Question: If I have a large sum of money sitting in a checking account, then why would bankers from the same institution encourage me to invest the funds? Doesn’t the bank make more money off of my funds if I’m completely hands off?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If I have a large sum of money sitting in a checking account, then why would bankers from the same institution encourage me to invest the funds? Doesn’t the bank make more money off of my funds if I’m completely hands off?

They do, but if you invest then you have the potential to be putting in even more money. They're looking at it long-term, you'd be putting in more money over time from investments rather than one lump sum.


Question: Why in a math problem we need to solve the multiplications and divisions before adding or subtracting?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why in a math problem we need to solve the multiplications and divisions before adding or subtracting?

Because the order that you do the process changes the result so there needs to be a standard method in order for the same result to be achieved.


Question: If a fire turns blue/colorless when enough oxygen is present, then why are campfires yellow/orange?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a fire turns blue/colorless when enough oxygen is present, then why are campfires yellow/orange?

Fire is dangerous, especially for a five year old. But you can definitely be my helper and I'll teach you how to build a big, safe fire that makes blue or white flames. It's entirely possible to get blue flame in a campfire, it'll just be lower down, near the coal bed and the fuel. Fuel is the word I'm going to use when I'm talking about the wood we're going to burn, because it's important to remember that any wood near a fire can catch on fire. If we build a campfire with a good structure that permits plenty of airflow and and promotes the flow of the burning fuel up through the center, it creates a "jet" that pulls air into the bottom and lets the fire travel out the top. There's tons of ways to skin that cat, though. **Let's talk about the first part of building a fire, and that's safety. Always be sure to have a big bucket of water near your fire with access to more water nearby. Also, only build campfires inside of fire rings. This can either be a ring of stones stacked up or a big metal donut. Also, be sure to build your fire in a spot where your fire has 30-40 feet of air above it. Your fire will have a big invisible column of heat coming straight off of the top of it, and it is incredibly hot. That's called your updraft, and it can easily light tree branches overhead on fire; it can melt plastic and ignite even the heartiest lumber.** **Be sure to have some heavy leather gloves nearby, as well as a solid fire poker. Your fire poker can be metal, or you can make one by taking a sturdy piece of wood that's about 4-5 feet long and putting in your bucket of water, then into your coal bed, then back into the bucket, and into your coal bed, over and over until the lower end of it becomes blackened and soggy. You should be able to wrangle fuel around with it without the poker catching on fire. Just be sure to keep doing the heat and quench steps to keep your stick fire resistant.** **And last but not least, only one person is in charge of the fire. You can call him the 'fire marshal' and that person should be the only one that every puts anything into or takes anything out of the fire. The fire marshal is a big responsibility, especially because you can't leave the fire until it is put out. That means even if your friends go to have fun somewhere else or go to sleep, you have to stay with the fire until you put it out.** My preferred way when camping where you have a proper fire ring, access to plenty of water, and lots of fuel (think small bonfire versus campfire) is to build a four-legged teepee out of dry, stout timbers of a half-arm length with a stone under each leg to raise it up and stabilize it a bit. Centered beneath that structure, build a standard tinder- > kindling- > small diameter fuel teepee fire, starting with the tinder inside of a kindling teepee and then adding the small fuel wood to the outside after the kindling gets started. You'll need to leave space to feed more kindling in so that you can get everything rolling. Keep feeding this until you can start to feed it more small fuel. You do that by laying the small fuel along the outside of the existing teepee. Eventually this will become a pretty happy little fire and this can continue to to be fed increasingly larger diameter fuel. This is the big teepee from above: Key: o - stone = or || - wood fuel o || o== ==o || o The smaller fire is on the ground directly under the point where all four legs meet. This fire will eventually become the start of your coal bed as the most volatile parts of the fuel burn away and leave behind longer burning stuff. There should be plenty of room for air in all directions and the fire should still be centered beneath your larger teepee. The larger teepee, for its part, will most likely star to char along the 'inside' (the parts of the fuel facing your smaller fire). What you've created is a very hot spot on the ground with a pretty hot housing directly above it, which creates an updraft and a boost to that updraft. Picture this updraft like a geyser or the bottom of a lava lamp. The hot air rises up quickly and is carried away and cool air rushes into the hottest spot to be heated up and carried away. The fire builder/marshal should only be able to hold a leather or other fire-resistant gloved hand 3-4 feet above your larger teepee for a few seconds at this point. That heat is your updraft. If you're exercising proper fire safety, there's someone who is actually responsible for the fire tending it and no one else is goofing with it. In that case, the 'marshal' can start placing a ring of larger fuel inside the fire ring, but spaced a bit away from the stone bases of the teepee. This is mostly to dry out any surface wetness and get it ready to add to the fire. Your larger teepee should start burning proper before too long. Once any of the four members start to burn, add another similar piece of fuel to the larger teepee in one of the diagonal opposite spaces from that burning piece. Key: o - stone = or || - wood fuel o || < --- burning o== ==o * || * < --add wood here o Keep this process up; once a member starts burning in earnest, reinforce your teepee by adding more fuel across from it. Be sure to leave space for the coal bed to get air between the legs. You want to try very hard to maintain the teepee shape. You should get blue/white flame on the coal bed and very bright yellow flames from all of your fuel. This is already really long, but another good option is to use large half-arm to 3/4-arm length pieces of fuel to build a four-walled "lincoln log" structure that's 3-4 pieces of fuel tall on top of four corner stones. Then, inside of the of that structure, build the above mentioned teepee starter. The inside of the lincoln log structure will char and begin to burn burn from the bottom to the top, and the air will flow freely underneath and through your walls and travel up through the center of the structure. Then, in order to add fuel, just put fresh wood on top of the wall in oppsoing pairs or four at a time. It's not as stable as the teepee when it starts to really get burning, but it looks really cool and can be built up quite tall. Just not any taller than would fall out of the fire ring were it to collapse and tip over. **When you're done enjoying your fire, the fire marshal should use the fire poker to collapse the fire into a big pile and then carefully pour the bucket of water slowly into the inside and bottom of the fire. It'll sizzle and hiss for a surprisingly long time. You may have to do this with two or three bucketfuls of water. Use your fire poker to stir the coal bed and the fuel around until it stop smoking, steaming, or making any sounds. The very last step is to take your hand out of your glove and put it down very close to the fire. Move your hand around and make sure you don't feel any heat. Once you're certain that it's all cold, you can even try touching some of the larger pieces of left over fuel. Everything should be 'cold' to the touch. Never leave a fire unattended; always make it cold-out before you leave your fire ring.** TL;DR: Build your campfire so that air is drawn to the bottom by high heat and channeled upwards unrestricted and you should get blue/white flame on your coal bed.


Question: why do modern clothes still need us to seperate colours from whites in the washing machine?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do modern clothes still need us to seperate colours from whites in the washing machine?

Modern clothes don’t always need us to separate colors. I have never done this and my white clothes look fine. It depends on the brands and materials of the clothes, the washing machine, the detergent, and the water temperature.


Question: How do seasonal allergy pills(Claritin, Zyrtec, etc) work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do seasonal allergy pills(Claritin, Zyrtec, etc) work?

Physician. When your body encounters a foreign protein, such as house dust mite, it produces an internal reaction. This reaction produces a chemic called histamine. Histamine produces all of the nasty allergic effects you notice: runny nose, eyes and itching. Second- generation allergy pills (aka antihistamines) block the histamine chemical from it's binding sites at the nose etc and stop all those nasty side effects.


Question: What is 'high-pressure' and 'low-pressure' in weather and how do they form?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is 'high-pressure' and 'low-pressure' in weather and how do they form?

Not a meteorologist but my understanding is that there are currents of airflow the go around the world. Mostly caused by heating and cooling of the atmosphere from the sun. As these pockets of air move around the run into each other and move away from each other. This causes high low pressure areas.. because water vapor is heavier than air itself it tends to collect in low pressure zones. As more water vapor collects it starts to form clouds and eventually rain..


Question: Why does 24 FPS look fine for films and television, but looks terrible for video games?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does 24 FPS look fine for films and television, but looks terrible for video games?

Movie frames are formed by a camera with an aperture being open for a period of time. This means there is “motion blur” as things move across the frame while the shutter is open. In contrast the computer is calculating a single instant in time. There is no movement so everything is crisp and clear, but on the other hand changes between each frame are somewhat more abrupt than merging the ends of a blurred object’s path. So the lower frame rate actually has frames with more information in them as they capture a period of time, albeit blurred, while the computer’s frames are crisp snapshots without any movement information.


Question: Why is soap at stores and schools more often pink, why not any other color?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is soap at stores and schools more often pink, why not any other color?

The cheapest industrial supply soap from the most common suppliers is pink.


Question: What makes stainless steel “stainless”?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes stainless steel “stainless”?

"Stainless" steel has a high chromium content. The chromium forms an oxide coating which makes it less susceptible to corrosion and chemical reaction than carbon steel.


Question: Why is it recommended to guess the same letter when running out of time during a multiple choice test?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it recommended to guess the same letter when running out of time during a multiple choice test?

On a twenty question test, suppose you've answered 16 of the questions the best you can, but have no clue on the last four--you can't eliminate a *single* answer. For each individual question, an answer has a 25% chance of being right, so if you pick B, 1/4 times you'll be correct. The formula for looking at multiple questions will be > p(r) = nCr * p^r * q^(n-r) where > r=# of questions > nCr=# needed correct (which can be 1, 2, 3, or 4), or n! / r!(n-r)! > p is probability of getting an answer correct, .25 > q is probability of getting an answer incorrect, .75 So the probability of getting **all four** correct is 0.00390625 - or, low. The probability of getting **one or more** right is 0.68359375, or, pretty good. The likelihood of getting all four answers wrong is (3/4)^4 = 0.31640625 (alternatively, 1-0.68359375) Looking at the specifics of your question, it comes from most tests not being truly random. A handwritten test with human selected answers will not be random, which is where things like 'guess C always' come from. A computer generated test will be random, and because each question is independent from another, it doesn't really matter what answer you pick.


Question: Why do foods like rice, pasta, or beans take minutes to soak up water when it's hot, but hours upon hours if the water is cold?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do foods like rice, pasta, or beans take minutes to soak up water when it's hot, but hours upon hours if the water is cold?

Here's an old thread that explains it URL_0 Tldr: starches have a structure that don't allow the absorption of water. Heat breaks down the structure, allowing water to be absorbed faster


Question: Why can’t humans replace their brain storage with computing power?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can’t humans replace their brain storage with computing power?

We can - for example, you could use a reminder app on your phone to supplement your memory. We don’t have the technology for a direct computer-brain interface right now, but by using the Brian interfaces we already have (eyes, ears, fingers, etc.) we really do use computers to assist our brain storage.


Question: Why can't the United States fix its outdated infrastructure?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't the United States fix its outdated infrastructure?

Right-wing ideology in the United States generally opposes public spending on anything other than the military, spying, law enforcement, and prisons. It opposes public works programs precisely because of the benefits you identify, which are considered "bad" things in a plutocratic ideological framework.


Question: What is the Pygmalion effect?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the Pygmalion effect?

From my understanding (which is very little), it refers to your expectations on someone’s performance. If you have the expectation that someone will complete a task poorly, their performance will decrease. Whereas when you have the expectation that someone will do well, you might treat them differently, discuss the project with more enthusiasm, and act positive about it, it will lead to an increase in performance.


Question: How is our orbit of the sun so stable? Will we ever fall into the sun?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is our orbit of the sun so stable? Will we ever fall into the sun?

Technically yes, we are slowing down. Space after all is not absolutely empty, there is stuff to slow us down out there - just very little of it. However, the amount we are slowing down is so infinitesimally small that the Sun will expand and consume the Earth long before we would notice any change in orbit. In order to hit the Sun we would need to slow down by tens of thousands of mph.


Question: How does split screen in video games take more processing power?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does split screen in video games take more processing power?

The game is processing two instances of itself on one graphics interface. It's constantly updating the visual range of each player to their movements and changing the picture to match, but twice. Or four times. However many players there are. It's like running the graphics of the game multiple times at once.


Question: Why are AM towers so dangerous?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are AM towers so dangerous?

Yes. AM radio stations broadcast on such long wavelengths that they normally use "hot tower" set ups where the tower is insulated from the ground and then the whole tower is fed from the feedline. Broadcast AM power levels range anywhere from 1 kilowatt to 50 kilowatts and higher.


Question: Why are refrigerator doors harder to open when they’ve just been closed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are refrigerator doors harder to open when they’ve just been closed?

When the door is closed, the air inside cools. Air expands with heat and contracts when cooled. The fridge door is not a perfect airtight seal. So the air pressure inside and outside will eventually equalize (as the air inside cools, warm air will slowly leak in and balance the pressure). So the first time you open the door, the inside and outside are at equal pressure (despite being different temperatures), and it's easy to open the door. When you open the door, all of the cold air "falls" out the bottom of the door (cool air being more dense, and therefore heavier, than warm air). This is replaced by warm air entering near the top of the door. When you close the door, you now have a mass of warm air in contact with the walls of the fridge and the items in the fridge. This causes a rapid cooling of the air, which makes it condense, which creates a vacuum inside the fridge. If you open it again soon enough, you must fight this negative pressure sucking the door closed. If you wait long enough, the door seals will leak enough air in to allow the pressure to equalize, and it becomes easier to open again.


Question: - Why do people say you can live without food for two weeks, but my stomach hurts after ten hours?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why do people say you can live without food for two weeks, but my stomach hurts after ten hours?

Because your body wants to eat regularly. Eating regularly is best for you and your health. Your body also has methods to store nutrients for when you don't eat because it's better to be prepared for emergencies. Doing this isn't ideal as you can run into vitamin deficiency problems and sometimes your body has to break down useful stuff (like muscles) to keep you running. In a worst case scenario it starts shutting down parts of you to lower energy required. This means that while you can go for longer periods of time without eating your body still encourages you not to do it. Your body encourages you by making you feel hungry or causing that stomach pain you're referring to. The more hungry you are the more your body is going to get you to try and eat because it knows not eating for that long is bad. Bad, not impossible.


Question: What are subjective morality and objective morality? What's the difference?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are subjective morality and objective morality? What's the difference?

Objective morality is the idea that there is a correct answer and response to every moral issue. Subjective morality is the idea that different people can have different answers to the same moral issue and it is possible for them all to be right, or at least not wrong.


Question: If credit unions serve members and banks serve shareholders, why aren't credit unions more popular than banks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If credit unions serve members and banks serve shareholders, why aren't credit unions more popular than banks?

Up until recently national banks had far greater perks to being a member than credit unions could ever hope for. You mention banks all over the country, but it goes beyond that. Bank of America has agreements with national banks in other countries. If you were in Germany in 1995, as Bank of America member you could pull cash out of ATM's inside Germany and be on your way. Credit Union members would have to bring cash, travelers checks, or attempt to get their credit union to try to wire money to Germany for a heafty fee. In other words they were basically cut off from their bank account anytime they left the country while Bank of America customers weren't. In modern times credit unions have mostly alleviated this problem with their collaboration in establishing the co-op network. Last decade banks again pulled ahead with the emergence of online bank features, and later cell phone applications. However credit unions have started to close the gap here as well.


Question: What underlying assumptions does math make?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What underlying assumptions does math make?

The [standard axioms]( URL_0 ) are too complicated for any ELI5 answer. Not all mathematicians start from this point, but many do. You may also like to read about the [necessity]( URL_1 ) of unprovable statements in mathematics.


Question: Why is do instructions always tell me to heat the oven up less for my fan oven?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is do instructions always tell me to heat the oven up less for my fan oven?

So, there are two different things - heat transfer and temperature. Your food cooks depending on how much heat you transfer into it, not the temperature. If you put a big hunk of 4C food into a 200C oven, you will end up with a pocket of cool air surrounding the food. Air will naturally circulate, so it will eventually cook... but it will cook faster if you keep the air moving, so that pocket of air doesn't sit around the food. So you can do the temperature a little lower with the fan on.


Question: Why does a shower makes you feel good and how is it helpful when you’re ill?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a shower makes you feel good and how is it helpful when you’re ill?

Steam. Helps with breathing as it opens up your airways. Heat of hot water relaxes muscles.


Question: Why is frost able to form at temperatures warmer than 32 degrees?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is frost able to form at temperatures warmer than 32 degrees?

The air temperature itself may be warmer than 0°C however at night, objects may be able to cool slightly below freezing due to radiating heat energy out to space. The reason the air temperature might be above 0°C is that the ground absorbs thermal energy during the day. At night most of the ground may not cool below freezing, lacking sufficient time to shed heat. Note that as little as 8cm underground, the temperature tends to stay relatively constant, day or night and it's average temperature only changes with the seasons. More than about 2m underground the temperature tends to stay nearly constant year round. This is why rules in most cities require water pipes to be buried at a certain depth below which they're unlikely to freeze. However objects that are insulated from contact with the ground and don't receive much radiant heat from the ground surface, cars for example, may be able to cool below 0° by radiating thermal infrared energy to space. Since the ground is still a few degrees above zero, water vapor can evaporate forming early morning fog. Objects that have cooled below 0° can cause the water vapor to precipitate on to the surface as frost crystals. This temperature difference acts like a molecular conveyor belt that transfers moisture from the ground to object above the surface. This is ultimately driven by the act of energy radiating out to space.


Question: How do (and did) composers test their orchestral works before giving them to an orchestra?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do (and did) composers test their orchestral works before giving them to an orchestra?

Composers know the tone of the instrument they compose for very well. They most likely write the tunes on a piano, but in their head they know how they will sound different. I'd imagine they're relatively proficient on one or two instruments as well. They might pick up a violin or trumpet just to play a couple notes and see how it comes out.


Question: How does our brain make the difference between smells?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does our brain make the difference between smells?

Your nose senses a specific combination of molecules from the air. That information is sent to the brain and processed there. If its a familiar smell your brain links it to the memory of having smelled this specific combination before and you think of the type of fruit for example. Good or bad are decided by previous experience and also genetics. Really toxic stuff doesnt have a smell that gets processed to think of as bad. Your nose just gets damaged and your body immediately recoils before the brain even begins to work. If its more of an unpleasant smell you probably have smelled it before and your brain has decided that it its source is bad. I for example get sick when smelling a certain chinese chicken recipe bc my mom used to make it alot when I was a kid and had a kidney failure that caused me to throw up a lot. So the chicken wasnt even the cause but my brain still made that link. The chicken was guilty by association if you will


Question: In laboratory experiments that test illegal drugs, like the effects of cocaine on rats, how do scientists legally acquire and store the drugs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In laboratory experiments that test illegal drugs, like the effects of cocaine on rats, how do scientists legally acquire and store the drugs?

As a researcher/doctor you get (apply and pay a fee) for a DEA registration number. The number allows you to research/prescribe/dispense medications. It is very common for medical doctors/dentists/veterinarians to be registered to dispense/prescribe class 2-5 narcotics. Class 2 are highly addictive medications with often a narrow therapeutic index (easy to kill something) like morphine, cocaine, pentobarbital, hydromorphone, fentanyl. Class 2 is a pain in the ass and there is a high level of paperwork and conditions in the management. Class 3-5 and more loosely regulated, but still controlled. Think ketamine, butorphenol, phenobarbital, tramadol. Class 1 narcotics are highly addictive and "no therapeutic use". In this group is heroin, mescaline, LSD, PCP, ectacy, and marijuana (for some fucking reason. Class 1 is only available to researchers and in insanely controlled situations. There is not much research in this area as it is a massive pain in the ass. Edit: The classifications of narcotics in the United States are often political. Marijuana, LSD and Heroin were classified for political reasons (keeping down blacks, Mexicans, hippies) according to some sources (Adam ruins everything: drugs). Heroin is not really any worse as far as I can tell than OxyContin, but Bayer lost their patent almost 100 years ago (never taken either drug). Edit 2: Here is the DEA list with schedule and to far right "other names". They often use the Chemical names. [DEA alphabetical list of controlled substances]( URL_1 ) [Adam Ruins Everything: Drugs]( URL_0 )


Question: where does LSD come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 where does LSD come from?

> Cause I'm guessing that the precursors to it are nearly impossible to obtain outside of an industrial grade or university lab Ultimately, even those precursors come from ergot, so *All* LSD ultimately comes from ergot. There are a number of steps involved in getting from ergot to LSD. The only difference is how many more steps you have to take to get there from which precursors you get. If you start with ergot, you have to do the entire process. If you start with halfway through the process with an intermediate product like ergotamine tartrate, you have fewer steps to get to LSD, but someone else made that ergotamine tartrate from scratch. There are also other chemicals involved but those aren't necessarily difficult to get as they're used for many purposes and aren't regulated the same as drug precursors. There are also a few different routes to get to LSD depending on what chemicals you have available.


Question: Why do cancellation fees exist? Isn’t it a daylight robbery?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do cancellation fees exist? Isn’t it a daylight robbery?

It’s to recoup costs associated with losing your business. Typically they are at least partially tied to amortizing cost of equipment and services to set you up, like installing cable lines and giving you cable box/remote, subsidy toward phone, etc. Part of monthly fees go toward repaying those costs, so if it hadn’t been fully paid off then they recoup the fee at once. And you agreed to it when signing up, so it’s not robbery when you know from time of sign-up that you’ll pay it.


Question: Why do LED bulbs cause image tracking/persistence in vision?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do LED bulbs cause image tracking/persistence in vision?

LEDs or your monitor are like stroboscopes, they don't give a constant light, but blink really fast to give the perception of constant lighting. The still images you see are like what you see on the dance floor in clubs, the subject is iluminated for a very short time, creating a still image like a camera.


Question: If we see planets in the past due to them being lightyears away, how do we know alien life doesn't exist on said planets?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If we see planets in the past due to them being lightyears away, how do we know alien life doesn't exist on said planets?

We don’t know. Whatever happens there “now” we have no way of knowing. That said, assuming we are average in the universe it does not matter much since there should be enough alien civilaztions out there older than us who we should see already. The fact that we do not is an interesting yet unsolved issue of science. Look up Fermi’s paradox for details.


Question: Why does a sticker slowly peel off, but if it is pulled quickly it tears?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a sticker slowly peel off, but if it is pulled quickly it tears?

The strength of the sticker's a factor of how much force it can withstand at a given time, while the adhesive keeping it on is generally resistant to a certain amount of total energy. The faster you want to exert energy, the more force it takes, and the more likely you are to exceed the sticker's durability.


Question: When you pay tax money, where does it go? Like does it go into one central bank account?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When you pay tax money, where does it go? Like does it go into one central bank account?

In the US, your federal taxes end up in the US Treasury. And yes they have bank accounts that aren't a ton different than your own personal bank account. From the US Treasury they then disperse the tax money to the places that need it, which generally just involves them transferring money from one account to a different one. US State taxes generally work the same way, but at the state level


Question: Why is AM/PM system still in use in some areas?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is AM/PM system still in use in some areas?

Because it's still an effective way to tell time? That's like asking why the 24 hour military clock is still used....because it still fucking tells time.


Question: How large does something have to be to have an atmosphere?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How large does something have to be to have an atmosphere?

Essentially, everything has an atmosphere, even the tiniest rock in space, because an atmosphere is just a "cloud" of gas atoms that are attracted through the objects gravitational force. So, in order to have a bigger atmosphere, you've got to be bigger. I've read about tiny asteroids, that had a detectable atmosphere, although it's not at all comparable to what we have on Earth. It's just a thin haze of oxygen, sulfur or other gases


Question: Why do PC and monitors/TV still have a VGA port?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do PC and monitors/TV still have a VGA port?

VGA is pretty common with legacy equipment, especially in the business space. It's less common in the consumer space, however.


Question: how do Rorschach test work? Can people really be diagnosed from one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do Rorschach test work? Can people really be diagnosed from one?

It’s not really a test and isn’t about a specific diagnosis. The abstractness or the blots is intended as a tool for the psychiatrist to find out what’s on your mind. If every picture looks like some sort of battle, they will get a different idea about your internal self than if you see every blotch as a couple making out.


Question: why do some TV shows have shaky camera shots and what's the reason behind them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do some TV shows have shaky camera shots and what's the reason behind them?

It's supposed to make it look documentary-ish, like they're recording the stuff live as it happens rather than scripted and rehearsed. More 'real'.


Question: Why is it best to apply moisturizer right after a shower / face wash?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it best to apply moisturizer right after a shower / face wash?

When you use an oil cleanser like soap, it removes all the oils from your skin. This is layer is actually an important part of your skin. It’s what’s referred to as the moisture barrier. This layer of lipids (in this case natural oils), help you skin retain moisture so it doesn’t try out. It also helps protect the skin from contaminants. Moisturizing after a shower helps your skin retain the moisture until this layer can be replenished. Water can permeate into your skin, but only up to the top layer (epidermis). There is a layer of tissue here called the stratified squamous epithelium which prevents water from permeating deeper. Not to be rude but please don’t listen to the other commenter. Pores being able to grow/shrink is a complete myth. All a hot shower does is help clean out all the dirt and contaminants that were clogging them.


Question: Why does hearing sounds like nails on a chalkboard and also imagining them, create such an irritating sensation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does hearing sounds like nails on a chalkboard and also imagining them, create such an irritating sensation?

People are designed to hear speech, people having conversations, especially well. Because you are so sensitive to the sound of people’s voices you are also really sensitive to any noise at the same frequency. Nails on a chalk board happen to be at the same frequency as people talking, but sound nothing like it. So it really hurts your brain to try and process it, but equally because you are so sensitive to it, you can’t ignore it. Imagine it’s like the ‘[uncanny valley]( URL_0 )’ but for sound.


Question: 'Why do we get wet from cold things?'

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 'Why do we get wet from cold things?'

Since neither the question nor any of the answers given thus far have mentioned it, it’s called “condensation”.


Question: How are ounces both a unit of weight and of volume?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are ounces both a unit of weight and of volume?

A (mass) ounce and a fluid ounce (volume) are not actually the same unit. The just happen to use the same word, like pounds (mass) and pounds (force). Just a quirk of old customary unit terminology.


Question: Why do certain sounds/actions bother people so much and make us physically cringe?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do certain sounds/actions bother people so much and make us physically cringe?

It could have something to do with them all being high-pitched sounds, which means they’re far more likely to do permanent damage to our inner ear.


Question: How does US healthcare system work and why is any service so pricey?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does US healthcare system work and why is any service so pricey?

The US healthcare system is primarily made up of private providers (doctors, hospitals, etc.) and private insurers. The main idea is that you purchase health insurance with a monthly payment, and if you ever need healthcare, your insurance company will pay for some or all of it. That's not an obviously bad system. Lots of things, like car maintenance, are handled in essentially the same way. However, there are reasons why it produces sub-optimal results when we're talking about maintaining people and not just cars. Some of these are inherent to healthcare: \-Time is often crucial in medical emergencies, and it can sometimes lead to people getting treatment that their insurance company has said it would not cover. When this happens, the patient can be stuck with the bill. \-It's possible to spend incredible amounts of money in the attempt to stave off death. Insurance companies try to limit this kind of behavior (or else they would have to charge *a lot* more for coverage), but there will always be grey area, especially with new procedures, and insurance companies will ultimately deny some healthcare that could have been life-saving. Some of the problems are unique to how the US had implemented its system: \-Many people get health insurance as a benefit from their employer. This is because employers are often able to bargain with health insurers for better rates, but it's also for historical reasons. Recent policy changes have alleviated this a bit, but it's still the case that people who quit or lose their job may also lose access to health insurance with no good alternative to purchase as an individual. This can also obscure just how much people are paying for their health insurance, because a lot of it is paid by their employer. With a different system, these people would get higher salaries, but how much higher? \-Prices for healthcare often assume that the patient is insured and hence that the insurance company is on the hook to pay for treatment, no matter the price. This creates all kinds of weird phenomena that you would never see in a typical market, like a single aspirin costing hundreds of dollars. Insurers never actually pay that much, but it's kind of like where the hospital starts their negotiation on price with the expectation that the final price will be substantially reduced. Uninsured patients can often dispute these charges too, but for them, $100 for an aspirin can sometimes function as a threat to coerce people who otherwise wouldn't buy health insurance into getting it on the off-chance they do need a simple procedure. Many have argued that some of the coordination problems in US healthcare would be handily solved by turning a lot of it over to the government. After all, if employer-provided health insurance works because it can be purchased in bulk, the government can do even better! That said, some of the issues with healthcare won't go away no matter how you provide it. There will always be a tradeoff between cost (either in health insurance payments or taxes to the government) and quality of care. No reorganization will ensure that everyone can get all the top-quality healthcare they could ever want, when they want it. Rhetoric around this in the US often focuses tightly on the fundamental tradeoffs in the system (or in alternative systems) rather than whether we could obtain some benefit from re-organizing.


Question: How are some math problems just unsolvable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are some math problems just unsolvable?

There are mathematical statements that can be made that are the equivalent of "this sentence is false." If the sentence is true, then it's false...but if it's false, it's true. A great mathematician and logician, Kurt Goedel, came up with the idea of encoding mathematical statements as numbers, which could themselves then be manipulated mathematically. Given a mechanism that allowed mathematical statements to reference themselves, paradoxical (and unsolvable) statements became possible. Prior to Goedel's work, there was a general consensus that mathematics could eventually be completely formalized and brought down to a simple list of axioms and rules. Russell and Whitehead's *Principia Mathematica* was an attempt to do just that. But then Goedel came along and proved that in any sufficiently complex system (like mathematics), there are true statements that are unprovable, false statements that are provable, and statements that are just nonsensical.


Question: What are the differences between soluble fiber and insoluble fiber?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the differences between soluble fiber and insoluble fiber?

Soluble fiber attracts water and turns to gel during digestion. This slows digestion. Soluble fiber is found in oat bran, barley, nuts, seeds, beans, lentils, peas, and some fruits and vegetables. It is also found in psyllium, a common fiber supplement. Some types of soluble fiber may help lower risk of heart disease. Insoluble fiber is found in foods such as wheat bran, vegetables, and whole grains. It adds bulk to the stool and appears to help food pass more quickly through the stomach and intestines.


Question: Why do some states require you to reveal your identity when you win the lottery?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some states require you to reveal your identity when you win the lottery?

It's to prove that it wasn't a scam. The lottery is generally regulated by the government to some capacity and so they want to ensure that it's transparent. If you didn't require to reveal the identity of the winner it would be very easy to see a situation where the governor's siblings all just happen to be the winners each time and no one would be able to find out. This was the case for McDonald's Monopoly game for many years when it first came out.


Question: Why do people with severe radiation sickness get that period where they suddenly get completely fine before getting worse again?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people with severe radiation sickness get that period where they suddenly get completely fine before getting worse again?

The cell life cycle exists in stages. Prior to cell division the cell does a self-check of the DNA to verify it's all where it should be to ensure healthy cell division. If the DNA is damaged and cant be repaired then apoptosis occurs, programmed cell death. When exposed to high levels of radiation some cells are severely damaged while others are only somewhat damaged. The severely damaged ones die off relatively quickly. Then healing occurs which triggers "healthy" cells to divide to replace the dead cells. Those "healthy" cells go through their checks to ensure successful division. This is when the DNA damage is discovered and the cells kill themselves, resulting in the delayed, more severe cell die off.


Question: what is frequency in light?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is frequency in light?

Frequency, in anything, is how often something happens in a certain period of time. Frequency in light is measured in hertz, or Hz, which is 1/s. It refers to how many times a part of the light wave repeats itself in one second, so to speak. So, if light has a frequency of, say, 100 Hz, that means the wave travels from peak to peak (or valley to valley, or midpoint to midpoint) 100 times in one second.


Question: How exactly do laser thermometers work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly do laser thermometers work?

I believe the device you are referring to is actually called a pyrometer (please ignore me if you are talking about something else). Most objects undergo a process called blackbody radiation, which means that they emit light from their surfaces which has a wavelength (a way of classifying light) that depends on the object's temperature. The pyrometer is essentially a very specialised camera that is focussed on a very narrow point in front of it. The camera sees in infrared light instead of optical light because the blackbody radiation wavelength corresponding to temperatures that we might see everyday on Earth is in the infrared part of the spectrum. The camera measures how much of each wavelength of IR it can see and works out the temperature based on which wavelength is strongest.


Question: What is going on with the human body during Sleep Paralysis?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is going on with the human body during Sleep Paralysis?

When sleeping, the brain releases a chemical that prevents the body from moving, so that actions taken in dreams will not cause you to for example, lash out your arm and break it against something. Sometimes, you come to Consciousness before the brain releases the chemical required to enable movements. That's all that's really happening during sleep paralysis. Signals from the brain to move the body are unable to go because they're being blocked by the chemical.


Question: why are countries like Panama, Cyprus ideal for laundering money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are countries like Panama, Cyprus ideal for laundering money?

To understand how countries facilitate international money laundering you have to understand a peculiarity about how EU countries treat their citizens in regards to foreign investigations. Which is to say, EU countries will not investigate their citizens at the request of foreign countries, nor will they extradite their citizens. For a long time this meant that if you were a French citizen you could cross the border into Germany and commit as many crimes as you wanted. As long as you made it back to France without being caught by the German police, you were essentially immune to prosecution for everything that you did because France would neither investigate nor extradite you since you were a French citizen. This system obviously didn't work when the EU was formed. EU countries didn't abandon their blanket refusal to investigate or extradite their citizens when the EU was formed. Instead, they just decided to treat requests for investigation and extradition from other EU nations to be "domestic" requests. So nowadays France will extradite you to Germany, regardless of whether you're a citizen of France, because Germany is in the EU and so France considers Germany to be part of France for the purposes of extradition requests. But lets say that you're a French citizen who commits a crime in Egypt. Egypt is not a member of the EU, so France considers it to be "foreign" and will not extradite you since you have French citizenship. How does this relate to Cyprus? Cyprus is a member of the EU but it considers other EU states to be "foreign" for the purposes of responding to requests for investigation or extradition. That is to say, if Germany asks a Cypriot bank to investigate money laundering involving a Cypriot citizen, the Cypriot bank will tell Germany to get an order from a Cypriot court. The Cypriot court will refuse to grant that order, because it considers Germany to be a "foreign" nation and the investigation concerns a Cypriot citizen. Both legally and philosophically the EU has had a difficult time reconciling why EU countries are allowed to refuse to investigate or extradite their citizens on behalf of some countries but not others. Because of the contradictory nature of the EU's position on this, they haven't been able to pass anything binding on Cypriot banks. They have tried to apply pressure by threatening to reduce EU funding, but every time they do so Cyprus just agrees to "do better in the future" and then does nothing. And the EU has even less of a basis to try to ask a non-EU country like Panama to comply with EU money laundering regulations, at least as to Panamanian citizens. So if this only affects Cypriot/Panamanian citizens then why is it a big deal? Both Cyprus and Panama sell citizenship. Its not unusual for a country to have a visa program that allows for someone to invest a certain amount of money in the country and to then gain permanent residency there. But that requires you to *invest* the money into some productive business, not just stick it in a bank. And the path from permanent residency to citizenship typically takes quite a long time and requires that there isn't any suspicion that you're an international criminal. That isn't the case in Cyprus or Panama. You become a citizen of either of those countries as soon as you stick enough money in one of their banks and they don't care who you are, what you do, or where the money came from. So if you're an international criminal who wants to launder money through one of those countries then you just stick it in one of their banks and, viola, that money is now clean as far as the EU is concerned. This leaves the US as really the only country that can enforce money laundering rules on international banks - which the US goes to great lengths to do. But the US only really goes after banks that are interfacing with the US banking system or providing services to a US citizen. Cypriot and Panamanian banks only interface with the EU banking system. This means that the money can really only be used in the EU, and even then only for very limited purposes. But if you're a European drug lord or a Russian oligarch that's probably fine for whatever you want to do with it. Cypriot and Panamanian banks are also very careful not to allow US citizens or anyone who even has US residency to bank with them. Again, if you're a European drug lord or Russian oligarch this doesn't impact you at all. Because of this, money laundering through those countries is a distinctly EU problem, and its one that it can't really resolve because of how most of the EU's member states have decided to deal with their own citizens vis a vie requests on behalf of "foreign" law enforcement.


Question: Why do your eyelids feel heavy when you are tired?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do your eyelids feel heavy when you are tired?

When you have been awake for too long the muscles in your eyelids get tired and give you that heavy feeling.


Question: Why can’t we feel our internal organs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can’t we feel our internal organs?

You do when you get sick. Ask anyone who has had pancreatitis or liver problems or angina or an upset stomach...


Question: What caused the market crash of 2008?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What caused the market crash of 2008?

It was almost exclusively banks’ fault. It was a combination artificially inflated mortgage rates, overvaluing of properties, and banks (almost all of them), were investing very very heavily into stocks, using too much of people’s deposited money. The banks lent out riskily, invested riskily, and essentially lost a gamble with millions and millions of people’s’ money. When one part of this started to crumble, the rest toppled too. It meant that the vast majority of banks needed to be bailed out by governments. (And after taking these bailouts, the upper management of these banks still got their multi-million £ bonuses).


Question: How are the moon and waves on a beach related?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are the moon and waves on a beach related?

The moon gives the oceans their tides, rising and lowering the overall water level and allowing waves to come crashing in higher or lower. But the waves themselves are typically a result of wind (or in rare circumstances, earthquakes and landslides), not the moon.


Question: Why psychiatric medications work differently than regular pills such as painkillers or medicin with immediate effect?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why psychiatric medications work differently than regular pills such as painkillers or medicin with immediate effect?

Because (for the most part) we understand the processes by which painkillers and other medications work much more than we do psychiatric medications. Psychiatric illnesses and their underlying neuropathologies are still not fully understood to science. We don't even fully understand how some psych medications actually work. Additionally, psychiatric illnesses are disorders of the brain that (in most cases) we can't directly treat- they manifest from imbalances of neutrotransmitters or structural abnormalities. There's no quick fix for either.