Question: Why do we cringe when we hear our own voice, see our pictures, seeing how we act on another video etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we cringe when we hear our own voice, see our pictures, seeing how we act on another video etc?

To cringe is to perceive yourself as others perceive you, and in so doing to recognize that there is disparity between how they perceive you and how you normally perceive yourself, and to be embarrassed by that difference.


Question: Is it impossible to not progress the more you practice?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is it impossible to not progress the more you practice?

"Practice does not make perfect. Only perfect practice makes perfect." - Vince Lombardi


Question: Why does radioactive decay happen, and why can't we make it happen/stop it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does radioactive decay happen, and why can't we make it happen/stop it?

Radioactive decay is a phenomenon that occurs with atoms that form with more protons and neutrons than the strong force (that is: the force of nature that holds atoms together) can keep together. The strong force, like gravity or electromagnetism, becomes stronger the closer things are to each other. When an atom gets too big the force is not strong enough to overcome the natural repulsive forces within and the atom ejects some of it's material, usually in the form of an alpha particle but sometimes in the form of electrons (beta particles) or light (gamma particles). It's just a property of matter. We can't make it happen any more than we can turn gravity on and off. We can set up the situation where it will probably happen though.


Question: why most people cant hold their hand still?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why most people cant hold their hand still?

Blood flow and general muscle spasms are why most people can't hold their hands perfectly still. Things are moving in your arms at all times. This causes minor movements.


Question: Why do some old wires (e.g. headphones, charging cables) work when put in some positions but not others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some old wires (e.g. headphones, charging cables) work when put in some positions but not others?

Every cable you have is actually numerous small metal wires bundled together. The issue you've described is called a short in a cable, which means some or all of these wires have broken, so the connection is broken when they aren't correctly positioned.


Question: Why does encryption require prime numbers? A why is it so hard to find massive prime numbers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does encryption require prime numbers? A why is it so hard to find massive prime numbers?

The "why" is very unfriendly to ELI5. The short version is that when you limit yourself to counting in a number space between 0 and a prime number (minus 1) with a loop-around rule, a bunch of things become true that are useful for inventing encryption. Without going into too much detail, Diffie-Hellman and RSA encryption both make use of prime numbers because only those can be used to build secret keys that reliably encrypt and decrypt. As for the size, they're only hard to find when you need millions and millions of digits in length. Encryption today doesn't do that. 2048 bit encryption (which is considered the minimum norm today for RSA) only needs primes that are in the 300-600 digit long area. That only takes a few seconds. Then you keep the primes you find and use them to set up a web site for the next 1-2 years before you do it again when you need to renew the SSL certificate (because that's what you use the primes for)


Question: if there are so many billionaires and millionaires donating such huge sums of money to charity every year,along with the general public making their small donations of course, how are there still so many in poverty without access to basic ammenities? Where is all this money going?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if there are so many billionaires and millionaires donating such huge sums of money to charity every year,along with the general public making their small donations of course, how are there still so many in poverty without access to basic ammenities? Where is all this money going?

There's a lot going on here. To start, think of the scale of the problem. There are 3 billion (with a big bloody B) people living in poverty (less than €2.30/$2.50 per day) with 1.3 billion living in extreme poverty. Here in Ireland we have our own problems but the "average person" spends €120/$131 per day. So, to increase 3 billion people to even $50 per day for just one day, that would cost over $150 billion for one single day. For a year that'd be $ 5.475e+13. No amount of donations is going to give people basic amenities indefinitely. Because of this, most effective donation models have moved towards laying down infrastructure and eliminating barriers to education and economic growth for people in poverty. Think of "teach a man to fish" yada yada. While this has been shown to be a good idea and has long lasting positive effects, it's a slow process that only started *relatively* recently. With the scale of the problem at hand we won't see huge, major strides for a long time to come, and we are also relying on the governments of many impoverished nations to cooperate. Many regions suffer at the hands of corrupt governments or are in a near constant state of war, which of course makes it hard to make any progress. However, on a positive note, major strides HAVE been made. Many many more people DO have access to basic amenities. Education is spreading further and wider than it ever has before, and despite disputes over wealth gaps in many first world countries, globally, the situation is improving for everyone. This is a multilayered issue and this only scratches the surface, but hopefully you found this useful.


Question: Why does static electricity sometimes make a sound at high elevations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does static electricity sometimes make a sound at high elevations?

Holy crap that's terrifying. That sound is lightning looking for somewhere to hit. Basically, there's a bunch of little currents / eddies of electricity, swirling around looking for a path from the cloud to the ground. As you move your hand, you're changing how big those circles are, which changes their pitch. Stick around and eventually they'll line up into a short circuit, and you'll get hit by lightning.


Question: How do recaptchas work? And why do people need to repeat them over and over again sometimes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do recaptchas work? And why do people need to repeat them over and over again sometimes?

Humans read text by looking at the lines on a page and seeing a pattern. We see that a straight line, no matter how long it is, looks like the letter 'L' or 'I'. We see that a line with a 'foot' at the bottom is an L. We see that any two lines with a line between them is an H. But a computer can't think like us, it can't think, 'oh, that kind of looks like other L's that I've seen, that must also be an L.' (well, they can to an extent, but it takes a lot of time and processing power, and they don't always get it right). Instead, a computer stores all of its information as a series of 0's and 1's, and if I write a basic program to display text on the screen, it's going to use one of a few common methods of converting 0's and 1's into letters or symbols. Most computers are programmed (as part of the operating system, like Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, etc.) to understand certain sequences of 0's and 1's in the same way. So if I output a bunch of characters on the screen with basic programming, then it's easy for another programmer to write some code to look for the 0's and 1's in the file that has the letters. On the other hand, if I take letters (say, 'ABCD'), and use a randomizer to swirl them around a bit and store it as an image file that the computer only understands as a bunch of dots in a rectangle (which is what you'll see in any image on a screen if you look real close), most people would still be able to read the text because they recognize the pattern. But now I can't just write a program to 'read' the text in the picture. So if I show the image on my website, I already know the correct sequence of characters, but a computer would have a more difficult time figuring out what those letters are. & #x200B; Today, regular number/letter captchas aren't 100% secure because we have better code to solve them, and there are other ways of getting around them (like sending captchas to low-paid humans to solve all day). So Google has the thing where you click images of stop signs or crosswalks or whatever, and they can cross-reference that with other people's results or what their software expects, and that's how they know if you're a human, because it's all pattern recognition that's harder for a computer to do. They use that data to help with their self-driving car company, Waymo, and probably for other stuff as well.


Question: How were the first cartographers able to create a World map with such little technology and were they accurate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How were the first cartographers able to create a World map with such little technology and were they accurate?

They used a combination of legend/lore/tales from the natives and actual travel (North American settlers had been told that California was an island and mapped it as such). For example, if they were mapping a river, they would take a boat out and mark the location of every curve or strait they would come across. Now we know that many of these were wildly inaccurate, but they worked as decent approximations for their time.


Question: How do planes crash into each other?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do planes crash into each other?

It is pretty uncommon, because yes the sky is quite big. It is more common around airports because the plane concentration is much higher there of course. Also, planes of particular types tend to use very similar routes and altitudes because they are the most efficient. Finally, air traffic controllers use holding patterns that are fairly consistent to avoid the mistakes that can come from complexity. These factors make a small increase in the probability of a collision, but I would imagine the overall safety gains more than off that risk. Also I’m sure there is some selection bias when you hear/think about aircraft collisions. They’re quite rare but extremely memorable.


Question: Why does plants grow with water, sunlight and must be under the dirt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does plants grow with water, sunlight and must be under the dirt?

Dirt isn't required for plants. A support media for water retainment and micronutrients are. Dirt just happens to be one way to have those. It's entirely possible to grow plants from seed to maturity with just water and nutrient (hydroponics). Or even just nutrient mist and no standing water (aeroponics)


Question: why is there so much extra static electricity and what can I do to stop it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is there so much extra static electricity and what can I do to stop it?

Increase the humidity in your home. I assume that is where your problem is. Moisture on surfaces conducts electric buildup dissipating the charges.


Question: how do those underwater flares work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do those underwater flares work?

A fire needs fuel and oxygen. Normally water stops oxygen (air) from reaching the fire. Underwater flares and stuff like that contain some form of oxygen that is liberated when burning


Question: How is there an average of 12:06 hours of sunlight at the equator?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is there an average of 12:06 hours of sunlight at the equator?

Quito is at a very high altitude. As a result the angle from sea level to the East to sea level to the west is more than 180˚. You see this effect at sunset. On the ground, you've seen the Sun set, but if you look up at the bottoms of the clouds, they are still lit. It takes a few minutes for them to be out of direct sunlight.


Question: How are the media and public figures able to publicly accuse someone of sexual (or any other) crimes without any due process of law?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are the media and public figures able to publicly accuse someone of sexual (or any other) crimes without any due process of law?

Due process, mostly, refers to procedural actions necessary before Govermental officials can act in certain ways. For example, before you can be placed in jail (i.e. Have you right to liberty removed) your due process rights require trials and the like. In those trials you are presumed innocent. That is where the idea of innocent until proven guilty comes from. It is a procedural posture that is required in criminal cases. Public figure, like celebrities, can say whatever they'd like. There are laws to prevent them from saying untrue things that could harm someone, these are called defamation laws. They make it so that you can't publically declare something that is untrue to specifically harm me. There is a tight balancing act between what is considered defamation and what is protected by the first amendment in the US. Generally the person defamed is the only person who can fight Suh statements, by suing. However truth is always a defense in those law suits. If the person being allegedly defamed knows he's not gonna win on the truth he's not gonna bother suing. And private (as in not governmental) can do whatever they'd like in terms of membership. There are no due process laws that govern that. They may have internal policies to deal with it but that's a corporate governance issue. And yes there is always a concern that this is just a witchhunt. However in instances like this that seems improbable.


Question: Why is Sirius A the brightest star out of all the million stars?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Sirius A the brightest star out of all the million stars?

It's very *very* close to us, relative to other stars in the night sky. > At a distance of 2.6 parsecs (8.6 ly), the Sirius system contains two of the eight nearest stars to the Solar System (not including the Sun),[89] and is the fifth closest stellar system to ours (again not including the Sun).[89] This proximity is the main reason for its brightness, as with other near stars such as Alpha Centauri and in contrast to distant, highly luminous supergiants such as Canopus, Rigel or Betelgeuse. URL_0


Question: What prevents us from using vector audio files?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What prevents us from using vector audio files?

Its been a while since I took this in school, so what Ill say is very much "I remember I should know this but I've been writing software since so what do I know"... What you describe is possible, in fact it kindof is pretty much what is going on in digital music sampling. Modern A2D (and the reverse is true with D2A) chips essentially are doing this using Fourier transforms (to over simplify things). As any analog wave in the time domain can be approximated with a summation of appropriately weighted sine and cosine waves of various frequencies, you can quantize an analog wave by approximating it as the magnitudes of each sign/cos at these various frequencies. Its the magnitudes of each frequency at any one time that is being recorded as bytes. Higher bitrate digital audio is simply more samples in each time slice and thus higher frequency fidelity. Better quality digital audio is using more bytes per time slice to catch higher and lower frequencies that might otherwise not be represented. The reason telephone calls are still so crappy sounding is because the range of frequency bands used to digitize it for transmission is deliberately low for bandwidth conservation.** When you go the other way, the magnitudes of frequencies are used to generate analog waves at those frequencies with the corresponding amplitude, then they get integrated together. The more frequencies you can use to replicate the resultant wave, the more "true" it is to the original waveform. I get what you're saying. You want at time d to say the wave is a vector travelling in that direction, then at d+1 its changed to a slightly different vector. I suppose you can do that, except the quality of digitization would depend on how many timeslices you take, one sample per d... if you want a smooth reconstituted wave you'd need a lot more samples. Without doing the math I can't imagine that you'd save that many more bytes than just doing it the frequency transformation way. It turns out a superpositioning of higher frequency waves on top of one another is a really good approximation of representing ANY wave and we have tons of chips that and logic silicon already tried and true to do this very efficiently. ** I mean, it used to be when the POTs was digitized in the 70s and 80s, now it's just because that hearing a phone conversation in crystal clear 4k audio is unsettling to some and would require a lot of infrastructure upgrade to ensure universal coverage which frankly no one wants to pay for.


Question: How does a Roth IRA work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a Roth IRA work?

Basically it's a normal account, but you are exempt from capital gains, interest, and other taxes within the account (provided it stays there until you retire). This is in contrast to a traditional IRA where you are exempt from income tax on any money your put in, but then owe income tax on the money you take out when retired. Both types of IRAs have various contribution limits and requirements that force you to keep the money in the account until you retire. The benefit for both types if you owe less taxes overall by using an IRA (you don't get taxed for saving money). A traditional IRA is better if you pay more in taxes today than you pay when you retire (most people expect to go on SS [untaxed] and take a pay cut, so most people expect a low tax rate). A Roth IRA is better if you pay more taxes in retirement than you do when you're retired (typical if you're currently an intern and expect your pay to quadruple over the next 10 years, in that case a retirement pay cut is still more than you make now).


Question: How do people beyond the great tree line up north; places like Nunavut and Greenland get oxygen to breath?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do people beyond the great tree line up north; places like Nunavut and Greenland get oxygen to breath?

Most oxygen doesn't come from trees, but even if it did, the Earth's atmosphere mixes thoroughly over timescales of a few years to decades. The amount of oxygen in the air (as a %) is essentially the same everywhere on Earth and up to a very high altitude, much higher than the highest mountains.


Question: - Where to STI's come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Where to STI's come from?

STIs are caused by viruses and bacteria, most of which have evolved alongside humans for millennia. There have been STIs circulating in the human population for as long as there have been humans having sex. And other species have their own STIs to deal with, too.


Question: What caused Pangea to break up millions of years ago?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What caused Pangea to break up millions of years ago?

'Twas oft discussed here and around reddit. The land sits atop plates that float about on moving magma below. Ye may enjoy these: 1. [ELI5:What is Pangaea, how did it form, and how did it break apart? ]( URL_2 ) 1. [ELI5:If all the land on Earth started as one mass (Pangea) and is slowly moving further away, won't there be a point where it all comes back together again? ]( URL_0 ) 1. [Ask Science: Why did Pangea break apart and the continents move away in such a manner as if they were "floating", without regard for what lies underneath the ocean? ]( URL_1 ) 1. [Ask Science: What caused the super-continent Pangea to split up in the first place? Is that same force still driving the plates in their movement? ]( URL_3 )


Question: Is audio spyware a real thing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is audio spyware a real thing?

This is possible and if you have a smart phone that has the facebook app on it, most likely happening. The technology is possible because in your pocket you are carrying a device that has (among other things): -A microphone -A connection to the internet. That's it. That's all it takes. The only way to 100% ensure that this doesn't happen is to put a hard wired switch in line with your mic. More realistically, you can go through your app permissions and limit which apps have access to your microphone. [Here]( URL_0 ) is link for how to disable facebbok's acess, and you can do the same thing for all of your apps. (Except for programs like skype that have a legitimate need.)


Question: Why do stocks plummet after major events? Cant stockholders just “stay calm”?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do stocks plummet after major events? Cant stockholders just “stay calm”?

Stock traders are predicting the future. When they think the future is certain, market fluctuation is reduced, and they can "stay calm". When they think the future is uncertain, the opposite happens. If they were to "stay calm" when the future was uncertain, they would be slow to react to things and they would lose their money.


Question: How would defining coordinates in space work when interstellar travel becomes a thing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How would defining coordinates in space work when interstellar travel becomes a thing?

Because the sun isn’t a good reference point once you move out of the solar system the thinking is the best way to give coordinates is to use pulsars. Pulsars are the remains of dead stars that have a property that they spin very fast and shoot out beams of radiation from their magnetic poles. Every pulsar has unique and reliable frequency at which it pulses so the thought is that we can use them as light houses. Just like we use satellites here on earth, by measuring the distance you are from any three known pulsars you can get an exact position in 3D space that you can use to navigate or share with others so they can find you.


Question: What's the difference between a company's CEO, MD, Chairman and President?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between a company's CEO, MD, Chairman and President?

The ownership of the company(Shareholders) elect a group of people to the Board of Directors to oversee the company. The Board of Directors is led by the Chairman. This group then hires the Executives of the company(CEO, CFO, CIO, President etc) who oversee the day to day operation of the company, and report back to the Board quarterly. The CEO is the head employee of the entire company. The President is typically number two in command.


Question: why are cold baths/showers so off-putting?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are cold baths/showers so off-putting?

It's shocking to suddenly have such a drastic change in temperature. But if you gradually make a shower colder and give yourself time to adjust, it's not so bad.


Question: How can websites like aliexpress offer their products so cheap with free shipping all over the world?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can websites like aliexpress offer their products so cheap with free shipping all over the world?

Chinese government actually subsidy cost of shipping to support exporters, so that's why they can send you item you bought for 0.1$ with free shipping. Longer explanation would be that they ship in bulk with pay per volume and not per item, so they don't care it's actually one small item for one customer, but anyway it's subsidised by Chinese government.


Question: How can I retain information if have no one to teach or no everyday example that is comparable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can I retain information if have no one to teach or no everyday example that is comparable?

Talk to classmates. Barring that, writing notes, reviewing those notes , and even potentially talking it out with yourself help retention. The important part is engaging with the information, and forcing yourself to work through it to see if you really understand it. Talking with another person is helpful because it forces you to a) not skim details and simplify the concept down b) they ask questions you might not consider. A is one of the biggest culprits, people have a tendency when studying to skim something, say "yeah that makes sense", but not engage enough to actually learn it. That said, you don't need to teach someone to learn something. The vast majority of people don't have a captive audience and do just fine. It certainly helps though. Talking to others isn't the only way, it's just one of the more efficient ways because it naturally prevents you from getting a bit intellectually lazy.


Question: In theory, is it possible to reverse a combustion reaction with added energy? If that's the case, how would a specific reactant like methane be made?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In theory, is it possible to reverse a combustion reaction with added energy? If that's the case, how would a specific reactant like methane be made?

Yes. The Sabatier reaction involves the reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide at high temperature (optimally 300–400 °C) and pressure with a nickel catalyst to produce methane and water. Since water can be split to make hydrogen, this process can also take water and carbon dioxide to make methane and oxygen.


Question: why are there no drugs for sale with the same effects as illegal drugs that do absolutely no harm to the body or mind? Is it impossible to make them totally harmless? Or are they illegal for some reason?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are there no drugs for sale with the same effects as illegal drugs that do absolutely no harm to the body or mind? Is it impossible to make them totally harmless? Or are they illegal for some reason?

Making something that does something interesting to the body without any side effects is really difficult due to how complicated the body is. And even if you could make a "harmless" drug, any risk of addiction or dependence would be an obstacle to legality.


Question: Why do products that require two or more batteries always ask us to insert the batteries in opposing directions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do products that require two or more batteries always ask us to insert the batteries in opposing directions?

The designer wants the two batteries to be in series. That means that instead of being 1.5V, it can be 3.0V. If the two batteries are right next to each other, by far the easiest way to wire them in series is to connect the positive terminal of one battery to the negative terminal of the other one. After all - they're right next to each other. If the batteries were facing the same way, you'd have to run a longer wire.


Question: Why are tesseracts represented as a cube inside another cube?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are tesseracts represented as a cube inside another cube?

Just as a cube is two squares with their corners connected in the third dimension, a tesseract can be drawn as two cubes with their corners connected. Though this connection is in the fourth dimension, obviously we can't draw that, so...


Question: How can the Task Manager in Windows or Force Quit in macOS close frozen, suspended, unresponding programs instantly. What do they do different than clicking the X button in the corner?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can the Task Manager in Windows or Force Quit in macOS close frozen, suspended, unresponding programs instantly. What do they do different than clicking the X button in the corner?

They forcibly stop allocating system resources to the program, instead of politely asking the program to relinquish those resources once it’s finished. It’s the difference between asking a drunk patron to leave the bar vs grabbing him by the collar and tossing him out the door.


Question: Why is a poll or study where only 1,000 people were surveyed a good representation for a much larger group of people?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is a poll or study where only 1,000 people were surveyed a good representation for a much larger group of people?

It might be a little easier to think of this in reverse: what are the chances that a given sample does NOT mirror the overall group? With a sample of only 1, the odds are really high. If we're talking about political views (a very common topic for polling), maybe you managed to pick my crazy uncle, who believes taxation is theft and keeps gold bars for the coming apocalypse. But if you pick two people, the odds are much lower that you'll get my crazy uncle AND one of his crazy fellow believers. That AND is key, because when you're calculating probabilities, the chances of one thing happening AND another thing happening is the odds of the first times the odds of the second. So if the chances of picking someone like my crazy uncle are 1 in 100,000, the odds of picking two such people are 1 in 10,000,000,000. That probably isn't gonna happen. So, remember, we're working toward an intuitive sense of the likelihood of 1000 people NOT closely mimicking the overall group. What are the odds of picking a whole bunch of weirdos? It's like trying to pick my uncle over and over again. Or even if you define "weirdo" much more narrowly, the odds of picking 1,000 unusual people in a row are really low. It's kind of like how taking 0.9 the the power of 1000 - i.e. (0.9)*(0.9)*(0.9)... a thousand times - gets you a really small number. The situation gets more complicated when you start looking at smaller sub-groups (gender, race, education, wealth, etc.) within the 1,000 people. During the 2016 election, I remember reading about polls of Trump's African-American support with 1,000 or 2,000 respondents that had gigantic margins of error because most polls couldn't find a *single* African-American who supported him. How do you interpret a whole bunch of zeros and then one isolated 1? Statistics get weird at the edges. But this captures the basics of the ideal case.


Question: Why do we start dozing off at a certain point in the day, but when given an opportunity to sleep later, end up being unable to fall asleep?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we start dozing off at a certain point in the day, but when given an opportunity to sleep later, end up being unable to fall asleep?

I also wonder this. Reddit are you still sleeping?


Question: What does it mean that the US dollar is backed by silver/gold?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean that the US dollar is backed by silver/gold?

So this is all about the "invention" of money. Gold is something that humans have historical valued. While it's used in manufacturing it's real value is that it is soft enough to make jewelry and it shines up real nice. WAAAY back in the day, gold was the currency. If you went to a store to buy a new sword they would demand payment in gold. Since gold is quite heavy, this is very impractical, but the idea is that gold is money. To overcome this obstacle (and for other reasons) governments started issuing their own money in the form of paper notes (or coins). They would print up some paper or mint some coins with an official stamp and tell everyone they can use this money rather than gold. The public was skeptical to say the least. This was just paper, it has no real value, why should stores accept it? Why should employees accept it? Why should anyone take it for more then just the paper it is? Gold on the other hand, well gold was GOLD! And so the government had an idea. They had a whole pile of gold in the government's vault. So they wold make a promises to the citizens that anyone who wanted to could show up with some paper money and exchange it for a set amount of gold. Since people believed gold had value and always would, the little bits of paper became iou notes from the government. People were OK with trading this government paper because they could always go get the gold if they wanted to. Funny enough, there is no need to actually make that trade for gold. The knowledge that you could if you wanted to is enough. So the government says, if you show up with a $20 bank note, we will give you 1 oz of gold. If the government has 5,000,000 oz of gold in the vaults, it could print $100,000,000 worth of paper notes. The gold would stay in the vaults and the notes would be used to buy and sell things. This all worked "fine", for a while but it had a problem. The amount of gold in the world is not stable, the demand for gold is not stable and gold is not actually "worth" anything more than paper money is. If the apocalypse came today and all governments fell and there were people rioting and starving in the streets, no one would want gold anymore than anyone would want US dollars. So this idea that "gold" somehow has an intrinsic worth that can outlast governments is actually a fiction. This ability to always exchange a set amount of money for a set amount of gold was known as the gold standard and it was used all over the world. Around 90 years ago, that stopped. And now for the complicated part. As it turns out, the ability to print or not print money is one of the primary tools that governments can use to prevent problems like recessions or depressions. Events like the grate depression or the 2008 crises used to be fairly common. Things like inflation was actually an every day sort of problem that effected peoples lives in very real ways. I know we don't feel like it, so close to 2008, but the truth is that since abandoning the gold standard those kinds of events are much less common than they used to be. Since the government has no requirement to keep a large vault of gold to backup it's money they are free to tweek the amount of money out there in the world in an effort to keep things flowing along. While there have been some major issues (like 2008) it's worked basically fine for nearly 100 years. So to directly answer. The US dollar is NOT any longer backed by gold. It used to be, but it's not any longer.


Question: What caused Black Monday (1987) and why was it so bad?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What caused Black Monday (1987) and why was it so bad?

Looking into this the exact cause of the stock market crash on Black Monday isn't clear. There was a bit of a bubble in the market at that point and the US central bank was dropping interest rates that week due to a problem with the value of the US dollar. The key thing that occured that day was the affect of computerized trading. Computerized stock trading was a relatively new thing at that point and no one understood the risks that posed to the market. What happened was that when the markets closed on the Friday a situation developed where large numbers of sells orders got queued up by the computers. The algorithms detected a fluctuation in the market which caused them to want to sell their stocks. When the markets opened on the Monday morning all the sell orders got processed at once. This caused the stock prices to fall and subsequently more algorithms started selling in a chain reaction that saw the market ultimately drop by 20%. If it wasn't for the computer algorithms it probably just would have but a mild slump.


Question: Why does Hawaiian Punch never taste cold?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does Hawaiian Punch never taste cold?

Due to the insane amount to syrup in the drink and not enough water. Keep in mind it’s a 0% juice drink hence the syrup


Question: I know that consumer spending is tied to economic growth, but what about investing? Do capital investments "create value," or is it just gambling?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I know that consumer spending is tied to economic growth, but what about investing? Do capital investments "create value," or is it just gambling?

Yes. If I want to build a machine that will increase the output of my business and I offer someone partial ownership of the business in exchange for funds for that machine, value is being created. Savings, broadly, are extremely important for economic growth as those are resources that are, in effect, not being put to productive use right now. Investment is a channel by which those funds find their way to people who have need of those resources in the moment but don't have them.


Question: what is the purpose of the ‘cross hatching’ on sticks of gum?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is the purpose of the ‘cross hatching’ on sticks of gum?

I couldn’t find specific info on the machinery, but there is a lot of rolling and pulling involved. Based on that and the product material, that pattern is likely caused by the machinery rolling the sheets/sticks through the scoring and packaging process. The cross hatch texture on the machines help grip the sticks without stretching or squishing them.


Question: - why is it so hard to swallow a pill or tablet but so easy to swallow large chunks of food?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - why is it so hard to swallow a pill or tablet but so easy to swallow large chunks of food?

Most food you eat is already moist to some degree. Think of eating lasagna. It is much more moist than a given pill. That moisture provides lubrication. We DO eat dry foods yes, but we tend to chew them up into sizes smaller than a pill. In addition; when we eat a dry food it tends to spend more time in our mouth while being chewed and the dry food absorbs some moisture (saliva.) I pill is generally NOT chewed and spend little time in the mouth and has less chance to absorb lubricating saliva.


Question: Why is the formula for Methyl ammonium is CH3NH3 while ammonium is NH4?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the formula for Methyl ammonium is CH3NH3 while ammonium is NH4?

CH3 replaces one of the hydrogen atoms. This is ammonium: H | H—N-H | H This is methyl ammonium: H H | | H—N—C—H | | H H


Question: Why does the same supermarket less than 5 miles away have a completely mirrored store?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the same supermarket less than 5 miles away have a completely mirrored store?

Supermarkets are intentionally design to make customers walk around so that they see as many products as possible to encourage impulse purchasing. This is why the dairy is always in the back, and milk and bread are kept separate. The kinds of things people are most likely to buy if they're just dropping in for one or two things are strategically located to maximize opportunities for additional unplanned purchases. Reversing the floor plan makes it so the people who shop at one store are not as familiar with the other one, increasing unplanned purchasing. Theres a whole science to how supermarkets are laid out to increase spending. Everything from where things are (such as flowers and produce by the door), what products are near other products, and which shelf certain items placed on is all planned out carefully and is driven by careful analysis of sales patterns and psychology. Using a reversed plan means they only need to map it all out once, but can still change it up for two stores in the same area. There are some interesting articles out there on the psychology of supermarket layouts if you're curious. EDIT: Here's an infographic that lays out some of the basic concepts: URL_0


Question: Why does eating a lot of sugar makes you sleepy? Shouldn't it be the opposite as sugar provides you energy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does eating a lot of sugar makes you sleepy? Shouldn't it be the opposite as sugar provides you energy?

Both are true. First the sugar provides you with energy. Then when it's used up you "crash," that is, you experience a sudden loss of energy (due partly to the excessive insulin your body put out to process all that sugar). That's why nutritionists recommend other foods that provide a more continuous supply of energy over a longer time. You don't get the "boom" but you avoid the "crash" after.


Question: how does getting a "second wind" work when you're exhausted?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does getting a "second wind" work when you're exhausted?

Some peoples bodies are slower at metabolizing energy or managing their oxygen balance so it may take a bit for their "running optimized mode" to kick in. Other times you are just experiencing your body releasing more endorphins to hype you up


Question: How come we have not run out of water yet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come we have not run out of water yet?

The water doesn't go anywhere. Everything you drink in the end you pee it out, sweat it out, breathe it out, and your dead body loses it to the environment as it's cremated or decomposes. In the end, it returns to the environment.


Question: Is there a reason as to why people believe that "warm milk is supposed to make you sleepy?"

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there a reason as to why people believe that "warm milk is supposed to make you sleepy?"

It's the protein, and one of the amino acids involved (tryotophan maybe?) And the warmth is just to be generally relaxing


Question: How does orbital dynamics work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does orbital dynamics work?

Things in space have an attractive force called gravity. In contrast to celebrities, things with more mass have a more attractive force. Between two bodies, based on their relative mass, there’s a center of gravity. Those two bodies orbit around that one point. When considering things with divergent mass, it appears as though one thing is orbiting around the other thing (Sun/Earth, Earth/Moon). Here’s the issue, that’s for a two body problem. There is no closed mathematical solution for a three body problem (ie Sun, Earth, & Moon). Everything is pulling on everything (just like celebrities). The orbit of the moon around Earth is affected by both the sun and Jupiter. Just to varying degrees depending on the time of year.


Question: How do scalper bots buying electronics get past the “are you a robot” check?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do scalper bots buying electronics get past the “are you a robot” check?

There are services that allow you to send captchas to real humans elsewhere and have them do it and send the results back to the bot to put in. Or there are other bots trained to defeat captcha and can be accessed by the scalper bots to fill it out in a fraction of a second (or purposefully longer depending on what the captcha system looks for)


Question: Why can you not put out a grease fire with water, and are there any other kinds of fires that require special action to extinguish?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can you not put out a grease fire with water, and are there any other kinds of fires that require special action to extinguish?

Water sinks to the bottom of the grease, serving to splash it around. The water then boils causing it to splash more. There are some unique classes of fire that have different preferred methods of extinguishing, for instance it is recommended to use dry powder to extinguish electrical fires. Then there's magnesium. Magnesium will rip the water molecules apart and eat them for breakfast. If you pour water on burning magnesium, the water itself will become the oxidizer for the fire and damn near explode.


Question: - How does freezing food work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - How does freezing food work?

The process of decay is mostly microbial. So yes in cold temperatures it is functionally “paused” for a while (not forever though, just really slow).


Question: in the Monty Hall problem how exactly does the act of switching increase your odds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 in the Monty Hall problem how exactly does the act of switching increase your odds?

The key is that the host ( Monty Hall in this case) is aware of where the prize is hidden. So after you pick your door, he will knowingly remove a door that has no prize behind it. Without that knowledge, the odds would remain 1/3 for each . Anyway, you choose your door at 1/3 odds. Let's say it is door number 1. That means if the car is behind door number 2, Monty MUSt pick door number 3 to reveal. Because he Always reveals a dumb prize. So now the odds of door number 2 being the winner have jumped to 2/3. Again, the reason for this is the foreknowledge of the host.. Hope that helps!!


Question: How exactly does Vitamin C speed up the healing process?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly does Vitamin C speed up the healing process?

From what I've read, it doesn't really. It does a lot of important things in the body, but there's no direct correlation between vitamin C and illness prevention/recovery. Staying hydrated is the #1 thing from my experience.


Question: How do you read the pioneer plaque on the Pioneer spacecrafts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you read the pioneer plaque on the Pioneer spacecrafts?

At the bottom you have our position in the solar system and origin point for the probe inc pluto(it's a planet again bitches!). At the top is a helium atom I think. Between them I'm guessing is our place within the local cluster of galaxies and on the right is a standard size man and woman next to the probe I'd assume for scale . Edit: i was a bit out. Wiki has a section dedicated to it. It's really interesting URL_0


Question: Why does burned / charred food give you cancer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does burned / charred food give you cancer?

There's a couple reasons, but they come down to the fact that when food burns, it's a chemical reaction that produces new molecules that act differently than the food molecules they came from. Some of them make good tastes and smells, but some of them can harm your DNA. Some of the new molecules that get made when food burns are kinda flat and pancake-shaped. Some of these flat pancake-shaped molecules are just the right size to fit between your DNA bases. When a cell divides it has to make a new copy of its DNA (so both cells can have a copy), and if the gizmos copying the DNA find one of these pancake molecules jammed in there, they don't know what to do and just kind of wing it when making the new copy. This introduces mutations into the new cell's DNA. **Most of these mutations are harmless.** Our genetic code has a *lot* of redundancy built in for these sorts of things, but if one happens in the wrong place in the wrong gene, it can turn a healthy cell into a cancerous cell.


Question: Why are all these companies updating their terms and services right now?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are all these companies updating their terms and services right now?

New Data protection rules came into force in Europe today ( 25/05/18 ) So any company that serves people in Europe have to adhere to the rules, so are changing policies globally to become compliant.


Question: Why is it that certain smells are wonderful, and others make me want to actually vomit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that certain smells are wonderful, and others make me want to actually vomit?

Your brain has been programmed for millions of generations to not eat stuff that could kill you. The things that smell bad are often things that could make you I'll if you eat them, so it's better that you have a built in disgust of them. Like the smell of putrescence, can't remember the chemical, but it's what makes rotting dead animals stink, you are automatically programmed to find it disgusting so if you smell even in trace amounts it you don't eat it. This is true of other things to a degree, kids don't like bitter things, a lot of natural occurring poisions are bitter, so a kid would tend not to eat them. I think they figured out a while ago that some of the sensitivity pregnant women have to some foods is to stop them from eating foods that if there is a large concentration it could hurt the fetus


Question: Why is it better/easier to learn a second language at an early age?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it better/easier to learn a second language at an early age?

Because leaning as a kid is built into our brain. We are setup to learn as much as possible when we are children. Especially language. And this gets less and less pronounced as we grow up.


Question: Why is it concerning that Jet Blue is using facial recognition data from the US government to facilitate boarding? Is this that different from just having pictures of your face on file to compare with?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it concerning that Jet Blue is using facial recognition data from the US government to facilitate boarding? Is this that different from just having pictures of your face on file to compare with?

Actually, if OP had researched this, the headline is misleading. What JetBlue is doing, on International Flights (where you are required to present your passport to board!) is capturing an image of the traveler at a voluntary kiosk, transmitting that to Customs who then does a biometric match and clears the passenger for boarding. JetBlue isn't tracking people, and isn't amassing a giant database of travelers. Remove the tin foil and back away from the Koolaid. This is a positive thing for international travelers.


Question: What's the difference between FDMA and TDMA?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between FDMA and TDMA?

FDMA: send signals on different radio channels TDMA: share a channel by taking turns Both are very handy.