Question: what makes our ears ‘clog’ in high altitudes and what makes them pop by yawning?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what makes our ears ‘clog’ in high altitudes and what makes them pop by yawning?

When you go from a lower altitude to a higher altitude, the ambient air pressure decreases. Because the air inside of your eardrum is semi-trapped (you can clear them) it expands as you go higher and puts pressure on the eardrum. When you yawn/chew/etc it helps open up the eustachian tubes that go from the backside of your eardrum to your throat and equalize the pressure. Source: I have 2200+ skydives and had to clear my ears a lot.


Question: Why is there a residual taste of the fizzy drink it contained (e.g. Mountain Dew) when reusing rinsed plastic bottles for the first few times?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there a residual taste of the fizzy drink it contained (e.g. Mountain Dew) when reusing rinsed plastic bottles for the first few times?

Same reason tupperware becomes semi-permanently stained by tomato sauce, plastic is permeable to an extent (which varies depending on the type of plastic and molecules it's being exposed to), artificial flavouring molecules are absorbed into the plastic during the time it's in contact with a highly saturated solution (the soda) then released when it comes in contact with a less saturated solution (the water)


Question: How can CEOs of large corporations run them into financial ruin, but get super-wealthy in the process? Why are they not paid based on company performance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can CEOs of large corporations run them into financial ruin, but get super-wealthy in the process? Why are they not paid based on company performance?

Ah, one of the tricky ones. Well, CE's are paid based on company performance however the metrics used focus on quarterly results which encourage exec's to sacrifice long term stability for short term profit. There's another undesirable effect at work here that magnifies the problem. Top flight CE's are paid largely on their ability to convince wall st analysts and investors that they are delivering value. This means when CE's make moves that destroy long term value to deliver short term profits, markets reward this behavior because that's what CE's are good at doing, fleecing the market. Investors will not want to second guess the person they put in to run the company eiher, so there's really not a lot of working checks and balances. By the time the problems manifest, the CE has either exited with their bonus, or the board forces them out. Now again because top CE's are like movie stars, they will have contracts written that guarantee them a golden parachute at the expense of shareholders.


Question: How are vitamins synthesized and added to foods? Where do they come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are vitamins synthesized and added to foods? Where do they come from?

I assume you're talking about added vitamins. Vitamins, like many other organic compounds, can be either found in nature or synthesized. Often they're synthesized due to scale and economic reasons. There are lots of ways organic compounds - including vitamins - are synthesized, but usually the starting points can be: - other natural or synthesized compounds (which may in turn be synthesized starting from other simpler compounds, although typically by other companies); - substances found in some animals (e.g. some fishes' liver); - fermentation of microorganisms (kinda like beer, but with other bacteria). The way they're added is usually pretty simple. They can be sprayed, mixed,... Where do they come from? Depends on what you mean. If you mean like geography, it's hard to tell, but this is usually irrelevant. If you mean "from what substances do they come from", see above.


Question: How does an Oasis form in a desert?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does an Oasis form in a desert?

There's an underground spring or an underground water flow near the surface. That irrigates the local area, and maybe feeds a small lake, which allows plants and trees to grow and animals to drink.


Question: Why does moving air feel colder than stationary air, even if I'm not really sweating?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does moving air feel colder than stationary air, even if I'm not really sweating?

Moving air isn't just about sweat and evaporation. It's about heat transfer through the air. You're hotter than the air around you. So you give off body heat and warm up the air around you. Hot air rises, but not very quickly. So you're constantly surrounded by a bubble of warmer air. A fan or wind blows this bubble away, forcing you to feel the actual air temperature rather than your bubble temperature. In technical terms, it changes the situation from [free convection]( URL_0 ) to [forced convection]( URL_1 ).


Question: Why do most of Canadians live in such a small, cramped area, instead of using all the open land?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do most of Canadians live in such a small, cramped area, instead of using all the open land?

Because the "open land" you are talking about is mostly inhospitable, extremely difficult to travel, or otherwise unsuitable for continuous human habitation. You'll notice that Canada is north of the US, and the northern pieces of the US get pretty cold and nasty in the winter.


Question: Why are most laptops with a 4K display touch-screen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are most laptops with a 4K display touch-screen?

Being 4k AND touchscreen is in no way related to each other technically. The feature of being 4k resolution is currently a "premium" feature. Most laptops that have this feature also have the "premium" feature of having a touchscreen. Think of buying a car with all the features, if it has a sunroof, it probably also has power windows.


Question: How does our brain consider something too loud?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does our brain consider something too loud?

Inside our ear we use very delicate membranes to detect air vibrations. When a noise is very loud, those membranes start to take damage from the shockwaves. So they activate pain neurons which travel to the brain and tell it "something bad is happening inside your ear!"


Question: Why does mouthwash burn when you swish?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does mouthwash burn when you swish?

it's not the alcohol itself that's burning your throat. Instead, the ethanol in the liquid is making your throat's VR1 heat receptors more sensitive, prompting them to perceive your own body temperature as hot. Chillies work in a similar fashion.


Question: How does an automatic transmission shift gears? And what makes the gears shift back "down" once the speed decreases past certain points?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does an automatic transmission shift gears? And what makes the gears shift back "down" once the speed decreases past certain points?

Vacuum pressure Most semi automated things in older automobiles were done using the manifold vacuum pressure as an indicator of engine load. Modern ones are going to use a computer that watches the pressure and engine speed, but the principles remain the same. Air comes into the engine through the air intake, scoots past the throttle plate(this moves when you press the gas), enters the intake manifold, and is then pulled into the cylinders. At idle the throttle is mostly closed so the cylinders are sucking air out of the intake manifold and leaving it at a slightly lower pressure than the outside air. If you accelerate hard, the throttle plate will open up to let more air flow through and until the engine is up to speed the air in the intake manifold will be at the same pressure as the outside air because the throttle isn't really restricting the airflow But if you let off the gas it'll close the throttle but the engine will still be spinning fast and trying to pull in lots of air so it'll draw a strong vacuum in the intake manifold because the air is being heavily restricted. The transmission would sense these changes. If the vacuum drops to 0 then it should probably downshift to give you better acceleration, when you're up to speed and there's a strong vacuum then it should upshift to slow down the engine because you don't need that much power right now. As you slow down the pressure difference between intake and ambient will decrease and it will down shift to put you into a better gear for your slower speed. The actual shifting of the gears is done by clutch plates that can connect the Sun, Ring, or Planetary gears to the Input shaft, output shaft, or lock them in place. Almost all automatic transmissions use [Planetary gearsets]( URL_0 ) so you don't have to try to mesh the gears like in a manual.


Question: how is 4% spandex combined with 96% cotton?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how is 4% spandex combined with 96% cotton?

When cotton is turned into fabric, it is twisted by a loom into tiny little threads. These threads are then twisted around each other to make stronger threads. This just means 4 out of every 100 threads is made of spandex, which gives the mixed fabric more stretchiness.


Question: Why do people seem upset at the price of products in their country vs others (like the Nintendo Switch being $300 US and $400 CAD) when in fact those prices are nearly identical with exchange rates?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people seem upset at the price of products in their country vs others (like the Nintendo Switch being $300 US and $400 CAD) when in fact those prices are nearly identical with exchange rates?

Some of it is because your purchasing power is relative to the cost of living where you are.


Question: How come every time you save an image the quality becomes worse and worse. Would this still happen if you screenshot it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come every time you save an image the quality becomes worse and worse. Would this still happen if you screenshot it?

Often when you save an image (either saving it or screenshotting it) it gets stored as a compressed image file. Compression reduces the file size by averaging pixels or simply by skipping over unimportant pixels. Depending on the compression format, a lot of the image quality can be lost. Opening an already compressed file, adding text or a watermark, then compressing it again will reduce the quality further because it has to guess what the pixels used to be before.


Question: What's the difference between a stock and a share?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between a stock and a share?

Stock is the collection of shares. Think of stock at a store. You buy individuals shares (i.e. candy bars, clothes, books, etc..), but not the whole stock. (Edit: a word)


Question: How do spray on anesthesias work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do spray on anesthesias work?

> How do spray on anesthesias work? There is no such thing as a spray on anesthesia as anesthesia is a state someone can be in. It is like saying "How do spray on sleeps work?" Instead you are probably thinking of spray on analgesics. In general a topical analgesic involves the use of chemicals which can be absorbed into flesh and will interfere with sensation in various ways depending on the particular type being used. For example lidocaine blocks the sodium channels in nerve cells which prevents the propagation of nerve signals which convey pain or other sensation, resulting in a numbing of affected tissues.


Question: Why is it that you have to gradually add and stir water in to gravy mix instead of all at once?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that you have to gradually add and stir water in to gravy mix instead of all at once?

Ahhh yes. The classic clump conundrum. Alright, if you were to do that you’d simply get left with runny gravy that has clumps. Essentially, it’s shocking the temperature to fast which results with clumps instead of a nice smooth gravy. It’s like heating glass up with hot water, dumping the water, then throwing ice in it to shatter. Food like to slowly blend itself in. Adding almost anything with change the temperature of the whole thing and most gravy’s need to me at a boiling temp before you continue to add more water in it. Hope this helps.


Question: What are and how effective are sabermetrics, and can they be applied to other sports?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are and how effective are sabermetrics, and can they be applied to other sports?

Sabermetrics in baseball is a statistical analysis of performance. The idea is to shift away from aggregate measures like "hits per at bat" which have tactical dependencies that consider who's on which base and the overall state of the game. Instead, statisticians look at measures like OPS+ (runs per out relative to the league average). This measure can be statistically shown to be a better performance predictor than batting average. To apply the concept to other sports you'd need three things: data, more data, and a game model. Baseball is a slow game, in terms of time between plays to write down data about what just happened. As a result, baseball statisticians have lots of data for many past years with batter-by-batter detail and recent data with pitch-by-pitch detail. This would be harder to do in a faster game like basketball or a game with more things going on at the same time (which makes the game model harder to interpret) like soccer or football.


Question: Where is the internet stored? If all computers were destroyed would we be able to get back to our same internet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where is the internet stored? If all computers were destroyed would we be able to get back to our same internet?

If you destroyed all the pizza restaurants, who would you call to order a pizza? That's basically what you're asking. "The Internet" is just the connections between all the computers, it doesn't store anything or provide any services *other than* letting computers talk. Now, a lot of people say "the internet" when they mean "all the resources & information accessible via the internet" but that's not technically correct.


Question: What causes that sudden sinking, heavy, hot flush feeling when you become anxious and how are the effects felt so rapidly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes that sudden sinking, heavy, hot flush feeling when you become anxious and how are the effects felt so rapidly?

I have that exact same « hot flush » feeling when I get anxious so I know what you mean and the best answer I found was on URL_0 . I copied-pasted the interesting part : « Body heat rises as a result of what's known as vasoconstriction. With a functioning fight/flight system, your body needs to be able to prioritize blood flow during times of danger. Your blood may rush to your heart, to gut, or to anywhere that needs it in order to help you feel or fight quickly.When your blood vessels are constricted, your body heats up. So when you suffer from anxiety and your body is naturally on edge as though you're facing danger, and ultimately you experience the same body temperature increase as you would if you were experiencing a dangerous situation. » Hope it helps !


Question: If you have warm hands, and place them on your cool chest (or other cool body part of yours) is your body temperature staying the same, or is it actually cooling your body down?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If you have warm hands, and place them on your cool chest (or other cool body part of yours) is your body temperature staying the same, or is it actually cooling your body down?

It is balancing out the temperature difference, so colder parts become warmer, warmer parts become cooler, but in general the average body temp remains the same.


Question: How did we get to the point where laptops and smartphones are in the same price range?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did we get to the point where laptops and smartphones are in the same price range?

The difference is that most people are buying the top spec smartphones ($1000+), but not nearly as many people buy top spec laptops ($2500+).


Question: Why is searching for very large prime numbers important?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is searching for very large prime numbers important?

There is zero mathematical use in finding such large primes at all. The techniques used to find them are often valuable, however I don't think the methods used for this have changed all that much. Ultimately it's just a bit of a fun challenge.


Question: if 4G has better range than 3G, how come if I'm in the middle of nowhere, far from any antenna, my phone switches to 3G? Shouldn't it be a case in which only 4G has enough range to reach me?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if 4G has better range than 3G, how come if I'm in the middle of nowhere, far from any antenna, my phone switches to 3G? Shouldn't it be a case in which only 4G has enough range to reach me?

I'm not sure that 4g has better range because the higher the radio frequency the shortest it can travel.


Question: Why do businesses outsource security to a centralised agency?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do businesses outsource security to a centralised agency?

Cost. Starting from scratch you would have to 1) Hire 2) Train 3) Equip / Insure 4) Pay 5) Maintain . 1) So you first have to go through the expense of hiring a security guard. This means the typical hiring processes (HR, background check, etc) . 2) You then have to train them. Assuming you are not already a security expert / trainer you will now have to pay for outside training and licensing. . 3) Uniforms, vehicles, weapons and, of course, insurance / bonding. In the US most licensed security officers will need to carry bonds and insurance, higher if they're armed. . 4) Of course, you will have to pay them a salary, probably benefits etc. . 5) They will now require ongoing training, their equipment will need regular maintenance, they will have annual or reoccurring licensing requirements. Etc. Or... You could just contract with an existing security company that would do all that themselves. Edit to add: Having a Security Guard is typically about deterrence, not reaction. IE, you are way less likely to be robbed if you already have security. You're not really counting on the Security Officer responding to a robbery as much as preventing the robbery from happening by their very presence.


Question: Why do people naturally put on a different voice when they're on the phone or serving someone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people naturally put on a different voice when they're on the phone or serving someone?

When on the phone you can't see facial expressions or body language so you have to communicate all that information through just your voice. Therefore some people try to use a happier or overly emotional voice in order to be perceived the proper or happier tone. While serving someone, the idea is to please the customer. No one wants to talk to a grumpy ass hat while trying to buy something so the person providing service puts on a show so they can continue having a job. Sometimes you have a shit day and it would be bad if that reflected. Also, some people aren't confident in their speaking skills so they use a "different persona" in order to overcome the fear


Question: What would be the issue with implementing a system where people's fines reflect a percentage of their incomes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would be the issue with implementing a system where people's fines reflect a percentage of their incomes?

Nordic countries use this system without a problem. It makes for neat headlines if millionaires get caught speeding, since their tickets might become hundreds of thousands of dollars, but other than that, I am not aware of any particular controversy surrounding their use.


Question: What is WACC and why is it important?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is WACC and why is it important?

Weighted Average Cost Of Capital. All sources of capital, including common stock, preferred stock, bonds and any other long-term debt, are included in a WACC calculation. It is important bc it determines how much interest a company owes for each dollar it finances. Also WACC is an investor’s opportunity cost of taking on the risk of investing money in a company. Long story short, google to learn more. It's very complicated question.


Question: Why are Bluetooth pairings/connections sometimes dodgy unlike wifi which almost connects instantly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are Bluetooth pairings/connections sometimes dodgy unlike wifi which almost connects instantly?

The two technologies work in completely different ways and are optimized for different purposes. With WiFi, you have an access point which is normally wired to a power outlet. It is continuously broadcasting its presence to anyone listening - about 10 times per second. The only thing a device has to do connect to it is look through all the channels until it finds the access point, then connect. It only has to spend about 1/10-2/10 of a second on each channel seeing if it finds an AP, so this can go pretty fast. There are 13 WiFi channels in the 2.4GHz band. If you're always on the same AP, it's likely the device will know what channel to expect it on to make the process faster. Once the device finds the AP then the connection process is quite fast (just a few packets of data quickly exchanged), if everything is working smoothly (though some routers and other WiFi APs are slow). Bluetooth is designed for connecting between low-power devices, so it works differently. Bluetooth devices aren't transmitting all the time. They aren't even receiving all the time, as even that would use too much power. Instead, Bluetooth devices "wake up" periodically, every 1-2 seconds, and see if anyone is calling out their name. They switch channels every time, and there are 32 possible channels. Since Bluetooth is a lower power technology, it relies on switching channels constantly, avoiding noisy channels - but this only works after devices are connected. Initially, you get a random channel that changes every second or so, and if you get a bad roll of the dice, it can be too noisy for the connection to work, so you get to wait. And the device that is making the connection has to transmit constantly until it "catches" the receiver turning on and listening. And that is just for actively connecting to an existing device. If you're scanning for devices it's worse. That said, it's entirely possible for Bluetooth to be fast and WiFi to be slow. It depends on the exact specific situation, the devices involved, how noisy your RF environment is, etc. It's also entirely possible that your problems are caused by outright bugs or problems with your devices.


Question: what do the news mean when they say the goverment froze the bank accounts of a person?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what do the news mean when they say the goverment froze the bank accounts of a person?

They’re frozen like a river. Can’t do anything, can’t go anywhere. In short, the government called up the bank and told them to halt all future transactions on that specific account/s. From there they’ll usually spend time combing through recent transactions to figure out if anything illegal was being done with that money. This is where they’d try to trace back where all the money came from and where it’s been going.


Question: Why do we say that √9 is 3 when it is actually ±3?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we say that √9 is 3 when it is actually ±3?

giving one solution that solves the problem, solves the problem. so unless the question is asking for all solutions, giving just one solution is sufficient.


Question: When metal is being shaped, why do the outer layers flake off?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When metal is being shaped, why do the outer layers flake off?

Many times those outer layers aren't actually the metal but a layer of metal oxide compounds (sort of like rust) formed when the hot metal interacts with the oxygen in the air. This is especially noticeable if you're watching blacksmithing or forging of iron. [In a video like this, you can see the layer of "scale" forming while they're moving the piece around]( URL_0 ). In other cases, you'll see people blowing it off with compressed air jets.


Question: What are the moving vertical lines that appear on my TV when I'm taking a photo or video?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the moving vertical lines that appear on my TV when I'm taking a photo or video?

Your TV draws images on the screen in stripes. Left to right, top to bottom. The lines are drawn so quickly that our eyes can't see them being drawn and it looks like smooth motion -- in much the same way that we don't see cartoons as individual drawings or cells. When you see those lines in a picture it is because you have frozen the movement and can see what has been there all along.


Question: What makes white and black peoples voices sound different?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes white and black peoples voices sound different?

It's cultural - no different from how you can tell the difference between a Welshman and a Swede just by listening to their voice. Black people tend to grow up - and develop their accents - in black sub-cultures while white people do so in white sub-cultures. That's why you rarely hear a young black girl with the same sort of Southern drawl as a young white girl despite the fact that they grew up 20 miles apart.


Question: Is planet Earth brighter than other planets due to artificial lighting?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is planet Earth brighter than other planets due to artificial lighting?

Brighter than other planets because of artificial lightning; unlikely (or likely depending on how many planets we assume in our example) Brighter than other planets because of our composition of materials in the atmosphere and on the ground in general, say compared to a hypothetical rouge planet far away from any star, made out of dead rock. Definitely brighter, but due to artificial lightning? No.


Question: Yesterday there was a very destructive tornado in the Czech Republic. This is a very unique moment in our country and so I wonder what actually leads to the occurrence of such a phenomenon? Is it a sudden change in pressure?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Yesterday there was a very destructive tornado in the Czech Republic. This is a very unique moment in our country and so I wonder what actually leads to the occurrence of such a phenomenon? Is it a sudden change in pressure?

Warm air slides below cool air. Warm air naturally wants to rise, cool air naturally wants to sink. A tornado can be the result.


Question: Psycologically, why have humans desired precious metals and gemstones throughout the millenia? Why has gold been a measure of a country's wealth for much of modern history?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Psycologically, why have humans desired precious metals and gemstones throughout the millenia? Why has gold been a measure of a country's wealth for much of modern history?

The more rare something is the more valuable it is. Precious metals and gem stones are aesthetically pleasing and difficult to obtain. Gold was the measure of a country’s wealth because money was issued as being worth a certain amount of gold. People believed in the value of the money because it was backed by something of universal value.


Question: How does the animal kingdom deal with “mistakes” or accidents where an animal blunders and accidentally harms another animal? Can animals comprehend sorrow or forgiveness in relation to such an event?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the animal kingdom deal with “mistakes” or accidents where an animal blunders and accidentally harms another animal? Can animals comprehend sorrow or forgiveness in relation to such an event?

When rough play goes too far, cats and dogs that are affectionate will often start licking the one who they hurt. Many people see that as 'apologetic' behavior.


Question: Is wireless internet bouncing off of me, passing through me, or is it more complicated than that?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is wireless internet bouncing off of me, passing through me, or is it more complicated than that?

Wireless internet uses radio waves (radio frequency or RF), which are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio waves are radiation, just like light, heat and radioactivity. The entire universe is completely awash in electromagnetic radiation, there is literally no where you can go to escape it. Yes, the radio waves used by wireless internet are either bouncing off you are are passing partway into you and being absorbed. The frequencies used by wireless internet won't typically pass *through* you though. The amount of energy that your body absorbs from these waves is extremely, *extremely* small. It does not cause damage. The kind of radiation that can cause damage is called ionizing radiation. Large doses of ultraviolet can also be harmful. The radio waves used in communication, even the very high frequencies are 100 times lower than the frequencies of radiation that are harmful to you. Very high amounts of radio waves *can* cause harm, but that requires close proximity and deliberate effort. For example if you took the door off a microwave and then stuck your hand in it while it was running. Or if you stood in front of an aircraft while it was testing its radar.


Question: When consuming hot sauce why does it get hotter by adding more hot sauce?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When consuming hot sauce why does it get hotter by adding more hot sauce?

"Dose makes the poison" - Paracelus Your body responds to quantities of things. It has a chemical response based on how much of something it detects entering your body. The more spicy sauce, the more spicy reaction.


Question: Why did the United States not immediately enter WWII after France fell to the Nazis?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did the United States not immediately enter WWII after France fell to the Nazis?

Three main reasons The u.s was in an economic depression and could not afford it. Americans did not want to die for Europeans issues. America had a huge german community of immigrants who did not want to go to war with Germany


Question: why can you feel your pulse in parts of your body sometimes but not all over? I mean actually feel it through your body not in the context of checking for it.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why can you feel your pulse in parts of your body sometimes but not all over? I mean actually feel it through your body not in the context of checking for it.

The parts of your body where the pulse can be palpated, such as the wrist or neck, are areas where larger blood vessels run close to the surface of the skin. This is not the case elsewhere in the body, as major vessels are buried deep in the flesh go protect them from injury.


Question: What makes indica and sativa strains different?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes indica and sativa strains different?

They are two separate but really really similar species of cannabis. If they even count as a separate is up for debate since they can cross breed and create viable offspring. But in any case, combining various strains results in different levels of THC and CBD. These are the main psychoactive compounds, and have different effects. Sativas tend to be higher in THC, indicas tend to have more CBD.


Question: If the universe is full of stars why is it so dark?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the universe is full of stars why is it so dark?

Imagine your room filled with about a 100 fireflies. They produce light, but your room will still be dark because the intensity of their light pales in comparison to the size of your room. It is the same case with the universe, although the galaxies are huge, and the stars they have produce enormous amounts of light and energy, it just pales in comparison to the size of the universe. Also, even if your room has 100 firefiles, it will not be a lot, because there is still more than 99% empty space. Similarly, although there are a lot of stars, more than 99% of the universe is still empty.


Question: are these pictures showing physics correctly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 are these pictures showing physics correctly?

It isn't pushing the light away. It is bending the space that the light is moving through. Draw a straight line on a piece of paper. Now bend the paper. The line is still a straight line.


Question: Why does hot chocolate have a drinkability window of about 20 seconds; whereas, it seems like coffee stays the perfect temperature for much much longer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does hot chocolate have a drinkability window of about 20 seconds; whereas, it seems like coffee stays the perfect temperature for much much longer?

Are you taking into account the environment? The temperature of hot water will drop much quicker when the air is cold/dry than it will when the air is warm/humid. If you only drink hot chocolate when it's cold out, but drink coffee at other times you may be introducing bias into your results.


Question: - Why is space cold when the suns heat is currently roasting me like a pig whilst I sit outdoors in Spain?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why is space cold when the suns heat is currently roasting me like a pig whilst I sit outdoors in Spain?

That heat is not heat when it's traveling to earth, it's high intensity light from the sun that becomes heat as it gets absorbed by particles in the atmosphere/on the earth's surface. There is virtually no matter in outer space to absorb that light and convert it to heat, which is why it's able to get all the way to earth and warm everything up.


Question: How do scientists make money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do scientists make money?

People that fund research: A Company looking to make a product, Universities, The Government in General, The Military in Specific, NASA in Specific, and people who donate to research funds.


Question: How is jumping of a bridge as suicide deadly, while many divers jump from even higher than most bridges?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is jumping of a bridge as suicide deadly, while many divers jump from even higher than most bridges?

It’s about how you enter the water. From the heights we’re talking about you have to be very skilled to enter the water in a straight-on dive so as not to hurt yourself or die from impact.


Question: Why is it so much easier to iron a crease into a shirt than iron it out again?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so much easier to iron a crease into a shirt than iron it out again?

Because there's no easy way to "invert" a crease in fabric. You can't get flatter than flat. When you iron the crease in, you're folding the crease through 180 degrees. When you try to iron it out you're opening both "legs" up 90 degrees to each side then trying to press it flat. So a lot more stress went into the bend to set the crease than you can put in to remove it.


Question: How do world currencies affect each other? What determines if they go up and down in value?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do world currencies affect each other? What determines if they go up and down in value?

The value of money goes up or down based on how much supply there is and confidence in the money. Let's say you took over a country that has printed $100 worth of currency, and it is currently worth the US Dollar. And let's say in your country, there's an earthquake, and you need $20 to fix the damage. If you taxed everyone and collected $20 dollars, that'd be one way to pay for it. A second way to pay would be to printed 20 more dollars. However, you haven't created any more wealth, so really, someone with $40 used to have 40% of the currency, but now that person has 33% of the currency, and has become poorer, relatively. So by printing more money, you diminish the value of the dollar (inflation, which is accepted by economists as good at low percentages, overall). Second scenario: You're president of this country, and a group of terrorists take you hostage, shut down the government, and want to create their own government. Now, no one wants the money of your country, because they don't believe that country will be worth anything to people if the terrorists new government doesn't accept it. People aren't confident that you'll take back your country, and continue to use $1 as a currency so people want different currencies as they're recognized by other businesses, and more stable governments. Now, you $1 isnt worht 1 USD, instead its worth 10 cents because people don't want it as they're less confident. So the major two factors that affect currency are confidence (in the government, economy, etc) and inflation (or deflation).


Question: What is a Fourier Transform and why was it necessary to render the image of the total solar eclipse?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a Fourier Transform and why was it necessary to render the image of the total solar eclipse?

Lots of correct answers about Fourier transforms, but no one has directly addressed the second part of the question: why it was needed to render that image. The answer is that when you take an image of an eclipse, the photo has a mixture of fuzzy/cloudy features, sharp edges, and everything in between. Using the Fourier transform you can break down the original image into all the constituent parts (fuzzy stuff, sharp stuff, edges, noise, etc) and then you can selectively pick just the one you want to recreate the image. More technically, you will generally omit the features that have lower frequencies, and retain certain higher frequencies for an image like this. You can also recreate the original image using multiples of a certain frequency. So, say there's a sharp feature that shows up well in a certain frequency, you might add multiples of that specific feature into the final image. It takes a surprising amount of experience to get really good at processing images like this, but the outcomes can be amazing.


Question: Is there any reason to think "the universe" and "the observable universe" aren't exactly the same thing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there any reason to think "the universe" and "the observable universe" aren't exactly the same thing?

Yes, the idea that we happen to be in the exact center of the Universe is - while anthropomorphic - almost certainly wrong. There is almost certainly something beyond what we can see and, given the rate of expansion in the Universe, we can see less of the Universe every year. What we can see is so flat that the Universe is either significantly larger or infinite.


Question: Why is anxiety and depression much more common today then in years past?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is anxiety and depression much more common today then in years past?

There’s always been depression. They used to call it melancholia. Abraham Lincoln suffered from it and tons of poets.


Question: Why does aluminum foil never get hot to the touch. You can leave it in the oven and touch it directly out of the oven without it feeling hot. Why is this?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does aluminum foil never get hot to the touch. You can leave it in the oven and touch it directly out of the oven without it feeling hot. Why is this?

Aluminum has a very low specific heat capacity and foil is very thin, these combine together to get it a very low thermal mass (it cannot hold a lot of heat). It also has a very high surface area to volume ratio and a very high thermal conductivity. This means that the heat that it can store can move in and out of it very very fast. When you combine these, Aluminum foil can go from red hot to room temperature in a matter of seconds. The very low thermal mass means that with very thin foil it might be 400 degrees, but putting that heat into your finger only raises your finger by 20 degrees, and results in no burn.


Question: Whats actually happening at a molecular level that allows heat based cutting devices to cut things? Like how does an acetylene torch actually cut stuff?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Whats actually happening at a molecular level that allows heat based cutting devices to cut things? Like how does an acetylene torch actually cut stuff?

This depends a lot on the device and what's being cut. A red hot knife cutting meat will boil off most of the stuff and leave charcoal behind, which is easy to cut. An oxy-acetylene cutter will heat the metal and then blast it with near-pure oxygen, causing the metal itself to burn and form a flaky dust which blows away with the gas jet. Plasma cutters and laser cutters make the material so absurdly hot that it turns into a gas/plasma and floats (or rather, is blasted by its own expansion) away.


Question: What is a polar vortex and why is the United States' midwest suffering because of it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a polar vortex and why is the United States' midwest suffering because of it?

At the north and south poles of the earth, there are big pockets of really cold air. It's called a polar vortex because of the location at the poles (polar) and the fact that it flows in a big circle. The North Pole Vortex spins counter clockwise the South Pole Vortex spins clockwise. There are also large, fast, and relatively narrow flows of air called Jet Streams. These rivers of air help to create an air wall, one that the polar vortex can't really cross. Sometimes, this jet stream starts to wobble a lot more than it usually does, like the end of a hose that's been turned on too high. When that happens, the wall moves up and down north and south. When it dips south, the big pocket of really cold air at the north pole moves south towards the jet stream wall. When that happens, the air becomes as cold as it is at the poles, which is way colder than most people are used to, because they are used to being on the other side, the warmer side, of the jet stream wall.


Question: Are there any other companies like the Bell System?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are there any other companies like the Bell System?

The US baking industry sorta operates this way. They are “broken up” but that they generally means I’d that one company may be able to sell brand A in say 10 states, another company sells the same brand A in 10 different states, and so on. A lot of bread you get in the store may have the same name and brand and be identical but are actually made by different companies depending on where you live. Not an exact replica to Bell but a similar idea


Question: How do cash back apps make their money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do cash back apps make their money?

They get information about the purchase habits of customers. That information is more valuable to product sellers than the cash back they pay to customers. The difference in value finances their operations.


Question: Why do we still use Latin to name new species?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we still use Latin to name new species?

It's very descriptive as a language and isn't any countries major language any more, so there's less political tension than if it were in English , French, Italian etc. Moreover most science of the time would have been written in Latin, like Newton's Principia.


Question: Why do wisdom teeth grow when you are older and not with all the other teeth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do wisdom teeth grow when you are older and not with all the other teeth?

Well all teeth don't grow at once too, the gap between first and second molars is around 6 years, same as the gap between second molars and 3rd molars (wisdom teeth). On top of that, because they form later then other teeth they have to 1) pass trough more tissue 2) pass trough harder/ more densely compacted bone and tougher gingiva. On top of that they are evolutionary going "extinct" because our jaws are getting smaller, so often times they are in weird positions which makes eruption even harder.


Question: When a company commits a gross violation that affects people (physically/mentally/financially, etc.), why is the company forced to pay the government, instead of the people they hurt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a company commits a gross violation that affects people (physically/mentally/financially, etc.), why is the company forced to pay the government, instead of the people they hurt?

Usually they'll have to pay both. Fines levyed by the state is not meant to replace money companies have to pay for the damages they cause a person. Let's say a company causes you to lose a leg because of negligence, they might be fined by the state if they broke the law, but *in addition to that* they have to pay you money for the damages they caused you specifically.


Question: How do heat seeking missiles work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do heat seeking missiles work?

In the simplest terms, there is an infrared (heat vision) camera at the front of the missile attached to a computer, which is attached to the missile's control fins. The computer adjusts the fins to keep the brightest heat source the camera can see in the center of the picture.