Question: What makes one companies AA batteries better than another’s? Ex. Energizer vs Duracell

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes one companies AA batteries better than another’s? Ex. Energizer vs Duracell

I’m no expert, but my understanding is that there are several elements that go into a battery, like graphite and magnesium and zinc. The level of refining and purity of those elements affects the capacity of the battery. More refined elements mean more stored energy and a more predictable lifecycle, but comes at the cost of more expensive equipment and processes and that drives up the cost to produce the batteries.


Question: Why do batteries in remote controls, that seem dead, suddenly have months more life in them when you take them out and put them back in?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do batteries in remote controls, that seem dead, suddenly have months more life in them when you take them out and put them back in?

Battery contact surfaces get oxidized when they are in contact with remote controls metal. When you remove and reapply the batteries the oxidation matter gets removed and battery conducts electricity better


Question: Why do flash drives say they have certain memory capacity, but when you check the actual memory they're short of a few GBs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do flash drives say they have certain memory capacity, but when you check the actual memory they're short of a few GBs?

Marketing, mostly. In computer engineering, a gigabyte is 1024 megabytes, and a megabyte is 1024 kilobytes, so on. But marketers like to reinterpret this as 1000 megabytes to a gigabyte, and 1000 kilobytes per megabyte. It helps the product look better for the end consumer without inflating costs


Question: How do researches begin a study on a new disease?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do researches begin a study on a new disease?

Trying to find ways to cheat in Plague Inc aren’t you? Jokes aside, it depends on the situation. Ideally you’d choose a proven way of going about this (methodology, if you will) and do your best to: - predict (be it disease behavior, spread, lethality, host reactions) - make sure others using the same instruments as you reach similar conclusions (replicability is a cornerstone of research; find something out that nobody else can - even after using the same approach as you? that might mean you made some mistakes) - harness all prior and relevant research so that anybody looking at your paper can get where you’re coming from and where you’re getting. ————————— So for your zombie scenario: - isolate pathogen (zombie virus) and establish lifecycle (how it lives, eats, reproduces and dies). - isolate host (zombie), monitor and document pathogen impact and evolution. - iterate through known cures (if zombies cough, will cough drops help?), see if you can control pathogen with minimal damage to host. - develop and iterate new cures (small steps, high pace) and experiment by checking the difference in reactions between a host that has been exposed to your new cure vs your untreated (control) host. It’s a start, but really you’d need to run tens of not hundreds of experiments to get a statistically sound result, and know for sure you’re not just lucking out. Edit: too many big words. Still too many but I hope it’s simpler now.


Question: Why do programs or websites think I'm using a new device when I'm not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do programs or websites think I'm using a new device when I'm not?

Whenever you visit a site and authenticate, it saves a file called a cookie on your computer. When you revisit the site, the browser sends that cookie along. Then the site knows you're you. If you clear cookies, the site no longer knows it's you and needs to authenticate again.


Question: why is peanut butter never rotten or get moldy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is peanut butter never rotten or get moldy?

Basically it's too oily for most bacteria or molds to live in. Extremely oily or sweet substances like Ketchup inhibit bacterial growth almost entirely. Pickling or salting does this as well, all these techniques are ancient.


Question: Suicide is listed as a side effect of over 200 common medications. How, specifically, do these medications increase the risk of suicide?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Suicide is listed as a side effect of over 200 common medications. How, specifically, do these medications increase the risk of suicide?

People imagine themselves dying quite often- [it's a normal and healthy thing to do]( URL_6 ). We unconciously make up hypothetical scenarios all the time, in order to gauge cause and effect. Sometimes referred to as ['the call of the void']( URL_0 ). Step near the edge of a cliff, and you'll probably imagine what would happen if you jumped or fell. That's your brain warning you about potential danger, and telling you back the truck up. But sometimes, that process takes a dark turn. Suicidal ideation- imagining what would happen if you killed yourself- is also normal and healthy. It's the brain being curious about the broader scope of our place in life, or the physical outcome of certain lethal actions. All of that is fine, totally fine, we have [a little clump of meat in our brains]( URL_14 ) that allows us to distinguish between the things we are pretending (or hypothesizing about) what we might want to do, and what we actually intend on doing. But every once in a while, the signals get crossed. We take one of these hypotheticals and it moves from curious consideration into serious business. It jumps the filter. For a moment, you become convinced that that ideation is something you might want to do. [This isn't the same thing at all as struggling with suicidal tendencies]( URL_13 ), which are long processes of many interwoven thoughts all bunched up with rationalizations and a common theme, no, this one is essentially a glitch in an otherwise healthy filter. Mostly, humans end up weighing their options and through intense consideration realize that this thought isn't really as serious as it first seemed to be. The thought itself begins to dissolve, and soon it's all but gone. We have thoughts all the time that lead nowhere, and usually this kind of aberrant thought [is discarded like the others]( URL_4 ). [Unless it has old friends]( URL_8 ). Maybe you went through a suicidal patch in high school, like so many do. Or maybe as an early adult, or a new parent, or whatever. Because of that, you have a portion of memory and thinking that takes suicide very very seriously and contains a lot of connections to other realms of thought. Perhaps youve set those thoughts aside, perhaps you haven't. Let's say for this example, that you have. You've gotten through it, or over it, or bottled it up- you've coped. So. Now it seems like you've got a touch of asthma, or a very bad cough, and your doctor has prescribed you Prednisone. It's a classic corticosteriod, and basically strengthens your body's fighting stance to work through this little weak spot youve developed. It does that, in part, by [imitating your adrenal glands]( URL_9 ), as though they were pumping full blast. You know what also pumps up your adrenal glands? [Stress]( URL_10 ). A shiton of stress, like the kind of crap you used to feel back the day when you wanted to clock yourself out. The elevated, often erratic hormone levels mimic high stress points, [especially in puberty]( URL_1 ), and even later at any point when your hormones were going up and down. [Big relationships. Parenthood]( URL_7 ) Life-affecting [career choices]( URL_2 ). All of those big-time events where, when people get down, they get really, really down. Collectively, your brain picks up this hormone trail, because it's job is to respond to hormones and [create effective strategies for dealing with the outside situations producing them]( URL_5 ). This new hormone wash is very reminiscent of the batch being pumped out in the Dark Days, and so it revisits (reactivates) the [sections of your brain that were the most active during those times]( URL_11 ). Now that original, random ideation, has a home to go to instead of being left out in the cold to die. Not just a home, there are tons of thoughts, memories, feelings, that welcome that filter-jumping thought like an old friend, that connect with it. [Welcome it]( URL_12 ). And your very efficient brain, always willing to use an old, [familiar framework]( URL_3 ) instead of creating a new one says, well, perhaps this thought isn't such a weirdo after all, it seems to be valid, and makes a very good point. Well alright then, THE DARK DAYS HAVE RETURNED, EMERGENCY STATIONS, PREPARE THE ESCAPE PODS! And that is why, occasionally, when taking drugs that affect or simulate stress hormones, there is an increase in suicidal ideation and tendencies, even if that drug was designed to alleviate them. Changes in your body, even helpful ones, can affect your thinking in profound and often unpredictable ways. The brain is just doing its best, and a pharmaceutical curveball can really pack a wallop. . Edit: Sources.


Question: Why do older people find it so much more harder to understand tech?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do older people find it so much more harder to understand tech?

Well for one thing, like most things, there are exceptions to every rule. I'm 60 years old but I'm the one who EVERYONE I know comes to to fix their computers. This includes my two children who grew up with computers. I think it comes down to anyone can learn and understand what they are interested in. If you aren't interested you don't pay attention to things that are shown to you. Older people know how to be "in the moment and not always staring at a screen" and don't appreciate tech as much as most younger people.


Question: How does a computer/game console/electronic device (not with internet or radio access) STILL know the exact date and time after being out of charge/turned off for an extensive amount of time? Eg years and years

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a computer/game console/electronic device (not with internet or radio access) STILL know the exact date and time after being out of charge/turned off for an extensive amount of time? Eg years and years

They have a tiny battery inside, and that battery just runs an internal clock, so it uses almost no energy at all, and can last for years, because modern clocks are really energy efficient.


Question: Why can some people open their eyes underwater with no problem at all? I have never been able to do it

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can some people open their eyes underwater with no problem at all? I have never been able to do it

Most likely because of differences in the sensitivity of the cornea (front surface of the eye) from person to person. Similar to how an eye gets used to a contact lens on the surface of your eye, the same can be true for ignoring the burning sensation of opening your eyes underwater. That being said, as an optometry student I would NOT suggest opening your eyes underwater. Even in a chlorinated pool, there can still be bacteria that cause eye infections so be careful!


Question: What is makes some markers "permanent" while others are "washable"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is makes some markers "permanent" while others are "washable"?

If depends on the carrier used for the ink. A permanent marker might use ink dissolved in a volatile organic solvent like acetone that evaporates after being applied, leaving the ink behind. This is permanent because the ink in this case is only soluble in that solvent, not water. So the dried ink will resist water but could be removed with the appropriate solvent. A washable marker will use a carrier that water is able to dissolve, thus removing the ink.


Question: what happens when you use water to put out a grease fire?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what happens when you use water to put out a grease fire?

Remember that water is heavier than the oil so it's trying to sink under the grease. The hot oil is generally well above the boiling temperature of water (water boils at 100 C, many vegetable oils will only burn at 300+C and don't self ignite until around 400C). If you've ever splashed a small amount of water in a hot skillet and watched the droplets "dance", it happens because water starts to boil almost instantly and bounce around propelled by their expansion. So you have water starting to submerge under the oil, while simultaneously starting to boil (and expanding dramatically) which usually propels burning oil across a large area (or around the room if it's walls constrain the space where the fire can expand).


Question: What is the purpose of sharps/flats at the beginning of sheet music? Why can’t you just write higher notes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the purpose of sharps/flats at the beginning of sheet music? Why can’t you just write higher notes?

You could write it with higher notes. But in certain keys it would be messy. Only the key of C uses all white keys with no sharps or flats. If a writer wants to use a different key, it will include one or more sharps or flats, so they’d have to mark each one every time it’s used. Easier to just mark it at the beginning to notate for example every time I use an F, it’s really F sharp.


Question: How are "scratch n' sniff" stickers made?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are "scratch n' sniff" stickers made?

There are tiny (microscopic) capsules filled with scented chemicals on the surface of any sort of "scratch n' sniff" surface. When you scratch them with your finger, you rupture some of them and release the smell.


Question: Does the US debt matter?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does the US debt matter?

At some point*, the US may have so much debt and other obligations that people with money to lend will just stop believing the government is good for it, which will cause borrowing costs to rise, which would cripple the government. Also, as a matter of policy, one must consider that lonable funds that go to the treasury do not get lent out to private firms and individuals nor do they get invested in new firms. There is also great debate over the impact of federal borrowing "crowding out" productive investment. There are costs to borrowing and the US cannot simply borrow at negligible interest rates with no limit. The difficulty is weighing these costs against what we want the government to pay for and alternative ways of financing those activities. *What, precisely, this is is subject to great debate


Question: What’s the difference between liquid hand soap and body wash (if any)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s the difference between liquid hand soap and body wash (if any)?

I work for a well known company that makes a variety of products relating to personal care. Our hand soap and body wash are actually the same formula in our base products. In fact the base formula for these products are just distributed in different bottles and marketed as different things (Hand soap & Body Wash.) There are differences in formula between base formula and products that have other effects like moisturizing though. I’ve also heard, but I can not claim this as fact that our dish soap also is very similar in formula besides the scent/flavor. Edit: For those of you wondering, retailers and vendors use the term “flavor” more commonly than scent. However they are pretty interchangeable in the industry. Edit 2: Face wash is not the same as hand soap, there are chemicals added such as Benzoyl Peroxide or Salicylic Acid. (DONT USE HAND SOAP AS FACE WASH)


Question: Why are video game graphics just now becoming so detailed and in depth? 10 years ago, you couldnt see reflections or walk up stairs properly, but now you can? What has happened to code writing that's allowed this?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are video game graphics just now becoming so detailed and in depth? 10 years ago, you couldnt see reflections or walk up stairs properly, but now you can? What has happened to code writing that's allowed this?

It’s not code really. It’s waaaay more powerful processing being widely available. Both CPUs and GPUs. All of those details take a ton of processing power to do, processing power that 10 years ago wasn’t so readily available.


Question: Why does mind wander to the most embarrassing episodes of our lives when trying to fall asleep ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does mind wander to the most embarrassing episodes of our lives when trying to fall asleep ?

Well, as I have understood it we remember “awkward “ social encounters so vividly because we need to remember to not make the same mistake twice. When we lived on the savanna a social mistake that made it so that the pack left you meant death. So it is sort of a constant warning of do not do that again. Why it comes during bedtime could be a result of that it is among the only times during the day we have actual time to reflect and think about nothing. Giving our brain some much needed time to warn us. It should be said that today, in opposition to when we lived on the savanna, we are in far more of these situations as everything in our world is much more complex and the rules are many more. Something that is embarrassing for us and there for is seen as “dangerous “ by the brain would have not been a big deal to our ancestors. Social norms and behaviors are taught not instinctual. Whenever my brain comes with warnings about all of my many social failings I like to say to my brain “ thank you brain, but I don’t need your warnings right now” it sounds silly but it helps me.


Question: how does probability work with more than one variable? If i make 25% of my shots and my friend catches 50% of passes whats the probability of a successful pass?what about more variables?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does probability work with more than one variable? If i make 25% of my shots and my friend catches 50% of passes whats the probability of a successful pass?what about more variables?

1/4 chance of throwing a pass properly times a 1/2 chance of catching a pass properly equals a 1/8 chance of success. So this would be a 12.5% chance of a successful pass. When you have two independant variables you multiply them to get the final probability. [Here is a website that explains this.]( URL_0 )


Question: how does a PCR test work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does a PCR test work?

You start with a forward and reverse primer that match up with the two sides of the section of DNA that you are interested in. You mix that with some other chemicals and the DNA. That mixture is put on a thermal cycler; an instrument that raises and lowers the temperature of your reaction. At a high temperature, the DNA splits from double stranded to single stranded. As the reaction cools, the primers attach and start making a complimentary strand of DNA with the nucleotides (building blocks of DNA) that are part of the reaction mix to form a new double stranded section out of each single strand. You have now doubled the amount of the section if DNA that you are interested in. This cycle repeats (usually 35-40 times). Every cycle you are doubling the amount of double stranded DNA that you had from the previous cycle. You end up turning one DNA strand into millions of DNA strands. There is a lot more complexity, but that is the basic idea.


Question: where does the carbonation in carbonated drinks go after we drink them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 where does the carbonation in carbonated drinks go after we drink them?

any carbonation that makes it to your stomach is going to be burped or farted out. just like all the other gasses that your digestive tract creates on its own. it doesn't get absorbed. You have to consider that unless youre chugging a brand new opened can/bottle, not much of the carbonation is going to make it to your stomach, hell all the fizzing you feel in your mouth is air escaping right there.


Question: Are you taking in fresh oxygen when you breathe in near a tree?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are you taking in fresh oxygen when you breathe in near a tree?

You are taking in oxygen wherever you breathe. There is no such thing as 'fresh oxygen'. Oxygen we breathe is simply a molecule that is produced via many natural occurrences. The tree will produce oxygen as a result of photosynthesis, but it's a very small amount compared with what aready exists in the air you're breathing.


Question: how does my cell phone sometimes get reception in a subway tunnel 60' underground inside what is effectively a metal tube?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does my cell phone sometimes get reception in a subway tunnel 60' underground inside what is effectively a metal tube?

Cell phone signal booster. Antenna to pick up the cell tower signal is outside the area with little or no reception, and is connected via wire to an antenna inside, which extends the signal.


Question: how do extra mathematical dimensions work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do extra mathematical dimensions work?

Mathematical dimensions do not need to relate to physical ones, and physical ones do not need to relate to spacetime. It's really a mathematical way to look at things. Let's say you have thing moving around. It has a position (x, y, z), a velocity, a mass that may change over time, and so on. Every one of those components can be considered a dimension in a vector space defining the state of the thing.


Question: Why is depreciation considered an expense in accounting?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is depreciation considered an expense in accounting?

When you buy a $500,000 piece of equipment, you trade the the money for the equivalent value of equipment. The company still has $500,000; it's just been converted from liquid cash to a physical asset. But when the value of that machine begins to depreciate, your company has lost "money". You no longer have $500,000 worth of assets. That lost money is an expense.


Question: How does rubbing alcohol kill what is harmful while not hurting the living body?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does rubbing alcohol kill what is harmful while not hurting the living body?

Alcohol will indiscriminately kill cells regardless of whether they are good or not. It works by dissolving the cell membrane which will result in cell death. Your skin, for example, consists of many layers of dead skin cells. If you get rubbing alcohol on your skin, you won't notice much happening because the cells the alcohol comes in contact with are already dead. If you were to pour it on an open wound you'd notice how painful it feels - that's because healthy cells are dying. You may also notice a similar effect when drinking strong alcohol since the cells lining your mouth/throat/esophagus are not (as far as I know) comprised of layers of dead cells, and so health cells are directly in contact with the alcohol.


Question: Why is sound for TV and movies barely audible for dialog and eat drum exploding for music and action?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is sound for TV and movies barely audible for dialog and eat drum exploding for music and action?

[Dynamic Range.]( URL_0 ) The idea is that the sound is more "realistic" if it is louder when it should be loud, and soft when it should be soft. When an explosion is not much louder than a whisper, that is called ["compressed" ]( URL_0 _compression) audio. (This is not the same as digital compression, like mp3) We experience this in the real world, a freeway sounds louder than our living rooms, however, we usually have a transition period, or can anticipate the volume change. We cannot do this in a movie/TV show, so it is just painful and annoying, instead of enjoyable. This is one of the reasons I do not see movies in a theater anymore. It is impossible to be comfortable, when at any moment you can lose your hearing. Like you, I hate it. I *want* compressed audio. At some point, the pendulum will swing, and technology vendors will come out with some kind of "advanced compression" that is "better" than what we have now, and we will be shelling out $thousands for mid-80s audio gear.


Question: Why does older music often play at a lower volume?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does older music often play at a lower volume?

TL;DR because music company executives are dicks who care more about scrounging money than sound reproduction. Early CDs and mixing engineers were propely doing their job in order to maintain the maximum amount of dynamic range (the difference between the quietest and the loudest sound in a recording). However as time went on, market forces caused a sort of arms race in loudness in the recorded media so that songs played would make more of an impression on the listener. This is referred to as [the loudness war]( URL_0 ).


Question: How could different human species reproduce to make fertile young?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How could different human species reproduce to make fertile young?

Zoologist here! So the real nub of the question is really what we mean by 'species'. The truth is, species don't *really* exist - at least, not through evolutionary time. Dividing up the animal kingdom into tidy discrete compartments we call 'species' is something we've done to help make the complexity a little easier to understand and manage in the here and now; in reality, it's a lot more fuzzy and the boundaries we erect between species often break down. The most well known definition of a species is the so-called 'biological definition' and runs along the lines of 'a group of animals that can breed to produce fertile offspring'. This works well for most things - y'know, lions and tigers, chimpanzees and humans - but it doesn't apply to lots of other things, like [ring species]( URL_2 ). What's worse, the above definition only really *works* when we apply it to a single snapshot of time - say, the present day. When you try to use the above definition and apply it to evolutionary time, it falls apart completely. Hence I think the confusion. For starters, at *no* point, *ever*, would you find individuals of one species giving birth to individuals of an altogether different species. Likewise two different species won't interbreed to form another, despite what you might have heard in the media à la the Denisovians and Neanderthals. This 'aint Pokémon; speciation doesn't work like that. Think of it like trying to divide the colour spectrum into neat little compartments; in reality it doesn't work. Pick any part of the ['green' area here]( URL_0 ) and pixel-by-pixel try determine a draw a discrete line when 'green becomes blue'. Wherever you draw your line, the pixels directly on either side are going to be nigh on indistinguishable from one another. How then can you say one of these pixels is 'green' on one side, whilst the other is 'blue'? Likewise it is with 'species'. Over long periods of time, a species will gradually morph into something altogether different. When you compare an individual far removed in time from an original individual (at two different 'snapshots' of time), it's obvious they're different species. Just like how a very blue pixel many, many pixels away from a very green pixel is something we can safely say is very blue. But there's isn't a nice 'here is blue, here is green' cut-off on the spectrum, just like there isn't a nice 'here is species A, here is species B' point in time when looking across evolutionary history. And herein lies the confusion. As we lack an easy to understand word to really describe the phenomenon, peeps try to use the term 'species' to describe different populations of organisms with varying gradual degrees of genetic difference as they morph into one another through time, even though we really shouldn't be using it. So to answer your question: an individual from a population of slightly-more-'Denisovian'-ish people bred with an individual from a population of slightly-more-'Neanderthal'-ish people and produced an infant with a good mix of the different-ish genes from both. The confusion comes from us trying to set clear discrete 'unbreakable' boundaries around the 'more-Denisovian-ish' and 'more-Neanderthal-ish' populations when in reality there weren't any. They were just a buncha' apes with slight variations in their genes. By the classic biological definition of species, they simply *weren't* different species after all; we just lack the word, or (judging by the length of my comment) an easy-to-describe concept that sums up the complex genetics going on underneath the hood. I mean, there's a whole [branch of philosophy]( URL_1 ) dedicated to how and why we struggle to categorise things into different entities, when aspects of world aren't neatly categoriseable. **TL;DR:** The word 'species' as most peeps understand it doesn't really apply well in this situation, so no, by that definition the parents weren't actually two different 'species'. Population and evolutionary genetics is complex and nuanced and sadly we kinda' lack the language required to explain it effectively - especially to laymen, the media etc. It all gets a bit confusing and, believe me, plenty of professional biologists don't often 'get it'!


Question: Why do many "bad habits" involve chewing on or picking at our bodies (nails, cuticles, lips, etc.)? Why is this so satisfying and hard to stop when it can be bad for our bodies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do many "bad habits" involve chewing on or picking at our bodies (nails, cuticles, lips, etc.)? Why is this so satisfying and hard to stop when it can be bad for our bodies?

Grooming each other is something primates do. It bonds us together and is comforting to both members. With physical contact being a less acceptable form of socialization, we are probably motivated to recreate the grooming 'program' on ourselves when we're stressed.


Question: Why do (in most cases) our eyes need to be closed for us to be able to sleep? And what happens to people who can sleep with their eyes open?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do (in most cases) our eyes need to be closed for us to be able to sleep? And what happens to people who can sleep with their eyes open?

The physical reason animals sleep with their eyes closed is moisture. Just have a good old staring contest with someone and you will see after only a few minutes your eyes will start to dry out and the urge to blink really kicks in. Now imagine leaving them open for hours straight. As for sleeping with your eyes open, there are risks. If your eyes become too dry "dry spots" can form on the cornea, causing inflammation and over time could lead to a number of eye problems.


Question: Why do digital movies not have chapters to skip to like a DVD would've had?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do digital movies not have chapters to skip to like a DVD would've had?

Because they remember where you were when you stopped watching - DVDs didnt do that back in the day.


Question: How can the NHL (National Hockey League) expand and have 31 teams next season, and have every team play 82 games?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can the NHL (National Hockey League) expand and have 31 teams next season, and have every team play 82 games?

You don't need an even number of teams to play an even number of games. To simplify it, imagine there are 3 teams. Team 1 plays team 2. Then team 1 plays team 3. Finally team 2 plays team 3. Now each team has played eachother and played 2 games despite being an odd number of teams.


Question: what's the difference between software and firmware?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what's the difference between software and firmware?

Firmware is a special kind of software that is permanently stored in non volatile memory in the hardware, such that it is always available. These days the distinction is less than it used to be, in that previously software could only be loaded from some 'external' media (tape, diskette, hard disk etc) but these days with flash and emmc so large and cheap, the distinction is not what it once was. It used to be that Firmware was stored in ROM and software was loaded into RAM - which meant that on reboot the software in RAM disappeared, but with current technology that divide is not as clear as it once was.


Question: Why does refinancing a home loan involve closing fees?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does refinancing a home loan involve closing fees?

The lender still has to put in the work to process that loan. In fact, it's the same work for them as the first time you got the loan. In truth, though, you're right to be annoyed insofar as the price of the fee is in no way tied to the actual cost of processing the transaction anytime a loan is done, it's just an arbitrary fundraiser slapped on by the lender because they can.


Question: Why does combining a high-energy color (blue) with a low-energy color (red) result in an even higher-energy color (purple)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does combining a high-energy color (blue) with a low-energy color (red) result in an even higher-energy color (purple)?

Color tint doesnt have energy on it's own, it absorb an amount of energy from the light received before reflecting it.


Question: how do fire detectives find the start of a large fire? Is it more burnt in that specific area where it started somehow?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do fire detectives find the start of a large fire? Is it more burnt in that specific area where it started somehow?

> is it more burnt That’s a big part of it. If you’re investigating a house fire and you can see that the end of the house where the garage is has been almost completely burned away but the bedroom end is intact, there’s a very good chance that the fire didn’t start in the bedroom. So then you can start investigating what’s left of the garage for an ignition source. Same thing with brush fires. If you’ve got a huge field that burned, absent any wind or changes in fuel density, the origin point will be near the middle of the burned area. If there is wind, you can guess where the origin is based on wind speed and direction.


Question: Why does foamy water appear to be white or cloudy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does foamy water appear to be white or cloudy?

It doesnt change the colour of the water it just scatters the light. Take glass - it is transparent - light goes through without bending. Ground up the glass to make sand -it is now white. Whenever light gets to an interface (water-air, glass-air etc) it bends. Have enough small interfaces and the light bends all over the place, some will go this way and some that way. Same thing happens in clouds, frosted glass.


Question: How does motion activated antiperspirant work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does motion activated antiperspirant work?

The same as regular antiperspirant. It's just marketing. It contains aluminum salts that plug the sweat glands under your arms.


Question: How can we see Venus on the night sky ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can we see Venus on the night sky ?

Venus is always closer to the Sun that Earth is, but Venus is not always in between the Earth and the Sun. If Venus is directly in between or directly behind the Sun, you cannot see it, but if Venus is on the side (in its orbital position), then you will have a great view of Venus during dawn and dusk. Here is a [diagram]( URL_0 ).


Question: How does country get richer through protectionism?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does country get richer through protectionism?

So the idea is that protectionism keeps profits inside your own country. I buy a car from Ford for $20,000, they spent $15,000 to make it, so they earn 5,000 in profit, and because they're an American company, that profit stays in America. I buy a car from Volkswagen for $20,000, they spent 15 to make it, so they earn 5,000 in profit, and that profit goes to Germany, because they're a German company. That sucks for America and is great for Germany. Protectionism could prevent this by putting tariffs on VW cars. VW cars would be more expensive, therefore I'd naturally buy a Ford instead, keeping the profits inside the US. This helps grow American companies too. Let's pretend Ford was an upstart company that just started making cars. For the first few years their cars will be shoddy and more expensive, because the company doesn't have experience and they need to pay off all the debt they acquired starting the company in the first place. Well no one's gonna buy these shoddy expensive cars when there's cheaper high-quality foreign cars they could buy. But if the government slaps a tariff on foreign cars, then American consumers *have* to buy the shoddy more expensive cars. This grows the American company into a mature company that can produce cheap and high-quality cars just like Germany. Then we can remove the tariff and have a free market again. Now, all of this is the *ideal* scenario for protectionism. Sometimes it works like this but sometimes it doesn't and actually makes everything worse. The first big problem with protectionism is *retaliation*. Go back to our previous example about the auto tariff. Germany's not just gonna lie down and take it. They're gonna slap a tariff on *our* products in retaliation. They'll put a tariff on American avocados from California. Oh no! Now most of the avocado companies are out of a business. They were an export-oriented business. So we may have done a favor for the American auto business, but we've done a disservice to the American avocado business. This tit-for-tat can theoretically go on indefinitely, to the common ruin of all. You won't import anything (good), but you won't be able to export anything either (very bad). The second problem is that any sort of cap on the free market like a tariff is essentially a brake on economic efficiency. You're intentionally hobbling yourself. If you put a tariff on foreign cars to force Americans to buy more expensive American cars, well those Americans are that much poorer now. They spent a few extra thousand on a more expensive car, and they now don't have that money to spend on other stuff. This is a deadweight loss to the consumer. Overall and in the long run, these losses *can* be canceled out by the boons protectionism provides to domestic industry which may trickle down to all as high-wage factory jobs or investor dividends or whatever, but in the short run it hurts. So you ask, would it be a disaster if some country from the former Eastern Bloc started to use protectionism. The answer, unsatisfying as it is, is that it depends. For a country like Russia, it would probably be a disaster. Russia is already highly industrialized and would benefit by getting their factories churning again and producing goods for export. Getting into a tariff tit-for-tat for them would be a disaster as they're already a heavily import-reliant economy. Romania was not quite as industrialized, so maybe they could benefit from some protectionism helping them grow their industrial base before they transition to a free-trade economy.


Question: What is electricity and how is it generated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is electricity and how is it generated?

Electricity is fundamentally the flow of electrons. It's the action of electrons moving and the more electrons move, the more powerful the charge (voltage), and the faster they move the more powerful the current (amps). Electricity and magnetism are the same and unified called electromagnetism. Electromagnets are magnets able to turn on and off using electricity. When electricity is run through a very long coiled wire it generates a magnetic field. When you move a magnet around within a magnetic field, you generate electricity. Electric generators and electric motors are essentially the same thing but they're the reverse of each other and sometimes the same device can do both. Turbines have generators at the core and they collect something to spin them. This can be water from a damn or wind from a windmill. The turbines spin and rotate a magnet within the generator and the generator outputs electricity. Electric motors do the opposite by collecting electricity to rotate a magnet.


Question: Why does emotional pain physically hurt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does emotional pain physically hurt?

Heavy emotional pain can actually have a physical response. The stress of emotional trauma can cause your body to shut down in the same way as shock or injury, and even if it doesn't go that far, you still likely have a fight or flight response to it. This has a number of physical effects on your body, from dumping adrenaline into your muscles, to shutting down your digestive system. The vagus nerve that governs a lot of the autonomic functions in your body can trigger spasms in response to this kind of stress, which can lead to cramping, stomach aches, and the feeling of "heartache" that is commonly described by people going through bad emotional times. People also tend to hold themselves differently when they're going through bad times. I know I can pull into myself physically as well as mentally, and that can lead to soreness as the body rebels against the awkward positioning.


Question: What happens to the money taken out of our paychecks for Social Security if Social Security ends/runs out/gets defunded, especially for those who are not of retirement age yet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens to the money taken out of our paychecks for Social Security if Social Security ends/runs out/gets defunded, especially for those who are not of retirement age yet?

Social security is a tax. The taxes of people working are used to pay benefits for the elderly. Your benefits are based on the taxes you paid, up to a maximum amount. But it is still a tax, not a savings plan. If there is not enough revenue to pay for social security benefits, either taxes would be raised, benefits cut, or debt accrued.


Question: - Why and how are babies so strong? What advantage does having a strong core give babies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why and how are babies so strong? What advantage does having a strong core give babies?

This is explained by the square-cube law. In short, strength and durability are proportional to the size squared (X*X) and weight is proportional to the cube of the size (X*X*X) so if you take a human and shrink him proportionally to half size, he will become 4 times weaker but 8 times lighter, so in total it would be twice (8/4) as easy for him to lift his own body. Babies have different proportions and their muscles are less developed, of course, but still they are much smaller than adults so it's easier for them to do these tricks. Babies appear to have lots of strength, but it's realistically only in relation to their size. They are super good at clinging to their parent. Their strength doesn't "go away" as they age, it just doesn't grow proportionally to their size. They do get stronger as they age, but they get a lot heavier too so some of that "innate strength" (and the strength they gain) goes towards just lifting their increased bodyweight rather than feats of strength like holding their legs up easily.


Question: Why we aren't insulated from the ground in common shoes made out of rubber / rubber based materials? What does these shoes have the can conduct electricity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why we aren't insulated from the ground in common shoes made out of rubber / rubber based materials? What does these shoes have the can conduct electricity?

Dry shoes will protect against shocks from household voltages, provided you're not also grounded by touching something with your other hand. Don't try this. They're not resistant enough to stop industrial voltages or lighting. Lightning just arced two miles across open air, a half inch of foam rubber is toast.


Question: why do we cringe when we look at old vids & pics of ourselves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do we cringe when we look at old vids & pics of ourselves?

Because we’re our own harshest critics, we can spot how much we’ve changed or what embarrassing things are hidden in the picture or what embarrassing stories are hidden behind the picture. Someone looking at someone else’s random picture can’t see anything but the picture, when we see our own picture we know what more information.


Question: Why do men feel sick when punched or kicked in the testicles?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do men feel sick when punched or kicked in the testicles?

A good rule of thumb for questions about why the body works in a particular way is to ask, "How would this trait benefit our caveman ancestors?" The ape-man who has 'numb nuts' isn't going to be particularly concerned with protecting them, leading him to whack them as he climbs over a rock, or leave them exposed during a fight, or just plain sit on them. Meanwhile, the ape-man with delicate danglers pays extra attention while climbing over that rock, is careful to guard them in a tussle, and positions them carefully when sitting down. Numb-Nuts' accumulation of testicular injuries leads to decreased sperm count, and he has few, if any, offspring. His competitor, however, has no such trouble, and the genes for temperamental testicles are passed down through the generations and come to dominate the gene pool. TL;DR: It's millions of years of evolution screaming "Those are important, take better care of them!"


Question: Why are so many Americans afraid of terrorism when they are significantly more likely to die from a car accident or obesity related diseases?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are so many Americans afraid of terrorism when they are significantly more likely to die from a car accident or obesity related diseases?

The media makes money off of scaring us to death. Massive advertisers include car companies, booze and fast food. The media doesn't want to lose money by scaring Americans away from their advertisers. They pump up terrorism scares because it largely aligns with Americans general fear of brown people and they won't lose advertising money.


Question: Heavy elements were ejected from the sun when it went supernova at the end of its previous generation. When this ejecta coalesced to form Earth, how did elements of the same type gather together (in the form of ore veins) instead of getting evenly dispersed throughout the Earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Heavy elements were ejected from the sun when it went supernova at the end of its previous generation. When this ejecta coalesced to form Earth, how did elements of the same type gather together (in the form of ore veins) instead of getting evenly dispersed throughout the Earth?

Heavy elements weren’t ejected from our sun, they were part of a star that came before the sun, and were part of the explosion that happened at the end of its life. When those elements coalesced through a combination of gravity and mutual attraction (static) in a new system, most of them fell to the center of the solar system (99%!) and formed the star itself. The little leftover amount formed a [protoplanetary disk]( URL_0 ). These elements went through the same process of gravitational attraction and static attraction to coalesce into smaller bodies that couldn’t under fusion. This process (in the absence of the dusty, protoplanetary disk) is still ongoing, to some extent, because comets and asteroids still hit each other and larger bodies, but for the most part the mass in the solar system is already aggregated. So now that you understand a bit how the planets were formed, we can talk about the heavier metals... Sometimes they are pushed out of the center core of the earth, where the overwhelming majority of Earths heavy metals ended up sinking to when the earth was mostly molten liquids. This happens via tectonic and volcanic action. Sometimes they come from space! An object high in heavier elements and metals hits earth and liquifies on landing, these metals are subsequently stuck on top of the lighter, floating metals because they cool off and solidify before they can sink. Think: a penny sitting on top of an ice cube. It’s also interesting to note the elemental composition of the inner and outer planets are different. The outer planets have much more lighter elements in them, proportionately speaking. edit: cleaned up some spelling errors, added a wiki link.


Question: How do computer bugs affect two people with the exact same set up differently?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do computer bugs affect two people with the exact same set up differently?

Bugs can pop up as a result of specific actions you take in the game, and sometimes random things that happen outside your control. Even though you have the same tech, you aren't taking exactly the same actions at all times, so you can get different results.


Question: How does sunshine bleach fabric and remove stains?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does sunshine bleach fabric and remove stains?

UV radiation breaks down the chemical bonds in pigments. As those molecules break down, they no longer reflect the same wavelengths of light (colors) that they used to, which means the colors aren’t as bright.


Question: We have ways to create mass ammount of heat using chemicals, what about cold?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 We have ways to create mass ammount of heat using chemicals, what about cold?

Cold is nothing, but the absence of heat and not a distinct entity that can be created and has a mind of its own. So, it should be viewed as a baseline state that changes with addition or removal of thermal energy. Said removal happens automatically in nature with rapid dispersion of heat to the environment via infrared radiation mainly and convection and conduction to an extent (gravity tethers us onto other objects to which we will lose heat to if they are colder than us). Places like CERN has to remove the heat manually which is done according to refrigeration/air conditioning principles with a liquid medium being used to transfer heat energy from place A to place B. This is achieved by slowing down of the molecules of air when they “collide” with the slower spinning molecules of the coolant medium (as heat is simply the energy that spins particles of matter faster). In return, the coolant’s particles spin faster following these collisions. If you pump these particles to somewhere else, then the net effect is cooling down of the place that they were removed from. So, there is no “freeze gun” that spews freezing cold magically onto objects, and sci-fi writers would be more scientifically accurate if they replaced it with a “heat removal gun”. Hope this helps.


Question: Why do we feel the physical aspects of emotions in our chest/stomach region (a knot of anger/fear or butterflies in your stomach)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we feel the physical aspects of emotions in our chest/stomach region (a knot of anger/fear or butterflies in your stomach)?

Your body has a fight or flight response. When you are scared or ready to fight, your body gets ready to act. Your heart starts to beat faster, your pupils get bigger to look for predators/enemies, you start to sweat, and your body stops digesting food to save energy for the fight or run. Your body also has a rest and digest response when you feel safe. Your heart rate slows down, your pupils get smaller, your body redirects blood away from your muscles to your gut so you can digest food. You can sleep or you can digest food that you've eaten. Your emotions are sensed in your brain, and impact how these two systems operate. So seeing your crush literally makes your heart race. Anxiety can give you a bad feeling in your gut.


Question: Why do trainers cut the boxer's near the eye or sometimes called bloodletting ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do trainers cut the boxer's near the eye or sometimes called bloodletting ?

When they get hit in the eye hard enough it causes swelling. The swelling can in turn reduce the boxers ability to see. By making the cut it allows blood to escape the sore and helps alleviate the swelling.


Question: Why does it take so much longer to use a phone/laptop's charge than it does to actually charge it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it take so much longer to use a phone/laptop's charge than it does to actually charge it?

The laptop let's say uses about 200mAh of power. Your charger can give to laptops battery 2000mAh of power. Your laptop is power efficient and does not consume more than what charger charges. As battery wears out over time, it will charge quicker and depleet quicker, because capacity is being lost over time and lets you use smaller amount of capacity. Edit: In short, the charger gives way more mass power to phone/laptop than what laptop/phone itself consumes.