Question: why is Europe and Asia considered separate continents?

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 why is Europe and Asia considered separate continents?

The division of Europe, Asia and Africa as continents have start with the ancient Greek. So you should look at it from a perspective when what was known was area around the Mediterranean. The split Europe and Asia where you could sail trough the narrow straits between the Black Sean and the Mediterranean. You can continue to sail relative far but the did not have a clear boarder there. The question if Africa or Libya is it was called by the Geek, was another continent was also one at the time but from a there point of view the Aegean sea was the center of the word and the result is Africa to the south. Europe to the North and west and Asia to the east. The border between Asia and Africa was the Nile River. The definitions was not unanimous so there have been a debate of what what is a continent and where are the border for 2500 year. Where the borders are have shifted over time and Africa to the Isthmus of Suez today. But the main idea from 2500 years agor is still in use. Africa is not disconnected from Eurasia except for the artificial Suez canal. So there are models today with four to seven continents URL_0 Continents the way we use the is relativa arbitrary and can change for example in the last ice age the Bering Strait was dry land so Africa,Europe,Asia and North and South America was connect. That land bridge dissuaded 11 000 years ago and might be the way the humans migrated to The Americas by walking on dry land. If you what to look at how earth is connected in a physical way you should look at tectonic plates. URL_1


Question: how does water evaporate in small quantities without needing to reach 100°c?

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 how does water evaporate in small quantities without needing to reach 100°c?

Water evaporates at any temperature. Evaporation is a different phenomenon than boiling. Random movement of the molecules that are for example on the surface of a table, will cause some molecules to get enough energy to fly off into the air. This will continue untill the pressure the molecules create in the air is at equilibrium with the remaining water.


Question: Why does salt make everything taste better?

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 Why does salt make everything taste better?

I'm not a biologist but most things that taste good to us are typically things that we needed for survival earlier in our evolution. Salt would definitely fall into that category. Fat and sugar would as well.


Question: Why does healthcare is the USA differ from most western countries? I don't think any European country practice healthcare in the same manner. Why is there such a big difference?

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 Why does healthcare is the USA differ from most western countries? I don't think any European country practice healthcare in the same manner. Why is there such a big difference?

if anything ever seems weird about the US, the answer is that it's making a few people very rich. we're at war because it's making a few companies rich. We fuck you over if you get sick or injured because it makes insurance companies rich. Our police are the way that they are because it puts healthy, younger men in prison for labor, and prison labor is making some companies rich.


Question: How exactly do 'low-cost' airlines make money?

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 How exactly do 'low-cost' airlines make money?

Lower amenities. Some pre-purchase fuel to better control costs. Often they fly a single type of plane, which means mechanics, parts, pilot training, etc.... is streamlined. Southwest Airlines is considered one of the best low-cost carrier success stories. They don't have assigned seating, don't list inventory in many GDS platforms (systems travel agents use to make reservations), fly only 737s, pre-purchase fuel (or put prices under contract), etc..... all of those things work together to lower overhead.


Question: Why does creating bonds release energy?

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 Why does creating bonds release energy?

It doesn't always. Creating chemical bonds can either release energy or require it depending on the chemical properties of the compound(s). An example of creating a bond that releases energy is joining hydrogen and oxygen together into water, which is how hydrogen fuel cells work. An example of destroying bonds to release energy is the burning of gasoline/petrol fuel. The long chain hydrocarbons are broken, resulting in energy and smaller combustion byproducts like carbon dioxide. It required energy to fuse together those hydrocarbons, and that was done by plants millions of years ago.


Question: Why does having console standard hardware in a PC cost so much in comparison to game consoles?

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 Why does having console standard hardware in a PC cost so much in comparison to game consoles?

Console's are mass produced and sold as a unit whereas computers are generally not, and even then far less are created using the same exact parts. If you pay for a bulk order of 50,000 units compared to buying the parts yourself and building it, the bulk order is going to get a cheaper deal


Question: why does bottled ranch dressing taste like garbage and every pizza place and restaurant ranch taste amazing ?

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 why does bottled ranch dressing taste like garbage and every pizza place and restaurant ranch taste amazing ?

Most restaurants use refrigerated salad dressings; they're made of fresh(er) and more quickly expiring ingredients, so they taste better. Bottled dressings are made for shelf life above all, but the stuff that has to be kept cold is made more for taste at the expense of a much shorter shelf life. Luckily enough, though, most grocery store produce sections will have refrigerated salad dressings near the pre-cut salad bags, if you'd like to try them.


Question: How does Euler’s identity work?

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 How does Euler’s identity work?

Euler's identity is a specific case of [Euler's formula]( URL_1 ): e^ix = cosx + isinx, when x=pi. If put other values in x you'll get other results. Complex numbers are usually written in the form a+bi, where a is the real part and bi is the imaginary part (i being the square root of -1). This means that every complex number a+bi can be placed as a point (a,b) on a two dimensional plane, just like real numbers can be placed along a one dimensional axis. Now, when we look at a point (a,b) on a two dimensional plane, there's another way of representing that point, using the [polar coordinate system]( URL_3 ). In this system, we can represent the point with the distance of that point from the origin point (0,0) (denoted r in [this diagram]( URL_0 )) and the angle between the x axis and the line connecting the point and the origin point (denoted φ in the same diagram). The point can then be represented as (r,φ). As you can see in the diagram above, if you represent (a,b) as (r,φ), you get a = rcosφ and b = rsinφ. If (a,b) represents a complex number, then a+bi = r(cosφ + isinφ). Looks familiar? So, e^ix = cosx + isinx means that e^ix is the point on the complex place whose polar coordinates are (1,x). These are all the points on the [unit circle]( URL_2 ). For example if x=0 then the point is (1,0), which is simply 1. If x = pi/2 then the point is (0,1) which is simply i. Other values of x will give you other points.


Question: Why didn't Native Americans wipe out the Europeans with their diseases the same way European diseases wiped them out?

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 Why didn't Native Americans wipe out the Europeans with their diseases the same way European diseases wiped them out?

[CGP Grey does a good video about this]( URL_0 ). To summarize, the Americas had diseases, but they did not have plagues. Diseases can kill you, but they do so slowly and do not spread easily. Plagues will spread fast and kill fast, wiping out the population. The Europeans brought over a lot of plagues, but received none from the Americans. There are a couple of reasons why the American did not have killer plagues. For a plague to survive and spread, it needs people to infect. Since the Americans lived in smaller villages spread apart, there were fewer victims. If a plague arose in a small village, it would infect everyone, but not go any further and die out. In Europe, the plague could spread through an entire city, always finding a new host. Travelers carrying the plague to other cities would allow the plague to keep spreading. Another reason is livestock. When a plague infects and kills a human, this bad for the plague because it dies along with its host. Some plagues, however, which are deadly to humans may not be harmful to animals. Plagues may infect livestock and they both keep living. The Americans did not have livestock. So, if a plagued developed, it only had humans to infect, and doing so would kill the hosts and the plague would fade away. So, in short, the lack of dense connect cities and the lack of plague carrying animals made it difficult for the Americans to make the Europeans ill.


Question: Why are limits so important in math?

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 Why are limits so important in math?

You mean in calculus? It's basically what calculus is made from. Without limits there would be no calculus, and derivative and integration rules are just simplified versions of taking limits so you can get what you want without the limit steps. Calculus is crazy important for physics especially. Calculus gives us derivatives and integration which are the processes for turning distance travelled into speed or vice versa, or acceleration (eg: force of gravity) into speed or vice versa. They're used in lots of formulas where smooth rates of change are used. Nowadays anybody who wants to program a video game needs to at least understand calculus.


Question: Is the solar system rotating on the same horizontal level or are they rotating in different positions in a 3D sphere around the sun?

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 Is the solar system rotating on the same horizontal level or are they rotating in different positions in a 3D sphere around the sun?

Most of the stuff is rotating in roughly the same plane around the sun. Though there are a ton of small objects, principally in very long orbits, that rotate at other angles as well. The stuff that all rotates in the same plane does so because of conservation of angular momentum. Basically, they all started off from the same big, rotating cloud of dust that formed the solar system. They were all rotating in different directions. However, as objects traveling around the center of mass of the cloud (where the sun is now) in different directions collided, some of this rotational motion was cancelled out. If you were to "average out" the direction of rotation about the center of the cloud, that's the direction most things revolve around the sun travel. Since motion orthogonal (at a right angle to) this direction all got "canceled out," most of the solar system rests on a plane. The objects that don't rotate on that plane are mostly objects the solar system has pulled in after it formed or are just a portion of the few, small objects that didn't collide with much stuff in the early days of the solar system and happened to retain their odd angle of rotation about the sun.


Question: Why are people capable of reproduction before their brains and bodies fully develop?

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 Why are people capable of reproduction before their brains and bodies fully develop?

People may explain it better... But biologically: continuation of the human race is more important than personal intelligence.


Question: Why is our moon is called “the moon” yet other planet’s moons have actual names?

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 Why is our moon is called “the moon” yet other planet’s moons have actual names?

Actually. Our moon is called Selene from the Greeks. And from latin it is called Luna. Also, the word moon can be traced to the word mōna, an Old English word from medieval times. Mōna shares its origins with the Latin words metri, which means to measure, and mensis, which means month. So, we see that the moon is called the moon because it is used to measure the months It's referred to as "THE moon" because it's our moon. Just like we call our sun "THE sun". "Sun" and "moon" can be countable nouns. ... Moon is demonstrated as a countable noun with this sentence: Jupiter has many moons. It used to be common to refer to any star as a sun, and in this context it makes sense to say "the" before it to make sure we are talking about our sun or moon


Question: Why does cleaning your ears give you a wierd feeling in our mouth region ?

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 Why does cleaning your ears give you a wierd feeling in our mouth region ?

Because your ears, nose, and throat are all connected. That’s why you can “pop” your ears by holding your mouth and nose shut and blowing. It’s also why a sinus infection can give you a sore throat and make your ears ache. They’re all one “tube,” so to speak. In fact it is it’s own branch of medicine. You can be a doctor specializing in ear, nose, and throat.


Question: Everyone is mad about a football thing that just happened and I dont know what it is, can someone explain?

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 Everyone is mad about a football thing that just happened and I dont know what it is, can someone explain?

12 of the richest football clubs in Europe (6 of them from England) want to set up an elite league which they control who else gets to join. The current midweek competition, the Champions League is in theory open to all as qualification is based on a team's league position. By having a closed European Super League, they don't have to worry about not qualifying for it each year and therefore missing out on millions. It's a classic case of the rich wanting to get richer and screw everyone else.


Question: Why does sugar not settle at the bottom of a soda/sugary drinks?

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 Why does sugar not settle at the bottom of a soda/sugary drinks?

Also another thing to add beyond what has been said - in the USA most drinks aren’t sweetened with sugar. They use high fructose corn syrup, which is a liquid.


Question: What factors constitute how far light can travel before it begins to fade away to the naked eye?

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 What factors constitute how far light can travel before it begins to fade away to the naked eye?

It's not really fading away, just less of it is hitting your eye. For example, imagine a shotgun loaded with buckshot. Close-up, all the pellets hit what its pointed at. From farther away, maybe one or two pellets will hit the target. For this analogy, a star is a shotgun, and your eye is the target. The sun is relatively close to us, so a lot of light (a harmful amount even) will hit your eye. Other stars are very far away though so only a very small fraction of the light hits your eye. On earth, distant lights can fade by this effect, but also by refractive effects. Differences in air temperature and pressure cause light to be redirected away from its initial path (i.e. your eye).


Question: how does a phone stylus work?

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 how does a phone stylus work?

Touch screens generally work due to "capacitance". That is the ability for a material/object to store an electrical charge. The human body is reasonably good at this, due mainly to containing a large amount of water. Water molecules are [slightly more positive on one end and more negative on the other.]( URL_0 ) If you expose them to an electrical field (a voltage), the water molecule will rotate a bit. In this way, it's storing a bit of energy. If you remove the voltage, it will go back to moving around more freely. Touch screens work by putting a tiny voltage on the screen (in many places, one after the other, very rapidly) and detecting if there's a tiny current flow. If there is, something with capacitance has touched or come near the screen. Like a human finger. But it doesn't have to be the finger itself, it can be something electrically well connected to that finger. That will form a conductive path to the finger and it's almost as good. And that's what a phone stylus does. It is conductive, and it therefore provides a "virtual finger" that increases the capacitance at the screen where it touches. If a material is not very conductive, or not in electrical contact with something with high capacitance, it won't register on the screen.


Question: how do you calculate the damage caused by an asteroid hitting earth?

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</answer>
 how do you calculate the damage caused by an asteroid hitting earth?

There are five main factors that influence how much damage an asteroid will do if it hits the Earth: 1) Its mass. This is obvious - the more mass the asteroid has, the more oomph it is going to hit with. 2) Its velocity. Again, kind of obvious - an asteroid hitting at 30 km/s will hit with four times as much energy than one hitting at 15 km/s. 3) Its density. The denser an asteroid is (for the same mass), the better it is at penetrating the atmosphere - and thus the more of its energy it retains as it hits. 4) The impact angle - the shallower the angle is, the more atmosphere the asteroid has to go through and the more it is slowed down before impact. 5) What it hits. Depending on the material that is hit, there may be secondary damaging effects - for example, an asteroid hitting the ocean will cause a tsunami. For your example... let's assume a 20 m diameter asteroid made of iron, with a density of 8000 kg/m^3. Let's also assume it comes in at a 45 degree angle, and hits sedimentary ground. The asteroid will strike the ground at 6.74 km/s, with an energy of 180 kilotons TNT equivalent. It opens up a crater with a diameter of 577 meters and a depth of 177 meters. At five kilometers from the impact point, the seismic shock (which arrives about one second after impact) will have a magnitude of 4.1 and a Mercalli intensity of IV to V - dishes and windows might break, and you will definitely feel it. The airblast will arrive 15 seconds after the impact, with a peak overpressure of 0.105 bar and maximum windspeed of 23.7 m/s (a severe gale, level 9 on the Beaufort scale), enough to shatter windows. If you are just 1 km away, the airblast, with an overpressure of 2.07 bar, will be sufficient to cause multistory wall-bearing buildings and highway bridges to collapse - almost no residential structures will remain standing. I got these effects from the [Earth Impact Effects Program]( URL_0 ) - you can enter some data yourself, see what happens with different asteroid sizes, densities and velocities.


Question: How Did We Find The Volume of Various Solids? The Volume Formulas, I Mean.

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How Did We Find The Volume of Various Solids? The Volume Formulas, I Mean.

The first we did was to just measure the volume using one of the methods you said and then taking measurement from various different sizes of the shape we can make a formula which match the measurements. However when calculus were invented it came with a tool we can use to come up with the volume of any mathematical shape. Integration is to find a formula for the area under a graph. When you integrate twice for a three dimentional object you get the volume.


Question: Why have African countries not amassed incredible wealth given that they are some of the richest in Earth's natural resources (diamonds, oil, gold, copper) ?

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 Why have African countries not amassed incredible wealth given that they are some of the richest in Earth's natural resources (diamonds, oil, gold, copper) ?

Some have. The issue is there is a lot of political instability in the region that either makes this extraction difficult or profits from these extractions enrich a few corrupt politicians. As much as you can talk about colonialism for contributing to this political situation, the Europeans didn't extract anywhere near all the resources in Africa.


Question: What do all these companies use my data for?

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 What do all these companies use my data for?

The data is used to assess your credit risk in various situations, or to partition large groups of people for targeted services or investigation. A lot of data has historically been collected on the assumption that it may someday be valuable. Big Data is used for fine tuning political campaigns, gerrymandering, setting insurance premiums, deciding where to invest in infrastructure, and pretty much anywhere else someone has to decide where to spend a lot of money. Of course, that data is used by data thieves to manipulate and to steal identities as well.


Question: why do some events that happened a year ago feel like they were yesterday while others feel like they were years ago?

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[Your final answer goes here]
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 why do some events that happened a year ago feel like they were yesterday while others feel like they were years ago?

Emotion affects memory formation Example - dangerous situations or anytime your adrenaline spikes, your mind makes sure to remember those things with as much clarity as possible, because it's a survival instinct - adrenaline means you are in danger and thus remembering what is happening in that moment could save you the next time it happens.


Question: If someone wins a major academic prize for math for solving an equation that was thought to be impossible, how do we know they did it right?

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 If someone wins a major academic prize for math for solving an equation that was thought to be impossible, how do we know they did it right?

They write down their step by step "proof" which includes every equation that they used to arrive at their answer. Other mathematicians then follow along their step by step guide and see if they reach the same answer and to verify that they did not make any math errors along the way.


Question: Why are Albino animals said to live such short lives?

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 Why are Albino animals said to live such short lives?

It's usually a huge disadvantage to be albino, even in people, like in some places in Africa they kill albinos bc they think theyre magic, but in animals it's because they end up as food because they can't camoflauge or they starve for the same reason


Question: What make pi the same in circles of different sizes?

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 What make pi the same in circles of different sizes?

Pi is a ratio of the circumference to the diameter, so that doesn't change. Just like the density of an object is a ratio of mass and volume. A large piece of gold and a small piece of gold may have different masses and volumes, but the ratio is the same


Question: What is the line between the first amendment and hate crimes?

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 What is the line between the first amendment and hate crimes?

The actually acting on it part. If you are wondering about the line between freedom of speech and hate speech then that is a little harder. Freedom of speech mostly just covers the governments inability to arrest you for opinions. You can be arrested for speech/media that includes inciting violence, defamation, perjury, child pornography, incitement to illegal action, true threats, soliciting crimes... All sorts of stuff. Hate speech can fall under almost any of those. Free speech just means the government can’t arrest you for complaining about the government.


Question: Can anyone explain to me the chain rule? I'm kinda doing some self study ryt now, and i'm having a hard time with it. I think i already have a good background with the basic rules, but i am confused when some problems contains mix rules: < <

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 Can anyone explain to me the chain rule? I'm kinda doing some self study ryt now, and i'm having a hard time with it. I think i already have a good background with the basic rules, but i am confused when some problems contains mix rules: < <

the chain rule is something you use when you want to differentiate "difficult" (nested) equations. you can use it to calculate (x+1)^3 without having to expand it into x^3 +3 x^2 + 3 x + 1 this is one of the easier examples, when you're faced with sqare roots, trigonometric (sin/cos) or exponential functions it is often very difficult to expand it into a simpler form to differentiate. sin (2x) for example is also a "nested" equation it is "sinus of (two times x). so what you do is substitute the "inner" part of the equation. (x+1)^3 becomes u^3 sin (2x) becomes sin (u) sqrt (x^3 - x^2 + 7) becomes sqrt (u) (you can also make substitutions like x^4 +x^2 +1 becomes u^2 +u+1) important: after the substitution you should not have an "x" left in your equation, only "u"s and different powers of "u" (obviously you can also choose a different letter), like u^2, sqrt (u), etc. now you take the much easier equation with the "u" parameter and differentiate it. taking the sin(2x) example (because it's easy but not trivial): this gives you sin'(u) = cos (u) now you gotta multiply that with the derivation of the "inner" part, because we want to know how what happens to our "u" when we derive it. here our "u" is just "2x" so u' = 2 and thus the result is sin' (2x) = 2 cos (2x)


Question: Why is a short stick harder to break than a long stick?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why is a short stick harder to break than a long stick?

Leverage. With a longer stick the force you put on the end of the stick causes a ton more force in the middle of the stick. As the stick gets shorter it takes the same force to break the stick but you have less leverage.


Question: Why is it that glass shatters when it goes from extremely hot to extremely cold temperatures and vice versa? Moreover, what does that say about the glass manufacturing process if anything? Thank you!

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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why is it that glass shatters when it goes from extremely hot to extremely cold temperatures and vice versa? Moreover, what does that say about the glass manufacturing process if anything? Thank you!

All materials expand and contract with temperature. If you heat the bottom of a glass but not the top, then the bottom will expand and the top will not. Since glass isn't very flexible, it instead just breaks. This means that the whole temperature must be virtually the same as it heats or cools.


Question: Why does the skin on male genitals darken?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why does the skin on male genitals darken?

You might want to hold off on the explanation. Your nipples and penis get darker when you go through puberty. The sex hormones cause a surge in Melanin (which is the pigmentation in your hair and skin).


Question: How are electric eels electric??

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 How are electric eels electric??

Actually, all living beings are electric, most just create very small amounts of electricity. Electric eels have modified the mechanisms that generate small amounts of electric voltage in most organisms, and used them to create large amounts of electric voltage. Cells operate what are called "ion pumps". These pumps are used for all sorts of things for the normal operation of your cell, the equivalent of "breathing and eating" but on a microscopic cell. Ion pumps move charged particles into or out of the cell, creating an electric voltage. In most organisms, these ion pumps run only fast enough to keep the cell healthy, generating small voltages. The ion pumps in an electric eel keep on running, creating very large voltages instead of small voltages. The eel can release the voltage when it wants to, creating an electric shock.


Question: Why can't the UN put sanctions on the US for not adopting climate change policies, given the disproportionate impact it will have on the rest of the world?

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 Why can't the UN put sanctions on the US for not adopting climate change policies, given the disproportionate impact it will have on the rest of the world?

The United Nations sanctioning process goes through the Security Council. The US, Russia, China, France, and the UK have veto power over any item that comes through the Security council. Those 5 countries are effectively unsanctionable, atleast through the UN. You could go outside the UN but there isn't a political will to do that. The US economy is massive, and intertwined with the economies of many other nations. The US dollar is the world's reserve currency. To take down the US economy, you'd have to take your own down with it, and other countries aren't feeling like economic Kamikazes.


Question: How are video game AIs programmed? Is it a just a long series of "If Then" statements? Why are some AIs good and others terrible?

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 How are video game AIs programmed? Is it a just a long series of "If Then" statements? Why are some AIs good and others terrible?

While the other comments are true and most games do operate off shifting "states" and such, there's one more advanced technique that some games use called "Goal-Oriented Action Planning", or GOAP. In GOAP, AI consists of two things: things it wants to achieve (goals), and things it can do to change itself or the world around it (actions). An AI is given a set of goals (kill the player, stay alive, etc), and long lists of actions that it could do (move, shoot, reload, etc). The AI then decides which goals it should be going after, and calculates what actions it could be doing at any given time to satisfy as many goals as possible. For example, imagine that an AI soldier is hunting the player, who is somewhere on the other end of a warehouse. The AI's goals are (from highest to lowest priority): * Stay above 10% health * Kill the player * Keep the player in view * Avoid the player's line of sight * Keep its weapon loaded The AI's actions are (in no particular order): * Move to a specific spot * Shoot gun (kills the player, but only when gun is loaded and the player is visible) * Reload (keeps the gun loaded) * Jumpkick player (kills the player, but only when the player is visible and right nearby) * Use a medkit (gives health back) At first, the AI can't see the player. None of the actions it has at its disposal let it kill the player at that moment in time and it's not losing health, so it doesn't bother with those goals and instead tries to get the player into view. Once it sees the player, it realizes that the "shoot gun" action would let it kill the player, so it stops moving and starts shooting. If it runs out of ammo and the player isn't dead yet, then it can no longer shoot, so it stops trying to kill the player, moves somewhere to avoid the player's line of sight, and reloads. If the player takes the AI's health down to 10%, it remembers its highest priority, stops shooting, and uses a medkit. If the player gets too close while the AI's out of ammo, then it jumpkicks the player instead of reloading. Process repeats until the player is dead. The cool part is that the programmers don't have to code the nitty-gritty of any of this. All they have to do is decide the AI's list of goals, decide what each action requires and satisfies, and which actions each AI has. The AI then decides the rest on its own. What's more, you wouldn't have to change much to create a vastly-different enemy. For the example above, imagine that the "Avoid line of sight" goal was second on the list instead of fourth. Suddenly your brutish soldier AI is doing everything it can to lurk out of sight, only stopping to attack the player once the player has lost track of it. Whole new enemy, only one (1) line difference. If you want to read more, I recommend [this guy's website]( URL_0 ) and the papers he's written on it.


Question: Why cant oxygen have a solid form?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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 Why cant oxygen have a solid form?

Oxygen does have a solid form. However, the temp to reach it is 54.36 K or -218.79 C or -361.82 F.


Question: Why does wetting your hands make it easier to open a plastic bag, when having wet hands usually makes it difficult to handle other things?

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[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why does wetting your hands make it easier to open a plastic bag, when having wet hands usually makes it difficult to handle other things?

Your dry fingers have difficulty adhering to the smooth plastic. When you wet your finger, the water fills the spaces between your skin and the plastic bag. Water molecules are slightly bent, which means that they act a little bit like small magnets, with a small attractive force between them. This small attractive force (Van der Waals forces) causes the water to bond to both your fingers and to the bag, allowing you to grip it better. The forces in this case are small and the bag is light, so the force your hand apply is lower than the Van der Waals force. When opening a jar, the Van der Waals force is still there, but you are applying a much larger force to try to open the jar. In this case, you grip the jar much harder, which increases the surface area contact and allows you to transmit the force from your hand to the jar and lid, hence opening it. When the jar and lid is wet, the water gets between your hand and the jar. Water is a fluid and cannot transmit shear force (the force of objects moving alongside one another), so your hand slips as soon as you apply a force greater than the Van Der Waals force.


Question: If there were another world war, would the corporations be forced to take sides? Could the support of wealthy businesses turn the tides of a conflict?

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 If there were another world war, would the corporations be forced to take sides? Could the support of wealthy businesses turn the tides of a conflict?

Absolutely. Tech giants in particular. Just look at the industry giants in WWII. We practically had to force them to stop supplying the enemy once we went to war, and many, secretly, did not comply.


Question: Why is there no safe and easy way to suppress appetite?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there no safe and easy way to suppress appetite?

Food is crucial to survival so we evolved to not starve ourselves. If there were some easily-stumbled-upon way to turn off the driver that keeps us alive, that would be very bad for our survival. Food was not so easily found during our evolution compared to the first world right now. If you don't get enough food, your body sends out hunger signals to stop you from doing whatever you're doing and devote all your energy to finding food. The body will attempt to conserve all the fat it can (which is why unhealthy dieting is unsuccessful in losing weight, because your body will be frantically holding onto every reserve it has and try to make more from the small amount of food you do eat). Also, the body has a natural level of fat reserve which is why people are naturally different weights (it's partially genetic, partially epigenetic, so it is difficult to change). If you drop below the fat level your body wants to keep, it will send out craving signals and start trying to build more fat until you go back up to the weight it wants to be at. This is another reason why losing weight seems to be temporary, because those mental craving drivers will hammer down your resilience until you quit the diet. I wrote a uni report on it, it's pretty interesting, cos there are suggestions that being overweight/ obese is partially genetic in some cases- as we evolved with limited food, obesity wouldn't have happened, so having an unhealthily high internal 'fat goal' wouldn't have been a health issue. Also, trauma can cause the body to retain more fat or increase food drivers as well, which might have been useful in making a struggling wild human more likely to survive, but nowadays it doesn't do the same thing.


Question: Why are drone strikes on moving targets so accurate, how does the targeting technology work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are drone strikes on moving targets so accurate, how does the targeting technology work?

All the US-operated ground-strike UAVs use the AGM-114 'Hellfire' air-to-ground missile, in addition to several types bomb. The hellfire missile, as well as the some types of guided bomb, are guided with laser beam riding. Basically, there is a fancy [dome camera]( URL_0 ) on the bottom of the drone with a powerful laser pointer with a very specific color that isnt visible to human eyes. In order to guide the missile to a target, the camera points the laser at the target, and a fancy camera on the front of the missile uses fins on the missile to steer it to point at the laser dot on the ground. If the target is moving, the camera just moves the laser to follow the target as it moves, and the missile will continually adjust to point at the laser dot.


Question: Why did some cultures choose to live in extremely hazardous environments?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did some cultures choose to live in extremely hazardous environments?

People generally lived in places with 2 concerns: Is there food here, and is anyone going to kill us for being here? In some cases that means farmable land in good climates, in some cases the means living near plains that flood, or volcanic ash fertilizing the land, sometimes they'd be a dangerous forest or jungle with animals to hunt and fruits growing. And in the case of people like the inuit, can you farm? Nah... can you kill 1 thing and feed the village with very rich and fatty food for a week? Yes And no one invades jungles, tundra, mountain ranges etc...


Question: Why can our eyes sometimes see heat coming from air vents, and other sources of heat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can our eyes sometimes see heat coming from air vents, and other sources of heat?

It's not actually the heat you see, but the effect of the hot air. Hot air expands and becomes less dense than the cool air around it. When light travels between objects with different density, it gets refracted (the direction it moves in is changed). You might remember images of a laser pointer shot into a fish tank. It's kinda like that. What you see above the heat source is the light being messed with as it passes through the air.


Question: Where does the wax in candles go? I understand that it melts, but as a candle works down does the wax just turn into gas and evaporate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does the wax in candles go? I understand that it melts, but as a candle works down does the wax just turn into gas and evaporate?

The wax is the fuel. The flame melts the top of the candle wax to liquid form, and the wick sucks it up into the flame, where it burns. Wax is an organic compound, formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. So when it burns, it reacts with oxygen from the air, and it forms CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O (water vapor).


Question: Why can't "developing" countries just copy "developed" countries to improve their living standards?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't "developing" countries just copy "developed" countries to improve their living standards?

Why can't you copy Lebron's basketball skills and be as good as he is? It's all there, for the world to see... except he's an exceptional talent with years of practice. It takes *time* to develop something. Western Europe had literally *centuries* of development to reach it's present state. China did it in decades because they had the template to follow and even they are having to make some of the choices that the West made along the way. Edit: For example - You can't just build a factory and expect your population to start producing computers. It takes an educated population of specialists to build things like computers.


Question: Why are recycled paper and recycled cotton darker?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are recycled paper and recycled cotton darker?

Recycled paper and cotton products can be bleached completely white just like their non-recycled counterparts, and sometimes they are, but it costs more to do so. It's also a marketing tactic to leave the recycled products looking like they're recycled. Many people don't want to pay a little more for a recycled product if it doesn't look like it's recycled.


Question: Why do lorries parked in parking bays on dual carriageways have one of their black doors wide open?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do lorries parked in parking bays on dual carriageways have one of their black doors wide open?

Parked up Lorry's are particularly easy prey for thieves, who, during the course of breaking into a lorry will either smash the locks off the back door or cut through the sides, particularly on curtain sided vehicles. This damage needs to be repaired at a cost and takes the lorry off the road, while the repair is carried out, which also costs the company. Parking up and opening a rear door shows any potential thieves that there is nothing inside to steal.


Question: how non-dentist teeth whitening methods such as gels and LED lights work and are they safe?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how non-dentist teeth whitening methods such as gels and LED lights work and are they safe?

I am not a dentist, but I work in the dental field. Your teeth have layers. The outermost layer is called enamel which is a hard material that protects other layers from tooth sensitivity and decay. Generally speaking, teeth whitening is a process that removes a very thin layer of stained enamel, regardless of the method used to whiten the teeth. You need enamel to protect your teeth. But to answer your question, is it safe? If you do not whiten your teeth more than the recommended frequency for whatever method you use \(and only use one method at a time\), then it is relatively safe. If you have tooth sensitivity, are prone to cavities or are able to see through your teeth when you hold a light to them, teeth whitening is probably not for your. Edit: I went to the HiSmile website and the product claims to whiten teeth "with no damage to enamel." While you might not technically be "damaging" your enamel, you are still removing a very thin layer. I suppose that's up to the consumer to decide if removing enamel falls under the same category as "damaging." Edit2: If your teeth are capped/crowned/veneered, no tooth whitening product will whiten that material.


Question: Why does installing a game take so long compared to uninstalling one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does installing a game take so long compared to uninstalling one?

The installation downloads a bunch of files, writes them to disc, etc. The uninstall just tells the computer "Files A, B, and C were only for this game, and they're on the disc in location XYZ. Just forget about them." It's like how deleting a video can take just a moment; it's still on the disc. The computer can overwrite it later, because as far as it's concerned that part of the disc is empty, but the actual data hasn't been erased.


Question: Why did the ice clear my pond?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did the ice clear my pond?

Most likely the ice on top slowed the turbulent action of any wind, allowing the suspended matter to settle out.


Question: Why do companies care about the stock price after the ipo?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do companies care about the stock price after the ipo?

Companies are owned by the people who own the stock. These shareholders want the stock they own to be worth more in the future. Therefore the people who own the company want the stock price to go up. Additionally, many companies will include some stock options for employees (especially for high up employees) which mean the people actually running the company day-to-day also want the stock price to go up.


Question: What is Power 5 football?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Power 5 football?

Power 5 is the top 5 conferences in college football including the SEC, B1G, ACC, PAC12, and BIG 12.


Question: What would happen to the U.S. economy if pennies were removed from currency?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen to the U.S. economy if pennies were removed from currency?

Not much. We'd be fine and prices would be rounded to the nearest nickel when it needs to be.


Question: Why does making chips require clean facility?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does making chips require clean facility?

The components of a microchip are unbelievably tiny. So small that even a single speck of dust could disrupt the manufacturing process and lead to many thousands of dollars worth of lost time and materials.


Question: Why do some people fog up car windows significantly more than others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some people fog up car windows significantly more than others?

Some people have a larger lung-volume than others, it could have to do with temperature, but mostly it's going to be a matter of the rate at which you're breathing. Humans exhale quite a bit of water, but at rest, in a car, most of us tend to breathe pretty slowly through our noses, which minimizes the rate at which we're releasing water vapor. So... mouth-breathers, people who for whatever reason are breathing more deeply/rapidly, that kind of thing will contribute.


Question: What is artificial meat made up of and how is it created?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is artificial meat made up of and how is it created?

You have two kinds of artificial meat: * Plant-based synthetic meat, which is made from various plant proteins that are structurally similar to the muscle tissue that makes up real meat. * Genuine artificial meat (which is not yet commercially available - last I read about it researchers had successfully produced the equivalent of food-safe ground beef, but the production costs were around $200 for a burger), often also known as cultured meat. Cultured meat is made by taking tissue/cell samples from animals and then growing muscle cells in a lab. This is essentially artificially-produced real meat - it has all the same components, but is grown in a lab rather than in an animal.


Question: How come if I freeze yogurt it doesn't taste the same as frozen yogurt products?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come if I freeze yogurt it doesn't taste the same as frozen yogurt products?

Frozen yogurt needs to be stirred as it freezes, so that air bubbles get trapped inside. That's how you get the light texture. If you have a home ice cream maker, you can make your own frozen yogurt with nothing other than store-bought yogurt.


Question: What is the “kindling” effect in alcoholism?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the “kindling” effect in alcoholism?

Alcohol (along with benzos (like xanax), z-drugs (like ambien) and barbituates (not really used in the US anymore)) all work on a chemical in the brain (also known as a "neurotransmitter") called GABA. GABA is responsible for slowing down how quickly your brain cells talk to each other. These drugs bind to GABA receptors, making you more relaxed, less anxious, and fall asleep easier. Unfortunately, GABA is a very finicky chemical. If a brain cell receives more GABA than it is used to, then it will get rid of receptors for GABA to try to balance it out. When the alcohol or other GABA drug is stopped, those receptors don't come back right away. Now, until the receptors grow back, the GABA naturally in your brain can't have as much of an effect. This is what the bad feeling of withdrawal is. Kindling happens when you withdraw multiple times. Your brain remembers what alcohol is whenever you start using it again. It knows that it needs to get rid of receptors, so it does it a little faster and a larger amount because it expects you to be drinking for a long time, like you did last time. When you stop alcohol again, you have even less GABA and even less receptors than you did last time you quit, so the withdrawal is even worse. Your brain still remembers the next time, and the next time, and the next time, getting rid of GABA and receptors more effectively every time you start using again. If you do this enough times, your brain just gives up trying to heal because it is always expecting the drug. Eventually when the drug is taken away, your brain cells just go "what's the point of regrowing these receptors? He/she's just going to give me alcohol soon anyway". And then you have almost no GABA or receptors in the brain, so you could have given yourself a wide variety of chronic - maybe permanent - symptoms associated with low GABA; severe anxiety, insomnia, tremors, muscle issues, cognitive issues, memory issues, and even epilepsy. The first time you quit it can take a few weeks to a few months to get your receptors back. By the umpteenth time, it can take years to heal, if you ever do. The only way to make you a functional human being is to introduce a new GABA drug to mimic the effects of the chemical. However, these drugs - you guessed it - lead to down regulating GABA over time, so you need to take more and more and more. GABA is one of the most vital chemicals in your brain for you to live a comfortable and happy life, but it's also one of the most finicky and can wreak absolute havoc on your life if it's low. That's why kindling is rare for most other drugs, but it's nearly unavoidable specifically for GABA drugs should you withdraw multiple times. Edit: Kindling, as I alluded to early on, can also happen easily with benzodiazepines (Ativan, Klonopin, Xanax, Valium, Rohypnol (illegal in the US - also known as a "roofie") etc.), Z-Drugs (Ambien, Imovane, Lunesta, Sonata, etc.) and barbituates (usually only used for veterinary purposes nowadays - these are what put dogs down (and they could put you down too, which is probably why they're not prescribed anymore)). There are safer GABA drugs that work a little differently and in a different area of the brain. Anti-seizure drugs like gabapentin (neurontin) and similar don't cause as much downregulation and are safer for long-term use. TL:DR - Kindling is your brain remembering that you are replacing its natural chemical with another chemical, so it gets rid of its ability to use its natural chemical because it simply doesn't need it anymore. Every time you re-expose the drug, your brain still remembers it and gets rid of its natural chemical more and more until it gets rid of so much that you either die, take years to heal, or live the rest of your life as an anxious, insomniac, and possibly epileptic wreck.


Question: why does squinting help you see a little better when you don’t have your glasses on?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does squinting help you see a little better when you don’t have your glasses on?

When someone has poor vision and sees things blurry it is because their eyes either do not bend the light enough or bend it too much. This produces a blurry image because the focal point is supposed to be on the retina but is instead ahead or behind it. When you squint you are actually doing two things. First you are causing your cornea to flex slightly which helps with the bending of light to a better focal point. Second you are creating a smaller aperture for light to pass through which creates less scattering and sharper edges. The down side to this is muscle strain (which is why we wear glasses cause you don't want to squint forever) and also a dimmer image because less light is passing through the aperture. Glasses/contacts compensate for the amount of light bending needed to make sure the focal point maintains on the retina. Btw, this is more of a lens physics question rather than biology but there's a lot of overlap there so...