Question: If heat sanitises, why can getting a burn cause an infection?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If heat sanitises, why can getting a burn cause an infection?

Burning leads to an open wound. Your skin protects you from nasty things entering through your flesh, so if it's burned off it can no longer protect you.


Question: What does it mean when people talk about balancing a chequebook?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean when people talk about balancing a chequebook?

Online banking sites keep track of all your spending and all you income in the Debit, Credit, Balance columns they show you on screen. Back in the day you needed to do all that by hand, because you wouldn’t know what you credit card looked like until you got the bill otherwise. Additionally, the online systems only can tell you what they know. So if you write a check for the few places that require one, your bank won’t know it right away and therefore give you the wrong accounts balance. Then they could charge you a fee for overdraft. Overdraft fees are a big source of income for banks.


Question: why people in movies and cops shoot their guns "sideways"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why people in movies and cops shoot their guns "sideways"?

It's purely for dramatic effect and is generally a way of showing that they don't respect the weapon and how it works. It's a good way for things to go wrong. This is referenced brilliantly in many movies and TV shows including Kick-Ass 2 and Person of Interest (which has it in the first episode and then isn't referenced again for many seasons in a brilliant piece of callback humour).


Question: Why do we have the urge to constantly touch a bruise or a wound that hurts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we have the urge to constantly touch a bruise or a wound that hurts?

It’s not so much the pain of a wound, but the brain’s response to pain going away that makes you want to touch an injury. When you touch a bruise or similar minor injury, it hurts for a moment. The pain subsiding causes the brain to release a stimulus of pleasure because the pain is subsiding. It’s that release of pleasure that somewhat tempts you to touch it more.


Question: Why do some rivers create the Grand Canyon and others barely cause any erosion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some rivers create the Grand Canyon and others barely cause any erosion?

It's interesting because at first glance you might think it's all about age: maybe it's because the Grand Canyon is super old and the other rivers aren't as old, right? Seems reasonable. Interestingly enough though, the Colorado River is fairly young. Estimates put it at around 3-5 million years old which is but a fraction of the estimated age of the Missippi River (~40 million years old). If it was just age then the Missippi would have carved a giant canyon by now, right? But there are other factors at play. Hopefully, an actual geologist shows up to answer your question in more detail but barring that here you go in the meantime. What makes the Grand Canyon unique among rivers in North America (to be clear there are some huge canyons in other places in the world like the Yarlung Zangbo in Tibet) is that not only was there a meandering and relatively slow-moving river to start with that began carving through the stone in the area, but that area also began to rise over the years thanks to tectonic activity. The whole section literally got pushed up by the Earth's tectonic movements. Imagine you're cutting into a tree slowly, trying to carve it into a fork, and it's also growing upwards as you're slowly cutting. When you're finally done cutting the thing, the "fork" you've made will be so much deeper than it otherwise would have been if you'd just been sawing at a log because the tree was rising up as you were slowly sawing through it. That tectonic activity also pushed up the Rockies, which became a high point for the river and a collection point for snow and water shed. So as time went on the Rockies dumped huge amounts of water down into the Colorado River which rapidly accelerated the "cutting" of the rock. It was like switching from a small pruning saw to a chainsaw, geologically speaking. If you've ever been to the tail end of the Colorado River *today* it seems pretty underwhelming. The river has been tapped so many times along the flow to provide for irrigation, it is just this sad trickle. Most of the year it doesn't even flow enough at the end to even rush into the ocean anymore. But man, back in the day it was *insane*. Even as recently as the 19th century before the river was tapped by multiple irrigation projects the spring melt runoff was unbelievable. Accounts from early explorers and settlers that lived in the area described it as this thunderous flow that blew out the end of the river into the ocean like a sea emptying in some biblical way. It wasn't some little increase in a barely-trickle flow, it was like a dam had broken up in the mountains. We're talking at a peak flood discharge in the late 19th century the river was recorded discharging almost 400,000 cubic feet *per second* into the Gulf of California. There are 88,000 cubic feet of water in an Olympic-sized swimming pool. So during the spring/summer runoff, the river was dumping the equivalent of 4-5 Olympic pools worth of water into the Gulf *per second*. You can imagine that flow every spring over millions of years carved *a lot* of rock.


Question: What is insolvency and what affect does it have on you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is insolvency and what affect does it have on you?

Insolvency typically is used in the context of financial insolvency, which means that while you might own things of value they are not available for exchange. For example you might own a bunch of valuable materials, equipment, intellectual property, etc... but lack *cash* which you can spend today. For a company this is a particularly relevant problem because it can prevent their daily operations from taking place and result in significant losses. As for "what effect it has on you" that is far too broad a question to really answer. I imagine it would be stressful and probably would require someone to take out a loan in order to operate on the short term while they liquidate assets.


Question: How can DJs jump around on stage without their records skipping?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can DJs jump around on stage without their records skipping?

Former club DJ so I can speak to this. While not nearly as many DJs still use vinyl as they used to, some still do, and prior to the invention of CDJs and serato, they all did. Proper nightlclubs and venues would go to great lengths to isolate acoustic vibrations from the DJ booth. Some would suspend the entire assembly from the ceiling with suspension systems. Others would have the booth structurally separate from the rest of the building, sitting on a thick rubber base over a concrete foundation within the building. Essentially, it was a column within the building that was structurally separate. The turntables that DJs use (almost universally the Technics SL1200 series) were made with club use in mind. They have sturdy tonearms with good tracking, and thick rubber bases with rubber feet to absorb shocks. DJs also tend to use needles made to have extremely good tracking. For more ad-hoc locations like warehouses or lofts, DJs often bring their own makeshift materials for isolation, like mattresses, rubber or foam pads, and cinder blocks. I've even seen DJs put cut tennis balls on the feet of their turntables.


Question: How is π (3.141) equal to 180° in radians ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is π (3.141) equal to 180° in radians ?

Because a radian is **defined** as being 360° divided by 2π. We didn't "discover" that's what it was, we made it so that it was so.


Question: what happens to radio frequency waves after they have passed? (When you listen to a radio where does the sound go once it’s passed)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what happens to radio frequency waves after they have passed? (When you listen to a radio where does the sound go once it’s passed)

Some fraction of the wave hits your antenna, is absorbed and turned into electricity, and the electricity is turned into sound by your speakers. The part that doesn't interact with your antenna just keeps on going until it eventually spreads out so much that it's indistinguishable from background radiation.


Question: do freud’s psychosexual theories hold water ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 do freud’s psychosexual theories hold water ?

The problem with Freudian psychoanalysis is that it’s not compatible with the scientific method. His theories were based primarily on case study analyses which are scientifically not very rigorous, as the conclusions are almost entirely based on clinician interpretation. So the short answer is no, not really. But I’m admittedly a little biased.


Question: what makes a housing bubble collapse so bad for the "everyday person"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what makes a housing bubble collapse so bad for the "everyday person"?

Well, each situation is different, but lets look at the "Great Recession" in 2008. What triggered that housing bubble and collapse was mortgage companies coming up with inventive ways to get people who couldn't normally qualify to buy a house approved. This caused more people than normal to be buying houses. This causes housing prices to skyrocket creating the bubble. What the banks thought was, well, if they end up not being able to make the payments, the housing market is doing great, they can just sell the house and get out of the mortgage they can't afford right? Sure, all well and good. Until a huge number of those under qualified borrowers all tried doing that at the same time. Now, there are way more houses on the market with borrowers who can't pay their mortgages, and they can't sell their houses because of how many of them are on the market. So the prices go down. So now, borrowers just stop making payments and walk away from these houses they can't afford to pay on, and go back to renting. Then, the banks get stuck with all these unsold houses that they also can't sell because the market has collapsed. This causes banks to go into "save my butt" mode and stop giving out loans to anybody but the highest of qualified people. So now, even people who normally would qualify and would normally be able to afford the payments, can't. Also, small businesses who need loans to help expand and stuff, can't get loans, because the banks are broke. Eventually, this leads to several banks going under (like Washington Mutual) and bailouts by the federal government. All this means that the common person can't get loans for anything, money is tight, people lose their jobs, etc, etc. Hence, its bad for the every day person.


Question: How come a six mile asteroid was able to wipe out the dinosaurs? The earth is 7,900 miles in diameter, were the dinosaurs all in one small area? How did the earth change because of the impact?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come a six mile asteroid was able to wipe out the dinosaurs? The earth is 7,900 miles in diameter, were the dinosaurs all in one small area? How did the earth change because of the impact?

6 miles is the low-end estimate; it could have been several times larger. But even a 6-mile object going many miles per second releases more energy than 10 billion Hiroshima bombs (the standard unit of disaster energy). Now the earth, a huge planet floating through space, was barely scratched; we didn't even know about the hit until not many years ago. But an explosion that big makes throws a massive amount of dust into the atmosphere that takes years to clear up. Imagine years of not enough light for plants to grow and it being extremely cold as well, and that's world-wide.


Question: How can the dollar be "too" strong and how does it negatively impact the U.S?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can the dollar be "too" strong and how does it negatively impact the U.S?

Let's pretend there's only three currencies: The American dollar, British pound, and the euro in the European Union. At different times, each one can be stronger or weaker than another. This month, the dollar is strong, the pound is weak, and the euro is weaker. While I'm an American, I like British suits, so I shop online at a fine British clothesmaker. I find one that reliably sells for 1000 pounds. If the dollar is weak against the pound, that might mean I have to pay $1800. If the dollar is strong against the pound, maybe I only pay $900. I'm happy with a strong dollar. Then, I go to my job at a factory that makes aircraft. While the UK has traditionally imported a lot of planes from us, the strong dollar means our planes are more expensive for them. British airlines start buying from European manufacturers instead, because their money goes further when they're buying in euros. The factory can't afford to employ me, so I lose my job. (Sure wish I hadn't blown all that money on suits.) My friend who works in Times Square is hurting, too, because none of the British and European tourists are visiting our country. Basically, that's the trade-off. A weak dollar means people buy more of our stuff, but their stuff is expensive. A strong dollar means their stuff is cheap, but they buy less of our stuff. A very strong dollar hurts businesses that depend on foreign sales.


Question: How can we witness a galaxy's death as it's happening when the galaxy is 9 billion light years away?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can we witness a galaxy's death as it's happening when the galaxy is 9 billion light years away?

We can't. We're witnessing it 9 billion years later. It takes 9 billion year for the visual of that galaxy's death to reach us. What you see when you see a galaxy dying is the image of what happened eons ago. Funnily enough, it mean that a dead galaxy still impact many other billion years after its death.


Question: What advantages do jet fuel (particularly "Jet A") offer over auto fuel like unleaded, diesel, etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What advantages do jet fuel (particularly "Jet A") offer over auto fuel like unleaded, diesel, etc?

Jet fuel has higher energy density than gasoline. It also is less easy to ignite than gasoline. This poor ignitability is not a problem when the fuel is used in turbines, and gives a considerable safety advantage over gasoline, especially in military planes. Finally, jet fuel is cheaper as it is largely kerosene based and kerosene makes up a rather large fraction of crude oil. When you measure your fuel load in tons a few cents per liter makes a difference.


Question: Why do some spots on concrete appear to not get wet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some spots on concrete appear to not get wet?

I like to keep my own car clean, so I wash it fairly often (Maybe twice a month, depending on how dirty it gets). I typically use soaps that have waxes in them to help maintain the primary coat of wax that I put on a few times a year. I also maintain a healthy coat of tire shine on the tires. What I've noticed over the many years of doing this is that I can see evidence of where I wash my car on my drive way when it rains. This is almost certainly due to the hydrophobic properties (Meaning it repels water) of the tire shine and car wash soap that I use. & #x200B; TLDR; It's your car soap that is likely causing this.


Question: How exactly does cancer kill you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly does cancer kill you?

I'm pretty sure that a faulty cell gets duplicated, until you end up with a big clump of dead cells that fuck up your organs/etc by blocking and obstructing them. that's how tumors work anyway


Question: -How can lava exist underwater?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 -How can lava exist underwater?

It's very hot. Of course the water around it will "try" to cool it down, but it will almost immediately vaporize, and leave the lava as liquid as it would be in air. Eventually it will cool down, but that process takes a lot of time.


Question: Why do some medications recommend that you take them along with or after a meal? Are there any side effects to not eating while taking them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some medications recommend that you take them along with or after a meal? Are there any side effects to not eating while taking them?

It varies by medication but for some, the meal helps absorption be getting your body headed towards digesting the food also digests the pill or medication. Other times the medication can be harsh on your body, the food dilutes it down so it's not as harsh. Some medications can also risk causing ulcers and stuff, so food helps like the stomach to prevent it. Severity and necessity can vary. I don't think you'd die from it but I'm no doctor. I'd suggest trusting your pharmacist/doctor over Internet strangers.


Question: If an American citizen shot a Mexican citizen from across the border fence, what would happen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If an American citizen shot a Mexican citizen from across the border fence, what would happen?

It's not an act of war if a private citizen kill another private citizen, regardless of where. It is a crime, and the criminal will be tried where they were at the time of doing it, regardless of the victim being over the border. The definition of "murder" in the USA requires no reference to the location of the victim.


Question: Why has the price and amount of RAM on computers stagnated over the years compared to the price and sizes of SSD drives and other components?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why has the price and amount of RAM on computers stagnated over the years compared to the price and sizes of SSD drives and other components?

If hasn't. Two years ago RAM was almost twice as expensive as now. The amount of RAM in pre-built systems isn't affected by that. They won't magically put more RAM in the system only because it's cheaper.


Question: Why does the value of a property increase as it gets older?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the value of a property increase as it gets older?

The value doesn't always increase. It has to do with the condition the property is in, the value of the area/city/neighborhood changing, as well as other aspects.


Question: How is the steam of boiling water hotter than the boiling water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the steam of boiling water hotter than the boiling water?

The temperature is the same but the steam has more energy per unit mass than the liquid water. When liquid boiling water comes into contact with something colder (like your hand) it changes temperature according to its heat capacity (4.18 J/g*C). When steam comes in contact with something colder it has to condense from gas to liquid first, which requires much greater energy transfer (2260 J/g).


Question: What happens if you turn a computer off while it says not to turn it off?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens if you turn a computer off while it says not to turn it off?

Updates often have changes for operating system files. If the PC should lose power, some files may only be partially saved, causing system corruption, and potentially destroying the software. In such a situation, your only option may be to completely wipe the hard drive (losing all your saved information) and reinstalling the entire operating system completely. Do yourself a favor and let the thing do the thing.


Question: Why does everyonw say you need a surplus of calories to gain muscle?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does everyonw say you need a surplus of calories to gain muscle?

The maths is that building muscle requires calories, like any other process in your body. A low carb diet is somewhat irrelevant, you are still getting sufficient calories. High protein diets are better for muscle growth than high carb anyway. The reason why it is a good idea to eat more - especially proteins - post workout is because of an amino acid called leucine. This is the "switch" that lets the body build muscles. You can't synthesise it, you have to get it from meat, fish, dairy, beans or tofu. It's also something that gets depleted post-workout. So if you workout and don't eat afterwards, you will build muscles more slowly than you would do otherwise. You will still build muscle, in the same way if you put a pan of water on half heat it will still boil. But you are not giving your body the tools to build the optimum amount it can do naturally. Obviously if you starve yourself you will not build muscle and eventually your body will cannibalise the muscles you have. This is most evidence in anorexics, who often do excessive amounts of exercise but have severe muscle wasting.


Question: how does putting an “x” of tape on glass protect it from breaking?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does putting an “x” of tape on glass protect it from breaking?

It doesn't protect it. It's there in case you break the glass. In theory, the tape will hold the broken pieces together, making it easier to dispose of (and, again in theory, safer for you)


Question: How can we push things with our muscles if muscle fibers can only contract and pull?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can we push things with our muscles if muscle fibers can only contract and pull?

We use levers! The muscle pulls one one end of a bone, and the bone rotates, pushing on the object. For instance, look at what muscles contract when you push on a wall. For instance, the triceps. They pull on the outside of your elbow, using the joint as a fulcrum.


Question: A full day is approx 23 hours 56 minutes rather than 24 hours. This is why we have leap years. But why doesn’t that gradual daily 4 minute shift not cause our daylight hours to shift?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 A full day is approx 23 hours 56 minutes rather than 24 hours. This is why we have leap years. But why doesn’t that gradual daily 4 minute shift not cause our daylight hours to shift?

Firstly this have nothing to do with leap years. What you are citing is not the length of a full day but rather the length of a full rotation of the Earth. You are right that a 4 minute daily time shift would be an hour in 15 days, 2 hours in a month and 24 hours in a year. But by that time the Earth have rotated around the Sun once and you have gained another day. This makes up for the missing 4 minutes a day. If you were to observe the sky and look at a distant star then it would appear in the same location approximately every 23 hour and 56 minutes. However because the Earth is constantly moving around the Sun it shows up 4 minute late every day compared to all the other stars. And thus you have 24 hours in a day even though the Earth rotates 4 minutes faster.


Question: Why fresh fruit producers are using eye-catching design for wholesale boxes which the typical buyer will never see?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why fresh fruit producers are using eye-catching design for wholesale boxes which the typical buyer will never see?

It is cheap to do. The boxes need some paint for weather resistance and the box manufacturer have set up all their equipment to paint patterns so the price is the same for boxes with and without a pattern. And then some shops stack the wholesale boxes on the floor where customers will see them. It also helps out workers as it is harder to miss brightly colored boxes and they will often instinctively stack these first as well.


Question: How do radios work? What are radio waves and radio signals? What are radio frequencies? And how do antennas work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do radios work? What are radio waves and radio signals? What are radio frequencies? And how do antennas work?

Radio waves are a subset of electromagnetic waves, a form of energy. Since your other question implies that you are an 11-grader, you should at least know about the electric and magnetic fields (if you don't, we'll explain). They are actually two "sides" of a single electromagnetic field and changing one of the fields produces another field (i.e. a change in the electric field produces the magnetic field and vise versa). This way, a disturbance in one point produces a "wave" where electric and magnetic field alternate between each other. This wave spreads out in all directions at the speed of light because a disturbance in one point affects all neighboring points. This wave can be described using its power (i.e. how strong the fields get) and frequency (i.e. how fast they alternate). If you divide the speed of the wave by its frequency, you will get its wavelength (i.e. distance between "peaks" of one field as the wave spreads in space) Visible light is an electromagnetic wave as well. A lot of [other rays]( URL_1 ) are electromagnetic waves as well. Radio waves are the longest of them all. Radio frequency is the average frequency of the wave used to transmit the radio signal (for radio stations 1 FM = 1 MHz or one million oscillations per second). To encode signals in the wave, they use [the process called modulation]( URL_0 ) where the wave is adjusted to represent parts of a signal (such as sound wave). Radio stations use frequency modulation (thus the name FM) where they adjust the wavelength. Amplitude modulation (where the power of the wave is adjusted) can be used as well. Antennas are basically pieces of conducting metal. When an electromagnetic wave hits the antenna, it causes an electric current to appear in it (this is called induction). This current can then be picked up by the device and decoded into the signal.


Question: How do the new prosthetics work where people can seemingly control their new limbs with just their mind?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do the new prosthetics work where people can seemingly control their new limbs with just their mind?

It begins with a special operations surgery where the bone is removed but the muscles are left intact. This is so sensors in the limb can pick on impulses sent to your muscles from Your brain. Most amputations aren’t preformed this way, however in the unlikely yet extremely lucky chance you are fortunate to lose a limb in a way that allows for the muscles to remain relatively intact, you can have a bionic limb that feeds back with tactile sensitivity and seem less control.


Question: How does computer compression and decompression work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does computer compression and decompression work?

"The car is the best car in the world" X=the Y=car "X y is x best y in x world" Now imagine that in binary.


Question: Why do some inks appear to have a different colour when seen from a certain light angle?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some inks appear to have a different colour when seen from a certain light angle?

Let's first go over how light works; **Light** is a ray of energy that travels very fast and reflects off of everything! It's like a whole bunch of super tiny bouncy balls moving around everything that never lose their bounce! What's even cooler; our eyes are made to turn light into images that we can see! Our eyes are constantly taking in light signals, and our brains are turning these light signals into images for us to see! This way, we are able to know everything around us using our sight! That's why when there isn't any light source around, all we can see is black! Because when there's no light, there's no light source for our eyes to process! Now, not every light signal is the same! Some light rays has LOTS of energy! Others, not so much... So how do our eyes deal with these different types of energy? *By turning these light signals into* **colors**! Our eyes are able to see every different every object as having a certain color because of the amount of light energy coming off of it! #Now, here comes the explanation to your question When it comes to your ink, you're able to see it as blue from one angle. But from a different angle, you see it as red. **So why is this happening?** [Take a look at the prism in this link!]( URL_0 ) Even though the light rays of the same energy are shooting towards the prism from the left, with so many directions for the light to travel, the light rays separate and change their energies depending on how far the light has to travel through the prism. **So when it comes to your ink, just like a prism, the light from the ink is coming at your eyes with a different energy that is then processed by your eye as a different color!**


Question: How do ANTS always get into my sealed sugar pot?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do ANTS always get into my sealed sugar pot?

Either it's not tightly closed, or you poured the sugar into the pot from a bag that was already infested.


Question: Why is it that lots of smaller files take longer to copy than a smaller amount of large files?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that lots of smaller files take longer to copy than a smaller amount of large files?

There is more to copying a file than just copying its content. The file system keeps a book of all of the files on the drive so this book must updated. If the book is indexed, there is an additional computatipn to calculate the new files index. If you have 1000 4kb files all of this has to be done 1000 times. IRL, if you have paper full of text, and you have the same text on 10 smaller pieces of paper, you can manage the first one faster


Question: If neutrinos have no charge and are basically massless, how are neutrino detectors even able to detect them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If neutrinos have no charge and are basically massless, how are neutrino detectors even able to detect them?

You put as much matter as you possibly can in the way of the neutrino, and isolate that matter from every other kind of interaction. For example, [Super Kamiokande]( URL_0 ), one of the biggest detectors, is a giant underground pool of water. Other materials are used, but they are pretty much all underground to isolate them from cosmic rays. Neutrinos passing through very, very rarely will interact with an electron or nucleus and kick it enough to emit some light, which extremely sensitive detectors on the wall pick up. Other mechanisms than this are used - sometimes neutrinos can promote changes from one type of atom to another - but in all cases the effect is tiny and we must isolate our system as much as possible to get accurate detection.


Question: What is Pi exactly and how it came into existence?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Pi exactly and how it came into existence?

Pi is the ancient Greek "P" letter. A lot of mathematical and physics symbols use letters from ancient Greek as there is not enough letters in the Latin alphabet to avoid confusion. Pi stands for "perimeter" as it is the ratio of the perimeter of a circle to its diameter. The Latin letter p is usually used to denote a prime number so the Greek Pi was often used for perimeter.


Question: Why is it harder to cook rice or pasta on higher altitudes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it harder to cook rice or pasta on higher altitudes?

It’s not harder per se but since altitude is higher, air pressure is lower, and thus water boils at a lower temperature, this must be taken into account with regards to water evaporation and cook time.


Question: Why is sweat colourless and not yellow like urine?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is sweat colourless and not yellow like urine?

Urine's yellow color is attributed to an organic molecule called Urubilin whereas sweat does not contain this molecule.


Question: Why is the sonic boom loud ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the sonic boom loud ?

Because it is air rapidly smashing together to fill a void caused by whatever broke the sound barrier. Its the same way thunder works. The air crashes together and causes huge vibrations, which your body interprets as noise.


Question: why is it some food taste better the next day, compared to when it was fresh?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is it some food taste better the next day, compared to when it was fresh?

Some chemical reactions continue. Proteins will continue to break down and create more umami taste.


Question: How do anime companies win profit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do anime companies win profit?

I believe Japan still relies heavily on physical sales for their revenue. So the cleanest way to support a Japanese anime is, unfortunately, to actually purchase the DVDs. There may be officially licensed sites but they could be hard to find or access. Generally if the site you are going to is "mainstream" like Viki, Cartoon Network, Netflix etc, they pay a royalty or license fee to the anime production company for the right to stream their anime. Any site that appears unlicensed probably pays the production company nothing - essentially it is pirated content.


Question: What happens with your body when you get chills from hearing someone sing well?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens with your body when you get chills from hearing someone sing well?

Scientists believe that this happens to about 50% of people. They have studied it in music listeners and theorize that it is linked to being "surprised" by an unexpected change in the music. Like during a really cool "part" of the music. Brain scans show that different areas of the brain light up brighter in people who feel this while it is happening.


Question: Why does water have no 'taste' when it's chilled but when it is room temperature it can have odd flavours?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does water have no 'taste' when it's chilled but when it is room temperature it can have odd flavours?

It's just a case of cold numbing your sense of taste, so that what is still there at low temperatures, is only strongly sensed at warmer temps. You'll find that it's harder to taste *anything* when it's cold... that goes for dissolved stuff in water too.


Question: What is the problem right now with voting by mail for US election? Also, will voting 'in person' be an option this year?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the problem right now with voting by mail for US election? Also, will voting 'in person' be an option this year?

The mail service is being slowed down by it's new leadership, possibly (probably) politically motivated. This means people who are going to vote by mail might not receive ballots on time, or might not have them turned in on time to be counted. In person voting rules vary from state to state. Some states require in person, other aren't allowing it this year at all. Most allow mail in, to some degree. Most people can avoid the whole Post office crisis by just voting early, which is allowed in most places.


Question: If I bought a stock at $.50/share and it's now $50/share, what percent did it increase?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If I bought a stock at $.50/share and it's now $50/share, what percent did it increase?

You bought it at 0,50, and it's at 50, which means it has increased by 49,5. Much like if it had doubled you would say it's a 100% increase (increase by 100% of original value, which is 0,5), the new value is the old value increased by 9900%. So, it's 10000% of the original value, or a 9900% increase. Just like 1 is 200% of 0,5 but only a 100% increase. That's the conclusion I came to after thinking about it for a while anyways, I must admit that my first thought was "it's obviously 10000%", but then I stopped to think about it. --- **TL;DR:** 9900% increase, 10000% of original value.


Question: How did chemists in the past discover and collect gaseous elements such as helium?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did chemists in the past discover and collect gaseous elements such as helium?

Helium was discoed by observing light from the sun the name is from Helios the Greek word for the sun. Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. Different atoms and molecules releases and absorb light of different colors. Neon for example release a distinct red light when you excite it with electricity and that's why neon light have the colors they have. If you shine white light trough neon gas it will absorb the same red color so if you spit the light with a prism you will have dark line in the red part where neon have absorbed the light. There is multiple color that neon absorbent to a larger os smaller degree. The same it true for all elements. The colors of fire works is because of the emission colors of metal salts you add to the gunpowder. Yellow is produce by adding Sodium and old sodium lights that is common for streets light also release the distinct yellow color So if you test what color of light the atoms you know about absorb and write them down you can use that information to identify a gas. When it was done with sunlight We saw the line we identified the line Hydrogen has but we also found line that matched no element we had found on earth and called it Helium. The line of helium look like [Helium\_spectrum]( URL_0 ) where the bright line is what color helium emit/absorb The observation of sunlight was a decade the gas was fires observer on earth from release during a volcanic eruption and almost 30 years before the element was isolated on earth. This was done by dissolving a type of uranium or in a acid. Helium is produce by radioactive decay of uranium.


Question: How does captcha work exactly and what is it supposed to accomplish?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does captcha work exactly and what is it supposed to accomplish?

Websites use captcha schemes to separate human users from simple computing users. Because humans can do some things easily while same task is harder on computer. At same time, new AI algorithms are solving what we're previously hard computing problems. As AIs grows in capability, captcha teams have to find new problems that are easy on humans but still hard on AI. Additionally REcaptcha is used to improve Optical Character Recognition algorithms so that printed books can be digitized easier. It's also used to gather datasets to train AI REcaptcha is funded by Google.


Question: Why do "bad smells" like smoke and rotting food linger longer and are harder to neutralize than "good smells" like flowers or perfume?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do "bad smells" like smoke and rotting food linger longer and are harder to neutralize than "good smells" like flowers or perfume?

They dont really; but you're keyed to be more sensitive to rotting food scents and other bad smells. Theres usually a survival reason behind it, and over time we developed a sensitivity to those scents. Smoke is an exception; that actually does have more particles in the air that can stick to things and smell longer as a result


Question: How does Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy work?

I have experience in both NMR and EPR. Explaining it without mathematics can be challenging. In extremely simplified terms, though, imagine an entity with two possible states. Call them state 1 and state 2. Adding radio waves to the system tends to make it go to state 1. Adding a perpendicular magnetic field tends to make it go to state 2. Whenever the entity changes between state 1 and state 2 it releases energy. This energy can be detected. Most typically (but not always), an NMR machine will set a static radio frequency, and then scan the system with varied magnetic field strength. At particular points, the radio frequency tending to make the entity go to state 1 and the magnetic field tending to make the entity go to state 2 are aligned. At this point, the entity goes rapidly between states. This is called resonance. Every single transition releases energy, and these countless transitions in the system produce a powerful signal in the aggregate. This resonant point where the radio frequency and magnetic field intensities align depends on the chemical properties and environment that the entity is in. Now what is the entity? It could be a proton (hydrogen), an electron, carbon, nitrogen, etc. Although we use a special type of carbon and nitrogen, and for electrons the molecule the electron is on has to be special, too. Think of chemical shift as a measure of the chemical properties and environment of the entity you're measuring. For example, a proton that is surrounded by other atoms vs a proton kind of dangling off in space will be very different. These will have distinct and characteristic chemical shifts, and therefore the resonant point will be very distinct.


Question: How do Radio Waves for cell phone signals penetrate into buildings if light can't travel around corners or visible light can't shine through opaque objects? Wouldn't you need a direct line of sight to the tower?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do Radio Waves for cell phone signals penetrate into buildings if light can't travel around corners or visible light can't shine through opaque objects? Wouldn't you need a direct line of sight to the tower?

Light and radio waves are all part of the electromagnetic spectrum. They don't all behave or interact with stuff the same. Xrays, infrared and microwaves are also part of that spectrum. They, like radio waves can be reflected like visible light but can penetrate certain materials.


Question: How exactly do leap days work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly do leap days work?

Leap days are because of the earth’s revolution, not rotation. A year is actually 365.25 days, so we just add an extra day every 4 years. So sure by the 4th year before we do the extra day our season will be off by about a day, but nobody is going to say “it’s November 3rd but it really feels cold enough to be November 4th”


Question: what is the difference between products marketed for Men and Women compared to their generic version? For example Nivea Men/Women vs regular Nivea Products

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is the difference between products marketed for Men and Women compared to their generic version? For example Nivea Men/Women vs regular Nivea Products

It's purely just marketing. The difference might be one has a more "masculine/feminine" scent but the regular product is just a neutral scent. It's just a way to attract the consumer.


Question: What does it mean for an element to be "metastable", and how does decay of metastable elements differ from decay of radioactive isotopes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean for an element to be "metastable", and how does decay of metastable elements differ from decay of radioactive isotopes?

Imagine a hill, and at the top of the hill is a small depression. A ball in that depression is metastable. It won't roll down the hill at any point, unless something gives it enough energy to get out of the depression. Once it's Out, however, it will roll to the bottom of the hill and reach a true stable state. An example is wood. It's metastable, but given enough heat in our environment, it will burn, releasing an excess amount of heat and in the process becoming stable.


Question: Why do electrons not get sucked into the nucleus of the atom?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do electrons not get sucked into the nucleus of the atom?

Fundamentally, the electron is not a particle that circles the nucleus in a particular path. It’s a quantum object that’s ‘smeared’ across a region of space around the nucleus. By nature, it tries to resist being confined to a small specific location, which it would need to do to fall into the nucleus. “The electron orbits the nucleus” is an introductory metaphor useful for teaching the initial concept of the atom to children, but you can’t carry it very far before it breaks down, due to the profound weirdness of Quantum Mechanics.


Question: Why ban laptops from flights? Can't a tablet or even a phone be loaded with the malware it would take to bring a plane down?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why ban laptops from flights? Can't a tablet or even a phone be loaded with the malware it would take to bring a plane down?

It has nothing to do with Malware. The latest "intel" from the oh so dependable "undisclosed sources" is that terrorists are planning to build bombs inside of laptops to blow up planes in mid flight.


Question: How does washing your hands with plain old liquid or bar soap and water remove more germs than just water alone does?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does washing your hands with plain old liquid or bar soap and water remove more germs than just water alone does?

Soap is made of “amphiphilic” molecules. These molecules are special in that they can bind to both water and oil at the same time, meaning they can also dissolve water/oil at the same time. Some bacteria bind to surfaces using hydrophobic bonds (oil-type), some bind using hydrophilic bonds (water-type), and soap lets you remove both from the surface. Some bacteria create an “oily” surface called biofilm that protects it against water. In addition, these molecules can form liposomes, which are basically a round shell 2 molecules thick. This entraps particles like dirt/bacteria in its core and carries it away. Soap is also slightly alkaline, which will affect the surface proteins in the bacteria, and cause their binding strength to weaken. They will be more easily detached from the surface. Btw, you are right not to use antibacterial soap. It just trains the bacteria to become resistant. Normal washing with regular soap will defeat 99.99% of bacteria.


Question: Why can you remember nothing about a subject, but as soon as someone reminds you about one small piece of it, the rest comes flooding back?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can you remember nothing about a subject, but as soon as someone reminds you about one small piece of it, the rest comes flooding back?

Neuroscientists have discovered that when someone recalls an old memory, a representation of the entire event is instantaneously reactivated in the brain that often includes the people, location, smells, music, and other trivia. Recalling old memories can have a cinematic quality. Memories often seem to play out in the mind's eye like an old Super 8 home movie or vintage Technicolor film. In the new study, researchers were able to show how the hippocampus binds together the diverse elements from an event to form a singular and holistic memory. During memory recall, the brain recalls an old memory by piecing together various compenents via a pattern that forms a cohesive remembrance of things past. Citation : URL_0


Question: Why is sunrise and sunset not exactly 12 hours apart?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is sunrise and sunset not exactly 12 hours apart?

A [picture]( URL_0 ) is worth a thousand words. In the summer, when your hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, more of the path you take as the earth spins is in the light, so you spend more time there. Winter is just the opposite, you spend more time on the dark side when you are tilted away from the sun. There are also a few minor factors, like atmospheric refraction, the fact the sun isn't a single point, and the non-circular nature of the earth's orbit.


Question: Why is Trigonometry used in so many applications that have nothing to do with triangles?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Trigonometry used in so many applications that have nothing to do with triangles?

While the origin of the word relates to angles and measures of a triangle, it is probably more useful to think of a triangle as the simplest polygon and that an "extreme" form of regular polygons, ie with the "most" sides, is the circle. In that sense, the subject develops naturally to the study of circles and of particular importance in the real world, circular motion. With the further development in mathematics, it has been shown that any closed shape can be inscribed as a series of circular motions of circles of various shapes (although the number of circles might be very large to the extent of requiring an infinity of circles). The other property of circular motion is that it is periodic (ie it eventually repeats). This is very useful for the analysis of periodic motion - the simplest being what many people think of as "waves". Waves appear to be a very fundamental property of the universe (light waves, sound waves, radio waves etc etc) So the mathematics of trigonometry lead to circles and circular motion and then to waves and periodic motion in general. It becomes foundational to nearly all physics and engineering.


Question: how are we able to clearly visualize images in our head of things we have seen and also have never seen before?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how are we able to clearly visualize images in our head of things we have seen and also have never seen before?

On a tangent, the ability to visualize images is not universal. Some people just don't have it. That does not mean they can't be creative or can't have great imagination, but mental recall of images or visualization of images just is not an universal ability. I'm partially affected, but in my case it only seems to include faces. Can't recall/imagine faces at all. It's particularly disheartening when I'm remembering my old dog or any of my friends or relatives that have passed on, and I'm trying my hardest to call up an image of what they looked like....yet there's nothing more than a fuzzy blur. All I've got is old photographs.... Heck, I can't even visualize an image of my wife's face, and we've been married for a decade and she's sitting right next to me.