Question: What makes plastic surgery look so obviously overdone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes plastic surgery look so obviously overdone?

It's like CGI in films. You don't notice a lot of it. You only notice what stands out. Tens of thousands of people undergo cosmetic surgeries every day, and you'd have no idea. It can be simple things like having protruding ears pinned back, eyelids changed, lip lifts, nose jobs etc etc.. if surgery is done well, you'd never know. It's when people go crazy with lip filler and augmented cheeks that things start to get noticeable.


Question: Why are we certain there wasn't a technological civilization before humans here on earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are we certain there wasn't a technological civilization before humans here on earth?

We can't. Just like we can't be certain the universe wasn't created by an invisible purple teapot orbiting Jupiter. We *can* be certain they didn't use large amounts of plastics, as those show up clearly in fossil records. They also didn't use any carbon or soot producing technology on an industrial scale, didn't launch any geostationary satellites, leaded gasoline, rare earth metals, gold, lithium, or any of the elements we use for advanced technology. At that point, the question is how you define technological civilizations. Personally I tend to think *widespread technology* is a requirement and we know no one had that before us.


Question: How does kinetic energy play a role in chemical reactions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does kinetic energy play a role in chemical reactions?

When molecules collide with each other they may react with each other. So if you increase the kinetic energy of the molecules, you increase the number of collisions that occur in a given time interval. So you are increasing the rate of the overall reaction.


Question: Why is it so hard to move the ring finger without moving the rest of the fingers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so hard to move the ring finger without moving the rest of the fingers?

There is a tendon connecting the middle and ring finger. BTW my piano teacher could do an amazing thing where she could move her ring finger independently of her middle finger, which was pretty amazing.


Question: in MOBA games, do players with higher frame-rates(60fps for example) have more advantage than players with lower frame-rates(30fps for example)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 in MOBA games, do players with higher frame-rates(60fps for example) have more advantage than players with lower frame-rates(30fps for example)?

Yeah, I mean... you’re receiving twice as much data to your brain with 60 vs 30. Even if the difference is a nano second in response time, that nano second can give you an edge against an opponent receiving less data. To casual gamers it’s negligible but to professionals competing, I think it makes a difference. I always thought FPS and latency should be capped for everyone to level the playing field but that suggestion drives gamers bonkers.


Question: How come so many people shown being rescued from flooded homes in Texas today are still able to keep using their home electricity? One woman was standing in chest height water of her flooded home and calmly told the rescuers how they still had the air conditioning running and never lost power.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come so many people shown being rescued from flooded homes in Texas today are still able to keep using their home electricity? One woman was standing in chest height water of her flooded home and calmly told the rescuers how they still had the air conditioning running and never lost power.

My house flooded two years ago, and it freaked me out initially when the power stayed on. I was told by the power company the next morning that since our lines are buried and insulated, they would continue to function. I asked about getting shocked, and they seemed to think there was little danger. Bonus pic of my house: URL_0


Question: How do wealthy people benefit from donating to charity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do wealthy people benefit from donating to charity?

A simple donation has limited benefit - you'll reduce taxes potentially by your marginal tax rate multiplied by the amount of your donation. E.g., if you're marginal tax rate is 30%, and you donate $100,000, you'll reduce you're taxes by $30,000. It still "costs" $70,000 to support the charity, but the charity received $100,000 of benefit. But there are far more tax-advantaged ways to give to charity, including establishing trusts that can grow tax-free (or tax-deferred) while providing either the charity or the donor with cash now and over the lifetime of the trust. Some of these terminate after a period of time with the funds in the trust going either to the charity (if the donor was receiving cash during the trust) or the donor (if the charity was receiving cash during the trust). Establishing other forms of charitable trusts can confer substantial tax benefits as well, but it's important to understand that none of these approaches leaves the donor with more money than they would have had if they simply didn't donate anything, In other words, there's always an element of giving so long as they're reporting valuation properly. Of course, it's possible to set up fraudulent (or at least questionable) trusts and non-profits that seem to be charitable, but are actually a way for a wealthy person, family or institution to retain more funds while "pretending" to be charitable. It's up to tax and regulatory authorities to crack down on those situations. The nuances of trusts and charitable giving are well beyond ELI5, but not beyond the means of the wealthy.


Question: How can vehicles wheels rotate that freely eventhough there is a massive weight resting on them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can vehicles wheels rotate that freely eventhough there is a massive weight resting on them?

Bearings: balls or rollers made out of hardened steel take the load, since the area of contact is small and the steel very hard there isn’t much friction at all, it’s the same stuff that makes fidget spinners bales to rotate for minutes on their own


Question: What causes the colour differences in bodies of water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes the colour differences in bodies of water?

The soil! You know how charcoal and sand act as water filters? Basically, the soil around the water plays a large part. This is why lots of northern lakes are very clear, most of the soil is sand and other debris. As the lake water filters in and out of the soil, it leaves behind many of the contaminants that make the water appear murky. This is exactly the reason why Michigan's lakes are known to be so clear, usually. Your local lakes are probably near relatively "muddy" soil where the composition has much less sand. This means that the water is keeping many of the contaminants and the water appears more brown and murky. But, you only really see these impurities when you have a large body of water as they need to absorb the light passing through them and light can penetrate pretty far in even murky water.


Question: Why are some gasses/substances odourless, such as carbon monoxide? Is it that they actually don’t have a smell - and if so, why - or is it that our sense of smell is too weak to detect it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some gasses/substances odourless, such as carbon monoxide? Is it that they actually don’t have a smell - and if so, why - or is it that our sense of smell is too weak to detect it?

Our nose has smell receptors that are certain shapes. When things fit those shapes it sends a signal to our brain with a smell. CO fits the same holes as O2 (which is actually why its dangerous), and your body ignores the "smell" of O2 because it is common and important. It doesn't warn of anything. Think of it like those kids toys with the shapes and the blocks going through the right shaped hole, there is no hole for CO/O2


Question: What is debt funding? How is it different from equity funding (in case of a startup)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is debt funding? How is it different from equity funding (in case of a startup)?

Debt funding: Taking out a loan (with interest) to fund your business operations Equity funding: Selling parts of your business to others to fund the operations (i.e. getting someone to invest in your business in exchange for partial ownership) These are the two main ways to generate capital outside of actually making profits. It's not just startups, all companies if they want to get extra money have two options: Take out a loan, or sell part of your company.


Question: 2 Questions, Q1 for theologians, Where did God come from if he created everything? Who created God? Q2 for scientists who don't believe in a creator or God, Before the big bang, how does something such as energy, matter, etc. come from nothing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 2 Questions, Q1 for theologians, Where did God come from if he created everything? Who created God? Q2 for scientists who don't believe in a creator or God, Before the big bang, how does something such as energy, matter, etc. come from nothing?

Rule #2 is: "This subreddit is for asking for objective explanations." Questions about theology of religion are in general not going to have objective answers. You could ask such things in /r/DebateReligion but most likely the answers will be some form of "we don't know" or "magic, because god".


Question: What's the difference between caustic and corrosive?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between caustic and corrosive?

A caustic will damage organic tissue, but not necessarily damage inorganic materials such as metal or glass. A corrosive can damage inorganic and organic materials.


Question: How do hurricanes weaken over land? Where does all that energy go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do hurricanes weaken over land? Where does all that energy go?

Hurricanes require warm, moist air found right above the surface of warm waters (places near the equator) to sustain the wind speeds and clouds found in a hurricane. Over land, they no longer have these conditions, so the clouds and air slowly diffuse away into the surrounding areas, which makes the hurricane weaker and smaller, until it becomes a patch of clouds and rain.


Question: How does ad blocker work and how does website know if we are using one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does ad blocker work and how does website know if we are using one?

The ad blocker has a list of rules on what page elements, JavaScript files and content servers to block. This includes rules like "servers belonging to Annoying Ads Inc" or "in Mega News site and subpages, a specific element called top-ad-banner" or "All scripts on Mega News site's /eviltracker/ directory". These are usually hand-made lists and are maintained by volunteers, because it takes effort to identify these things correctly and make sure you don't block too much or too little. Previously, it was also common to use some kind of heuristics (e.g. "All images that are yay big are probably ad banners and should be blocked") but those aren't that popular these days. The website can detect ad blockers by detecting if some particular page element is present or not. (Of course, nothing stops the ad blockers from blocking that kind of scripts, but hey.)


Question: What are the effects of ingesting too much extracts (like vanilla)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the effects of ingesting too much extracts (like vanilla)?

Extracts like that aren't "like" normal alcohol - they *are* alcohol. [Ethanol]( URL_0 ) (or ethyl alcohol) is the alcohol in every alcoholic beverage. It's also pure alcohol, at 200 proof (before the extract thins it out some) So, your half-ounce was exactly like drinking a half shot of (at the least) 151 rum. Maybe closer to straight moonshine. Long story short, drink too much vanilla extract and you're gonna get a wicked hangover.


Question: Do birds/animals really flee on mass from impending natural disasters, i.e Tsunamis, asteroids etc before humans are even aware like they do in movies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do birds/animals really flee on mass from impending natural disasters, i.e Tsunamis, asteroids etc before humans are even aware like they do in movies?

Cats for example are able to feel small tremors before the tsumani arrives. I'm assuming many other animals can as well. An asteroid doesn't have a similar warning sign. It's faster than sound so good ears won't help.


Question: What is an "Algebra" in Higher Maths?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is an "Algebra" in Higher Maths?

You have numbers. You apply "algebra" to the numbers. Algebra includes how to add, subtract, multiply, divide, powers, exponentials, radicals, factorials, and so on, all of the possible math operations that you could apply to numbers. And then you try to extend the concepts of what it means to add, subtract, multiply, divide, powers, radicals, exponentials, factorials, and so on, to THINGS THAT ARE NOT NUMBERS. Because it's useful in some way. First you take sets. Sets are groups of numbers. It's useful to have a definition for what it means to add two sets together, how you can go about doing it. Multiply. Divide, etc. Vectors. Surfaces. Fields. These things can, in some way, be expressed as numbers, or represented by numbers, somehow, so it's useful to be able to also have "operands" (+ , - , x, / , etc.) for them. That's your "algebra of x". Algebra of sets is all the rules of how to add subtract multiply divide, etc., but sets instead of numbers. And because sets, vectors, surfaces, fields, etc., are NOT numbers, sometimes it's possible to come up with a few extra operations that you can do with them. Vector vs. scalar multiplication. Transforms. Etc. So the "algebra" gets more complicated.


Question: if the exact rotation of earth takes 23 hrs 56 mins 4.09secs why hasn’t it messed up our digital & analog clocks yet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if the exact rotation of earth takes 23 hrs 56 mins 4.09secs why hasn’t it messed up our digital & analog clocks yet?

Because Earth also revolves around the Sun. 23 hours and 56 minutes is the time is takes the Earth to make a exact 360 degree rotation around its axis. If the Earth was standing in place, then this would be enough for the Earth to make a single rotation relative to the Sun. However, during that time, Earth has also revolved a little less than 1 degree around the Sun. In order to catch up, Earth needs to rotate that extra degree so that it would face the Sun in the same direction again. This extra degree takes about 4 minutes, which makes the day 24 hours long.


Question: where do our immune systems keep the ‘database’ of things it recognizes as foreign, and how can it check this database so quickly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 where do our immune systems keep the ‘database’ of things it recognizes as foreign, and how can it check this database so quickly?

Helper T cells are immunocytes which work by storing antigens (external proteins on the surface of foreign invaders). When the presence of an antigen specific to the type known by the helper T cell, B cell lymphocytes are stimulated to create antibodies (substances which destroy antigens). Antibodies are specific to the antigens, and must be produced en masse for invasion.


Question: How is Google Photos able to give you unlimited storage completely free?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is Google Photos able to give you unlimited storage completely free?

Many reasons : 1. You're not actually going to use that much space. Google can advertise "Unlimited space", most people will only use a fraction of it. 2. If your read carefully the Terms of Service, it's not really "Unlimited". There are conditions. But it will *feel* unlimited, cause the limit is way beyond what the average user does need. 3. You're the product. You get free storage, they get free data about you, that they'll turn into personalized advertising. It wouldn't be free and unlimited if Google had no way to make big bucks out of it.


Question: How does a camera "see" the real world?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a camera "see" the real world?

Using a piece of technology called a CCD. Basically there are photoreceptors that can record light as a series of electrical charges. If you understand how the photoreceptors (we can just call them pixels) consistently record the light as voltages, you can reproduce an image based on the those voltages. This will look like poop smear with a few pixels, take an image and zoom in, eventually you will get to little dots and that is it. The more little dots the higher the resolution, or the ability to discern between lines. If we let our eyes naturally scan we get about 515 megapixels worth of resolution, a single glance is 5-15. So a 5 megapixel photo looks like a decent representation as long as you don't zoom in (or blow the image up a lot). A 50 pixel image might give you some idea of what you are looking at, but not much. Clear as mud? TLDR; a sensor was invented (by Kodak, of all peopel) that records the impact of photons as discrete electrical charges. Those charges are recorded into memory as bits. Knowing how those bits were laid down lets us produce an image from that information that reflect the way our eyes interpret the visible light spectrum.


Question: Why do you need a cable subscription login in order to watch the internet feed of the broadcast channels when you can just watch them for free with an antenna?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you need a cable subscription login in order to watch the internet feed of the broadcast channels when you can just watch them for free with an antenna?

The local broadcast channels pay a **lot** of money to the networks for the exclusive right to broadcast in their geographical area. Part of that agreement is them taking steps to make sure that everyone who sees their feed is within their licensed geographical area. Internet feeds make this a bit tricky. The easiest way for them to take those steps is to require that you have a cable or satellite subscription -- something with a verified physical address -- before letting you see the streaming feed of their channel.


Question: What is a "Duck" in Computer Programming?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a "Duck" in Computer Programming?

'Type safety' refers to how much a language checks the data types of variables. For example, checking that you aren't trying to perform math operations on strings of text. Some operators work differently on different data types. For example, 'x + y' might mean 'add the numbers x and y together', or it might mean 'concatenate the strings x and y'. In a duck-typed language, I could have a function which takes x and y and returns x + y. The language only checks at runtime whether the operator '+' actually works with x and y. The term 'duck-typing' is a reference to the phrase: "If it walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, it's a duck" - the idea that you can have two different types of data which both can do the same things, so you can treat them identically.


Question: Why is sunset earlier at the beginning of December than it is on the winter solstice?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is sunset earlier at the beginning of December than it is on the winter solstice?

If I am not misstanke the reason it the [Analemma]( URL_1 ) of the sun. If you take a picture of the sun at the same time during a year is move in a figure 8 like in this picture URL_0 The sun will be at the lowers location it location on the sky more a lot horizontally at the time of the winter solstice So the time of the solar noon the time where it at the highest point in the sky changes over the year. It changes fast close to the winter solstice. The result is that while the day become shorter and short the time of the solar noon is earlier and earlier. So if the day became 2 minutes shorter between dec 15 and dec 16 but the solar noon is 3 minutes earlier the sunset is 1 minuter earlier but the day is sill shorter. The date the of the earliest sunset depend on the latitude and it is on the winter solstice on the polar circle. Above that the sun will never rise for some days around the winter solstice You can see a map at URL_2


Question: Why is the universe being portrayed as dark when during day time (on Earth), everywhere appears bright. There are so many stars in the universe, shouldn't the "dark space" be filled with light?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the universe being portrayed as dark when during day time (on Earth), everywhere appears bright. There are so many stars in the universe, shouldn't the "dark space" be filled with light?

This line of thinking is exactly what led to the Big Bang theory of cosmic evolution. Scientists initially believed the Universe to be infinite and eternal, but if it was so then surely every line of sight in the sky should end on a star, and the night sky should be completely bright. Therefore, the Universe must either have a boundary or some beginning point, and there can't have been stars forever just as there are now. Remember that when you look out into space you are also looking back in time, because it takes light time to travel to Earth. If you look far enough you find no stars or galaxies - the earliest light we see is the cosmic microwave background, emitted roughly 350,000 years after the Big Bang. Today, cosmologists think the Universe is infinite (or at least has no boundary) and it is well accepted that the Big Bang which created physics as we know it happened roughly 13.7 billion years ago.


Question: How do maggots get into unopened food containers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do maggots get into unopened food containers?

Maggots are baby flies. If they’re in an unopened food container it’s because there were fly eggs in the food before it went into the container. Normally it’s not that big a deal because the food gets cooked and the eggs disintegrate. But if the food is too old or mishandled, they hatch and you have maggots.


Question: How are rainbows formed? Why do they only form occasionally?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are rainbows formed? Why do they only form occasionally?

Rainbows are water droplets acting like a prism and splitting white light (like sunlight that contains the entire visible spectrum of light) into bands of the different wave lengths. In case you don't know, the wave length of light determines what color it is. More energetic light has smaller wave lengths and is blue-er, while light with less energy is longer and red. We only see a limited segment of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes radio waves, micro waves, visible light, ultraviolet, infa red, and x rays, all arrayed according to wavelength with visible light somewhere in the middle. Tl;dr any time water gets atomized it'll happen if you look from the right angle. Play around near sprinklers when the sun is low, find the right angle you'll see rainbows. Also rainbows are circular, you just usually don't see the whole thing.


Question: Why do government employees pay taxes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do government employees pay taxes?

Few things: 1) Federal employees still have to pay various forms of state taxes, but their pay doesn't come from the state government. 2) State, county and city employees still have to pay various forms of state and federal taxes, though their pay doesn't come from the federal government. 3) Everyone has specific tax requirements and situations that they report on their tax return. The government can't know that Bob in HR has five kids and just bought an electric car, or that Sarah over in Accounting had medical and educational expenses and just bought a house. So even though the tax rates are going to be the same, the actual amount of money people are taxed is going to vary depending on their personal situation. It wouldn't be fair to just remove government taxes prematurely from a person's pay check when they would otherwise be entitled to that money.


Question: Why are auroras mostly seen in high northern and southern latitudes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are auroras mostly seen in high northern and southern latitudes?

The Earth is a big 'ol magnet. In space, there is a constant onslaught of charged particles (often electrons and protons) coming from the sun, other stars, and pretty much everything in space. These particles are deflected by the Earth's magnetic field, and due to some weird physics stuff, often find themselves bouncing between the north and south poles at high speeds. This means that they travel in these huge arcs over most of the Earth, and are lowest at the poles. Sometimes, these particles are low enough to hit the atmosphere. When they do this, they generate light due to the immense energy that is released in the impact. This light is the aurora.


Question: How do the 4s and 3d orbitals fill?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do the 4s and 3d orbitals fill?

4s Orbital fills before the 3D orbital does. The 3d orbital fills one orbital at a time before doubling up. It does this because of energy levels. Electrons are lazy so they always want to occupy to energy level that is lowest (easiest to occupy). The 4s is actually lower than the 3d orbitals in terms of energy (you can look up the energy levels of each orbital, it looks like a series of steps). Its easier to fill unoccupied d orbitals than occupied ones, so it does one at a time first.


Question: How are 'concerts' produced (from concept to show)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are 'concerts' produced (from concept to show)?

Like any event, there's lots to plan. The artist has to get a whole lot of people together. A promoter (or two or three, depending on how long and how far the tour will extend) to book venues and negotiate prices for the venue and tickets to be sold, not to mention the cut that the artist gets of those tickets sold. If there's going to be an opening act, the promoters work with local managers to sign up regional artists to open the show, and they also get cuts of the tickets sold. Musicians for the tour (if there isn't already a band) and rehearsal spaces for the artist and band have to be rented. If there's going to be dancers or other people working in the show, they have to be hired and rehearsed, usually by the artist or artist and manager. The stage look has to be worked out, so a designer gets hired and the artist has to approve the look that's planned. Then people have to be hired to create the stage pieces, trucks have to be hired to store them while traveling, and people have to be hired to put the stage up and take it down. Artists have to make sure they have people to care for instruments off-stage (the roadies) and tune and put up the instruments each night, plus pack them away afterwards. Other people get hired to put up and take down sound systems, usually these are local union workers for the venue. For smaller venues, there might be people hired by the artist or the artist's manager. From album release to concert tour, usually there's about a 6 month break, but there's also been about 6 months of planning while the album is being produced, so figure for a full stage concert and show, a year or so of planning.


Question: What is a presidential electors and what does the new Supreme Court ruling mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a presidential electors and what does the new Supreme Court ruling mean?

We don't elect the POTUS by popular vote. The people in each state vote for who they want. Then, a group of people in that state called "electors" look at those votes, and then get together and vote for who will actually be president. Some states say all the electors have to vote for whoever got the most votes in their state. Some people want the elector votes to match the states vote (so if you have ten electors, and the people in the state voted 60% for X and 40% for Y, 6 electors would vote X and 4 would vote Y). But in some states, the electors can just vote for whoever they please. This decision affirms that a state can punish them for not voting the way the populace tells them to.


Question: why would one hide his IP-address before downloading torrent?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why would one hide his IP-address before downloading torrent?

It's a way to protect yourself from being tracked. If someone's watching your activity, and you give them the wrong IP address to watch, then it makes it that much harder for them to prosecute you or issue you a fine.


Question: How did people start cars before the modern key-in-ignition system?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did people start cars before the modern key-in-ignition system?

I believe the original Model T used a crank to start. It was in the engine so people had to crank the car and then get inside to drive.


Question: Why do some cars like the Supra go up in price over time but other cars that are similar go down in price?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some cars like the Supra go up in price over time but other cars that are similar go down in price?

The Supra was a good design for sports cars of its era. And they had a decent rep for performance and reliability. Plus they are not as common to find used.


Question: Could the world eventually become one race through the interbreeding of races over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Could the world eventually become one race through the interbreeding of races over time?

Yes. Technically we are already one race. The biological differences between what we refer to as "races" are so minor and negligible that there is no scientific basis for differentiating them. That's what people mean when they say that "race" is a cultural construct. But when it comes to those minor biological differences, like skin tone, even they will blend together with time, assuming enough interbreeding happens. There is actually already a sort of prototype for this: [Brazil]( URL_0 ). Almost half of Brazil's population is a mix between European, African, and Amerindian ancestry.


Question: How does the touchscreen element of some absolutely shattered screens still work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the touchscreen element of some absolutely shattered screens still work?

Touchscreens are actually made up of several different layers. If you only break the outer layer you can avoid damaging the actual "touch sensitive" bits. A touch screen display might goes something like: Outer glass (i.e. the bit you actually poke with your finger) Plastic "bonding layer" Actual touch sensitive bits often built on a 2nd piece of glass "Nothing" (air, plastic, literally no gap between the touch screen and display) The actual Display


Question: why most of babies born with a certain eye color change eye color overtime?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why most of babies born with a certain eye color change eye color overtime?

A bit of a guess here but I'd assume maybe something to do with melanin? A Google found this link which seems to confirm my theory - URL_0 "Genetics control how much melanin (or pigment) a person will have in her body. The DNA your baby receives from you and your partner determines if her eyes will be blue, brown, green, or another color. She may be born with blue eyes (the eyes sometimes don't produce much -- if any -- melanin while the baby is in the womb), but after birth, light stimulates the production of melanin, which is why the eye color may darken or change over time."


Question: Why does order in a relay race matter if every runner will run their same individual speed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does order in a relay race matter if every runner will run their same individual speed?

Theres a few things to it, in relay races, runners have a area at the start/end of their stint to pass the batton, some runners will end up doing slightly longer distances, your first runner might not be as good at grabbing the batton so you can remove that possibility, and the last runner could be bad at handing off but if they are last thats not an issue. Another reason is psychological. If runner 1 has a bad stint and is behind, the other runners won't feel defeated instantly because they can push a little harder to claw back some distance


Question: How is it possible for a 700 trillion dollar derivitive bubble to exist?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it possible for a 700 trillion dollar derivitive bubble to exist?

You and I make a $100 bet on the Super Bowl. I make a smaller side bet with Joe in the opposite direction so, if I lose our bet, I don't lose so much, Joe does the same thing with John. John borrowed the money for the bet with Joe and the bank where he borrowed it took out insurance on the loan to John. The insurance company took out some sub-insurance on the insurance they sold to the bank… on and on. Our $100 bet is now worth $1500 when you count all the other people's bets Derivatives are bets on some event and no one has to have any actual personal interest in the event itself, they only use the event as the basis of the bet. Many people can bet lots of money and, like in the housing market of 2008, it can get big quickly.


Question: What's the difference between air frying, convection baking and regular baking?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between air frying, convection baking and regular baking?

Regular baking is heating the oven and things cook by conduction. Oven gets hot, which gets the air next to it hot, which gets the item in the oven hot. Convection baking adds a fan to move the air around, helping to cook more evenly. Air frying is the same as convection, and just a fancy name for all the gadgets trying to be sold to you.


Question: How do mass and gravity effect time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do mass and gravity effect time?

Gravity is not just a force. This effect measures the amount of time that has elapsed between two events by observers at different distances from a gravitational mass. In other words, time runs slower wherever gravity is strongest, and this is because gravity curves space-time.


Question: Why is it easier to wake up when you actually want/need to do something?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it easier to wake up when you actually want/need to do something?

Sleep is controlled by serotonin, acetylcholine and noradrenaline amongst others. In this case, when you need to do something you have higher noradrenaline levels (sympathetic drive) and this causes you to be more awake. It's not to do with dopamine, as others have posted! Source: neuroscience student


Question: Why do images of earth from space not contain satellites and other space junk?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do images of earth from space not contain satellites and other space junk?

I think you're really underestimating how big Earth and the space around it are, and how small those things are in comparison. Also for image satellites it might be more desirable to pick a lower orbit, where there's less of this stuff in the way. On the off chance that something *is* in the way, they might discard the photo and get another one on the next pass.


Question: . How does game source code get lost?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 . How does game source code get lost?

What it comes down to is bad data management. The code has to be stored somewhere and if that storage device is compromised and no backups exist, then you're going to lose that data permanently.


Question: What are the reasons we think we can only move in one direction in time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the reasons we think we can only move in one direction in time?

The increase of entropy (in simple, but slightly incorrect terms, chaos) is what dictates time. In a closed system, the increase of entropy is the only way to "see" time. Entropy can only increase in a closed system like the universe, it takes added energy to decrease entropy. Because we cannot add energy to the universe, like someone else said, entropy cannot be decreased, thus time cannot flow backwards. If you want to dive WAY beyond "like I'm 5" statistical thermodynamics is what really put it into perspective for me.


Question: Why is it necessary for artificial sweeteners to be hundreds upon hundreds of times more sweet than sucrose?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it necessary for artificial sweeteners to be hundreds upon hundreds of times more sweet than sucrose?

It isn't "necessary" per se but it is useful. For example if you have a sweetener which is 1000 times sweeter than sugar then you can get the same flavor by using only one thousandth as much of the sweetener than sugar. That means even if the sweetener has calories you can drop it to basically nothing while keeping the flavor.


Question: How do scientists know how the earth was formed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do scientists know how the earth was formed?

> how do they know that there was a meteor shower long ago that formed the water? This is what we call a testable hypothesis: it's *possible* the water came from meteors, and because Earth continuously loses hydrogen to space at a much greater rate than we lose deuterium we can calculate backwards from the currently observed isotopic ratio on Earth to what the isotopic ratio of those meteors should be. To actually see if our calculations match up with reality, we need to send space probes to test enough different comets to get a representative sample, which we haven't quite done yet. If the measured data, once we get it, doesn't agree with the model then something is wrong with the model and we need to figure out what it is. > and how the core was made? Same basic principle: it's a *possible* explanation which we can use to predict how certain things should work, and test by measuring how those things actually work.


Question: Why did my Powerade stain the asphalt road?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did my Powerade stain the asphalt road?

It has dye in it, to make it the interesting color. That's dye can be pretty light stable, to give the bottle a longer shelf-stable period.


Question: What is a recession? What is the most common cause of it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a recession? What is the most common cause of it?

The economy wants to grow buff so it hits the gym. Over time, it begins to see big noticeable gains. Excitedly, the economy works harder and harder. The frequent personal records motivates the economy to keep going HAM. Soon, warning signs signal the economy to take it easy. One day, the economy injures itself badly while lifting. The sports doctor determines the cause of injury was overtraining, and the economy must now rest or do more damage to itself. While pondering in bed, the economy realizes that during its pursuit of growth it had neglected to nourish other things like forming friendships, practicing good hygiene, educating itself, and also amassed a ton of workout stuff at home -- most of it useless junk that had to get taken out. Thanks to this moment of rest, the economy decides to clean up the things it previously ignored. It also pledged to itself to lift more moderately to avoid injury once it recovered. Issues are buried during growth periods, and recessions unearths them.


Question: How is the umbilical cord connected inside the developing baby, and what happens to those connections (veins/arteries) after the baby is born and the cord is cut?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the umbilical cord connected inside the developing baby, and what happens to those connections (veins/arteries) after the baby is born and the cord is cut?

The umbilical cord contains one vein and two arteries, the vein Carrie's oxygenated blood from the mother to the fetus and it enters into the fetus' circulation via the ductus venosus that connects to the fetus' liver, this then goes into the inferior vena cava, and into the right heart. Since the lungs arent open to air, the circulation bypasses the fetal lungs via the ductus arteriosus which connects the pulmonary artery (the one right after the right ventricle, heading to the lungs in a person who has access to the atmosphere) to the aorta (the biggest vessel, that the left ventricle flows into) and then to the rest of circulation. Unoxygenated blood is returned from the fetus to the mother via the two umbilical arteries that split off near the illiac arteries (around the groin, top of your femurs area). There is also some blood flow that passes from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal heart through something called the foramen ovale. All of these (ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and the foramen ovale) close shortly after birth due to exposure to higher levels of oxygen and difference in pressures in the lungs. In like 25% of the population (rough guess but its surprisingly high) the foramen ovale doesnt close ever. The two ductus' keep constricting and I believe they actually turn into some form of connective tissue that helps with structure, but I'm not 100% on that one. It can take anywhere from 24 hours to 7 day for them to close, and in some babies with congenial heart defects, we actually give medications like indomethacin to keep them open until the baby can receive corrective surgery. Hope that answers the question!


Question: How does Newton's 3rd law work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Newton's 3rd law work?

The bus is indeed being hit by the same amount of force that you are. What you're missing is that a bus is far more massive than you are, so that amount of force affects the bus proportionately less. This is because of Newton's Second Law, which says F = ma. So, suppose you weigh 90kg and a bus weighs 15000kg. That means that if the bus hits you with enough force to accelerate you by 3g, or about 30 m/s^2, the bus only accelerates backwards by 0.18 m/s^2, which is pretty much imperceptible. So you go flying and the bus hardly moves at all.


Question: Besides color, what is the difference between salt, sea salt, pink Himalayan salt, and black lava salt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Besides color, what is the difference between salt, sea salt, pink Himalayan salt, and black lava salt?

OK, let's start with "salt", which when we're in the kitchen is NaCl - Sodium Chloride. Common table salt often has iodine added to it, commonly in the form of potassium iodide. This prevents goitre, and alters the taste. Also, since salt absorbs water from the air, most of the time an 'anti-caking agent' is added (maybe calcium silicate), which has no flavour but keeps the salt from clumping up. Now pickling salt and refined sea salt generally (not always!) do not have these additives; meaning you're going to be getting 100% NaCl. This is what I would use as a base salt for all of my cooking, incidentally. Pink salt, (unrefined) sea salt, lava salt, etc., all are collected from different sources more-or-less unmolested, and have different impurities in them. Although relatively minor, these impurities can definitely impart different flavours to the salt. I find pink (Himalayan) salt to be milder. Black lava salt doesn't actually have any lava, and gets its colour from added charcoal. It adds a bit of richness beyond pure salt, but isn't much different. For some salts, the texture is important as well. Kosher salt is often used because it is (usually) pure salt in coarse grains. Fleur du sel is unrefined sea salt with a lovely delicate texture that is used mostly for finishing food, where you can get the 'crunch' from it without getting a massive salt grain. Any claims about health are utter bullshit.


Question: How did Scientists guess the number of atoms in the universe? What makes us think that number (10^78 - 10^82) is correct, or close to correct?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did Scientists guess the number of atoms in the universe? What makes us think that number (10^78 - 10^82) is correct, or close to correct?

Atoms in the universe is a Fermi problem. You take certain assumptions and then do the math. A similar question would be "how many barbers in NYC"? To solve that, you would say that there are 9 million people in NYC, half are female, so they don't use barbers, making it 4.5 million barber clients, say that men get haircuts on average 10 times a year, so that's 45 million haircuts, and that a barber does an average 30 haircuts a day, and you end up getting 50,000 barbers in NYC. Any of these assumptions may be off, but they are all close enough that your answer will be within 10-20%


Question: Why do small, superficial wounds heal faster on certain areas of the body, like the mouth, than in other areas?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do small, superficial wounds heal faster on certain areas of the body, like the mouth, than in other areas?

The mouth is special for two reasons, one it contains certain chemicals that aid wound regeneration and saliva, saliva provides moisture, cleaning/defence and more good chemicals. In the rest of the body, it differs, certain places in the body have worse blood flow, which inhibits wound regeneration. The dimensions of the wound are important too, if it’s a cut ; it’s easier to heal, as less time/material is required to make a ‘block’. If it only perforates the skin layer (epithelium) and not go further it is also preferable as epithelium grows quickest, if it perforated deeper, into the connective tissue, where you have Nerves and blood vessels, regeneration is gonna take longer.


Question: How does using a Logarithmic scale work for representing something physical?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does using a Logarithmic scale work for representing something physical?

Linear scales only work when the behavior is linear. Logarithmic scales are great for representing anything that follows any power law (square, cubic, etc) or if it is exponential growth or decay. Power laws show up as straight lines on a log-log plot. Exponential growth/decay shows up as a straight line on a log-linear plot. Exponential behavior is not uncommon in nature. All that means is that the rate that something changes is proportional to its size. That happens all the time! The number of births and deaths in a population is proportional to the size of the population. If a small town saw the same amount of births as a big city, that would be very strange. The amount of interest you pay or get paid is proportional to the balance on the account/loan.


Question: How do wounds heal/ or does the body heal itself?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do wounds heal/ or does the body heal itself?

Cells in our body go through what's called "mitosis" which is a process of the cell splitting into two and then those cells grow and then split again. Eventually healing the wound. Mitosis is how we grow as well as how we heal.


Question: In 3D engines, why do spherical objects get split into polygons instead of being defined as spheres?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In 3D engines, why do spherical objects get split into polygons instead of being defined as spheres?

It's inherently easy and fast for a graphics card to draw 3D triangles; this is the basic unit of 3D graphics. The math for spheres is much slower.


Question: How do digital artists take a black and white photo and make it look so realistic with colour?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do digital artists take a black and white photo and make it look so realistic with colour?

Have you ever used photoshop? It's done in layers laid over the original greyscale. Color overlay basically lets you color where the photo is light. As it gets closer to black, the color layer has less effect (simulating the effect of shadow) It really is a little bit like a coloring book, just with shading and subtlety. Make no mistake, it takes practice and a good eye for color.


Question: Why does it seem like all of the color wavelength that we can’t see (UV, infrared, X-Ray, etc.) have special powers, while the ROYGBIV colors don’t?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it seem like all of the color wavelength that we can’t see (UV, infrared, X-Ray, etc.) have special powers, while the ROYGBIV colors don’t?

Different wavelengths including visible light all do have different "powers" visible light is needed for photosynthesis visible light can pass through glass, but ultraviolet light can't. Generally it is because you live in a visible light world you overlook how special it is.


Question: Why do fizzy drinks go flat when you knock them over?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do fizzy drinks go flat when you knock them over?

Because they are no longer contained in the glass, the liquid can spread out across the table and will tend to become flatter.