Question: If a country gets invaded, what happens to it's currency?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a country gets invaded, what happens to it's currency?

The currency becomes worthless. However nonmonetary assets still retain value and will be priced in whatever currency becomes standard. Rich people, especially, hold a large portion of their wealth in nonmonetary assets (real estate is a good example)


Question: can we use artifical snow to help the environment?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 can we use artifical snow to help the environment?

Energy. That would take a *ton* of energy. The energy production/transmission (not to mention the *actual* snow blowing hardware) negatives would far exceed the climate benefits of snow coverage. In other words, there are many things to spend those resources on, or not spend them at all, if you want to mitigate climate change. I think you may dramatically overestimate our production capabilities vs weather patterns. It's tough sometimes to keep snow on a single slope of a single mountain at a ski resort. You're asking about continental scales of coverage.


Question: Why have no biological organisms harnessed nuclear power (at least fission) to live when we have chemoautotrophs, photosynthesis, and cellular metabolism? Does it have to do with the activation energy required?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why have no biological organisms harnessed nuclear power (at least fission) to live when we have chemoautotrophs, photosynthesis, and cellular metabolism? Does it have to do with the activation energy required?

It depends on how you look at the situation. Plants photosynthesize, they harness light (produced by fusion in the sun) to produce sugars that grow and sustain the plant.


Question: How do you gain strength by eating and not doing any physical activity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you gain strength by eating and not doing any physical activity?

Yes, especially if you're growing up. Idk how old the two of you are. But men usually finish growth at around 21. When you're growing, your muscles develop more easily


Question: What is Ethos, Logos, and Pathos?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Ethos, Logos, and Pathos?

Ethos - Ethics. Knowing right from wrong. Logos - Logic. Knowing what can be proven and is factual. Pathos - Emotions. Knowing how someone feels about something.


Question: Why the hell would they wage war like that?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why the hell would they wage war like that?

Fun fact, the American rebels thought it was stupid too. That's why they won. They broke the rules and laid all kinds of ambushes, raids, traps, hit & run attacks, etc.


Question: I just took a bottle of water out of the freezer and it instantly froze right before my eyes. Wtf just happened?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I just took a bottle of water out of the freezer and it instantly froze right before my eyes. Wtf just happened?

Water needs a rough surface to either start boiling or freezing even if the temperature is above the boiling point or below the freezing point. If the water is in a perfectly smooth container it can be superheated or supercooled i.e. be heated beyond the boiling point without boiling or be cooled beyond the cooling point without freezing. When you disturbed the water, you created a nucleation point and created a small ice crystal. All the water surrounding the ice crystal was below the freezing point and formed more crystals attached to the newly formed ice crystal.


Question: Why isn't the foliage cut off the top of a pineapple?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why isn't the foliage cut off the top of a pineapple?

Floridian here. I have about 30 pineapples growing in my garden. The stem at the top of the pineapple serves several purposes: * First, it keeps the fruit from drying out. If you were to cut it off, juice would leak out, the fruit would become dry and taste worse. * Second, it serves as an indicator of health. If the stem is green and stiff, that means the pineapple is in good shape. If it's brown, crusty, decayed, pulls off easily, etc that means that the pineapple is ripe/rotting. * Lastly, you can plant it and grow a new pineapple plant! That's how I made my garden. Cut the pineapple about a quarter inch below the stem, so that the stem has a disc-shaped bulge at the bottom. Plant it about 3-4 inches deep. As long as it's warm and wet, pineapples will tolerate just about any kind of soil. EDIT: Fun fact: While most plants produce fruit every year, pineapple plants only produce fruit every third year. Not so fun fact: I found out the hard way that you can be allergic to pineapple plants without being allergic to the fruit. Apparently [they are immunologically distinct]( URL_1 ). Five minutes of working in my garden is enough to make me start itching; fifteen minutes will make me break out in hives. EDIT 2: [Here]( URL_0 ) are some pictures of about half of my garden. (The less weedy half)


Question: Why haven’t Bluetooth video projectors been invented yet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why haven’t Bluetooth video projectors been invented yet?

Bluetooth simply doesn't have the bandwidth for video and sound at any decent resolution. Regular Bluetooth that doesn't have any of Bluetooth's 4 WiFi utilisation trickery has a bandwidth of about 3mb/s. It also has a relatively high error rate.


Question: Why, when you get injured, does it seem like the trauma intensifies after seeing the injury? An open wound or broken limb for example.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why, when you get injured, does it seem like the trauma intensifies after seeing the injury? An open wound or broken limb for example.

When you focus on the injury, the area is focused which causes a few things to happen. You tense up, as the body's natural response to close the wound, which touches exposed nerves to exposed nerves, sending more pain. Also, the body becomes more sensetive, when it is focused on (think out of sight, out of mind). It doesn't have to be visual to happen, but it's why bug bites itch more after you notice they itch, or why you can't get to sleep once you start looking for parts of yourself that are uncomfortable. Additionally, your brain basically says "Why doesn't this hurt? This looks like it should hurt! If it doesn't hurt there must be something wrong!" And you perceive more pain.


Question: How do oysters make pearls?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do oysters make pearls?

A sand granule (or any other small thing like a piece of shell or coral) gets inside the shell, lodging close to the oyster's body. It aggravates the oyster and to feel more comfortable the oyster starts coating the sand with spit which creates the round and smooth pearl.


Question: Why do fire alarms ring in 3s?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do fire alarms ring in 3s?

The Temporal-Three alarm signal (a.k.a T-3) pattern is a standard pattern used by alarm manufacturers. It is one of the alarm patterns that is designed to let people know what type of emergency there is. T-3 (three alarm sounds followed by one silent count) is the standard signal for "Fire in the building". There are other standard alarms as well. For example, T-4 (4 alarm sounds followed by one silent count) is the standard for Carbon Monoxide alarms.


Question: Why is it that a fresh install of a Linux distro consumes way less RAM than a fresh install of Windows 10?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that a fresh install of a Linux distro consumes way less RAM than a fresh install of Windows 10?

Most Linux builds are going to be lighter than Windows because they don't ship with built-in compatibility for millions of devices, they aren't running a bunch of background services that you may or may not need, and Windows generally also does more to preload resources for various programs so that you have faster launch times. Even the most user friendly Linux builds generally require some assembly after you install in order to get the right software and drivers for your system; Windows is already running tasks to identify and connect whatever you have to make it easier for you.


Question: Why are options so popular with investors?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are options so popular with investors?

Options mitigate risk. Let's say you think the GME stock is going to go up in value and it's $200 right now. You can buy an option to purchase GME for $200, and that offer will hold for a certain amount of time. If GME drops to $190, you now can decide to not use your option. But you did pay out some money for that opportunity. So you did lose some money, but if you had bought a lot of stock at $200 and it dropped 5%, you would have lost 5% of your money which could be more. If the stock price goes up to $210 and you're still within your option, you can buy it for $200 (and then maybe sell it for $210 or just hold onto it), and you've made a potential profit. That's one example. Options can be used in a few different ways.


Question: What is that ringing/humming noise that you hear when a room is dead silent?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is that ringing/humming noise that you hear when a room is dead silent?

This is called tinnitus. There are a number of things that can cause it. The most common cause is that when you loose a bit of your hearing the nerve signal from that frequency you lost goes to full volume. However your brain will recognize this issue and fix it within a few seconds. However it could be caused by other diseases or neurological issues.


Question: How do gills work, and why can't fish survive on land very long?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do gills work, and why can't fish survive on land very long?

Both lungs and gills have thin surfaces that red blood cells can get close to to absorb oxygen. Gills are designed to pump water through so those cells can pick up dissolved oxygen in the water while releasing carbon dioxide, while lungs do the same, but with air. Fish can't survive outside the water because the gills aren't designed to pump and hold air for this gas exchange to occur. Likewise, lungs can't effectively push out water, causing land animals to drown.


Question: Why is tip-toeing quiter than normal walking?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is tip-toeing quiter than normal walking?

When you land on the ball of your foot, the ankle acts as a shock absorber. Most people walk and many run landing heel first. When you do that the ankle cant do that and the force contacting the ground is much greater thus louder. Look at barefoot runners. They all land on the ball, because landing on the heel when running is painful without shoes to act as a shock absorber.


Question: Rainbows. How come Rainbows appear to stay in place as you move unlike other light reflections? How can they be seen from different perspectives and look the same?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Rainbows. How come Rainbows appear to stay in place as you move unlike other light reflections? How can they be seen from different perspectives and look the same?

Rainbows are always directly opposite the sun. The sun is pretty stationary and you can walk, run or drive as fast as you can without the sun seeming to move relatively to you. If you make a rainbow with a light source other than the sun, you will be able to see it looks less stationary.


Question: Why can't we vote in elections with a public/private key pair similar to how we log into servers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't we vote in elections with a public/private key pair similar to how we log into servers?

Tom Scott has a good video on why electronic voting is a TERRIBLE idea. Essentially it boils down to this: any computerized system is breakable. It's only a matter of the time and resources an attacker is willing to invest to do so. Swaying election is an extremely lucrative endeavor for someone who would want to do so. It could be worth potentially billions of dollars. Given that US politicians run multi-million dollar campaigns to get elected (Obama won on a $400 million dollar campaign), we can say with confidence that an election is worth at least that amount. Another nation might consider a specific election outcome to be in it's own national security interests, and therefore worth an un-quantifiable amount of money. It is very fair to say that investing millions if not billions of dollars to adjust the outcome of an election is 'worth it'. Ergo, any election will probably be hacked. Pencil and paper ballots can be subjected to fraud too, but those types of fraud don't scale the same way an electronic attack could. URL_0


Question: why do people panic buy and hoard when supply would be OK otherwise?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do people panic buy and hoard when supply would be OK otherwise?

Because just beneath the veneer of civilization most people are just stupid greedy primates ready to split your skull for *their* banana.


Question: How are traffic light timings decided? Is there a kind of formula for determining timings?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are traffic light timings decided? Is there a kind of formula for determining timings?

The short answer is yes. For individual signals or small networks, the timing can be figured by hand, but for larger networks, civil/traffic engineers use models and even purpose built computer software to link every light in a massive network together to try to prevent jams and keep traffic flowing. Contrary to what feels right, the longer a "cycle" (green yellow red green) is, the more efficient an intersection tends to be.


Question: With all the forest fires recently in the world, how are forest fires traced back to the original starting point?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 With all the forest fires recently in the world, how are forest fires traced back to the original starting point?

Mostly satellite replay. It’s very interesting what they do, my father is a fire inspector and in 2016 they shipped him out to Fort McMurry (A forest fire wiped their town). It’s different for houses, that’s what he mainly gets jobs at in our small town.


Question: How does the film in an instant Polaroid camera work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the film in an instant Polaroid camera work?

Top comment 8 months ago got 7400 upvotes: URL_0


Question: How is using a password manager different from using the same master password for every service?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is using a password manager different from using the same master password for every service?

Password managers often store you actual passwords locally on your computer. Dashlane does for sure. So if someone gets your dashlane password it does them no good unless they also break into your house. Edit: also some crappily designed websites might not store you password for their service securily enough. If they get hacked the hackers now potentially have the password for *all* of your accounts. Using a Password manger they wont have a master password just the one for that specific account.


Question: What makes a poem a poem? They don’t have to rhyme, and they don’t have to be short. So what makes a four page long Walt Whitman poem a “poem” and not a “story”?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes a poem a poem? They don’t have to rhyme, and they don’t have to be short. So what makes a four page long Walt Whitman poem a “poem” and not a “story”?

So the difference you really want to know is the difference between **poetry** and **prose**. After all, a story can be in a prose form (like we're used to) or a poetic one (like the Illiad or any number of other epic poems). There's no bright line between poetry and prose. You can have poetic prose and prosaic poetry. But, in general, poetry uses more stylized language. Among other things: it might be divided into lines of specific length (each line a certain number of syllables), and/or require lines to have certain patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables, and/or use patterns of consonance and assonance (of which rhyme is a certain type). Or it might do any number of other things. & #x200B; But again, there's no bright line when prose becomes poetry or vice versa.


Question: What’s the difference between a white object and a mirror? They both reflect all colors from the visible spectrum.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s the difference between a white object and a mirror? They both reflect all colors from the visible spectrum.

If you are not referring to the "white body" term that is used in physics and you only mean a real white object like white colored wall or something, the answer is very simple. Mirrors reflect light in a straight line, while white objects diffuse the light in any possible direction. Even if the same intensity of light reaches your eye (which is unlikely, but for the argument let's go with it) you don't see the reflected light like one in the mirror. Think about the light being a picture. If you see it in the mirror, you see exactly that picture. If you look at a white object, you see the same picture, but every Pixel is randomly rearranged.


Question: Why are hexagons a better shape than squares?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are hexagons a better shape than squares?

The shape with the least perimeter for the most area is a circle. Every other possible shape has a larger ratio of perimeter:area. So if you're concerned about maximizing the amount of area compared to perimeter, you choose a circle. Unfortunately, circles don't tesselate the plane. There's a gap between and you end up with a tesselation that's highly efficient circles and very-very-inefficient things-that-make-circles-fit. So what we want is something as circle-like as possible that doesn't leave gaps. This turns out to be the hexagon.


Question: Why are businesses allowed to charge their customers late fees when a customer owes them money but not the other way around?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are businesses allowed to charge their customers late fees when a customer owes them money but not the other way around?

Because usually when you use a service or purchase a product, you agree to their terms of service on a take-it-or-leave-it basis. If you could get them to sign a terms of service to sell their product to you, you could easily charge them late fees. Unfortunately, since they've got more leverage than you(a product you want), it's easier for them to get you to sign a service agreement than the other way around.


Question: How do allergies develop from something you didn't have an allergy to before?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do allergies develop from something you didn't have an allergy to before?

The immune is evolved to be able to adapt and change over time, because *pathogens* adapt and change over time. Just as the immune can learn to recognize novel viruses or bacteria as threats, it can also erroneously learn to recognize harmless foods or environmental allergens as threats.


Question: How would a particle collision at CERN be experienced by our senses; would it have feeling, smell, sounds, looks, etc, or would you die from the explosion, or is it so small you'd not notice anything?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How would a particle collision at CERN be experienced by our senses; would it have feeling, smell, sounds, looks, etc, or would you die from the explosion, or is it so small you'd not notice anything?

You mean if you were in the path of a collision? We have a rough idea because something similar happened to someone in the past. In 1978, a Russian scientist named Anatoli Bugorski was accidentally hit in the head with a proton beam moving at close to the speed of light from a particle accelerator. He saw a flash "brighter than a thousand suns" but didn't feel any pain. Afterwards, his face swelled up and began to peel along the path the particles took. His intellectual capacity is intact but he as a result he has deafness in his left ear, paralysis of left half of his face, occasional seizures, and he gets tired easily. Despite this, he was able to complete his PhD and continued to work. He's still alive today. He received more than enough radiation to kill him, but because the beam was so tiny, it simply passed right through him. The catch is that the LHC at CERN is 200 times more powerful than the accelerator he was working on. Also, he was lucky enough that the beam passed through non-vital areas of his brain. If it had passed through a vital area or some other part of his body, he might have been killed.


Question: Why don’t soldiers wear full-body bulletproof suits?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why don’t soldiers wear full-body bulletproof suits?

On top of being very heavy as mentioned by u/alexefi, current body armor is either ceramic or kevlar (for helmets, crotch guards, joints, etc). Once the ceramics have been hit, the vest becomes mostly useless very rapidly. Kevlar doesn't usually have that problem, but it can't stop anything better than a standard 9mm/.22lr with any real success. If full body armor were a thing, you'd be running around in a combat situation with several hundred pounds of extra gear that became useless after the first time you were hit with a .762 (the AK47, which is the most common rifle in the world, is .762) would just be a terrible waste of resources and weight. Soldiers need to minimize their carry weight, especially in combat. The gear they wear already weighs around 80 pounds, adding to that would reduce combat efficiency.


Question: Why do animals like to be petted?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do animals like to be petted?

Most wild animals do not like to be petted. Domesticated animals however have been bred to work and live in close relationship to humans. Thus they trust humans more and in most cases depend on us to survive. Domesticated animals have thus learned to socialise with humans, and petting is a social interaction. I guess it is similar to us humans talking, but since animals can't speak we need to communicate in other ways. Petting is a way in which we can express love, affection and trust. With that said you should never pet an animal which you don't know or have the permission to pet as they can be dangerous or don't like humans and get scared.


Question: How do sin, cos, tan and their reciprocals work with angles that are multiples of 90? It seems like the opposite and adjacent wouldn't even be a part of the problem, but that's not what the results say...

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do sin, cos, tan and their reciprocals work with angles that are multiples of 90? It seems like the opposite and adjacent wouldn't even be a part of the problem, but that's not what the results say...

[Here's an animation I did to explain sine and cosine]( URL_1 ). This is the main idea behind 90% of what you'll learn in trigonometry. Pick a unit circle. Move a dot around that circle at an angle & theta;, shown there in yellow. The sine of that angle in yellow is the vertical position of the point on the circle. The cosine of that angle is the horizontal position. Since this is a unit circle, you should be able to see why cos^2 θ + sin^2 θ = 1. Now, what about tangent? Tangent is better understood [like in this image]( URL_0 ). The tangent of an angle is the y coordinate where the line passing through the center of the circle and that moving dot crosses the vertical line x = 1. As you can see, when the angle is 90° the radial line will be pointing straight upwards, so it'll be parallel to that x = 1 line. The lines will never cross, so tangent is undefined at 90°. After 90° and towards 180°, the line from the center to the dot (which is infinite in both directions) will cross the x = 1 line below the x axis, so the tangent is negative. In that last image, you can also see that secant is the hypotenuse of the triangle 1^2 + tan^2 θ = sec^2 θ. This is also a very useful relationship you can get by dividing the entire equation cos^2 θ + sin^2 θ = 1 by cos^2 θ. Other manipulations will get you other relationships that may be useful. --- Now, if all of these made sense to you, with a little practice you can now spot these triangles everywhere, and you'll find a way to apply sine, cosine, tangent and secant whenever they appear. By the way, [these is another geometric interpretation]( URL_2 ) of tangent and secant, but I don't find them nearly as useful as the one I gave above. It's worth knowing about them, though.


Question: When your phone recommends "smart replies" based off of what you typed in a message, does that mean that Google (or whatever company) is reading all your messages and mails?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When your phone recommends "smart replies" based off of what you typed in a message, does that mean that Google (or whatever company) is reading all your messages and mails?

No, it's an algorithm (a bit like autocomplete) that remembers which words you often use in succession recommends them to you. Tinfoilhat=ON this doesn't mean that Google or whoever *doesn't* read your messages


Question: How did people first learn other languages and figure out what the equivalents were in their own?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did people first learn other languages and figure out what the equivalents were in their own?

Most likely by holding or showing objects while repeatedly saying the word for. Like pointing to yourself and saying your name.


Question: Why does having chalk increase your grip while on something like monkey bars?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does having chalk increase your grip while on something like monkey bars?

Chalk is typically made of magnesium carbonate which serves the purpose of keeping your hands dry. The reason it works isn't that it directly improves grip per se, it's that it prevents grip from degrading in the face of moisture. For most uses that moisture comes from your sweat, but in rock climbing you often encounter moisture from rocks as well.


Question: how does having two eyes help us perceive depth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does having two eyes help us perceive depth?

Raise a finger infront of your nose. Look directly ahead at something far away. Close the left eye, notice that the finger is on the left side of your vision of your right eye. Close the right eye and look with your left now. Observe that the finger is on the right side of your vision of your left eye. Now do the same for a distant object. Observe the relative difference in position is now much smaller. The principle of this is triangulation. The closer something is, the angle to each of your eyes is going to be greater. Your brain computes how far each thing is relative to each other by the difference in their position in each eyes field of view


Question: There are infinite numbers between 0 and 1. There are also infinite numbers between 0 and 2. There would more numbers between 0 and 2. How can a set of infinite numbers be bigger than another infinite set?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 There are infinite numbers between 0 and 1. There are also infinite numbers between 0 and 2. There would more numbers between 0 and 2. How can a set of infinite numbers be bigger than another infinite set?

I think the problem is you are thinking of "infinite" to be "a very big number". It is not a very big number, it's a different kind of thing. A similar problem exists with zero, in that it's not just "a really small number", it's actually zero. For example if I take a really small number like 0.0000001 and double it, I get 0.0000002. If I take 0 and double it, I still get zero. 2x0 is not bigger than 1x0. If I have an infinite number of numbers between 0 and 1, then they are separated by 0. If I double all of those numbers, then they are separated by 2x0, so they are still separated by 0. Edit: thanks for the kind words and shiny tokens of appreciation. This is now my second highest voted post after a well timed Hot Fuzz quote, I guess that's what reddit is like.


Question: what is the difference between interest rate and the rate of return?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is the difference between interest rate and the rate of return?

Interest rate is how much you pay every time period (weekly, monthly, yearly) that you have not paid back a loan or debt principal (the amount you borrowed). You can convert weekly, bi-weekly, monthly or yearly rates into each other. A rate of return is how much an investment of $x turns into $y. I.e., if you invest (or better for this example, lend out to someone) $100 and after some period your investment is now worth, or you receive back from the loan $110, your return is $10. Your rate of return is $10/$100 or 10%. If you're the bank, your rate of return on a loan you give out is the sum total of all the interest calculated on that loan, expressed as a percentage of the principal. Note that an interest rate isn't the same as the interest amount. The total interest you pay on a loan or a debt depends on the interest *rate* in conjunction with how frequently the interest is calculated and whether it compounds or not.


Question: Do prime numbers exist in different base number systems, like binary, hexadecimal, or base 60 that the mesopotamians used? And, are they useful for anything?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do prime numbers exist in different base number systems, like binary, hexadecimal, or base 60 that the mesopotamians used? And, are they useful for anything?

Prime numbers aren't a part of any specific number system but rather an implicit nature of mathematics. Something is prime if and only if it is divisible only by 1 and itself, so the binary 11 is prime.


Question: How does WinRAR password encryption work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does WinRAR password encryption work?

File encryption can be done in a lot of different ways, but the most common is to run the files through an algorithm that changes each number. As I'm sure you know, a computer file is made of a bunch of numbers, designated as 1's and 0's. Each 1 or 0 is called a bit, and a set of eight of those is called a byte. When converted to decimal numbers, one byte can be a number between 0 and 255. Let's make it simpler, and pretend we have a code of letters. A = 1, B = 2, and so on. To encrypt it, we'll subtract 10 from the number, rolling from A to Z as needed. So the word "HELLO" is 8-5-12-12-14. Subtracting 10 (with rollover) gives us 24-21-2-2-4, or XUBBD. That "XUBBD" is what's stored in the encrypted file, along with the algorithm we used. And it's all locked behind a password, which is encrypted by applying a different algorithm. The password isn't stored, but the result of the encrypted password is. When you enter a password, the algorithm is applied to the characters you entered. If the result matches what's stored, it unlocks the encryption algorithm, which is then applied in reverse to the data. So our rule of subtracting 10 would turn into adding 10. "XUBBD" becomes "HELLO" again. This is extremely simplified, of course. Since computers are capable of doing complex math very quickly, the encryption algorithms used are much more complicated than our simple "subtract 10" rule. But hopefully this explanation helps you visualize the process.


Question: Why are bug bites itchy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are bug bites itchy?

Your body uses sensation to tell your brain what is going on. An itch is a sign that a foreign substance has entered your body, but unlike "pain", there's no wound or significant damage. When a bug bites you, contamination is introduced. Sometimes it's the stuff on their sucker (pollen, dust, etc), sometimes it's their saliva (depends on the specific bug), but one way or another, foreign junk is getting into and under your skin. Once your body detects this, the warning signal is an itch. Your body will also push more blood to the area (so it'll swell up and turn red) in an attempt to flush the contaminates out. As those contaminates are taken away by blood, the itch goes away, the swelling disappears, and you're back to normal. This doesn't just apply to bugs. From briar pokes, to poison ivy, to fiberglass, the same process is going on.


Question: Why are trade agreements important? Who is trading and what does a surplus or deficit actually mean to the average person on the street? Is there a concept of lost money here?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are trade agreements important? Who is trading and what does a surplus or deficit actually mean to the average person on the street? Is there a concept of lost money here?

Countries establish tariffs and quotas on imports to protect certain industries. Trade deals give certain countries an exemption to some tariffs in exchange for those countries doing the same thing, though not necessarily on the same items. A trade deficit doesn't really mean much to the average person, and even among economists, there's some debate about whether it's really a big deal.


Question: Do hallucinations really appear as shown in movies/series? And how and why do they appear at all?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do hallucinations really appear as shown in movies/series? And how and why do they appear at all?

I think it’s fair to say no depending on what movie sequences you have in mind. Your brain is a prediction machine. It’s receiving information from the external world but also has internal information consisting of various things such as personal experience. Your perception of the world is a prediction based on input from these two sources. Because there are two sources of information, something like an arbitrator has to decide how much weight to give each source of information and adjust for error accordingly. The arbitrator then makes a prediction about what you’re perceiving. When you hallucinate, the arbitrator is overweighting internal information. It’s making less accurate predictions about what you’re perceiving by underweighting external information and overweighting internal information. Essentially we are always “hallucinating” but the typical correspondence is fairly accurate. Edit: for clarity. also to acknowledge I probably missed the “like 5” criteria.


Question: If the speed of an object is relative to another object, then why can't matter travel faster than the speed if light, but in relation to something else?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the speed of an object is relative to another object, then why can't matter travel faster than the speed if light, but in relation to something else?

Velocities do not actually add up like you learned in high school/freshman physics. That is called Galilean relativity, and in the early 20th century it was found to be incorrect - velocity addition actually have a more complex formula, and they always add in a way that relative velocities do not surpass the speed of light. If the bullets are shot at each other at 0.5c, each of them will see the other one heading towards it at 0.8c.


Question: why when something is very clean, it can be “squeaky” clean? Why is it squeaky?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why when something is very clean, it can be “squeaky” clean? Why is it squeaky?

The phrase dates back to the 1930s when hair shampoo that was much more harsh and less moisturizing than shampoos are today. That shampoo effectively stripped all the natural oils out of the hair, and when it was completely rinsed the hair would actually make squeaking sounds when rubbed between the fingers. This was erroneously thought to be an indication that the hair was appropriately clean, and in advertisements and high school health and hygiene classes, people were encouraged to wash and rinse until they achieved the “squeaky clean” result. Shampoos today are better balanced, and it’s understood that the natural oils are important and shouldn’t ever be stripped, but the phenomenon can still be experienced by people with normal or dry hair if they erroneously use a shampoo for oily hair.


Question: what is Karat in metals and in diamonds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is Karat in metals and in diamonds?

Gemstone carat (with a c) is 1/5 of a gram and a mass unit. A 10 carat diamond weight 2 grams Gold carat (with a k in the US, a c anywhere else) is a mesure of purity. 24 carat gold is pure gold. 4 carat gold is 4/24 gold is mass and 20/24 of whatever else. Completely unrelated concept sharing a name with because history


Question: How does an electron neutralize the charge of a proton when the electron is so much smaller?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does an electron neutralize the charge of a proton when the electron is so much smaller?

Because charge and mass are two different things. It's the charges that cancel between the two as they have equal and opposite charge. The masses, however, are very different.


Question: Why is there such a huge percentage of automatic transmission cars in the United States and Canada but other countries still have a high manual transmission percentage?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there such a huge percentage of automatic transmission cars in the United States and Canada but other countries still have a high manual transmission percentage?

Historically, manual transmissions generally offered better fuel economy than less-efficient automatic transmissions. They were also (usually) significantly more expensive. When you consider taxes and a much higher price for gas, manual transmission often made more sense in the European market. Manuals were also cheaper from a maintenance perspective. In North America, the convenience of an automatic transmission for people that generally drive much further distances than their European counterparts, coupled with cheaper gas and lower taxes, simply made automatics a more attractive option. Nowadays automatic transmission are just as efficient and rarely an upcharge, so I imagine it's just habit keeping manuals popular in Europe and that trend will shift over time. IMHO, all drivers should be taught about the advantages of holding gears and engine braking, even when driving an automatic. Much better control in bad weather, and heavy traffic. EDIT - To clarify, I'm not presuming Europe represents the rest of the world, just speaking to the markets I'm familiar with. I would presume, tho, that much of the same reasoning holds elsewhere.


Question: Why do humans get such an immense sense of security and safety if we go under the covers when we get scared in bed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do humans get such an immense sense of security and safety if we go under the covers when we get scared in bed?

I’m not a scientist or anything, but I’d hazard a guess that it’s a learned behaviour and reaction from being a child and being tucked in/ looked after by someone.


Question: How is shorting companies not gambling?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is shorting companies not gambling?

When you buy stock on the open market, your money goes to the seller of the shares and not the company (unless you buy shares at the IPO or other direct offering from a company, which are rare). Shorting a company is done by the same mechanism as selling shares, where you have some shares and agree to sell them for $X. The only difference is that you borrowed those shares from somebody else, and need to replace them at some point. If I own Apple share and I think it'll start going down, I simply sell my shares. I don't currently own Apple shares but think it'll go down, I borrow somebody else's shares and sell those while promising to replace their shares at a future date (when hopefully those shares will be cheaper to repurchase). Just a stock price provides a barometer for a company and how the public perceives their prospects, a rising level of short interest tells a company it may be headed in the wrong direction.


Question: Why do candles need wax to burn? Why can’t we just use wicks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do candles need wax to burn? Why can’t we just use wicks?

They would burn very quickly. The wax actually acts as a fuel, and the fire burns the wax as it goes. When the level of wax goes down, the wick is trimmed automatically because the fire burns the wick instead of the wax. That’s also why burning scented candles smells good.


Question: How is it that most individuals tend to avoid violence, but countries are at each other’s throats almost constantly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it that most individuals tend to avoid violence, but countries are at each other’s throats almost constantly?

Competitive people are drawn to politics whereas the non-competitive avoid it. So the leaders of nations tend to be competitive, unlike the majority of the people in it. This competitiveness leads to conflict. And the leaders of nations do not have to be violent or suffer the dangers of violence when they have their countries go to war. There would be far less violence between countries if the leaders were sent to the front lines to actually do the fighting.


Question: What’s the point of hiccups? Does it serve a purpose for humans to have them.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s the point of hiccups? Does it serve a purpose for humans to have them.

Ask yourself this: is there a point to your arm muscle spasming? No, it's just your body messing up. Hiccups are just your diaphragm having a spasm. Not everything has a purpose.


Question: Where did the bacteria in our mouths come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where did the bacteria in our mouths come from?

Your fingers, straws, cups, forks, spoons, the air, the food you put in your mouth has bacteria on it (think eating a piece of bread,) your toothbrush has bacteria all over it. Bacteria are extremely numerous and extremely common. Brushing your teeth doesn't eliminate all of them, cooking your food doesn't eliminate all of them. They're a fact of nature, good or bad, and you do need them to survive. Your body is covered in them, inside and out.


Question: Why can't a brute force attack break cryptography key?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't a brute force attack break cryptography key?

For simplicity sake, lets say your password can be any letter, uppercase or lowercase, both are different, and the numbers 0 through 9. That gives us a total of 62 different possible numbers we can choose from, in reality, it is a bit more with added symbols, but this is just for simplicity sake and proof of concept, the more characters to choose from, the longer it will take. Let's say our password is 20 characters long. We can choose one of 62 characters for the first character, one of 62 for the second, and so on. That gives us a total of 62^20 possible passwords that we have to brute force. This number is exactly 704423425546998022968330264616370176. The FBI would have to potentially try all of these but on average though they should get the password at the 50% mark, so on average they have to try half these passwords, so we divide this number by 2. 352211712773499011484165132308185088 Now say that the FBI can try 5 quadrillion guesses per second with their computers. This is already very high, no computer system that I am aware of can do this much and encryption algorithms are generally designed to be slow to brute force like this, but let's see how long it will take us. 352211712773499011484165132308185088/5000000000000000 seconds is about 2232000000000 years of guessing.


Question: How are animation movies (Pixar, etc.) made?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are animation movies (Pixar, etc.) made?

The old style of animated movies was to hand paint the backgrounds, and overlay the characters on semi-transparent sheets. That would allow them to use the same background for many frames, and only have to change the characters. Toy Story (which came out in the 90's) was the first feature length movie to be entirely animated on computers. Toy Story uses 100% computer generated graphics. In the 90's and 2000's it wasn't unheard of for animated movies to blend techniques, doing some hand-drawn frames and some computer animation. Nowadays pretty much all animated movies and shows are done on computers, even the ones that look hand drawn.


Question: What is Celiac disease exactly and what does it cause?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Celiac disease exactly and what does it cause?

Celiac disease is what is known as an "auto-immune" disease. This means that your own immune system incorrectly recognises a non-harmful substance (a food, an environmental factor, your own body part) as an invader to be fought off. When a person with Celiac disease consumes gluten, the immune system treats the gluten as a "disease" and tries to fight it. This causes inflammation of the small intestine, which is responsible for the symptoms of the disease; pain, cramping, diarrhoea, etc after eating something with gluten in it. A bigger problem is that longer-term damage to the small intestine can occur, which is bad both on its own, and because it can interfere with the absorption of other nutrients. At present, the only way to avoid problems is to have a gluten-free diet (or as close to it as possible).


Question: how does the Pythagorean theorem work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does the Pythagorean theorem work?

The proof that I find easiest is [this one]( URL_1 ). There are two big squares, with sides equal to a+b. Inside the big a+b squares, there are four identical right triangles of sides a, b, c. We can arrange those four triangles in two different ways. On the left side, we arrange the four triangles so that there's one little square of side c left over. On the right side, we arrange the same four right triangles so that there are two other little squares of sizes a and b left over. Since the two big squares of side a+b are equal, their areas must be equal. Since rearranging the little triangles doesn't change the big square, whatever are is leftover on each side must be equal. On the left square, c^2 is leftover as an area. On the right side, a^2 + b^2 is left over as an area. Thus, a^2 + b^2 = c^2 . If this is too much like [this]( URL_0 ), let me know and I can try to explain elsehow.


Question: When you have a lot of the same spicy food, why does it keep getting hotter instead of the heat stopping at a certain point?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When you have a lot of the same spicy food, why does it keep getting hotter instead of the heat stopping at a certain point?

Capsaicin is the compound in hot peppers which makes them spicy. It's not actually producing heat, it is chemically interacting with the neurons your body uses to *detect* heat. There's no corrosive effect, either, it's just a powerful irritant. And because the interaction is so powerful, a very small amount of capsaicin can feel like a great deal of heat. So, if you eat more food containing capsaicin, you'll feel more heat, because your nerves' limit hasn't been reached, and your tissues aren't being damaged, like they wound if you'd been harmed by fire or a strong acid/base.


Question: When we lose a game, why does our body feel a sense of failure even though it's not real? Why does our body accept failure at all? What's the point of such a negative emotion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When we lose a game, why does our body feel a sense of failure even though it's not real? Why does our body accept failure at all? What's the point of such a negative emotion?

We feel the defeat of failure for the same reason we feel success. Knowing that we failed can drive us to try harder next time in the same way that succeeding makes us want to do it again. Sometimes, however, you don't know what you did wrong or how you could've done better, and all you feel is crushing defeat. when that happens, its the same reaction as when something in real life makes you sad, like breaking your phone. That's your body telling you that that thing is bad and should be avoided in the future. You'd be more careful with your second phone after you broke the first one, and you'd avoid a game that you've lost repeatedly (Think of a child who loses a game, then doesn't play anymore because 'the game is stupid').


Question: Why do glasses need UV protection when people who don't need glasses are fine without it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do glasses need UV protection when people who don't need glasses are fine without it?

The same reason why you wear sunscreen. UV causes irreversible damage to your eyes and if you wear glasses anyway why not protect your eyes from UV if you can do so without adversely affecting the performance of the glasses?