Question: When we look at something close to our eyes they get strained but when we close our eye our eyelids don't make our eyes strain, why?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 When we look at something close to our eyes they get strained but when we close our eye our eyelids don't make our eyes strain, why?

Because when your eyes are shut, they aren’t looking at anything. When you you’re focusing on an object close to your face it takes effort to maintain that focus. Or if it is a bright object a lot of light is focusing on your retina damaging it.


Question: how do electric vehicles harness braking energy to charge batteries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
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 how do electric vehicles harness braking energy to charge batteries?

Electric motors. work the same as generators - and essentially they are the same thing. Think "direction of power flow" They can take electrical energy and convert to mechanical energy (the RATE or how fast they can do this is their power) and visa-versa. So when using Regenerative Braking, they use the motors as generators and convert the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle back into electricity...which then is actually converted to chemical (electro chemical) potential energy by charging the battery. E1- > A.D.D. sentence corrected


Question: Can someone explain the basics of stoichiometry to me pls?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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 Can someone explain the basics of stoichiometry to me pls?

It’s just ratios and balancing out atoms on each side of the reaction... Is there anything specific you need help with?


Question: Why can we not clearly see/look at ultraviolet lights? What makes them seem blurry?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why can we not clearly see/look at ultraviolet lights? What makes them seem blurry?

UV lights generate a small level of top end blue/violet light, and that's what you can see. UV light by definition is light that falls beyond the upper limit of our visual spectrum. If the light gave out nothing but UV it would not appear to be lit at all. As for why pure blue/violet lights are something we can't focus on, that's down to a quirk with our visual systems. Most of what you see in the natural world falls within the red/green band of vision. Earth, rocks, animals, trees, pretty much most terrestrial features. Our ability to detect blue light is really mostly there to enable us to distinguish more colours, it's not there for the purposes of resolution - or seeing detail. Linked into that, the focussing system in our eyes is optimized for red/green light, and disregarding the blue. When your eye and brain thinks you're focussed on a point, it will be assuming that point is lit with red/green light. Blue would require a different focus because blue light bends differently to red and green in our eyes.


Question: How does (Economic) Protectionism work?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How does (Economic) Protectionism work?

As shipping cost decreased because of ships, rail , airplanes, the internet (ships information) it becomes easier to ship move goods around. So let's say you live in a northern climate country, not suited to grow sugar Cain, but people still want sugar so farmers plant beats to turn into sugar. , but beats aren't a great way to make sugar, you need a lot of them so making sugar from beats costs about $1 per pound. So sugar is expensive. Well cargo ships are invented and these ships can sail south to a tropical country, this country is great for growing sugar Cain and can produce sugar much more efficient at about 0.25 a pound. So now the cargo ships buy the sugar at $.25 sail back and sell it for $.60 and everyone is happy for cheaper sugar, you can now buy sugar 40% cheaper and most everyone is a little happier as sugar cost decreased. Baker's are happy , candy makers are happy for cheap sugar. The beat farmers are now very unhappy, they are out of jobs. Now two schools of thought come up. laissez faire free trade. This is good, most all people benefit from lower sugar prices. Yea it sucks for the beat farmers, but they should just now learn to plant wheat, or barley, or raise anamals. Economic nationalism (trade protectionism). this is harmful because it puts people out of work. We need to stop importing sugar, or put a $0.75 tariffs on it so our farmers can complete. Sure everyone will pay a bit more for sugar but now our farmers won't go out of business.


Question: what is so bad about high fructose corn syrup? Is it worse than cane sugar (for example)?

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 what is so bad about high fructose corn syrup? Is it worse than cane sugar (for example)?

HFCS is one aspect of the overall problem, but it's generally singled out due to its artificial, highly processed nature when compared to "natural" sweeteners like cane sugar. HFCS (and other similar sweeteners) are bad because they can lead to dangerous overconsumption of foods containing them, leading to obesity and other illnesses. It provides almost no nutritional value, but since the body is hardwired to crave sweet things it's very addictive. When consumed, simple sugars like HFCS are rapidly broken down, leading to huge spikes of blood sugar and corresponding insulin release that fade quickly, which leads to a cycle of hunger and further consumption of those foods. Over time, this can cause a number of obesity related diseases. But on its own, HFCS has no scientifically demonstrated danger or negative health effect it doesn't share with other similar sweeteners that aren't as highly processed.


Question: Why was the Vietnam War so protested?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why was the Vietnam War so protested?

The protests were caused by a few key factors. 1. The War was pointless. - The US got involved in Vietnam due to concerns of communism spreading to South Vietnam. First and foremost, this was simply a proxy war against Russia, which shouldn't have cost 60,000 US citizens their lives. 2. The Draft. - On top of this, the soldiers forced to fight in this pointless war were mostly drafted from two draft lotteries conducted by the US government. So people who knew how pointless this war was were still forced to fight, or be thrown in jail. 3. Lastly, The Hippies, and Anti-War feelings. - During the 60's free love and peace was a very common mentality among a majority of citizens. Most citizens were anti war in general and just didn't want to get involved after the events of WW2. **TL;DR** Vietnam war was a pointless dick measuring contest, Drafts suck, and lots of citizens were against wars in general during that time period.


Question: What are subtypes and supertypes in databases?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What are subtypes and supertypes in databases?

A supertype is simply a "parent" type of another database object, while a subtype is that database object. For example, if "vehicles" are your supertype, they might have subtypes of "sedan", "truck", "van", etc.


Question: How do sunflowers “know” which way the sun is facing?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How do sunflowers “know” which way the sun is facing?

To know which way the sun is they have light sensitive proteins which detect the energy in the light from the sun. To face the sun, when the proteins detect the light they cause a series of chemical reactions in the stalk of the sunflower which moves water in and out of its cells to create pressure and tension stretch and bend the stalk towards the sun!


Question: What makes the storage of data so costly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What makes the storage of data so costly?

First I'd like to say that storage of data in the cloud is dirt cheap, so I don't really understand the motivation of your question. A rule of thumb is $0.02 per month per GB. How is that expensive? Now for the cost drivers: * Availability: If you want a guarantee that your data will always be available to you, the provider has to duplicate it, so that if anything bad happens to the "original" storage they can point you to the "copy" instead; Similarily backup & recovery also require additional copies to be kept all the time, so for every GB of data you actually have to pay for several more GB as well * Security: If you want your data to be safe from theft and manipulation, the provider has to employ security measures, like different types of encryption, an elaborate idendity and access management, network separation etc.; this is not specifically for your data, but you will have to pay for a share of it * Processing: The actual expensive part of cloud hosting is not data storage, but data processing. So the more you work with that stored data, the more expensive it gets. Copy stuff? Expensive. Encrypt/decrypt stuff? Expensive. Upload new data? Expensive. Browse your files? Expensive. * Hardware and basic operations: Your data resides on some kind of hardware, even in the huge cloud datacenters of Amazon, Microsoft, IBM, or Google. That hardware costs money, both in original purchase and in upkeep, as in replacing faulty disks, providing it with electricity, cooling it, monitoring its health, occasionally scanning for viruses etc. * Profit: The hosters want to make money of the services they are offering to you, so most likely you not only pay the storage, but also quite a few "useful services" around it. This is like when you buy a washing machine, they also offer you a warranty extension, water softener, sock sacks, special detergents etc.


Question: how audio books are made?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how audio books are made?

Yes they are read word for word. It can be a long, rough grind to do it all. There's no AI tech nonsense magic. Someone literally reads it into a microphone in a booth.


Question: What does the numbering system mean with PC application versions? Why is it likely to see a sequence like 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 2.0, rather than 1, 2, 3, 4?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What does the numbering system mean with PC application versions? Why is it likely to see a sequence like 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 2.0, rather than 1, 2, 3, 4?

A little analog: When you have your first place to live (house, apartment and so on) that would be version 1.0. If you were to make changes to it, like renewing the kitchen, then you get 1.1. So after a few years, after much work of making change you could and up with let's say 1.12. But then you home to somewhere and have to get a new place. That place would be 2.0. Does this answer your question?


Question: Why do studio photographers use flash bulbs to light their subjects? Wouldn’t continuous lighting be more time-efficient because you could see what you’re lighting as you light it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do studio photographers use flash bulbs to light their subjects? Wouldn’t continuous lighting be more time-efficient because you could see what you’re lighting as you light it?

There’s more to it than time effectiveness. Studio photographers often use what’s called strobe lights. Strobe lights can have two types of bulbs in them that offer different functions: 1. One light is a constant light, called a modeling light. It’s purpose is just to provide light so you can see what you’re lighting as you light it. 2. The other light is the flash tube. This basically puts out a much brighter source of instantaneous light. The benefit behind using a light that flashes is as long as it’s brighter than the light around it, it freezes motion. This allows you to maximize your camera settings to get the best quality picture with sharp settings. Some photographers do use constant lights, such as Jason Lanier. He likes using them because he knows they’ll always work, and he can always see what they’re putting out. So they can work well. They can also help restrict the iris and allow the subject to show off their eyes. However, cost wise, a really good set of constant lights will set you back a pretty penny compared to flashes or strobe lights. Those cheap one’s on amazon are garbage. Your camera settings will often be higher quality with regular flash then constant lights and allow you to freeze motion more easily. Some constant lights will also heat up much more quickly, and you don’t want the subject getting sweaty. Lastly, it’s really not that hard to guess and check lighting, and experienced photographers will have already set the lights up before the subject even gets there.


Question: Why is China lowering the Yuan to a decade year low a big deal?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
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 Why is China lowering the Yuan to a decade year low a big deal?

Does your country trade with China? If yes, the exchange rate is important. If the Chinese Yuan (CNY) devalues, it means you can buy Chinese-made stuff cheaper. You are discouraged from buying local-made stuff since the price is higher. Even if you personally don’t buy Chinese goods, manufacturers will still buy Chinese electronics, steel, agricultural products, plastics, etc and sell the finished food to you. This benefits Chinese companies more than local ones. Obviously, as a consumer you wish for the CNY to devalue even more so you can buy stuff for even cheaper. As a business, it depends if your products are easily substituted with Chinese goods (eg steel vs steel, or computer chips vs computer chips). If you have something unique, you have no risk of losing out and can enjoy lowered costs from cheaper raw materials. If you have very similar products, you will be destroyed by cheap Chinese imports.


Question: What exactly is a citizen's arrest, and how does it work?

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<answer>
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 What exactly is a citizen's arrest, and how does it work?

In Sweden anyone can arrest someone that is committing a crime that is punishable with jail time and that you see the crime being committed with your own eyes. This is what pretty much all the security guards use as they don’t have any special rights here like the police do. After that you must turn the person over to the police.


Question: What determines the value of a sports franchise? How come some really unsuccessful franchises are worth so much more money than some other really successful franchises?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What determines the value of a sports franchise? How come some really unsuccessful franchises are worth so much more money than some other really successful franchises?

They sell tickets, get sponsors, money from TV broadcasting, sell stuff with their name and logo on it. Usually how good a team is is somewhat correlated to how popular they are which is then correlated to how many people are going to spend money on them, both as sponsors and consumers. But if it's a traditional club with really dedicated fans or if the design of their logo is just nice so that people who are not into sport still wear that, their value could be high despite their success being meh.


Question: Why do distant lights appear to "shimmer"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do distant lights appear to "shimmer"?

The air bends light very slightly, and in a somewhat random direction. These tiny changing perturbations cause lights to twinkle and shimmer. It is why the stars twinkle!


Question: How can you buy options for a small fractional percent of what they're valued?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can you buy options for a small fractional percent of what they're valued?

Yeah... but the option is just that: its a right to buy the share in question at a fixed price at some point in the future. You still have to buy the share itself. PLUS, the risk in the option is what if the share price goes the other way. Lets say you get an option to buy STK at $10/share. STK currently trades at $8.95, and what you're HOPING is that a year from now when you _vest_ your option the price is > $10. The difference between the actual share price and your option strike price is how much you just gained miraculously out of thin air. So you pay $0.60 for the option to buy STK at $10. Later on its time to vest. IF STK is higher than $10.60 you've made money. If its lower than, you've lost money. When your employer grants you stock options as part of your compensation, its (in theory at least) an incentive for you to work hard so the company does well so the stock price goes up (in your case, above the strike price specified in your option.)


Question: Where does burned fat go? As in how does the body get rid of the extra weight when one loses a few pounds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does burned fat go? As in how does the body get rid of the extra weight when one loses a few pounds?

We breath it out. & #x200B; Our body breaks down the fat to make energy, and the waste is turned into carbon dioxide, which is sent through your blood into your lungs, and breathed out. A little bit of water is also produced, so you might pee out a bit of the remainder as well, but it's mostly carbon dioxide.


Question: How much of a connection is there between being good at basic math and mastering algebra, calculus?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How much of a connection is there between being good at basic math and mastering algebra, calculus?

Engineer here. It's still a large gap from High School maths to Math analysis / Calculus. College Algebra is more accessible (the initial parts, then it gets hard as the rest). From my experience. To pass with good grades you need to study a bit BUT solving A LOT of exercises. Maths in college are a mix between understanding and remembering what you should do. *You have to know what to do immediately:* That a major difference between College math and HS. You don't have a lot of time to think about how are you going to solve that problem or pre-testing on how you will solve that. You need to have that type of exercises burnt into your head. That requires a lot of exercise solving, even if you don't understand all the steps. Of course you can try to understand it all. But most of the cases you have other things to study for / projects to deliver, etc. I don't think it's a bad thing. You will forget about those exercises in the next semester but the essential part will still remain. Also forcing to solving exercises separates the Lazy students from the hard-working ones. College is about hard-working. The intelligence parts it's not as relevant as it was in during HS. > How much of a connection is there between being good at basic math and mastering algebra, calculus? Keep in mind after you "Master" something you still need to train everyday.


Question: Why is it that sometimes we tend to get carsick?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that sometimes we tend to get carsick?

It is caused by the brain being confused, as it is tricked into thinking it is moving in ways that it actually isn't. Car sickness is the same as seasickness. The constant movement changes mean that your inner ear, the part of you that tells your brain whether you are upright or lying down or falling, is telling your brain it needs to do things to keep you balanced but your body is actually standing still or sitting down. So all the signals going to your brain get mixed up and clash and cause motion sickness.


Question: so when you breath in you take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. so were does the oxygen go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 so when you breath in you take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. so were does the oxygen go?

Your body's cells are little slow-burning furnaces that keep your body alive. Blood delivers oxygen to your cells, and the furnaces combine the oxygen with basic sugars and burn them. The byproduct of this combustion is carbon dioxide and water. The basic formula for combustion is sugar plus oxygen yields heat plus carbon dioxide plus water C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -- > heat + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O One cool thing about combustion is that it is the way that you burn fat. Your cells burn fat, and the weight is lost as you exhale the carbon dioxide and water.


Question: What is bankruptcy and how does it actually work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is bankruptcy and how does it actually work?

There are different types if bankruptcy, and they work differently for people and businesses, but this is the jist of it: You file paperwork with the court saying that you can no longer pay your bills. You owe too much to realistically ever pay it back. So the court works with you and the people you owe money to come up with a payment plan so that they get their money and you can keep on living. That plan can involve you selling off extra assets you own, extending the payment plans on your debt, or securing debt consolidation loans to roll up a bunch of smaller debts into one bigger loan that you can pay back over time.


Question: Why does liquid bubble when it boils?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does liquid bubble when it boils?

When you heat up a pan or beaker of water (or look inside a glass-sided kettle) you will see bubbles starting to form on the bottom before it has reached boiling point. (Young people may think this is boiling and switch off the kettle, therefore they are not able to make a proper cup of tea.) These bubbles are mainly air. The water has air dissolved in it, but the solubility decreases at higher temperature. The bubbles also contain water vapor. As the temperature increases, there is more and more water vapor. At the boiling point, the the bubbles are completely vapor, and may form anywhere within the bulk of the liquid. Now is the time to make the tea.


Question: Why it is harder to go towards the Sun than towards Pluto?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why it is harder to go towards the Sun than towards Pluto?

Any spacecraft launched from Earth is moving along with the Earth in it's direction of motion at considerable speed, 67,000 mph (107,000 kph). In order to reach the outer solar system, a spacecraft only needs to add a little bit to this speed, even less if you want to use gravity assists from the outer planets. To get close to the sun however, a spacecraft has to cancel out almost *all* of the speed it has from moving with the Earth, meaning it has to cancel out almost all of that 67,000mph velocity around the sun so the sun's gravity can pull it in.


Question: Why is a full eye transplant still not possible?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is a full eye transplant still not possible?

Once the optic nerve has been severed, there is (currently) no way to reattach them all. The optic nerve is comprised of over **one million** nerve fibers, all smaller than 1mm in diameter. It just has too many parts that are way too small. A team of doctors and scientists over at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center is hopeful that they'll be able to do it within the next decade, but it just isn't possible at present.


Question: Why are we afraid to do something when the result can only be better than doing nothing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are we afraid to do something when the result can only be better than doing nothing?

In some cases, even when we know that doing any action is better than no action, most people still want to optimize to do the best action. Suppose I give you three envelopes, and I tell you that one contains $100, one contains $1000, and one contains $10000, and you get to open one of them and keep the contents. You might try to figure out which one contains the $10K, because that's much better than the other two, and as long as you think there's a possibility of learning something that will improve your chances, you probably won't take any action. Suppose I tell you instead that the lightest envelope contains the $10K, but you don't have a scale. You'll probably spend a lot of time lifting the envelopes, trying to decide which one feels lightest. If I set a timer, you'll probably make a decision before the timer runs out, but some people won't even be able to do that. Even getting $100 is better than getting nothing, but the fear of choosing wrong is overwhelming for many people. Now extrapolate from this very simple example to real-world situations with more complex inputs and more drastic end results, and you'll see why analysis paralysis is a thing. The Wikipedia page on analysis paralysis ( URL_0 ) goes into this more, and while I haven't read it, the book "The Tyranny of Choice" is often referred to on this topic.


Question: How do people who gather statistics report the number of people who don't do a certain thing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do people who gather statistics report the number of people who don't do a certain thing?

You surely a large group of people and ask how many have been raped, then you also ask whether or not they reported it. So instead of looking at cases, you look at the incidents.


Question: Why does some thunder sound like a rumble and others an explosion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does some thunder sound like a rumble and others an explosion?

High frequencies (the "crispier" or tearing sounds) lose energy over distance quicker than low frequencies (rumbles and booms), so at a long distance you only hear the great rumbles. If you are closer to the lightning, you will hear more high frequencies, and it will sound like a tearing explosion!


Question: Why is it that I wake up feeling sick whenever I sleep with the A/C on the cool setting?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that I wake up feeling sick whenever I sleep with the A/C on the cool setting?

Could have bacteria in it. One summer I got sick with a lung infection twice after using my window ac unit and I put it together and got the unit replaced, haven't had a problem getting sick after using the ac again. Mold can grow inside them and the spores can get blown out with the cold air and when that gets breathed in it can make you sick with anything from sniffles to pneumonia.


Question: Why didn’t any astronomers see the meteor that went past Michigan?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why didn’t any astronomers see the meteor that went past Michigan?

It is all about the size. With current technology and resources, astronomers can detect nearly all meteors that could potentially get close to earth larger than 100 meters. If it is smaller than 100 meters, like the one on michingan (around 2 meters) we have neither the technology nor the resources to see every single of those objects.


Question: Why do noice canceling headphones make me feel sick/give me a headache but not have the same effect on others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do noice canceling headphones make me feel sick/give me a headache but not have the same effect on others?

Not everyone does, but many people do in fact feel pressure and or feel sick from using them. It's not rare at all.


Question: what is the practical application of imaginary numbers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is the practical application of imaginary numbers?

Imaginary numbers provide a way of modelling periodic motion, for example any kind of periodic wave function (light, current, voltage, friction). The reason they were created is in order to solve certain 'unsolvable' polynomial equations that ended up with sqrt(-1). Many mathematicians believe that if an equation resulted in sqrt(-1), then it was unsolvable. However some decided just to run with it and label this 'impossible' result as 'i' or 'j'. It turned out that if this was done and an equation was tacked utilising the imaginary number 'i' or 'j', then the resultant imaginary numbers made by calculating the answer would usually cancel out, leaving a completely real and solved equation at the end. By real, I mean the answer was a real number (1,2,3...). And when the results of these equations were used to model the world, they turned out to be perfectly correct! Therefore its use for solving seemingly impossible equations was noted from the onset, and engineers, mathematicians and scientists have utilised imaginary numbers ever since. They make modelling our world far easier. As an engineer, one example I can give is in Electronics. Voltage and current are expressed as sinusoidal functions in AC systems (sinusoidal means a wave that varies over time). In order to calculate and predict what these waves will do when they interact or change, we make a 'complex plane', this is rather like your usual Cartesian or 'co-ordinate' plane. Except the y-axis is replaced with an 'imaginary' axis. If we allocate an 'imaginary' component and a 'real' component to a sine wave, it makes solving complex equations for them very simple. And it also allows us to plot waves on this plane as 'phasors'. A phasor is similar to how you would plot a coordinate on a graph, however this coordinate is 'tied' to the origin (0,0) by a fixed line and is allowed to spin in a perfect circle around the origin like a ball on a string. The length of the string is the waves magnitude or 'size', and the speed it spins round is its frequency. By modelling a wave as a 'ball' tied to the centre of the circle, it makes it very easy to understand more about it and make calculations. One such was is through trigonometry! This is very hard to explain to laymen, so well done if you've even understood it a tiny bit... Edit: Animation of a phasor - URL_0 This gif shows that the wave turns a certain number of degrees round the circle per second, and this is its frequency. Phasors and trigonometry - URL_1 As you can see in the above gif. The three waves change over time, and seem to be related somehow... How would you relate them? How can you make a model of them that can predict their positions at any point in time? This is where phasors come in. As you can see in the phasor diagram below them, these waves are modelled as lines on a phasor diagram, and trigonometry is used (see, it is useful!) in order to make a 'fixed' and predictable model of the relationship between them at any point in time. For example, saying "wave X is always 90 degrees to the left of wave Y on a phasor diagram" is a very easy way of describing the relationship between two waves at every point in time! No matter how complicated they first seem to be when you see their waveforms interacting... Instead of trying to calculate waves as actual waves (like the ones on the top), we just turned them into lines on a circle instead. Because we already knew LOTS about circles and trigonometry, so it made sense! And it made them far easier to visualise! This, along with the 'imaginary' y-axis that the circle is plotted on, made for a very powerful tool in wave modelling. Without this type of modelling of waves, you wouldn't have phones, electricity, microwaves, internet etc etc... Imaginary numbers + your old enemy trigonometry + many smart men and women = The modern world as we know it * sqrt(-1)


Question: Why does carbonated drinks "hurt" when you drink them too fast?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does carbonated drinks "hurt" when you drink them too fast?

They're full of carbon dioxide dissolved in the solution. As the carbon dioxide gets released as a gas, enzymes in our mouth turn it into carbonic acid. You'll notice it doesn't have the same sensation if you poured the drink on your skin.


Question: Why does root beer foam up so much more than other soft drinks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does root beer foam up so much more than other soft drinks?

From personal experience with root beer brewing at home: They don't always. Root beer is fundamentally similar to other soft drinks when store bought in terms of the base (carbonated water), the flavor (emulsified oils) and the sweetener (unfortunately usually high fructose corn syrup). However, many brands add something to give it a creamy mouth-feel like maltodextrin or pectin. These "creamifying" additives will cause the bubbles from the carbonation to be more structurally sturdy and therefor less inclined to pop. Same reason you can "blow bubbles" in your milk. E: grammar E2: fun fact, the flavor you uniquely associate with root beer nowadays is actually mint. Wintergreen is the base of most all flavors of store-bought root beer.


Question: In journalism, when reporters are trying to dig up old footage for a story, how do they draw it up so fast?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In journalism, when reporters are trying to dig up old footage for a story, how do they draw it up so fast?

In some cases, what you're seeing is a pre-packaged piece of footage, kept around for quick access. For example, if a famous celebrity dies, journalists will not be putting together a video package from scratch. Rather, they'll grab the package of footage that was already created and ready to go, prepared in advance for precisely this moment. This kind of preparation can also be focused on a *general* *topic*, instead of a specific person, thing or event. "Get me a package of footage showing people lining up to vote outside a polling place," for example, in a story about voting rights. Archival footage will be archived with metadata -- a transcript or notes about what's in the footage. That metadata is searchable, which gives them a lead to review the footage in more detail and decide how to use it.


Question: There’s red light cameras but why are there no stop sign cameras?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 There’s red light cameras but why are there no stop sign cameras?

With a red light camera, it's easy to see if there are cars in the intersection when the light is red. But with a stop sign, you'd have to track the overall movement of the car over a period of time, and be able to determine whether or not it came to a full and complete stop. That's a harder problem to solve, on a technical level, than just "light is red and car is in the intersection".


Question: what does crunch company - crunch behaviour mean ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what does crunch company - crunch behaviour mean ?

Crunch culture is right before the deadline to a major project takes full priority of your life. You ignore your kids, spouse and other commitments to finish a project that has a very hard deadline. Usually workers in this type if situation work 12 hours a day 5 to 7 days a week to make the deadline.


Question: why is Black Friday called Black Friday?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is Black Friday called Black Friday?

Named after the time of year when retail stores actually turned a profit, coming out of the red and into the black. Thanks to the holiday season they are making money


Question: How did banks in the past communicate to keep all they're customers accounts data in sync?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did banks in the past communicate to keep all they're customers accounts data in sync?

answer. Letters of credit. A person would carry a letter from their bank, authorizing another bank to give that person a certain amount.


Question: ; What is Lipase? What does it do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 ; What is Lipase? What does it do?

Lipase is nothing more than the enzyme that breaks down fats. High lipase means you break down fats faster, and low lipase means it's not as fast.


Question: How do calculators find square roots of non-perfect squares?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do calculators find square roots of non-perfect squares?

They use a [root-finding algorithm]( URL_0 ) to approximate the root to however many decimals the calculator can display. There are many different algorithms, so which one is used depends on the calculator.


Question: Why aren't there any technical (vocational) schools in America?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why aren't there any technical (vocational) schools in America?

There are. Before I got my current job I was looking at both electrician and HVAC trade schools (pullig from my GI bill). There are also welding, plumbing, and cosmotologist trade shool programs, off the top of my head. Architecture and Engineering are Masters and Batchlors-level college degrees respectively in the US, as a prerequisite to certifying in that field. Many universities focus on these sorts of fields, such as Texas A & M.


Question: why do king tides occur during full/new moons? Why not other phases of the moon cycle?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do king tides occur during full/new moons? Why not other phases of the moon cycle?

During a New Moon and Full Moon, the gravity of the Sun and the Moon are on the same plane as the earth is. (New = Sun, Moon, Earth, Full = Sun, Earth, Moon) The moon isn't in alignment with the earth and sun during other phases so there are no (fewer?) gravitational compounding effects


Question: How does "3 in 1" shampoo/conditioner/body wash work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does "3 in 1" shampoo/conditioner/body wash work?

They don't work well. Shampoos and Body Wash are both variants of soap. They are both designed to strip dirt and oils from the hair and body, though body washes will also normally have an exfoliant in them to help remove dead skin as well. These mixed products tend to have fewer oil removing agents and no exfoliating agents so they do the job of shampoo and body wash more poorly than they would otherwise do. Conditioner is designed to add back some of the oils removed from the hair by the shampoo, reduce static as the hair dries, and the like. It does not work at all in the combined products because the shampoo agents just remove anything the conditioner was applying.


Question: How does toothpaste do all the things it claims to do on the tube in the 2 minutes it takes to brush my teeth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does toothpaste do all the things it claims to do on the tube in the 2 minutes it takes to brush my teeth?

At its base, toothpaste is liquid sandpaper that tastes minty. The fact that it's an abrasive is what separates it from just using your toothbrush without toothpaste. As far as other additives like flouride, flouride starts working immediately to remineralize your enamel, though longer is better. Ultimately, you need to remove all of the bacteria from your teeth, tongue, and cheeks, and you can do most of that in a short amount of time. Again, longer is better, but you face a diminishing return the longer you go.


Question: Why are atoms called "the smallest unit of matter" when particles exist? Are particles not considered matter?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are atoms called "the smallest unit of matter" when particles exist? Are particles not considered matter?

The origin of the word, from ancient greek "uncuttable". Means that it is the smallest amount of an element. If you divide it again. What you have is no longer the same thing. Meaning if you had a bar of iron you could cut it and cut it until you were left with pieces just 1 iron atom. Subatomic particles are not iron. They just make up iron in a certain configuration


Question: How does Social Security ACTUALLY work? (In the US)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Social Security ACTUALLY work? (In the US)

> However, the Social Security Trust Fund is one of the LARGEST holders of the US Debt (16% of total!) which I imagine means that that the government is BORROWING LOTS OF MONEY to pay for the month payments. Just the opposite. Social Security taxes put more into the program than is necessary. Congress uses this amount for general spending purposes, instead of letting it sit unused. For accounting purposes, we treat it like the U.S. government is taking out a loan from the Social Security Trust Fund. Eventually, Social Security will need that money to pay retirees, if the ratio of retirees to workers is too high. This is the point where Social Security "runs out of money"--unless Congress wants to cut benefits, general revenue will need to be used to pay back what was borrowed, and because there is already a budget deficit, it will have to be borrowed from *external* creditors (like citizens investing in bonds) instead. This would represent a large increase in debt held by the public. The average Social Security recipient receives more money than they paid in during their lifetime. This means that the current funding formula only works while the population is growing--today's population of workers is much larger than today's population of retirees. We can predict future population growth, which appears to be slowing, and get an idea of when this funding formula is no longer sustainable at all, whether Congress repays what it borrowed or not. At this point, Congress has to raise taxes, reduce benefits, or borrow more to cover the gap.


Question: Ad blockers are common for Computer applications, (Adblock+) Why is it uncommon to find working ad lockers for mobile phones?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Ad blockers are common for Computer applications, (Adblock+) Why is it uncommon to find working ad lockers for mobile phones?

firefox on android supports plugins just like its desktop counterpart such as ublock origin. google chrome on android on the other hand does not have the same extension system as the desktop version


Question: Why do complex numbers figure in Quantitative Finance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do complex numbers figure in Quantitative Finance?

In Fourier space the imaginary part of complex numbers gives us cycles and repeated patterns. This is because e^(ix) = sin x + i cos x These trig functions allow you to express things in terms of frequencies (like notes of music), in frequency space instead of as events in time. It’s a very powerful way of describing repeating events.


Question: Why can't we just shoot our garbage to the sun in the future?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't we just shoot our garbage to the sun in the future?

The economic factor makes it not viable, nothing untoward would happen if we fired a rocket at the sun it would completely burn up before even getting too close


Question: We see meteor showers around the same time every year.I would assume they would come at different dates as we rotate around the sun. How are they predictable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 We see meteor showers around the same time every year.I would assume they would come at different dates as we rotate around the sun. How are they predictable?

They occur when Earth passes through a large collection of space rocks. Since we go around the Sun on a round path that repeats every year, we know we are going to be back in that spot on about the same date.


Question: How do app testers emulate iOS?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do app testers emulate iOS?

Technically, these apps aren't running on "the web". It appears that the emulation is being done on their server and just the video output of the emulator is being sent over the web. just a guess here, but I suspect they're running the standard Apple iOS Emulator and have way of screen capture & streaming of the single window of the emulator.


Question: if red, green, or blue lights allow for better "night vision" why are car headlights not made in green or blue to preserve night sight?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if red, green, or blue lights allow for better "night vision" why are car headlights not made in green or blue to preserve night sight?

To give a simpler explanation that fits ELI5 better (the others are good so far mind you) Things look different under different lights. We see "white" light all day, every day. If our headlights were red, blue, green or any other color really it makes it much harder to see and understand what you are looking at because we are not used to it and our eyes are trained to see things best under white lights. If you grew up using red/blue/green lights every day for everything maybe you could do that and it would be easy for you, but that does not work for the masses.


Question: Why do the intervals between high tides vary so much in just one day at the same spot?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do the intervals between high tides vary so much in just one day at the same spot?

Tides are affected by the sun and the moon. The moon is smaller, but also much closer, meaning it has a greater effect on the tides than the sun. (Sun has about half the effect of the Moon). If the sun and moon are lined up then you get a super high tide and maybe only one high tide a day. Lunar day is is 24 hours and 50 minutes so you get a high tide caused by the moon every 12 hours 25 minutes. Solar day is 24 hours, so you get another high tide every 12 hours. Because the two 'days' are different lengths, the high tide cause by each move relative to each other.


Question: Why do people wake up just mere minutes or even seconds before their alarm goes off?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people wake up just mere minutes or even seconds before their alarm goes off?

If you follow a proper sleep schedule and go to sleep/wake up at the same time every day your body gets used to it. Circadian rythm causes your brain to release certain hormones that gradually wake you up over the course of about an hour. An alarm clock jarrs you awake and your body doesn't like it, so over time your brain adjusts to start waking you up before that happens. Edit: Since a lot of people have been asking why they wake up after changing their alarm here's something from an article I read. > There’s evidence you can will yourself to wake on time, too. Sleep scientists at Germany’s University of Lubeck asked 15 volunteers to sleep in their lab for three nights. One night, the group was told they’d be woken at 6 a.m., while on other nights the group was told they’d be woken at 9 a.m. But the researchers lied—they woke the volunteers at 6 a.m anyway. And the results were startling. The days when sleepers were told they’d wake up early, their stress hormones increased at 4:30 a.m., as if they were anticipating an early morning. When the sleepers were told they’d wake up at 9 a.m., their stress hormones didn’t increase—and they woke up groggier. “Our bodies, in other words, note the time we hope to begin our day and gradually prepare us for consciousness,” writes Jeff Howe at Psychology Today. [Source article.]( URL_0 )


Question: Why is it more common to feel the side effects of illness (strep, flu) in the morning?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it more common to feel the side effects of illness (strep, flu) in the morning?

The sinuses and nasal passages drain during the day when you're upright. When you lie down, blood and fluids go more towards your head throughout the night, making you more congested. A cold = more mucous production, so more in your nasal passages. Add dehydration to the mix (since you're not drinking all or most of the night) and mucous thickens, making it more...unpleasant.


Question: How does "conserving" water, turning off my lights, ect, help? I know how it helps my bills but how does my tiny act of not leaving the water running actually help the "World"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does "conserving" water, turning off my lights, ect, help? I know how it helps my bills but how does my tiny act of not leaving the water running actually help the "World"?

Well... YOU individually? not much, admittedly. Your individual water and energy footprint is negligible in the grand scheme of things. But the reason why YOU are important is because if enough YOUs do things together.... doing things as US... THEN your impact becomes noticeable and significant. You laugh, but even a few hundred customers making conscious decisions can produce a trend noticeable to the data people at a public utility. "Hey, I just noticed this whole neighborhood switched to water their gardens at night" (yes, they can tell things like this). Just a few hundred customers writing into a fast food chain and suggesting switching to bamboo utensils or cardboard straws might be enough to trigger a change. Just a few dozen customers switching from plastic bags to paper at the grocery might be enough to tip the numbers such that it no longer makes sense to carry both paper and plastic, so they switch entirely to paper. Its seldom that any individual is in a position to change the World. But all you can do is act as though you can, and if enough of us do that, we will.


Question: When the government "fines" a corporation for illegal/unethical practices, where does the fined money go and why does it go there?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When the government "fines" a corporation for illegal/unethical practices, where does the fined money go and why does it go there?

In most cases, it goes to the general fund of whatever government assessed the fine, to be spent on regular governmental expenditures. There can be exceptions, such as statutes that dedicate fines to a fund to be used for victim restitution or public education campaigns or such things, but those are much less common than just going to the general fund.


Question: How Does Voluntary/Involuntary Breathing Work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How Does Voluntary/Involuntary Breathing Work?

From what I understand the nervous system doesn't really do anything differently per se. I think it's more a matter of which part/parts of the brain are sending the signal. I believe the Medulla is what normally controls things like breathing, but once you start doing it consciously, it may be that more frontal lobe parts of the brain that involve decision making and motor functions take control.


Question: why our ice cubes are forming these peaks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why our ice cubes are forming these peaks?

Ice spikes: URL_0 Wikipedia explains it but I don't understand.