Question: Why do we not taste the sodium in sugar free soft drinks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we not taste the sodium in sugar free soft drinks?

You do. If you took it out it would taste worse. At very small quantities we don’t perceive salt as salty, we perceive it as enhancing other things (notably sweetness in this case). This is why almost everything has at least a small pinch of salt.


Question: What will happen if we keep wasting water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What will happen if we keep wasting water?

Our groundwater is already being used at a rate much faster than it can be replenished. We'll need to rely on desalination in the future, which at the moment is very expensive and energy costly. Not to mention the transport of that water to inland areas. There's a reason why companies are buying up water rights left and right. And it's not because water will be free and plentiful in the future. So to answer the question; if we keep wasting water, millions may be forced to migrate and millions may die of dehydration. Expect water rations in the future (who knows how long that is). And it's not individuals wasting the water per say. You taking a ten minute instead of a five minute shower is not the main cause of groundwater being depleted. It's the unsustainable practices tied to agriculture and factory farming. It's a societal problem that no single individual is at fault for.


Question: Why is distilled water considered not drinking water? Maybe it isn't optimal, but how would pure water be actually harmful?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is distilled water considered not drinking water? Maybe it isn't optimal, but how would pure water be actually harmful?

No minerals. Need them electrolytes and whatnot. Technically helps to dehydrate you if you drink too much distilled water by leeching minerals from your system.


Question: Microsoft has been accused of implementing Windows Defender with an unfair advantage. What would they gain by doing that?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Microsoft has been accused of implementing Windows Defender with an unfair advantage. What would they gain by doing that?

Well, its a good thing we have these rules about free market. But when it comes to stuff like this its just ridiculous. Giving out some free protection with a product that is already yours (windows) is ok in most places in the world (except us).


Question: What psychological glitch is at play when someone wont believe someone is a compulsive liar when it is obvious to almost anyone else?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What psychological glitch is at play when someone wont believe someone is a compulsive liar when it is obvious to almost anyone else?

If you have already spent a considerable amount of time believing this person you don't want to think of yourself as the fool.


Question: Why is the nightsky in winter so much brighter than in summer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the nightsky in winter so much brighter than in summer?

During the summer, the air is more humid so it is like seen through a troubled Water. But in winter, the air is dry and you can see the stars better.


Question: Why are pills designed so big that they can choke someone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are pills designed so big that they can choke someone?

Sometimes it's necessary for the tablet to be large if the dosage of medication is large as well. As an example, one of the larger antibiotic tablets that I sell in pharmacy contains 875mg of amoxycillin and 125mg of clavulanic acid. Then add to that the powders that allow the tablet to form properly, any coatings the tablet might need, preservatives etc. The end product is chunky boi. Try halving the tablet (so long as it's not a slow-release formulation) if it's too big. Edit: Forgot to mention that the density of the drug plays a big part in the size of the tablet as well. My bad.


Question: How did we get helium within the earth's crust?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did we get helium within the earth's crust?

We are weirdly lucky in this sense because nature for some reason decided that one of the main ways radioactive decay happens is by releasing a helium nucleus. Radioactive elements often undergo alpha decay which releases a helium nucleus, and the electrons for this are just stolen from nearby atoms. This has built up over billions of years inside the earth by uranium and other elements decaying.


Question: What’s the difference between a negative feedback loop and a positive feedback loop?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s the difference between a negative feedback loop and a positive feedback loop?

A negative feedback loop: the end result of the loop, as it builds up, helps turn the loop off. Most hormones are like this. You get enough end product, you dont want to build forever. Positive feedback: the end product stimulates *more* production. The system speeds up faster and faster as more end stuff is made. A few things are like this, but they are rare because its a lot of energy. Other stuff usually will turn this off or else you run out of* raw materials. Hope that helps!


Question: Why do new cars smell the way they do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do new cars smell the way they do?

because of left over chemicals from the plastics and the leather or faux leather treatments are evaporating into a mostly sealed environment


Question: Where does soil come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does soil come from?

It's a mix of plant matter and minerals (sand, rocks, etc). Lots of different organisms help break down plant matter, including fungi. Fun fact: For several hundred million years nothing on Earth could digest cellulose, which is what trees are made of. So when trees fell, they didn't rot, they just *stayed there*. Huge swathes of the planet burned in apocalyptic forest fires fueled by millions of years worth of wood. And that's where coal comes from!


Question: why does cooking onions make you taste the sweetness of them more?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does cooking onions make you taste the sweetness of them more?

Heating up onions causes the larger chain sugars (polysaccharides) to break down into smaller chain sugars (monosaccharides). This results in caramelization and a sweeter flavor overall. The process is called pyrolysis. URL_0


Question: Why does it take such a massive amount of thrust to break free of Earth's gravity and enter orbit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it take such a massive amount of thrust to break free of Earth's gravity and enter orbit?

Getting to orbit does NOT involve breaking free of gravity. There is basically the same amount of gravity in low earth orbit as there is at ground level. You get into orbit by going fast enough horizontally to where the trajectory that gravity pulls you down equals the curvature of the Earth, which means that for every foot gravity pulls you downward you've traveled far enough that the ground is now a foot further down than it was before. You never get any closer to the earth, and so you just keep going around and around. The hard part of getting into orbit isn't the altitude, it's reaching the horizontal speed necessary to orbit. It's VERY fast, and so it takes a lot of thrust to get there.


Question: Why is sitting considered bad for you as opposed to squatting?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is sitting considered bad for you as opposed to squatting?

Well we probably all need to sit at some point, so it's going to be hard to completely avoid. Sedentary lifestyles are associated with diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. We're not entirely sure exactly why, and while lack of exercise is definitely a factor, it's not the only factor. If you're going to sit, it's good to get up and move around periodically to promote circulation. Squatting to defecate is supposed to be better because your colon changes position such that your feces can exit your body easier. If you are standing or sitting, it is more pinched.


Question: How does it work when a company goes public for the first time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does it work when a company goes public for the first time?

It is a massively complex process. I am happy to give you more details as needed but for now, consider my answers to your first three questions: 1) how many shares? Depends on what you’re doing your IPO for. If it’s a regular way startup, they will likely have a capital-raising goal and sell however many shares they need to sell to get that money. If they are a private-equity owned company, then they may float the entire amount that the sponsor owns, or plan for a more gradual exit. Consider that during the IPO process it’s not just the company selling (what’s called a “primary” offer) but also other insiders or large investors that want to cash out (“secondary”). So this depends on a lot of different factors. 2) pros and cons. Con: you have to respect the disclosure requirements and broader discipline imposed on a public company. There is a lot of compliance costs - you have to file forms all the time with the SEC, if your CEO says stuff you have to make sure it’s not material, or if it is material that it’s disclosed to all investors at the same time, etc. - but also a lot of broader obligations to the investment community - you have to deliver on quarterly targets, give quality guidance, disclose much more about your business to people so that they can make informed decisions and actually buy your stock. Pro: you have access to a gargantuan pool of capital that may be more generous than private markets. A classic case of this is Tesla, which is definitely a market darling and probably raised capital much more easily than it would in private markets. Also, the IPO is a big branding moment - think about how many people knew Zoom before the IPO vs how many people knew it after


Question: How and why is anti semitism labelled differently from racism ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How and why is anti semitism labelled differently from racism ?

Because Jewish isn’t a race, it’s a religion. Semitic Jews are an ethnicity. Hatred of Jewish people, therefore, extends to multiple “races.”


Question: How does "forgetting" work in our brains?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does "forgetting" work in our brains?

So, learning and memory is kind of a positive reinforcement situation - a use it or lose it situation. Long term potentiation is the term for the cellular learning process. Brain cells communicate with each other using chemicals called neurotransmitters. These chemicals are released from one brain cell onto the receiving end of another brain cell at a place called a synapse. Regularly using the same brain cells together strengthens their connections at their mutual synapses and makes it easier for them to activate each other. The reverse is also true in a process called depotentiation! If you don't use the same brain cells together, their connection weakens back to the original state. When you remember something, you're basically just activating a network of brain cells. If you can't remember, the connection in the network previously used for that task/memory/etc has weakened too much from lack of stimulation.


Question: Why do so many basic elements end in '-on' or '-gen' ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do so many basic elements end in '-on' or '-gen' ?

\-on is just a common greek end-syllable. -gen means "-producing" also from greek. Nitrogen for example makes Nitre (Potassium Nitrate). So it was named nitre-producing when it was first discovered.


Question: Why is hot water more effective than cold when washing your hands, if the water isnt hot enough to kill bacteria?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is hot water more effective than cold when washing your hands, if the water isnt hot enough to kill bacteria?

For the purposes of hygenic cleaning (killing germs, removing dead skin, cleaning a wound), temperature doesn't matter and (in some scenarios eg washing off bodily fluids or with certain soaps.) cold water is actually preferable. For the purposes of cosmetic cleaning (washing off stains, cleaning oily fingers, greasy marks), hot water can help soften long chain hydrocarbons like waxes, grease or oils and can help solubilise inks or other chemicals into the soap or water. --- Tl;dr (Better ELI5) is: If you want to kill germs, temperature doesn't matter. If you want to clean dirty hands, warm water can help. In both cases, washing thoroughly (at least 15 seconds) with soap is the most important thing.


Question: Why is there so much emphasis on a country’s birth rate being high enough to continually increase the net population?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there so much emphasis on a country’s birth rate being high enough to continually increase the net population?

Less people being born = Aging population = Less work force = Less taxes = Less money to spend on social security and other things (e.g. pensions) Until relatively recently, western countries had younger populations so our economies evolved around that, industrialization and baby boom guaranteed a steady supply of babies. But now, if we keep getting older and older, we will need to change our economies around that and/or incentivize people to woo hoo more.


Question: Why does bottled water below 0° C instantly freeze when shaken instead of gradually freezing as it gets colder?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does bottled water below 0° C instantly freeze when shaken instead of gradually freezing as it gets colder?

It’s supercooled. For water to change state, it needs an extra kick besides simply being below freezing. That shake can make it immediately crystallize. It can happen with normal activity too like the freezer vibrating. Sometimes it just didn’t get that kick. It can also happen at boiling temperature (being super heated). There are lots of videos of water in a microwave above boiling but it had no nucleation sites to form steam so when it gets disturbed (that kick it needs to change phase) it explodes.


Question: Why are there so many more darn tremors after the earthquake yesterday? (The one in Alaska)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there so many more darn tremors after the earthquake yesterday? (The one in Alaska)

I'm no expert but i'm from Chile, as you may know, we had a big earthquake (8.8 and some say 9.0) some years ago. As far as I know earthquake are the result of the release of energy produced by the reacomodation of the plaques of earth. (By that i mean that large portions of earth move in relation to others, the whole coast of the pacific is the "border" or "frontier" of 2 of this plaques. The friction between this plaques makes the earthquakes, and the after tremors ar the "fine tunning" of this plaques. I know is a bad example but think of it like a metal file. At first it coarse and loud (earthquake) but as you file more it gets smoother. So Initial file - > earthquake lots of friction between landmasses Smooth file - > tremors


Question: Why do good puns make people so angry?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do good puns make people so angry?

According to [this article]( URL_0 ), the root of how a pun interacts with the brain lies in the 2 hemispheres communicating with each other. While the left hemisphere usually processes language, the right side ends up correcting it when recognizing that there's a > !p! < undercover joke at play. Beyond that, I would only be speculating as to reasons why puns rub people in ways akin to steel wool.


Question: What makes soap (bar or liquid) a disinfecting agent? Is there a difference in efficacy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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 What makes soap (bar or liquid) a disinfecting agent? Is there a difference in efficacy?

The basic premise of your question is false. Soap in general is not a disinfecting agent. Soap causes oils to become able to be washed away with water and so is helpful for cleaning, but it does not disinfect.


Question: How are our buttholes able to control whether what we release is a solid or gas?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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 How are our buttholes able to control whether what we release is a solid or gas?

You have a special muscle called a sphincter in your butthole. It opens and closes to let poop out. If it only opens alittle, only gas can come out, not a solid. That is why if you have diarrhea you can't trust a fart. Gas and liquid can leak out the same.


Question: in the shell sort algorithm, why are the numbers 1,4,10,23,57,132,301,701,1750 used? They seem to be ambiguous and are really confusing me...

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 in the shell sort algorithm, why are the numbers 1,4,10,23,57,132,301,701,1750 used? They seem to be ambiguous and are really confusing me...

Shell sort partitions the data. The exact partition is not that important, but the properties of the partition (i.e. "gap sequence") do affect the runtime. "Gonnet and Baeza-Yates observed that Shellsort makes the fewest comparisons on average when the ratios of successive gaps are roughly equal to 2.2." You need to have some numbers to do the partition, so those numbers are one set that is known to work well, but you can change them and it will still work. URL_0


Question: Why do pharmaceutical drugs have a sell-by/use-by date? Are they less effective after their approximate shelf-life?

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 Why do pharmaceutical drugs have a sell-by/use-by date? Are they less effective after their approximate shelf-life?

Some drugs might get a bit less effective after their use-by date, but in the vast majority of cases the decrease in potency is insignificant. A few drugs might also develop harmful side effects and bacterial growth on them if you keep them for a long time past their use-by date.


Question: What exactly happens when a human drinks a glass of water?

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 What exactly happens when a human drinks a glass of water?

Unless you have diarrhea pretty much all of the water you drink in any form is absorbed (into your blood) in your intestine. Depending on the exercise, temperature and humidity sweating could be anything from 50ml/1.7oz to 2000ml/68oz an hour. Depending on your current blood volume your kidneys filter and re-absorb water to keep the blood pressure steady so pretty much any water you don't lose in another way gets excreted to the bladder eventually. If you drink a lot at once that will fill the bladder faster as the percentage of re-absorbed water will be lower/excreted water will be higher.


Question: What causes stage fright (the phenomenon of not being able to pee when standing next to another guy)?

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 What causes stage fright (the phenomenon of not being able to pee when standing next to another guy)?

Funny, that's not the definition of "stage fright" I knew. I think it's mostly learned behavior: from a very young age, you are trained to only use the toilet when you are alone. Basic potty training can create a link between "being next to another person" and "don't pee". A simple rule that is internalized in your subconscious brain.


Question: Why are plays 5 acts long, movies 3 acts long and musicals usually 2 acts long? They all typically have the same length (ish, between 2 and 3 hours) and some plays have been adapted into musicals and movies (Les Miserables is a prime example of having been all 3)

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[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why are plays 5 acts long, movies 3 acts long and musicals usually 2 acts long? They all typically have the same length (ish, between 2 and 3 hours) and some plays have been adapted into musicals and movies (Les Miserables is a prime example of having been all 3)

When we're talking generally about story structure, I think we usually talk about three acts - something like * (1) introduce characters and situation; at the end, a problem arises * (2) characters contend with the problem, often things get worse; at the end, there's some kind of crisis * (3) the situation gets resolved somehow, for good or ill. In plays, the acts mean something more concrete - the end of each act is a chance to close the curtain and move the location to a new set. There are ways to work around this, where you switch locations by darkening/lighting different areas, but in a lot of plays, 5 acts means 5 locations. So some of those different numbers can arise because either we're talking about the story structure, or we're talking about the number of physical settings, and they don't always correspond. (For instance, according to Wikipedia, *West Side Story* has two acts, but it would be easy to fit it into a "3-act-story" structure and IIRC there's more than one change of location.)


Question: In what sense does one food or drink 'go' with another?

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 In what sense does one food or drink 'go' with another?

The main thing that you want in a food and drink pairing is for both to have a similar intensity in the mouth. For instance, if you were eating something very light like a quiche, you don't want to then drink a very heavy red wine. The taste of the red wine will linger in the mouth, and so the next bite of quiche will be muted. Similarly, if you have a really heavy food like sharp cheeses, a wine that is too light will still have hints of cheese as you sip it since it's not strong enough to override it. Beyond that is flavour pairings, which is really just complimentary flavours. Often this is about balancing the different things the tongue can sense, like acidity, sweetness, etc., so that all of them are somewhat triggered, but none of them are overwhelmed.


Question: Will cancelling my oldest line of credit negatively impact my credit score?

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 Will cancelling my oldest line of credit negatively impact my credit score?

If you are in good standing there should not be any reasonable damage. Credit cards report your reliability. Canceling your agreement when you’re not in debt, and have no remaining payments shouldn’t interfere. However the ideal is to buy something with it. Even if it’s just groceries. Continued payments look better than good standing cancellations. I used to put about 150 on my card a month whether I Needed it or not. You pay more (depending on rates) but it speaks well of you. I


Question: How does dry cleaning work?

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[Your final answer goes here]
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 How does dry cleaning work?

Dry cleaning isn't actually dry, it just uses a different solvent than water, usually Hydrocarbon. Other than that, the process is pretty much the same as any washing.


Question: What long term damage does weed have on your body? (Assuming that you smoke 5-6 times per week)

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 What long term damage does weed have on your body? (Assuming that you smoke 5-6 times per week)

While many drugs have symptoms that appear rapidly weed has a longer span of time needed to produce effects. Some people can smoke weed for their entire life and have no issue similar to some people being able to handle other drugs. Only recently have scientists found results that weed (THC) has ill effects. The main reactions that happen are symptoms of withdrawal e.g. mood swings, that do tend to clear up over time. THC has been linked to mental health issues by worsening the effects of depression or interfering with medication. Now here comes the less supported parts. Many people in the business environment feel that people who smoke weed are less ambitious as time goes on. Since it is hard to measure ambition it is just stated and hard to support. It has been found that 1 in 10 users become addicted to weed. From what I have looked into I am unsure as to if this is an effect of THC or the act of smoking but those who smoke weed over time also have a higher risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular issues. Edit: THC, the compound responsible for the "high" of weed affects people differently. It is also hard to separate the difference between THC's and smoking's effects. If you want to read some of the sources I have found there is a mixture of government, organizations, and educational pages. I encourage you to read them but there will be bias as many government sources are against the use of weed. URL_3 URL_0 URL_1 URL_4 The most helpful one I found was a Peer-Reviewed paper on the effects on the brain of weed but is not always easy to follow. URL_2 Also some sources have suggested that the medicinal use of "Cannabis" has damaged the liver and kidneys less than medical drugs treating similar problems. URL_5


Question: How quaternions (4D imaginary numbers) are related to 3D rotation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How quaternions (4D imaginary numbers) are related to 3D rotation?

There is no dead simple explanation, other than you can just pretend each if the parts of a quaternion is a 3D spacial axis and then do multiplication to do things. I have a line that goes north 1, east 2 from a centre origin point. We could write this as (1,2,0), a vector. The 0 is the up-down, this line does not go up down. I want to spin this line 90° clockwise. What's the new line? Well, you could just work this out in your head. It's rather simple. It now goes -2 north, 1 east. Draw it if you need to, but should be easy enough to see in your head. Simple enough, although I could have made this a lot harder. Could have been given it a height direction too. Could have made it a different rotation than a clean 90°. Could have rotated it vertically too. Could have made it a full 3D geometric shape rather than a line. You could probably have dealt with some of these with some sketches and trig skills, but at a certain point I would have you thrown for a loop. But what if you could just do simple multiplication instead regardless of how complicated I made it. Well, you can. Given the question, I'm just going to fly sort of past what a quaternion is and how algebra works. It's a fancy number that goes something like 1 + 1i + 1j + 1k, although you can substitute any of the 1's with any other number, including zero. i alone would be the typical imaginary number, ie sqrt(-1). Or alternatively, i^2 is -1. j and k squared are also -1, but they do fun things when the multiply together. i × j = k for example. Basically if you imagine i as 12 o'clock, j as 4 o'clock, and k as 8 o'clock, multiplying then just gives you the third one. If you go counterclockwise, like i × j = k, it's positive. If you go counterclockwise, like j × i = -k it's negative. Unlike regular numbers, these ones care the order you multiply then in. Operations not caring about order is a special property, doesn't apply to all operations not in all types of applications. We take it for granted that multiplying regular numbers can he the order swapped and give the same result. Rather than north 1, east 2 or (1,2,0), let's make it a quaternion. So this would be 2i + 1j + 0k. I'm using i as East-west, j as north-south, and k as up-down. I know, we normally have north-south written first and here I have East-west as coming first. It's just conventions. So how do we turn 2i + 1j + 0k 90° clockwise with multiplication? Well, we multiply by the transformation number corresponding to a 90° clockwise turn, and then by that same number again with the signs inverted. That number is 1/sqrt(2) + 1/sqrt(2) k. Why 1/sqrt(2)? Simply, because the hypotenuse (long side) of a right (90°) triangle with shorter lengths 1 is sqrt(2). Need to ensure this number is like 1 or -1 and won't scale anything, just change its direction, aka rotate it. Why k? Because that's the up-down axis, which is the one we are actual spinning this around. So I don't have to keep writing 1/sqrt(2), I'm going to call that x: (x + xk) (2i + 1j) (x - xk) Now do some middle school algebra: (2xi + xj + 2xki + xkj)(x - xk) Now let's apply some of the imaginary number like math of quaternions. k × i is j. k × j is -i: (2xi + xj + 2xj - xi)(x - xk) Simplify to: (xi + 3xj)(x - xk) Multiply out again: (xxi - xxik + 3xxj - 3xxjk) Now let's apply some of the imaginary number like math of quaternions. i × k is -j. j × k is i: (xxi + xxj + 3xxj - 3xxi) Clean up: (4xxj - 2xxi) Now x is 1/sqrt(2), so all xx are 1/2: (4/2j - 2/2i) So the result is 2j -1i. What's 1i - 2j + 0k? -2 North, 1 east. What we wanted, a 90° clockwise turn. A lot more work, but involving very simple, repeatable steps with basic multiplication. A waste of time here, very easy in more complex situations and also very easy for a computer to chug through. Or if you've taken introductory university math, probably could have just said complex numbers (imaginary and real combinations) are just length two vectors and quaternions are length 4 vectors, and this is all just linear algebra with a new hat.


Question: How different are most toothpastes?

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 How different are most toothpastes?

Plain old toothpaste is basically water, xanthan gum, chalk, fluoride, fluorescent dye, detergent, and flavoring. * Chalk is the active ingredient, it polishes your teeth. * Water and xanthan gum make it a paste for easy use. * Detergent makes it foam up, which doesn't do anything useful but makes it feel like the toothpaste is doing stuff. * Fluoride replaces some of the calcium in your teeth; the new fluoridated mineral is not as strong, but more resistant to acid (Hydroxyapatite - > Fluoroapatite). With modern diets that don't involve cracking bones with your teeth but do involve a lot of sugar and soda, that's a good tradeoff. * Fluorescent dye makes your teeth look whiter, by absorbing (invisible) ultraviolet light and re-emitting it as blue light. * Flavoring makes the toothpaste taste better. Usually this also includes an artificial sweetener. Whitening toothpastes include bleaching agents; toothpaste for sensitive teeth contains saltpeter to desensitize nerves and stannous chloride to block up tiny holes that can develop in teeth if you lose the top layer; fluoride toothpaste contains extra fluoride.


Question: Why don’t things like stickers and tape work when they are submerged in water?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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 Why don’t things like stickers and tape work when they are submerged in water?

The adhesives work by contacting and physically or chemically attaching to the surface. Water molecules obstruct that contact on a microscopic level, and may also chemically interact with the adhesive.


Question: How does the IQ test measure intelligence and are the results a reliable way of telling if someone is smart or not?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the IQ test measure intelligence and are the results a reliable way of telling if someone is smart or not?

**TL;DR:** *IQ tests measure intelligence, but "intelligence" has some different meanings and smart people can score low on an IQ test for many reasons. So they can give some general indication on how intelligent someone is, but are not a completely unbiased and reliable measuring stick that's fair to everyone.* \--- First there's the problem with the word 'intelligence' itself. OP uses the words "smart" and "stupid" but most of us know someone who is intelligent at, say, math, but wouldn't know what end of a hammer to use to screw in a rivet... or someone that is really clever but completely flunked out of school. IQ tests usually don't measure the practical experience that a lot of smart people have or the wisdom that advisor-type people or natural leaders often bring. Then there's the fact that it's easy to study for IQ tests to increase your ability to do them... but that doesn't mean you're increasing your real-life ability to apply that knowledge. A big chunk of most IQ tests are like the puzzle section of a newspaper; you can easily train yourself in the skills of pattern recognition, logical extension, and other problem-solving methods, and get better over time. But that doesn't mean you become more intelligent according to some measures. You can still make terrible decisions and be a complete social klutz, and some people say you're "stupid" if you do those things. And finally, a lot of IQ tests have word association components. A highly intelligent foreign language speaker or someone who is intelligent but illiterate is going to miss those. So look at them as a sort of guide or general indicator. Someone who scores an IQ result of 150 is almost certainly going to be better at intellectual problem-solving than someone who gets an 80... but that absolutely does not mean the first person can do a good job building a garage or managing the children in their family, or that the second person is bad at managing certain real-life situations.


Question: Why do atoms possess Spin? Do all atoms possess spin or only some?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do atoms possess Spin? Do all atoms possess spin or only some?

Elementary particles have spin, it's an intrinsic property like mass or charge. The Higgs Boson is a spin=0 particle, but it still "has spin" even though the value is 0. Atoms and composite particles have spin, as an aggregation of the spin of the elementary particles that make them up.


Question: What's the difference between mechanical keyboards and normal keyboards? Why do pro gamers prefer mechanical keyboards?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What's the difference between mechanical keyboards and normal keyboards? Why do pro gamers prefer mechanical keyboards?

imo, it's mainly marketing. but there are build quality differences between a mech keyboard and cheapie membrane keyboard. mainly in the tacile response, ie the keypress feel. the keys themselves have different range of movements until when the key is actually registered and how far you need to press and how much force you need to use. and of course the clicky noise. we actually started off with clicky noisey keyboards back in the day. then people didn't like them because they made too much noise/too bulky/too expensive and we all switched to cheapie membrane keyboards that don't have a good tacile response. but then when esports took off, pc accessories started becoming a huge market. so a lot of companies started making them and paying programers to use them. but one thing that most mech keyboards have is N-key rollover (which you can also get from non mechnical keyboards), if you hold down multiple keys in cheapie keyboards, some only remember the last key you pressed. so if you're trying to do something fancy like strafe left, while moving forward, and jumping while also changing weapons and checking the scoreboard while also using your push to talk button... yeah that might not work as you intended.


Question: How can adding one molecule or Oxygen to water make it an antiseptic?

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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can adding one molecule or Oxygen to water make it an antiseptic?

Water is a very stable molecule, while Hydrogen Peroxide is less stable. H202 wants to give up an Oxygen molecule to become water, this makes it a powerful oxidizer. Hydrogen peroxide kills bacteria because it oxidizes their cell walls, this is a chemical reaction that breaks them apart at the molecular level. But it is also harmful to blood and other living cells. Using Hydrogen peroxide kills healthy skin cells, and while it does disinfect it can slow the healing process.


Question: If breathing is an involuntary action but can be controlled voluntarily, why can't things like the heart and esophagus be controlled voluntarily as well?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If breathing is an involuntary action but can be controlled voluntarily, why can't things like the heart and esophagus be controlled voluntarily as well?

There are lots of cases where you might want to pause your breathing. There are zero cases where you might want to pause your heartbeat.


Question: How does self-disappearing ink work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does self-disappearing ink work?

Disappearing ink is usually reacting to carbon dioxide in the air around us, creating carbonic acid through an interaction with an agent in the ink, which causes it to "disappear" as sodium carbonate. Sometimes, the ink is photosensitive instead, which will cause it to disappear due to exposure to light.


Question: Why can we see in our products which country they were produced in?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can we see in our products which country they were produced in?

If you live in the USA it's because of government regulations that require a country of origin on most products.


Question: do tablets really expire or do they just lose potency? How?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 do tablets really expire or do they just lose potency? How?

The date you see on the bottle is the date the manufacturer can still guarantee potency. So it's not necessarily the true expiration date.


Question: When markets sell products. Why does majority of the items sold end with a .99 cents? Why not charge the full dollar instead?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When markets sell products. Why does majority of the items sold end with a .99 cents? Why not charge the full dollar instead?

Subconscious advertising. Which looks cheaper to you: $1,999.99 or $2,000.00? You mind sees the price that starts with the 1 as cheaper because 1 is less than 2.


Question: why is burning pine in a fireplace considered dangerous?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is burning pine in a fireplace considered dangerous?

It is generally recommended to avoid soft woods, such as pine or cedar, which tend to burn fast with excessive smoke. While you can use these woods in your fireplace, you will end up going through a lot more wood and you will likely have more creosote buildup.


Question: How do people work out the odds for betting? Like I get who is the favourite but how do they decide between 3/1 or 4/1 or even those odds to start with?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do people work out the odds for betting? Like I get who is the favourite but how do they decide between 3/1 or 4/1 or even those odds to start with?

The idea for the “house” is to try to set a betting line that will even out the betting. So they are not saying Team A has a certain chance to win, they are telling you how much you have to bet to get a certain payout IF you make the right choice. So lets say Mike Tyson in his prime is fighting Glass Joe. Vegas would think Tyson to be a HEAVY favorite so they want to make bettor risk ALOT to win a little on Tyson. So they would say his odds are 1/10 meaning you have to RISK $10 just to win $1. So Tyson will probably win, but if he doesnt you are in trouble because you had to risk so much. Now his opponent stinks so why would anybody bet on him? Because his odds would be like 25/1 so the bettor risks just $1 and if they get lucky.... they win $25. A lot of bettors will throw down a few bucks on those long odds which adds up and balances the betting sheets. There is also Money Line. Which shows the favorite as a negative and the dog as a positive So Tyson might be -1000. ( which means you have to RISK $1000 just to win $100). And our friend Glass Joe would be +2500 so you have to RISK $100 and you win $2500 if your longshot comes in. So once the lines are set, they move up and down based on who is betting for whom in order to try to entice people to bet evenly.... So if Glass Joe suddenly gets hundreds of thousands of dollars of bets.... the bookie says... “ maybe that line was too generous” and moves the line to make it earn less if Joe wins and more if Tyson wins. The bookies just want the money split to be as even as possible


Question: How does massaging break down scar tissue? Wouldn't it harm the surrounding "normal" tissue?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does massaging break down scar tissue? Wouldn't it harm the surrounding "normal" tissue?

There is little reliable, peer-reviewed studies to show that massage is actually effective at breaking up and replacing scar tissue. Of course many massage proponents don't really care much for robust evidence and will assert benefits regardless of proof. I suggest taking such advice with a healthy dose of salt.


Question: From where do we get our helium (from the atmosphere / from mining), and through which industral process?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 From where do we get our helium (from the atmosphere / from mining), and through which industral process?

Commercial Helium is extracted from Natural gas Helium collects underground, possibly as the result of the radioactive decay of Thorium and Uranium. A refining process of Low-temperature condensation produces Helium concentrate (80-85%) and is further refined by removing impurities like Neon. Basically if you put any mixed gas in a large tank and just like oil mixed with water it will naturally separate into different layers


Question: why does the body always wake up so early after a night of drinking?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does the body always wake up so early after a night of drinking?

Alcohol depresses your central nervous system. In an effort to combat this, your brain, seeking equilibrium, floods your body with stimulant chemicals like adrenaline. By the time the alcohol wears off, the stimulants are still running around in your body, which is why your sleep is so fitful and why you tend to wake up earlier than normal.


Question: Why does the pain from muscle-aches after gyming feel so good?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the pain from muscle-aches after gyming feel so good?

I think it's your brain releasing specific endorphins that feel good. I know that's what happens with a "runner's high", where your body floods with nice stuff to tell you that it's good that you are running and you should do it again.


Question: ; Why does spicy food feel the way it does?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 ; Why does spicy food feel the way it does?

Your mouth contains "doors" that open & close in response to heat, that door opening is felt by the body as "hot". The more doors that open the louder the "hot" signal is. Spicy food contains a chemical called capsaicin that tricks the doors into opening and then blocks the doorway preventing the door from closing. This sends a very loud "HOT HOT HOT" signal to the brain. Capsaicin does not mix well with water so drinking will not stop the hot signal, it does however mix well with fat so "expert" spicy eaters will have a glass of milk on hand to clear their doors.


Question: If there are supermassive black holes at the center of most galaxies, why are there not massive stars at the center of galaxies as well?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If there are supermassive black holes at the center of most galaxies, why are there not massive stars at the center of galaxies as well?

There's a limit to how massive a star can be before the thermal pressure from inside succumbs to the gravitational pull of its mass. And that limit is far below of what's needed to hold a whole galaxy together.


Question: How does colonialism differ from imperialism?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does colonialism differ from imperialism?

Imperialism: extending your government to control peoples beyond your own, usually by military force. E.g. the Roman empire conquering modern France and extending Roman law and policies to the local Gauls. Colonialism: putting your own people in a territory to control its resources, usually displacing other peoples as they do so. North American colonies from France, Britain and the Netherlands, for instance. These colonial governments did not attempt to rule native Americans, but colonists from home or descendants of colonists.


Question: How does oral medications actually work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does oral medications actually work?

The medicine you digest is actually a chemical with effects (the part you want) and side effects (things that also happen but hopefully they're not too bad). If you crush it up and snort it or if you shove it in the backdoor it'll be the same. Those chemicals have the same effects wherever your body absorbs them. The effect is what happens when that drug (chemical) is taken in by your body. The medicine doesn't know what's wrong, it doesn't matter. The medicine is just a chemical that has an effect and that's it. Imagine getting drunk. You are taking a chemical into your body, something that is not food. The body digests and absorbs it, and the desired effect is what you get. Same with oral (or any) medication. Same with poison. Same with vitamins.


Question: Why is staying still in water warmer than moving in water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is staying still in water warmer than moving in water?

Same reason a fan makes you feel cool: more molecules of water are able to come into contact with your body and absorb heat energy from you.


Question: When banks print/make new currency, say they decide to make £1million, how is that broken down into the various denominations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When banks print/make new currency, say they decide to make £1million, how is that broken down into the various denominations?

My understanding...(no expert) The denomination of printed / manufactured currency is decided based on what is needed to be in circulation for example when ATMs only issued denominations of £10 this led to a reduction in the number of £5 notes circulating. They were being banked but not recirculated. The banks were told to change the m/c to issue £5 notes and the mint printed new £5 notes to meet the increased demand. There is also the replacement of old notes that are in poor condition or no longer valid following a redesign. People putting small denomination coins in jars at home and not spending them means they are not circulating and a shortage occurs. This can lead to overproduction of the coin or the coins being removed completely because it's not used e.g if the price of goods was rounded up to the pound / dollar and not charged at £nn.99p there would be very little need for a 1p coin.


Question: Why is it cold when you get in a pool, and cold when you get out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it cold when you get in a pool, and cold when you get out?

Water transfers heat better than air does, so when you get in, your skin starts losing a bunch of heat to the water, making you feel cold. Water, when evaporating, also takes a bunch of heat from your body (which is why we sweat when we are hot). When you leave the pool, the water on your skin starts evaporating, making you feel cold again.


Question: Why do we lose motivation to complete a task when told to do so, whereas we would have motivation otherwise?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we lose motivation to complete a task when told to do so, whereas we would have motivation otherwise?

It's not totally known. We know that this "overjustification effect" does happen, but why is something psychologists disagree on. It could be to do with the way that you perceive a task, and the kind of activity it is, the way you perceive *yourself* doing a task, or the way things you pay attention to or expect during the task change. Social context also seems to have an impact, so that being told to do something with someone else might produce a different kind of motivational effect than being told to do it alone, or being told to do it yourself in the presence of other people who aren't told to do it. So on the level of experiment there's quite a lot of variables to work with. Stepping back from psychologists though to my own introspection, I would say that motivation can sometimes be lost when I'm expected to do a task, that can be regained by making sure I have the ability to alter task parameters to suit my interests. Having confidence that I'll be able to do a task at my own pace, without later corrections etc. allows me to invest in doing something well without worrying that I'll be asked to do more than I'm comfortable with or undo something I'm proud of. Real control over your work is much better for motivation, and it can sometimes be useful to intentionally regain that by clarifying how much leeway you have, if you're doing something for someone else, so you can get a sense of comfort and confidence of being able to shift things around without interfering with whatever relational reasons lead you to do the task in the first place.


Question: Why does your nose "run" more when it's cold outside?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does your nose "run" more when it's cold outside?

Cold dry air stimulates a nervous reflex in the nose to induce dilation of the blood vessels in order to maintain the homeostatic temperature locally and to warm up the air entering the lungs, this leads to an increase in mucous production and secretion. Manifests as a runny nose. On top of that, cold air causes some condensation because it cools the humidity in the nose forming moisture.