Question: Why not just kill all mosquitoes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why not just kill all mosquitoes?

We *are* trying to do exactly that. Experiments have run in several countries in which genetically modified mosquitos are released to mix with natural mosquitos, they mate, and the result is no viable offspring. URL_0


Question: What exactly are hydrothermal vents?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly are hydrothermal vents?

Often in the deep ocean, the ground is very thin. There is super hot magma close to the surface. The ocean floor is covered by water, a lot of that water seeps into the ground. When that water in the ground gets close to the magma, it heats up and rises. The hydrothermal vent is where that hot water rises out of the ground.


Question: Why did it take so long for the concept of zero to be discorved in some parts of the world?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did it take so long for the concept of zero to be discorved in some parts of the world?

I mean, they certainly understood the concept of 'nothing,' particularly in simple, practical situations. It wasn't "well, I drank the last bottle of wine, and now we have no idea if we have any wine left." But there's a jump from that, to actually being able to use zero mathematically, much like infinity, even of the basics are comprehensible.


Question: How does lighting know where to strike?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does lighting know where to strike?

Electric charge spreads out in all directions. The easier it is to move in one direction, the more charge moves that way. This is the "path of least resistance". The process is pretty random, some places the air is a little moister than others. However, when this random spread of charge reaches a low resistance ground, like a tall metal lightning rod, it can flow much more quickly than through the air because metal has much less resistance. This "solves" the path of least resistance to the ground problem, and as the electric charge flows it warms the air. Then it ionizes the air, greatly reducing the resistance. Huge amounts of current can flow through the ionized air, after the path has been solved. This huge current flow through ionized air is called lightning. When you see it there is a often a random jaggedness to it, because of the randomness of the path finding process. Of course, the huge current superheats the air, causing the sound of thunder.


Question: What is black pen ink made of and what color is it truly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is black pen ink made of and what color is it truly?

So there are a lot of different formulas for black ink and it depends on what medium the color is for. The earliest ink was just burnt carbon and oil. Today inks are mostly synthetic and have a lot of different formulas because black pigment is rather expensive. Some are really just very very very dark brown. Some are a combo of green and purple. There’s even different shades of black, like Mars black, ivory black, and lamp black. Sorry, there is not really a simple answer.


Question: What does a torque and tension test do and how is it read/extrapolated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does a torque and tension test do and how is it read/extrapolated?

I'm not familiar with the testing, but I can explain what torque and tension are. Torque is the term used to describe the effect a force has when twisting something. When you unscrew the cap on a water bottle, you are applying a torque (or twisting force) to the cap. Tension is the force an object exerts to resist being stretched. In a tug-of-war, the rope is being pulled from both sides, but instead of being stretched out (like a rubber band), the particles in the rope resist being pulled apart, and this resistance is called tension.


Question: What does the "Don't tread on me" snake flag mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does the "Don't tread on me" snake flag mean?

Side note, I saw a version of that flag that said "Tread on me daddy" that I thought was pretty funny.


Question: Why is "mama" the same word with the same meaning in languages that have nothing to do with each other from Africa to Europe?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is "mama" the same word with the same meaning in languages that have nothing to do with each other from Africa to Europe?

Because "ma" is one of the easiest sounds to make, along with "da" and "pa". This means babies that are making random noises as they learn to talk will start out saying these sounds to get their parents' attention, and as a result people around the world took it as the words for parents. As for why "ma"-derived words almost universally mean mother and "da"/"pa"-derived words almost universally mean father, I don't know.


Question: Why do Lithium Ion batteries take time to charge? Why can't things like phones and other chargeable devices charge almost instantly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do Lithium Ion batteries take time to charge? Why can't things like phones and other chargeable devices charge almost instantly?

Imagine the battery is waterfall. All of the water is at the top then it is drained to the bottom. A charger moves the water back to the top, but it takes work. So that limits how much water it can carry up each trip. It takes time to move all the water back up. Now bigger devices can have more water moved but you don’t want to move too much because then it damages the actual waterfall to climb back up.


Question: How do news sites get their new articles, which are just minutes old, to the top of search engine results?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do news sites get their new articles, which are just minutes old, to the top of search engine results?

They don't get them there, search engines are programmed to find news articles with frequent crawls, and put them there.


Question: How do chameleons change colors on command?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do chameleons change colors on command?

Chameleon skin has a superficial layer which contains pigments, and under the layer are cells with guanine crystals. Chameleons change color by changing the space between the guanine crystals, which changes the wavelength of light reflected off the crystals which changes the color of the skin.


Question: If the symptoms of illness are often the body's way of trying to fight the malady (sneezing, coughing, fever, etc.), wouldn't treating the illness symptomatically makes things worse than if we just allowed ourselves to be miserable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the symptoms of illness are often the body's way of trying to fight the malady (sneezing, coughing, fever, etc.), wouldn't treating the illness symptomatically makes things worse than if we just allowed ourselves to be miserable?

Fever reducers do slow fight against a virus, but most people agree that they'd rather feel bad for 5 days versus miserable for 4 days.


Question: How do baby wipes stay wet ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do baby wipes stay wet ?

Well, as long as the package is sealed, the humidity has nowhere to go. If you leave the package open, the humidity will eventually evaporate and dry the wipes.


Question: Why do human beings lose interest in things and activities humans used to like when kids?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do human beings lose interest in things and activities humans used to like when kids?

On a biological level, there's a lot of brain growth and physical growth. Their bodies need to be active in order to process the food that they're eating and stimulate natural functions. A lot of colors are good for babies especially because they have very poor vision from birth and their eyes are developing rapidly in the first few years. Lack of stimulation such as visual or communication has been proven to have many negative effects in feral children. It's also very cognitive and psychological. Children need those things in order to develop fine and gross and social skills, prepare their brains to process information as they grow, adhere to cultural standards that help them function, and express a lot of things they see and hear and think during their first experiences in the adult world. Societal pressure and peer influence and influence in the educational system or family also play a part in it. It's also going to be in inherent when there's a fine line between what's appropriate for kids and what's not appropriate, that is where they get their entertainment from. Adults do need these things but it's a different kind of need. They become less interested because it's not exactly necessary for function or growth, most of the benefits come from nostalgia or stress relief or further education or maintaining health, or from the stimulation in the case of autism or SPD or learning disorders.


Question: How do property value assessments work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do property value assessments work?

For selling purposes, a bank doesn't want to lend you more money than the house is worth. So, in most cases you are required to hire someone to assess the value of the house you want to buy before they approve you for a loan. A person will come out, walk through the house and compare it to similar houses in the area that have sold recently and base the value based on that. They will search for records of houses that are the same square footage, year built, number of rooms, etc and assign a value to the house.


Question: can the US replace destroyed money if it was destroyed during a bank robbery?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 can the US replace destroyed money if it was destroyed during a bank robbery?

Yes. In fact this is what the vast majority of newly printed money is for anyway. Paper money has a short lifespan and gets beat up, so the banks mail it in get it replaced with freshly minted bills. No inflation occurs as they are removing the same amount from circulation.


Question: What is a Gas Planet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a Gas Planet?

Gas planets have no real surface on them. The gas gets denser and denser as you descend, like water going from water to slush to ice. On gas planets, as you go towards the core, the pressure increases (and temps too) until the gas is liquid, then solid. There may be a rocky core under thousands of miles of gas for Uranus and Neptune, but the other 2 outer planets are probably without that core.


Question: In movies that feature war scenes with horses, how do they make the horses fall down without hurting them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In movies that feature war scenes with horses, how do they make the horses fall down without hurting them?

In modern films its mostly CGI, its just very good so most people can't tell the difference, for example in lord of the rings all battle scenes feature cgi horses. In old movies they just trained horses to fall in safe ways, and accelerated the scene to make it seem more violent and realistic. Horses are hardy beasts, falls are unlikely to hurt them unless they occur while galloping at high speeds.


Question: the discrepancy in size between the observable universe and the age of the universe. If the universe is 13.8 billion years old than how can it be observable to 43.5 billion light years?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 the discrepancy in size between the observable universe and the age of the universe. If the universe is 13.8 billion years old than how can it be observable to 43.5 billion light years?

Space is getting bigger. Like, things get farther apart faster than they're actually moving, because more space is coming into existence between them. The current rate is 68 kilometers per second per million parsecs; in the early universe the speed was much faster. What this means is there's light from the early universe that has traveled along a line 13.8 billion light years in distance, but it's origin point has moved ~30 billion light years in that time. Like, imagine an ant walking on a rubber band. The rubber band is 12 inches long. You stretch out the rubber band while the ant is walking, until it's 5 feet long; but the ant only had to walk, say, 3 feet because the distance it already traveled stretched out as well. The ant didn't *go* faster than normal, but it *did* travel from the start to the finish faster in less time than its current length would suggest.


Question: Is there a maximum speed a bubble of air can achieve when moving towards the water surface? What does it depend on?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there a maximum speed a bubble of air can achieve when moving towards the water surface? What does it depend on?

Bubbles speed up as they go up because they expand. Terminal velocity is dependant on air pressure, which is pretty uniform in the atmosphere for a really long distance. While water doubles pressure roughly at 10 meters, then adds a bar/atm every subsequent 10. So at any given depth there is a terminal velocity dependant on the boyant forces of the bubble and the Archimedes principle, but that speed increases as you lower the water pressure (which happens as it rises in an open system). EDIT: only doubles pressure for the first 10, then adds every 10 meters.


Question: How do sharks survive when they don't sleep?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do sharks survive when they don't sleep?

For one thing, not all sharks have to keep swimming to continue "breathing". Nurse sharks, for example, can and do sit on the bottom all day with no trouble. As for the sharks that do swim all the time, a quick Google search suggests that there's no clear answer on whether or not they sleep at all or how to even define "sleep" for them. However, dolphins have similar breathing troubles as sharks because breathing is always under conscious control for them (i.e. they only breathe when they think about it) so they'd drown if they fell asleep like humans do. Since dolphins are so much easier to study than sharks (sharks can't be trained to cooperate with researchers), we know that dolphins get around that problem by only sleeping with half of their brain at a time. At such times they have only one eye open, they tend to hang out at the surface, and they can and do move around sluggishly. I know you didn't ask about dolphins, but since there's no answer for the shark question, I figured I'd throw it in as lagniappe. Source: URL_0


Question: How is it possible for some infinities to be larger than others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it possible for some infinities to be larger than others?

There are actually a few notions of infinity, so twice infinity is only larger than infinity in certain circumstances. # ∞ The normal sort of infinity, ∞, is the extreme end of the number line. It's the same for the real numbers, integers, whatever. This sort of infinity isn't a number. You can't double it because, if you could, there would be something further on the number line than it, so you'd have to move ∞ further on the number line to begin with. Similarly, you can't add one to it. But you can negate it; ∞ × -1 = -∞. That sort of infinity is the furthest point on a number line containing both positive and negative numbers. # ℵ Another sort of infinity is the size of a set of things -- the _cardinality_ of a set. This is a series of infinities named ℵ. ℵ₀ is the smallest of them, and that's the size of the set of natural numbers. Again, this isn't a number! It's a size of a set, but you can't add 1 to it, and you can't double it. If you can create a mapping between two sets that leaves nothing out on either side, the two sets have the same size. So if we want to map the natural numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, etc) to the counting numbers (1, 2, 3, ...), we can use a simple function: add 1 to a natural number to get the corresponding counting number. And in reverse: subtract 1 from a counting number to get the corresponding natural number. For any natural number, you can get its counting number counterpart; for any counting number, you can get its natural number counterpart. Same thing with the even non-negative numbers and the counting numbers: the forward function is `x / 2 + 1` and the reverse is `(x - 1) * 2`. So you get 0 → 1, 2 → 2, 4 → 3, etc. Same thing with the non-negative numbers and all integers. Here, the forward function is `-1^x * floor(x/2)`, and the reverse function is left as an exercise to the reader. With the prime numbers, you can just identify them in order; there's a first prime number, a second prime number, etc. But you can't make one of these mappings between the counting numbers and the real numbers. Cantor's diagonalization proof gives a way to find a real number you can't have accounted for no matter how you try to map counting numbers to real numbers. So the set of real numbers is ℵ₁, right? ...well, turns out we aren't sure about that. We know it's at *least* ℵ₁, and we tend to believe that it's exactly ℵ₁, but the proof depends on an axiom that we're not quite certain of. # ω The last type of infinity has to do with ordinal numbers, and Cantor's also to blame for them. The idea behind an ordinal number is to specify a *position* in an ordering, just like a cardinal number specifies the size of a set. Ordinal numbers are a bit more like regular numbers than cardinal numbers or regular infinity. You can add 1 to them, and you can multiply them. So let's say you have a set containing the natural numbers (0, 1, 2, 3...) and a bear (🐻). You decide that the proper order for this is to have all the numbers, then the bear. There are ω natural numbers, and then there's one bear. The position for the natural numbers is easy: each number is its own position. The bear is in position ω+1. It has as many elements before it as there are natural numbers; it's in the very next position. With this sort of infinity, 2ω *is* greater than ω! 2ω is the position of the last element of a set containing, say, all the natural numbers and a distinct color for each natural number. And, sure, you can't necessarily count that high even with infinite amounts of time, but you don't have to. You know in advance how many things come before the bear or the last color, so you can start wherever you want.


Question: Was there a time when the universe didn’t exist? And if so, how can something arise from nothingness?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Was there a time when the universe didn’t exist? And if so, how can something arise from nothingness?

Based on the laws of physics something can’t come from nothing. So that tells us either there is something out there that made us. Or someplace has to exist with different laws of physics that allowed all of this to be created from nothing. Either way physics can’t tell ya whats on the others side, you’re better turning to religion lol.


Question: How can my phone have 6GB of RAM but my PCs 8GB RAM sticks are bigger than my phone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can my phone have 6GB of RAM but my PCs 8GB RAM sticks are bigger than my phone?

There are different considerations taken in mind when both are manufactured. RAM for your phone has to be small, light, and efficient. PC RAM isn't constrained by those, so it can be bigger - which makes it significantly less expensive - and it can use as much power as it needs to - which makes it faster. That also makes it hotter, so it *has* to be bigger to have more surface area to dissipate heat. Your PC RAM is also interchangeable, since it's not built into the motherboard. It's the same question posed to laptop manufacturers: why is RAM designed for laptops smaller and usually more expensive? Well, smaller makes it more expensive, and it has to be more power efficient. Your phone's RAM is built into the board, it uses more expensive smaller parts, and it isn't as powerful.


Question: Why is it that often when you have a medical problem where you can’t do something consistently, the recommended treatment is to do it consistently?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that often when you have a medical problem where you can’t do something consistently, the recommended treatment is to do it consistently?

Because it works. Forcing yourself to get up at the same time everyday, even if you haven't slept enough the night before helps to reset your body's rhythm and eventually you'll start to get sleepy at the appropriate time the night before. The human body reacts to patterns. It produces various chemicals at various times and those chemicals take a certain amount of time to do their thing and then get filtered out. Repeating behaviors even if they don't seem to line up at the moment, can get the chemicals to be produced at the proper time to get your normal function back.


Question: why do some foods have to be refrigerated but only after opening?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do some foods have to be refrigerated but only after opening?

Some foods are vacuum packed, or sealed with no oxygen, but nitrogen gas. When they are opened, their shelf life substantially shortens by exposing them to the air. With that clock ticking, you refrigerate it to retard the food going bad quicker.


Question: In a nuclear deal between the govt of India and Japanese company Westinghouse, how is the USA involved?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In a nuclear deal between the govt of India and Japanese company Westinghouse, how is the USA involved?

Westinghouse is american, have been for a long time. Im sure they got bought out by mitsubishi heavy industries (toshiba acrually) or something since US doesnt make nuclear plants anymore, and japan still does. URL_0


Question: Why do sodas and other sugary drinks become sticky when they dry?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do sodas and other sugary drinks become sticky when they dry?

sugars like that! anything that has sugar and water in it, the sugar gets sticky with less and less fluids, if you dry it completely you will get a sugary residue!


Question: How do co-ordinates in space work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do co-ordinates in space work?

Whatever is convenient to use really. In orbits around earth, the earth is used as the point of reference. When orbiting the sun, the sun is used. No matter what point of reference is used, the calculations work out to be the same, just math can be simplified quite a bit if proper references are used


Question: What's the consequences of Godel incompleteness theorem?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the consequences of Godel incompleteness theorem?

The primary and immediate consequence of the theorem is that you will never be able to root all of mathematics into some finite axiomatic system. Prior to his theory, the goal was to reduce math to a as few unproven axioms as possible, then derive all of mathematics from them. Godel showed that this is in vain. You will either have a system that has contradictions (is inconsistent) or will be unable to prove some things that are actually true (is incomplete).


Question: Why so we need to know so much of pi? When NASA only uses up to the first 18 digits of pi, why would we possibly need billions of digits? What does that accomplish?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why so we need to know so much of pi? When NASA only uses up to the first 18 digits of pi, why would we possibly need billions of digits? What does that accomplish?

Calculating decimals of pi really is just something some hobbyists do. It's not really that interesting thing to do mathematically, but it's sort of cool so if you have say a new supercomputer and want to demonstrate its might, might as well try to calculate digits of pi with it. If you calculate more digits than others, you may get some free publicity from doing something no one has ever done before, which is kinda cool. However, understanding number pi better is actually interesting mathematically. It's sorta the most important constant in mathematical world(well, beside 0 and 1), and us not knowing something about pi could mean there is something big we're overlooking. After all, it's a number we've used for thousands of years, we should know pi by now. If we don't understand these properties as they appear on pi, how would we detect them when we venture further into mathematical land, full of much weirder things? However, I must admit that I only know one somewhat important open question about pi. That is, if pi is a normal number. I'm not sure if any of pi's properties are that relevant to any of the big open questions about mathematics, that's way above my level of understanding, but my pop-science based understanding of it is that solving properties of pi is not really that focal to any of those major, really big problems.


Question: Music sounds noticeably slower after I work out. Mainly after running a great deal while I'm cooling down. Is there any explanation as to why this happens?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Music sounds noticeably slower after I work out. Mainly after running a great deal while I'm cooling down. Is there any explanation as to why this happens?

Ya brain is goin fast. All transmitters firing on all cylinders. Blood plentiful. Brain and body fueled for action. Reaction time increased. Details easier to see/hear/feel. You’re able to pick apart the music at a much faster rate than before.


Question: How do ticks expand so much despite having an exoskeleton?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do ticks expand so much despite having an exoskeleton?

If you look at them way up close, using a scanning electron microscope, you can see that their exoskeleton is folded, finely corrugated, so that it can expand to what seems like a huge size. You can often see clusters or patches of bacteria on the exoskeleton, and it seems obvious that when a tick breaks open, as they sometimes do, the bacteria could easily mingle with the blood meal. That is especially bad because ticks can heal themselves when they’re torn open. When you squeeze one, trying to get it off of your skin, you can then easily inject those bacteria into your wound.


Question: Why are big dump trucks not responsible for broke windshields, but a regular four door truck is?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are big dump trucks not responsible for broke windshields, but a regular four door truck is?

That sticker doesn't mean shit. Thats not the law just because they have a sticker. It kinda just means "if you're stupid enough to drive close to me then it's your own fault" but in a politer way.


Question: Why is common core math becoming (or is now) the popular method to teach? And what is it? Didn’t we already have that material figured out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is common core math becoming (or is now) the popular method to teach? And what is it? Didn’t we already have that material figured out?

Common Core just refers to a standard set of skills that the Department of Education has decided need to be taught to every student. Common Core Math looks a little bit weird to people who grew up without it, because in addition to the "classic" ways to do math it also focuses on ways that break up numbers in ways that are supposed to help students develop a better gut sense for estimation and do simple arithmetic more reliably in their heads. Something like `8 + 7 = 15` can also be processed as `8 + 7 = (8 + (10-8)) + (7 - (10-8)) = 10 + (7 - 2) = 10 + 5 = 15` or `8 + 7 = 1 + (7 * 2) = 1 + 14 = 15` which look weird when you write it out, but which can be useful ways to break up math that scales well for doing math with bigger numbers in your head and making quick estimations that helps you know what ballpark you should be in before doing something the classic way.


Question: How is the position on the Earth's Surface determined by a GPS?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the position on the Earth's Surface determined by a GPS?

There is a cluster of satellites in orbit (the much cooler term is "constellation of satellites"). Each one has a very accurate clock and they continuously broadcast their current time and which satellite they are. Your GPS device receives these time signals and since it knows (a) which satellite sent which signal, (b) where each satellite is supposed to be at that exact moment in time, and (c) that times three, it can use a technique called "trilatteration" to figure out where it is. Your GPS device never sends anything out, it only receives. The satellites never send out location information, just times and IDs. We just know where they are supposed to be at given times. In the end, it's the same basic mechanism of star navigation sailors have used for centuries, except that this time we made the stars.


Question: Why don’t airplane oxygen masks inflate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why don’t airplane oxygen masks inflate?

They will inflate only if the pressure of the oxygen line flowing to the mask is greater than the cabin air pressure. This will happen if there if there is a decompression at cruising altitude. At lower altitudes, the outside air pressure is higher, and the bag on the mask won't inflate. In the event of a loss in cabin pressure, there probably isn't time for a physics lesson and a math problem, so the flight attendants tell you that the mask may not inflate, so that you won't think that yours is broken.


Question: Why do plastics become yellowish over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do plastics become yellowish over time?

UV radiation can sometimes damage molecules in a polymer's Carbon backbone by knocking off a Hydrogen atom. When that happens, a double bond forms between adjacent Carbon atoms. When enough double bonds are formed, sections of the polymer chain become similar to a carotinoid structure, which changes the wavelengths of light the polymer absorbs, making it appear reddish/orangish or yellow.


Question: ART - How do sculptors create this shadow effect?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 ART - How do sculptors create this shadow effect?

This sculpture is made of marble, which is a special type of hard rock that doesn't "fracture" (split along lines) easily when you sculpt it and so you can make amazingly detailed statues. But it does one other thing that's really important and explains why it's used so often for human figures... it is translucent, meaning that light can pass into and through it a certain way. In gaming it's an advance technique for high-power video cards called "subsurface scattering". Take a flashlight and shine it through your open hand toward your eyes and you'll see that some of the light can be seen through the thinner parts like the webbing between your fingers. This is because light can penetrate into your skin. When you have light shining on your hand and look at the lit side, some of that light sinks in and then bounces out, so you can actually see a little bit down into your own skin. It's usually subtle, but it's enough to make a difference. Marble does that too - it allows some light to get into the subject of the sculpture and then bounce out, as well as allows a little light to pass completely through very thin layers. So sculptors use that property in very skillfully shaped areas and carefully composed thin sections like peaked ridges that "drape" over the features underneath. This allow light to bounce around and shine through so the result looks just like a veil does. Look at your sculpture and imagine if it was made out of metal, and you can then see the massive difference that marble makes.


Question: How do they know the time of the sunrise/sunset, chance of rain/snow/sun, percentages, the UV-INDEKS, etc. Anything weather related. How?!

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do they know the time of the sunrise/sunset, chance of rain/snow/sun, percentages, the UV-INDEKS, etc. Anything weather related. How?!

The earth rotates in a very consistent manner. We can determine the time of sunrise and sunset very accurately for any date far into the past and future.


Question: Why do fish oil pills have to be so big?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do fish oil pills have to be so big?

The reason that people buy fish oil pills is for its omega-3 content, and specifically its EPA and DHA content. But fish oil is only about 25% omega-3, and of that only about half is EPA and DHA. That means that only about 1/8 of the fish oil is the stuff that people are actually buying the pills for. To make matter worse, fish oil pills cause stomach problems in most people and also cause a condition called "fish burps" - which causes people to have smelly, foul tasting burps for an hour or two after taking the pills. Its possible to prevent both of those problems, but the pills need to be given a coating that prevents the pills from dissolving until after they've left your stomach. That coating takes up a significant amount of space in the pill. This means that as you make a fish oil pill smaller a greater percentage of the pill ends up consisting of coating, rather than the actual fish oil. IE, you can't just take one 1000 mg fish oil pill and turn it into two 500 mg pills because the amount of coating on each of those two smaller pills has to remain the same as the larger, single pill. So fish oil pill manufacturers have to give you a huge dose of fish oil in order for you to get a meaningful amount of omega-3. The easiest way to do that is by making two huge pills. If they made more pills with the same omega-3 dose it would require 5 or 6 smaller pills (or possibly more), which is more than most people are willing to take. There are omega-3 pills that are more reasonably sized. The reason that they are more reasonably sized is because they either source the omega 3 from algae (which doesn't cause stomach problems or fish burps, and so doesn't need the anti-dissolve coating) or they've separated the DHA and EPA out of the fish oil so that those are the only things that the pill contains. Making an omega-3 pill using either of those methods is about 3-4 times as expensive as just using straight fish oil, but that's why there is such a disparity in terms of omega-3 pill cost.


Question: What does black grease under the eyes actually do for football players?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does black grease under the eyes actually do for football players?

Black things are black because they absorb the most light, meaning they reflect the least light. Football players need to be able to see what they are doing, and light bouncing off their cheeks and into their eyes can make it harder to see. Putting black paint or stickers under the eyes reduces the amount of light bouncing into their eyes


Question: How come when you encountered a new word in like your entire lifetime, you’ll encounter that same word more frequently in the following days?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come when you encountered a new word in like your entire lifetime, you’ll encounter that same word more frequently in the following days?

This is a type of mistake your brain makes called "cognitive illusion". The exact mistake is called the "Baader-Meinhof" phenomenon. The idea is that after you learn something new, it's fresh in your mind - and because of that, your mind looks for it and notices it more than before you learned about it. But then you think it's actually because it's happening more, and that's why it's a bias: something's changed in your brain (you've learned something), but you perceive it as a change in the world by mistake.


Question: How do underwater matches maintain their burn?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do underwater matches maintain their burn?

They use a combustion that creates it's own oxygen. The only thing that puzzles me is how they can maintain there burn under the pressure of the water. The logical explanation would be that the oxygen, the burn creates, pushes the water outward. So it creates a steady air bubble around the flame. Dont take my word for it though. I am just trying to think logical.


Question: Why is the Badminton shuttlecock the fastest object in sports?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the Badminton shuttlecock the fastest object in sports?

Because it’s so light. Force = Mass * Acceleration. So when you Have something with very little mass, it takes way less energy/force to make that thing go really fast. So the swing of a badminton racket is enough to get it going real fast. Then, because it’s so light, it slows down really quickly due to the friction with the air, which is why even going so fast they don’t go super far.


Question: How can some morbidly obese people on bad diets avoid atherosclerosis for decades and some seemingly fit people succumb to it (through heart attack etc)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can some morbidly obese people on bad diets avoid atherosclerosis for decades and some seemingly fit people succumb to it (through heart attack etc)?

Genetics is still not fully understood, but essentially each of us has a natural state (epigenetics) as well as genes which can be switched on and off, for example, through exercise. An obese person may be existing on their 'natural' state (i.e. doing exactly what their genetics dictate) by being obese - hence why diet and excercie legitimately dont work effectively for some people. Alternatively, someone who experiences heart disease may also be following their genetic coding. That's without taking into account external factors, an obese person may actual not stress their body as much as someone who exercises vigourously, as unhealthy as they feel and are. Hopefully someone with a bit more expertise can either support or clarify this, I hope my basic understanding isn't coming across as bro-science.


Question: How did chemists in the past discover and collect gaseous elements such as helium?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did chemists in the past discover and collect gaseous elements such as helium?

Helium was discoed by observing light from the sun the name is from Helios the Greek word for the sun. Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. Different atoms and molecules releases and absorb light of different colors. Neon for example release a distinct red light when you excite it with electricity and that's why neon light have the colors they have. If you shine white light trough neon gas it will absorb the same red color so if you spit the light with a prism you will have dark line in the red part where neon have absorbed the light. There is multiple color that neon absorbent to a larger os smaller degree. The same it true for all elements. The colors of fire works is because of the emission colors of metal salts you add to the gunpowder. Yellow is produce by adding Sodium and old sodium lights that is common for streets light also release the distinct yellow color So if you test what color of light the atoms you know about absorb and write them down you can use that information to identify a gas. When it was done with sunlight We saw the line we identified the line Hydrogen has but we also found line that matched no element we had found on earth and called it Helium. The line of helium look like [Helium\_spectrum]( URL_0 ) where the bright line is what color helium emit/absorb The observation of sunlight was a decade the gas was fires observer on earth from release during a volcanic eruption and almost 30 years before the element was isolated on earth. This was done by dissolving a type of uranium or in a acid. Helium is produce by radioactive decay of uranium.


Question: How come a phone call still sounds kinda crispy in 2019? Isn’t there a better alternative

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come a phone call still sounds kinda crispy in 2019? Isn’t there a better alternative

Yes. They could easily make cellular calls as clear as a really good (heh) Skype or other VOIP connections. But there's a few things. Back when cell phones were starting to go digital there were still bandwidth (Im gonna skip over multiplexing and channels and stuff) issues - in order to ensure the infant cell infrastructure could cope with spikes in traffic and make sure everyone could get a call through under most normal circumstances, they kept the amount of traffic per call down to a minimum. Thus, voice was digitized fairly crudely - think like really low quality mp3. I mean, the land line quality was only so good, and wireless is WIRELESS OMG, that's bonus enough, why make the voice quality _better_ than a landline - particularly when the other end of the call was likely going to be a landline anyway... so even if the cell side was higher quality the overall quality of the call was going to be limited by the landline side. Of course as Wireless AND landline connections went fully digital and bandwidth skyrocketed, and still-bad-but-not-horrible digitization rates still provided "good enough" quality but still had amazing compression.... and people weren't complaining... why switch to higher sampling? A few cell companies did experiment with higher sampling rates and the calls were VOIP like crystal clear... but people didn't like it. It felt weird. Like watching The Hobbit in 48 fps vs. regular movie 24 fps... its too clear, too good. And with voice comms, it just needs to be clear enough to be understood. To provide anything better would require all subscriber/terminal devices (the phones) and ALL infrastructure to support it.... and people simply haven't been demanding it. Lastly, unless its changed recently, the channels and frequencies used by voice calls and text msgs are a lot lower than those used for wireless data; lower frequencies travel further and penetrate buildings/concrete better. So you can still get a text message or a voice call sometimes when your data connection is highly attenuated. You _could_ use a high clarity VOIP call on your cell, but you'd be restricted to where your data connection is great.


Question: Why do galaxies form into relatively flat discs, rather than spheres?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do galaxies form into relatively flat discs, rather than spheres?

I've Seen this question on here before. Basically it's like spinning pizza dough. As the galaxy turns it flattens and expands.


Question: Why do our bodies/ every living things body need water to survive?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do our bodies/ every living things body need water to survive?

Virtually all the chemical reactions in our bodies happen "in solution"...the chemicals are dissolved, or at least free floating, in a fluid. For humans (and all other forms of life we know about), that fluid is water. Water is what lets the molecules that "make us go" move around and interact with each other. Without water we're a pile of non-reacting chemicals. Try baking a cake without the wet ingredients and you kind of get the idea. We lose water to our environment constantly, since we're way wetter than our surroundings and we use some of it to carry waste out of our bodies, so we have to keep replacing it or we shut down and die.


Question: How is monetary inflation sustainable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is monetary inflation sustainable?

Well, as time goes on, larger units become more prevalent and smaller units become less useful. The penny, once sufficient on its own to buy products, has since become more of an annoyance. Larger bills, like twenties and even hundreds, find themselves being used more frequently. We will eventually need to print larger bills, but that is a ways off.


Question: Why do flies always want to fly around me when they have the whole house/world to fly in? Are flies attracted to humans in some way?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do flies always want to fly around me when they have the whole house/world to fly in? Are flies attracted to humans in some way?

Flies are actually quite a diverse group. Different types are attracted to rot and decay, some to sugar, some to both, and to many more things. So it kinda depends on the fly. But most flies are attracted to light, and there's generally the most light where you are. Many are attracted to heat and carbon dioxide, both of which humans produce regularly and hands in a cloud around them. And sometimes salt or oils, which the human skin tends to produce. So there are many things about the human body that a wide range of flies like to be around


Question: How are lunar eclipses and nights different?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are lunar eclipses and nights different?

The two aren't comparable. Night time (defined as "it's dark out") is a term we apply to the side of the earth currently facing away from the sun and thus is getting minimal, if any, direct sunlight. This has nothing to do with the moon. Lunar Eclipse is when the moon while orbiting the earth passes in to the shadow of the earth, i.e the sun can't illuminate the moon because the earth is in the way. This is different to a new moon in that the moon isn't in the shadow of the earth when there is a new moon, but that the side of the moon we're facing is facing away from the sun. The moon *is* illuminated by the sun, but the illuminated side is on the others side and we can't see it: we're essentially looking at the part of the moon where it's currently "night".


Question: How did the color green become associated with being correct, while the color red became associated with being wrong?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did the color green become associated with being correct, while the color red became associated with being wrong?

Simple ELI5 answer - **Red Color** has been psychologically associated to danger. Fire and Blood are some of the things that might have triggered this response to red. Also, red light is least scattered and can be seen from really long distances. So, they were used both for danger and stop signals. **Green Color** is the color of nature. It symbolizes growth, harmony, freshness, and fertility. Green has strong emotional correspondence with safety. Dark green is also commonly associated with money. Green has great healing power. It is the most restful color for the human eye; it can improve vision. Here is a great read which includes more colors - URL_0


Question: What is the difference between sanitize, deodorize, and disinfect?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between sanitize, deodorize, and disinfect?

Deodorize specifically means removing odors (smells), sanitize means clean and disinfect means clean but specifically in regard to removing microbes


Question: How does the purple in glue sticks disappear?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the purple in glue sticks disappear?

Standard Elmer's Glue is white and turns clear when it tries. That is because it is made out of polyvinyl acetate floating in water. PVA has a different index of refraction than water. That means that any light that enters into it ends up getting stuck and bouncing back like a guy trying to walk through a mosh pit at a crowded concert. Since the water doesn't absorb much light, eventually almost all the light bounces out, which makes the glue look white. Once the glue dries out, the water is gone. That means all that is left is the polyvinyl acetate clumped together. The light doesn't get stuck because the whole mass has one index of refraction. So it shines right through, which makes the glue look clear. Purple glue sticks work similarly except that when light enters into the stick, almost all the wavelengths of light are absorbed by stuff in the glue. The only wavelength of light that ends up bouncing out is purple, which makes the stick look purple. URL_0


Question: Why are we able to look at the sun during sunrise and sunset, but not during the day?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are we able to look at the sun during sunrise and sunset, but not during the day?

**You should absolutely not be looking directly at the sun. Ever. Not during the day, nor during sunrise or sunset.** It's less *painful* to do so during those times because clearly you're getting less direct light at the time so the sun appears less bright. This is pretty straightforward, really, but I'm leaving this post up just in case that warning at the top is actually needed.


Question: Why does sunlight through a window still bring warmth even if outside is freezing tempuratures? Why isn't the outside temperature more affected by the sun's heat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does sunlight through a window still bring warmth even if outside is freezing tempuratures? Why isn't the outside temperature more affected by the sun's heat?

The Earth loses heat about as fast as it gains it. (That's why the temperature doesn't go from "this is okay" to "I'm sure there was an ocean there the other day, why is it all steam now?" Or from "I can breathe" to "I'm swimming in liquid oxygen, send help.") In winter, the sun isn't visible for as much of the day, so your neck of the woods isn't getting as much incoming heat. But it's still losing heat as fast as normal. That's why it gets cold. You're inside a house that was designed to keep heat in. It's also got windows. They're designed to slow down heat from flowing through them using conduction. But they let heat come through in the form of light. So the sun heats the area under the window just as well as it heats the outside, and your house keeps that heat from leaving.


Question: Why you can't divide a number by Zero?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why you can't divide a number by Zero?

Division is the inverse of multiplication. When you're asking "what's 8/2?", what you're *really* asking is "what number do I need to multiply with 2 to give 8?" The answer is 4 because 2\*4 = 8. Now try that with 0. Consider 8/0 -- which number multiplied by 0 gives 8? There literally is no answer, as something multiplied with 0 is always 0.


Question: How can scientist determine what things are made of on different planets or moons?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can scientist determine what things are made of on different planets or moons?

imagine you drop a ball. ball 1 hits wood, ball 2 hits carpet, ball 3 hits metal. you'll notice when you do this, each ball bounces to a different height. If you couldnt see the floor but only know the height the ball bounces you could reasonably guess what kind of floor it hit. Now instead of a ball, they use light. We know how light bounces off different elements and using that, we can tell whats there.