Question: What is the waxy/oily residue that builds up on computer peripherals(Keyboard, Mouse, Headset, etc)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the waxy/oily residue that builds up on computer peripherals(Keyboard, Mouse, Headset, etc)?

A mixture of the oils and residue on your skin and in the air such as dust, mainly. It's similar to how you smudge a window by touching it and can never seem to wipe it off with just your fingers. It'll take longer for it to become noticeable than with glass so it'll seem like a mountain of dirt you need to scrape off in comparison.


Question: If a random number generator is not really random, because it is confined to the laws that govern it. Then with humans picking numbers how can they be truly random, if we have mathematical laws that govern us?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a random number generator is not really random, because it is confined to the laws that govern it. Then with humans picking numbers how can they be truly random, if we have mathematical laws that govern us?

Humans are actually extremely *bad* at picking random numbers. We naturally make patterns - or, in some cases, *avoid* patterns that *should* appear sometimes due to random variance.


Question: what are batteries made of?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what are batteries made of?

Two different types of metal, and a liquid between the two. The exact materials differ depending on the type of battery. In your standard Alkaline battery, you typically see Magnanese dioxide on one end and zinc on the other, with an alkaline (that is, opposite of acidic on the pH scale) solution in the middle (this can vary, but the standard at least used to be potassium hydroxide); The liquid is sometimes also called "battery acid" which in the case of these batteries is a bit incorrect (but there are batteries which do use an acid), but still apt with the non-scientific definition that a lot of people know of "a liquid that harms your skin on contact" or just a caustic chemical (which, strong acids or strong bases are going to be very caustic as a general rule)


Question: When a company is sold or part-sold, how does that result in the company itself having more money to invest? Doesn't the money just to go the old owners? I'm thinking of early stage start-ups and "series A financing" or "seed funding".

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a company is sold or part-sold, how does that result in the company itself having more money to invest? Doesn't the money just to go the old owners? I'm thinking of early stage start-ups and "series A financing" or "seed funding".

There is generally two ways of selling a company. It can be a private deal between the old and new owners to transfer the ownership in return for some cash or shares. But it is also possible that the owners orders an emmision where the company will print new shares for the new owners to buy. The money will then go to the company to invest in things to improve their profit. The old owners still retain their shares but it is now a much smaller part of the ownership because the new owners also gets to own shares. It is also possible to see a combination of this where some new owners will first buy the shares from the old owners and then in the same motion issue new shares for themselves to buy so that the company will get more cash on hand.


Question: How does transferring a car title work when money still owed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does transferring a car title work when money still owed?

If you still owe money you do not yet fully have the title. It is still put up as collateral on the loan. As such the contract that you signed will stipulate how a sale is to be conducted and who is on the hook for paying the remainder of the loan and how they can pay it. If it goes unpaid they still hold the right to take it as the collateral.


Question: In court, how can they determine whether or not evidence is real or fake?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In court, how can they determine whether or not evidence is real or fake?

If there's doubt about the source history of evidence, the defense will definitely bring it up. Was a video file obtained by police directly from a security camera system, or is the source more dubious? Is physical evidence collected from the crime scene immediately and held in police custody, or did it turn up later or get "lost" at some point? Numerous cases have been thrown out over the years because evidence was mishandled, forged, or unverifiable. Many people have been convicted of evidence tampering as a result. In the US, guilt must be proven "beyond a reasonable doubt." If the history of the evidence presented isn't rock solid, that's a high bar to clear.


Question: How Videogame developers manage to optimize their games and make them run smoother on lower-end devices?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How Videogame developers manage to optimize their games and make them run smoother on lower-end devices?

Literally by being smart. Videogames often are demanding applications and require to use some interesting tricks in order to make them faster. An example is imagine you need to draw an image that has multiple layers. There is no need to draw the stuff in the background that will be masked. Or maybe you need to find a number among thousands, if you need to do it often enough there are data structures that will give you the number faster if you are willing to sacrifice some memory. I hope that helps to explain it.


Question: How do seconds, minutes and hours work on a map, and is it different from latitude and longitude?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do seconds, minutes and hours work on a map, and is it different from latitude and longitude?

Latitude and longitude are measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds. A degree is 1/360th of a full circle ie 1/360th of the way around the world at the equator. A minute is a sixtieth (1/60) of a degree (1/21600 of a circle), and a second is a sixtieth of a minute (1/1296000 of a circle). Your longitude is how many degrees, minutes, and seconds you are from the Greenwich Meridian, normally given in conjunction with a compass direction (East or West) or a +/- sign (+ being East and - West by convention). Your latitude is how far away you are from the equator (North/+ or South/-).


Question: Where does the cerebral fluid go when they cut your skull open for neurosurgery?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does the cerebral fluid go when they cut your skull open for neurosurgery?

It pours out like the rest of you. It isn't very thick and there isn't a lot of it so it's not going to really show up or overpower the blood. It also isn't going to squirt out like blood because it isn't pumping through your body.


Question: Why does Congo have a near monopoly in Cobalt extraction? Is all the Cobalt in the world really only in Congo? Or is it something else? Congo produces 80% of the global cobalt supply. Why only Congo? Is the entirety of cobalt located ONLY in Congo?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does Congo have a near monopoly in Cobalt extraction? Is all the Cobalt in the world really only in Congo? Or is it something else? Congo produces 80% of the global cobalt supply. Why only Congo? Is the entirety of cobalt located ONLY in Congo?

Cobalt is mostly a by-product of copper and nickel mining. There are massive copper and nickel deposits in the Congo. However, another major factor is the lack of much mining and environmental regulation in the Congo. They can mine a lot of cobalt, cheap, because they pay the workers low wages, to work in dangerous conditions, with little regard to the effects to the local environment. So, it's simply cheaper for companies to buy Cobalt from the Congo than from many other places. Thus, it's much like two farms in your town growing apples. If Farm A can sell its apples for much less than Farm B, then Farm A is going to sell far more apples, even if Farm B can produce just as many apples as Farm A.


Question: Why do coins in currencies exist and how is their maximum value chosen isn't it easier to simply use only paper money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do coins in currencies exist and how is their maximum value chosen isn't it easier to simply use only paper money?

The smaller a piece of currency the more it is handled and traded. The more its handled the quicker it wears out. The average life span of a hundred dollar bill is 15 years. A dollar is now about 5 years, but was about 18 months in 1990(credit debit and online shopping have decreased it usage. Imagine how quickly a penny or nickle bill would wear out.


Question: Many movie theaters have numbers after their name, such as "AMC _____ 20" or "Regal Cinema 16", what does this number mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Many movie theaters have numbers after their name, such as "AMC _____ 20" or "Regal Cinema 16", what does this number mean?

It usually corresponds with the number of screens/theaters in the plex. AMC 24 = 24 theaters inside.


Question: Why is it that we see more cases of genetic mutations of animals (e.g two headed turtles) then in humans?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that we see more cases of genetic mutations of animals (e.g two headed turtles) then in humans?

Often you can see mutations in the womb via ultrasounds and as humans we have the medical options to either avoid it or to decide on an abortion if wanted


Question: Who films the war videos/pictures used for documentaries or anything along those lines?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Who films the war videos/pictures used for documentaries or anything along those lines?

Very brave war correspondents. Mainly for the accurate reporting to governments and for public consumption. Here is a [list]( URL_0 ) of some known journalists killed while reporting on wwii. I couldn't figure out how to include this as a hyper link but this is a list of famous war correspondents during wwii: URL_1


Question: If light is a electromagnetic wave and energy then how is it effected by gravity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If light is a electromagnetic wave and energy then how is it effected by gravity?

Because that electromagnetic radiation has to move *through* something. It can't just get from point A to point B without going through some type of medium. In the vacuum of space, that medium is... spacetime. As per Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, massive objects distort spacetime (which is what gravity really is), similar to how a bowling ball rolled onto a suspended sheet of cloth will distort the shape of the cloth. The result is that the actual physical shape of the spacetime that the electromagnetic radiation has to travel through is changed. Hence, it is affected by gravity.


Question: Why does electricity heat things up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does electricity heat things up?

Due to the wires having electrical resistance, which means that they resist the motion of electrons, the electrons bump into atoms of the wire, and some of their kinetic energy is given to the atoms as thermal energy. This thermal energy causes the wire to heat up.


Question: What would be the definition of the P-Value in statistics?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would be the definition of the P-Value in statistics?

Suppose you suspect a coin is weighted towards heads and decide to test it. You flip it 10 times and it comes up heads 9 times. If the coin *isn't* weighted, this is a rather unlikely result. If we calculate the exact chances of getting a result at least this extreme (i.e. 9 or more heads) under the assumption that the coin is fair, we get 11/1024, or around 0.011. That's the p-value. You can substitute testing a coin for weighting for whatever you want, such as testing whether a particular medicine actually has an effect for treating some disease. It's the same measurement of "how likely is this result, assuming our hypothesis is wrong?"


Question: The Control Group of a science experiment. How does giving a placebo to a control group do anything?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 The Control Group of a science experiment. How does giving a placebo to a control group do anything?

Let's say you invent a drug that prevents cancer. You have a group of people who are taking it, and another group of people who are taking a sugar pill. You're going to monitor them for 10 years and see which group has better cancer outcomes. Over the course of those 10 years, though, the city realizes that the air and water are super polluted and causing people to get cancer. So they clean it up. At the end of 10 years, both groups have gone down in cancer, but the group taking your drug went down more. Without the control group, you'd have no way of distinguishing the effects of your drug from the effects of other changes in the environment.


Question: What does boiling a bagel do to the bagel?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does boiling a bagel do to the bagel?

Boiling it in the lye water, sugar water, or salt water depending on the type of bagel is what gives it the unique skin that you find in no other kind of bread. Without doing so it would just be a hoop of normal bread and would have few of the characteristics that define a bagel.


Question: ; Why do electronics in general start messing up over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 ; Why do electronics in general start messing up over time?

There is some physical degradation that happens in the electronics: corrosion and heat are two big factors. What you probably are experiencing though is added complexity. As programs and operating systems get more and more complex, they require more and more resources to do those complicated things. Without additional hardware, the experience seems slower. It’s kind of like if your one man lemonade stand expanded to include all the menu items of a chick fil a bit you didn’t build a proper restaurant with a large enough kitchen and drive through to serve all your new customers. You’d have a line around the block at your folding table, and the experience would be excruciatingly slow for customers. But it’s not because your folding table lost a leg - you’ve just got a grossly more complex operation. And with more and more complex things to do come more opportunities for “bugs” (aka screwups). At your lemonade stand there are only a few mistakes you can make - wrong amount of sugar/water/lemons, spilling drink, etc. But at chick fil a there are seemingly limitless things that can go wrong - cooking mistakes and cash register failures and leaks in the roof and clogged toilets and things you never thought of in your lemonade stand days.


Question: Why do certain foods make you more tired over others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do certain foods make you more tired over others?

Digestion takes energy and some foods are easier to digest than others. The more complex the food normally it means it takes longer to break down. Digestion is also an activity that is typically done whilst the body is actively resting or relaxing. There is anti-stress actions happening which encourage blood flow away from muscles and redirects it to the digestion system. This is a reason you can give yourself cramps when you try to exercise on a full stomach. It’s also the reason many of us feel too sick to eat when we’re stressed, the body can’t get into a relaxed enough state to digest properly. Another reason you might get tired is because your body can’t break down a certain part of the food. People who are intolerant to certain foods can find their body gets tired as it goes through a more aggressive attempt to remove the food (similar to an allergic reaction). This process is exhausting as it’s often uncomfortable and even painful.


Question: Why do audio mixers have plugins labeled as multiple channels and how are they utilized?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do audio mixers have plugins labeled as multiple channels and how are they utilized?

The 9/10 and 11/12 inputs are TRS stereo 1/4" inputs. TRS stands for tip-ring-sleeve and carries a stereo signal. A 6.5mm connector is a standard 1/4" cable. Oldschool headphones used 1/4" connectors, while new headphones use 1/8" TRS connection. Does that answer your question?


Question: What is a basic intuition for Gödel's incompleteness theorems?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What is a basic intuition for Gödel's incompleteness theorems?

Take the sentence, "This sentence is false." Is it true? Well, if it is, then it's false, so it's not true. So it must be false. If it's false, then it must be a true sentence (it says so itself!), so it's true. Wait a minute...something weird is happening, and you might intuitively recognize that it's because the sentence is referring to itself, from within itself. Godel basically showed that any set of math principles that's sufficiently complicated to do anything interesting with can create the math equivalent of "This sentence is false." And he did it in a general way that you can apply to \*any\* (sufficiently interesting) future set of math principles. So you can always create at least one "statement" that is neither true nor false, so any math theory is always going to have "gaps"...statements it can make that aren't true or false, they're something undecidable. The theory is incomplete. This was enormously demoralizing to a bunch of mathematicians who'd spent their entire careers trying to define the be-all-and-end-all of mathematics that would describe every single true statement of math that could ever be. Godel didn't just prove, "You're wrong this time", he proved, "You can never be right no matter how hard you try."


Question: Why can some video games host 10s of players with no lag while others can't seem to host a lag-free 1-on-1?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why can some video games host 10s of players with no lag while others can't seem to host a lag-free 1-on-1?

Without even trying to explain what causes lag, the short answer is that some programmers know what they are doing and some don’t.


Question: What's happening physically when you have a stuffy nose and eat something like wasabi? where does all that snot go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What's happening physically when you have a stuffy nose and eat something like wasabi? where does all that snot go?

That stuffy feeling inside your nose isn't all snot. a lot of it is simply the tissue inside your sinuses swelling up and blocking the airflow. think about what happens inside a penis during an erection: blood engorges the tissues inside a penis that makes it swell up and become stiff. The same process happens inside sinuses when we are sick. So what wasabi and horseradish does make your nostrils flare open more and it also makes the snot mucus inside your sinuses thin out and drip more easily. some of the snot comes out the front, some of it goes down the back of the throat. This is a good thing because the thinner mucus is less hospitable towards bacterial growth and it can contribute to you feeling better. You'll get a similar feeling from Chinese mustard.


Question: Why white corn tortillas hold up so much better than yellow corn tortillas even of the same brand/size?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why white corn tortillas hold up so much better than yellow corn tortillas even of the same brand/size?

I can't give the specific chemistry behind it, but they are made from two different types of corn. White corn tortillas are generally made more smooth, durable, and pliable as they are often rolled. White tortillas are sometimes grilled as well. While yellow corn tortillas are more coarse textured and rigid (i.e. they break when rolled) and are used for things like tacos (although you can certainly use white as well!) Just for clarity too, white corn is not a flour tortilla, which is different. There's also blue corn tortillas out there, its common in New Mexico, but unusual anywhere else. There is no difference in taste, just color. Edit: Should add, yellow corn tortillas tend to have more of a "corn" taste than white, but its subtle. Some people prefer one or the other, or different depending on the circumstances.


Question: How do CEOs trade stock from their company without it being insider trading?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How do CEOs trade stock from their company without it being insider trading?

There's a few different ways to avoid any issues, and this isn't all inclusive. The first, is that often senior executives make a "schedule" for buying and selling shares of their own company about a quarter ahead of time and follow that plan. Thats enough time that they can't really mess with too much and the plan is in place. Another is that there are embargo periods where they can't do anything, then the embargo is temporarily lifted, generally right after an earnings report, where they can trade. Since the earnings report came out, and is public you can assume everyone has basically the same info as the company, thats the whole point of the report. Often times, this can be combined with the schedule Lastly, in some cases, their investment properties (stock) can be held in a blind trust... basically they own it, but don't manage it in any way and its managed by a trusted third party and they have no influence on it. At the end of the day, there has to be some exceptions to allow people working at the company to trade stock, be it the CEO or the person working there with 1 share.


Question: How do light bulbs go out?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How do light bulbs go out?

If you mean "burn out": the tungsten filament inside a bulb is relatively fragile. When you turn the bulb on and off the filament heats up then cools down. Each heat/cooling cycle will put stresses on the material and over time it will develop weak spots until the material just "breaks" in a spot. Bulbs that turn on/off frequently (like in your entrance hallway, or a bedside reading lamp) will (in general) burn out quicker than ones that are infrequently turned on or are left on for long periods. Of course the bulbs for special purposes like your car headlights or the bulb in your fridge are designed to different robustness standards.


Question: Why do mathematicians care about ridiculously large prime numbers?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do mathematicians care about ridiculously large prime numbers?

Modern encryption relies on prime numbers: *Primes have very special properties for factorization. One of those properties is that while it is relatively easy to find larger prime numbers, it’s unavoidably hard to factor large numbers back into primes. It’s one thing to figure out that 20 is (2 * 2 * 5), and quite another to figure out that 2,244,354 is (2 * 3 * 7 * 53,437). It’s quite another again to find the prime factors of a number fifty digits long. Though the best mathematicians have chewed on the problem for hundreds of years, there just doesn’t seem to be any way to factor large numbers efficiently.* *That fact makes primes vitally important to communications. Most modern computer cryptography works by using the prime factors of large numbers. The large number that was used to encrypt a file can be publicly known and available, because the encryption works so only the prime factors of that large number can be used to decrypt it again. Though finding those factors is technically only a matter of time, it’s a matter of so much time that we say it cannot be done. A modern super-computer could chew on a 256-bit factorization problem for longer than the current age of the universe, and still not get the answer.* [source]( URL_0 )


Question: How do probiotics work and why can taking them sometimes cause extreme abdominal discomfort?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How do probiotics work and why can taking them sometimes cause extreme abdominal discomfort?

Probiotics are colonies of good bacteria. Taking them is suppose to repopulate the gut with said bacteria, but if you get too much, if they have to fight with the existing bacteria and either die, or you are eating a diet that causes them to produce a lot of waste you will sometimes have discomfort.


Question: Why does fruit at the bottom of a container (like strawberries) or fruit basket go bad first?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why does fruit at the bottom of a container (like strawberries) or fruit basket go bad first?

As fruit ages, it releases chemicals into the air that receptors on the surface of fruit use to trigger ripening/decomposition. This is how fruit are able to ripen at about the same time in a field/orchard even if they began growing at different times. When you pack a bunch of fruit into a container, these chemicals will build up at the bottom causing that fruit to ripen faster. Separate from all this, moisture also tends to build up at the bottom of a container, providing a habitat for algae, fungus and mold spores. As an aside, bananas give off way more of these ripening chemicals than most fruits, and so you can stick unripe fruit in a paper bag with a ripe banana to get them to ripen faster. The paper bag is important as it prevents the buildup of moisture. As a result you get the ripening without the mold.


Question: How do sea animals get their hydration, if the sea water is too salty to be consumed?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do sea animals get their hydration, if the sea water is too salty to be consumed?

Some absorb the water they need from the things they eat, others can actually process seawater and remove or reduce the amount of salt in it.


Question: why does our metabolism start to work slower when we hit our 20’s?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 why does our metabolism start to work slower when we hit our 20’s?

It doesn’t really. At least not significantly. Your resting metabolic rate does slow down over time, but only to the point of where you would need about 250-500 calories less in a day when you hit middle/late age. People tend to gain weight in early to mid adulthood because they’re no longer playing high school sports or doing anything to stay active enough, along with more stress and alcohol consumption. Don’t be worried about your metabolism as you age, worry about your eating and exercise habits. Slow metabolism isn’t an excuse at all


Question: Why can't a sitting president be indicted for a crime?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why can't a sitting president be indicted for a crime?

Because there would be nobody to prosecute him. It has happened. Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus, the Supreme court ruled it was unconstitutional because the President lacks that power in the constitution. Did he go to Jail? No. Did he even go to court? No. All the people that might have arrested him or prosecuted him work in the Justice Department - they work for the President. So there can be no trial. This works both ways, President Lincoln didn't get a chance to defend himself. If there had been a trial, and Lincoln had won, everybody would have said "They didn't really try to win because they work for him". Right or wrong, this doesn't work. Recognizing this, the Constitution handles this special condition with a special sort of court-like process = Impeachment.


Question: Speaker playing different frequencies at the same time, what does the cone actually vibrate at?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Speaker playing different frequencies at the same time, what does the cone actually vibrate at?

Check out this [picture]( URL_0 ). It shows what happens when you combine two frequencies. They add together to form a new waveform. The places where the peaks of the two inputs meet will be amplified to louder than the original signals. But, places where a trough meets a peak will cancel out to zero. It is this combined waveform that your speaker reproduces.


Question: How do we know π is never repeating when could be just a really big series/pattern of numbers?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How do we know π is never repeating when could be just a really big series/pattern of numbers?

This is a bit complicated so I'm going to trh my best to break it down in a way that will at least give you something! I'm also not a professional mathematician (though I do have a degree in math). I hope this helps somewhat! Irrational numbers are numbers that cannot be expressed as the ratio of two integers. This means their decimal sequence never ends or repeats. However, there are two major classes are irrational numbers that are each a little different. The first are [algebraic numbers]( URL_4 ), which are numbers that are the solution to some algebraic expression with integer coefficients. All integers and rational numbers are algebraic numbers as you can simply construct an expression such as m*x=n, therefore giving you solutions of the form n/m where n and m can be any integer. However, what is really interesting to us here are irrational algebraic numbers. The square root of two is an irrational algebraic number as it is the solution of x^2 =2. It can be shown that this number is irrational quite easily by a proof of contradiction shown [here]( URL_2 ). The second major class of irrational numbers are known as [transcendental numbers]( URL_1 ). These are numbers that do not satisfy any finite length algebraic expression, and so they can be thought of as "transcending" algebra. The [Lindemamm-Weierstrass Theorem]( URL_3 ) allows for a proof that pi is NOT an algebraic number. The proof essentially goes as follows: - First, it was shown the e^a (where e is the base of the natural log) is transcendental if and only if **a** is algebraic. (A sketch of this proof is shown [here]( URL_0 )) - Euler's identity is used to show us that e^(i*pi) =-1 - Because -1 is a rational number, then that means (by our first step) that i*pi is NOT algebraic. - i is the imaginary unit and is algebraic (it is the solution to x^2 =-1) - Therefore pi is not algebraic. - If pi is not algebraic then it must be transcendental, and so it is irrational. An interesting thing to note though, is that even though pi is transcendental and thus has a never ending non-repeating decimal sequence, it has NOT been proven to be "normal". What that means is that we dont know if every digit appears with the same regularity. If pi isnt normal, then it means that even though it is never ending and non-repeating, there are sequences of digits it would NEVER contain. As an extreme example to illustrate this: imagine that at somepoint, a trillion trillion trillion digits into pi, it stops containing the number 5. No more 5's appear. The rest of the digits (0-4 and 6-9) still appear infinitely and non-repeating, but you'll never get another sequence that contains a 5. What this means is that those quotes claiming that pi contains every sequence of digits and thus contains the information for "anything and everythjng" aren't actually substantiated as of yet. If pi is normal then that would be true, however we just dont know! (And it should be pointed out that this property is not actually mysterious or unique. Most numbers are transcendental and normal. We just have a difficult time finding/proving them to be such because so much of our mathematical foundation is based around algebra) **TLDR:** The basic idea is that it is possible to show that the number e is transcendental as it cannot be expressed as the solution to a finite algebraic expression. By using ruler's identity, you can conclude that the same must also be true for pi. This is rather complicated stuff.... maybe someone with more insight than me can give a better answer, but i hope this helped at least a bit! Let me know if you've got any questions about this.


Question: Why are cones and pyramids exactly 1/3 of a cylinder or prism's volume?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why are cones and pyramids exactly 1/3 of a cylinder or prism's volume?

Let's look a simple case first, the cube. A cube is incidentally the base of a pyramid and also a square prism of the same base face as the pyramid. I also happens to have identical side faces, which will help us later on. Imagine a pyramid with the base face of our cube. You can move the tip of the pyramid around without changing the height \(moving within a horizontal plane\) and you won't change the volume of the pyramid, right? So imagine moving the tip of the pyramid into the upper right hand, back corner of the cube. Now imagine a second pyramid, hanging upside down into the cube from the top surface, with its tip on the base face of the cube. This pyramid has the same volume as the first, right? Again, we can move the tip around in the plane of the base face without changing the volume. Now imagine moving the tip of this second pyramid into the the bottom left hand back corner of the cube. Some of the edges of the second pyramid will coincide with those of the first pyramid, but the two volumes will not overlap anywhere, correct? Now look at the remaining volume in the cube. The front face is completely free, and you have edges from the first two pyramids leading from each corner of the front face into that same lower back left hand corner, correct? Now because this is a cube, the front face has the same area as the base or top face, and the depth is the same as the height. So this means that the remaining space is a third pyramid, with the same volume as the first two. Three pyramids together have the same volume as the cube \(the square prism, remember?\), so a single pyramid has one third the volume of the prism. Now, imagine streching the cube's height, and try and see what happens with the pyramids. You'll be changing the overall volume, but the three pyramids will still all have equal volumes, right \(two will have their height changed, the third will have its base area changed by the same factor\)? Still one third of the prism, even if it's no longer a cube. The final step is a bit harder to imagine, but you can do the same thing we did with a cube in a pyramid with a tetrahedron in a triangular prism, or a five sided pyramid in a pentagram prism. You can alway fit three pyramids inside the prism \(it does get hard to imagine for higher numbers of sides\). In fact, you can do it for any number of sides. And once you have a hundred or ten thousand sides to your prism, the step to a cyclinder isn't hard to imagine.


Question: Why do software companies (especially social media ones) change their UI very often even though it is perfectly fine, often leading to objectively worse design?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do software companies (especially social media ones) change their UI very often even though it is perfectly fine, often leading to objectively worse design?

They are trying to be "new" because it increases engagement. People who use the site all the time figure it out, and people who don't use the site often might give it more tries. Better or worse isn't really the goal, it never was. This approach dates back to some human performance studies done in a factory during the 1920s. It's called the Hawthorne effect, after the town where the factory was located.


Question: Why can you go hours without speaking or eating and have your mouth (mostly) unaffected, but you rest/nap for 30 minutes and your mouth feels dirtier?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can you go hours without speaking or eating and have your mouth (mostly) unaffected, but you rest/nap for 30 minutes and your mouth feels dirtier?

I don't have any sources, but I'm pretty sure when you sleep, the glands that control saliva flow under your tongue and in your cheeks refrain from secreting saliva. 30 minutes is enough for bacteria to grow without saliva. On the other hand, when you're awake, you're constantly producing saliva. Even if you aren't eating or talking. That makes it much harder for "dirtiness" to spread.


Question: If every spider in the world just vanished without a trace, how long would it take for humanity to feel the impacts? Would society collapse or be threatened at all?

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<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If every spider in the world just vanished without a trace, how long would it take for humanity to feel the impacts? Would society collapse or be threatened at all?

Some pests will see an increase in number, that or an explosion of other prey animals would occur to fill that ecological nitche. A few spider eating birds would suffer if they can't adapt to a new food, which might result in whatever species the birds adapt to take a hit. I don't think society will collapse, but the environment would have a challenge.


Question: What do some stores have a minimum charge?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What do some stores have a minimum charge?

Credit/debit card transaction fees billed to merchants are often composed of a fixed amount per transaction plus a percentage of the transaction. For small transactions, that fixed amount can become a large portion of the overall transaction amount to the point where it can place the merchant into a position where they would be losing money on all small card transactions.


Question: How does oxygen run out in the ocean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does oxygen run out in the ocean?

Fish don't split the oxygen from the H2O molecules. Oxygen (O2) is dissolved *in* the water (like how you'd dissolve salt in water). Fish are using this dissolved oxygen.


Question: Why does the Nintendo Switch experience controller connectivity problems (aka 'Joycon drift') when both the Wii and WiiU largely did not have this problem?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the Nintendo Switch experience controller connectivity problems (aka 'Joycon drift') when both the Wii and WiiU largely did not have this problem?

It basically boils down to a hardware design issue. Some sensor that's supposed to stay centered when theres no stick push registers when there is no actual stick push or the mechanical reentering mechanism has worn out and no longer properly recenters. The previous consoles used different designs.


Question: Why is the primary braking force on a motorcycle applied to the front wheel?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the primary braking force on a motorcycle applied to the front wheel?

Well this is the thing, the front wheel is way less likely to lock than the rear. As soon as you start applying braking force, the mass of you and the bike press the front suspension and consequently the front tire hard into the road. Unless you're on ice or something or properly standing water, you're very very unlikely to lock up the front wheel provided you don't snatch the brake on that hard that it doesn't get chance for the bike to load up the front suspension. Once that suspension is loaded up, you can keep squeezing that front brake lever up until the point that the back tire would start lifting off the road because the harder you brake, the harder the front wheel is being pressed against the road, and the more grip it gets. You can put a **lot** more stopping power into the front wheel. On the other hand, the back wheel has the opposite problem. As soon as you're braking it's throwing the weight forward **off** the back wheel, which makes it more likely to want to lock up. You get the most braking force of a tire on the road just before the wheel locks, so not only is that bad for your braking ability anyway, it reduces the control you have over the bike, because the back wheel can now slide around. So when they say the front wheel does most of your braking, it literally does. The back wheel physically can't put the same braking force into slowing the bike down as the front wheel can. It's the opposite situation as to why rear wheel drive cars can accelerate harder than front wheel drive, because the act of acceleration forces the back wheels into the ground which gives them more grip, whereas on the front wheels, acceleration lifts them up.


Question: What creates the whipping sound?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What creates the whipping sound?

If you’re referring to an actual whip crack, what creates the sound is the tip of the whip breaking the sound barrier.


Question: What’s so hard about solving a rubik’s cube if there’s a certain way/formula to solve it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s so hard about solving a rubik’s cube if there’s a certain way/formula to solve it?

Solving a Rubik's Cube isn't hard once you've memorized the formulas. If you don't know the formulas at all, the difficulty comes from your brain trying to figure them out, despite not realizing that you're figuring them out, if that makes sense. For Rubik's Cube experts, the difficulty is associated with doing it *quickly*. You know all the formulas, but have to analyze every side of the cube in seconds, and decide which formulas you'll need in which order, without stopping to check your progress, while not making mistakes due to your speed.


Question: Why is the English language so inconsistent in phonics?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the English language so inconsistent in phonics?

In the words of James Nicoll: "\[English doesn't\] just borrow words; on occasion, English has pursued other languages down alleyways to beat them unconscious and rifle their pockets for new vocabulary." English is made up of a bunch of different languages. The core of it is Germanic (from the Angles; literally: Angle-ish), but it has a lot of French and Greek and Latin layered on top of that as well as bits peppered in from a bunch of others. Each of those brought with them their own rules of grammar, and then all of those rules of grammar collided with and got mixed up in each other; producing *entirely new* grammar babies. The thing about England is it got invaded a lot. Romans, Angles and Saxons, Normans, the occasional Viking raid here and there. Each of those groups left their mark on the language over time.


Question: Are there individuals that are exempt from fasting during Ramadan?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are there individuals that are exempt from fasting during Ramadan?

People who are sick, young children, the elderly, pregnant women (this is debatable I think), and people who are menstruating are exempt. The general rules is not to fast if it will be detrimental to your health.


Question: How do children acquire word meaning?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do children acquire word meaning?

Most of it is context and repetition. You see a dog, you point at the dog, you say "dog". Your kid associates all things that shape with being a dog. Then you repeat that a million times a day for everything you see. With other words, like "what is that?" They learn from our tone, and from what we leave out of our sentence. You see a dog, you point at a dog, you don't say "dog" so your kid says it for you. You get excited, they know they've succeeded. Plus listening to people talk normally helps them figure out what order words go in.


Question: How do they program FPS video game bots to know how to attack you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do they program FPS video game bots to know how to attack you?

So, like, they are all like, “Marco,” and, if you a) fall into a certain “recognition range,” (comparable x/y/z coordinates to aforementioned “game bots”) or b) take some action to provoke / trigger their pre-programmed behavior (e.g., shooting at you, melee attack, etc.), you can’t *not* say, “polo.” Its as if the game makes you holler it out, just because you’re within visible range. If you do certain things, the game is set to send you “obstacles” like zombies trying to eat your flesh or terrorist trying to shoot you from a window to slow your progress & engage your interest. Once certain constraints are met, rules of engagement become defined by the level of proximity or involvement... an enemy may *only temporarily see you* if you’re 30’ away. Lying down behind a bush may allow the timer to count down & if no further actions are taken (you don’t get any closer / shoot at him / make noise - it all depends on the game, right?) his awareness drops off & he wanders away. Let that same scenario unfold, except this time, while the enemy or zombie or whatever is still “alert,” (normally as you’d be hiding it to avoid engagement) your character activates another trigger. In that case, the speed in which the enemy engages you is likely to increase, and exponentially so - again, all contingent on the game, itself, and the story, premise, mechanics and metrics.


Question: Why is the Sun deep red/orange in up close pictures but rarely looks that color from Earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the Sun deep red/orange in up close pictures but rarely looks that color from Earth?

"Up close pictures" are heavily reduced in brightness so detail is visible. Otherwise your picture of the sun would just be a white circle which isn't particularly helpful. Many astronomy pictures are edited in such a way, as the human eye isn't as capable as the telescopes used to capture data. Certain wavelengths can detect different types of gas within nebula for example but it is up to artistic license what color each range of wavelengths are depicted because humans might not even be able to perceive the original. An image from a radio telescope being a blank page isn't very helpful either.


Question: What is Gauss's Law and why is it introduced / taught using hypothetical and physically impossible examples?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Gauss's Law and why is it introduced / taught using hypothetical and physically impossible examples?

Gauss' law is all about Electric Fields and where they come from. The various equations all are a mathematical way of saying: Where an electric field originates, there must be a positive charge, where it ends, there is a negative charge. More precisely, it even tells you how many charges. As to your second question: it is taught in abstract examples because it's easier that way. When you learn how to calculate the trajectory of a ball that is thrown, in the beginning you neglect things like air resistance to make it easier and to make the basic equations more clear. In the same way you start to learn about electric fields in ideal circumstances first.


Question: Why do toddlers embrace saying "no" and lying quicker than saying "yes" and telling the truth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do toddlers embrace saying "no" and lying quicker than saying "yes" and telling the truth?

It is much easier for a young child to comprehend the present than the future. They understand that they are in trouble and want to avoid the consequences of now. Recognizing that being truthful will lead to trust in the future is too abstract of a concept for a young mind to comprehend. Source: My 3 year old son drives me nuts every day with this behavior!


Question: what is different about upload and download speeds that makes ISPs give you fast download but barely any upload speed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is different about upload and download speeds that makes ISPs give you fast download but barely any upload speed?

If an ISP can provide you with X amount of bandwidth, they then have to decide how much of it is divided into download and upload. To make your upload bandwidth higher, they would have to reduce your download bandwidth. The average user will value a higher download speed more, so that's generally what they provide. You can find ISPs that offer better upload to those who want it though.


Question: Why are bad memories almost always more clear and easy to recall than good ones?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are bad memories almost always more clear and easy to recall than good ones?

Its a survival mechanism. When we were evolving, mistakes could be deadly, so the brain is wired to remember them better so its less likely to be repeated. Unfortunately the brain hasn't caught up to life nowadays, where mistakes aren't as deadly.


Question: How does a player piano work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a player piano work?

Player pianos are played by feeding a paper roll of "music" through the center of the piano. The roll has dashes punched out to indicate what music notes are to be played and when. As the roller pulls the paper through the piano the gaps trigger strings inside the piano to release, causing the hammer for a specific piano string to strike that string, producing sound.


Question: If an erection lasts more than 4 hours, what exactly is a doctor going to do about it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If an erection lasts more than 4 hours, what exactly is a doctor going to do about it?

Administer drugs that help the problem go away (usually phenylephrine or the like) via injection in the erection. There’s also a method of draining blood from the erection manually via a needle.


Question: How does pain medicine work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does pain medicine work?

"Analgesics," the technical term for pain relief medications, actually refers to several different *categories* of medication, each with a *very* different mechanism of action. TL;DR: we're not really sure how the most common over-the-counter pain medications work, but have a pretty decent idea how opioids work. One of the more common categories is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ("NSAIDs"). This includes ibuprofen (Advil), naproxen (Aleve), and good, old-fashioned aspirin, among many others. These all work by interfering with a specific category of enzymes that are involved in the production of certain hormones. . . which in turn has anti-inflammatory and pain relief effects. We're not exactly sure why, but there you go. Then there's acetaminophen, also called paracetamol, the active ingredient in Tylenol. We're even less sure how that one works. It's *not* the same mechanism as NSAIDs, we know that much. Also, whereas NSAIDs have anti-inflammatory properties in addition to analgesic properties, Tylenol and related medications have "anti-pyretic" (i.e., fever-reducing) properties, again via a mechanism we don't really understand. *Then* there are opioids. Morphine. Codeine. Hydrocodone. Oxycodone. Opium. *Heroin*. Etc. These directly bind to "receptor" sites (i.e., locations on the surface of cells that detect the presence of particular proteins) in the brain and nervous system generally having a variety of effects. One of the most notable is pain relief, as opioids basically block your nervous system from registering pain by occupying all of your pain receptors. But they'll also do a number on your gut and suppress your breathing to the point that you'll *die* if you take too much. Far, *far* more powerful drugs than either of those discussed above. Which is why they're very strictly controlled in most jurisdictions, and some of them are just outright illegal pretty much everywhere.


Question: Why is oil being traded in dollars supposed to be so important to the USA?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is oil being traded in dollars supposed to be so important to the USA?

Right now the US dollar is the world reserve currency, meaning it is the standard used for trade around the world. This does two things: - Countries need to purchase US dollars for trade. This creates international demand for the US dollar and increases its value while giving money to the US. - Countries that own large quantities of US currency have an incentive to favor international policies that keep its value high so they don’t lose money This increases the strength and influence of the US in the world.