Question: Why does both warming and icing some injuries have beneficial effects?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does both warming and icing some injuries have beneficial effects?

Warming relaxes muscles, and brings blood into tissue (which speeds healing). Icing helps prevent/reduce inflammation.


Question: How would abolishing net neutrality influence people outside the US?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How would abolishing net neutrality influence people outside the US?

Indirectly. There wouldn't be a difference up front because your ISPs are regulated by your own country's laws. But let's say Comcast decides to extort Netflix to pay millions of dollars or have their data throttled. Netflix has to recoup those losses from their customers, and so they might decide to hike the price on subscribers even outside the US. But that would require businesses to be selfish dicks, which we all know businesses never are. Right?


Question: Why do old cameras make a person’s eye appear red?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do old cameras make a person’s eye appear red?

It's not so much about the camera as it was the flash. In a dark room your pupils are very open, so a flash would shine light inside the eye, which would reflect back red. In those days you would hold the flash further away from the camera so the lens wouldn't line up with the eye reflection. Over time they invented ways for the cameras(with their flashes) to do a better job, One way is to have a mini-flash before the real flash, which makes your pupils shrink for a second so they wont reflect so much. There are also built in programs for digital cameras that can figure out red-eye and paint it out before you even see the picture.


Question: How can you gain more weight than the food you eat weighs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can you gain more weight than the food you eat weighs?

Water. In order to store fat you need water, so when your eat something that gets stored you also gain the weight of the water you needed to complete that process, but no one ever counts water when talking about energy and food because it has no energy itself.


Question: I just read on wikipedia that Eunuchs (a person in older societies who were castrated in order to be made to serve a specific function) who were castrated at young ages would end up with hormonal consequences. What would these consequences include?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I just read on wikipedia that Eunuchs (a person in older societies who were castrated in order to be made to serve a specific function) who were castrated at young ages would end up with hormonal consequences. What would these consequences include?

Normal puberty never happens, so decreased to no secondary sex characteristics. That means no voice dropping, no facial/pubic/chest hair, no penile enlargement, limited muscular growth, and a complicated effect on bone growth (you wouldn't get the stronger chin and shoulders, but limbs and ribs would actually be longer.) The lack of vocal changes combined with a bigger ribcage meant castrated boys could become powerful opera singers, known as *castrati*. The practice was ended in the 19th century, for reasons that should be obvious.


Question: How does charcoal toothpaste work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does charcoal toothpaste work?

The charcoal is gritty, and acts like sandpaper on your teeth. In fact iirc it's too hard in comparison to your teeth, and should probably be avoided (like I think it can literally sand your tooth enamel away given enough use.)


Question: Are bugs/flys/bee, etc. territorial, as in they know of a home base? If one flys into my car and then escapes 20 miles away, are they screwed or do they continue with their bug life at that location?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are bugs/flys/bee, etc. territorial, as in they know of a home base? If one flys into my car and then escapes 20 miles away, are they screwed or do they continue with their bug life at that location?

A fly will just keep on being a fly. A bee will immediately start flying directly home. An ant would just kinda wander around aimlessly until it died. It depends on the bug.


Question: Why do military transport planes fly with an inboard/outboard seating configuration, rather than having rows with 6-11 seats per row?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do military transport planes fly with an inboard/outboard seating configuration, rather than having rows with 6-11 seats per row?

I'm fairly sure that the middle row comes out, which would make sense when you consider that moving people is not the full extent of what those planes do. A passenger airliner is just that, a plane for passengers. A military transport plane is moving everything from people, to food and supplies, to tanks.


Question: In the double split experiment, people say that, mathematically, electrons go through both slits, no slits and one slit and that all these possibilities are 'in superposition' with each other. What does this mean and do we know how/why it happens?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In the double split experiment, people say that, mathematically, electrons go through both slits, no slits and one slit and that all these possibilities are 'in superposition' with each other. What does this mean and do we know how/why it happens?

We don't really know how and why they move, we only know where and when we can detect them. What happens between launch and detection is pure speculation.


Question: What does 'Association Bias' actually mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does 'Association Bias' actually mean?

It's when you connect two things in your mind that are not actually connected at all just because they happened around the same time. The most common example is our tendency to "shoot the messenger". When someone brings us bad news we tend to hate that person even though they are only telling us about the problem and didn't actually create the problem. People believe in lucky charms because they were holding or wearing an item when their favourite team won a game. The team didn't actually win because of the lucky shirt you wore or whatever ritual you followed, they won because they played better than the other guys.


Question: The immune system thinks that pollen and certain foreign particles are antigens which is why we have a response to them. What could happen to us if our body didn’t recognize it as anything and there wasn’t a response?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 The immune system thinks that pollen and certain foreign particles are antigens which is why we have a response to them. What could happen to us if our body didn’t recognize it as anything and there wasn’t a response?

You're right. Nothing would happen. For example, when a person without an allergy eats a peanut, the immune system cannot detect it and does not react.


Question: Why does hanging up a call on a landline phone not end the call on mobile?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does hanging up a call on a landline phone not end the call on mobile?

If you waited for a few seconds, it should have hung up. On a landline it's really obvious when one party hangs up...the circuit is broken at one end. The phone network knows and you immediately hear that they've hung up on the other end. But mobile phones occasionally drop their signal (switching towers, building got in the way, etc.). Just because there's no signal the mobile network won't immediately assume you hung up and drop the call, it will briefly wait to see if you just temporarily dropped off and are coming back. After a few seconds it'll figure it out and hang up the mobile call. This might be network specific...I'm on AT & T in the US and we get landline calls all the time for teleconference meetings...when the "meeting" hangs up there's a lag of 2-3 seconds then the mobile network figures it out and ends the call.


Question: Why do bike tires need 90-110 PSI, while much heavier cars tires need only around ~35 PSI?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do bike tires need 90-110 PSI, while much heavier cars tires need only around ~35 PSI?

Because the contact area is so different between the two vehicles. A bike's contact area with the ground is two tires, maybe an inch wide, over a length of maybe 4-6 inches. A car's contact area is probably about 6 inches square, per tire. So we're comparing a surface area of (1x6)x2 = 12 square inches with (6x6)x4 = 144 square inches. That's 12 times more area on a car's tires than a bike's tires, so the car's tires won't need as much pressure.


Question: How is it possible that a cell phone tower can send out thousands or tens of thousands of messages and data simultaneously and everyone's phone knows exactly what data is meant for it , and how does it know exactly where you are to send the data to the right spot?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it possible that a cell phone tower can send out thousands or tens of thousands of messages and data simultaneously and everyone's phone knows exactly what data is meant for it , and how does it know exactly where you are to send the data to the right spot?

Every piece of data is wrapped in the digital equivalent of an envelope with the "address" of your phone on the envelope. Your phone watches for packets addressed to it and ignores all others. The cell tower has to keep track of everyone all at once but that's why it has far larger computers to make it run. Your phone has a much simpler task..."Is this for me? Yes, OK, I'll read it. No? Ignore it." The cell tower doesn't know exactly where you are, unless you're on one of the networks that trades GPS signals with the towers. It knows what direction you're in by which antenna is getting the strongest signal from your phone. It will check periodically and switch antennas if you're moving, or hand you off to another tower if some other tower is receiving you better. It's basically the same thing that a WiFi network is doing, except at much longer range.


Question: How can gorillas have such muscular bodies on a mostly plant based diet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can gorillas have such muscular bodies on a mostly plant based diet?

They can digest cellulose, which basically means their bodies can get more out of the plant than human vegetarians. They're not missing out on things they need.


Question: How does the body generate electricity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the body generate electricity?

In the brain as well as the heart. It’s made by opening up potassium sodium pumps. So the body constantly pushes potassium out of the cell in exchange for sodium and when it opens up and all the two equalize the body generates electricity. It’s essentially done with a gradient difference


Question: How is thirst satisfied almost instantly after drinking something, even though it takes the body some time to absorb the liquid?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is thirst satisfied almost instantly after drinking something, even though it takes the body some time to absorb the liquid?

It takes very little time to absorb water. You absorb it right from the time it hits your stomach, unlike a lot of food which has to pass through to the small intestine before you can start to absorb it. It’s also very easy to absorb it. You have special holes in your stomach and small intestine for water to just mosey through, unlike most things which need to be frog-marched through by an escort. This makes water absorption very, very fast. As soon as you start absorbing water, your blood volume increases because that is where water goes. Increasing your blood volume increases your blood pressure. Increasing your blood pressure tells special sensors in your blood vessels that you are no longer dehydrated. This message gets sent to your brain neurologically, and your brain stops releasing the “you are thirsty” hormone.


Question: When transferring money between banks, where is it when it is not in either account?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When transferring money between banks, where is it when it is not in either account?

It's still in the first account, but it's flagged by most computer systems as "not usable" to prevent overdrafting. If there were some error and the transaction didn't go through, it would remain in the original account. The "in between" state is there because most banks immediately tag the money as "gone" so that users can get a clearer picture of their finances. And the "receiving" bank doesn't list the money in their system until it arrives, just in case there's a problem and the transaction doesn't go through. This way, nobody accidentally spends money that they don't have.


Question: What causes metals to become magnetically charged? And can you force a metal to have its north or south poles on certain sides?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes metals to become magnetically charged? And can you force a metal to have its north or south poles on certain sides?

There are two types of metals with respect to magnetic properties: diamagnetic and paramagnetic. First, electrons in atoms have a spin to them (for metals, they exist in the d-orbital) and this gives electrons a magnetic property. If the electrons are paired; however, their spin and therefore magnetic property is cancelled out. Diamagnetic means all the electrons per atom are paired. These metals do not exhibit a strong interaction with magnetic fields. Paramagnetic means there are some electrons that are unpaired per atom. These metals exhibit a strong interaction with magnetic fields. Chunks of metal like iron, made up of many atoms, [Ar] 3d6 4s2 (you find out if if it's it's paramagnetic or diamagnetic by plotting the electron configuration with the orbitals and seeing if there are any unpaired electrons), that are paramagnetic do not exhibit magnetic properties until they are put through a strong magnetic field or electric current because while each atom exhibits magnetic properties the whole "chunk" of iron will not unless each atom is aligned in the same direction. Then the block of iron becomes a magnet. You can apply the current or magnetic field in a particular direction to change the poles as well.


Question: Are species reproducing through parthenogenesis subject to darwinism?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Are species reproducing through parthenogenesis subject to darwinism?

I’ll leave arguing the validity of the phrase “subject to Darwinism” to others. Yes, all species experience gradual change through mutation and survival of the fittest over the course of generations, regardless of how they reproduce. Animals that reproduce through parthenogenesis are subject to mutation. Some offspring are “full clones”, meaning they start with their parent’s full genetic material, but many are only half clones, meaning they are subject to some genetic randomization in the process of reproduction. This small percentage of the next generation will have the highest rate of mutation, which introduces changes that may help or hinder the animal’s survival and opportunities to reproduce and pass on new genetic traits.


Question: Will inflation really just keep going until a pack of gum costs a million dollars?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Will inflation really just keep going until a pack of gum costs a million dollars?

usually what happens is that a currency issuer will recall the currency and trade it for a newer currency which is more realistic to manage. In some countries they may defacto abandon the currency altogether and use a different countries currency until inflation settles down


Question: Does sleeping with one leg under the covers and one out help with regulating your body temperature or is it all mental?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does sleeping with one leg under the covers and one out help with regulating your body temperature or is it all mental?

Ofcorse it helps, a part of your body is no longer under the cover which is warming it up, which is obviously making your body cooler.


Question: Why do some countries have huge denominations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some countries have huge denominations?

It is runaway inflation. Prices are dictated by market value so if 10000 is the amount people are willing to pay for a product, then it's 10000. If it becomes 1000000 a year later, then it's 1000000. Money needs to be printed so that it's suitable to use with current price ranges. Obviously countries with runaway inflation struggle to do that. Some countries have performed re-denominations of their currencies by cutting off surplus zeros, so for example 10000 would now be 1, and printed new bills to match. It's a complicated process, obviously, with all the conversions required and impact on automated systems, so it can only feasibly be done after hyper-inflation is under control, and generally only as a one time event.


Question: What is the reason for inflation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the reason for inflation?

The fundamental basics of inflation are actually simpler than the explanations here. Imagine money doesn't exist and we're bartering. We'll assume the basic rules of supply and demand apply. I'm a wheat farmer and you're a chicken farmer. I trade my wheat for your chickens. Now if the wheat harvest is really good one year, you'll probably be able to ask for more wheat for each chicken. If I refuse you can always find another farmer with lots of wheat and trade with them instead. Equally, if there was an outbreak of bird flu and lots of chickens died, you'd probably want more wheat for each chicken. In both cases the amount each bushel of wheat can buy has gone down. This is exactly the same thing that happens with inflation. Money is just something you trade for something else. If the amount of money in circulation goes up, the value of money falls. If the amount of *stuff* goes down, the value of money falls. So, for example, the late Roman empire experienced inflation because it made more coins to pay its expenses. Silver based currencies experienced inflation when huge quantities of silver were imported to Europe \(and then to China\) from South America. And from the other side, any event that causes widespread damage to production tends to cause inflation. Of course, money has some special characteristics. One is that it's very easy for governments to create. Someone at the central bank presses a button on a computer or the mint stamps some more bits of metal with the emperor's head. So there's always a temptation for governments to pay for things by creating more money, which can cause inflation. Another is that money is used for almost every trade, as well as for things like saving or paying taxes. When we talk about "inflation" it's usually a rise in prices across lots of different kinds of goods and services, not just wheat or chickens. So, for example, in the UK the value of the pound against other currencies has fallen in the last year. This means importing things is more expensive. Since a high proportion of our goods \(and a lot of our services\) are imported, and almost all of them are paid for with money, that means lots of prices go up, and we have inflation. What is a little more complex to explain is that modern economies experience long\-term inflation. That is not something we see so consistently in the past. One is that a bit of inflation is widely seen as a good thing. It encourages people to invest money rather than horde it. It is mildly progressive \- people with savings \(who tend to be richer\) lose out and people with debts \(who tend to be poorer\) gain. And since most governments are in debt themselves, they can also benefit. Where economies have slipped towards *de*flation, such as Japan in the 90s or the UK after the financial crash, it has caused a lot of worry among economists and governments. In fact, the experience of the great depression, which was a period of widespread deflation is one reason why inflation is generally seen as a lesser evil.


Question: What powers do the "One Ring" and the Rings of Power give ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What powers do the "One Ring" and the Rings of Power give ?

The Rings power is not exactly explained in full, that was kind of the point of Tolkein's magic system - magic does really subtle things, and is very "story" driven rather than mechanical like a Vancian system (think DnD). In general, the Rings of Power responded to their wielder granting them what they truly desired. For Men this meant extending their lives beyond the norm... though at the cost of spreading their souls so thin they became Wraiths. For Dwarfs it meant aiding them in expanding their hoards of wealth to enourmous degrees... which then attracted Dragons. Elves were able to craft three more powerful versions which helped them preserve their realms and magic, Lothlorien and Rivendell are both products of the Rings, and they don't have an inherent defect. The One Ring exibits this power as well, giving Hobbits (who just wanna be ignored) the power to turn invisible... though this comes at the price of shining like a beacon in the unseen realm where Wraiths and Sauron can see you. The big secret was that all of the Rings made their users vulnerable to mental manipulation which was basically Sauron's main trick. He created the One Ring to focus all of his considerable power into controlling the minds of the ringbearers. Men were corrupted, dwarfs proved immune by being basically clockwork creatures mentally, and the Elves were just too mentally powerful


Question: How does a lightning strike know where the tallest object is?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a lightning strike know where the tallest object is?

[It doesn't]( URL_0 ). Taller objects are more likely to be struck, but they're not *exclusively* struck. A few years ago a lightning strike obliterated a traffic light near me despite the towering cottonwood trees just across the street.


Question: How does underwater torpedoes propell and explode to cause maximum impact? Doesn't water extinguish the flame?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does underwater torpedoes propell and explode to cause maximum impact? Doesn't water extinguish the flame?

Premodern torpedo. Torpedo hit your hull, the detonator detonates the giant payload (either by contact or prox fuse) the BIG CONCUSSION hopefully breaks a hole in your hull, and you leak. This is much much less effective because you rely on flood to sink, its why you see ww2 ship sinking only after multiple torpedo hits. Modern torpedo. Big explosions, BIG FKING EXPLOSION under the ship. and when explosions happen, it displaces the water. Here's the thing, most ships will break on land, because ships are designed to have buoyancy in mind to support the ship's shape. If there is a giant ball of nothingness and the bow and stern are still held up by water, the excessive weight (especially when majority of the weight is centered in the middle section of ship) will literally break the ship in half. And obviously post attack ship sinks. & #x200B; Neither method actually produce a high chance of fire. The only possible event for a torpedo caused fire (direct) is for a torpedo to strike a ship, penetrate the ship's hull, gets lodged, explode. But if the hull is so weak that even torpedo can penetrate it. the explosive will very likely just turn the entire ship into smithereens.


Question: How do gangsters in movies recognize “good” cocaine by putting some on their tongue?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do gangsters in movies recognize “good” cocaine by putting some on their tongue?

It's a local anesthetic. It will make their tongue go numb. The "better" it is, the faster the effects & the bigger the affected area. Many US hospitals keep it on hand in a liquid form for use as an anesthetic in some cases. Edit: First of all, wow, I've never had a comment blew up like this before. Second of all, I was just explaining it as the question was posed, as a movie trope or many casual users do. Third of all, as many people have said, lidocane and cocaine or not the same thing. And last, There is the taste and then many other better ways of checking whether it's true cocaine or pure. Sorry for my lack of accuracy to what really happens.


Question: Why are the food banks and soup kitchens always the first to close when we get snow?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are the food banks and soup kitchens always the first to close when we get snow?

Because they're usually staffed by volunteers and if people's ability to travel is reduced things that are unnecessary to them are the first to go.


Question: why do cotton, leather and other "natural" biodegradable goods not simply get moldy and rot the way plants and animals do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do cotton, leather and other "natural" biodegradable goods not simply get moldy and rot the way plants and animals do?

Because we keep our stuff dry, because we've learned that if we don't, it gets moldy and rots.


Question: How do chlorofluorocarbons create holes in the atmosphere?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do chlorofluorocarbons create holes in the atmosphere?

When UV hits a CFC molecule, the chlorine atom is separated from the molecule. This atom interacts with ozone (O3) molecules and strips off an oxygen atom to form ClO + O2. Free oxygen atom interacts with ClO to form a more stable O2 + Cl. The chlorine atom continues this process of splitting ozone molecules several more times.


Question: Why can entropy in any given system not decrease?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can entropy in any given system not decrease?

Entropy can decrease, it is just unlikely. The second law of thermodynamics is based off observed results, not a theoretical prediction, and never says entropy can't spontaneously decrease. It is often misquoted as such though. Your thinking is correct.


Question: Why does MSG have such a bad reputation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does MSG have such a bad reputation?

In late 60's, a doctor wrote to a respected Journal of Medicine that eating at Chinese restaurants gave him nausea and numbness and attributed to the MSG, a common seasoning used by the establishments back then. He coined this term Chinese restaurant syndrome. After vetting his claims in the lab on animals with enormous doses, research did show negative effects, racial bias towards using MSG in Asian cuisines took off. Allegedly, there was a claim the original letter was supposed to be a joke and Ho Man Kwok was a pen name of Dr. Howard Steel. But later this was debunked by the real Dr. Ho Man Kwok's children.


Question: How does Kinetic Sand work??

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Kinetic Sand work??

Okay, so sand is a particulate, and under certain circumstances it can act like a fluid. If we add food safe silicone, (I don’t remember which one, just that it’s often used to stop fry grease from splashing) it keeps the sand consistently acting as a non-Newtonian fluid. That means that it flows differently depending on how much force is on it. The silicone also makes it antibacterial by displacing any water so microbes can’t grow between sand grains (though I’ve seen mold grow on stuff that falls in the sand because of the water in the stuff). Source: museum educator, used kinetic sand in our planetary geology model because it’s low dust


Question: why is returning a car that has issues different from any other consumer good?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is returning a car that has issues different from any other consumer good?

(1) The contract that you sign when you buy the car changes your legal rights from what you'd normally get by default. For example, you get a limited warranty that says "If this thing breaks in the next 36 months, we'll fix it," but you give up the right to take the car back if it had some manufacturing defect. (2) Stores commonly do more than they're legally required to. If a store wanted to, it could just refuse returns unless the good was damaged. But, many stores allow you to return merchandise that's perfectly fine. Car dealers don't want you to do that.


Question: If China is heavily state-capitalist, then why aren't taxes there astronomically high?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If China is heavily state-capitalist, then why aren't taxes there astronomically high?

so, high taxes are signs of one of a few heavy government spending habits: Infrastructure, military, central control of the economy, and social projects. In the case of China, the government is careful about investing in any of those four. They are certainly not left-leaning in the sense of Europe or communist movements in South America. If China decided to increase spending in any of those areas, they would likely need to increase taxes.


Question: Why do food brands not use restaurants to promote their product?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do food brands not use restaurants to promote their product?

They do - I have found were to buy a variety of vegetarian meat in restaurants from manufacturers websites - Gardien, Morningstar Farm, Gardenburger. But restaurants do not tend to promote how easy it is to recreate their dishes at home.


Question: What is understeer and oversteer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is understeer and oversteer?

Understeer- the car doesn’t turn enough Oversteer - the car turns too much That’s the basic way to remember it. In practice it looks like the car plowing straight forward when it understeers, and spinning out when it oversteers. You can also remember which is which by the fact that drifting is just “controlled oversteer” while looking cool. The reason for which is going to occur is down to the amount of grip the front and rear wheel have. If the front wheels lose grip before the rears do, you get understeer. If the rear wheels slide while the fronts grip, you get oversteer.


Question: Why is the economic value of a task different in different countries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the economic value of a task different in different countries?

Different locations have different infrastructure and living expectations so the living costs are quite different. This also creates a feedback loop where things gets more expensive because the living costs are more expensive. In the end it is not money you want but the goods and services that the money provides. As an example a $300k a year job in Nowhere, Nebraska is a pretty good paying job as you can afford a big house. The average pay is low as land and food is easy to come by so you can pay for a lot of things because the people you pay does not need much money to live, etc. However a $300k job in NYC is quite low. Houses are expensive and it requires a lot of logistics to get food and other goods into the city. And the barrister who made your coffee have to get as much pay to not go bankrupt. The prices is also inflated by people moving to the city and people who make a lot of money in the city and can afford to pay people a lot of money.


Question: Is the probability of flipping a coin and getting the same result as last time 1/4?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is the probability of flipping a coin and getting the same result as last time 1/4?

The flips are independent. 1/4 is your chance of getting heads or tails two times in a row, not the chance of getting heads or tails any particular time.


Question: !: Why can we remember song lyrics and movie details word for word after many years without hearing but struggle to remember actively studied information?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 !: Why can we remember song lyrics and movie details word for word after many years without hearing but struggle to remember actively studied information?

Repetition. Also, the beat/melody etc might create more neural connections to enhance recall.


Question: If you take a glass of water and turn it upside down most of the water dumps out immediately, but not all of it. Why is that?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If you take a glass of water and turn it upside down most of the water dumps out immediately, but not all of it. Why is that?

Water molecules have a highly negatively charged oxygen atom bound to two positively charged hydrogen atoms. The final structure has a very lopsided charge, with both hydrogen atoms on one side and the negative oxygen atom's butt sticking out the other. This makes every water molecule a tiny little magnet, and they like to cling to eachother and many surfaces. This force isn't strong enough to hold the entire volume of water against gravity, but it will help a film of water cling to the surface for a while.


Question: How is the exchange rate between two currencies determined?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the exchange rate between two currencies determined?

Supply and demand. I know this is a simplistic answer, and I'm not trying to be flippant, but that really is the answer.


Question: Why do cigarettes contain so many harmful chemicals? Why are they not just filled with pure tobacco?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do cigarettes contain so many harmful chemicals? Why are they not just filled with pure tobacco?

Most of those chemicals are the resulting products from burning tobacco. There are also binding agents, preservatives, flavorants, and additives that make manufacturing easier, but tobacco is the major contributor to the carcinogenic chemicals present in smoke.


Question: Why does having dairy before singing wreck your voice?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does having dairy before singing wreck your voice?

Dairy is very sticky and caused phlegm in your throat to thicken. This causes your larynx to not sound as beautiful as it would've should you not have drank dairy.


Question: why does good weather (sunny, warm) instantly seem to improve one’s mood?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does good weather (sunny, warm) instantly seem to improve one’s mood?

There are several biological functions that are aided with the addition of sunlight. Synthesis of vitamin D and several other things. Beyond this the immune system is getting a nice break due to decrease in viruses spreading. All of these have significant impacts on mood. I can gather appropriate articles to quote if you’d like. Hope this helps!


Question: Dinosaurs lived in a world that was much warmer, with more oxygen than now, what was weather like? More violent? Hurricanes, tornadoes? Some articles talk about the asteroid impact, but not about what normal life was like for the dinos. (and not necessarily "hurricanes", but great storms)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Dinosaurs lived in a world that was much warmer, with more oxygen than now, what was weather like? More violent? Hurricanes, tornadoes? Some articles talk about the asteroid impact, but not about what normal life was like for the dinos. (and not necessarily "hurricanes", but great storms)

**TL;DR:** *Oxygen, not so much. But the supercontinents back then could really have amplified weather conditions.* \--- The level of oxygen wasn't really that much of a factor. Oxygen levels were higher because plants were sucking all of the carbon dioxide out of the air and trapping the carbon into coal and oil at the time while breathing out oxygen and raising the levels up to about 30%. (It's 21% or so now). That much higher level would have made fires way more dangerous in dry areas like grasslands with lots of fuel. Large fires can contribute some to weather, but they usually don't amplify storms in general. The biggest influence was continental structure. We had two different supercontinent-type land formations back then, Pangaea around 300 million years ago broke into two big chunks, Laurasia and Gondwana, during the time of the dinosaurs. Now very generally speaking, the more you pack land into one area and ocean into the other, the greater the general impact on weather... and with supercontinents leaving gigantic stretches of ocean pretty much wide open, you're going to get this to happen. This is because hurricanes feed off of warmer water and shrink when they cross land, and when there's more warm water, there's bigger hurricanes or typhoons (and this is why Pacific storms are often larger than Atlantic ones). Other storms can get amplified too. Nor'easters (the big storms we get here on the NorthEastern coast of North America) build off of differences in air pressure which are caused by differences in heat level. . Larger masses of solar-heated continuous land mean greater regional heating, and that can translate to differences in regional pressure colliding with each other and generating much more powerful localized storms. There's a number of other factors including sea depth (shallower seas warm up more), mountains that deflect currents of air, ocean currents (that help to convey warm and cold weather and equalize temperatures), and distribution of land versus water at the equator where the most solar energy is focused. All of this stuff is why it's hard to talk about specifics back then. But in general, you could expect to get truly massive storms crossing over the coasts of the supercontinents in this altered world. (made a few edits for completeness and to correct one error)


Question: - Has there always been the same amount of water on earth and if yes, where is the water when there is drought in certain areas?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Has there always been the same amount of water on earth and if yes, where is the water when there is drought in certain areas?

Apart from some very minor inputs and losses to and from space, yes the total amount stays the same. Over geological time water moves around between various “reservoirs” in the oceans, atmosphere, ice caps, deep aquifers, living organisms etc. For example, during Ice Ages, more water is locked up in ice and so sea levels drop. During warm periods, more water is in the atmosphere so there’s less in the ground. So the water isn’t really added or subtracted from the earth as a whole, it’s just redistributed into different parts of the earth’s systems.


Question: Why is a too low unemployment rate bad?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is a too low unemployment rate bad?

With too little unemployment it would be very difficult for any business to expand through hiring, which severely limits growth.


Question: How do medial professionals decide treatment for a comatose person w/o family?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do medial professionals decide treatment for a comatose person w/o family?

Hospitals have a medical ethics committee that would come in and make that decision. Pulling the plug, essentially removing the patient from a mechanical ventilator, is often seen as essentially allowing someone to pass away. Going a bit further, oftentimes it also means removal of life sustaining drugs for supporting adequate blood pressure and/or basic bodily functions (i.e., nutrition, electrolytes, blood products). I’ve seen patients die almost immediately, and I’ve seen patients linger for days once the ventilator is pulled. It’s always a weird situation for all bedside attendees, but the medical ethics committee essentially steps in when there is 0.00 quality or chance of life once care is removed.


Question: Why is it that some medications taste fine and others taste horrible? Can't they formulate everything to taste good or at least neutral?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that some medications taste fine and others taste horrible? Can't they formulate everything to taste good or at least neutral?

They, whoever they are, don’t want medicine to taste good because it may encourage people to take more than what was prescribed. They also don’t want people (nominally kids) to eat, it and like it because it tastes good, who don’t need or shouldn’t be on the medication. As to the medicines that taste okay, they were most likely deliberately formulated so that people (kids again) wouldn’t complain too much


Question: Why doesn’t water fry things the way oil does at high temperature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why doesn’t water fry things the way oil does at high temperature?

Frying involves displacing moisture and adding heat rapidly, which allows the outside of foods to get that crispy layer, called carbonizing. That's not from the oil, that's from the lack of moisture and the heat. Air fryers work on the same idea Boiling in water adds moisture and heat, so the outer layer doesn't carbonize


Question: Is Sun more like a frozen explosion (held back by it’s own gravity) or is it more like a boiling ball of lava?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is Sun more like a frozen explosion (held back by it’s own gravity) or is it more like a boiling ball of lava?

Its actually more like an implosion held up by the energy coming from its core. Said core fuses hydrogen nuclei together, which produces helium nuclei, as well as a lot of energy.


Question: How does a weighing machine work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a weighing machine work?

In general scales use springs with a known spring coefficient. This means that the designer knows how much force is required to extend a spring a certain distance. This distance can then simply be translated to a weight. Digital and electronical scales usually use something called a "strain gauge". In general this is a material, say a piece of iron which when a force is applied to will deform. This deformation will affect its resistance and by running a current through and measuring the voltage or the current one can calculate what force has been applied which corresponds to a weight. Edit: spelling.


Question: What would happen if the Earth was sawed in two. Beyond the social hysteria, would the halves remain together? Would the liquid metal core leak out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen if the Earth was sawed in two. Beyond the social hysteria, would the halves remain together? Would the liquid metal core leak out?

Assuming the Earth is instantaneously bisected with the separation maybe an inch wide. Huge global earthquakes as the two halves slam back together, triggering tsunami's basically everywhere. Along the bisection line volcanoes would likely form in the now broken crust. These as well as existing volcanoes erupt, throwing vast amounts of dust and gas into the atmosphere, effectively blotting out the sun and triggering the greenhouse effect. It would easily be the greatest "natural" disaster since the dinosaurs. Whether humans survive is uncertain, but in the larger scheme of things the planet is fine. Underneath the crust the Earth is basically liquid so that will mesh back together fine. Over the extremely long term the new fault line created by the separation would influence plate tectonics, how exactly that plays out would depend where the Earth got bisected.


Question: why does a volcano erupt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does a volcano erupt?

Basically you have layers that make up Earth, kind of like a jaw breaker. The outside is the stuff that makes up our mountains / sea floor / general surface we get to build cities / walk on. Right below this is what's called the asthenosphere, which is a flowing region of viscous semi-melted rock. This is where convection happens, which is essentially just movement caused by temperature difference close to center of Earth versus close to surface of Earth. These convection currents are **extremely slow**. They're so slow that people make models of these that span over billions of years to figure out what is going on. But basically, a volcano eruption is just a result of pressure built up by these currents. Pressure is built up in non-uniform ways, which causes eruptions at specific weak points. Heat wants to escape Earth at all times, and volcanoes are just emergences of the thermodynamics involved with the long term cooling of Earth.


Question: Why does listening to some music give us more satisfaction than other music?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does listening to some music give us more satisfaction than other music?

Part of it has to do with tension and release in music. Similar to reading a story, if you were listening to a song and it never really “went” anywhere, you would get bored pretty fast. Satisfying music introduces you to something that feels like the “home” of the song, before taking you somewhere else. Tension builds when you are taken away from that home, which makes it much more satisfying to come back, rather than having stayed there the entire time. This time “home” might be the chorus, having some similar attributes to the introduction of the song, but also surprising you by adding or taking away certain elements. This is another huge contributing factor; playing with expectations. While it might be true that your brain rewards itself when it’s correct about guessing what comes next (not sure how true that is but rollin with it), it’s much more rewarding when something doesn’t exactly meet your expectations. Again, compared to story telling, if you knew exactly what was going to happen, it wouldn’t be as satisfying as a new adventure. It might feel more like recalling a memory. Satisfying music conditions you to predict how the song is going to go, then does something different that isn’t as obvious but still fits with the song. These are just two examples that stick out to me as highly contributing factors. I’d love to hear the others that people come up with.


Question: How does general anesthesia work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does general anesthesia work?

General anesthesia is usually a combination of two main drug types: 1) a GABA receptor agonist, which slows your brain activity to the point of unconsciousness and inhibits the formation of memory (alcohol is a GABA agonist but weaker and with more side effects than clinical drugs), 2) an NMDA receptor antagonist which essentially blocks sensory signals from being processed by your brain, blocking pain and response to stimuli. Note: I don't have a formal neurochemistry background and most of what I know comes from Wikipedia. And apparently exactly how these drugs work is not well understood, even among experts. (E.g how NMDA receptors play a role in sensory processing and why blocking them causes dissociation from ones senses)


Question: when a phone vibrates on a flat surface, what determines the direction it moves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when a phone vibrates on a flat surface, what determines the direction it moves?

vibration is usually caused by a [motor like this]( URL_0 ). it's weighted unevenly so spinning causes it to wiggle erratically. how its weighted, as well as its position in the phone and the phone's weight distribution, determines in which direction it will push more


Question: over what time span is facial recognition software accurate - and does it allow for changes as a result, for example, from piercings?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 over what time span is facial recognition software accurate - and does it allow for changes as a result, for example, from piercings?

The way that many facial recognition algorithms work, is that they take many different pictures of your face (as many as possible), from different angles, and preferably with slight changes like different haircuts. All of those images are then combined into an [eigenface]( URL_0 ) image that is essentially the average of all the images. When the images are averaged together, certain features that are unique to your face will stick out more when compared to an eigenface image from someone else's face. Whether or not a facial algorithm will be thrown off by your face from a different age, or with piercings would depend on what data the facial recognition was fed to begin with. If you only supplied pictures of your face from when you were young, then it is possible that the facial recognition algorithm might not recognize your face when it is older, because your face might have changed enough to not be recognizable enough. However, if you had fed the algorithm pictures of your face from different ages, then the age differences would be averaged into the reference eigenface image, so the algorithm would be more likely to recognize your face. Same goes for piercings, but I bet the algorithm would have less of an issue recognizing your face with and without piercings because it wouldn't change your overall face too much in the averaged eigenface image.


Question: Why is internal rotation of the shoulder bad? Is it bad in all cases?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is internal rotation of the shoulder bad? Is it bad in all cases?

Your shoulder needs to rotate in both directions. Internal rotation is healthy. What is a problem is when your habitual rest posture is internal rotation. When your hands are on a keyboard, phone, or steering wheel, your shoulder is in mild internal rotation. If you don't regularly stretch and exercise, or do physical work, it won't externally rotate as much, and you will become habitually internally rotated, and the muscles which make external rotation possible become so weak that you can't even stand up straight for long without fatigue. That leads to slumped shoulders, forward head, eventually you turn into Quasimodo and die alone, rejected by the opposite sex. r/posture is a good resource.