Question: how is comic sans design murder?

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 how is comic sans design murder?

It isn't - it is all about context. If you want to have comic sans on the packaging of a child's toy, it is completely acceptable. Having comic sans as your font at your gradma's funeral is not acceptable. Most of the times people make fun of comic sans, they are actually making fun of comic sans being used in situations where an other font would be more appropriate.


Question: What is the difference between electronic and digital signatures?

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 What is the difference between electronic and digital signatures?

Well, first of all - they are indeed not the same thing and the confusion is quite wide-spread. The term **“electronic signature”** as by ESIGN Act (US federal law about the use of electronic records and electronic signatures) means pretty-much any electronic manifestation of intent/consent, for example a tick in Terms & Conditions checkbox, an image of a handwritten signature or a name in the end of the email. A **digital signature** is actually a type of electronic signature that uses cryptography to sign documents and uniquely associate them with signers normally with the help of digital certificates. It means each signer needs to have a digital certificate so that to be linked to the document and to be identified. There are various options to get these certificates, for example from the Certificate Authority or even from the government institutions - they are obliged to guaranteed person’s identity. Basically, electronic signature is showing your intent to do something, like signing a contract, accepting terms or do business electronically. Digital signatures is about person’s authentication and proving that you are who you say you are. For a user, both electronic and digital signature looks quite similar. But digital signature have a lot of cryptographic action under the hood that binds the information to the person. Hope this helps! Materials used to answer this question: [ URL_1 ]( URL_1 ) [ URL_2 ]( URL_2 ) \- actually a quiz with answers [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) [ URL_3 ]( URL_3 )


Question: How do restaurants like KFC manage to keep their recipe a "secret" when they have thousands of employees working for them worldwide?

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 How do restaurants like KFC manage to keep their recipe a "secret" when they have thousands of employees working for them worldwide?

As someone who works in fast food, basically your just taught how to cook and build said foods. Everything that's high end, either is premade or made by managers. For example, ik big mac sauce is 1000 island sauce, and some other ingrediants, but i don't know them. My bosses do though.


Question: Why is fusion much more difficult than fission?

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 Why is fusion much more difficult than fission?

The elements we use for fission are big relatively unstable elements. They only need a slight nudge to start the process. This can even be started from nearby elements undergoing fission. However there is only a few different elements that can sustain fusion and they are already quite stable. You need a lot of energy to get them to fuse together. And when you do manage to start the process it creates much more energy then fission making it hard to control. We have been able to start nuclear fusion for half a century but not controlling the release of energy so it does not obliterate the device and everything nearby. The challenge we are trying to solve is how to contain that much energy until we can extract it to generate more power then we used to initiate the fusion process.


Question: If wind is caused by pressure differences, why is there no constant updraft due to low pressure the higher you go?

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 If wind is caused by pressure differences, why is there no constant updraft due to low pressure the higher you go?

The vertical difference is pressure is only enough to *equal* the downward force of gravity. They're balanced out.


Question: If an atom is so profoundly tiny that only recently we could actually "see" them, with even SEM's being nowhere near powerful enough, how were we able to confirm sub-elementary particles such as Quarks existed, aside from inferring their existence via mathematics? Can we "see" them now, too?

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 If an atom is so profoundly tiny that only recently we could actually "see" them, with even SEM's being nowhere near powerful enough, how were we able to confirm sub-elementary particles such as Quarks existed, aside from inferring their existence via mathematics? Can we "see" them now, too?

Quarks pop out of the math. They are far, far too small to be probed ("seen"). In fact, quarks exist only in the sense that the Standard Model requires them, but if the SM is supplanted by another, more complete theory that didn't include quarks (or, put more directly, supplanted by a theory that made better predictions than the SM or made both all the predictions the SM can as well as additional predictions it can't and such a theory did not include quarks), then the existence of quarks would be seen as unnecessary and quarks would no longer "exist."


Question: Why do hurricanes follow the coast rather than dissipating or just crossing over the land?

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 Why do hurricanes follow the coast rather than dissipating or just crossing over the land?

The dominant winds are driven by the heating and cooling of the air above the earth. As the storm moves northward, it passes a point where the winds generally blow westward rather than eastward. This pushes them in a curve as their east-west speed changes while the north-south speed remains more or less constant.


Question: Why is destructive interference unnoticeable, say if you have two sources of light and you move them around?

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 Why is destructive interference unnoticeable, say if you have two sources of light and you move them around?

The wavelength of light is smaller than the smallest thing a human eye can see, by far. So these effects are too fine in scale for us to see.


Question: How did Amazon get away with not paying any taxes this year?

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 How did Amazon get away with not paying any taxes this year?

I'm a tax accountant at a large public accounting firm. Not going to claim I'm an expert, but I took a quick look at the income tax footnote in their 10-K. Amazon paid $1.2 billion in income taxes worldwide in 2018. They explain that they have a significant tax credit carryforward (which reduces their taxes) due to research and development along with a fairly large net operating loss carryforward (prior year losses can be used to offset future taxable income). They also have a worldwide current provision of $756 million, which is what they expect to pay in income taxes next year. The part that everyone is upset about is that their current federal provision is a benefit of $129 million, basically saying that their federal deductions and credits will not only offset their total income, but give them a benefit as well. This is primarily being driven by a benefit of $1.1 billion due to excess stock based compensation. When their employees exercise their stock options, Amazon gets a deduction (which does have limitations) equal to the difference between what the employee paid for the stock and what it sold for. That's my basic understanding of the situation.


Question: What determines the calorie density of foods? Why do some natural foods (like mushrooms) have a low density of calories while foods like potatoes have a relatively high density of calories?

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 What determines the calorie density of foods? Why do some natural foods (like mushrooms) have a low density of calories while foods like potatoes have a relatively high density of calories?

Their density varies because we tend to eat different parts of the organism. Mushrooms are 'spore spreaders' and thus are built as light weight standing structures. Potatoes are roots of the potato plant and are thus used to store energy for the plant. The reason for the mass being 'gone' is that most organisms are largely built from water which offers no calories and thus isn't listed.


Question: why are consoles so much cheaper than building/buying prebuilt normal computers?

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 why are consoles so much cheaper than building/buying prebuilt normal computers?

Economy of scale and Xbox/PS doesn’t expect to turn a profit on the consoles alone. Licensing rights, fees from marketplace, subscriptions, game fees, etc make up the bulk of their revenue. Think about how much you spend on games over the life of a console.


Question: What makes soft drinks from different fast food restaurants taste so drastically different from each other?

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 What makes soft drinks from different fast food restaurants taste so drastically different from each other?

There are a number of minor factors including strength of syrup mix, cleanliness of equipment, temperature, diameter of straw. But the no1 and biggest factor affecting the taste is the taste of the local water the syrup is mixed with. This is very very apparent when you travel between different geographies/countries.


Question: Why does it take more Delta-V to shoot somebody into the Sun?

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 Why does it take more Delta-V to shoot somebody into the Sun?

Imagine you're a superhero on the roof of a speeding truck, it's going 100 km/h. You need to jump off the truck to the ground, and in order to not hurt yourself and scrape your knee, you need to be falling *straight downwards* when you land. You can't have any horizontal momentum. This means you're gonna have to be able to launch yourself backwards off the back of the truck at 100km/h, so that your launch speed counteracts the speed of the truck and your resultant ground speed is 0km/h. In order to make something fall *into* the sun, instead of falling into orbit around it, we need to do basically the same thing, except the moving truck is the earth and it's going 30km per second.


Question: how do meterologists predict the weather for a full season? i.e this winter will be colder than usual but with less snow than last year. Doesn't weather change daily depending on wind patterns, etc?

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 how do meterologists predict the weather for a full season? i.e this winter will be colder than usual but with less snow than last year. Doesn't weather change daily depending on wind patterns, etc?

Yes, weather changes daily and is very difficult to predict. As a result, seasonal forecasts aren't very accurate -- such forecasts are only barely better than guessing, except in a few geographic locations. I found [a scientific article from 2012]( URL_0 ) analyzing the US Climate Prediction Center's 3-month forecasts. Most seasonal forecasts you'll see from TV meteorologists are probably based on the CPC's forecast. [This picture]( URL_2 ) is not a forecast -- rather, it summarizes the accuracy (or "skill") of the temperature forecasts over a 15-year period. The darker colors correspond to areas where the forecasts were more accurate. A score of 0 means a forecast that is no better than guessing. The average score was 0.03 (very close to chance), and the best score of around 0.24 was achieved only for a few pixels in Arizona. For comparison, the leading medium-term weather model at the time was the ECMWF, which (at the time) [had a skill score of about 0.5 for the forecast 5 days out]( URL_1 ), and even the 14-day forecast had a skill of 0.08. So the long-term forecasts are much, much worse than the short-term ones, though still better than chance. So, once you've accepted that your forecast is not going to be very accurate, how do you make a long-term forecast? There are some signals based on large-scale weather patterns. "El Niño" is a famous example. In some years, the water off the west coast of South America is warmer than usual. In these years, people have noticed that the weather tends to be different in other places as well. For example, southern California is more likely to get heavy winter rain in such years. So that would go in your seasonal forecast. Where there isn't a known large-scale pattern that might affect the weather, you can still make a prediction based on long-term trends. The most notable trend is global warming -- just by predicting "warmer than usual" you could have done pretty well over the last 25 years. There is another approach too, which is to just make it up completely. This is the approach taken by the Old Farmer's Almanac and other less reputable weather predictors. Since even high-quality 3-month forecasts are not very accurate, the "make it up" approach is only slightly worse, so they can get away with this sort of thing.


Question: Why do you feel cold when you have a fever?

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 Why do you feel cold when you have a fever?

A fever is when your body is trying to raise its internal temperature to kill a virus. Normally your body temperature is about 98F. Your body has a ton of mechanisms to maintain that temperature. If you get too hot, you sweat, if you get too cold you shiver for example. If you are in a room at room temperature, your body is nice and happy. If you go outside where it's cold, you feel cold but also your body temperature starts to drop. When it drops all the mechanisms to heat it up come online. When you have a fever, instead of your body aiming for a nice and healthy 98, it aims for something higher (say 104). Now, your body that was comfortable at room temperature is suddenly TOO COLD. Your 98 degrees is lower than what your body is calling for so you start to shiver and get chills.


Question: - where do the seeds come from to grow seedless varieties of fruits?

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 - where do the seeds come from to grow seedless varieties of fruits?

The approach is different depending on the type of fruit. Many are grown via cuttings or grafting of the parent seedless plant. Which does not require seeds. Some of them are species that will naturally grow seedless fruit if you cover the flowers to stop them from being pollinated. Some of them are sterile hybrids whose parent plants were two slightly different species.


Question: How do pharmacies keep in stock so many various drugs in varying dosages?

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 How do pharmacies keep in stock so many various drugs in varying dosages?

The same way any store stocks anything. They have a storeroom where they keep medications in bulk bags, boxes, and bottles. If you have a prescription, they just take the prescribed number of pills out of the bulk bag of pills for that drug in the prescribed dose. Liquid medications can be a bit different because the pharmacist might have a concentrated bottle of the medication and have to dilute it to the appropriate concentration or otherwise mix medications, fillers and flavors together. But yea, basically like any other store has so many items


Question: Why are there clothes which have pockets but they are sown shut?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why are there clothes which have pockets but they are sown shut?

Sometimes it's just to keep them from collecting dust. You're supposed to cut them open after you buy them. Sometimes they're just decorative.


Question: Can someone please explain to me the effect that the metabolism has on weight?

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 Can someone please explain to me the effect that the metabolism has on weight?

If you eat more calories than you expend, you'll gain wait, and if you eat fewer calories than you expend, you'll lose weight. Your metabolism is basically the rate at which you are always spending energy, doing things like breathing, digesting food, sending signals through neurons, generating heat, beating your heart etc. There's going to be variations in metabolism due to genetics and all sorts of factor, which will increase or decrease the "calories out" part of the equation. This means that someone with a faster base metabolic rate should theoretically gain weight more slowly than someone with a slow base metabolic rate. In reality though, it's a small amount if energy, especially compared to the energy expenditure of someone who is active and exercises. The number of Calories you eat is the most controllable and important factor for weight loss. Nobody's metabolism is too slow to lose weight.


Question: how is it that dairy can give people constipation, but then can also cause diarrhea?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 how is it that dairy can give people constipation, but then can also cause diarrhea?

The problem with people who can not eat dairy product is that they do not produce the lactase needed to digest the lactose sugar molecules found in milk. So the lactose just goes through the digestion system until it gets to the big intestines. This is where the bacteria is. And some of the bacteria is able to digest lactose and are very good at it. So these bacteria multiply and cause all sorts of issues.


Question: Why can't the mouse cursor move off screen on the left side when it can on the right?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't the mouse cursor move off screen on the left side when it can on the right?

The cursor is actually only one pixel. The top left pixel of the pointy thing So when you run it to the right most of the pointyctjing can run off the screen but not the left row of pixels of the cursor. When you go to the bottom, the top row stops.


Question: why is it that sometimes when I'm writing a word it suddenly doesn't seem like the right way to spell it or it just seems weird that it actually is a word?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is it that sometimes when I'm writing a word it suddenly doesn't seem like the right way to spell it or it just seems weird that it actually is a word?

Semantic satiation (also semantic saturation) is a psychological phenomenon in which repetition causes a word or phrase to temporarily lose meaning for the listener, who then perceives the speech as repeated meaningless sounds.


Question: How does our bladder avoid low pressure when we're peeing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does our bladder avoid low pressure when we're peeing?

When you have a solid tank full of liquid, the pressure gets lower as the volume of liquid gets lower. When you have an elastic container like a balloon full of liquid, as long as it's stretched out, even a little by the volume of liquid, the internal tension on the material trying to stretch back to its unstretched size will keep the pressure pretty high. Think of your bladder like a water balloon, and not a water bottle


Question: Why does wine oxposed to oxygen turn into vinegar but whiskey oxposed to oxygen remains whiskey. Shouldn't the alcohol transform into acidic acid?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does wine oxposed to oxygen turn into vinegar but whiskey oxposed to oxygen remains whiskey. Shouldn't the alcohol transform into acidic acid?

Wine is fermented just once. Vinegar is a product of a second fermentation, after wine is made. Oxygen itself doesn't do it. Bacteria are needed. Edited for clarity and correct info.


Question: When snow is on the ground, why do only a few dots of snow reflect? Why isnt it a sheet of reflective light?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When snow is on the ground, why do only a few dots of snow reflect? Why isnt it a sheet of reflective light?

Snow is crystalin in shape. Only those crystals that are in the correct position to reflect the light back to your eyes, shine. Imagine a 1000 randomly scattered mirrors and 1 bright light, you will only see the light in the mirrors that are angles correctly to reflect the light back to your eyes.


Question: Why do cities/highway lights waver from a distance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do cities/highway lights waver from a distance?

The density of the air you are viewing the light through is not constant, but varies over time. This density variation causes the wavering or flickering we lercieve from distant lights: city lights, street lights, even stars.


Question: How does doxxing work? Besides the obvious, personal information, what should I avoid sharing online?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does doxxing work? Besides the obvious, personal information, what should I avoid sharing online?

Your name is Abdullah, you are 29 years old and live with your parents. You're from Pakistan and are a semi-devout Muslim. I found this from a brief scan of your Reddit history. I also found a link in one of your posts that, in the metadata, showed your full name. Upon googling your full name and occupation, I found a website that uses the same icon from your Reddit profile. I also found your LinkedIn and Instagram page, the former of which states what city you live in and latter of which contains pictures of you in various places around that city. Several of those pictures show pictures of both the inside and outside of a house, which can then be cross referenced against pictures from Google Street View to locate your approximate (if not exact) address. Public records associated with that address reveal the names of two people who share the surname from your LinkedIn profile, along with the phone number of those two people, which based on your Reddit posts, would also be your phone number. A search through a combination of leaked databases and public records found several email addresses associated with that phone number, one of which closely matches a username you use online. So with a little bit of digging, I found your name, phone number, home address, email, occupation and age.


Question: why Planet Fitness advertises itself as a “judgement free zone,” but then also has an alarm installed at all its locations that effectively judges anyone for being a so-called “lunk”?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why Planet Fitness advertises itself as a “judgement free zone,” but then also has an alarm installed at all its locations that effectively judges anyone for being a so-called “lunk”?

What's the deal with no gallon water jugs either?


Question: Why does air not fall to the ground due to gravity? Also, why do lighter than air gases like helium rise?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does air not fall to the ground due to gravity? Also, why do lighter than air gases like helium rise?

It *does* fall to the ground. Gravity, along with Earth's magnetic field, help keep our atmosphere intact. Lighter gasses don't really rise, they are pushed up as the heavier gasses fall below them.


Question: What makes PNW forests very un-walkable and Northern European forests very walkable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes PNW forests very un-walkable and Northern European forests very walkable?

Speaking as someone who lives in the PNW, you've mischaracterized our forests. They're plenty walkable the way you describe Sweden/Finland. Sure, you do occasionally have larger plants, but most of the time it's little stuff that you can step over.


Question: What is the difference between a Blue Screen of Death on Windows and a Kernel Panic on Mac/Linux?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between a Blue Screen of Death on Windows and a Kernel Panic on Mac/Linux?

The kernel have the job of managing other tasks on the computer. If they fail, the kernel will kill them and maybe restart them. No biggie. But the kernel can't restart it self, so it just gives up. Most kernel error are (or used to be) crappy hardware drivers, that need permission to run on the kernel layer, because it's the only place you access to everything on the computer. But to answer you question: it's the same thing, by different names and can happen on all computers


Question: Why is the North Pole considered the top of the world and the South Pole considered the bottom?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the North Pole considered the top of the world and the South Pole considered the bottom?

Top and bottom are relative. Consider where the most powerful empires are and have been, and where most of the people live and have lived, and that people tend to want to be ‘above’ rather than ‘below’, then you get the orientation we are used to: North as ‘top’ and South as ‘bottom’. But there is no ‘real’ top or bottom: it’s just a social convention.


Question: What is actually happening to your body when you “pop” your knuckles, back, neck, etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is actually happening to your body when you “pop” your knuckles, back, neck, etc?

It’s because of the gas in the joins - your friends is correct, it goes no where, it stays in the joints. When you pop a joint, it’s extending until it can no longer do so, thus forcing the gas into a large bubble which then pops under a change in pressure. The gas just goes into smaller bubbles pretty much. EDIT: that’s a very brief explanation.


Question: If the Multiverse Theory is true, is there a universe where it isn't?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the Multiverse Theory is true, is there a universe where it isn't?

That's a paradox. That can't be true because if it was true then it couldn't be true as the truth would be that it's untrue.


Question: Why do people have irrational fears or phobias?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people have irrational fears or phobias?

People have "irrational" fears for the same reason they have "rational" fears - the brain thinks that reacting to them will increase your odds of survival in a fight-or-flight situation. Basically, the reason some fears might seem irrational is that there is a disconnect between conscious thought and your brain's fight or flight system. This disconnect is what allows you to react to something quickly before you consciously analyze the situation. The reason some people have certain fears (bees, heights, spiders, etc) and some don't is that a person's brain may or may not have a learned or innate reason to fear something. Innate factors are behind most phobias that don't stem from experience or an event, but to the brain, they carry just as much weight as learned phobias that stem from experiences.


Question: Why doesn't ice get squishy when it thaws?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why doesn't ice get squishy when it thaws?

the short answer is, it does. when you try to heat up ice from an external heat source, the outer surface is likely to melt before the inner volume warms sufficiently, but ice in temperatures well below 0c is more solid. The molecular bonds are locked in, rigid, and therefore harder. If Ice is left at temperatures close to 0c, the molecular bonds are weaker and you'll find that ice can actually bend. It's a lot easier to see on a larger scale, such as glaciers, but yes, as ice temperature gets closer to its melting point, it does get more malleable.


Question: Why changes in bread that makes it stale? Why does it make it inedible? And how does covering it prolong it's life?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why changes in bread that makes it stale? Why does it make it inedible? And how does covering it prolong it's life?

As bread goes stale, the water in the starch moves to other parts of the bread, such as the crust, so that the starch returns to a dense, hard state, like it was in uncooked flour form. This gives stale bread its crunchy texture. On the other hand, when you fry potato chips, any water clinging to the potato starch evaporates, resulting in that satisfying crunch. As the chips are exposed to air, however, the water in the air binds to the starch in the chips, making the chips pliable again. The solution for this one is simple: invest in some chip clips to keep air away from your chips to keep them crunchy.


Question: how do the native people in the very cold regions pee?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do the native people in the very cold regions pee?

the videos you see of water freezing in mid-air only happens because the water is forcefully thrown up into the air causing it to break apart into small droplets which have a large surface area relative to their size so it evaporates and cools down very rapidly unlike a stream of urine. Secondly, urine has salts in it which lowers the freezing temperature.


Question: - If a mortgage group goes bankrupt, what happens to the mortgage of the properties of the people that financed through that group?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - If a mortgage group goes bankrupt, what happens to the mortgage of the properties of the people that financed through that group?

The mortgages are assets and are sold on to another company and the money used to pay some of the creditors of the mortgage group.


Question: Why do we yell or make noise when we’re injured?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we yell or make noise when we’re injured?

Evolution. Mammals from groups who yelled louder when hurt would warn their friends about a potential attacker who could help or run, both better than standing around doing nothing. The yelling also triggers a fear response so we are programed to be alert of potential threats.


Question: How do significant figures in math work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do significant figures in math work?

Let's imagine that you are planning to run errands. You know that you have to go to the grocery store, and that will be about $50. You need to get gas, and that will be about $25. You also want to grab a sandwich, and that will be about $8. If someone were to ask you how much money you were planning to spend today, you would not say "about $83". You'd say, "about eighty bucks". The three dollars part is uncertain, as it arose from estimations that are probably inaccurate enough to change that 3 into something else, but the eighty part is more certain because the variation of all the things you buy is less likely to change the 80 into a 90. All measurements that you make have some inherent uncertainty to them that is similar to the above example. When you use a normal ruler that has cm and mm marks, you can know that you have something that is, say, 5.5-something cm long. But you don't exactly know what that "something" part is, the little bit that is in between the lines of your ruler. Those can add up over time. The rules governing significant figures are there to ensure that these little bits of uncertainty do not get forgotten about and "promoted" to being considered certain based on inattention. As an example, if I gave you a piece of cheese that has been measured to be 5.0 cm long and ask you to cut it into 2 equal pieces, it would be incorrect to say that each piece was 2.50000000000...cm long, even if it's what your calculator said. Because that 5.0 cm measurement could be anywhere between 4.96 cm and 5.04 cm to begin with.


Question: How does an EMP work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does an EMP work?

Electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves are all intimately related. Generally if you have one then you can produce either of the others, given the right arrangement and motion of your components. For example, a coiled wire with electric current running through it will become an electromagnet, a spinning magnet can be used in a generator to make electricity flow, and an antenna can convert absorbed radio waves (a kind of EM wave) into a bit of electricity. Generally when you look at antennas you're looking at incredibly small amounts of electricity created from the absorbed radio waves. The radio waves are pretty low power and the receiver is very sensitive, while the antenna is typically designed to be sensitive mostly just to a small sliver of the radio spectrum. With an EMP you get such a strong burst of radio waves (and other EM radiation) that practically anything can be an antenna--wires in devices, even the bits of metal on circuit boards that carry signals from one chip to another (called "traces"). If it's conductive then it'll convert some of that radio wave into electricity. This can have two effects. The first is that if that wire was carrying a signal then it's likely that the real signal will be overridden by the noise of the EMP. Many signals are robust against some level of noise and dropout like this, but few systems can operate with everything going wrong at once. Often a device will recover from this effect, although any persistent memory could have its contents erased or randomized leaving the device effectively unusable. The other effect is more destructive: the electrical energy has to go somewhere, and that somewhere is more often than not heat. The amount of heat that devices can take is limited, especially on the very, very small scale. If too much electric current is induced in just the wrong place then a component can fail, and if that component was important then the device may be rendered completely inoperable.


Question: Why does a circle have 360 degrees?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a circle have 360 degrees?

You are completely right that 360 is an arbitrary value. You have the full history here: URL_0 But the summary has to do with the use of sexagesimal (base 60) numeric systems, it being easily divisible by most small natural numbers, and a year taking close to 360 days (rotation of the earth around the Sun). Note that the decimal numeric system (base 10) is a relatively recent convention. In fact, the radian URL_1 , and not the degree is the standarized unit for measuring angles, with a full circle having 2 pi radians (~6.28). It is still somewhat arbitrary, but simplifies certain operations.


Question: Why are people against the California High Speed Rail?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are people against the California High Speed Rail?

Almost no public transit systems cover their costs via fares. Thus, continuing taxpayer subsidies are required to keep the systems running. In a State with a huge and growing budget deficit, the rail system may be viewed as unaffordable, unsustainable, and thus unjustifiable.


Question: but why is it bad for usa to have an immigration policy but not other countries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 but why is it bad for usa to have an immigration policy but not other countries?

It's not considered bad for the US to have an immigration policy, it's that many people feel that our specific immigration policy is based on racism, on not wanting people from certain parts of the world, not because of who they are, but because of the color of their skin. Likewise, many people feel that the American immigration policy is overly cruel on the Central American farmers who we depend on for our agriculture, as a lot of American farms use Central American laborers who don't have permission to be in the country, and we feel they should just have the permission to be here if they're already working here.


Question: How is real estate used to launder money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is real estate used to launder money?

It is a high value asset which can be easily sold without attracting too much attention and can be bought in a different country than the source of the money. You sell $3 million in gold, diamonds etc. and you will attract a lot of attention sell $3 million in property and no one bats an eyelid. With property also you don't need to move the item just sign some papers and ownership transfers from one person to another no need to smuggle anything through customs.


Question: Why do those deep sea animals dont feel extreme water pressure when they are swimming in very deep region?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do those deep sea animals dont feel extreme water pressure when they are swimming in very deep region?

The pressure itself actually isn't that problematic. I'm going to use a human diver to illustrate the problem. When you dive down from the surface, the deeper you go, the more water is pressing down on top of you. As you can imagine, putting weight on top of something will compress it, if possible. But, organisms are mostly made up of water. And the water inside you doesn't compress any more than the water around you. That's why you can scuba dive quite deep without being crushed like an empty can. If you go deep enough, the cavities in your body eventually will get crushed like that empty can. But you actually have to go really, really deep before that happens. Long before that happens, you do run into other problems though. For instance, if you want to inhale with all that pressure pushing down on you, your chest is going to have to move all that water aside. You're not strong enough to do that, that's why divers used pressurized air. On the surface, you inhale by moving your chest so air gets sucked in. Underwater, the pressure from your air tank inflates your chest like a balloon when you inhale. And while fluids (like your blood or the fluid in each of your cells) don't compress any more than the surrounding water, but gases are very easily compressed. Your body has cavities that contain gas, like your lungs and your sinuses. Your body also has dissolved gas in your tissues, like the oxygen and nitrogen in your tissues. As you go deeper, that gas compresses. And because that gas compresses, more of that gas can fit into your body. For example, at the surface, your lungs can contain about 6 litres of air. At just 10 metres depth, the pressure has increased by 1 atmosphere and your lungs can now contain 12 litres of gas. The deeper you go, the more gas gets compressed. Your lungs contain more gas but your tissues also absorb more gas. Now imagine what happens when you quickly swim to the surface. The pressure reduces and all of that gas starts to expand. If you held your breath, your lungs now contain 12 litres of gas in a set of lungs that can only fit 6 litres at surface pressure. And the same thing is happening to all that gas that is dissolved in your tissue. I'm sure you can imagine that's some bad news. So how does that relate to deep-sea animals? Well, as we discussed, it's not so much the pressure that's a problem but pressure changes. Most deep-sea animals share common adaptations. Their bodies contain very few hollow spaces. Fish that live in shallow water often have gas-filled swim bladders that help them change depth while swimming. Deep-sea fish don't have swim bladders and they try to have as few hollow spaces as possible. Their stomachs are often kind of collapsed sacks for instance that just stretch around things they eat. Deep-sea fish also tend to have very slow metabolisms that require much less oxygen than surface animals. This is good because it means there's less gas in their bodies and slow metabolisms need less food. This is convenient because deep-sea water is low oxygen to begin with and food is scarce. Animals that switch between the deep sea and the surface often have adaptations that help them deal with changing pressure. Sperm whales, for instance, have very flexible skeletons with lots of cartilage between bones. That helps their bodies move and settle as pressure tries to compress them. But while the depth doesn't bother deep-sea creatures. Sudden depth changes will affect them the same way they do us. If the gas in their bodies expands faster than they can expel it from their bodies, they'll die from decompression.


Question: Why do beaches have sand while the surrounding areas have normal soil?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do beaches have sand while the surrounding areas have normal soil?

Answer: Waves wash away dirt and then crunch rocks and shells that remain into powder called sand.


Question: If flat earthers exist, why do they think the government is hiding that information from them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If flat earthers exist, why do they think the government is hiding that information from them?

Some ex-conspiracists say they had mental health problems involvoing paranoia while believing in such things. I think some of these people just believe that everyone and everything is against them and means them harm. Also conspiracies are easier to understand than real life and they tend to back each other claims up.


Question: When we have a headache, what's actually sore? Since the brain itself is (I think) incapable of feeling pain directly.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When we have a headache, what's actually sore? Since the brain itself is (I think) incapable of feeling pain directly.

You're correct, the brain can't feel pain. Its usually your meninges that feel headaches. Its a couple layers of fleshy bits that cover the brain and spinal cord; they can feel pain just fine. If you're dehydrated or if they're irritated in some other manner that will cause a headache.


Question: Why do restaurants serve "lobster rolls" at a fixed price, but ordering the lobster itself is priced at current market value?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do restaurants serve "lobster rolls" at a fixed price, but ordering the lobster itself is priced at current market value?

"Market value" does not really fluctuate that much on a day-to-day basis. Maybe it is different season-to-season, but the main reason that whole lobster is sold at "market value" is because the weight of each lobster differs. If lobster is $12/lb, there's a big difference between buying a 1 lb lobster and a 2 lbs lobster. "Market value" is also a marketing term; it increases the customer's perception of fresh-caught, straight-from-market seafood. Lobster rolls always contain more or less the same amount of meat. The restaurant can prepare huge quantities of lobster salad each morning, enough to meet their anticipated needs. Any minor fluctuations in price are canceled out by the sheer volume and consistency of roll size.


Question: How is closed captioning (subtitles) produced accurately and quickly for live events? Is it hand typed or computer generated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is closed captioning (subtitles) produced accurately and quickly for live events? Is it hand typed or computer generated?

It depends. It used to be done by a skilled stenographer to be done as fast as possible with as few omissions as possible. Nowadays it is usually done with voice recognition.


Question: How exactly do you floss your teeth using plackers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly do you floss your teeth using plackers?

the same way you floss your teeth with normal floss. Hold the handle however is most comfortable for you and stick the part with the string into your mouth and push it down between your teeth. I find I typically have to use at least two if im doing my whole mouth (and not just trying to get a popcorn kernel) because the string will start to sag/break up a bit.


Question: Where did matter come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where did matter come from?

In the beginning, the universe, well, began. (This has made a lot of people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move.) It's not possible for matter to come from non-matter. All the matter and energy that exists today is the same matter and energy that existed at the beginning of time. The universe didn't begin from nothing, but from everything. Everything, the entire universe, was concentrated into a very small point that expanded rapidly to what we know today. This is the 'big bang'. Maybe there was a universe before ours that collapsed into that little point that contained anything, but that doesn't matter since we'd never have any way of figuring that out, or figuring out what happened in that universe. Whether or not some being or circumstance from 'outside the universe' caused this to happen doesn't matter, because we can't observe that happening. We can only look at what happens inside our own "observable universe", so anything past that is just pure speculation that nobody will ever be able to find evidence for.


Question: How do the recaptchas work where you click on them and they swirl then decide your not a robot without you doing anything?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do the recaptchas work where you click on them and they swirl then decide your not a robot without you doing anything?

As well as what the other guy said, some captchas will track mouse movement over the captcha box. If your mouse pointer moves smoothly, not in a direct straight line, and pauses before clicking then you're much more likely to be human than a program.


Question: Why do cable companies keep raising prices even though they are losing subscribers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do cable companies keep raising prices even though they are losing subscribers?

Everyone wants to make money. Cable companies have to license their content from the networks. The networks want their same amount of money no matter how many subscribers the cable company has. The cable company increases rates on their TV packages every time one or more networks increases their rates to license content. As more and more people cancel their cable subscriptions, the cable companies also increase their internet rates to make up the difference in revenue.


Question: What's happening when two countries "launch cyberattacks" on one another?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's happening when two countries "launch cyberattacks" on one another?

Kinda depends on the context. The cyber attacks can cover a large variety of things. For example the most notable one I've read about recently is where the [US is claiming they are implanting malware into Russian power grid.]( URL_0 ) (sorry for that link being Daily beast, I didn't want to give you the NYT link because of the pay wall) Basically what this would try to accomplish is being able to shut off the electricity to a large portion of Russia with the click of a button. So more or less the US would be able to disrupt a large portion of daily life in Russia with the click of a button and no life lost in the US, but a massive problem for Russia to deal with. There are also reports that [Russia did this to western Ukraine.]( URL_2 ) (again sorry for where the article is, but I don't like to link pay wall sites) Or there is the time that hackers locked out the [National Health Service in Brittain]( URL_1 ) by using ransomware to keep the files locked down. Basically they use the internet to engage in something that would disrupt life or damage part of what people use without sending in troops. Often times it could be considered an act of war without putting boots on the ground. The most extreme example I could think of is if a foreign country tries to gain access to nuclear missiles from another country.


Question: Why/How do proteins fold, and what causes them to fold the wrong way?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why/How do proteins fold, and what causes them to fold the wrong way?

Proteins are made of a chain of amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids, each with a different molecular composition. The interaction between these amino acids is essentially what makes the protein fold and gives it a 3D shape. Let's say in position 1 there is a positively charged amino acid, and in position 10 there is a negatively charged one. These two amino acids would be sticking to each other, forming a loop. This loop is essentially a protein folding based on its charge. Other than this, there are many other types of chemical interaction forming between the amino acids and other molecules in the environment at varying stability, thus there are proteins are pretty dynamic and "fluid". They can fold the wrong way if the genetic sequence is wrong. This is basically what a genetic mutation leads to -- improper folding of a protein.


Question: Why do people curse when they have an orgasm?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people curse when they have an orgasm?

I’m guessing cause it’s a single syllable word that can have a lot of feeling behind it. Saying “fuck!” Is WAY more efficient than “Mmm, yes, Capital job, ol chap. Got me good this time hohoho!”


Question: what happens when you mix hydrogen with anti-hydrogen (antimatter from hydrogen)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what happens when you mix hydrogen with anti-hydrogen (antimatter from hydrogen)?

When matter and antimatter collide, they go trough a process of annihilation. During that, you can observe some mass changing into energy. It depends on the particles colliding but most of the time you will get a few very high energy photons and some **other** bosons. On a macroscale you will get some light and heat out of it. Depending on the scale, you can get a stable reaction or an explosion. Fun fact! AntiHydrogen is one of the most expensive materials humans produce, the cost of producing 1 gram is around $90 Trillion. **EDIT**


Question: When I don't get enough sleep, why does a 15 minute nap in the afternoon help so much more than an extra 15 minutes in the morning?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When I don't get enough sleep, why does a 15 minute nap in the afternoon help so much more than an extra 15 minutes in the morning?

I believe it has something to do with R.E.M. Sleep Cycles. Essentially, you're waking up during the lighter stage of your sleep cycle, which means you don't feel the groggy effects of waking during deep sleep. I'm sure someone smarter can expand on hormone release during the cycle that also has an effect. TLDR: You're not in as much of a deep sleep as you would be following a full nights sleep.