Question: Why do new computers become cheaper over time (in nominal value) but cars do not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do new computers become cheaper over time (in nominal value) but cars do not?

There are a number of reason: cars aren't really advancing technology in leaps and bounds... there is no Moore's Law equivalent to engine horsepower or anything. The time of tremendous advancement and rapid price decline with autos was the era of the Model T. Since then, it's been adding conforts, from padded seats, to radios, to climate control, to navigation, to all sorts of safety advancements from airbags and crumple zones to ABS, lane detection, etc. Also, the cost of raw materials vs. finished good are different. A pile of silica, plastic, some trace amounts of metal, etc. don't cost much... hundreds of pounds of steel and aluminum, glass, leather, etc. cost a lot as raw materials. R & D, testing, etc. for cars to be deemed aerodynamic, crash safety, various government certifications, etc. all take time and money. Cars are way more costly to transport. Automakers have all sorts of legacy costs like employee and retiree pensions/healthcare to pay for.


Question: Why can't we just surgically remove all the fat in a morbidly obese person in addition to the gastric bypass surgery?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't we just surgically remove all the fat in a morbidly obese person in addition to the gastric bypass surgery?

In small amounts, it's called liposuction. In large quantities, it's way too invasive and traumatic. Fat isn't just a tank of lard, it's actual living cells with blood vessels and everything.


Question: What does local purchasing power mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does local purchasing power mean?

That the same amount of money can buy you more or less 'stuff' in one location than somewhere else. $3000 a month will get you a very nice large house in Kansas, but is less than the cost of a two bedroom apartment in San Francisco. Since food, gas, restaurants etc also cost more in SF, you need to make a lot more money there to have the same purchasing power as a smaller town elsewhere.


Question: What happened to the Chernobyl's power plant nuclear reactor, and what caused the accident to be so fatal so instantaneously?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happened to the Chernobyl's power plant nuclear reactor, and what caused the accident to be so fatal so instantaneously?

Chernobyl is a very complicated mess, but at a very basic level: They wanted to run a safety test. To do so, they would have to bypass some safety features to simulate a dangerous situation. They did this haphazardly though. They didn't communicate things very well, so when the nigh shift crew came in, they didn't know what was happening. But they knew there was a dangerous situation. However, the people in charge wanted their plant to look good for the government, so it ignored these things and told them to run the test anyways. This resulted in the core getting so hot it boiled water away exposing the core. The steam got so hot, the atoms of hydrogen and oxygen seperated. These flammable gasses then exploded, causing the very heavy lid of the core to fly off. Another explosion caused a lot of radioactive material to be released. The explosion happened when a few workers were close by, which is how they died. Others died trying to contain the radiation, exposing themselves to it to stop it from being worse.


Question: If someone buys shares of a company through a brokerage firm, will he still own those shares if the brokerage firm goes bust?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If someone buys shares of a company through a brokerage firm, will he still own those shares if the brokerage firm goes bust?

Yes. The brokerage firm just handles the transaction, the shares belong to you. The brokerage firm is technically holding them for you as an asset that still exists even if the firm goes bust and you should get them transferred to you. I suspect there's some lag in the administration of that so you might not be able to access the shares for a while but they still belong to you.


Question: how do we determine the habitable zones of different stars? Would larger stars have large habitable zones or would the zone just be further away?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do we determine the habitable zones of different stars? Would larger stars have large habitable zones or would the zone just be further away?

The habitable zone is defined as where it is possible for a planet to have liquid water. Keep in mind that in our solar system, Venus is in the habitable zone, and IIRC so is Mars. Just because it's *possible* does not make it true, since there are other factors. In the case of Venus, the greenhouse gasses are far too abundant, making the planet too hot for liquid water. In the case of Mars, its lack of greenhouse gasses (or indeed, a substantial atmosphere at all) makes it too cold for liquid water. The habitable zone is determined by the star's *luminosity*. The brighter the star is, the more energy the star is producing. More energy leaving the star means more energy hitting planets around it, which warms them. Astronomers have a pretty good idea of how stars work in general, so it's fairly easy for them to be able to predict how much light a planet should be getting. They also have a good idea of what the effects of that light hitting a planet would be. So the inner boundary is where there is too much light, and the star would vaporize too much water, releasing too much CO2 with it, and creating the runaway greenhouse affect seen on Venus. The outer boundary is where it doesn't matter how much CO2 a planet has, it won't be enough to keep it warm.


Question: What is happening to someone dying of Radiation poisoning?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is happening to someone dying of Radiation poisoning?

Sunburn - ultraviolet radiation penetrates past the outer (dead cell) layers of your skin, and the photons of UV light interact with the atoms in the sensitive biological chemistry compounds inside the live cells in the deeper layers of your skin, causing unwanted chemical reactions that kill the cell. It it's a "burn" like a "chemical burn" - reactions destroy the cells. X-rays penetrate even more; they're used for x-ray imaging at hospitals because they go right through skin and muscles and are stopped by the denser bones. An x-ray can basically deliver its energy anywhere inside your body, and the sudden chemical reactions could kill the cells... or just destroy some of the DNA and possibly cause the cell to "malfunction" (cancer). Nuclear radiation (gamma) goes through your body as if it were transparent air. You need lead, or a big thickness of less dense materials (cement, water) to stop it. Again, same thing, unwanted chemical reactions that can disrupt your cells and kill them, like a severe fire burn, on the inside. It's painful because your organs are dying, and pain is what your body uses to tell you this. Think severe sunburn or fire burn blisters, inside your organs. Cells bursting, forming blisters, etc.


Question: How do electronics with no moving parts degrade over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do electronics with no moving parts degrade over time?

I'm told that a lot of it comes down to thermal cycling and mechanical vibrations. Electronics are made of a bunch of different components fit together on a microscopic scale. Changes in temperature cause these components to expand and contract at different rates and slowly wiggle themselves apart. Not only this, but normal vibration also contributes to the wiggling problem.


Question: What is MLM/Pyramid scheme and why is it considered a scam?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is MLM/Pyramid scheme and why is it considered a scam?

MLM is a business model where there are (in general) two means of income: 1) A cut of the products you sell directly. 2) A portion of the pay recieved to salesmen that you recruited, which includes a cut of the pay they recieved from the people they recruited. While not *inherently* a scam, it generally is considered a scam because: 1) You usually need to pay the company in order to get your "starting kit" 2) You're incentivised more to recruit more members into your subordinate sales team than you are to actually sell the product Together, these conditions lend themselves to businesses that aren't actually selling a *product*, but rather are selling the starting kit of the job itself. Additionally, while not strictly limited to MLM schemes, many MLMs utilize deceptive recruiting methods, as the people at the "top" of the pyramid care more about recruiting more salesmen than actually moving product.


Question: How can a computer beat a human at chess? No matter how pro a player is, a computer can always beat him. How?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can a computer beat a human at chess? No matter how pro a player is, a computer can always beat him. How?

Being a good strategist at chess basically hinges at how many iterations of the board you can predict. If you're only thinking of the next move, playing against someone experienced you'll always lose basically because they're thinking five or ten moves ahead. A computer program might, for example, be able to look thirty moves ahead. That means they can plan strategies a lot further in advance than you can, and can use that knowledge to steer you in the direction of a loss, basically.


Question: Why should you brush your teeth in the morning?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why should you brush your teeth in the morning?

Over night, the bacteria in your mouth create a thin biofilm that sticks to your teeth and can lead to plaque and tooth decay. People argue about how often you need to disrupt this biofilm to keep your teeth safe, but once every 12 hours, morning and night, is almost certainly enough. (Maybe once a day is enough, but I wouldn't count on it.) Anyway, this is something happening in your mouth whether you are eating or not, and morning is a great time to eliminate the night's production.


Question: Why does it cost so much to run for president?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it cost so much to run for president?

It doesn't, it costs that much to have your name advertised enough for you to win the race for President because America doesn't have spending caps on elections the way democracies do, so the more you spend the more likely you are to be elected but also the more you ave relied upon wealthy people and companies funding your campaign.


Question: Why can't online shopping sites like Best Buy/Amazon/New Egg/etc limit the amount of a specific item someone is allowed to buy based on their IP address in order to avoid scalping?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't online shopping sites like Best Buy/Amazon/New Egg/etc limit the amount of a specific item someone is allowed to buy based on their IP address in order to avoid scalping?

Because they don't care to. If I'm Amazon, I'm happy to sell 1,000 full price units to one person rather than one full price unit to 1,000 people. It's an easier transaction for me, with less friction and costs, and likely less shipping costs as well - sending a truckload to one person is cheaper than breaking up a truckload and sending it to 1,000 people. Also, it's probably trivial to defeat that if you know what you're doing.


Question: I've been really sore so my wife bought me some Epsom salt. I think it actually helped somewhat, but I don't get how sitting in a pool of Magnesium Sulfate makes my muscles feel better? So how does it work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I've been really sore so my wife bought me some Epsom salt. I think it actually helped somewhat, but I don't get how sitting in a pool of Magnesium Sulfate makes my muscles feel better? So how does it work?

Probably 99.9% of the effect is the warm water itself increasing blood flow to the sore muscles.


Question: How does my phone figure out how much to delay video so it matches my Bluetooth headphone delay?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does my phone figure out how much to delay video so it matches my Bluetooth headphone delay?

I know that other streaming protocols have round trip time synchronization built into them which might be what your headset is doing. Basically your phone sends a packet of audio to your headset and then the headset sends back an acknowledgement of receiving it and playing it. The round trip time is measured and divided in half. This allows your phone to know how long it takes and offsets your video play back. As for the issue with being out of sync that is probably because the packet turn around time is an average. One bad packet, one extra delay and it's all off and needs to be synchronized again.


Question: Why do city construction projects cost so much?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do city construction projects cost so much?

Materials, unions, labor, insurances, lawyers, permit fees by the city. The list goes on and on.


Question: how would electric cars be any better than gasoline cars? If everyone has an car, they are going to want a lithium ion battery. Lithium is very pollutant to mine, and also we would have to throw away a ton of them when they die.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how would electric cars be any better than gasoline cars? If everyone has an car, they are going to want a lithium ion battery. Lithium is very pollutant to mine, and also we would have to throw away a ton of them when they die.

1. The mining of lithium is still far less pollution over the lifespan of the car/battery than burning gasoline or diesel is, and the mining for oil that it takes to make it. 1. Lithium based batteries can be recycled to a relatively high degree to make new batteries. It's not done super frequently due to costs right now, but as regulations and carbon taxes come online, it'll make that recycling more worthwhile. 1. Even if your power doesn't come from a "green" source like solar, wind, or hydro, it's still massively more effecient than your cars engine. A typical car engine is in the neighborhood of 20-25% thermally effecient, which means 75-80% of the fuel essentially gets wasted and just turned into heat. Natural gas power plants are generally in the ~35-40% range, but some newer ones get as high as 60% effecient. Meaning that for every gallon of fuel they burn, they get 2-3x as much actual power out of it than you would burning it in your car directly. Plus, since the power generation is centralized, it's much easier to capture and deal with pollutants.


Question: Where does new water go when it enters a container that already contains some water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does new water go when it enters a container that already contains some water?

You can answer your daughters question through a simple experiment. Add dye to the water you will pour in then pour the coloured water into the other bottle filled with plain water. You’ll see some interesting patterns form as the water continues with the same momentum then eventually all the water will be the same colour.


Question: If our brains do not have pain receptors, how does it seem like we want to split our skull when we get migraines or headaches?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If our brains do not have pain receptors, how does it seem like we want to split our skull when we get migraines or headaches?

While the brain itself doesn't have pain receptors, it is surrounded by networks of muscle, membranes, blood vessels, and the like. That's what experiences the pain instead.


Question: Why is it that our finger nails grow faster than our toenails?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that our finger nails grow faster than our toenails?

Better blood flow. The blood flow to your toes is very slow, which is why they’re typically the first things to get amputated with uncontrolled diabetes.


Question: Is there any significant difference in chemical composition between men and women shower gels,shampoos etc. ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there any significant difference in chemical composition between men and women shower gels,shampoos etc. ?

Functionally speaking, no, it's the same chemicals doing the actual cleaning, loosening up dirt & oils, and letting water rinse it away. The only other typical difference comes down to fragrance. Non-functional differences in shape/size of the bottle, color & label design, etc. also mostly exist to convey different gendered qualities; in the sense that they're not really going to use a pink bottle with flower-print labels and a dainty font on a masculine product.


Question: What happens when an animal swallows another animal whole? Does it hurt to get digested or is the animal dead by that time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens when an animal swallows another animal whole? Does it hurt to get digested or is the animal dead by that time?

I would assume it suffocates quickly but just to be sure I'd need to get swallowed myself so I'm gonna go scout out a whale maybe and I'll check back in with you in 3-5 business days. brb


Question: How is the value of a new floating currency determined?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the value of a new floating currency determined?

every morning in the market square they will auction off one forex. however many goats the winning bid is gets translated to their weight in salt and the salt is then sold on the open market. the value of the salt then becomes the price of one forex for the day. this process is repeated at 4:37 every morning.


Question: Are our organs wet on the outside?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are our organs wet on the outside?

There is a moistness to the exterior of our organs, but they aren’t like sopping wet. I’m a Surg tech and handled many various organs after being removed and they are almost like the slickness of an earthworm. That could also be general blood and fluids from the procedure itself, though.


Question: How does the process for animated movies even start and how do they make everything run perfectly together?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the process for animated movies even start and how do they make everything run perfectly together?

Movies started out as individual film photographs. Movie cameras captured live action, but once you had that long strip of film you could do stuff. Some early "special effects" involved inking black-and-white film prints to turn one object a color. From that experiments were done with in-camera double exposure to add sparkles to a scene. When cinematographers got tired of the limits of in-camera work, they said "Hey, cameras can take pictures of drawings." and started taking pictures of drawings to add special effects. Then cartoons just gave up the live footage and did it all with drawings. Walt Disney got an academy award for his development of a multi-plane camera to better photograph cartoon drawings in 1937, and that became the standard approach.


Question: With gravity being tied to mass, if you were in the exact center of an earth sized object in a protected sphere, would you be weightless or experience intense pressure?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 With gravity being tied to mass, if you were in the exact center of an earth sized object in a protected sphere, would you be weightless or experience intense pressure?

Both. If you're in the center of a uniform hollow shell - which ultimately this is, although the walls of it are very thick, you will be weightless, because the gravity in any given direction will be cancelled out by all the other directions. However, the weight of the rest of the planet is still bearing down on your protected sphere, so, um, check for cracks.


Question: Why does nothing work with 3G or even 4G sometimes when years ago it would have been more than enough?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does nothing work with 3G or even 4G sometimes when years ago it would have been more than enough?

Cell phone companies have a limited amount of frequencies (bandwidth) available. LTE uses this available bandwidth more efficiently (more users all getting higher speeds). As more and more people have gotten LTE-capable phones, the cell companies have responded by shifting bandwidth away from 3G and more to LTE to better meet demand, but this does mean that less bandwidth is available for those still using 3G or non-LTE 4G. Of course, there's also an effect that pages simply take up more bandwidth than they used to, simply because average available speeds are constantly increasing.


Question: Why does yawning or chewing gum help our ears pop when changing altitudes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does yawning or chewing gum help our ears pop when changing altitudes?

By doing the similar motion between chewing and yawning, you are [able]( URL_1 ) to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the outside pressure, by letting air enter along the Eustachian tubes, as this does not always happen automatically when the pressure in the middle ear is lower than the outside pressure. More common among divers and aviators is the [valsalva]( URL_0 ) maneuver which is holding your nose and trying to exhale out your nose.


Question: Why do friends say insulting things to each other as a joke?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do friends say insulting things to each other as a joke?

For some people it's simply how they exlress their love, it shows how comfortable they are with eachother. Social boundaries mean so little between them because their friendship/love is so strong. Its different from saying something outright mean; a lot of the time friends know eachother's boundaries and actually do a good job of steering clear. And example to hopefully clarify: Me and my best friend swear at eachother constantly. The worst things we can think of; we find the words pleasing, like the creativity, and honestly its just funny most of the time. I would NEVER say those things to my sister because were not close at all and if I were to call her a name, its because I mean it not because I think the word sounds interesting. However, its different than if he (best friend) were to make fun of my anxiety outright. He is aware it's something I struggle with and does a great job of reminding me of my strengths. He can call me a "weak b*tch" over stupid things that dont matter, but he would never say that during a panic attack. I guess overall the intent of the insults are different, and the social understanding between close friends is something that, outwardly, makes little sense to others.


Question: Why is washing your hands better than using rubbing alcohol?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is washing your hands better than using rubbing alcohol?

When you use hand gel, you are killing the bacteria it comes in contact with. This leaves dirt on your hands that the bacteria can hide in/under. That leaves some still alive. When you wash your hands, you're removing the bacteria and the dirt, so its more effective.


Question: Why do some smells (e.g. manure or mint) clear a stuffy nose?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some smells (e.g. manure or mint) clear a stuffy nose?

Mint and menthol are sensed in the body by special sensory receptors (cold receptors, TRPM8) very much like how spicy food taste spicy (TRPV1). Wasabi produces a similar effect but it's due to the noxious chemical/extreme cold receptor TRPA1. You have those receptors in your mouth and nose (and eyes). Those receptors go to the brain and tells the brain to constrict the blood vessels in your nose/sinus and thus your nose is cleared. Nasal decongestants act to directly constrict the blood vessels without signals from your brain. So basically anything that causes your blood vessels to constrict will clear your nose. Manure probably triggers one of those receptors. I'm not sure which chemical in manure creates that effect edit: I know I threw in a little /r/askscience in there with my explanation, but that's for the curious people to research. You can totally ignore the official receptor names for eli5


Question: Why do regular batteries last for so long whereas rechargeable ones have to be recharged so frequently?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do regular batteries last for so long whereas rechargeable ones have to be recharged so frequently?

Some hold less energy but also the chemicals in rechargables produce a lower voltage (1.2v instead of 1.5v) lots of devices will detect rechargables as less than full battery even when fully charged since the voltage is lower. On top of that the voltage might drop below operational threshold sooner since they start lower. To add to that regargables degrade over time so eventually they hold less charge and wear out with greater frequency.


Question: When adding bleach to fabric, what happens to the original fabric dye?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When adding bleach to fabric, what happens to the original fabric dye?

Bleach works to remove color from fabric because it is an oxidizing agent. The colors exist because certain molecules in whatever causes the color (fabric dye, grass stains) that are structured in a way that causes certain wavelengths to be absorbed, and others reflected, allowing us to perceive that color. When bleach interacts with these molecules, oxidation occurs. This changes the structure of those color molecules, causing them to become something different. Either they’re no longer color-producing molecules, or they no longer absorb any of the visible light, resulting in white. In short, bleach does indeed react with the dye, causing it to no longer be able to reflect color.


Question: What is the difference between Newton’s method, Euler’s Method and linear approximation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between Newton’s method, Euler’s Method and linear approximation?

Newton's method and Euler's method both use a linear approximation to solve different problems. Euler's method is for solving initial value problems--where you have some quantity and you know where it starts and how it changes, then you want to figure out what it changes to. It is essentially a method of numerically integrating a function, similar to Riemann Sums. That is to say, it would be like if you were trying to figure out how far a car travels by noting that it starts at 0, then you can check the speedometer periodically. By assuming a constant speed between checks you can extrapolate the distance the car travels during that window. That assumption of a constant speed is what makes this a linear approximation. If you additionally had an accelerometer and assumed a constant acceleration during between checks then you'd get into a higher order approximation--it would be more accurate at the expense of having to do more computation. As you consider higher and higher derivatives like these (first velocity, then acceleration, then jerk--the rate of change of acceleration over time, and so on) you move into what's known as Runge-Kutta, where the lowest order version of Runge-Kutta is Euler's Method. Newton's method is for finding the roots of an equation. This is where you have some graph and you want to know when it equals zero (which is a powerful way to solve many kinds of practical problems in engineering). You look at the value of the function at some point and you consider what its derivative is (i.e. you look to find a line that is tangent to the graph at that point), then it's quick and easy to find where that line crosses the horizontal axis. That forms the basis for the next guess--you draw a tangent line from there and follow it to its zero. This continues until you're satisfied that you've nearly enough found the zero you were looking for. *Aside: I've assumed the reader has at least a general understanding of some calculus vocabulary to keep this answer from growing too large and unwieldy. I'm happy to go into more detail about tangents and derivatives and whatnot if there's confusion there.*


Question: How do people die of “natural causes?” Can people die without any body issues? Do their bodies just, stop working?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do people die of “natural causes?” Can people die without any body issues? Do their bodies just, stop working?

"Natural causes" is a [legal term]( URL_0 ), typically used to express that the person did not die as a result of an accident, suicide, homicide, or specific diseases. Old age does cause organs to start malfunctioning, which is typically how the elderly die, but a heart attack when young is also a natural cause.


Question: Where does money come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does money come from?

This is a big question, lets get into it, as simply as possible. Before money, or in places today that do not use money, people traded goods or services for other goods or services. For example I trade some fruit for some wood, and the build you a chair in exchange for a... fishing net. Get the idea? Well we decided thats impractical, and through the social tool of 'agreement' (which is the basis of all laws, governments, markets etc.) decided to use 'money' to represent goods/services to be claimed at a later date. This was extremely helpful since these representations don't spoil, and were easy to use, store etc. So lets put this into our example, I trade fruit for money, I use this to buy wood 2 weeks later, I build a chair and sell it to you for money. I use this money to buy a fishing net in the spring. Money has value because we all agree that it has value, it is not as circular as it seems, but it is fragile. Money only works when we can trust that its value will be recognized by others at a later date. Throughout history we have seen that when this trust fails (corruption, disaster etc.) the value of money is one of the first things to go. This is why you don't see Rick and his friends on the Walking Dead carrying around briefcases of cash, theres no agreement on its value, or trust that such an agreement would hold.


Question: Why does ice reduce swelling but improve blood flow on athletes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does ice reduce swelling but improve blood flow on athletes?

Cold things tend to shrink (thus the reduced swelling). But our body doesn't like cold body parts, so it tries to warm up again. To do that, it pumps more blood there, because our blood is warm


Question: What is an Identity Crisis?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is an Identity Crisis?

Usually a period of time in which you realize that you don't know yourself at all. Either you're realizing that you have forgotten who you are or that you've fashioned an artificial identity based on the wants and desires of others and not your own. Often triggered a significant that brought a lingering suspicion into a full perspective. Not sure how I'd explain it to a 5yo without a full blown conversation. They haven't exactly developed a concept of self identity yet.


Question: how do diffusers create mist without heating the water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do diffusers create mist without heating the water?

I'm not sure how PV=nRT applies here as we don't have a compressible fluid. The key thing to realise is that mist is not made up of steam, but tiny buoyant liquid water droplets. The ultrasonic vibrations would serve to shake the water enough to form these tiny droplets.


Question: Why is it bad to use flash photography around art / artifacts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it bad to use flash photography around art / artifacts?

I would imagine it’s the same reason why cellphones cause airplanes to crash and gas tanks to blow up. They don’t. They just want people to pay attention to what they are doing instead of taking photos. Also flashes are super annoying. Could you imagine trying to enjoy a painting in a dimly lit room and suddenly 30 bright lights flash in your face? Now you have little light blobs burned into your vision ruining the rest of you art viewing for a few minutes. Also a lot of art has glass over it so a flash would just reflect off and look terrible anyway. Ever tried to take a picture of an aquarium with a flash? Doesn’t work.


Question: How Do You Calculate a Ramp Jump? Like angle/speed/distance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How Do You Calculate a Ramp Jump? Like angle/speed/distance?

Hi this is fairly simple. You can use the kinetics equations and in particular solve them for [projectile motion]( URL_1 ). You just need to plug-in the initial speed and the angle of the ramp. Edit: I want to also say it’s not unreasonably hard to calculate [air resistance]( URL_0 ) either. I think the way to use this most simply would be to apply it as a horizontal acceleration.


Question: Why does the fibonacci sequence appear so often in nature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the fibonacci sequence appear so often in nature?

A whole lot of the supposed "fibonacci spirals" that appear in nature, are in fact just general logarithmic spirals, misnamed by people. In fact even your example looks by eye to be a bit too tight to be a true fibonacci spiral. So the answer is that, it doesn't really show up more often than lots of other sequences.


Question: What are intrusive thoughts, and what causes them to happen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are intrusive thoughts, and what causes them to happen?

This one is hard to explain simply. A well known example is called The Call of the Void, and it's where just absolutely randomly, for no reason you'll imagine yourself or feel the urge to veer off the road into a tree, or jump off a high building, or throw yourself into traffic. Intrusive thoughts are like that, they're created and imprinted into your consciousness by your subconscious mind. They're not limited to this but it's a good example.


Question: How is that our bodies know not to crap the bed while we sleep?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is that our bodies know not to crap the bed while we sleep?

Over millions of years our bodies have learned to not "crap" while we sleep so we don't get clubbed to death.


Question: Why do adults snore louder and more often than kids?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do adults snore louder and more often than kids?

The same way an old engine makes more ticks and clicks than a brand new Honda engine. Older age means more respiratory disease, wear and tear in respiratory tissues, medication side effects ect. All of which reduce respiratory function and efficiency Edit: a word


Question: How and when do business adjust for inflation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How and when do business adjust for inflation?

Businesses adjust to it many different ways. One of the most interested is in consumer products and the way they hide their inflation. Not long ago, the standard size for a can or bottle of something (not soda) in the grocery store was 16 oz. But if you look now, the price hasn't changed but most can sizes are now 12 oz or 14oz. That's the product of inflation by either the manufacturer, the retail grocer, or both.


Question: Why does drinking cold water feels more "tasteful" than hot water even though both are the same, "tasteless"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does drinking cold water feels more "tasteful" than hot water even though both are the same, "tasteless"?

My water is not tasteless. There's all kinds of smells and tastes in there. A bit of salt, the taste of chlorine, and whatever it picked up from the pipes. Cold water makes those chemicals less active, and so fewer of them make their way out of the water and into your nasal passages where you can smell them.


Question: Why are portion sizes often so much smaller than what is actually eaten/consumed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are portion sizes often so much smaller than what is actually eaten/consumed?

The FDA mandates the portion sizes that have to put listed on nutrition labels. Those portion sizes were originally based on how people were eating in the 1950's, and were periodically modified until the early 80's. Modern eating habits are different than what they were 40 years ago, and this accounts for some of the small portion sizes. IE, 40 years ago it was more common to eat small portions of several foods during a single meal, whereas modernly people are more likely to eat a large portion of one food. But the largest contribute to the small portion sizes is the fact that people used to eat for fewer calories than they do today. Modern Americans eat about 20% more calories today than they did in the 1980's. This increase in caloric intake isn't healthy and the FDA has been resistant to modifying portion sizes out of concern that putting unhealthy portion sizes on nutrition labels would encourage unhealthy eating.


Question: why does soda or other carbonated beverages foam up when poured over ice?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does soda or other carbonated beverages foam up when poured over ice?

Common ice cubes have uneven surfaces. When carbonated water touches those bumpy surfaces, it gives something for the carbon dioxide to cling to. The bubble eventually grows large enough that the upward pull causes it to lose hold of the icecube, float to the surface and break! Before it breaks, it causes the foam you see.


Question: How do modern vehicles prevent wireless keys from being locked inside?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do modern vehicles prevent wireless keys from being locked inside?

As a person that’s worked at a Car rental place. They really don’t, most cars will give you a message in the dash about keys inside but that’s about it. I’ve had to deal with locked cars that are keyless and having to unlock them with tools. Hell, you could even start your car up go back inside and leave the keys inside and you can still drive the car without the keys just don’t turn off it off.


Question: With so much change already in circulation, how is there already a change shortage in the USA?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 With so much change already in circulation, how is there already a change shortage in the USA?

Much of the issue is circulation rather than supply. Businesses are trying to do less cash payments due to the risk of infection and this leads to less cash and coins being turned in to the banks. In turn they have fewer coins to give back to businesses. The other half of the issue is that fewer coins are being produced right now because it isn't terribly critical.


Question: Why do City lights flicker when seen from a distance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do City lights flicker when seen from a distance?

Two reasons that I can think of. One is particulates in the air, like dust, that changes how much light gets through. As dust moves around, it blocks some light, which you'll see as flickering. The other reason is light refraction due to humidity and temperature variations.


Question: Are Safe Injection Sights actually helpful? Is it a band aid solution that we're using because it actually does prevent overdoses or one we're using to just ignore the bigger picture?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are Safe Injection Sights actually helpful? Is it a band aid solution that we're using because it actually does prevent overdoses or one we're using to just ignore the bigger picture?

You can't detox dead addicts. Dead addicts don't recover. Most who oppose safe injection sites could care less if addicts die. The rest would be quite happy if addicts die.


Question: Is it refined sugar or the meat that's bad for you? I watched two documentaries on Netflix "Fed Up" and "What the health", first says sugar is bad for you, and the second says it's not the sugar that's bad, it's the meat.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is it refined sugar or the meat that's bad for you? I watched two documentaries on Netflix "Fed Up" and "What the health", first says sugar is bad for you, and the second says it's not the sugar that's bad, it's the meat.

Neither are healthy to consume in large amounts for different reasons. That’s the ultimate takeaway from documentaries like these.


Question: How are reality TV shows like Married At First Sight scripted?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are reality TV shows like Married At First Sight scripted?

I haven't worked on them but I've read tell all from some of them. They are told to say and do a lot of particular things but even more so they chop the events up and realign them to make it seems more dramatic, or nothing happens for a week and they catch the 1 moment something happened and call it an ongoing fued. Theres rules to reality shows but they are pretty loose.


Question: Why does water climb up into tissue?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does water climb up into tissue?

Because of the capillary effect. The water molecules have a tiny amount of attraction to particles of other materials. Other substances have that too, it’s called adhesion, but it’s particularly strong in water. The range f this force is very small, though. But in tissue paper, or very thin tubes, the distance from each water molecule the the next non-water particle is small enough for it to use the adhesion force to „climb“ up. At some point the weight of the water column that travelled upwards becomes larger than the force pulling it upwards and the climbing stops. The thinner the space is that the water travels through, the higher it can go.


Question: Can someone explain why a Government deficit is made out to be so bad, especially since it appears that most Governments are running them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can someone explain why a Government deficit is made out to be so bad, especially since it appears that most Governments are running them?

Government debt is complicated, but I'll try my best to ELY5. When the US government spends more than it takes in, it issues treasury bonds to help cover the cost. Anybody can buy these bonds. Citizens, banks, foreign governments, even the US government (more on this later)! The bond basically says "I promise to pay 30 dollars to whomever holds ownership of this bond, on January 1st 2047." Now an investor might buy that bond today for $25. After 30 years, she can redeem it for the full (par) value. But maybe she doesn't want to hold onto it for the full time. She can sell that bond to another investor in the secondary market. As the bond gets closer to its maturity date, it becomes more valuable. So after holding the bond for a few years, she sells it for $26. Profit! So who owns these bonds? Anybody. Everybody. Doesn't matter. They are flying around in the secondary market, being bought and sold like crazy. Investors prefer US treasury bonds because they are a super-safe investment to stash money in while they search for other investments. "But," I can hear you say "isn't it bad to get yourself further and further in debt? Won't your debt payments eventually overwhelm your finances?" Well, sort of. When the government runs a deficit, it justifies it with economic growth. As the economy grows, more taxes are collected. More taxes means more revenue for the government and thus it can support a larger debt burden. On a personal note, I think that congress has been irresponsible about running too large a deficit, but there isn't much political will to balance the budget. So how do we tell if we have too much debt? The most common answer is to examine the debt-to-gdp ratio. As long as our economy grows faster than our debt, we're winning. This might be the end of our story except there's a complication: The Fed. The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the US. They control (among other things) how much money goes into the US economy. As the economy grows, you need more money to facilitate the increased trade. So the Fed "creates" new money to flow into the economy. The way the Fed accomplishes this is by buying Treasury bonds on the secondary market (they are prohibited by law from buying directly from the treasury). The Fed creates "new" money and then uses it to buy treasury bonds. So let's suppose the Fed bought our investor's bonds for $26. What do they do with this thing when it matures? It's not like the Fed needs the money (they can magically create as much as they need). So instead, the Fed simply hands the payment right back to the treasury. This is why they say the government owes money to itself. So instead of looking exclusively at total government debt, it's better to look at "debt held by the public" to get a better sense of the size of the problem. I hope this helps. Let me know if you have any questions.


Question: How do air breathing sea animals like dolphins or whales not drown during violent seastorms?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do air breathing sea animals like dolphins or whales not drown during violent seastorms?

I think you're greatly underestimating how comfortable marine mammals are in the ocean. They're literally in their element. They pop up and take a breath, no big deal. If you've ever seen seals in a high surf zone, they just bob & float with not a care in the world, and duck underwater at the right time to avoid injury. And *that's* near a rocky coast, a far more dangerous environment than the open ocean. For one, marine mammals are flexible, compared to the rigid hull of a ship which is prone to breakage. For another, they're small & nimble compared to aircraft carriers & tankers. Surfacing during huge swells would feel more akin to an amusing ride than a life-threatening scenario. They're also made to be *in* the water, not on top of the water. Trying to keep an open canoe afloat in rough weather would be a harrowing experience. But simply floating an incredibly buoyant body near the surface? No challenge whatsoever. Marine mammals are incredibly well-designed for taking quick gulps of air, and in large seas it's easy to time breaths so they don't take in gulps of water. Finally, I'll add that all marine creatures are by definition fine-tuned to ocean living. Even experienced humans (surfers, for example) can feel inertial changes underwater and sense when wave crests are approaching. Marine mammals' ability to read water far outstrips ours, as you can imagine, which would give them further ability to withstand, even enjoy, large seas. At sea you can often see dolphins surfing the swells, and I wouldn't be surprised if they used large storms to their benefit, traveling long distances with minimal effort.


Question: How were mathematicians able to calculate pi without accurate measurements?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How were mathematicians able to calculate pi without accurate measurements?

Before calculus, you computed the perimeter of a polygon inside a circle, then the perimeter of one outside a circle, [like this]( URL_0 ), and took their average. The more sides the polygon has, the better the approximation. After calculus, they discovered infinite series that added up to pi, like: 4 - 4/3 + 4/5 - 4/7 + 4/9... Computing more accurate versions of pi was just a matter of how many terms you wanted to use.


Question: why sometimes projects encourage you to check several checksums instead of just one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why sometimes projects encourage you to check several checksums instead of just one?

It is possible, through some very meticulous manipulation, to create something that looks extremely similar to the original product, but has something malicious injected, and some extra stuff just to make the MD5 value match. In theory, you can also do the same for a SHA1 hash. Making something that can break both of those simultaneously? That would be incredibly tricky.


Question: Why are revolver cylinders still used?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are revolver cylinders still used?

Revolvers are a simpler mechanism, so usually must more reliable, magazine fed automatics, being more complex, are more prone to jam. The advantages of more rounds available, without reloading, are not that relevant to most gun owners.


Question: Why does saltwater accelerate rust formation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does saltwater accelerate rust formation?

Iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide (which is rust). When that happens iron atoms give electrons to the oxygen atoms. Now when salt is dissolved in water it becomes positive and negatively charged ions. These ions help take electrons from the iron atoms, and are free to float over to the oxygen atoms to give it to them.