange for you getting less money than you would (probably, but you never know) have been able to earn, managing your investments yourself.


Question: How does light pollution work anyways? Like, what causes it and what are its effects?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does light pollution work anyways? Like, what causes it and what are its effects?

Light pollution is the name for the phenomena of a light that is closer to you drowning out lights that are farther away, making it so that you cannot see said lights. The easiest example of this is how the lights in cities at night drown out the stars in the sky making it so that you cannot see them, and often giving the sky a purplish hue instead of the standard night time black.


Question: Why do you sometimes feel weird vibrations when you hit your elbow on something?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you sometimes feel weird vibrations when you hit your elbow on something?

You are talking about your "funny bone" which is not actually a bone at all, but the ulnar nerve which can be "exposed" when the elbow is at the right angle when struck. If you do that, you get what you describe.


Question: What exactly is happening when an LCD TV breaks and those black lines appear?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is happening when an LCD TV breaks and those black lines appear?

An LCD works because of a few layers. There are more than I will mention and multiple types but I'll keep it basic to explain what is happening to your screen. Light shines from the back and goes through a polarizing filter. Then through a liquid crystal layer. Which lets the light pass or doesn't (it works along with the polarizing filters. That's a bit complex for here) If your screen is color it next goes through a color filter that is red green or blue based on what color that sub pixel is (each pixel has a red green and blue sub pixel that is turned on and off to make that pixel color). The light then goes through another polarizing filter and comes out as a picture on the screen. The pixels are addressed in a grid like battleship, so the physical damage can take out columns or rows leaving the streaks you see. Depending on the type of screen and exactly how it is damaged it can permanently turn on a whole row of red pixels or any color making a colored streak.


Question: What Is A Leveraged ETF And What Makes It More Risky?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What Is A Leveraged ETF And What Makes It More Risky?

Through various means, they’re not investing in stocks directly but rather option spreads and other instruments that “leverage” the investment to return 2x or 3x the market return. If the market goes up, that’s fantastic. If it goes down, you get obliterated. If it goes sideways, you get eaten up by the cost of leveraging - options aren’t free. Since there’s a risk of absolute devastation when the market tanks and a slow-burn in flat markets, they’re considered extremely risky investments.


Question: What is meant by absolute motion, and why is it not possible?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is meant by absolute motion, and why is it not possible?

Say there are two objects, A and B, floating in space, moving away from each other. How do you know which is moving. It's in the middle of space, there are no other reference points. Is A stationary and B moving away from it? Or is it A that's moving? Or are they both moving? The answer is all of these. There is no difference. There is no such thing as "stationary" or "moving" except when comparing to something else. So it's not just that absolute motion is not possible, it's that it doesn't make sense. All motion is relative.


Question: How do vaccines work when someone is on immunosuppressant drugs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do vaccines work when someone is on immunosuppressant drugs?

It really depends on the type of immune-suppressors and vaccine. Some suppressors work on more superficial immune responses, like anti-granular substances (think hayfever medicine). Others mess up the fundamental immune response by interacting with the various components necessary to identify pathogens. The immune system interacts with vaccines just like it would with any other foreign particle. In the case of vaccines however we make sure beforehand that these particles do not contain the pieces of a virus that can actively infect you. When you are on severe immuno-suppressants the immune response happens far less effectively, as such reducing or even preventing immunity normally obtained through vaccines.


Question: Why are car prices negotiable and other purchases like a TV or computer not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are car prices negotiable and other purchases like a TV or computer not?

A lot of this has to do with pricing policies. There are variations to these depending on the manufacturer, but at the core of pricing you have 3 ways to go: Competitive pricing, MAP pricing, and MSP/UMRP pricing. Competitive means there is no defined minimum price a retailer has to abide to in order to sell a product. The only thing the retailer has to ultimately worry about is their margins and their competition's pricing. MAP means Minimum Advertised Price. Different companies have their own rules for this, but it basically means a retailer can't advertise for a price lower than what the manufacturer dictates. The retailer can, however, sell the item at a lower price, so long as it is not made public. MSP/UMRP means Minimum Sale Price or Universal Minimum Retail Price. This means that the retailer not only can't advertise lower than what the manufacturer dictates, but they also can't sell lower than that price. Automotive manufacturers are usually either using Competitive or MAP pricing. Pair that with many car salesman working on commission, and you have a high chance of being able to negotiate price. The salesman wants the commission, and they have the price structure that allows them to reduce the price for you. For standard retail stores, all of the products they sell could have any of those 3 pricing structures, so they technically could sell at least some of it for lower than the sale price. They don't have incentive to do it, though. Their employees more than likely aren't being paid by commission, margins may be too tight to budge, and chances are they have more than enough customers willing to purchase at the sale price that the few who aren't really don't matter.


Question: How do forms of alternative computing such as DNA and molecular computers work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do forms of alternative computing such as DNA and molecular computers work?

All computers are something called a Turing Machine. You can look up the specific definition here - URL_0 But a tl;dr of it is, every computer consists of 3 things: 1. Something to store data 2. Something to manipulate the stored data 3. Set of rules that work with that data The third one is just a set of logical rules. For example, if you are presented with two things, lets say a blob of blue paint and a blob of yellow paint. The rule may say, combine them and drop a blob of green paint somewhere. This is in essence what a binary computer does, present it with a 1 and a 0, output 10 somewhere. In a typical binary computer, #1 is something like your RAM or your hard drive. #2 is your CPU. #3 is in the arrangement of transistors in your CPU. For a DNA computer, #1 is the DNA, #2 is in the arrangement of the DNA sequence, #3 use DNA and proteins to stitch patterns together. It should be noted that DNA computers are painfully slow (days to do something a normal computer would spend seconds on) and error prone, it's still a field in its infancy. We also haven't developed a general purpose computer using DNA yet (Called a Universal Turing Machine). Your alarm clock is a Turing Machine, but it can't do stuff that your PC and phone can. Your PC and phone are Universal Turing Machines because they can do anything any other Turing Machine can do, such as act as an alarm clock.


Question: Why does Minecraft and Minecraft only give me motion sickness while I do just fine with more motion intensive games like Rainbow Six and Fortnite?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does Minecraft and Minecraft only give me motion sickness while I do just fine with more motion intensive games like Rainbow Six and Fortnite?

As someone else said, the field of view can make a huge difference. My son likes to play at an extreme FOV and it makes me sick watching him play. On the flip side I've never had any issues with any other games, including old VR systems (from 30 years ago).


Question: Do governments have bank accounts? If not, where do our taxes go when paid?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do governments have bank accounts? If not, where do our taxes go when paid?

Governments have many bank accounts, normally at their private banks. The bank taxes are paid to is often called the "Treasury". A Treasury functions otherwise like a bank: it sends and deposits checks, transfers money, runs payrolls, and even sells debt. Other banks can include a central bank (the bank of other banks for determining the money supply and maintaining private bank stability) and trade banks (financing for business dealings).


Question: Why do your eyelids close when you angle your eyes down but open when you angle them up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do your eyelids close when you angle your eyes down but open when you angle them up?

Eyelids main purpose is to protect the eyes. Because of this, they typically rest at the upper edge of someone’s iris- leaving only as much of the eye uncovered as necessary.


Question: Why does 2 identical sounds heard at the same time sounds louder ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does 2 identical sounds heard at the same time sounds louder ?

Sound is an oscillating pressure wave propagating through a medium, such as air. If you have two identical sounds hitting your ears at the same time, you have twice the energy being transferred to your eardrums.


Question: in videogames, why is the animation of simple things so damn difficult( kissing, drinking water, playing an instrument, etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 in videogames, why is the animation of simple things so damn difficult( kissing, drinking water, playing an instrument, etc?

One of the difficulties with some of those things is that human bodies are soft and squishy. Models in games are made up of lots of triangles. To make part of the model deform means moving and stretching those triangles. You need a lot of triangles to make it look convincing. This is why there tends to be a lot more triangles in a character's face than the rest of their body. Faces deform in lots of complicated ways when someone is speaking, so you need a lot of detail to recreate that. In real life when someone presses something against a part of their body, such as another persons lips, it squishes a bit. Recreating those "squishes" means you need even more triangles. And more triangles means more processing power is needed. Also you'd probably need some kind of soft body physics simulation to work out exactly how those triangles need to move when something presses on them. However that doesn't necessarily need to be done by the game itself for things like cutscenes. This is far too expensive for most games, both in terms of processing power and amount of work/money needed to do it. So most games don't, and just settle for an awkward "wooden" look when characters interact with things.


Question: Pollen gives most people “allergies”. But what about pollen are people allergic to? The powdery nature of it? Or is there something in it that causes the allergies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Pollen gives most people “allergies”. But what about pollen are people allergic to? The powdery nature of it? Or is there something in it that causes the allergies?

The DNA in the pollen is seen as "foriegn" by the body's defense systems. It's not the particle size, it's the material.


Question: How do you get green eyes? I understand dominate and recessive genes. But my teacher never went into green eye traits, only brown and blue.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you get green eyes? I understand dominate and recessive genes. But my teacher never went into green eye traits, only brown and blue.

I just learned about this on my own so I've been dying to teach others about this. So, first things first we must establish a basic truth. There is no real eye color. It's a very ironic optical illusion. When people say their eyes look different in sunlight or other lighting conditions, they're not fibbing-- they really might. Now with that in mind, there are only really two color pigments in our eyes, melanin (Brown) and lipochrome (yellow). So where does blue come from? That's the optical illusion. The iris has 2 layers, an outer and an inner. Melanin is the more important of the two Pigments, and thus it's distribution across those layers is what creates the optical illusions that we see as eye color. For blue eyes, there is a decent amount of melanin on the inner layer but relatively little on the outer layer. This lack of a solid double layer makes blue eyes more susceptible to UV radiation. For Brown eyes, there is a lot of melanin on both the outer and inner layers. Now for the moment you've been waiting for: Green eyes are a result of having more lipochrome than normal distributed to the layers. To be quite honest, I don't know if the lipochrome has to be on both layers or only one, but the ratio of melanin compared to lipochrome is what causes the variations in green from hazel eyes to like aqua colored eyes. Side facts-- for Amber eyes, like wolves have or some very rare people, there is far more lipochrome present than normal or even in green eyes. For pink eyes, the person is albino and lacks pigment in general so there is no real melanin layer at all so iris is transparent and you are literally seeing the albinos blood vessels and retina, and they are very, very susceptible to UV damage. Birds have extra pigments to give them those vibrant colors. Now for the genetics, as the others have stated, it's very complicated. It's regulated by at least 8 different genes and I've actually heard 20 from some sources. Now these genes affect different aspects, such as the color itself (by regulating where the melanin deposits are), others the darkness of the color (by regulating how much melanin gets deposited), how much lipochrome gets deposited, and so much more. Even your liver genes affect your eye color: a bad liver will cause jaundice (turns the whites of your eyes yellow) because it can't filter out the lipochrome from the blood, and occasionally cause the iris itself to turn yellow. I know it's long but please read it all (okay maybe not the side facts). But if you choose not to do so TL;DR: A buildup of melanin (Brown pigment) and lipochrome (yellow) makes green eyes.


Question: why and how does ferrofluid create spikes when attracted to a magnet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why and how does ferrofluid create spikes when attracted to a magnet?

When placed in the magnetic field, the tiny iron particles in the ferrofluid become magnetized themselves, in the same direction as the external field. This actually causes the field strength to increase around each particle, and therefore makes all of the particles slightly attracted to each other. This creates an instability where the areas with more particles become more strongly magnetized, attracting more particles, becoming more strongly magnetized and so on. This goes on until you either max out the field strength the iron can produce, or deplete the surrounding area of iron particles. Either way, this creates alternating areas of low and high iron density, which we see as spikes.


Question: What is a bone marrow transplant?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a bone marrow transplant?

Not quite. Before the recipient gets the new marrow, their defective marrow is destroyed using radiation or chemotherapy. It used to be that some of the donor's bone marrow is extracted from the pelvis using a large needle, but now the more common method is something a called peripheral stem cell transplant, which is less invasive than extracting marrow from the pelvis with a needle. In a peripheral stem cell transplant, the donor is hooked up to a machine using a simple IV. The machine filters the donors blood and removes hematopoetic stem cells (stem cells that will produce all types of blood) while returning everything else back to the donor. Then these stem cells are injected into their bloodstream of the recipient. From there, the cells will circulate and make their way to the recipients bone marrow where they will proliferate and being producing normal blood cells for the recipient.


Question: How is the immortal jellyfish immortal, and why is it not a major point of research?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the immortal jellyfish immortal, and why is it not a major point of research?

I’m gonna use an vague analogy but hopefully this makes sense: imagine a caterpillar that grows into a cocoon which births a butterfly, now when the butterfly is at the end of its life cycle, it sheds all the parts that make it a butterfly and become a caterpillar again repeating the cycle.


Question: What is the benefit of restarting a phone or computer on a regular basis?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the benefit of restarting a phone or computer on a regular basis?

Adding to this if allowed; does it make a difference whether you restart a phone or turn it off and then on again


Question: What actually happens to our memories when we have Alzheimer's? Do they fully disappear, are they still there but we can't remember them? And how much does a person actually forget?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What actually happens to our memories when we have Alzheimer's? Do they fully disappear, are they still there but we can't remember them? And how much does a person actually forget?

Memories are a little more complicated than what we imagine, they're not simply like a folder on a pc that can get corrupted, but rather a Mish mash of many different things. For instance, the sights of a certain memory might be "stored" in a different place to the sounds, to oversimplify it. So for a person with Alzheimer's, the part of their memory that links a name to a person's face may die, so they forget their name, but a familiar smell like that person's perfume might allow them to access that lost memory of their name even if they no longer remember their face. Or any combination. Sometimes a memory will be gone entirely. Other times, it might simply be one of the "pathways" to retrieving that memory, like a sight clue, a sound clue, a smell clue and such.


Question: Why is a 3 x 3 Picture Rubiks cube more difficult than a standard 3 x 3 Rubiks cube?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is a 3 x 3 Picture Rubiks cube more difficult than a standard 3 x 3 Rubiks cube?

Two things: 1. The center square has to be oriented correctly in a picture cube and if you've only ever learned on a normal cube, figuring out how to change the orientation of the center square is an added challenge. 2. Depending on the pictures it may not be immediately clear in a mixed-up cube where each square belongs.


Question: Will we ever be able to prevent natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, etc.?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Will we ever be able to prevent natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, etc.?

We can prevent some of the damage from the event, mostly by expanding communications so that a Tsunami Warning, for example, can be forwarded to the countries in its path. It is only this last decade which has seen Tsunami Warning systems begin operating in the entire Pacific Basin. These kinds of multi-national efforts take time. The USA and other nations have been working for decades to try to understand and predict other natural disasters like earthquakes and Volcano's, and we (the world) are better for their collective efforts. At this point the idea of regulating a volcano or deliberately releasing pressure to alleviate an explosion is still hypothetical and such a process would be a major effort for any country to attempt. Soon, Maybe!


Question: How does a wax cylinder phonograph produce sound?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a wax cylinder phonograph produce sound?

It super cool. What's neat is that it works the same way a vinyl record does (and to some degree the way older CDs used to). But it's more impressive because it's bigger and more obvious how crazy it is that these work at all. When a wax cylinder phonograph is recorded, what they do is use sound waves to make impressions on the soft wax. Sound is caused by high frequency vibrations of air molecules. A rapid increase and decrease air pressure sends a wave of pressure through the air. What can air pressure do? Ever open a Snapple and hear that "pop" of the lid? That metal button was held shut by air pressure and when it equalized, it made a noise and was forceful enough to snap that lid. Press it with your hands to see just how much force that is. Our eardrums do this too. They vibrate back and forth like a more sensitive Snapple lid and all the information we get from sound comes from that vibrating. Recording a phonograph reverses this. A large cone concentrates sound pressure waves down to a point. At the tip of this cone is a membrane (like the Snapple lid) that vibrates as the pressure waves increase and decrease the pressure. Attached to that vibrating membrane is a needle point. Picture a can of cranberry sauce. Pour out the cylinder of cranberry inside. A wax phonograph look like this. It's a cylinder of wax. Warm up that wax to make it soft but still solid. Now press the phonograph needle to the wax and start the wax cylinder rotating like it is on a pottery wheel. The needle will leave a neat little groove in the cylinder and the depth of that groove will depend on the sound pressure behind the needle membrane at the time of the recording. As the recording continues, all the variations in sound pressure are captured. Now stop the recording and play it back. Cool the wax to room temperature and it will harden. Hard like a candle. It’s now hard enough that dragging the needle over it will vibrate the membrane. Amplify this little vibration and you’ll get a speaker making sounds that were recorded. Microphones are speakers in reverse. And modern ones do exactly the same thing but use magnetic fields produced by magnets moving through coils instead of a needle making marks on wax.


Question: How does money laundering work ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does money laundering work ?

Step 1. Have dirty money Step 2. Find a cash business Step 3. Create fake revenue and sales Step 4. Create fake expenses equal to fake revenue Step 5. Pay taxes on dirty money That's the basic process.


Question: Why are complicated passwords better than long passwords?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are complicated passwords better than long passwords?

They aren't. A password 10-20 characters long with special characters and capitalization takes less time to "hack" than a simple 50 character long phrase. & #x200B; Edit: to add a bit more, the reason for this being is a computer "guessing" your password all day long will be not only be guessing common passwords and variations of, such as "!QAZ2wsx#EDC4rfv" (which is just a pattern on my keyboard), but the amount of guesses a computer would have to make to guess something 50 characters long is exponentially higher than 10-20.


Question: - What’s the point of petitions? Often time they are overlooked anyways. What does it actually do just because these xyz amount of people signed it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - What’s the point of petitions? Often time they are overlooked anyways. What does it actually do just because these xyz amount of people signed it?

For the most part, it’s a concrete demonstration of public support for a position and a solid hint that the recipient should give the matter at least some thought. It may go further, depending on the systems in place. The British Government has its own petition site and any petition getting 100,000 British citizens to support it on the site must receive a response from the government, even if it’s just a politely worded “no and sod off”.


Question: Why does warm air rise?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does warm air rise?

Density. Warm air has more energy in each particle which means it expands in volume. Equal mass but a higher volume means lower density. Hence,, they rise. Similarly, cold air has less energy per particle and tend to stick closer to each another. Equal mass with lower volume means high density.


Question: If we can make synthetic motor oil, can we make synthetic gasoline?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If we can make synthetic motor oil, can we make synthetic gasoline?

To some extent, you've been lied to. "Synthetic" oil is still largely made from the same crude oil that "normal" motor oil is made from. The difference is that it is more highly refined. Crude oil contains dozens of different hydrocarbons and impurities. With motor oil, you generally want to remove the impurities and use just a specific subset of hydrocarbons present in crude oil. With synthetic oils, they can take some of the lighter hydrocarbons from other petroleum sources, like natural gas, or byproducts from the refinement of other petroleum products, and use chemical processes to create the exact hydrocarbons they want in the finished motor oil product. Gasoline can be refined the same way, but there's not a lot of economic benefit to it.


Question: How people become poor/homeless in such rich countries like USA?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How people become poor/homeless in such rich countries like USA?

Imagine a society with 100 adults (of similar ability), and 96 jobs. Right at the start, 4 people will be unemployed. Imagine of those 96 jobs, there are three sectors of sizes 60, 20, 16. The 60-sector jobs are simple; anyone can do them. The 16-sector jobs are complex and take a lot of training. The wages for those 60 jobs will be lower than the wages for those 16 jobs. And the way the US economy is structured, there's no guarantee that those low-paying jobs will pay enough to keep you healthy. The people who make important decisions about how society works and the economy works, by the way, is the richest 1 person in the system. Surprise, they enrich themselves mostly. On top of all of this is a lot of complex things like our history of slavery and racism, and the differential development of certain states. Poverty is really bad in the south, for example. homelessness is a big problem in California because of our mismanaged housing market. And finally, poorer communities tend to be more communal across the world. So while a community may be collectively poor somewhere, they live and work together and take turns taking care of each other when sick or if one member is disabled or psychologically ill. Meanwhile, US culture is very individualistic and based around a nuclear family. If you don't have children, parents or siblings who will help you, you can be in a really bad situation. There are some studies showing that people with schizophrenia, for example, do better in poorer but communal villages because they're not abandoned like sadly happens a lot in the US. Edit to add valuable info: in the US, your future income is more determined by the income of your parents than in Europe (similarly western and rich countries). There are clearly structural problems in the US that some commentators don't like to acknowledge. There's a reason we're the richest country on Earth and yet get beaten on almost every measure of human well-being (e.g., health, life satisfaction, life expectancy, etc).


Question: Why do horses need shoes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do horses need shoes?

Horses don't *need* shoes, per se, but we give them shoes because we ask them to walk and run and jump on surfaces that they either wouldn't normally or wouldn't foe as long as we want them to. It's like... Do people need shoes? Not really, but walking on hot tarmac while barefoot is difficult. So, if they're constantly on sandy surfaces, like a beach or racetrack, we give them a shoe that makes those surfaces easier to grip. If they're on paved roads or cement, we give them a shoe that helps with the impact and wear and tear. If they'll be on snow and ice, we might give them a shoe that helps with traction. But a wild horse is kind of like a wild rabbit or a wild dog - their daily lives keeps their hooves, teeth, and claws respectively fairly well filed and maintained. Sometimes things can go haywire - hooves might become overgrown or split - but generally the amount of walking and running they do across the variety of natural surfaces they encounter is enough to keep them in good shape.


Question: Do we have the exact same circulatory system inside or every human was its own variations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do we have the exact same circulatory system inside or every human was its own variations?

Setting aside small differences in position, Even the major Veins and arteries come with variations. The veins in your elbow where they draw blood fine in a couple different patterns. Most people have ay pattern to the veins there, though others have an h pattern. There are cases where the circulatory system is a mirror image for instance.


Question: How exactly does someone die from drinking too much water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly does someone die from drinking too much water?

Too much water causes sodium to leave the cells and enter the blood. This gradual dilution isn't a problem except the sodium is lost in small amounts as you urinate. Eventually enough sodium is lost to where muscle cells cannot function and your heart does not reliably generate an electrical impulse to beat. There are also problems with the brain that would lead to death, but the heart is the easiest to explain.


Question: Why do we feel strong emotions in our chest?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we feel strong emotions in our chest?

Hypothalamus in brain is strongly affected by emotions! And in return hypothalamus can affect a vast number of structures in the body! So when you feel strong emotions, the neuronal discharge from hypothalamus alters your breathing, your blood pressure, the tone in the blood vessels, vomiting centre etc.


Question: How do animals pass on diseases to humans without being sick themselves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do animals pass on diseases to humans without being sick themselves?

They themselves build up an immunity since they are exposed to it much more often than we are. The same situation occured when Europeans explorers unknowingly gave diseases to the natives in North and South America. The Europeans had built up an immunity to the diseases but since the natives had never been exposed they cotracted the disease.


Question: Why is the road more slippery when it first starts to rain versus when it’s been raining for a while or pouring?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the road more slippery when it first starts to rain versus when it’s been raining for a while or pouring?

Oil sitting on top of the road causes that. Once it rains for a while the oil washes away and it becomes much safer to drive on.