Question: Why must phones be turned off at gasoline stations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why must phones be turned off at gasoline stations?

There was a fear of exploding cellphone batteries igniting the gas fumes. Most people ignore it because the chance of it happening is actually quite low.


Question: What does it mean that we share 60% of our DNA with Bananas and Chickens?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean that we share 60% of our DNA with Bananas and Chickens?

There is some merit to that 60% statistic, but it's not the whole truth. First, it's important to understand the difference between DNA and protein products. DNA is like the blueprint, and proteins are the actual creations, all the bits and pieces that make organisms work. Cell walls, mitochondria, etc. The second thing to keep in mind is that genes, which are the regions of the DNA that code for these proteins, only make up 2 percent of your DNA. For the 60% statistics' source, scientists compared the genes of a banana to human genes. About 60 percent of our genes have a recognizable counterpart in the banana genome. Not 60% of DNA, but 60% of gene products. This still may sound shocking, but it really isn't. These genes encode the basic functions that keep plants and animals alive, like consuming oxygen. You share 50 percent of your DNA with each of your parents. But with bananas, we share about 50 percent of our genes, which turns out to be only about 1% of our DNA. And we pretty much share at least 1% of our DNA with all living things. [source]( URL_0 )


Question: What does this helium shortage mean? Can we make more? Isn’t it important?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does this helium shortage mean? Can we make more? Isn’t it important?

In order: It will mean that we can't run things like the LHC, MRIs, and other machines that needs to be super-cold or have extremely strong magnets. We also can't do certain sorts of studies on physics. We can't make it, because it only comes from nuclear decay. We happen to get it when we harvest natural gas, but much of it is lost to space in that process. It's very important, but also very hard to store. There's only one storage facility in the US that stores it with no loss to space. The only way we could start making it is though fusion, which is a long way off and would probably involve those super-strong magnets again. So right now, the best thing to do would be to lobby the government to stop wasting our strategic supply on stuff. Also, no more Macy's Thanksgiving day parade and party balloons (though there is an ~~mildly insane~~ alternative plan to fill them with hydrogen). But we really need to government's help to store it, because they control a majority of the supply.


Question: If identical twins share the same DNA, why do their fingerprints differ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If identical twins share the same DNA, why do their fingerprints differ?

Fingerprints are not genetic. Fingerprints, from my understanding, are formed from the pressure in the amnionic fluic meaning that fingerprints are developed regardless of genetics. Edit: for a more in-depth answer, read the one provided by u/1phenylpropan-2amine


Question: Why does the audio of a fast forwarded video go high pitch?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the audio of a fast forwarded video go high pitch?

The pitch of a sound is determined by how fast the vibrations in the air are. When you produce a high-pitch sound, you are producing very fast vibrations, and when you produce a low pitch sound, you are producing slower vibrations. When you speed a video up, you naturally also speed up the vibrations within the sound that everyone is making, which causes those sounds to become more high-pitched.


Question: When people say that if another solar system were to look at us via telescope of some sort in the present, that they would see dinosaurs. What exactly do they mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When people say that if another solar system were to look at us via telescope of some sort in the present, that they would see dinosaurs. What exactly do they mean?

The last dinosaurs are believed to have lived 65 million years ago. When you see something it's really light bouncing off of it and hitting your eyes. The light that bounced off of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago has traveled 65 million light years. If the solar system in question is 65 million light-years away, that light bouncing off the last dinosaur is just now reaching the solar system to be seen right now.


Question: How do applications like Timehop show what texts I've sent years ago, even if I've changed phone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do applications like Timehop show what texts I've sent years ago, even if I've changed phone?

The app is remembering, rather than the phone. They likely store all of your messages on a big server somewhere.


Question: Why is it that hyperthermia causes irreversible death, while people are cryogenically frozen in an attempt to preserve consciousness for future revival? Would it not have the same effects?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that hyperthermia causes irreversible death, while people are cryogenically frozen in an attempt to preserve consciousness for future revival? Would it not have the same effects?

It has the same effect. No human has been revived after being cryogenically frozen. People just hope that in the future there will be technology that can revive them.


Question: Is Australia the continent, or is Oceania? What's the difference?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is Australia the continent, or is Oceania? What's the difference?

Australia and Oceania are different places. It is confusing, because Australia the country lies in Australia the continent. Oceania is a place full of islands, made up of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. There are islands that are part of the country of Australia, just like there are islands that are part of the United States (aka Hawaii), in Oceania.


Question: How do we know nothing can go faster than light?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know nothing can go faster than light?

No, something being FTL would not be invisible. However, it would only be seen at a location when it arrived, or by a nearby observer after it had passed. At that point, the observer would see two images of the object, the arriving image playing out backwards, and the passing image playing out normally. It would appear quite unusual. Similarly, something being faster than sound doesn't mean it can't be heard, although you wouldn't hear it till it arrived. You'd then hear the preceding sound 'backwards' as it caught up, and overlapping any following sound if it continued on.


Question: How does a government nationalise an industry?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a government nationalise an industry?

BT is a public company so in theory the government can buy enough shares and force a hostile takeover. Many companies have little choice with nationalisation as the alternative is often liquidation. In these cases the owners would sell the business and its liabilities for a token amount (usually £1) and the government would take ownership of all assets and debts. BT is a heavily regulated business anyway so it wouldn't be too much of a reach to legislate some form of additional tax and government board seats that would effectively place ownership of BT in the government hands. Finally its the government. They have an army so can basically do what they like. After all if the last 3 years has taught us anything parliament is sovereign. Tbh though I'm not even sure he can force much through under EU Laws.


Question: How is it we are able to still eat sugary/sweet foods after feeling completely full?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it we are able to still eat sugary/sweet foods after feeling completely full?

Your stomach expands when it expects glucose because it is the most readily available energy source. Evolutionary thing we developed. Basically you can store the fat from other foods and use the immediate energy from sugar.


Question: Other than really thorny philosophical discussions (fractal self-similarity has interesting applications to philosophy) and a sensible way to explain away what is often dismissed as "experimental error," of what tangible/practical value is study in chaos theory?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Other than really thorny philosophical discussions (fractal self-similarity has interesting applications to philosophy) and a sensible way to explain away what is often dismissed as "experimental error," of what tangible/practical value is study in chaos theory?

Well, lots of real physical systems exhibit chaotic behavior. For example, weather. So, studying chaos theory can help us understand how those things work.


Question: What happens when a country goes bankrupt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens when a country goes bankrupt?

Context very much matters. In this case, let's say a country is claiming bankruptcy and zeroing debts that it's supposed to pay back. Outside of the eurozone there's no international governing body with any actual enforcement ability, so it's all really just a gentlemen's agreement. If they can print your own money like the US, they'll usually do that before bouncing a check. Assuming this is kept in reason, a little inflation today is still better than the "no debt ever again" shitstorm that comes from screwing over your lenders. Taxes and other economic plays can deflate things back to normal assuming the country fixes it's core problems. But that virtually never happens. Instead they usually pull a stunt like the UAE did and simply announce to their lenders that they're never going to make those payments and that they're super sorry about that. Everyone that invested with them loses their money and has virtually no legal claim to a refund because the government isn't going to sue itself on behalf of a foreigner. At that point, the only real restitution they'll ever get is through both countries state departments sending very angry emails to each other until someone declares war, which in this day and age probably means the start of WWIII. Since there's no happy ending there, odds are the Investor's state department will tell the investor that they're super sorry that he got fucked. If the country is within the Eurozone, they can't just print money, and are also beholden to the Eurozone treaty so they can't "just" walk away from their debts. When someone like Greece goes bankrupt, the value of a Euro goes down, hurting the German economy. In some cases, it's better to just prop up the Greek economy and tell them to get their shit together, and enforce some stipulations to that bailout check through EU courts. Others think it would be better to cut them out altogether, but nobody even knows what that looks like (see; Brexit).


Question: Why some places on Earth are deserts or have a hot desert climate, despite having nearby large body/s of water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why some places on Earth are deserts or have a hot desert climate, despite having nearby large body/s of water?

In large parts, this is because the air in the Sahara usually does not come from any adjacent place. It comes from above. The areas around the equator get the most energy from the sun and are therefore the hottest places on Earth. (Yes, the Amazon is quite a bit hotter than the Sahara, once you account for night temperatures). Hot air rises. Higher elevation means lower air pressure. So, while the air rises, its pressure falls, and this in turn means that its temperature also falls. Think about how, when a diesel engine compresses the air-fuel-mixture, this heats the fuel up to the point that it ignits by itself. Air rising in the atmosphere and therefore getting colder is the same physical effect, just in reverse. Which leads to the next effect: Cold air can not holf as much humidity as hot air. This means that while the air cools, the humidity changes into water droplets, which fall down as rain. As a lot of rain. Actually, there is so much rain that many of the areas around the equator are known as "rainforests". So now there is a lot of dry air in the upper atmosphere. This air has to come down again at some other place, and this other place happens to be around the 30°N and 30°S latutudes. Now there are of course also other factors to consider, like mountain ranges, but this is the reason why most of the dry areas in the world are located around those latitudes - the Sahara, Saudi-Arabia, Namibia, Australia, Patagonia, Northern Mexico/Texas/Nevada - are located around those latotudes, and almost none around the equator.


Question: Why do digital cameras and lenses range in price from under $100 to tens of thousands, and at what price point are there diminished returns (for the average person's eye)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do digital cameras and lenses range in price from under $100 to tens of thousands, and at what price point are there diminished returns (for the average person's eye)?

* Build quality * Image sensors and processing capabilities (you need processing power to encode video, for example) which can affect video recording capabilities, image resolution and quality, color calibration features, etc * Lenses. A $100 camera is going to have a fixed lens. DSLRs are almost always $400+, usually $600+ and let you swap out lenses which produce a vastly superior picture when you're using the right lens for a situation and know what you're doing. What's the price point at which you start experiencing dimininishing returns? Depends on your definition of "Average person". Your average person doesn't own a dedicated camera and uses a smartphone which is good enough for day to day use. What it really lacks is performance in low light, lack of optical zoom, lack of fine, true (as in not software-based) control over stuff like ISO, fstop, shutter speed. Most people are fine enough with this to not spend $500+ on a single purpose device that can't fit in their pocket. Your average photo enthusiast that wants a dedicated camera is likely to be looking at an entry level (~$500-600) or mid range ($700-900) DSLR. A mid-range DSLR will probably do for some professional purposes as well.


Question: How does the map of Pangea even slightly esemble the current shapes of all the continents?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the map of Pangea even slightly esemble the current shapes of all the continents?

> I mean It's not like a piece of land broke off and floated away? Dude.. that IS what happened. I usually give descriptive answers to stuff I know about, but for you I'd recommend reading up more on Pangaea\* and tectonic plates. Also, tectonic plates are not liquid (or else we'd be floating instead of standing/sitting) and since solids don't change shapes that erratically, you'd expect the shapes of most landmasses being similar atleast near the places where 2 plates didn't crash head on. Where there WAS head on crashing, you can see changed shapes and mountain ranges - like the Himalayas


Question: Why does the tension in tennis racquet strings reduces over time? Why does the strings disorient while hitting the ball?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the tension in tennis racquet strings reduces over time? Why does the strings disorient while hitting the ball?

They get stretched beyond the maximum elasticity threshold and get permanently deformed. If you see a slow mo of a racquet hitting a tennis ball, the force is insanely high


Question: Why does it hurt so much to get kicked in the balls?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it hurt so much to get kicked in the balls?

Evolutionarily, our whole purpose in life is to live long enough to raise children, our genes don’t really care what happens after that. Our entire pain/reward system has been tweaked to this purpose. You ate? Good job, here is some dopamine. You skinned your knee? Bad job, that could get infected and kill you have some pain. Based on this logic, pretty much the worst thing you could do is damage your ability to reproduce, so your balls are absolutely packed with nerve endings that will send intense pain signals to your brain if they sense injury, because losing your reproductive ability is equally as bad as death.


Question: Why is it so difficult for games to support a large amount of users on the screen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so difficult for games to support a large amount of users on the screen?

Because raw speed isn't everything. The latency between you and the server, the servers upload rate and the other players ping is important as is packet loss and the games engine may have limitations in displaying too many people causing it to chug and send information more slowly.


Question: Why can’t people crack AES 256 encryption if they know the type of encryption it is?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can’t people crack AES 256 encryption if they know the type of encryption it is?

Imagine a combination lock...knowing that there are 3 numbers in the combination doesn't tell you what those numbers *are*, so it doesn't help you open the lock. 256 bit encryption is kind of like that, but better. There are 256 numbers to guess, and each one could be many different things. The fastest super computers on earth would still need millions of years to crack it just by guessing.


Question: Why do areas in the same latitude have vastly different climates?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do areas in the same latitude have vastly different climates?

The UK is further north than Newfoundland yet has a much milder maritime climate and average yearly temperature of around 10°C. The reason for this is oceanic currents. In the case of the UK, the Gulf Stream brings warm water from the Gulf of Mexico all the way to the coast of Ireland and Britain. This has a significant warming effect on the climate in that area. This also applies to most of the rest of Western Europe, which has a much milder climate than other similarly located latitudes.


Question: why do alcoholic drinks taste better aged?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do alcoholic drinks taste better aged?

Vodka is not an aged drink. Wine gains flavor from allowing the organic molecules react over time. They form different, more subtle flavors as they age. Whiskey is much more alcoholic, and aging alone doesn't do much. However, they're aged in wood barrels (depends on type of whiskey to determine age and barrel types), and they pull lots of flavor from the wood. They also get their color from the wood; whiskey is naturally clear before aging. Note: Some wines are also barrel-aged, which adds complexity. For other types of alcohols: Gin is not aged. Tequila can be not aged (silver) or various levels of aged (gold, añejo, etc). Rum can be not aged (silver), spiced with various spices, barrel-aged, etc.


Question: why do the see streaks from jets I see stop midair? Where do they go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do the see streaks from jets I see stop midair? Where do they go?

The steaks only form in specific conditions, usually found at a certain height. Once the plane drops below that height, the trails stop appearing.


Question: How can people tell if the tide is coming in or going out just by looking?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can people tell if the tide is coming in or going out just by looking?

If you spend enough time around the ocean you can tell the difference. The behavior of the water changes on whether the tide is rising or falling; if the tide is going out there will appear to be more force going out when a wave approaches, rip currents will be stronger, things like that. Once you're used to it the texture of the water is a dead giveaway. Plus other factors like high water marks Source: I surf a lot


Question: How did the maker of the first clock know what time to set the clock to?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did the maker of the first clock know what time to set the clock to?

Clocks were first set with High noon. When the sun was directly overhead. This meant that virtually every town (and even personal clock) had a slightly different time. Standardized time like we use was not implemented till the 1800s and it was done for the better efficiency of the railroad.


Question: Why does the second derivative test tell us if a certain x-value is a max or a min?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the second derivative test tell us if a certain x-value is a max or a min?

The first derivative indicates the change in the function - positive derivative means the function is rising, negative means it is falling. The second derivative indicates the change in the first derivative - positive 2nd derivative means that the 1st derivative is rising, etc. If we have a local extremum, we want to know whether the function changes from rising to falling (indicating this is a local max) or from falling to rising (indicating this is a local min). "Rising to falling" means that the 1st derivative has changed from positive to negative, which means that the 1st derivative is also falling, meaning that the 2nd derivative is negative. Therefore is the 2nd derivative is negative, the point is a local max. Similarly, if the 2nd derivative is positive, this means that the 1st derivative is rising, meaning that it has changed from negative to positive, so the function changes from falling to rising, ergo so the point is a local min.


Question: Why do people inject themselves with oil? How does this make your muscles bigger??

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people inject themselves with oil? How does this make your muscles bigger??

It makes their muscle look bigger, because they made it swollen with liquid. The body has some ways of removing excess liquids, but that takes time. It doesn't actually make them stronger. It is also bad for you.


Question: Why does cold water help burns?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does cold water help burns?

There's a few reasons that cold water is recommended for burns. First, depending on the burn and what caused it, there can be ongoing damage occurring- kind of like how scrambled eggs keep cooking for a bit even after you take them out of the pan; residual heat can still be doing harm after you've moved away from the source of the damage. If you were burned by something other than direct heat, like an acid, chemical or other damaging material, the water can help remove any traces remaining, **DEPENDING ON THE CHEMICAL**. You may want to *avoid* water in some situations, but that's usually going to be in scenarios where you should be trained and wearing safety gear. Additionally, cold water helps soothe the pain by numbing it. Also, it can help reduce and prevent immediate swelling.


Question: How do Space Agencies like NASA simulate antigravity training for astronauts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do Space Agencies like NASA simulate antigravity training for astronauts?

Mostly in a giant pool, but also in parabolic flights (high arcing flight paths that free fall for enough time to do a bit of zero-gravity training).


Question: Do cell phone companies limit/throttle data because there actually is a bandwidth shortage, or is it a cash grab?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do cell phone companies limit/throttle data because there actually is a bandwidth shortage, or is it a cash grab?

The incentive to throttle bandwidth is 1) Generally to ensure everyone using the network has a decent speed 2) To try to limit the growth of data usage. There is only so much data that can be passed through a antenna/radio. The limits are simply physics. Typically, the higher the frequency, the more data per unit time can be transferred. The downside being higher frequencies do not travel as far, nor do they penetrate buildings nearly as well. As more and more people use data more and more intensively, there comes a point when no one can use anything effectively. If you have ever shared wifi, you know what happens. Someone is watching a HD stream, meanwhile, the total available remaining bandwidth is reduced. The two most common solutions are adding more frequencies used (ie adding more data channel). This is very expensive as new antennae must be installed, new radios added (very expensive on their own), etc. And each frequency has its own quirks. The second option is adding more towers to a network. Which is far more expensive then adding equipment. As well, while the cost of data falls every week for cellular providers, they must balance extracting every last dollar they can from their customers against providing effective service to those same customers. If your provider gave truest unlimited data, even for a high price, very soon everyone would start using more data. Eventually this causes everyone on a tower to have download speed issues, as there simply is no room left within the spectrum for data transmission. This is why cell company's deploy temporary cell sites at large festivals. Otherwise there network gets slammed, no one can send a text, let alone place a call and everyone gets angry at their phones. The cell companies are currently undergoing a massive upgrade. Several (several!!!) new frequencies are being added. Source: I work in the industry. Also, if you are not afraid of working at heights, willing to work away from home (a lot), you should consider a career change. The industry is booming and a lot of places are having manpower shortages. Plus the pay is good. God bless overtime. Source: Overworked guy dealing with industry wide labor shortages.


Question: Water powered engine. Why is not considered a viable option inspite of so so much research?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Water powered engine. Why is not considered a viable option inspite of so so much research?

Water doesn't contain (easily accessible) energy. Water fuelcells *output* water as exhaust gas and use hydrogen as a fuel. Hydrogen is a gas. Putting it into a regular diesel engine would just have it escape through the smallest cracks. It's also more efficient to turn hydrogen to electricity in a fuel cell and then run an electrical engine with that power (wich is also true for diesel, but only for bigger engines like ships or goldmine dumbtrucks)


Question: Why cant we copy the text from an image file through notepad then paste and save as image file and not get the original image?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why cant we copy the text from an image file through notepad then paste and save as image file and not get the original image?

Notepad is a text editor. When you open a file that isn't text Notepad does its best to try to display it but it doesn't always work; there are many bytes that don't code to anything as far as Notepad is concerned. When you paste/save, Notepad doesn't know how to deal with all the non-text stuff and you don't get a perfect copy. If you opened the file in a binary editor that directly reads the binary code (typically as hexadecimal, 0-9/A-F), then you can do exactly what you're describing.


Question: - why do the bubble in Guinness look like they’re going down?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - why do the bubble in Guinness look like they’re going down?

Actually they do go down. The bubbles in the center of the glass move up, creating a flow of the beer sort of like a hurricane. It’s shaped like a donut and the bubbles on the outside are pulled down and then into the center where they rise and form that awesome creamy beer head.


Question: why are cannabis company’s stocks so bad?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are cannabis company’s stocks so bad?

Because when cannabis was legalized in many states, way too many companies jumped on the bandwagon and started cannabis companies. Now, a couple years later, most are going under because there isn't enough business to support them all. Here in my state of Oregon, we have whole huge farms that have gone bankrupt and left their crops of pot dying and walked away. There has also been a ton of issues with cannabis companies accepting anything other than cash. Since pot is not legal at a federal level, banks can't process their transactions since they are federal entities.


Question: Why do they say you aren't contagious if you don't have a fever? Don't you still have germs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do they say you aren't contagious if you don't have a fever? Don't you still have germs?

Contrary to what some people say, you can absolutely spread a contagious illness without a fever. For instance, many people can have the common cold without a fever, yet they still have a runny nose, aches, and coughs. The general rule of thumb, however, is that you are contagious when you start showing symptoms. Your body will do some crazy things to get rid of the germs, and you experience these crazy things through symptoms. Sneezing, coughing, vomiting, etc. are all the body's ways to fight the germs in the body. A fever makes the germs weaker by raising your body temperature and is one of the first symptoms to appear if you have a contagious illness. More symptoms will generally follow a fever, and this is why it can be said that if you have a fever, you can put others at risk with symptoms that will soon develop.


Question: What is the difference between a monitors refresh rate and its response time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between a monitors refresh rate and its response time?

Refresh rate is measured in a unit called 'hertz'. Hertz (Hz) is the frequency per second that an electrical signal oscilates. When it comes to monitors, the refresh rate is measured by how many times the screen will refresh per second. Most monitors will refresh at a rate of least 60Hz, which means that the screen will be redrawn 60 times every second. The higher the refresh rate the more often the screen refreshes. Higher refresh rates are helpful in situations where the screen is displaying content that is moving quickly. A common example would be a first person shooter game, like Call of Duty. This can lead to image anomalies, like tearing. Tearing occurs when the computer's video card is sending data to the monitor faster than the monitor can refresh. You wind up with cases where parts of the screen are displaying part of one frame, while another part of the screen are displaying a part of a different frame. See the link for an example of tearing. URL_0 Response time is the measurement of the time it takes between when the monitor's circuit board receives an image update from the computer and when that image is drawn on the display. The lower the response time, the less you have to worry about a phenomenon known as "ghosting". Ghosting occurs when the monitor is not fast enough to keep up with the information coming from the computer. You wind up with a situation where the monitor will be displaying portions of multiple image frames. It will appear as though the screen is trying to show two or more different images at the same time. This reduces image fidelity and is generally undesirable in any type of gaming or video playback. It tends to occur most in situations like when you are playing a game and turn around really fast. See the link for an example of ghosting. URL_1 Generally, this isn't as much of an issue today as it was about 10 years ago when LCD monitors were first coming to market. Back then it wasn't unusual to have monitors featuring a 12-15 millisecond (ms) response time. Couple that with a 50-60 Hz refresh rate and you have a recipe for very poor picture quality in fast moving scenes. Today though, most monitors' response times are 5 ms or less and refresh rates are 60-75 Hz or higher, sometimes as high as 240 Hz. There are specialized technologies in many computer monitors today that take this one step further. G-Sync (from NVidia) and Freesync (typically used by AMD) both force the monitor to communicate with the computer's graphics card so that they synchronize delivery of image data with the monitor's refresh rate. This virtually eliminates ghosting, tearing and other undesireable image anomalies.


Question: What is an elementary function?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is an elementary function?

The elementary functions are a set of well known functions such as powers of x, roots of x, exponentials, trigonometric functions and their inverses, and most importantly any combinations of them, for example e^sinx + x^(2). Non elementary functions are those that can't be written like that. For example if I define the function: f(x) = 1 if x is rational and f(x) = 0 otherwise Then f is a non elementary function. This function has a specific name - Dirichlet function - but most non elementary functions don't have a name or an easy way to describe them.


Question: Calculus- What is the significance of the second derivative's notation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Calculus- What is the significance of the second derivative's notation?

thats because y is the function and you are deriving it with respect to x. think of first derivatives they are d/dx (y) second derivative is d/dx d/dx (y)


Question: How do scientists know CO2 levels and weather patterns from thousands of years ago?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do scientists know CO2 levels and weather patterns from thousands of years ago?

One way to get it is from ice cores. You go somewhere like Antarctica. Antarctica is a desert. For being covered in ice, it's actually incredibly dry. That means as you drill deeper into the ice to get ice cores (to collect the air from that era that is trapped in the ice), you don't have to go very deep (it's not getting snow constantly piled onto it deeper and deeper). & #x200B; You can open up these ice cores and use a mass spectrometer to determine the concentration of the gases in the atmosphere back then.


Question: How do music producers use samples from other songs without having to pay that artist?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do music producers use samples from other songs without having to pay that artist?

You can ask and get permission to use it from the owner. Either for free or for a fee, its up to the owner. They may even say no. It's their choice. Otherwise, you can just use them and hope you don't get your ass sued to the ground. But unless you're having a really big hit, the chance of getting sued and having to deal with it is pretty low. Its quite common for no-name artists to just use clips and samples and not give a shit. As an interesting example to no-name artists. A lot of 90s industrial bands would have entire songs that were full of movie clips, samples, and all sorts of that stuff. But they were so small bands and songs, that no one ever bothered to care they were using someone else's stuff.


Question: How is nearly every book on display a New York Times Bestseller?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is nearly every book on display a New York Times Bestseller?

The NYT Bestseller List is a weekly list, so there are 52 chances for a book to hit #1 in any given year, and 1300 chances for a book to merely **appear** on the list (25 books per week on average, 52 weeks). And studies have shown that people are more likely to purchase books that have appeared on the NYT Bestseller List, so storefronts are going to be more likely to prominently display those books in order to grab the eye of a consumer.


Question: how come the ground absorbs water, but doesn't absorb blood?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how come the ground absorbs water, but doesn't absorb blood?

Blood is made up of water and larger objects suspended in water, the ground will absorb the water, but generally the larger items will remain on the surface.


Question: what's the purpose of electronically signing on a credit purchase especially when most signatures are not the person's actual signature or lazy scribble that doesn't resemble letters and In what ways are they used?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what's the purpose of electronically signing on a credit purchase especially when most signatures are not the person's actual signature or lazy scribble that doesn't resemble letters and In what ways are they used?

There is zero security in a signature. No one checks them, and only a very few are able to detect what is a genuine signature and what isn't. The best they can do is provide evidence if the holder of a card who did a transaction tries to charge it back. Then the recording of the signature can be verified by real experts, or, more importantly, video of them signing for the transaction produced in court to support a fraud charge. Similarly, the record of a fraudulent signature will be an extra fraud charge if they catch someone who uses someone else's card.


Question: What is the point of options?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the point of options?

> I understand that buying an option gives you the right to sell *Certain types* of options that is. Some give you the right to purchase stocks at a certain price in the future for example. > the right to sell a certain stock at the strike price, but what is the point of this? If the current price of the stock on the open market is less than the strike price of the option, then you can purchase the stock and sell it immediately at a higher price while pocketing the difference. The point is you make money. > How can you profit from guessing right Beyond the obvious situation explained above, options are also useful for something called "hedging". Basically they are mechanisms to avoid risk. If you are in a situation where you want to potentially profit from a stock you own going up in price but if it went below a certain price it would be disastrous, you could purchase an option to sell at a price just above that point. Now the maximum amount of money you could lose from the stock value changing is limited. > is there any advantages to options that stocks don't have? Again, in addition to the above situation of hedging you could potentially trade in options without tying a lot of money up owning stocks themselves. For example if we consider the situation where you purchase the option to sell at a certain price, betting that the stock will reduce in value, you don't have to keep a bunch of money invested in owning the stocks themselves in the interim. All you spend is purchasing the option and that is going to be far less than the cost of the stocks themselves.


Question: Why does THC in edibles take around an hour to have noticeable affects on the body, but caffeine acts almost instantaneously?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does THC in edibles take around an hour to have noticeable affects on the body, but caffeine acts almost instantaneously?

Caffeine is water soluble. That is it dissolves in water. THC is not, it is fat soluble. Water soluble chemicals can move from the GI tract into the blood stream much faster than non water soluble chemicals. Many water soluble chemicals such as alcohol and caffeine can actually pass right though the stomach wall right into the blood stream. THC on the other hand will need to get to the small intestine before it can be absorbed.


Question: Why does garbage/trash always have a similar smell even if it consists of different things every time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does garbage/trash always have a similar smell even if it consists of different things every time?

Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why does garbage always smell the same? ]( URL_0 ) 1. [Why does all garbage have the same overall smell? ]( URL_4 ) 1. [ELI5: Why does garbage have that distinct "garbage smell", seemingly regardless of what's in it? ]( URL_1 ) 1. [ELI5: Why does garbage have a distinct smell when it's such a large variety of waste items? ]( URL_2 ) 1. [ELI5: Why every garbage dumpster smells the same? ]( URL_3 )


Question: What are beam forming microphones and how do they work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are beam forming microphones and how do they work?

Beamforming microphones are microphones designed to listen for sound from a specific direction. This is done by comparing the sound received by various microphones in slightly different places to separate the "noise" from what you're listening for.


Question: How do lofi hip hop channels on youtube stream 24/7?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do lofi hip hop channels on youtube stream 24/7?

They have a large list of songs in a playlist and they are usually played in random order. Being one of their frequent listeners (rip studying girl from Wolf Children), I’ll can confirm that the songs will be repeated eventually. You can also check the description for the link to the song list on Spotify.


Question: Recently I saw a video where a zebra tries to drown the offspring of a rival male. How are animals in the wild able to tell the difference between their offspring and others’?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Recently I saw a video where a zebra tries to drown the offspring of a rival male. How are animals in the wild able to tell the difference between their offspring and others’?

The truth is, we really don't know for certain. It's kind of a drag really, not being able to just directly ask them. It also almost certainly varies because animals perceive the world differently based on their species. Some rely heavily on sound while others use smell as a primary sense. Do some babies smell different? Sound different? I'm sure there's some primary literature out there where researchers tried to control for the five senses and see if fathers could still recognize their offspring: coat them in a strongly-smelling substance or put them behind glass so they can't hear or smell them at all. It would be an interesting experiment. Many mammals *can* definitely recognize each other just as we humans do, and there are some species where females routinely mate with multiple males. I believe the theory behind that just boils down to a female trying to trick all males in the area into thinking her kids might be theirs so they don't kill them when they run into a female they know they've mated with. Everyone wins.


Question: Why aren't noise cancelling headphones as effective in cancelling high pitch sounds as their in cancelling low pitch sounds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why aren't noise cancelling headphones as effective in cancelling high pitch sounds as their in cancelling low pitch sounds?

The way noise cancelling works is that it has a microphone pick up some noise and then a speaker produce that noise phase shifted 180 degrees. The resulting waveforms precisely cancel out. However, the microphone can only pick up the noise as it's passing by and there's a delay before it can generate the phase-shifted sound. This means that you have to 'guess' what the future will hold in some sense. High frequency waves embed more information and shift more often, meaning it's a lot harder to make guesses about them than low frequency waves.


Question: Why has a country such as England not adopted "no fault divorce"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why has a country such as England not adopted "no fault divorce"?

We kinda are doing, but this Brexit thing is taking up all of the parliamentary time. [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 )


Question: What is illegal about banking offshore such as professional footballers banking in tax havens?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is illegal about banking offshore such as professional footballers banking in tax havens?

Wealthy people stash money in foreign accounts or fake companies to avoid paying taxes on it. The idea is to route the money out of the country before the government finds out about it, keep in in a country that doesn't require banks to share account information with authorities, then lie about how much money was earned. There are also legitimate reasons to have bank accounts in other countries and it is not illegal to do so. The crime is using them for tax evasion.


Question: Does carbonated water act as a better solvent than regular tap water? Why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does carbonated water act as a better solvent than regular tap water? Why?

Carbonated water is more acidic. Carbonated water is made by adding a lot of Carbon Dioxide to Water. The Carbon Dioxide combines with Water to make Carbonic Acid.


Question: If bugs are attracted to bright lights, why don’t they fly towards the sun during the day?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If bugs are attracted to bright lights, why don’t they fly towards the sun during the day?

They’re not naturally attracted to lights; they evolved to use the Sun and Moon for navigation. When they fly past an artificial light source, their tiny brains think they’re off-course, and they turn towards the light to compensate.


Question: What's with left brain controlling the right side of the body and vice versa?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's with left brain controlling the right side of the body and vice versa?

Well, it doesn't. There are two factors at play. The old explanation was that the brain controlled the opposite limbs but recent research shows that the brain is perfectly capable, and often does, coordinate ipsilateral. URL_0 This also dives into triune brain theory which no one really believes anymore, that thing got pop scienced and now everyone says 'reptillian brain' as if it is gospel because it makes sense. As we constantly discover about the brain and nervous system, the simple explanation that makes sense is usually very wrong.


Question: why we can't just siphon the excess CO2 causing global warming out of our atmosphere and into space?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why we can't just siphon the excess CO2 causing global warming out of our atmosphere and into space?

So far, every method of dealing with CO2, whether siphoning it off into space or capturing it, takes more energy and thus creates more CO2 than it gets rid of.


Question: Why do the flight crew insist on all windows being open during take off and landing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do the flight crew insist on all windows being open during take off and landing?

Most emergencies occur during take off and landing. Having open windows allows crew to quickly assess outdoor situations or plan escape routes. It can help passengers be acclimated to lighting in case it's a very sunny day and they have to exit the plane. It also helps ground crew see into the airplane


Question: why do phone batteries drain much faster in cold weather?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do phone batteries drain much faster in cold weather?

The problem is not that they drain faster, but I believe it is the fact that the voltage drops with temperature, the phone interprets it as a very rapid discharge. If it is cold enough it might even refuse to turn on, but after reaching normal operating conditions it boots back up with the correct percentage shown


Question: What is the difference between good and bad sugars?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between good and bad sugars?

Sugar is sugar. In a high activity state sugar is good because the energy it provides is easily accessible. The sugar is fruit is fructose, and is actually thought to be worse than other monosaccharides (sugars made from only 1 molecule) as it causes problems with the pancreas in large amounts over a long period. The difference is that candy is essentially just sugar. Fruit contains fiber, vitamins, antioxidants, etc. A study (I'll see if I can find it) tested two groups, one drinking fruit juice pressed from fresh, and a second group who ate the equivalent amount of the same fruit. They found massive blood sugar spikes in the juice group, bit no change at all in the whole-fruit group. This is due to the fiber, it essentially acts as a funnel, tapering how quickly the sugar enters your system.


Question: How did we know what different bodily organs do prior to the last century? Did we really discover a huge amount of medical knowledge in the early half of the 20th century? And what led to this explosion of knowledge?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did we know what different bodily organs do prior to the last century? Did we really discover a huge amount of medical knowledge in the early half of the 20th century? And what led to this explosion of knowledge?

The general function of many individual organs had been pretty well understood since late antiquity. Early "doctors" examined plenty of injured soldiers and laborers and documented what they saw and what the symptoms were when that organ got damaged. Organs that deal with harder to visualize body chemistry had to wait until chemical analytics really took off in the mid 1800s. The big change in the late 1800s/early 1900s was sterilization. Suddenly people stopped dying horribly after surgery attempts and a lot of things we already knew *should* work could finally be put to use without just killing everyone with severe infections.