Question: How do our passwords stay protected even though many websites/companies know our login information?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do our passwords stay protected even though many websites/companies know our login information?

Most sites don't store your password, they store a hash of your password A hash is specifically designed to be a one way function so it's easy to take the password and generate the hash and check it against the database, but it is hard to take the hash and determine what password makes it. You should have to try lots and lots of passwords to find one that matches the hash you have Not everywhere hashes your password unfortunately. If you can say you forgot your password and they can provide it to you then they aren't hashing it and you should assume that password will get out sometime


Question: Why is a ‘well seasoned’ cast iron skillet not considered unhygienic?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is a ‘well seasoned’ cast iron skillet not considered unhygienic?

The "seasoning" that is commonly discussed about cast iron cookware, refers to the baked on coating of oil that has forms a relatively non-stick patina to the surface of the pan. It occurs when this coating of oil is baked at a high enough temperature to carbonize and bond with the pan. This is commonly done at the factory as a final step before shipping to the consumer, however if proper care is taken with the pan, you can maintain and even build up this patina layer with repeated use. This is why some iron cookware is said to get better with age, as the patina layer is built up and maintained. As far as hygiene is concerned, there should be nothing for bacteria to consume in a well seasoned pan. The seasoning coating is highly carbonized and will not support them. [Lodge Cast Iron Care]( URL_0 )


Question: What do masks (homemade cloth masks) filter/block?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What do masks (homemade cloth masks) filter/block?

The majority of what most masks are blocking is outgoing particles. Anything that lands on your mask will likely get breathed in at some point, since it's going to be pulled over and over again. The droplets they block can come from more than just speaking. Speaking just produces a larger burst of droplets than breathing, but breathing alone can produce droplets.


Question: Why is water clear and colourless in water bottles, but blue and opaque in the sea?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is water clear and colourless in water bottles, but blue and opaque in the sea?

Water is inherently blue. It's just a very, *very*, **very** light blue. So light that you need a substantial thickness of it to see the actual blue tint. The opacity of the ocean is caused by all of the stuff dissolved in it. It's nowhere *near* being pure water.


Question: If you were cast away on a deserted island, would you ever get the cold or flu?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If you were cast away on a deserted island, would you ever get the cold or flu?

Probably not - simply because as you suspect unless you are actually exposed to somebody else who has a cold/the flu you can't catch a cold from nothing. So if you aren't exposing yourself to anybody who has the cold virus than you won't be exposed to that virus and won't get sick. It would be like an extreme version of the isolation rooms they use in hospitals to ensure that somebody doesn't catch a viral infection. & #x200B; The "probably" qualifier though is that it is still possible for the cold/flu virus to be transported to the island from another source. Avian flu for example could (in theory) be brought to the island by a bird and than transmitted to you and you could get sick that way. & #x200B; It is also possible that a virus could "evolve" from other viruses present on the island and develop the ability to infect humans - but the realistic chance of this actually happening would be very small (i.e. practically zero)


Question: What is the difference between algebra and calculus?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between algebra and calculus?

Algebra deals with numbers, and formulas / equations / relationships between numbers. Calculus deals with functions, and relationships / transformations between functions. Basically, algebra is "basic math"; you have numbers and you have rules about what it means to add, subtract, multiply, etc. You establish equations and functions (rules that numbers must follow). The rest of the math builds on top of this, by taking OTHER THINGS and establishing rules and relationships as if these things were numbers. Things like sets of numbers, vectors, functions, "surfaces", "fields", etc., you can define rules about how to add, subtract, and otherwise "interact" with them or the interaction between them. It's useful; for example geometry is about the interaction and properties of shapes and surfaces, and it's useful to have rigid logical / mathematical rules about how they interact. Because a lot of the real world objects are geometrical, and having the geometry rules helps with understanding these real world objects. So calculus takes functions (relationships between variables) and establishes some rules about them and how they can interact.


Question: what is traded in a nuclear trade deal? Isn't nuclear power a known science?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is traded in a nuclear trade deal? Isn't nuclear power a known science?

The basic physics behind nuclear fission is known. The engineering required to turn that into a reliable power source that doesn't explode in your face is a whole 'nother story.


Question: How can America spend $600 billion a year on their military, 54% of their federal spending, while other large countries spend a 10th of that?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can America spend $600 billion a year on their military, 54% of their federal spending, while other large countries spend a 10th of that?

"How?" Because the US priorities military spending. Why can other spend less, this becomes a somewhat circular question. And it's because the US spends so much. The US vastly subsidizes its allies militaries. Basically the US military is super bad ass, so others don't need to spend as much and can do other things with their money instead. On the US's enemies, it's similarly true-- the US military is so powerful, you can't ever hope to compete, so why bother? Spend that money elsewhere. In the end, essentially the US having an insane military is subsidizing keeping everyone else peaceful and sane and not building giant expensive militaries, that's great for everyone. It's a system that works. Perfect? Oh probably not, but the world is quite damn peaceful for a long time.


Question: Would a car in motion have more, less, or the same amount of raindrops hit it Vs. a car not in motion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Would a car in motion have more, less, or the same amount of raindrops hit it Vs. a car not in motion?

i know this isn’t a direct answer to your question BUT i believe the myth busters actually tested this. try giving it a google


Question: How can Scientist view the Atoms of something with an Electron Microscope without seeing the Atoms that make up the lenses of the Microscope?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can Scientist view the Atoms of something with an Electron Microscope without seeing the Atoms that make up the lenses of the Microscope?

Electron microscopes do not see things in the same sense as a microscope; it's an incredibly sensitive machine that detects the wavelengths of things with sensors. Think like echolocation or cat\fish whiskers. Electron microscopes don't have lenses.


Question: - Why does drinking water help with coughs, unless that cough is caused by drinking water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why does drinking water help with coughs, unless that cough is caused by drinking water?

Dry throat is one reason that water helps, also hydration can allow your body to break down mucus which helps too. The reason it can cause a cough is aspiration, when water gets in your trachea (or any foreign body really) your immediate reflex is to cough to expel it and prevent it from entering your lungs


Question: How does electricity find the path of least resistance, and can this be used to solve the Traveling Salesperson problem?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does electricity find the path of least resistance, and can this be used to solve the Traveling Salesperson problem?

Lets say we have a battery and three node. For the TPS, we can go: * Battery, 1, 2, 3, Battery * Battery, 1, 3, 2, Battery * Battery, 2, 3, 1, Battery * Battery, 2, 1, 3, Battery * Battery, 3, 1, 2, Battery * Battery, 3, 2, 1, Battery So, you're suggesting we connect all of these patterns at the same time? Cool, lets do that. But guess what? We've got a lot of redundant movements, right? We go from 1- > 2 in examples 1 and 5, we go from 1- > 3 in examples 2 and 4, we go from 2- > Battery in examples 2 and 5... We don't need to put 2 wires for those, right? Give me 3 minutes to draw this in MS Paint... [Alright, I'm back]( URL_0 ). Now, do you see the problem? We set this up, what happens? The electricity will take each path, sure. Lets say we follow the first example above. We're going B,1,2,3,B, right? Well, we go B... to 1 along the blue wire... then the path of least resistance would most likely be following the red wire immediately back to the battery. Lets try a different one. We go from B, to 2... and immediately back to the battery... It doesn't matter if you increase the resistance of the red wires. There's still more resistance in Black+Red wire than in Red alone, so red is still the path of least resistance. **But lets pretend that doesn't happen somehow.** The next problem we would face is... how do we separate the currents? Sure, we start at B. Some current (lets assume an even amount) follows each blue wire to its next point. Then, those all follow black wires to *their* next point. But, at the same time, there is still current coming out of B. So, that new current mixes with the current coming from a black wire, then evenly distributes it again over all the new paths that are available. How do we distinguish the current coming along the blue wire, from current coming along any of the other wires? **Okay, then lets run them one at a time.** So, we run each simulation once, to find out which is the shortest? That's an NP problem. We already know we can do this. The TSP is about finding out a way to do this without having to test every possibility.


Question: Why are most drywalls always closed off (preventing convenient access to pipes, insulation, wiring, etc.)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are most drywalls always closed off (preventing convenient access to pipes, insulation, wiring, etc.)?

There are quite a few reasons for this, but what it comes down to is the balance between how often those things need to be accessed vs costs of construction and the routing of plumbing etc. I have a lot of experience building homes and believe me, there are lots of variables to consider when building a home. Here are some things that are required to be accessed: 1 - Electrical - anytime there are wire splices or connections, there must be an access box which is easily accessible by removing the cover plate (it could be located in an attic, but the box is still easily accessible from the attic) it is against code in CA to have wires connected behind drywall where you would have to remove drywall to access them - 2 - Plumbing cleanouts - almost all places where there is a drain, a cleanouts must be easily accessable in case the drain clogs - 3 - misc "data" boxes - these have similar rules to electrical - 4 - Jacuzzi tub pumps, water heaters, garbage disposals, water heaters, home AC and heaters - all of these must be accessible and properly vented. Water pipes, drain pipes and wire runs do not have to be accessible because they very rarely need to be accessed. Yes, it sucks when there is a leak, but that occurs very rarely compared to other problems. Having all the pipes and wires accessible would create huge problems with their functionality. If all plumbing pipes had to be accessible, you would not be able to run them to the points in the home they are needed, like the valves that feed your faucets, toilet or shower. It's possible, but would be very tough to do. It might also add distance from your water heater, increasing the time for hot water to get to your faucet. The same thing goes for electrical. If all these things had to be accessible, you would have cover plates all over the house and walls. You may also have water intrusion problems if these cover plates were on the exterior. As a contractor/ handyman I would love if all this stuff was accessible, especially shower valves (those suck to replace, they are often behind tiled surfaces and stucco walls, very inconvenient! Edit: I think someone also mentioned insulation. Having all these things accessible would compromise the insulation of you home. Almost anywhere there is an access box in an exterior wall very little insulation can be installed. Also, on a really cold or hot day, you may notice a slight draft coming into the house through access boxes on exterior walls. Home are intentionally designed to "breathe" so some fresh air can get in. Much of the design and construction of a home is balancing many factors. By making one thing better, something else usually suffers.


Question: How do studios hire babies for movies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do studios hire babies for movies?

The same way they hire other actors. Their are agencies that represent child actors exclusively, and that includes very young children.


Question: How can we look at the sun easily when it's rising/setting but hurts our eyes when we look at it at noon?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can we look at the sun easily when it's rising/setting but hurts our eyes when we look at it at noon?

Simply put: Atmosphere. At high noon, theres some 80-100km of atmosphere between you and the sun. A good amount, but it doesnt refract much. However, the closer the sun is to the horizon, the more atmosphere is between you and the sun, and im talking on the scale of several hundred or thousand kilometers here (Which, btw, is why its color shifts to red on those positions, as the earths atmosphere scatters red the least, so thats most of the color that our eyes pick up) and as a result, a lot less of the suns light arrives in your eyes, because most of it is just being scattered around.


Question: How does trade work between the 28 members of the European Union internally and (more importantly) as a group with the rest of the world?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does trade work between the 28 members of the European Union internally and (more importantly) as a group with the rest of the world?

Trade for the most part is not between nations but between companies and people. Governments don't really get all that much involved much at all on trade inside the EU anymore than US states would be involved in intrastate commerce in the US. The EU as a whole negotiates deals with other countries or unions of countries. for the most part those aren't deals like selling a certain quantity of some product, but setting down the rules by which corporations and people in the countries can trade with each other. Agreements are between the EU and foreign countries are negotiated as a whole because there is strength in numbers. The EU collects due from its members and uses that money for various projects in the EU. The poorer countries in the EU mostly get more money invested into them locally by the EU than they pay into it. As for defence, the majority of EU nations are also in NATO and the EU treaty itself has mutual defence clause in Article 42.7. If a member country gets attacked and invokes this article the rest of the EU would support them. A war that was waged offensively by an EU member would more ambiguous but also far less likely. There are currently movements in progress to further unite and integrate the militaries of the countries with one another.


Question: What is an oil and what makes it so different from water-based liquids?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is an oil and what makes it so different from water-based liquids?

The key part is polarity. Oil is made up of non-polar molecules, meaning the molecules have an overall neutral charge instead of a positive and negative at either end of the molecule due to how their molecular bonds are arranged. Polar liquids like water are the opposite. Water molecules have a positive charge at one end and a negative at the other. Nonpolar liquids like oil therefore can't be mixed with polar liquids like water because the electrical forces of their molecules repulse each other instead of separating and mixing.


Question: Why do most business' choose to not accept Discover credit cards?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do most business' choose to not accept Discover credit cards?

Every credit card company charges a fee to process a payment. So if a credit card is rarely used or if one charges too high of a rate a place will likely not sign the contracts to allow them to process it. American Express is not accepted most places due to the large fees that they charge. Discover is accepted most places (at least here in Texas) but fewer people carry them so some smaller places choose to not accept them.


Question: How do "minerals/solid raw materials" become programmable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do "minerals/solid raw materials" become programmable?

We are not programming iron and gold, we are using semiconductors, namely silicon, doped with other elements. Basically, we can take this silicon, and make it only conduct electricity along one path when a voltage is applied to a different part of it. This is called a transistor. Using a number of these transistors, we can create things called logic gates, and chaining together these logic gates, we can make a program.


Question: Why don’t we harvest spider silk if it’s so strong?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why don’t we harvest spider silk if it’s so strong?

This is going to sound crazy but.. There's this particular farm where they inject goats with spider DNA. This causes their milk to produce silky web after processing. Let me find a link because I sound like I'm taking crazy pills. URL_0


Question: what Net Zero Emissions means exactly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what Net Zero Emissions means exactly?

Net zero means that the sum total of everything being added and subtracted from the system cancels out, hence the net addition is zero. Net zero emissions functionally means both reducing emissions, and using carbon capture and storage techniques to recapture whatever carbon you still end up emitting.


Question: Can having a huge amount of muscle protect you from impact that would normally kill a weaker being? If so, how would the physics of it work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can having a huge amount of muscle protect you from impact that would normally kill a weaker being? If so, how would the physics of it work?

by necessity of physics yes. In general if you have elastic materials compression is a means of storing energy. If you compress a spring that takes effort. You can then take that energy back out by expanding the spring etc. If you come to a standstill or if an object comes to a stand still that kinetic energy (movement energy) has to go somewhere. It speads in various forms including material deformation which is the breaking of chemical bonds, heating (thermal energy) and also vibrations in tissue and kinetic storage in elastic materials allthough only for a short while. On the time scale when you have impract the thicker muscle tissue will increase the distance of de acceleration and thus also increase the time of de acceleration and as a consequence it will decrease the de acceleration of the object. Since force equals mass times acceleration the force on the tissue will also decrease. This can in situations prevent fractures as the force of impact is now lower than breaking point. In energy terms more of the kinetic energy will be put into vibrations and heat and less in chemical bond breaking.


Question: Why arent there city compost/biodegradable waste programs similar to recycling and trash rather than just sending it all to the landfill?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why arent there city compost/biodegradable waste programs similar to recycling and trash rather than just sending it all to the landfill?

There are. For example, [Minneapolis]( URL_0 ) has a separate bin for organics.


Question: How are you able to achieve orgasm in your sleep without physical stimulation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are you able to achieve orgasm in your sleep without physical stimulation?

1) You commonly do get physical stimulation. Rubbing of clothing, rubbing of sheet, humping a pillow or the mattress, etc. 2) Most of an orgasm is mental, with only a small component being physical. If the mental is strong enough it can bypass the physical nearly completely. This is nearly impossible to do when awake, but is possible when dreaming. And some forms of meditation claim to be able to allow you to do it when awake.


Question: Why is the production of iron atoms a sign that a star is dying?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the production of iron atoms a sign that a star is dying?

A star is big and shines bright. Most stars have hydrogen, element #1. Stars are so big and strong that they can squeeze four hydrogen atoms together to make element #2: helium. When stars fuse atoms together, usually it releases energy that makes the star shine bright. The star keeps doing this and they can make all sorts of elements, including #26: iron. But that takes a lot of energy. When a star makes iron, it uses more energy to make iron than iron makes the star shine. Making iron makes the star tired, and it will die for it. Edit: a star is big and shines bright.


Question: Why is silicone (and not some other material) used for breast implants?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is silicone (and not some other material) used for breast implants?

It has a texture similar to fat and flesh, it is durable, it is cheap, it is chemically inert, and if placed right, it doesn't interfere with bodily functions.


Question: Why does wind feel so much colder when we are wet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does wind feel so much colder when we are wet?

It’s called the windchill effect and it’s the same reason you can cool food off by blowing on it. You’re body heats the air around you and when that air is blown away it’s replaced by cooler air that your body also has to warm. This causes you to feel cold because your body is constantly losing heat to the air around it. This effect is magnified by water because water can absorb a lot of heat. When you’re wet, your body loses heat to the water (a lot of heat). The wind blows, and that heat is lost and the water continues to leech heat from your skin. Hope that explains it!


Question: . How does money laundering actually work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 . How does money laundering actually work?

One common way: running a business that would expect to do a lot of transactions in cash. This may be something like a resturant or a laundromat. With such a business, it may be possible to artificially inflate customer activity using the illicit funds (you could say 1000 people did a load of laundry instead of 500), and while you would have to pay taxes on those funds, they now have a seemingly legitimate origin for them. At least until investigators look into your business in detail.


Question: Why is it impossible to imagine a new colour?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it impossible to imagine a new colour?

A better way to word this would be, "Why *would* it be possible to imagine a hue that is completely outside one's experience, to the point where the neurological circuitry to process such a hue may not even exist?" Anything you can imagine or visualize is necessarily going to be informed by and at least in part based on things you've previously experienced. By the time a person is old enough to ask a question like "Why can't I imagine a new color" their brain has probably already been exposed to every possible color or combination of colors available to them (especially nowadays with such widespread and easy access to video games, television, and digital artistic tools like Photoshop and Paint Tool SAI) and has adjusted itself to recognize and process them. You can't imagine a new color because there's nothing to build it from; it would necessarily have to be derived from a color you already know, or a combination of those colors. Where would you even start? It's as if someone asked you to build a house out of a brand new, never before seen material, but without using any currently known or even hypothetically possible substances or combination of substances whatsoever to create it. You'd need to invent new physics and chemistry before you could even begin. Edit: I want to clarify that I don't necessarily think it is impossible for a person to *experience* a new color, either because they weren't exposed to it before, or because of drug use, injury, or some other phenomenon. What I don't think is possible is for a person to *purposefully imagine* a brand new color.


Question: How does cult deprogramming work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does cult deprogramming work?

It's essentially going to be cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) Being in a cult is circular thinking that doesn't benefit the individual once they leave, CBT would provide the introspection needed to challenge these beliefs in ways that may help them be replaced by more beneficial thoughts


Question: How do share prices actually change in real time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do share prices actually change in real time?

There is no "algorithm". The share price listed is simply the last price that a trade was executed at. It doesn't have any deeper meaning on the face, its just a general indicator of the amount that last transaction occurred at. Any buyer or seller could (and do!) name *any* price they wish to buy or sell at. The share price listed just helps you judge what others have recently bought/sold at. The exchange's purpose to to match a buyer and seller who want to execute at the same price. So if I want to sell at $10 and a buyer wants to buy at $10, it will match us.


Question: How can 10¢ feed a child?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can 10¢ feed a child?

Easy. Rice, pasta, veggies, beans, potatoes in bulk are extremely cheap. The vast majority of the cost is on transportation and cooking. Amortize that over thousands of meals and you easily feed 1000 kids on $100. Making it 10 cents per child.


Question: Why use wax paper to line a cake pan? It seems the wax would heat up in the oven and mix with the cake batter.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why use wax paper to line a cake pan? It seems the wax would heat up in the oven and mix with the cake batter.

Wax paper works in a pinch but parchment paper is way better for this. It’s non-stick, like wax, but doesn’t melt and withstands much higher temperature. But many folks don’t keep parchment around unless they bake a lot, and lots of folks have wax paper, so it’s a good backup.


Question: Why can we freeze embryos, sperm, and eggs but not full grown humans?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can we freeze embryos, sperm, and eggs but not full grown humans?

Because fully grown humans have bodies with very complicated mechanisms that can not be easily restarted. A simpeler organism like a sperm cell, egg cell or an not yet developed human is easier to restart


Question: Why are there stripes painted on parts of X-game type winter sporting courses?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there stripes painted on parts of X-game type winter sporting courses?

So the athletes can see. The snow is bright white and it can be hard to distinguish distance and elevation changes. Basically a guide like the lines on the road


Question: Why can saline be injected, but you're not supposed to drink it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can saline be injected, but you're not supposed to drink it?

"Normal" saline (NS) is 0.9% saline in water. This isn't a lot, but trust me, it tastes very salty :P NS is isotonic with the blood. Meaning, it has the same percentage of salt that the blood does. So when it's injected you're literally adding volume to the blood. However, the ocean (which is what I'm guessing you're referring to, water water everywhere but not a drop to drink) is 3.5% salt, which is nearly 4 times higher than NS. If you drink this, you have water in your intestines which has 4 times as much salt as your blood. So it will actually pull water out of your blood (osmosis), making you even more dehydrated.


Question: Do people who “die peacefully in their sleep” never actually wake up? Since we wake up when we have to pee, wouldn’t the body starting to shut down force us to wake up as well?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do people who “die peacefully in their sleep” never actually wake up? Since we wake up when we have to pee, wouldn’t the body starting to shut down force us to wake up as well?

When you 'die in your sleep' it's not a matter of your body 'shutting down' When people die in their sleep it's usually due to their heart stopping. Its stops beating or usually experience a massive heart attack that kills them immediately.


Question: How do chocolate chips somewhat hold their shape and not completely melt while being baked in chocolate chip cookies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do chocolate chips somewhat hold their shape and not completely melt while being baked in chocolate chip cookies?

They do usually melt completely. You can see that pretty easily if you break open a cookie right out of the oven, the chocolate will spill out (though not super quickly, since melted chocolate is still pretty viscous). They still keep their shape in the cookie because when they melt, they’re still surrounded by cookie dough (which doesn’t melt), so there’s nowhere for the melted chocolate to go. It’s just a ball of melted chocolate in a chip-shaped hole in the solid cookie dough, so it sits there. Then when the cookie cools down, the chocolate solidifies again into something vaguely chip-shaped.


Question: The Frequency Response of a linear system ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 The Frequency Response of a linear system ?

Well linear system is a system where output if proportional to input. So basically output is linear function of input. To make it easier to imagine, system is e.g. electric motor, input is applied voltage, response is your motor revolution per second. So if your electric motor was a linear system, two times bigger voltage would mean two times higher revs. This is just an example to give something to imagine, but in reality its not an linear system. And you can describe basically anything in such way. So system is a plane, input is how much did pilot push the yoke, response is flight angle. Linear systems have wonderful feature, that they satisfy the property of superposition. For understanding this, let as assume that we have some complicated input, and its possible to represent this input as sum of some simple inputs (we have function Fc - complicated, which is equal to F1+F2, which are simple). Then response to the complicated Fc input, is equal to response to F1 + response to F2. This is true for linear system, id does not have to be true for non-linear systems. Knowing this you can combine it with Fourier Theorem (that you can represent any function with sum of series of sin), and you can easily calculate response to different inputs. So simplified flow will be like this: you test your system with e.g. impulse input (impulse contains of very big number of sin functions), and you can tell what is your system response to each frequency. Then you can take this information, and you can calculate output for arbitrary input. You first disassemble your input into sin functions, then you know response for each of those from previous experiment, and your output is just sum of those responses. And what is neat is that you do not do it step by step like I described, those calculations can be done very neatly using complex numbers, many programming languages will have necessary functions available as ready libraries. And one last thing, real system are rarely strictly linear. But we can make some tricks and assumptions, so that we treat our system as liner. This simplifies calculations greatly. In relation to examples from first paragraph we can assume, that while our motor is not linear, in range from 100 to 120 revs it can be approximated as linear. So if what you need is to know motor behavior in this range, then you can go with this approximation.


Question: Airbnb and New York city legal issues?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Airbnb and New York city legal issues?

Un-hosted short-term rentals are flatly illegal in NYC. Violations can very quickly accrue thousands of dollars in fines. You can legally rent on AirBnB in NYC only if you remain in the unit with your guests.


Question: How does a Night Guard (a hard chunk of plastic) prevent clenching damage to teeth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a Night Guard (a hard chunk of plastic) prevent clenching damage to teeth?

Hard, but softer than tooth enamel. Just like you can go to town with a lead hammer on an iron sphere and never dent it. Tooth enamel is crazy hard.


Question: Why do Europeans use luxury cars/vans as emergency vehicles?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do Europeans use luxury cars/vans as emergency vehicles?

1. These brands are made in Germany. While certainly more expensive than most makes, they are perceived as "high quality" and "premium", rather than as "luxury" brands as they are in the United States. 2. These big manufacturers often have divisions that specialise in customising their vehicles for police/emergency use. BMW, for example, has a long history of producing police and emergency vehicles. It even has some models that are exclusively for government use and are not available to the public (e.g. R900RT motorcycle). 3. Finally, it just makes sense. Of all the things to spend taxes on, taxpayers would probably be least bothered by quality emergency vehicles. Who wants to be in a cheap stripped down ambulance?


Question: Why isn't first class in the back of the plane, where there's a higher chance of survival?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why isn't first class in the back of the plane, where there's a higher chance of survival?

The chances of a plane crashing are too small, the chances of survival too high, and the difference in location too small for it to be worth it. The front of the plane is ahead of the engines and the wings, so there's less noise and turbulence. That's the consideration for why First Class is there.


Question: how does the hash encryption work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does the hash encryption work?

Hashing isn't encryption. It's a function which transforms an input into a seemingly random, fixed length output. The main features of a hash function is that it is deterministic (the same input will always yield the same output) and difficult to reverse, ie given a certain output it will difficult to find an input that will produce it. The idea in salting a hashed password is that we add some random characters to the password before hashing it. These characters are called the "salt" and they are stored alongside the hash value in the database. When the user tries to login, the server pulls out the salt from the database, adds it to the password that the user entered, calculates the hash and compares it to the stored hash. The point of hashing is to make sure that if a hacker somehow got the entire user database, they will only have the hashes instead of the passwords. They could still try to reverse the hashes by brute forcing - calculate the hash value for a lot of different password combinations, and see if anything matches any value in the database. Salting prevents this method, since the hacker will have to attempt to reverse each hash separately, instead of all at the same time. Also, if two users have the same password, they'll still have different hashes.


Question: Why does the Salt in McDonald's Salt Packets Taste Different from the Salt They're Prepared with?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the Salt in McDonald's Salt Packets Taste Different from the Salt They're Prepared with?

It's all just salt. The difference is the size of the grains. The salt that is used when making french fries has super-fine crystals - it's almost a powder while the salt in the packets is more like a traditional table salt. The size of the salt crystals greatly influences how it impacts your taste buds.


Question: What would need to happen for the US to adapt a multi-party government?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would need to happen for the US to adapt a multi-party government?

A "multi party government" in the sense of a coalition government, like you sometimes get in parliamentary countries, cannot happen in the US. The equivalent of a "government" in this context (I.e the executive branch) is the president. And since the president is only one person there isn't really a way for multiple parties to jointly run the executive branch. The closest you could get is if they elected a president who is not a member of a party themselves, but has the backing of multiple parties. Or perhaps they have someone from a different party as their vice president. If you mean in the more general sense of having more parties in Congress, then moving away from the first past the post electoral system could lead to that. With first past the post parties need to have enough votes within a single district to get a seat. But under a proportional system they could seats even if their support is distributed across the country.


Question: Why do smaller organisms like babies and mice have much faster heart rates as compared to bigger ones like adults and elephants?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do smaller organisms like babies and mice have much faster heart rates as compared to bigger ones like adults and elephants?

This topic is **amazingly interesting**. It has to do with scale, efficiency, and** an extra dimension** Yes, size predicts heart rate. Mice are basically scaled down elephants anatomically. Their hearts scale at a 1:1 size with the rest of their bodies, so why doesn't their heart rate stay the same? And why does it actually scale *down* to a lower rate? Before I answer that, let me make it even more interesting: I can predict the heart rate of a species the size of a whale or a wombat based on its weight before I measure it. Heart rate will scale to WEIGHT^(1/4). That's the one-quarter power. Remember that (1/4) power for later. It's not just heart rate but you can use weight to predict: - metabolism (how many calories the animal needs per day) - lifespan (how many years will the species live on average) - brain size compared to intelligence - required oxygen - number of offspring over lifespan All for the average animal of that given size. But it isn't only true of animals. It works for trees. It's true of similar features of organizations like ant colonies or publicly traded corporations. It even true of cities. The pace of life is faster in larger cities and you can predict by how much and the lifespan of a company based on size of organization. They are both exponential on average. # Answering the question So... **why does this happen**? What's common between mice, elephants, humans, trees, and even cities to some degree? They all need resources delivered to every part of their structure. As mass scales up, you have to deliver blood (oxygen and nutrients) to every single cell in the body. Once you have a **cardiovascular system**, you have a branching series of tubes that have to go to every single cell, the same way that every road has to be able to deliver a piece of mail to every single address. Each road (including driveways) has to meet or end in a house. This is basically a fractal - a repeating self-similar structure that looks the same at every scale (like the branches of a tree). As animals scale up, this structure gets more efficient. There is a 25% savings that you get with scale (1/4 power). Highways can go faster than local roads and the more highways you can build the better you are at delivering things. This 4 from the 1/4 power is better described as 3+1. 3 for the three spatial dimensions we scale in and 1 for the fractal nature of the structure. Animals scale in 3-Dimensions and the fractal nature of our cardiovascular system scales in 4. We end up with a 1/4 extra bonus efficiency at scale. # Extra dimensions **Wait what? 4 dimensions?** Yeah *sort of*... This is gonna get deep. Fractals are *weird*. They sort behave as if they add an extra dimension, mathematically. The best way I can help you to understand this is with coastlines and weird questions about 4D spheres. What is the length of the coastline of Iceland? Which country in Europe has the largest coastline? These seem like questions with straightforward answers but for centuries, mapmakers got different answers and couldn't explain why. The issue is that coastlines are fractals and asking about there length is asking a 1D question (length) about something that behaves as though it has an extra dimension. Imagine a sphere. Now let's ask a question that makes sense about a sphere what's the volume? What's the surface area? We can find formulas to answer these questions. Now let's ask a question that doesn't seem like it makes sense about a sphere. What is the **total area of the interior?** this doesn't seem like it makes sense because there can't be an area of a three-dimensional object could there? If we imagine the sphere as a infinite series of two dimensional circles in three-dimensional space, in other words, as slices of a sphere sitting on top of each other, then we can say what the area of each of these slices and add them together. Since there's an infinite number of these circles the surface area is infinite. Sometimes when you ask a question that applies to an object of a higher number of Dimensions you end up with infinity as the answer. Area is a 2-D question and I asked about a 3D shape, so I got infinity. What if I told you that there was a real two dimensional shape that can be no wider than a quarter but has an infinite perimeter? The [Koch snowflake]( URL_0 ) is a fractal that can be defined so that the perimeter is infinite, just as if we were asking a 1D question about a property of a 2D object. This is very similar to the discovery of the coastline problem in map making. Depending on how small you let your smallest measurement be, the coastline gets longer. The branching nature of our cardiovascular system is similar. It isn't infinite but it is almost like an extra dimension. Even though we're only a couple of metres tall, our cardiovascular system has a surface area larger than a tennis court. **We're bigger on the inside. ** ## Where *is* the Extra Dimension? **it is a what not a where ** Some dimensions are *where* dimensions like left, right, up and down. Some are what dimensions like pressure, time (sort of) or volume. The thing being increased in a fractal is information over scale. In order to define a fractal, I need to cheat. The information for the fractal isn't stored in the shape, it is in the definition. I need to give you an algorithm. And the shape actually changes depending on the resolution that you choose to measure it. If you change the scale or resolution, you change the shape because the shape is defined *in terms* or its resolution or scale.


Question: Why are jars so hard to open when left closed for a few days?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are jars so hard to open when left closed for a few days?

Usually because whatever is in the jar got between the threading at the top of the jar and the lid, dried up and got sticky. Or the jar got cold and the metal lid contracted.


Question: if you carbon date a stone, what year would it have been made? Surely most matter on this earth has been here since the beginning?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if you carbon date a stone, what year would it have been made? Surely most matter on this earth has been here since the beginning?

Carbon dating works because living creatures get their carbon from the atmosphere which has a certain level of certain isotopes of carbon due to the sun's rays keeping those isotopes available. After a creature dies, it stops updating its carbon stores with new atmospheric carbon, and the carbon isotopes inside it slowly start to decay over time, which is what we measure. Rocks typically don't get atnospheric carbon entering them for a specific period and then no longer entering them, so you can't really carbon date them. It is possible to date minerals that are formed via certain interactions out of certain elements that have radioactive decays into things that wouldn't be formed in the same way with the newly-decayed atoms, and so these can be dated in this way. This would tell you when that particular stone was formed out of pressure or heat or sediment or whatever, or when it cooled from magma.


Question: Why do humans find creative things more interesting than things in the real world?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do humans find creative things more interesting than things in the real world?

I think that humans find realistic representations of natural things interesting because of the amount of skill and attention to detail it takes to achieve high degrees of realism. To a monkey brain, a artistically talented individual is probably an excellent mate because they notice so much detail and they can communicate it so well. Observation and communication are keys to survival. There's probably something deep in the brain, some pathway, that rewards us for looking at these artistic creations. I am an artist who specializes in realistic dolls - model babies, if you will. I find my work in others fascinating to look at, but I know there are others that become uncomfortable but the realism. It's called The Uncanny Valley theory. I think that humans enjoy hyper-realistic art until it reaches the point where they can't discern art from reality easily and at that point the experience feels threatening/ too much like psychosis. I no expert, I just like to think about these things and I would love to hear from somebody who actually knows what they're talking about


Question: How does Irma keep changing vastly between categories, shifting in speed? Is that normal?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Irma keep changing vastly between categories, shifting in speed? Is that normal?

It is in the middle of the Caribbean islands. The hurricane gathers energy from warm waters and lose energy in buildings, trees and mountains. So when it gets close to an island it slows down and when it gets into warm ocean it speeds up. So as it passes over the different Caribbean islands it keeps slowing down and speeding up all the time. So it is normal for hurricanes in that region to do this.


Question: Why does scratching feel so good when it ends up in a much worse rash than before?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does scratching feel so good when it ends up in a much worse rash than before?

Scratching sends a low level pain that distracts your brain from focusing on the itching. It can also help to slap the itchy area so that you can get the same distraction without causing damage with scratching.


Question: Why do house and garden plants require daily watering and fertilizer to survive, but we are literally surrounded by plants that get on with whatever mother nature provides?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do house and garden plants require daily watering and fertilizer to survive, but we are literally surrounded by plants that get on with whatever mother nature provides?

Nature allows for decomposition of everything from fur to leaves to dead bugs thus feeding the soil. Inside your house has none of that. Just the soil they sit in. Once that food (nutrients) is eaten, it's gone. You, the hooman has to replenish. Same with your dogs dish.


Question: Why is it that you wake up sick but don’t get sick while awake?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that you wake up sick but don’t get sick while awake?

I’ve developed a cold throughout the day twice. I know when it happens now because I become really really thirsty and just feel tired on the afternoon. The sniffles start soon after.


Question: How do faster moving molecules translate into heat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do faster moving molecules translate into heat?

It's actually the opposite. Molecules are in constant motion, and the speed is determined by their heat. The colder they are, the slower they move. The hotter they are, the faster they move. You can create heat by adding motion from an external source, such as microwave oven agitating the water molecules in food.


Question: How do you solve this? (Picture in description)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you solve this? (Picture in description)

There are eight equations you can create and 7 unknown values. The brute force method is to solve it as a system of simultaneous equations. Or use some logic - like the last column is E + E + D = 17 (E and D cannot be 5 or 6) which only leaves E = 4, D = 9 or E = 7, D = 3 Then look at rows 1 and 3. J + G + H + E = 25 J + G + C + E = 22 There won't be too many combinations since H - C = 3, H > 3 and C < 7 and cannot be 5 or 6 or whatever E and D are. If E = 3, D = 9 then J + G + C = 19. Since C must be 1, 2, 4 this means J + G = 15, 17, 18. Since 9, 6, 5, 3 are not allowed leaving 8, 7, 4, 2, 1. This means both are either 7 or 8 making C = 4. If E = 7, D = 3 then J + G + C = 15. C cannot be 1 (J+G=14 without 5, 6, 7) leaving C = 2 or 4. And so on...