Question: what is "A computer", what on an electronic level makes electronics into a "computer" can anyone build a computer? could someone build a computer without using prefabricated components in 2017?

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 what is "A computer", what on an electronic level makes electronics into a "computer" can anyone build a computer? could someone build a computer without using prefabricated components in 2017?

First, let's establish something a lot of people get wrong: in electric circuits, negative flows to positive. Electrons are negatively charged, and the negative side has an excess of electrons, the positive side has a deficit of electrons. The reason everyone gets this wrong was that the early pioneers of electricity got it wrong, and they wrote it down as such. Modern electrical diagram symbols come from an era of this mistake and it's never been corrected because we're so entrenched in the established conventions. The arrows on these diagrams are the opposite of which way the electrons physically flow. Let's talk electric components... There are metals whose properties can be described as P type and N type. I believe this basically means they have a deficit of electrons or an excess of electrons in their outer most electron orbits. If you take one metal of each type and bond them together, you have yourself a PN junction, or by another name we call it a "diode". You've heard of these before; for example, who hasn't heard of an LED? A Light Emitting DIODE. This component has a very interesting property - electrons will flow from the N side to the P side, but not the other way around! It's a one way electronic valve. Now, if you make a PNP or an NPN junction, you have a transistor! I'm a bit fumbly about how these things work, but the idea is current wants to flow from one side to the other, but it gets stuck unable to cross the middle. So by putting a small current on the middle, you can allow current to flow across the ends. There are clear explanations as to how bias and whatever make this possible, but you can google it. The amount of current that flows across the ends is proportional to the amount of current put on the middle. So if you have a large current on one side, and a tiny current in the middle, you can get a relatively large representation of the little current. You have an amplifier! So the large current comes from the wall outlet, probably stepped up through a transformer, and then your little current comes from a microphone, or a guitar pickup, or something. And this was the original driving motivation to invent the transistor for use in radio. It replaced the vacuum tube, which performs the same function but operates on completely different principles. You can do neat things with diodes and transistors, depending on the metals used, alloys in the middle, geometry, etc... A zener diode is one where electricity won't flow in reverse until it reaches a threshold - then the doors open, as it were. Noisy diodes are designed to flicker, whether they conduct in the forward direction or not, and we use these to generate noise or we sample them like digital audio and it acts as a random number generator. Transistors, too, are made for CPUs to have a fast and sharp switching on and off behavior, instead of the typical analog amplifier behavior. Transistors are organized into groups called "gates," or "logic gates." You can look these up if you want, but we can abstract the notion of an electric circuit to that of boolean algebraic logic. Instead of current or no current, we say 1 or 0. The behaviors of these circuits form their own boolean algebra - instead of plus or minus and the lie, you instead have AND, OR, NOT, and XOR. Just as you say "1 + 1 = 2", you can say "0 AND 1 = 0". You can look up truth tables to see how these boolean operations work. There are fancier gates like the NAND, which you may have heard of regarding flash memory or SSD's, this is just an AND and a NOT gate in sequence, so the as the above would be "0 AND 1 = NOT 0 = 1". These simple building blocks can be assembled to build more complex behavior. If you look at the Wikipedia article for the Half Adder, you can see how addition is physically constructed in your CPU, because you can translate the logic gate symbols to circuits. A computer is capable of computing any computable number. Say that 10x fast... A computable number is a real number that is countable (most real numbers are uncountable). There are other properties of what a computable number is, but it gets mathy and over my head. 7 is a computable number, Pi isn't, as it can't be represented exactly by a computer - the best we can do is represent an approximation rounded to some decimal and call it good enough.


Question: why are sex and periods a social taboo but pregnancy is celebrated?

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 why are sex and periods a social taboo but pregnancy is celebrated?

Much of western society still has social mores left over from Christianity. A fear of menstruation, shame of nudity, and disgust of the reproductive process is what you get when you base those social mores on those of patriarchal bronze age goat herders.


Question: How does a computer delete something from it's memory?

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 How does a computer delete something from it's memory?

Information can always be destroyed. Imagine you have a line of ten pennies and you flip them all to 'tails'. The information of their prior state/orientation is gone. That's basically what computers do when they overwrite/delete data. Normally, however, when a computer is told to delete something, it doesn't actually delete it. Rather, it marks it to be written over with the next thing you save.


Question: Since chemical weapons were not used in WW2 out of fear of retaliation why would it be different for Nuclear weapons?

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 Since chemical weapons were not used in WW2 out of fear of retaliation why would it be different for Nuclear weapons?

The hope is that it *wouldn't* be different, and that no one will ever use nuclear weapons because they would in turn be attacked by them. Rationally, you would never do something that might result in a nuclear-armed nation being so mad at you they'd use their nuclear arms. Most nations only develop nuclear weapons with the thinking "now other (nuclear-armed) nations will think twice before attacking us." The worry is that this isn't a guarantee, and it only takes one fuckup somewhere for things to get really really awful for a lot of people. There have already been [a few cases]( URL_0 ) where a nuclear-armed nation thought it *was* under nuclear attack and almost retaliated. What would Hitler have done if he'd had nuclear weapons as an option when it was clear WW2 was lost? Might he have bombed the USSR and the UK in despair? What if new fanatical regimes like the Nazis appear in a nuclear-armed nation, and wind up in that situation? Or what if, say, a terrorist group had managed to acquire Soviet nuclear weapons during the collapse of the USSR and the wars and chaos of the 90s? Nuclear weapons and mutually assured destruction have likely contributed to the reltaive peace we've seen over the last 70 years, but 70 years isn't very long on the human timescale. So it's a fair thing to worry about IMO.


Question: When shooting a projectile at extremely long range, how does the Earth's curvature matter and how to calculate the path?

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 When shooting a projectile at extremely long range, how does the Earth's curvature matter and how to calculate the path?

Yes. That is for artillery and missile systems. The main effect of the curvature is that the the target will have a lower elevation then if you assumed flat. If you fire at at target at long range like 40 km the altitude will be 126m lower then if you assume flat. So the projectile with hit farther away because it have a bit longer flighttime. You also need to take the rotation of earth into consideration, Firing north and south you will have Coriolis effect. East and west you have the [Eötvös effect]( URL_0 ). Look at the wikipage [External_ballistics]( URL_1 ) for more factors. You can read a US Navy Range table for 16 inch guns on battleship from 1944. The instruction say that you have to that it in consideration if you gun director is stabilized compared to the horizon but not you look directly at the target. The instruction is to move the target down according to the drop URL_2 So you need to consider it if you aim for a coordinate on a map from a spotter on the front line but not if you aim directly with a optical sight because you have compensated for it but turning the sight. So it is for indirect fire not for direct fire depending how you get the target.


Question: Why do some fabrics become more comfortable the more they are washed (such as bedsheets) and some fabrics get less comfortable (such as fleece)?

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 Why do some fabrics become more comfortable the more they are washed (such as bedsheets) and some fabrics get less comfortable (such as fleece)?

I don't know about the more comfortable part, but I know why fleece gets scratchy and uncomfortable the more it's washed. It's because you're not washing it properly. Fleece should be washed inside out if possible, on cold, and never ever dried on a high heat. The problem is that the fibers in fleece fuse together and melt when it's not washed/dried properly. That's what makes it feel like that. If it's washed properly it can stay nice and soft for a long time. It took me until I was in my mid 20s to learn this because my mother never taught me to was clothes properly. Always read the washing instructions on the labels too. I hope someone else has a better answer for you.


Question: what is a character arc and how is one created?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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 what is a character arc and how is one created?

Basically, in fiction, it's the concept of having a character change over the course of the story. A coward learns to be brave for instance. Most people like it when the change is gradual and makes sense based on the events of the story.


Question: How heart rate sensor in smartphones detect user's heart beat through index finger?

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 How heart rate sensor in smartphones detect user's heart beat through index finger?

Pretty sure they’re optical sensors that use a bright light to illuminate your veins and then take a sort of “picture” of how rapidly the veins are shrinking and expanding.


Question: Why does campfire smoke smell good to start, but the next morning smells awful?

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 Why does campfire smoke smell good to start, but the next morning smells awful?

When wood is burned it releases a whole bunch of stuff into the air that make up smoke. All together it smells pretty distinctive and 'good'. Some of the stuff is heavy, some of it is light, some of it is oily, some of it isn't. The heavy, oily stuff gets absorbed into your clothes and hair. The next day a lot of those oily bits have dried up and the smell is gone, but the longer-lasting oily compounds are all alone now and their combined smell isn't quite the bouquet that you got when everything was swirling around fresh. Sulfur is a big one, ~~methane is also released~~. So next day smoke smell has more in common with farts than trees as far as your nose is concerned. *Edited because methane doesn't have an odor as u/lordofkonrad pointed out with his passive aggressive ...


Question: How does your mobile phone upload / send data to a cellphonetower or WiFi router?

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 How does your mobile phone upload / send data to a cellphonetower or WiFi router?

Big antennae allow for greater range of both sending and receiving radio signals. That's why you could, back in the day, get a big ol' antenna for your car that would boost the range that you could hear a radio station by for a bit. The antenna in your phone is large enough to receive and transmit back to the cell tower, but the cell tower's antenna is the major contributor to that situation; you'll notice that you need significantly larger and more exposed antenna in all but the most expensive walkie-talkies, which simply pick up and broadcast anything on a certain channel frequency, rather than use rotating code to tell a central controller/router what signals go to what devices.


Question: why does smoking marijuana and eating edibles give you such a different high?

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 why does smoking marijuana and eating edibles give you such a different high?

Because edibles get processed by the liver and that changes the THC compound to 11-Hydroxy-Metabolite which is stronger, and more psychoactive than the THC that is smoked.


Question: How does a Turing machine work?

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 How does a Turing machine work?

A Turing machine is not a real concrete thing, but a theoretical computer. It has an infinitely long tape with discrete cells. It's given the input on these cells. A "programmer" gives it instructions to read and write data in these cells to solve some sort of mathematical problem (such as sorting a list).


Question: So what exactly IS Separation of Church and State?

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 So what exactly IS Separation of Church and State?

> all generally saying that the wording is vague in the actual document It is vague because of separation of church and state is a principle, not an explicit law. The closest thing to law in the US is the 1st Amendment that prevents the government from endorsing a religion. > It means the government can't enforce/endorse any religion and no religion can control the government This is probably the closest to what the 1st Amendment says. Note that some people believe it only applies to different forms of Christianity or belief in gods, and not theistic beliefs are not covered. > The government can't endorse the church but the church can influence the government This is where a lot of people get confused. Most churches are also non-profit organizations and must follow the rules of non-profits in order to qualify for the tax exemptions. Many of those rules limit political activity. Churches are free to try to influence the government as much as the like, they would just lose their non-profit status. > Churches are allowed to do whatever and the government can't stop them Only to the same degree as any other organization. Most of a church's special status comes from being a non-profit and are things any non-profits can do as well. Legally speaking, there is almost no difference between a church and the Kiwanis or an archery club, they follow most of the same rules for non-profits. Discrimination laws are often applied more loosely to non-profits, because their mission is often affiliated with a specific group. The Sons of Norway are allowed to reject non-Norwegians, becasue that is what they are all about. Any religiously affiliated group can claim the entirity of their religion to be part of their mission, and use that as the basis of discrimination. But again, that is about being a non-profit, not a religious organization.


Question: What is the difference between mass and weight?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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 What is the difference between mass and weight?

Mass is independent of gravity. Weight is mass in a particular gravitational field. A thing masses the same here as it does on the moon, but it weighs a different amount here than it does on the moon.


Question: How do the carcasses of marine animals, particularly large ones like whales, not spread diseases throughout the ocean?

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 How do the carcasses of marine animals, particularly large ones like whales, not spread diseases throughout the ocean?

The same reason the carcasses of land animals don't spread diseases: it's difficult to spread diseases when you don't move around, and they're eaten before they have a chance to do much moving around. Apart from this, diseases that thrive in warmblooded air breathers rarely do particularly well in cold blooded water breathers. The environments are simply too different.


Question: Does carbonated water hydrate you the same way regular drinking water does? Does the carbonation process remove any minerals from the water?

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 Does carbonated water hydrate you the same way regular drinking water does? Does the carbonation process remove any minerals from the water?

Once carbonated water gets into your stomach it is just as regular water. The canonization process does not remove any minerals or anything. It just makes the water more acidic. The only effects this have apart from the fizz and the taste is that it damages your teeth and causes you to burp more. There is no other difference between carbonated water and regular water.


Question: Why is the "fast talk" at the end of radio commercials allowed to be so fast?

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<answer>
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 Why is the "fast talk" at the end of radio commercials allowed to be so fast?

It isn't allowed. "Fast talk disclaimers" are a violation of FTC advertising policies, known as the [four Ps]( URL_0 ): Prominence, Presentation, Placement, and Proximity. If you hear such an ad, you can report the company to the FTC.


Question: What happens in the body when people faint because they see blood?

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<answer>
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 What happens in the body when people faint because they see blood?

Sorry if this explanation isn't enough, when you see blood you become nervous, so your body tries to calm you down, but is an overshot and it reduces the blood pressure too much, that mean your brain doesn't receive enough oxygen to function properly and it power down aka faint.


Question: why do pillows get yellow spots, even when using pillow cases and pillow protectors?

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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 why do pillows get yellow spots, even when using pillow cases and pillow protectors?

You can wash your pillows as well, provided using the right detergent which keeps the feathers inside unharmed. The yellow spots are caused by sweat, no amount of pillow case will be able to absorb the amount of sweat you lose every night.


Question: How does this plastic surgery net thing work?

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</answer>
 How does this plastic surgery net thing work?

I found [this article]( URL_0 ) which explains that scar tissue has a different collagenous matrix than regular skin. Whereas scar tissue has collagen fibers that are arranged longitudinally, normal skin has fibers that are arranged in a "basket weave". This net that you speak of is possibly a "scaffolding" of collagen to promote normal skin growth rather than scar tissue growth although i cannot say for certain. Edit: The part i'm referencing here is just above section 3: mitigating skin wounding though i'd recommend giving the whole article a read it's quite fascinating.


Question: If a diamond can only be cut with another diamond, how was the first diamond cut?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a diamond can only be cut with another diamond, how was the first diamond cut?

A diamond can only be scratch with another diamond. You can still break it, actually diamonds can be somewhat fragile (I'm using a veeeery broad definition here) and can be broken with a hammer if you hit them in the correct place. If you grind diamonds with diamonds you'll get diamond dust that can be added to metal tools in order to cut and polish other diamonds.


Question: How does a CPU work compared to a GPU?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a CPU work compared to a GPU?

CPUs are general purpose processors, capable of doing *anything* but not very efficiently. You can freely load software onto them and run that software, it supports multiple tiers of operation (separating the operating system like Windows from its applications like firefox) and a ton of other features that make it appropriate for running software downloaded from the internet or bought on CD-ROM (haha, those days are over). GPUs are incredibly parallelized, like a CPU with a few hundred CPU cores and lots of math capabilities. However those cores lack the ability to efficiently communicate with each other and also most of the features that modern CPUs have described above. They're best used for straight-forward calculations that requires lots of cores that can all run similarly but independently. Rendering 3d images runs really well on GPUs, but true decision making logic runs best on CPUs.


Question: Why is the Mona Lisa considered one of the greatest artworks of all time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the Mona Lisa considered one of the greatest artworks of all time?

it was stolen from the Louvre and there was a lot of news about it. People followed the attempts to recover it. When it came back in it was famous. It's an okay painting, but that's why it's famous.


Question: Why does sneezing feel good?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does sneezing feel good?

Sneezing and orgasm work off the same brain mechanism, I believe I read somewhere it is a lower order function (from our reptilian part of the brain) that comes from our instinctual past and is coded I to our DNA


Question: How does mortgage amortization work ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does mortgage amortization work ?

So let's say you borrow $100,000 for 30 years at 6% (those numbers are to make the math easier to follow rather than being realistic). The loan payment is calculated to be a fixed amount that pays both the interest and principle back over the loans life. To do that each payment slightly changes how much interest and principle are paid. So in the first month your mortgage will need $500 to pay the interest on one month (the $100,000 balance times 0.005% or 1/12th of 6%). Your payment (we'll ignore escrow for now) will be a bit higher: $599.55, that amount includes $99.55 in principle payments. That amount is special because it's the amount that in 360 equal payments will exactly pay off the full interest and principle of the loan. That means next month your loan balance will be $99,900.45 and as a result next month you'll pay slightly less than $500 in interest and thus slightly more than $99.55 in principle. You can calculate the full table with a spreadsheet fairly easily, or your mortgage company will often provide an up to date amortization table based on any extra principle paid.


Question: Why is it called real estate? Are there other kinds of estate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it called real estate? Are there other kinds of estate?

Estate used to be a much more vague word - being used as fluidly as to describe something you have a vested interest in. For example, you could say "TaspiWunder's estate in the solid gold dildo they funded on Kickstarter has no effect on the company's decisions, but reflects their belief in the project." You can see that, in this instance, it's not entirely clear that the estate is a concrete *thing* that you *have,* but more describes the relationship you have with the dildo. Financial and legal demand for clarification created a need to add "real" to estates that were concrete and *real,* so your house - a long-term physical embodiment of a financial investment - would be considered *real* estate in that time. The use of estate in this way slowly faded away until the word found a clearer use in describing a complete collection of assets, rather than a financial relationship


Question: why do we look attractive in the mirror but bad in pictures?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do we look attractive in the mirror but bad in pictures?

2 reasons: 1- On the mirror you have control over the enviroment like the amount of light or your expression. 2- The reflection is the way the brain thinks you look. So when you look at yourself in a picture your brain it's confused because you're reversed


Question: is water from the dehumidifier and tumble dryer collection tank safe to drink?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 is water from the dehumidifier and tumble dryer collection tank safe to drink?

I wouldn’t drink it. Technically, condensed water is usually fairly pure, but these machines are not designed for this. How clean are the water tubes? How clean are the condensation coils? It’s like licking the condensation or frost off the inside of a window.


Question: Why do airlines seem to overbook flights so often, especially when they end up having to pay extra in rewards to passengers who give up their seats?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do airlines seem to overbook flights so often, especially when they end up having to pay extra in rewards to passengers who give up their seats?

There are always some people who don't show up so airlines use algorithms to predict how much to overbook so the plane will be exactly full. Of course algorithms like that cannot be perfect so overbooks at the gate still happen here and there. Apparently the bottom line works out better for the airlines even if they have to pay a few people not to fly.


Question: Why we need to spend so much money on tv cable when we already see ads on tv?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why we need to spend so much money on tv cable when we already see ads on tv?

A long time ago, people who are now 80+ years old, took a vote in November to have free TV with ads, or paid TV without ads. They voted the latter. Now through some loopholes, the paid TV services are allowed to sell airtime to advertisers at the customer's expense.


Question: Why do men with extreme baldness grow really full beards?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do men with extreme baldness grow really full beards?

Because baldness is often related to an excess of testosterone, which is in turn related to a full beard.


Question: When we're engrossed in an activity and someone says something or approaches us, we get 'jump scared' or startled. Why does this happen and why only sometimes, not always?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When we're engrossed in an activity and someone says something or approaches us, we get 'jump scared' or startled. Why does this happen and why only sometimes, not always?

I don't know the technical aspects of how our brain works in this situation, but the base level explanation is that we can only concentrate on a certain number of things at once and our brain blocks out all other stimuli so our senses don't get overloaded. In that blocked out state we are subconsciously hyper-aware of our surroundings but actively able to focus on only what is being fixated upon at the moment. When someone gets surprised/scared/startled in that moment, it triggers a fight or flight response in our brain because whatever shocked us is seen as a potential threat that we either need to run from or defend against. Hopefully that was a good enough explanation.


Question: Why do we see "fuzz" or "TV static" when we close or eyes, or even when we have them open in a dark room?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we see "fuzz" or "TV static" when we close or eyes, or even when we have them open in a dark room?

Because your eyes are constantly seeking stimulii. Your brain is not used to having a blank sheet, or in this case a black room. The same thing happens staring at a blank white sheet of paper. You start to see green and purple hues that disappear when you shift your gaze


Question: If I jump vertically inside of a train cart, I stay in the same spot. So, why is it that if I jump vertically on top of a train, I would fly off?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If I jump vertically inside of a train cart, I stay in the same spot. So, why is it that if I jump vertically on top of a train, I would fly off?

The air inside the train moves with the train. The air outside the train is stationary. The difference in speed is applying pressure on you. Only the drag of your feet on the train top is holding you. If you remove that drag. You fly (for a second or two)


Question: How can a parked car be towed? Wouldn't the wheels not rotate, especially if the hand brake is on?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can a parked car be towed? Wouldn't the wheels not rotate, especially if the hand brake is on?

Any car can be towed, the real question is if it can be towed without damage. Most modern passenger cars are front wheel drive, so if one of those doesn't have the parking brake set it can be safely towed by picking it up by the front wheels. If the parking brake is set it's really only safe to drag onto a flatbed. A rear wheel drive car can either be towed by lifting the rear wheels (not ideal in case the steering doesn't stay locked) or also by dragging it onto a flatbed. That all assumes that they wouldn't just pop open the car's door lock and release the brake and/or put it in neutral, though you can still damage a car by towing with the driven wheels on the ground even in neutral. All wheel drive cars should always be flatbedded.


Question: How did Planet Earth II get their shots without disturbing the animals?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did Planet Earth II get their shots without disturbing the animals?

They usually either use large telephoto lenses (like the Canon 1200mm L: URL_1 - this one is designed for photography, but it can be used with compatible digital movie cameras as well), or use concealment tents ( URL_0 ). Sometimes you use both at once.


Question: The difference, if any, in charges. Are magnetic and atomic (proton, electron) charges the same? What constitutes positive and negative charges? Is there any characteristic to a charge beyond the contrast to the other?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 The difference, if any, in charges. Are magnetic and atomic (proton, electron) charges the same? What constitutes positive and negative charges? Is there any characteristic to a charge beyond the contrast to the other?

There are a lot of different charges in physics, and while we don't have an explanation of "what charge is made of", different types of charge *do* behave differently. For example, electric charge only comes in two varieties: positive or negative. Color charge, which is the type of charge involved in the strong force, comes in six varieties: red, green, blue, antired, antigreen, and antiblue. So at least the electric and strong charges are definitely different. Positive and negative charges of the same type, though, are totally the same. Like you said, only the relationships between them are relevant. The sign itself could have gone either way.


Question: Why do the helicopters don't stop the engine while they're on helipad, for example while loading/unloading something?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do the helicopters don't stop the engine while they're on helipad, for example while loading/unloading something?

Most helicopters have gas turbine engines (some smaller ones have piston engines, though). In a gas turbine engine, the hot parts of the engine are always hot and the cold parts always cold while the engine is running. For the parts of the engine that get hot when running, they wear out fastest, and need to be checked for damage and replaced/repaired most often. Two factors are important in the lifetime of the hot parts of the engine: total running time, and number of cold-hot-cold cycles. When the part goes from cold to hot it expands, and repeated expansion-contraction cycles can cause cracks to form. An engine will have a certain number of start-stop cycles between major servicing, and by keeping the engine running for short stops, you are not using up an additional start-stop cycle in the engine component life. It uses more fuel, but is overall cheaper because servicing the engine is expensive.


Question: How do "change the picture with heat" mugs work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do "change the picture with heat" mugs work?

Some paints have a property named *thermochromism* (thermo = heat, chromism is a word used for processes involving colour changes) Specifically, dyes used for mugs and the sort tend to be leuco dyes, which can change between a form with colour and a form that is transparent. So you paint two images, with one available during one temperature, and another available during another temperature.


Question: What is the difference between forward and reverse osmosis?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between forward and reverse osmosis?

In osmosis, water travels through a membrane from a low-concentration (i.e. less dissolved solids) mixture to a high-concentration mixture until the concentration on both sides is the same. This happens spontaneously and can be quite dramatic if one side is extremely highly concentrated. This is why drinking salt water is so harmful, osmotic pressure starts sucking water out of your cells. *Reverse* osmosis is the inverse process, forcing water to cross from the concentrated side to the pure side. This *won't* happen naturally and requires high pressures, but also acts as a very effective filtration process because the membrane excludes most particulates and large ions.


Question: Why does being wet in the open air make you cold? Even if it’s warm air?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does being wet in the open air make you cold? Even if it’s warm air?

It's nothing to do with the warmth of the air. It is the fact that the water on your skin is using the energy from your body heat to evaporate. When it does this it feels cold. This is also the same interaction when you sweat and why your body sweats to cool you down.


Question: the economic behavior behind videogame publishers that release unfinished rushed games over and over again?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 the economic behavior behind videogame publishers that release unfinished rushed games over and over again?

Why would a game developer actually make sure the game is not buggy when they get the same amount of sales either way?


Question: what's a commercial hotel ? And is it different from a business hotel?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what's a commercial hotel ? And is it different from a business hotel?

A commercial hotel is a hotel that is designed for families and tourists. A business hotel is designed for businessmen who are traveling. Commercial Hotels are usually in touristy areas and business hotels are usually in financial/business districts


Question: How does art restoration work? For instance, if I found an old painting somewhere, and took it to a restoration specialist, what is it that they actually do to the painting?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does art restoration work? For instance, if I found an old painting somewhere, and took it to a restoration specialist, what is it that they actually do to the painting?

Any video from this channel does a hypnotically calming job at showing you how art gets restored and conserved. Even in ASMR. URL_0


Question: How does someone get crazy drone footage flying super high, across town, and through buildings? Isn't there range and lag issues?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does someone get crazy drone footage flying super high, across town, and through buildings? Isn't there range and lag issues?

There are sometimes lag issues and latency. But skilled pilots can handle it (to fly in a lot of public spaces you’re actually supposed to get a certification). For connection issues yea for cheaper drones. But some High end ones I know are able to handle half a mile to a mile in distance, and I’d imagine soem can go even further. At the end of the day it’s similar technology to radios/wallow-talkies at the basics, and portable ones of those can be rated for as far as 5 miles at the high end. So the answer is most normal consumer ones (like a couple hundred bucks) you’d probably run into some issues. But there are high end ones that cost thousands.


Question: Why is it that some people can climb tall mountains like Mt. Everest without oxygen, but most people can't?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that some people can climb tall mountains like Mt. Everest without oxygen, but most people can't?

Training. These people condition their bodies so they can last in high altitudes with little air


Question: Why is there hatred for Comic Sans font?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there hatred for Comic Sans font?

1. It was overused. You know that song on the radio that plays three times an hour? This is the font version of that. People got sick of it. 2. It was the font people used if they wanted to be "cool" and "slick". Want to be the cool boss? Post that memo on the bulletin board in Comic Sans. Eventually people rolled their eyes at it. 3. When you get down to it, it's not an objectively beautiful font. It's the font that most people would make if they randomly decided to design a font. It's sort of lowest common denominator font. 4. At the time it was popular, the internet was still emerging and websites were simpler. Font was a major design choice. So everyone noticed font. And to stand out, you might have chosen a unique font. Guess which one a lot of people chose for their new website? 5. At the time when Comic Sans was not hated, society was less jaded. The internet has spread since then, and with it, people have begun voicing their hatred for things more. People are able to share opinions way more easily today than they were back when Comic Sans was loved. It was a simpler time.


Question: How can two different observers see the same event happen at different times? Or the same two events happen in different orders?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can two different observers see the same event happen at different times? Or the same two events happen in different orders?

I assume you're talking about relativity here. A simple way to think about it: the light signals coming from the two events are moving through space, but the observer may also be moving through space — zooming away from one object's signal, while zooming toward the other object's signal. Meanwhile, a second observer might be going the other way, and/or in a different position.


Question: How do dividends work in stocks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do dividends work in stocks?

When you buy a stock, what you’re buying is a tiny percentage of that company. That gives you certain rights, including the right to vote for the Board of Directors and the right to receive dividends. A company that makes a certain profit can hold some of that cash as reserves, reinvest some of it in the company (like research and development, expanding its operations, or buying other companies), and pay some of it out as a dividend. The dividend means that the company is paying part of its profits as a payment to its stockholders, and anyone who owns stock in the company gets to share in the payment. If there are 100 million shares of the company, the dividend is $2 per share, and you own 37 shares, you get 37 * $2 = $74. A stock price technically reflects the expected future value of its dividends. Usually a startup or rapidly growing company won’t pay dividends at all. You buy the stock because of the possibility that there will be a much higher value in the future, which means that someday the company will pay dividends or otherwise cash out (like being bought out by a larger company or doing an IPO). But there’s the risk the company will never be profitable enough to pay dividends - many startups fail. Mature, stable companies (called “blue chips”) often pay a relatively reliable dividend every quarter (3 months) - Wal-Mart, Coca-Cola, Procter and Gamble, etc. So those are good investments for someone who isn’t looking to get rich but just wants a consistent income.


Question: How do spiders span the first strand of a new web without having it stick to walls, floors and other random stuff?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do spiders span the first strand of a new web without having it stick to walls, floors and other random stuff?

They wait for a strong breeze and throw a long piece of web silk - rather like a fisherman's cast - and lets the wind catch it and carry it across the gap. Then they reel it tight and walk across after having anchored another piece and either uses the original strand or abandons it in favour of the new strand. If the strand fails to catch something, or is not an ideal placement, the spider reels it back, eats it, and recycles it into new silk. & #x200B; It sounds like a joke answer, I know, but it's not. & #x200B;


Question: Why do different temperatures change how food taste?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do different temperatures change how food taste?

Not an expert but have some understanding from just one angle. Chemicals in food bind to receptors in your tongue and activate those receptors. These chemicals bind differently based on temperature as their properties might change ever so slightly. And all these slight changes of properties add up in the food you eat, which contains many different chemicals.


Question: Why does the current in a transformer not follow ohm's law or the AC equivalent of it but instead runs on the principle that Pin=Pout?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the current in a transformer not follow ohm's law or the AC equivalent of it but instead runs on the principle that Pin=Pout?

The transformer certainly follows the AC equivalent of Ohm’s law (current is voltage divided by impedance), but for an ideal transformer, the resistance of the transformer windings is assumed to be zero. So ideally, no power is dissipated in the transformer itself. However, if the transformer secondary is connected to a simple resistor as a load, then the resitor will follow Ohm’s law. And an ideal transformer will deliver all electrical power supplied to the primary into the load. Hence Pin=Pout. A real transformer will have power losses in the resistances of the windings as well as eddy current losses in the core.


Question: Why are smartphones incapable of setting two timers to run concurrently?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are smartphones incapable of setting two timers to run concurrently?

> for some reason the iPhone just can't seem to handle that colossal computing task. The technology exists my friend, and the iPhone... from a required computing power standpoint - is more than capable of it. But Apple has decided that _normal_ users clearly wouldn't need such a feature. Therefore you don't get it. By default I should add. There's tons of timer apps in the app store that do this. It all comes back to Apple's iOS design aesthetic - you can only do one thing at a time; by default few apps are allowed to even run in the background. To switch you have to go "home"... you don't even have a button choice. You have one button. DO as we say and do it how we say you should do it! Typical Apple. ** In any android's clock/timer app, its right there: "Add Timer" and you can have a bunch all going at once. So... TL;DR - why? _Because Apple hates you_ and only pretends to like you because of your money. ** while Im not an iOS developer (so what do I know), my honest software developer suspicion is that iOS is just a garbage operating system - they could totally do this... and have lots of background stuff going on, but I iOS is just not designed to do multitasking very well. So adding lots of background tasks would expose this and shatter the utopian user facade that Apple so polished. If iPhones (or their apps) crashed as much as some androids or Windows ones can, no one would pay $1000 for an iPhone.


Question: How do bail bondsmen make money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do bail bondsmen make money?

I'm a bail bondsman in CA. The 10% is called the premium for the service. The money we put up for your bail (the royal you here) is basically in the form of a check we give the County to hold in exchange for your release. If things ultimately go sideways, we lose that money (and pass the cost onto the people who signed for your bail - the whole 100% of your bail... not the premium %). Otherwise, if things stay cool, we get our money back at the end of the case or whenever we're released from the liability on the bond - can happen a # of different ways. This is called bail exoneration. Some companies can offer small discounts or rebates on the 10%. Usually for ppl who are military, union, or who have hired private lawyers. So that's one incentive to go with one company over another. Another incentive is sometimes simply a matter of convenience for you - what company is easier to reach / more available. At other times, you may end up in custody again on the same case and a company may have a "rewrite credit" available meaning they already posted bail for you before on that case, are still carrying open liability on it (your case is still ongoing and County still holding that bond check), and the bond company can choose to issue you that credit towards your new bail amount. It's 100% at their discretion though, so don't go kicking in doors at bail companies demanding rewrites. For example, you posted bail for $10,000 before then got arrested again on the same case... maybe for missing court or something. Only this time your bail is $15,000. The company you bailed with before can accept the higher liability and post bail for you on the $15,000, but will only ask for payment for the difference between the first bond and the new bond. So $15,000 - $10,000 = $5,000. Your premium is 10% of the $5,000, or $500. On a separate note, it's worth noting that when you bail out with a company, no matter what happens to your case, the agreed upon premium and any disclosed extra fees are still due. Sometimes you bail, go to court, and the judge tosses the case. Still gotta pay the premium (if on some kind of payment arrangement). Hope this helps!


Question: What properties does milk have that soothe the tongue/mouth after we eat something super spicy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What properties does milk have that soothe the tongue/mouth after we eat something super spicy?

Capsaicin is an oil (oil and water don't mix), and milk has lots of fat, protein, and sugar. All of these together bind the spicy stuff up so it doesn't burn your mouth.


Question: When a rocket slows down, what happens with the kinetic energy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a rocket slows down, what happens with the kinetic energy?

You are completely right. When a rocket slows down it loses kinetic energy and that energy needs to go somewhere. When a rocket fires its engines it spews out a lot of propellant at high speed. When the engine is pointed in the direction of travel these exhaust gasses will get the speed not only of the rocket but also from the combustion in the engine. So the exhaust gases have a lot more kinetic energy then the rocket. This is because the rocket gives its kinetic energy to the propellant. And this causes the rocket to slow down.


Question: Why do auroras always form as curved lines?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do auroras always form as curved lines?

Aurora form on curved lines because of the magnetic field of the earth. Above each magnetic pole is a "ring" where the magnetic lines of force are tilted downward enough to pull the high energy particles the sun is emitting down into the atmosphere. It's these particles colliding with the gasses at the upper layers of the atmosphere that cause aurorae. The aurorae are different color because of the different gasses. Oxygen gives the aurora their common green color but also sometimes red. Nitrogen can cause a really deep blue color. It really depends on how energetic the particles from the sun are and how hard they crash into the gas molecules in the atmosphere.


Question: How do we have "...94 million Americans out of the labor force"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we have "...94 million Americans out of the labor force"?

This number is technically true (which might a first for Trump) but nonetheless misleading. The 94 million statistic includes retirees, full-time students, full-time parents, and the disabled. In other words, he is counting everyone who doesn't work... Including the ones who don't want to or can't. This is not the same thing as talking about people who are attempting to find employment but cannot. The number of genuinely unemployed people is around 7.4 million. URL_0


Question: Is infinity+1 greater than infinity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is infinity+1 greater than infinity?

Infinity isn't a number, so adding to infinity just leads to more infinity. The cardinality of "infinity" and "infinity + 1" is the same, they are the same size. You can pair every number in "infinity" with a single number in "infinity + 1".


Question: What is the survival instinct?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the survival instinct?

You’re really asking a nature vs nurture question. With humans, we live in relative safety and usually almost never experience anything that requires our survival instincts to kick in, and on top of that, even if they did, our brains are able to overwrite it in the moment. With animals, they’re constantly living in a live or die situation, as well as being taught survival by their mothers/parents at the same time. Edit: To add to this, survival skills and survival instinct is not the same thing. Survival skills is having the skills necessary to survive in the wild. Example being: knowing what’s edible and what isn’t, knowing how to hunt, knowing how to find water, knowing how to find or build a shelter. Survival instinct is a fight or flight response. Example being faced down by a bear, you either run or you fight to stay alive. It also involves other things but that’s the large majority of it.