Question: Why does it seem like the last few 1 or 2 percent of a download, update, etc, take forever compared everything before it? Like if it takes 5 minutes for the first 98% the last 2% take 5 minutes alone! Why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it seem like the last few 1 or 2 percent of a download, update, etc, take forever compared everything before it? Like if it takes 5 minutes for the first 98% the last 2% take 5 minutes alone! Why?

Imagine that you live in a tropical jungle and that you need a new bed, but the only shop is 2 km/1.2 miles away. Therefore, you send Bob, your friend, to get it. It is very easy to estimate how fast it would take Bob to go to the shop and come back, since you know how far it is, and how fast Bob walks. But, what if Bob met a lion or a buffalo blocking his path? He'd take longer to go and come back, but you wouldn't have a lot of ways of knowing what happened. Downloads work in the same way. Some downloaders estimate the time it'll take to get a file but then slow internet happens (Lion) or there's a lot of people downloading that file at that time (Buffalo) and it slows down the process. Even if the process bar is moving along, if it hasn't adjusted to such changes, then it'll move up until 99%, then stay there as it finishes up the download. Now take the same example of Bob from above. Obviously Bob cannot carry an entire bed with him by himself for that distance easily. But, he can take one leg, bring it back, go back for another, go back for the mattress and so on and so forth until you have all the pieces you need to make a bed. However, you'd still need to put the pieces together to have the complete bed. Same thing with downloads. They don't send the entire file, rather they send little bits and pieces (These are called packets) with instructions on how your computer/phone will put the pieces together. Downloads usually get assembled towards the end of the process, which also makes the last few steps longer than the rest of the process.


Question: How Does National Debt Work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How Does National Debt Work?

The US Treasury issues debt instruments called bonds. A bond is a promise by the government to repay the cost of the bond, plus interest, at a later date (10, 20, or 30 years). People buy these bonds because they are an incredibly safe investment. The US government *always* honors its bonds. The biggest single holder of US bonds is the US Social Security Administration, and the majority of bonds are owned by US citizens and US companies. International companies and foreign governments also invest in US bonds, because they are such stable investments. So a country's debt isn't really like personal debt at all. The "worst case scenario" for national debt is a default. That is if the government just can't (or won't) pay the interest on its bonds. The consequence of a default is a loss of confidence in the value of bonds, which makes it more expensive for the government to borrow money. As long as the government can afford to pay its bond obligations there's really no downside to national debt. If you're the US and your bonds are the safest investment on Earth you reap major benefits because you can "borrow" money at insanely low (or negative) interest rates.


Question: What makes rent so high in some areas for small apartments, and so low in others for relatively large apartments?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes rent so high in some areas for small apartments, and so low in others for relatively large apartments?

It can be largely based on surrounding areas income but it’s mostly just location. Are you in close proximity to a large employer (like a medical center?), close enough that people wouldn’t *have* to drive? Then it’s gonna be higher, marketed towards medical employees. It’s based on a lot of factors, but for most apartments that aren’t really near any significant employer but are surrounded by general urban sprawl, just check the average income for the surrounding neighborhoods and such. If it’s high, probably in a ‘better’ part of town. Low, ‘worse’ part of town and the rent reflects it


Question: Why do I wake up at the weekend at exactly the same time that my alarm wakes me up during the week?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do I wake up at the weekend at exactly the same time that my alarm wakes me up during the week?

The whole process is called your Circadian rhythm Your body secretes more of certain hormones at different times in the day. Melatonin is typically released at night and it is the hormone responsible for maintaining a consistent sleep cycle and is one of the factors that make you 'tired'. This is done in order for your body to make sure you get enough rest each night. Through routine your body learns that at whatever time you wake up, to slow down the release of melatonin and start secreting hormones that make you active and awake. Unfortunately for those with busy week schedules this can make sleeping in on weekends difficult because your body doesn't care what day it is.


Question: What are the biological advantagse and disadvantages of trees shedding their leaves vs keeping them all year round (deciduous vs coniferous)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the biological advantagse and disadvantages of trees shedding their leaves vs keeping them all year round (deciduous vs coniferous)?

Deciduous trees shed their leaves in order to conserve energy. Leaves take energy to maintain, so it's advantageous for the tree if it does not have to deal with leaf upkeep when there is limited warmth and sunlight (in other words, winter). The downside of this is that deciduous trees have to regrow all their leaves the next year, which is something that evergreens do not have to deal with (by the way, I think the question should be deciduous vs evergreen, but that's another topic) For a non-ELI5 explanation of advantages vs disadvantages, Wikipedia has some pretty good information: URL_0


Question: What happens to detergent when you run water over it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens to detergent when you run water over it?

The bubbles and the water have the same chemical composition, and it's useful to know that if your water is not producing bubbles when you disturb (put air into it), the water/detergent mix has been saturated with oils and you should add more detergent or replace the water. The bubbles form with detergent due to different surface tension properties. Also, detergents aren't disinfectants; their role is to dissolve oils and other food waste. Food waste is a rich food source for bacteria and fungi, whereas clean plates are not. Detergents get rid of the food waste so it goes down the drain in the dishwater, leaving you with a clean plate with minimal ability to carry microbes.


Question: How do stock exchanges, market values and of the like work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do stock exchanges, market values and of the like work?

Ok, owning stock in a company means you own a percentage of that company. (Though it could be a very small percent, like 0.0001%). Stock exchange’s allow you to trade these portions of the company you own with someone else who wants to own them for money. Basically selling the percent you own to them. The value of the percent you own will change depending on how the company does, if it does well, the value goes up, if the company does shitty, the value goes down. Billionaires like Jeff bezos (amazon founder) own big chunks of massive companies (like Amazon). They can then sell off slivers of what they own for thousands, hundreds of thousands, or even millions of dollars whenever they need cash. And the reason of a “paper billionaire” not being a real thing is because whole hypothetically it’s possible, no one actually has all their money in stocks. They’ll always have some cash on hand, and in an emergency could sell all their stock for tons of money. Also “liquidation” just means selling something to have cash. Which is a “liquid” asset because it’s really easy to trade (buy stuff) with.


Question: Why companies buyback thier own stocks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why companies buyback thier own stocks?

Company XYZ has $1 billion of cash spare. It doesn't need the cash, and the board of directors decide they want to return this cash to its shareholders. However, rather than doing this by simply paying a dividend, which would be taxable, they decide instead to buy back some of their shares. They think the share price is low enough to justify this. Let's keep things simple and say that the company is worth $6 billion, divided into 6 billion shares. That means each share is worth $1. The company spends the spare $1 billion, buying back 1 billion shares. Once they buy them back, they retire the shares, so they no longer exist. The company is still worth $6 billion. It still makes the same amount of money. The only thing that has changed is the number of shares that are on the open market. Now, that $6 billion is divided amongst 5 billion shares, meaning that now each share is worth $1.20. The company has managed to return that $1 billion to the shareholders, who can now choose to keep or sell the shares at their leisure. They also did it in a tax-free way. That, basically, is share buybacks.


Question: When tapping your fingers on a table/desk, why is it smoother to go from pinky to index finger as opposed to the opposite direction?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When tapping your fingers on a table/desk, why is it smoother to go from pinky to index finger as opposed to the opposite direction?

Your pinky and ring finger are connected to a certain extent. You can test that by bending your pinky to touch your URL_0 is basically impossible without also moving your ring finger. When you tap down with your pinky your ring finger automatically moves with it


Question: What is stock exchange and how does it work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is stock exchange and how does it work?

There are multiple Stock Exchanges, which are physical places that stock brokers used to go to trade stock in companies. The most well-known exchange is probably the New York stock exchange, also known as Wall Street (because it's literally on Wall St. NY, NY). When a company needs investment funding, they will often open up their businesses to a stock exchange, selling stocks. Traditionally, stocks were literal pieces of paper you could buy at a stock exchange and represented like .0001% of a company or something like that. Now stock excanging is mostly done digitally by computers. The physical stock exchanges are full of servers that are constantly buying and selling stocks from each other. (A lot of this process is now even controlled by AI which is kinda terrifying if you think about it.) If you want to buy a stock now, you do it online through a 3rd party website like E-Trade who facilitates the buying and selling of your stocks at your direction (for a modest fee) or through a broker who buys and sells on the market for you.


Question: Why are some economically powerful nations have such a low currency and vice versa?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some economically powerful nations have such a low currency and vice versa?

Because the value of a country's currency has nothing to do with the strength of their economy. A country decides what their currency is worth. Wether it stays at that value or not is how you know it's a strong economy.


Question: What happens to the data from an install if I stop the install before it's complete?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens to the data from an install if I stop the install before it's complete?

the downloaded files will usually be stored in a folder designated by the system as temporary storage*. Some installers will check for this already downloaded data and resume where you left off. Others (e.g. Origin client) simply start over from the beginning. The install itself (copying files from temp storage, creating registry entries, etc.) will almost always have to be restarted from scratch simply because it's easier (for the programmer) to just make the necessary changes than it is to check what changes have been made already. *temporary storage just means the operating system is allowed to delete those files if it needs the space (some will even clear this area of old files on a regular basis)


Question: How come gas in intestines travels downwards while surrounded by feces which have higher density?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come gas in intestines travels downwards while surrounded by feces which have higher density?

Peristaltic waves kind of push everything along. Different sphincters in the bowels prevent backflow.


Question: Why are the imperial units so weird?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are the imperial units so weird?

Many imperial units kept changing (by region and also over time) until the British government fixed the values. Feet, yards, furlongs, miles, nautical miles. None of them are 10x or other clean multiple of each other.


Question: What emits light at the centre of galaxies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What emits light at the centre of galaxies?

Stars are packed much more densely near the centers of the galaxies, because they are attracted by those black holes. So it’s all those stars all around those black holes that emit the light that we see at the center.


Question: Where does wind come from? Like I understand how a fan makes wind but where does natural wind comes from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does wind come from? Like I understand how a fan makes wind but where does natural wind comes from?

When air is heated, it expands and rises. When air cools, it contracts and falls. The sun is constantly heating part of the atmosphere while other parts cool. The parts that are heated not only rise but push out, while the parts that cool fall and pull air around it in. This is also greatly influenced by mountains, flat planes, etc. I think the solar wind plays a part too.


Question: How does the screen rotation of a mobile phone or similar devices work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the screen rotation of a mobile phone or similar devices work?

Most modern phones have two sensors in them called an accelerometer and a gyroscope, the gyroscope is pretty good at detecting which way is up, but it can be helped by the accelerometer which measures speeding up and slowing down in certain directions, once the phone uses the gyro and accelerometer to determine which way is up, if your phone is sideways it knows and rotates the screen to match the real world


Question: Why do we study Limits in Calculus?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we study Limits in Calculus?

Calculus, both integral and differential calculus, is based upon limits. We don't actually reach our answers but we get infinitely close to it. You can't calculate instantaneous rate of change (the value of the derivative) without using two infinitely close points. Well, you *do*, but not without using limits to derive that ability. The rules of differentiation can be derived (no pun intended) by taking the limit as delta approaches zero blahblahblah you know the rest. Similarly, when calculating area, you're actually calculating the sum of an infinite number of rectangles. As you approach an infinite number of rectangles, you approach the actual area under a curve.


Question: Why couldn't taxes be the same for every level of income? Why do there have to be brackets?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why couldn't taxes be the same for every level of income? Why do there have to be brackets?

Even taxes across the board creates a heavier burden on lower income houses than on higher income ones because a larger percentage of your income goes to mandatory basic needs when you make less(food, shelter, transportation). There is a minimum on just how little you can live on, and living expenses don't scale linearly with income so higher income households have a larger discretionary budget, higher taxes cut into the discretionary budget which they don't like, but they are not at risk of not being able to meet basic food and housing needs due to the higher taxes as opposed to a lower income household


Question: Why is there no TV equivalent to pirate radio?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there no TV equivalent to pirate radio?

Here’s a pretty good example from decades ago. (Not a true “pirate TV station”, but an impressive feat for its time. URL_0


Question: Why does soda from plastic bottles not taste as good as cans or glass?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does soda from plastic bottles not taste as good as cans or glass?

Plastic is more porous than metal or glass. Over time the air exchange makes the soda flatter in plastic. Also, plastic can leech chemicals into whatever it contains.


Question: What causes that unique smell of snow?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes that unique smell of snow?

Cold air dampens your sense of smell because it numbs the scent receptors in your nose. Also, similar to rainfall the water has been cycled from source to cloud to destination so it is fresh and not stagnant like a pond could be. Static water goes off due to external chemicals leeching into the water and contaminating it. So what you are smelling is true H2O. Similar to if you burn your tongue food tastes different.


Question: How does programming a video game work? Can the devs test it at any given moment?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does programming a video game work? Can the devs test it at any given moment?

Generally, a program must be "compiled" to run. Compiling the the process of taking human-readable programming and turning it into computer-readable machine code. When programming, the programmer will do a bunch of changes, compile the program, and test the compiled version. They will then find bugs, go back and fix the bugs, and recompile the software. This process continues until the program is ready.


Question: Why do some flavors seem to blend together to make one unique flavor (think pb+j) while some flavors even when combined just taste like two separate flavors and don't work well together?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some flavors seem to blend together to make one unique flavor (think pb+j) while some flavors even when combined just taste like two separate flavors and don't work well together?

Besides a general “taste,” flavours also have an “intensity.” I would imagine two medium but different flavours (salty peanut butter and sweet jelly) go well together, or even one intense and one light flavour. But two really intense flavours with different tastes would clash and cause the brain to perceive an unpleasant sensation.


Question: Why are tennis balls a bright neon-ish green while baseballs are white/ivory?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are tennis balls a bright neon-ish green while baseballs are white/ivory?

Woohoo! One I know and actually something I've asked somebody during a job interview. They weren't always the yellow colour(known as optic yellow) they were more commonly white but in the 70's some research was carried out around how to make sure the balls could be seen on colour tv. This lead to the development of the modern colour. As for why baseballs remain that set colour I would hazard a guess as it's more iconic for a baseball to be white with red stitching .


Question: What is enthalpy and what is Electronic Gain Enthalpy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is enthalpy and what is Electronic Gain Enthalpy?

Enthalpy in general is energy released (or gained). It typically refers to heat but is also attributed to crystal lattice energy and electron orbitals Electron gain enthalpy is the change in energy when a gas atom (no valence electrons) gains or loses an electron


Question: How can I stick out my tongue?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can I stick out my tongue?

Your tongue actually has eight muscles, not one. One of those is attached to the front of your lower jaw, and pulls the whole lot forward. Edit: grammar


Question: Why are residential solar panels common, but not wind turbines? Or water wheels for people who live by rivers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are residential solar panels common, but not wind turbines? Or water wheels for people who live by rivers?

You can buy them, but they are usually quite expensive. After all, they need to be durable in order to run for years. But the real problem is that ground level wind is a lot weaker than at the altitude that real wind turbines are positioned, so you're not getting a lot of power. I've only ever seen them being used on boats, running the fridge and other low power devices.


Question: How are statistics calculated for events influenced by multiple variables/parameters?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are statistics calculated for events influenced by multiple variables/parameters?

By making a multi dimensional function, we can define some outcome by multiple inputs. For example, z = x + y, z is defined by two inputs, x and y. For probabilities involving multiple steps, or probabilities that involve previous conditions, we refer to Bayes theorem, which tells us the relationship between two statistical events.


Question: Are driverless cars at the point where, faced with a crisis, they can choose to hit a tree instead of a child?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are driverless cars at the point where, faced with a crisis, they can choose to hit a tree instead of a child?

No, the self driving cars of today can't make "lesser of two evils" decisions. But lets approach this philosophically for a second. What you're describing is a version of the trolley problem where the subject (the car in this case) is required to make moral decisions about which person(s) to kill. In this case, the decision is between the passenger(s) of the car and a child who runs into the road. I would argue that even when cars can determine that it is a living human child that has run into the road, that the car should not endanger the passengers. Obviously the car should apply breaks as soon and as hard as possible, but swerving should only be an action to avert collision entirely and never to decide which thing to hit. This stance rests on a few points: 1. If there's a protocol in the self driving car that prompts it to kill or endanger the passengers, then it can be tricked into killing the passengers. 2. I won't buy a car that might decide to hurt me for some reason. 3. If cars and the software engineers behind them make those decisions, they become liable for those decisions, opening a legal and moral can of worms that nobody wants to touch. Imagine if the car swerves, killing the passenger and 10 old people in order to miss 3 children. Who decides that my life and those of 10 old people is greater than the children? Are 3 children even worth 11 adults? The answer to that question depends on who you ask. It's far better to not force the car to make that decision at all because... 4. Above all else, cars on the road need to be **predictable**. That's the whole point here. The goal of the self-driving car is not perfection. The goal is a highly predictable and safer-than-human driver.


Question: I know kernel is important and critical part of Android. But what exactly is it? How does it work? Why are there so many different version of it. And if Android have it, do iOS have as well?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I know kernel is important and critical part of Android. But what exactly is it? How does it work? Why are there so many different version of it. And if Android have it, do iOS have as well?

If you think of a computer as a company where programs are employees doing many different things, the Kernel would be a high ranking manager. It's most important job are assigning processing time slots to the many different programs running on the computer, assigning memory space to programs, giving programs access to external devices like thumb drives and also controlling which programs get to use what kind of functionality and data on the computer. For example, if you give an Android app some sort of permission, this tells the kernel that the app is allowed to make calls etc. If an app does not have the permission, but tries to make a phone call, the kernel will just refuse access to the part of Android that handles phone calls. It's a safe bet that any kind computer that handles many different things at once has a kernel. Even the ones built into household electronics, like smart lightbulbs will have a rudimentary kernel in them.


Question: -How do seeds work???? I was just eating an apple and for some reason the unappreciated potential of the apple seeds struck me.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 -How do seeds work???? I was just eating an apple and for some reason the unappreciated potential of the apple seeds struck me.

Fruit seeds are distributed by the animals that eat the seeds - fruit exist as an incentive to eat the seeds. Seeds are indigestible, unlike the rest of the fruit, so it passes through the digestive system and ends up in poo, where it germinates using the nutrients from the poo. Then it's the normal plant growth cycle. But if you're asking how seeds know to germinate, then there's a reason why plants (and seed banks!) know to keep their seeds dry. Seeds germinate (start growing) in the presence of water, since fertile soil is usually wet.


Question: Why do Mars surface images have orange sky?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do Mars surface images have orange sky?

Mars has an atmosphere so the sky will look similar to the Earth during the day. You can see that in some of the pictures you linked. However, there is no liquid water on Mars, which means that the atmosphere is very dusty and its that dust that you're seeing in the pictures that have a reddish tint to them. Again, in the pictures with low amounts of dust the sky looks fairly similar to how it does on Earth. Everything on Earth is really wet, including the dirt. Water acts kind of like a glue for dirt, keeping it from turning into dust and getting kicked up into the atmosphere. This means that there is little to no dust in the Earth's atmosphere. Since there is no water in the dirt on Mars, its very easy for it to turn into dust and get picked up by the wind.


Question: Why do surfaces (e.g. painted walls) change colour when wet - even with a clear substance such as water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do surfaces (e.g. painted walls) change colour when wet - even with a clear substance such as water?

It all has to do with how light is reflected. Our eyes take in light that bounces off surfaces, like you catching a ball your friend threw at the wall. When a surface is wet, there’s a liquid layer on it. Light bends when it’s in a liquid. Ever notice how your straw looks like it’s cut in 1/2 in a glass of water? It’s because of how the water bends the light as it passes through. So when light hits a surface with let’s say water on it, it bends the light slightly more than the dry surface so when it reflects it’s a little bit different than the light around it, making it look different. (Please note I say bend as a general term to keep the explication more simplistic)


Question: How exactly does extreme pressure create heat/friction?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly does extreme pressure create heat/friction?

For most gases, the general rule of thumb that follows is that in a constant volume, if you increase the pressure, you will also increase the temperature. This is due to forcing the particles to be closer together, increasing their chances to encounter and in turn increasing their kinetic energy. When it comes to the sun, we are talking immense amounts of pressure, under which the temperatures reach star level temps.


Question: Why aren’t helicopters used to rescue hikers and remove bodies from Mt. Everest?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why aren’t helicopters used to rescue hikers and remove bodies from Mt. Everest?

The air in too thin and they can't fly that high up. They create lift by pushing air downwards. The higher up you go, the less air pressure you have, the less downward force a helicopter can make to fight gravity.


Question: What would happen to a human staying in the Wendelstein 7-X while operated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen to a human staying in the Wendelstein 7-X while operated?

As the temperature inside reaches 100 million degrees, the person would be killed very quickly.


Question: why is pi infinite and how come we can still use it to calculate something finite (like the area of a circle)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is pi infinite and how come we can still use it to calculate something finite (like the area of a circle)?

Pi isn't infinite. It's decimal portion is infinitely precise. As for how we can calculate it, we have figured out formula for Pi. For instance, one of them is that `π/4=1-⅓+⅕-⅐+⅑...`. you can just keep calculating more terms and getting closer and closer to the actual value for Pi.


Question: Why does bruising a fruit make it go bad?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does bruising a fruit make it go bad?

When you get a bruise on your arm, your body reabsorbs the blood from damaged vessels through various means. If you cut your arm off, there’s no immune system or circulatory system available to respond, so the blood in the bruise rots and spreads to the rest of your arm. It’s kinda like that.


Question: Why is perpetual motion impossible? For example, can’t you just redirect some of the energy produced from a generator into keeping itself running?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is perpetual motion impossible? For example, can’t you just redirect some of the energy produced from a generator into keeping itself running?

We always lose some energy in the process. It's sort of like going, "Can I pour water from a bottle into a cup, then pour that water back into the bottle, and keep doing that forever?" You could do it for a while, but eventually you are going to have some of that water evaporate, or spill some, and while it'd be only a few drops lost at a time, eventually you'd run out. Perpetual motion is sort of like that. 100% efficient energy conversion isn't possible with our current understanding of physics. So it'd be like "I take 100% of the energy from the generator, but am only able to get 99% of that energy back into it to keep it running." You lose some energy as heat or light or friction or some other forms, and while you can be very efficient, after a while you will run out of energy that way.


Question: What is happening when you hold your leg or press your foot a certain way and it begins to tap rapidly for as long as you hold it there? Does that exercise the surrounding muscles?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is happening when you hold your leg or press your foot a certain way and it begins to tap rapidly for as long as you hold it there? Does that exercise the surrounding muscles?

You have muscles that pull in opposite directions so you can move your limbs in both directions. When you hold your foot at the balance point between two opposite muscle groups it shakes because both side are pulling equally. Like a really quick tug-of-war with part of your leg.


Question: How does a chameleon change it's body color?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a chameleon change it's body color?

Chameleons have light-reflecting skin layers. They can rearrange the skin cells in these layers, so light reflects differently off their skin, thus changing the way we perceive it, often leading to a different color.


Question: why do we find it so comfortable to cross our arms or legs? Surely sitting with legs flat and spread and arms at our sides is more natural and comfortable.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do we find it so comfortable to cross our arms or legs? Surely sitting with legs flat and spread and arms at our sides is more natural and comfortable.

One limb is allowed to completely relax the muscles on top of the other. If you cross your left leg over your right leg, you're allowing your left leg to be completely at rest, so it feels good. That's why the other limb can get stiff after a while.


Question: Why do wet clothes stick to your body?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do wet clothes stick to your body?

I've actually thought about this before, and it's a combination of extra weight and the surface tension of water.


Question: how air gets “thinner” with elevation but a water bottle expands and becomes pressurized?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how air gets “thinner” with elevation but a water bottle expands and becomes pressurized?

Air pressure is the weight of the air pressing down on you. The air gets thinner with elevation because less air is above it to press down on it. That also is why the water bottle expands. The bottle retains the pressure from the lower elevation and when you bring it up, less air presses down on it. So since there is more air inside the bottle it tries to expand to equalize the air pressure with the surrounding.


Question: Why are we scared from spiders and bugs and little creatures when we know they can't do anything for us?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are we scared from spiders and bugs and little creatures when we know they can't do anything for us?

Dont bugs carry disease? I think theres a few parasitic bugs too..... Small bugs arent going to attack you but I'd imagine we avoid them beacsue they are uncleanly Ticks are a great example, parasitic bugs that carry disease


Question: How can I go to sleep extremely hungry/thirsty yet wake up and not feel the hunger/thirst at all?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can I go to sleep extremely hungry/thirsty yet wake up and not feel the hunger/thirst at all?

After the energy of the food you consumed is used up, your blood sugar drops and the body enters a fasting state. The liver releases small doses of glucose by breaking down glycogen to maintain your blood sugar (in your case while sleeping). So when you wake up your blood sugar is at the right level and you don't feel hungry.


Question: Why is functional programming said to be better for multithreading than object oriented programming?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is functional programming said to be better for multithreading than object oriented programming?

It's all about data immutability and, more generally, managing state. Functional languages, in general, embrace and even enforce data immutability. You can't change your data, which means other threads can't change the data, which means you can't have conflicts or data corruption due to multithreading. With OO languages you can do the same exact thing by keeping your data immutable, but by tradition OO languages don't treat data immutability as the default. It's often easier to make mutable state data than it is to make your data immutable. This leads to situations where you have to worry about the same pieces of data being modified simultaneously on multiple threads, which means you need locks. Locks slow down performance and can lead to other problems as well (deadlocks, lock contention, etc) Multi-threaded programming is a bigger and deeper topic than most people like to acknowledge. Getting it right is extremely difficult. Making data immutable by default seems like a real small thing, but it's one less thing for a programmer to worry about.


Question: How can the emotional numbness that comes with depression make one physically numb too?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can the emotional numbness that comes with depression make one physically numb too?

I’ve grown so numb over the years I can punch any hard surface and not feel a thing. I used to be in physical pain everyday and now I don’t know if it stopped or if I’m just used to it. It’s whatever really.


Question: The Birthday Paradox and what are the odds that someone was born the same month and day (not year) as me?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 The Birthday Paradox and what are the odds that someone was born the same month and day (not year) as me?

Because it's not a chance of YOU having a birthday the same as 1 single person sample size (1/365). It's the chance of ANY 2 people in the room (of 23 in the most common example) having the same birthday.


Question: Why when you use a phone camera to take a picture of a computer screen, does the picture turn out slightly distorted with weird lines in it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why when you use a phone camera to take a picture of a computer screen, does the picture turn out slightly distorted with weird lines in it?

It's called a moire pattern. The computer screen is a grid of pixels, and the camera is another grid of light sensors. Those weird lines come up when you put two grids on top of each other, and they don't line up quite that well. You can see the same effect when you put something like a piece of mosquito screen on top of another piece. Nothing to do with refresh rates and shutter speeds and whatever.


Question: How would giving $1000 to every citizen affect the economy? Would the cost of everything just increase?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How would giving $1000 to every citizen affect the economy? Would the cost of everything just increase?

does everything increase when you get a tax rebate?


Question: What is that yellow stuff that builds up in the corner of the eyes every night?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is that yellow stuff that builds up in the corner of the eyes every night?

The eyes constantly emit tears to collect debris from the surface of the eye and remove them. This happens during sleep as well except you aren't blinking to move things along. The result is a crusty collection of proteins and debris at the edges of the eyes upon waking.


Question: Couldn’t you theoretically charge an electric vehicle by driving through magnetic fields?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Couldn’t you theoretically charge an electric vehicle by driving through magnetic fields?

There are talks of wireless charging systems for EVs. Which this idea is very similar to, so yes. But if you are thinking this means an electric vehicle could drive forever, no. You don't just create energy out of nowhere. What you do is turn kinetic energy (motion) into electrical energy. Like in generators you actually have to use energy to push against the magnetic field and produce electricity. In this case, the car now has to push against the magnets. This means that at best the amount of energy the car would get will be exactly equal to the amount of energy it spent moving over the magnets. The laws of physics mean you can never ever do anything more than break even. And in reality, you will have a ton of losses.


Question: Why do radio stations play the same songs 24/7?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do radio stations play the same songs 24/7?

The station(s) you are listening to are going with the theory that people only listen to their station for short periods of the day, such as during a commute. They want people to tune in, so want to play the couple of hundred of songs they think they'll want to hear. They are not catering to the few people who may have a station on all day, as that's a much smaller demographic. They want the larger demographic for the advertising dollars. In addition, Clearchannel will tend to have a heavy rotation of their artists, as in the ones they are promoting through Ticketmaster and their venues.


Question: What makes the human body age/deteriorate?while we are young,our body develops and repairs faster compared to older self.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes the human body age/deteriorate?while we are young,our body develops and repairs faster compared to older self.

Very simply put: your cells can only replicate a certain number of times (around 7-8 times) due to DNA replication restraints. So when you have hit that cap, you are stuck with the same cells that wither and age.


Question: Why in videos do some lights appear as flashing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why in videos do some lights appear as flashing?

I'm not sure if this is what you meant but for example TL lights actually do flash, but so fast our own eyes wont really see it. When you film, however, the framerate of the camera may not be in sync with the flashing of the lights, which make you see it on film. It's kinda the same as when you film an old tv screen.


Question: What makes permanent marker, permanent? and an eraseable marker, eraseable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes permanent marker, permanent? and an eraseable marker, eraseable?

Even "permanent" markers can often be removed by the right solvent. Markers have a liquid solvent that evaporates when they dry. That solvent (or a related one) can often be used to break up the pigment left behind. Many "permanent" markers can be erased by using alcohol. Ones that are sturdier and more resistant to that can be removed with other solvents. For the ones that are intended to be temporary, there are different kinds. A dry erase marker is designed to dry to a slightly greasy powder on a flat non-porous surface like a whiteboard. This just gets wiped off easily, because the material that's left when the solvent dries out doesn't bond well with the surface. If you use that same marker on something porous (like a game mat) it will act like a "permanent marker" and stain your mat, because it will bond to that surface. A non-dry erase marker isn't designed to be non-binding like that and can stain a whiteboard. However, in both cases, they can be removed with some care and the right solvent. There are also wet-erase markers that are designed for game mats. These chemicals, when they dry out, don't bond deeply to the surface and when their solvent is readded, the dry parts dilute into liquid again and can be wiped off.


Question: How do video games swatters figure out the location of their victims?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do video games swatters figure out the location of their victims?

Not an expert, but Ill try to ELI5 this: So the U.S. Government makes many records public, including things like who lives where. You can search up much of the information in the whitepages. Many people have also, at some point, used their real name on the same account as they used their username. From there you can probably get someones state just by asking, inferring through things like an IP address (you can get a range of up to a few cities if youre lucky,) or getting to know them, from there you'll need a varying amount of information to infer which `John Doe` is them. Now, you know who they are, who their family is, how much their house costs.... its endless.... and scary


Question: Why do some nuclear detonations leave craters, and others don’t?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some nuclear detonations leave craters, and others don’t?

It's a choice of the person detonating the bomb. In Japan, the US wanted to damage the largest area with "enough" damage to knock down buildings. An air burst provides high pressure over a larger area, and no crater. In other situations, you can apply the "most damage" to the ground by setting off the nuke right on it. This was done with a relatively short tower in the Trinity blast, leaving a crater of the glass-like mineral trinitite.


Question: For those of us with horrible allergies: How does the body not run out of snot? Eventually, you'd have to dry out, right?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 For those of us with horrible allergies: How does the body not run out of snot? Eventually, you'd have to dry out, right?

Snot, like most things made by your body, is mostly water. When sick or suffering from hay fever, your body starts consuming extra water to produce mucus and snot. It absolutely is possible to get dehydrated because of this. If you've ever heard someone tell somebody with a cold that they should make sure to drink plenty of fluids, this is partially why.


Question: Why are circles and angles made around a 360° system instead of the usual 100 or 1000?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are circles and angles made around a 360° system instead of the usual 100 or 1000?

Number systems that divide evenly by 10's are a relatively new invention. Metric dates to the French Revolution. Getting a country to change a system of measurement is extremely difficult to implement but France was in turmoil and they were willing to change a lot of stuff, including the system of measurement. Imperial measurements like Miles, feet, inches, pre-date metric units by a long time. This also includes our system for measuring time, and degrees. Unlike Metric these systems were developed independently from each other so they have no standardization. That's why they don't all divide equally by 10. Today that seems like an obvious thing to do, but no so much hundreds of years ago. Degrees were used by ancient peoples to track the position of the stars in the sky. At the time the Babylonians thought a year was 360 days, so there is a degree for each day. It's as simple (and technically inaccurate) as that. 360 remains in use for practical reasons as well because it's very easy to sub divide. You can evenly divide 360 by 180, 120, 90, 72, 60, 45, 40, 36, 30, 24, 20, 18, 15, 12, 10, 9, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 giving you alot of varying sizes of pie segments to work with. Like everything else metric the french did develop a system of degrees in 10's (gradians) but like metric time (yes that's a thing) it didn't catch on.


Question: Why do some countries teach multiplication tables to x12, and others teach to x10?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some countries teach multiplication tables to x12, and others teach to x10?

12 is an important number historically for various systems of measurement. 12 hours in a day. 12 inches in a foot. 12 eggs in a dozen. 12 is handy because it can be divided by 2, 3, 4, 6 evenly. So many things were done in lots of up to 12. So if you wanted to multiply lengths, you're going to be doing something like up to 12 inches, then you are worrying about 1 foot + 1-11 inches. But if you want to multiply lengths of up to 12 feet, you've got all of the tools you need. You need 4 lengths of wood which are each 3' 11", how much wood do you need? You need 3x4 = 12 feet, plus 3x11 11 x 4 = 44. 4 x 12 is 48, which is too high, 3 x 12 = 36 gives 3 more feet, and 44-36 = 8 means 8 inches left over. So you need in total 15 feet, 8 inches to make 4 lengths of 3 foot 11 inch wood. You can do things like multiply any measures in feet and inches up to just before 13 feet long with 12x12 multiplication tables. When you move into metric, multiplication tables up to 12 aren't more important than multiplication tables up to 10. You're just about as likely to need to worry about 13 cm as you are 12 cm or 14 cm.