Question: Why don’t we see devices use B, C, and D batteries anymore? Or the square 9v ones?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why don’t we see devices use B, C, and D batteries anymore? Or the square 9v ones?

The energy density and maximum power output of lithium ion batteries, combined with their decreasing cost, makes the idea of using large sets of C/D batteries unattractive. Why have a massive pack of replaceable cells when for a little extra cost, you can have a built in rechargeable battery pack less than half the size?


Question: How do deep sea fish exist and how do they survive the harsh 4000m deep sea pressure?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do deep sea fish exist and how do they survive the harsh 4000m deep sea pressure?

Fish are full of water, unlike land based mammals full of air, thus deeper water pressure equalizes them out internally


Question: How different is moving millions or billions of dollars in comparison to small everyday transactions that every one of us do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How different is moving millions or billions of dollars in comparison to small everyday transactions that every one of us do?

Many, many fewer organizations are willing to do a million dollar transaction than a ten dollar transaction, and hardly any are willing to do a billion dollar transaction. For a $10 transaction, almost everyone is willing to accept the simple authentication of the chip in a debit card, with maybe a signature. Over $10K, it's going to involve third party, usually a bank, authentication. Over $100K, like to buy a house, it's going to take notarized signatures and bonded transfer agents (essentially insurance fees to cover errors). At $1M, it's going to take an established business relationship and through vetting of both parties by independent third parties. Dun and Bradstreet is one company in the US that authenticates organizations for this sort of thing. Beyond that, it's going to take pre-established contracts that cover all the possible failure modes and who's covering the various risk exposures.


Question: How do astronomers discover planets that are 200+ LIGHT YEARS away?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do astronomers discover planets that are 200+ LIGHT YEARS away?

generally they discover planets that **were** 200+ light years away. however planets usually dont move anywhere near as fast or far as to significantly be somewhere else now. essentially they study the light that reaches us (or usually the hubble telescope), then analyse the light of the stars sending out that light. there is an effect called red/blue-shifting that causes the frequency of the light emitted by objects moving really fast to change frequency (kinda like the Doppler-effect you might know). then they study this light and look for changes to its intensity or the path that these stars are taking. any changes that are somewhat regular are caused by planets. So essentially, we don't find the planets, we just find proof that there are planets there.


Question: Why is it fairly easy for large animating companies to create perfectly photo-realistic terrain and animals, but not humans? What really is the difference?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it fairly easy for large animating companies to create perfectly photo-realistic terrain and animals, but not humans? What really is the difference?

I believe this has to do with an effect known as "the uncanny valley". See, humans aren't particulsrly more difficult than animals to animate, but we as humans notice slight errors in animated humans fsr better than other things. Thus, what you call a photorealistic animal likely has some distinct differences from an actual film of that animal, but our brain is not keyed to detect that. However, if an animated human has a similar amount of difference, our brain picks up on it much, much easier and we think it looks "off"


Question: When one gets "food poisoning" and you start to vomit/diarrhea, is that your body stopping itself from getting sicker?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When one gets "food poisoning" and you start to vomit/diarrhea, is that your body stopping itself from getting sicker?

Microbiologist here. Unfortunately, many of the other comments in this thread are wrong. I'll try to clear things up a bit. There are countless numbers of different of bacteria, and so naturally they don't all make you sick the same way. In general, there are two ways that bacteria can give you food poisoning: 1. Bacteria survive your stomach and establish themselves in your colon and produce toxins until your body can fight them off. 2. Toxins produced by bacteria can be on your food even if there are no more living bacteria left. Many of the common food poisoning bacteria fit into the first category: *E. coli*, *Salmonella*, *Shigella*, even cholera, all need to survive your stomach to actually make you sick. Of course, these bacteria have to do more than just survive your stomach, they also have special ways to make you sick, called virulence factors. Cholera makes a toxin that throws off your salt balance, *E. coli* injects its own proteins into your cells, and *Salmonella* actually enters your cells and grows inside of them. Even though they have different virulence factors, your immune system can usually clear all of these infections the same way; by flushing out the bad bacteria. If that fails and the bacteria manage to get into your blood, a condition called sepsis, you will most likely die. Other types of bacteria, like *B. cereus*, can give you food poisoning even if you've microwaved/reheated the food. In these cases, the bacteria are probably dead, but you can still get sick from toxins they made when they were still alive. This type of food poisoning will probably not kill you, because there is a limited amount of toxin and no risk of sepsis.


Question: Why do investors sue the companies when they lose their money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do investors sue the companies when they lose their money?

Suits happen when the people running the business make bad decisions. There’s a pretty high bar for what constitutes a “bad decision,” though. As long as the people running the business have a decent reason for their decisions, it falls under business judgment. Thee are other suits that are filed for fraud and other misconduct. As for Theranos, they managed to fool some of the smartest investors and scientists by coming up with fake data. Proprietary knowledge is closely-guarded, so it’s pretty hard to tell sometimes if a company is actually making the technological advances it claims.


Question: How do computers generate randomness?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do computers generate randomness?

Various ways 1. They use a [pseudorandom number generator]( URL_2 ). As the name says, this isn't *true* randomness, but it's good enough for most purposes and it will give you as many random numbers as you want. 2. They collect randomness from various sources relating to the computer's operation and mix it together. Mouse movements, disk access times, network traffic, etc. This also isn't *true* randomness, but it's better than the above. But you can only get so much randomness this way, so you may need to wait for more or fallback to pseudorandom. 3. It uses a special piece of hardware called a [hardware random number generator]( URL_1 ). These devices use a physical source of randomness like thermal noise, shot noise, radioactive decay, [lava lamps]( URL_0 ), etc. This gives you *truly* random numbers, but you need to buy that extra hardware and again, they only produce a limited amount of random.


Question: How is there enough rainwater to keep aquifers recharged all the time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is there enough rainwater to keep aquifers recharged all the time?

If you’re near any sort of river or lake system, water will also filter in from there. However, in a lot of places, there’s major problems that there isn’t enough rain to refill the aquifers. Large sections of California are sinking by several inches a year because the aquifers are being depleted so quickly


Question: Why can't corporations keep the economy afloat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't corporations keep the economy afloat?

Most corporations are like most people. They buy everything on credit and then pay it back over overtime. If the economy collapses they have to cut costs like everyone just to survive. The annoying part is the people at the corporations making those decisions are not like most people they have a enough money to survive any economic downturn.


Question: Why do humans generally perceive themselves more attractive in the mirror rather than the front cameras of their phones?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do humans generally perceive themselves more attractive in the mirror rather than the front cameras of their phones?

It's the angle: we look straight on in a mirror whereas in photos /selfies the camera is usually angled showing lines, bulges, etc.


Question: Why are some TV shows only available in certain countries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some TV shows only available in certain countries?

After a show is made there will be various contracts with different TV stations to show it in various countries. Some stations in some countries might not want to show it for various reasons. Maybe it's too expensive or it doesn't fit their brand. Maybe another station has negotiated exclusive rights.


Question: Whats the nutritional difference between €0.79 and €2.99 avocado?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Whats the nutritional difference between €0.79 and €2.99 avocado?

Just like the nutritional difference from tap water and a bottle of water that costs $5, nothing.


Question: If the universe is 13.7 billion years old, how do we know that stars can be trillions on years old?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the universe is 13.7 billion years old, how do we know that stars can be trillions on years old?

Math. Basically, stars have a burn rate of their hydrogen that's pretty easy to calculate, given their luminosity and mass. From there, it's just a matter of extrapolating out. We have, of course, not observed any trillion-year-old stars, since they can't exist yet. But we can run the clock forward and predict that red dwarfs, say, will last that long.


Question: how can a spacecraft calculate its speed in space?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how can a spacecraft calculate its speed in space?

The answer is, it depends on your reference point. Speed, unlike acceleration, is relative. You can only know the speed of an object when you compare it something. On earth, we measure the speed of an object based on the surface of the earth, or stationary objects. In space, any object you point to is moving at a phenomenal speed, but depending on your frame of reference, only certain ones will appear to be moving, or will appear to be moving at totally different speeds. That's the cookie cutter response you'll see here regarding your question, and while it's correct it doesn't really answer you properly. You are asking "if a spacecraft, launched from earth and moving to another star, wants to determine it's speed, how would it do so?" first, depending on it's distance from earth, it could send a signal out and measure the time it took coming back. That would do it. Measuring the your speed compared to another stellar body wouldn't work, unless you already knew the speed of that stellar body when compared to earth. Another, sneaky method that would work even if you had no reference point, is to simply calculate your speed from the rate of acceleration your ship has. In your question, you talk about a solar sail propelled ship. A ship like that would have largely uniform acceleration, and most changes in acceleration could be accounted for. If you have an acceleration of 1 m/s^2 (or one metre per second increase, every second passed). Using the rate of acceleration, which you know, you can calculate the speed you are currently going.


Question: Why does the second hand on a clock freeze for the first second you glance at it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the second hand on a clock freeze for the first second you glance at it?

The way your brain perceives input from your eyes is actually adjusted when you move them. While your eyes are moving, things would seem blurry if your brain just took them as normal. Instead, the frames/images in the middle (during the movement) are all replaced by the last thing you see as you finish moving your eyes. The time stop effect is known as chronostasis. The thing your brain does to reduce motion blur by filling in the movement with the final image is called saccadic masking.


Question: What is the P vs NP problem and why is it such an important problem in Computer science?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the P vs NP problem and why is it such an important problem in Computer science?

If I asked you to guess my 4 digit PIN, it could take you up to 10000 tries (10⁴) to get it right. If I told you my PIN and asked you to check if it is correct, it would take you just one try. Go to an ATM and use my PIN and if it is correct, you have all my money. Either way, you know if my PIN is right or wrong after just one step. For computers the difference between 1 and 10000 tries isn't too big, but the important thing to note is that if I made my pin 1 digit longer, it takes 10 times more steps to find the correct PIN, but still the same number of steps to check it. P vs NP refers to problems that are "easy" to solve for a computer and problems that are "easy" to check for a computer. There are two possible conclusions to P vs NP: If P = NP, then any problem that can be checked easily can be solved almost as easily. If this is true, that means someone would be able to program a computer that could crack my PIN almost as fast as it could check whether my PIN is correct. This does not bode well for information security, encryption, etc. If P ≠ NP, then the above would be definitively proven to be impossible, and you can rest easy knowing that unless your password is hunter2, the Russians won't be able to get to it that easily. Although intuitively it seems as if P ≠ NP (and this is also the hypothesis of most experts), it has yet to be rigorously proven. Also, the problem is one of the millennium problems. So, if you can find one example where P ≠ NP, or show that all elements of P are in NP, you'll be getting a cool $1 million from the Clay Institute. However, if P = NP, don't expect that money to be safe for long.


Question: Mathematically, if you add an infinite sum of decreasing positive numbers, how in the world can you not reach infinity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Mathematically, if you add an infinite sum of decreasing positive numbers, how in the world can you not reach infinity?

> But since you are adding up an infinite number of positive numbers... Yeah, and each one is smaller and smaller than the last. If you do it in steps, each number you get is larger than the last, so you'll always get a bigger number after you add the next step. However, since you're adding a smaller and smaller amount each time, you'll *never* be able to pass a particular threshold. How could you ever get to "2" in that sequence of 1's? If you "reach" infinity, you would have to necessarily eventually stop at some number greater than 2, and yet, that's impossible.


Question: What is BMR, RMR and TDEE? How to use them to lose fat / gain muscle.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is BMR, RMR and TDEE? How to use them to lose fat / gain muscle.

* **BMR**: Basal Metabolic Rate. The amount of energy (Calories) you expend simply *existing*. * **RMR**: Resting Metabolic Rate. The amount of energy you expend at rest. RMR can be used to estimate BMR. * **TDEE**: Total Daily Caloric Expenditure. The amount of energy you expend in your day-to-day activities (i.e. specifically ***not*** exercising or training). These values are more nutritional than anything else. If you know how much energy you're burning without any kind of exercise, you can adjust your daily caloric intake to help you achieve your goal. When you exercise, you increase how many Calories you burn in a day, and thus if your BMR + TDEE ≈ 1,800 kcal, eating 1,800 kcal/day + daily aerobic exercise would result in a net loss, making you lose weight. OTOH, to *gain* weight (e.g. muscle mass), you'd eat at a surplus rather than a deficit alongside resistance training. Hope this (heavily-simplified) explanation helps! Source: ACSM EP-C. Most information taken from [this text]( URL_1 ) or [this text]( URL_0 ).


Question: Why do most credit and debit cards use Visa and MasterCard and what do Visa/MasterCard do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do most credit and debit cards use Visa and MasterCard and what do Visa/MasterCard do?

Visa and Mastercard are interchange networks. On the one side, they contract with merchants to allow them to accept card payments, and on the other side, they contract with banks to allow them to issue credit cards. Whenever an appropriate card is used at a merchant, the purchase gets sent to Visa or Mastercard, which contacts the issuing bank to confirm that the purchase should be allowed and then routes the money to the merchant's account. In short, they serve the classic middleman role: make it so that instead of hundreds of thousands of merchants having to have relationships with tens of thousands of banks, each of those just have to have a single relationship with the interchange network, and the network enables transactions between any combination of merchants and banks. Most credit cards use one of the two because the bigger the network, the more valuable it is, and those are the two biggest networks in many places. A card is only as good as the number of merchants that accept it, and merchants like to accept cards with lots of customers, so there's a virtuous cycle that makes it more valuable to join a large network than a small one, making the larger networks even larger.


Question: How do robots that are outside earth send pictures to the earth? Is it the same system that allows us to send messages or phonecall each other inside the earth? Is it very difficult to send and receive stuff to/from outer space?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do robots that are outside earth send pictures to the earth? Is it the same system that allows us to send messages or phonecall each other inside the earth? Is it very difficult to send and receive stuff to/from outer space?

They just use radio waves and broadcast the pictures, video, and information. Your cell phone does the same thing on other frequencies. Broadcast television works this way too. Radio in the car...etc.


Question: - Why do computer memory systems use 1024 not 1000?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why do computer memory systems use 1024 not 1000?

> Is it something to do with Base 8 Numbers (8/64/1024) not Base 10 (10/100/1000)? Almost there. Computers don't use base 8 they use binary, ones or zeroes. It is (2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256,512,1024) as you increase in binary digit places.


Question: In this age of computers and (near)instant processing, why do some things like standing orders, direct debits etc not get taken at weekends?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In this age of computers and (near)instant processing, why do some things like standing orders, direct debits etc not get taken at weekends?

Up until about 2005 the Bank of Queensland in Australia still used reel to reel tape for their nightly transfers. I shit you not. We are talking 1970's hardware like you see in an old bond movie. The only reason they changed to cassette tapes (single spool data tapes not audio) was because the vacuum tubes in the reel to reel tape machine (the size of a standard fridge) failed and when the tech opened up the spare parts box the spare vacuum tubes had gone brittle and were useless. They could have changed to cassette tape at anytime but if it's not broken why put the effort in.


Question: How is our drinking water different than normal water in nature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is our drinking water different than normal water in nature?

It's filtered and treated to remove dirt, bacteria and other contaminants. Water-borne diseases are very common in places without water treatment. Some water has fluoride added as that massively improves the health in your teeth. Some sources of water have that naturally.


Question: Why do sodas taste different if I get them from a restaurant or gas station soda machine than getting one in a bottle or can?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do sodas taste different if I get them from a restaurant or gas station soda machine than getting one in a bottle or can?

Bottled stuff is mixed at the factory using only filtered water and at the right ratio. It's their business to get those two things right so they check it constantly and adjust as needed. I believe they typically use reverse osmosis filtering and then add in salt to get the right flavor of water (Coca-Cola basically makes Dasani and only uses that water for soda). The machines at restaurants mix it using water they filtered (and maybe it's a cheap or worn out filter) and they may forget to adjust the ratios or do it wrong. Typically they serve with ice so they may even adjust it a little sweet so the ice waters it down just right, but then the flavor depends on the ice and temperature too. They both with use the same sryup, so if done right it should taste the same.


Question: So how do banks loan out more money than they have?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 So how do banks loan out more money than they have?

The quotes that you have are being taken wildly out of context. The way that banking works is: 1) You deposit money with the bank 2) The bank loans out ~90-95% of the money that you put in 3) The person who gets the loan from the bank buys something with that money 4) The person who the loan was used to buy from now has 90-95% of the cash that you originally deposited. This person deposits that money into a bank. 5) The cycle repeats. This does not allow the bank to loan out an infinite amount of money because each time you run this cycle the total amount of money available to loan out decreases by 5-10%. Under real world conditions this tends to result in there being between 3 - 4 times the amount of savings in a country than physical currency. Banking regulations also prevent banks from loaning money to themselves or other banks for the purpose of creating new "deposits" under this system. There is an philosophical debate about whether or not this system is creating money, but that debate is very much irrelevant to what you typically see on the internet. What you usually see on the internet is the quotes you cited being used by people who are pushing gold, cryptocurrency, or pyramid schemes trying to sell the idea that banks are evil and are creating virtual money as profit. They then usually go on to talk about how you can divorce yourself from the evil banks or insulate yourself from the inevitable collapse of the system by giving the seller/scammer your money. But banks are not creating infinite money and they are not creating profits for themselves. They're increasing the efficiency of money in a tightly regulated system. And again, the vast majority of people who are even talking about this kind of stuff on the internet are only doing so because they're pushing either a borderline scam or an outright scam and think that they're going to lure you in with those quotes.


Question: What is equity and how is it different from equality?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is equity and how is it different from equality?

Equality is everybody gets the same, whether it's the right amount, too much, or not enough. Equality might be something like everybody gets fined $100 for speeding. But for the unemployed person racing to get to an interview on time, $100 is a HUGE financial burden. For a middle class person, it's not fun to lose $100 but not life changing. And for a millionaire, it's not even pocket change so they'll drive fast for fun and view tickets as an expense like filling up with gas is. So a system looking for equity might charge people a % of income, ie. an unemployed person getting unemployment might pay $10, a middle class person pays $100, and a wealthy person pays $10,000. Then their financial burden is more consistent relative to wealth.


Question: when muscles get stronger they grow. How do our lungs get stronger if you go for a long run?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when muscles get stronger they grow. How do our lungs get stronger if you go for a long run?

Your lungs aren't actually a muscle. They themselves can't get stronger, because they're not the thing providing the power to breathe. You breathe with a muscle called your *diaphragm*. It's a sheet of muscle that separates your chest from your belly. When it contracts, it moves downwards. This increases the pressure in your belly and decreases the pressure in your chest. As the pressure in your chest decreases, air rushes in from your nose/mouth and inflates your lungs, like two little balloons. To breathe out, the diaphragm relaxes, moving back upwards. This increases the pressure in your chest again, squeezing the air out of your lungs back up your windpipe and out your mouth/nose. Your lungs never actually do any work; they only ever "get inflated" and "get deflated". When you go for a long run, you're strengthening your diaphragm.


Question: What actually happens when your ear starts to ring randomly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What actually happens when your ear starts to ring randomly?

The phenomenon you are describing is called sudden brief unilateral tapering tinnitus (Yes it is called SBUTT for short) and the cause is unknown. There are some theories according to this article [What Is This God-Awful Ringing in My Ears?]( URL_0 ) > But what causes these phantom sounds? No one knows for sure, but there are a few theories. One involves the small muscles that attach to the three bones in the ear. These bones conduct sound vibrations, which get transferred into the inner ear and converted into neural impulses to the brain; the nearby muscles can help dampen sounds that are too loud, Dr. Jethanamest says. It’s possible that if one of those muscles spasms — kind of like an eyelid twitch — it could pull tightly, making your ear feel “full” and blocking external sounds. You hear a high-pitched sound, and then the spasm stops. > Another theory involves misfiring neurons of the small sensory cells in the inner ear, known as hair cells. These cells move in reaction to sound waves, which trigger the release of electrical signals to your brain, which it interprets as sound. If one part of this production line is messed up, you might hear something weird. “Maybe there’s just some slight change for half a second and some of those firings are a little bit off or changed a little bit in the neural activity, and that’s what creates that one-second thing that you hear or you feel,” Dr. Jethanamest says.


Question: How are flammable cosmetic and medical items like cotton balls and band aids sterilized?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are flammable cosmetic and medical items like cotton balls and band aids sterilized?

Often times, they're formed sterile. If not, they're chemically treated. Plastics are usually sterile when first produced due to the nasty chemicals involved, and cleaned after manufacture. They are also heated up quite hot when molded. This isn't fire-hot, but it is often still hot enough to kill bacteria. Anything that needs it can be easily washed in alcohol, but many items can be heated to 100-150C which will not burn them but will sterilize.


Question: What happens if you pour boiling water on a fire?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens if you pour boiling water on a fire?

It should help put the fire out. Will it help less than cold water? Yeah, a bit less. It won't cool the burning material quite as much, and it'll vaporize a bit more readily. But I don't think you'd notice the difference, 99% of the time, as long as you don't get any boiling water on yourself.


Question: Why do cameras lose focus on certain objects? Can current technology make it so that losing focus is no longer a thing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do cameras lose focus on certain objects? Can current technology make it so that losing focus is no longer a thing?

There's a number of different methods cameras use to focus, including manual, and you haven't specified which. The general answer for automatic focus is that the camera doesn't know what thing in the frame you want to focus on. It has to figure out on its own what is supposed to be the object of focus and what's in front of and behind that object. If you have one person standing far away and another closer, which one are you trying to take the picture of? The camera doesn't know, so it tries its best to pick the one most likely. This stems from the fact that there is a limitation on how much stuff a camera can focus on at once. This is called "depth of field", which means the range of distance from the lens where objects will be in focus. The size of the depth of field depends on things like how long the focal length of the lens is and the size of the aperture on the camera, which is the little metal iris behind the lens. You can get a larger depth of field by making the aperture smaller, but it lets less light through, which can be a problem in low light environments. Basically, everything on a camera is a trade-off, and even the smartest chip in the best digital camera can't always make the same choice about what settings to use as a human might want.


Question: How can some "infinites" be bigger than others? Doesn't that contradict the very definition of "infinite"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can some "infinites" be bigger than others? Doesn't that contradict the very definition of "infinite"?

Great minds think alike. I've sailed far and returned ta port with this booty. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [Are some infinities bigger than others? ]( URL_4 ) ^(_27 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Are there bigger "infinites" than others? ]( URL_5 ) ^(_9 comments_) 1. [ELI5: how can some infinities be larger than others? ]( URL_0 ) ^(_14 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How are some infinities larger than others? ]( URL_2 ) ^(_15 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Infinity ]( URL_1 ) ^(_23 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How is it possible that there are MORE real numbers than integers if both are infinite? How can infinity > infinity? ]( URL_3 ) ^(_23 comments_)


Question: How does the body neutralize the spicy flavor of foods in your mouth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the body neutralize the spicy flavor of foods in your mouth?

By rinsing away the capsaicin using saliva. When the capsaicin no longer is present, it no longer stimulates the heat receptors, so the spiciness no longer persists.


Question: What is radiation and why is it bad for you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is radiation and why is it bad for you?

Radiation is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles. Light and heat for instance are radiation. Some radiation like light, heat, wifi signals etc, is harmless. (In moderation of course). While exposure to higher energy EM radiation like X-rays and Gamma Rays can damage your cells and DNA. This is referred to as non-ionizing radiation. The kind of radiation that people immediately think of as dangerous is ionizing radiation. Which comes from the decay of radioactive materials. As radioactive isotopes decay they release particles. These particles can collide with the molecules that make up your body, damaging your cells and DNA. In small amounts they can be relatively harmless, but increasing amounts can cause diseases like Cancer, or just cause so much damage as to be lethal.


Question: Why is special relativity still valid if it doesn't include gravity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is special relativity still valid if it doesn't include gravity?

The Theory of General Relativity generalizes the results of Special Relativity to curved spacetime. Thus, the limitations of special relativity can be overcome – when needed – by using General Relativity. That is, Special Relativity is the limit of General Relativity for flat spacetime. In many cases, however, such as when doing particle physics on Earth , gravity is negligible. Therefore Special Relativity is still useful.


Question: why after getting off a boat do I still feel like I'm rocking side to side?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why after getting off a boat do I still feel like I'm rocking side to side?

Your vestibular system has become adjusted to the idea of constant motion being normal. Once you are back on land, your brain expects to encounter motion but it does not. There is, essentially, a mismatch between what the brain thinks is ‘right’ and how the world actually orients. For most people the problem corrects itself very quickly.


Question: Why does soda sometimes seem to freeze *after* I take it out of the freezer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does soda sometimes seem to freeze *after* I take it out of the freezer?

There's kind of 2 parts to it. 1. You can supercool the liquid inside, which brings it below its normal freezing temperature, but ice crystals can't really form out of nowhere. They need a nucleation point, which is some irregularity that allows the crystals to start from, then new ice crystals can form from those crystal and create a chain reaction to build the lattice structure of ice. The nucleation site can be as simple as a bubble that forms when the container is moved. 2. Specifically for carbonated beverages, when you open it and release the pressure, CO2 is released from the liquid. When you dissolve stuff in water, you lower the freezing point (i.e. it has to be colder than 32F or 0C to freeze - this is why they salt icy roads). So the water with the carbonation has a lower freezing point, but when you release the CO2 from the solution it becomes closer to normal water, which raises the freezing point back closer to 32F/0C.


Question: Where does all of Jeff Bezos money exist?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does all of Jeff Bezos money exist?

Yes, it’s *sort of* theoretical money. If he needed to write a check for 160 billion, he could not do so. With that said, people will definitely pay a certain amount of money for Amazon stock. We know this because people buy and sell it thousands of times every day. It would very easy for him to sell a lot of Amazon stock and get a lot of money in return. The prices can fluctuate but there is no foreseeable reason that his stock would suddenly be worth *nothing*, it has real value and it really is possible to sell it for cash. It would be less profitable (and maybe not possible) for him to sell *all* of his Amazon stock at the same time, because there are only so many people interested in buying it quickly— especially at a high price. So if he wanted to write a check for 160 billion in a week, he still couldn’t. But over time, especially spending money a little bit at a time like most people (even billionaires) do, he does have *access* to a total of $160 billion (or whatever the exact number is) because he really can sell that stock, in exchange for money.


Question: how do "big" numbers work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do "big" numbers work?

You don't "discover" any random big number. Numbers are infinite, you can always add 1 and get a bigger number. You haven't "discovered" anything, mathematicians figured all that stuff out a long time ago. What makes Graham's Number odd, and other numbers, like it, is that they have particular meanings. They're the answer to a question, not a random number. One definition is "a specific positive integer used in a proof". Graham's Number is an upper bound (at the time) of the possible solutions to a particular problem he was working on. It's trivially easy to compute numbers larger than Graham's Number, but it's pretty unusual to have them mean anything.


Question: How does Alexa work so quickly and accurately when it supposedly isn't listening-in at all times?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Alexa work so quickly and accurately when it supposedly isn't listening-in at all times?

Funny you should ask this. My kid turned off Alexa’s mic(so now she can’t hear us) I asked her too do 3 things in a row with no response... she said, just so you know my mic is off. She is always listening


Question: Why is the sea rising selectively in various parts of the world?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the sea rising selectively in various parts of the world?

The article says "less than 9 inches". The document the article linked to said it was rising at about 3.4mm/yr. I found other sources reporting around 3mm/yr in both India and China. Specific regional differences could be due to vertical land motion and the different gravitational pulls of the surrounding land on the coast. But there is noticable sea level rise elsewhere.


Question: Why are all circuitboards green? Motherboards, random stuff around, laptops, graphic cards, etc.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are all circuitboards green? Motherboards, random stuff around, laptops, graphic cards, etc.

Mostly a combination of things. The earliest phenolic boards (some paper cured with resin, a very early plastic composite material) were an ugly brown-maroon color for decades. Green PCBs came around when we started to use fiberglass instead of paper as the substrate for the board. We also moved away from phenolic resins toward newer materials that were being developed. -One of the better resins was a 2-part epoxy that cured green. -In addition to this, the US Military required that electronics be on green PCBs (for whatever reasons they'd justified at the time) -Probably the most clinching detail is that green is the easiest "backdrop" color. Human eyes have evolved to be able to notice all manner of fruits, vegetables, animals, and predators on a backdrop of green (grass, leaves), so it's no trouble to the brain to be able to pick out labels, components, and whatnot from the green background These days, boards can be made from fiberglass, plastic, composite materials, and some have up to ten layers inside a single PCB. Similarly, color choices are basically unlimited, with black and red becoming popular choices in addition to the classic green


Question: Why can't we just taste candy or Sweets and then spit it out to avoid its unhealthy attributes? What makes us swallow it to get satisfaction?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't we just taste candy or Sweets and then spit it out to avoid its unhealthy attributes? What makes us swallow it to get satisfaction?

You absolutely could. But the fact is that evolution shaped our tastes. That's why fatty foods and sweet foods are so appealing to out taste buds. It is our bodies way of saying "That has lots of calories and will help us avoid starving." The 'satisfaction' you feel on swallowing it is simply the body saying "Good job. Remember that tastes good so we will eat it again if we find it again." Rewarding you for fueling it. You can see why this system that evolved when we were hunter gatherers to keep us from starving and helping us learn whats best to eat leads to obesity now that we have food options everywhere anytime we want. Fun fact: Most people mistake the bodies thirst craving for being hungry. More often than not if you drink a glass of water when you feel the urge to snack it will go away. Thus helping you lose weight by reducing total calorie intake.


Question: Why do phone screens, with high pixel density and resolution, look far less impressive and crisp as a Monitor or TV with the same ~4k resolution?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do phone screens, with high pixel density and resolution, look far less impressive and crisp as a Monitor or TV with the same ~4k resolution?

For the most part, I think phone screens are generally only at 2k resolution right now. There are rumors of 4k screens coming soon, but that is one large difference. Some of it may also depend on what kind of phone screen it is (AMOLED, LCD, IPS) as well as your brightness setting. Size is another factor. The pixel density is better on a phone, but if the screen size is too small, you won't notice the fine lines on a person's forehead as well just because they are smaller.


Question: why is the tower of babel so widely translated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is the tower of babel so widely translated?

Because it's part of The Old Testament and the abrahamic religions (judaism, christianity and islam) are widely followed all over the world.


Question: What was the decision behind parts of Mali's border being such perfect straight lines?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What was the decision behind parts of Mali's border being such perfect straight lines?

Have you looked at a map of the united states? Not only North and south western parts of the borders are straight lines (or combinations of straight lines), look at the states themselves! This happens when you partition land that is mainly inhabited or where the inhabitants don't care/aren't aware is the partition. If nations care a lot, borders will be very irregular because they will be fighting for each piece of land, as happened in Europe for centuries, but if nobody is there to complain... When Africa was partitioned, that was the easy way to go. They didn't care about the interests of the different tribes, nor explained why it matters.


Question: What is blood pressure and how is measured? Every time my blood pressure is taken they say it’s good but I couldn’t tell from looking at the numbers

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is blood pressure and how is measured? Every time my blood pressure is taken they say it’s good but I couldn’t tell from looking at the numbers

It's the pressure (like water pressure) of the blood circulating through your body. The first number is at the beat (pump) and so higher, the second at the rest. 120/70 is good. Anything higher than that is going to make many doctors unhappy. Higher in terms of what is good/what requires treatment varies from time to time based on recommendations and the preferences of individual doctors. For example: medication intervention has sometimes been recommended at the 140 and 130 level. About three years ago it was raised to 150 but I believe it's back down again. I don't think there's a doctor around who's going to say that 140-150 is "good" even if he doesn't prescribe medication. He's going to talk about lifestyle changes at a minimum. Even 130-140 you may be told it's "OK" but probably not "good."


Question: Why do so many games start with “Press [Button] to start?”

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do so many games start with “Press [Button] to start?”

Well to think of it another way, you don't want the game to start suddenly. The push button to start phrase goes back to the days of arcades. In am arcade, if the game started when you added money, then the second player would have to join once the game had already begun. So by waiting for a start button, it allowed multiple player games to start at the same time for everybody.


Question: Why are things more prone to breaking when changing temperature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are things more prone to breaking when changing temperature?

In essence, all materials either expand or contract when they change temperature. Mostly they expand upon heating and contract upon cooling, but there are exceptions to this rule. If a material is rapidly heated or cooled, it will expand or contract rapidly, which reduces their integrity and causes them to break.


Question: Why are the separate detergents for front-load and top-load washing machines?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are the separate detergents for front-load and top-load washing machines?

The two different types of machines use different amounts of water. So, the detergent needs to be tuned for the expected water/detergent ratio in order to work optimally.


Question: How do wealthy people utilize shell companies/corporations to avoid paying taxes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do wealthy people utilize shell companies/corporations to avoid paying taxes?

I run Bob's Lemonade Stand Inc. in the U.S. and I'm sole owner of the company. I'm subjected to 25% tax rate on profits, so my $1000 in profits mean $250 in taxes. (simplifying with a single tax rate, but in reality there are marginal rates meaning you only pay that top % on some of profits or income, not all). Now, I set up Bob's Lemonade Brand Holding LLC in a country with 5% taxes. I transfer the Bob's Lemonade brand, logo, recipe to this holding company. Bob's Lemonade Brand Holding LLC charges Bob's Lemonade Stand Inc. $800/yr in royalties for use of the brand and recipe. Bob's Lemonade Stand Inc. now only pays tax on $200 in profits, or $50. And Bob's Lemonade Brand Holding LLC pays $40 on the $800 in royalties profits it receives. Now, instead of $250 in taxes, I have only paid $90 in taxes.


Question: What is the difference between sleet and snow?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between sleet and snow?

Snow basically is what happens when water vapor consolidates in freezing conditions. It freezes into light and fluffy crystals. Sleet is rain that freezes a bit on it's way down; it usually hits the ground and freezes into a layer of ice, not a layer of snow.


Question: Why does it take longer to dry off after a hot shower than it does after taking a cold one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it take longer to dry off after a hot shower than it does after taking a cold one?

You sweat from the heat. Even though you dry yourself off you're still sweating due to high body temperature causing you to remain wet or damp until your body temperature cools enough to stop sweating.


Question: How can water boil below 100°C?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can water boil below 100°C?

Even at 1atm of pressure and below 100C, water exists at an equilibrium between a liquid phase and a vapor phase. So while it is not boiling, water still will evaporates or condense until the equilibrium is achieved. For further reading, check out [Wikipedia's page on vapor pressure]( URL_0 )


Question: How are we able to tell the difference between sounds comming from behind or in front?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are we able to tell the difference between sounds comming from behind or in front?

Sounds from in front sound clear and direct. From behind they are muffled (reflecting off more surfaces to come from in front, or absorbed and muffled through your body. This indirect/muffled effect is subtle, but it can be simulated to create forward/rear effect when listening to headphones!


Question: With allergies, why is it that no matter how often you blow your nose, there always seems to be more a minute later?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 With allergies, why is it that no matter how often you blow your nose, there always seems to be more a minute later?

Its not snot. Your nose is full because your sinus tissues are swollen. Swollen to the point of being shut. It just feels like they are full of snot, so when you blow your knows a little snot comes out, but your sinus tissues just quickly close in on themselves again.


Question: Why does your eyesight deteriorate at different levels? How is it that you need higher grade lenses or have a higher level of astigmatism for one eye when you don't normally use it more than the other?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does your eyesight deteriorate at different levels? How is it that you need higher grade lenses or have a higher level of astigmatism for one eye when you don't normally use it more than the other?

Your issue here seems to be that you think nearsightedness/farsightedness naturally come from age. What happens often is that many people's eyes tend to grow either too long or too short, which leads to near/farsightedness. This is not deterioration per sé; it is more like deformity. Your body simply grows the wrong way. The same goes for astigmatism and such. It is not caused by wear and tear. |||| Now, your eyes certainly *can* deteriorate. One example of this is that they become less able to focus in general; this means you get the worst of both near and farsightedness, and this is why bifocals exist. Another form of deterioration is cataracts, where the lenses of your eyes blur. The former comes from muscular strain, and the latter often comes from lens damage in your eye. These are often symmetrical and impact both eyes, as they *do* come from wear and tear. They are, however, usually not perfectly symmetrical as there is still plenty of randomness involved.


Question: Why is joint pain worse when it rains?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is joint pain worse when it rains?

Rain is accompanied with a decrease in barometric pressure, and larger storms are accompanied by a very rapid decrease in pressure. This pressure change means less pressure against your body, so your soft tissue expands a little bit, causing the same pain that inflammation causes on your sensitive joints. It's also how older folks seem to be able to predict storms/rain by gauging their arthritis pain. The phrase "My knee's acting up, must be a storm comin'" is fairly accurate.


Question: What's the physics behind this machine at work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the physics behind this machine at work?

This is called a vibratory bowl feeder and basically it is vibrating in a specific direction, basically pushing the objects in the right direction: > Properly tuned, a feeder will vibrate properly but, by itself, vibration will do little more than make the parts bounce around. In order to make the parts move, the vibration must be focused in the desired direction. This is done by mounting the springs on an angle rather than vertically. As the feeder bowl rotates back and forth on its springs the angle causes it to move vertically as well. As it moves forward and up, friction pushes the part forward. As it moves back and down, the part falls vertically. This sawtooth motion can move parts gently at astonishing speeds. [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 )