Question: Why does alcohol (isopropyl) evaporate so much faster than other liquids than say water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does alcohol (isopropyl) evaporate so much faster than other liquids than say water?

Well thats a very relative question. It is a liquid at room temperature, which puts its boiling temperature above that of any gases. Water has a higher one, wood/metal has a higher one still. The boiling point is determined by the intramolecular forces in the liquid state. They are weaker than water. Also importantly they can lower the boiling point of a mixture when added to water (which it always is) so its just about how well the molecules stick together (cause they always want to escape).


Question: Why are graphing calculators still huge and clunky when our smartphones can harness the internet to perform the same functionalities in 1/5 the physical size?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are graphing calculators still huge and clunky when our smartphones can harness the internet to perform the same functionalities in 1/5 the physical size?

Smart phones are also 5x as expensive, so that is the trade off here. Comparatively, a graphing calculator is a simplistic device using simplistic hardware and software to perform a narrow range of functions.


Question: What are time crystals, how sure are we that they exist, and what would one look like to a human being?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are time crystals, how sure are we that they exist, and what would one look like to a human being?

A crystalline structure is one that repeats. So a time crystal is a material who’s quantum or chemical structure is one that varies over time, but has a repeating pattern. Yes, I believe we recently observed a real world time crystal. Imagine a material that changes molecular structure over time. For instance, salt crystals dissolving in water. Now imagine that the water evaporates and the salt crystals precipitate out resulting in a repeated pattern from crystal to solution and back to crystal. A time crystal is a material that is able to bounce back and forth through transitions like this the way a pendulum continues to oscillate between potential and kinetic energy states.


Question: Why do batteries leak that white powdery stuff and how can it be prevented?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do batteries leak that white powdery stuff and how can it be prevented?

Batteries leak when they are over discharged. You can prevent this by changing them when they are below their listed minimum voltage, when they stop working. If you continue to drain them, the electrolyte can expand and force itself past the seal. When it dries, you see that white residue. It's quite corrosive before it drys, and it can damage your gadget. Whenever you store a gadget, you should take out the batteries.


Question: When someone wealth is estimated at X billion dollars, what does it mean precisely ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When someone wealth is estimated at X billion dollars, what does it mean precisely ?

In most cases at least, its owners of massive businesses and often 95%+ of the "net worth" is made up of shares in the business. In cash it's normally much less. If Jeff bezos wanted to move his whole "net worth" into cash it would be about 13% of the notes and coins of USD in the world.


Question: Why can we freeze embryos, sperm, and eggs but not full grown humans?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can we freeze embryos, sperm, and eggs but not full grown humans?

Because fully grown humans have bodies with very complicated mechanisms that can not be easily restarted. A simpeler organism like a sperm cell, egg cell or an not yet developed human is easier to restart


Question: How are stock prices determined?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are stock prices determined?

The reported stock price is the price of the last successful trade of that stock. So, how do people agree to these prices? There are order books (on computers now) of **bids** for a stock from people wanting to buy it and **asks** from people wanting to sell it. If the bid list contains three bids of 100, 90, and 80 for the stock and the ask book has asks of 110, 120, and 130 then nothing happens. The person bidding the most (100) is less than the person asking the least (110). Now let's imagine a new seller shows up and puts in an ask of 99. Now, the person bidding 100 is matched up with the asker at 99. The stock sells at 99 and the new stock price is 99 until a new successful bid and ask pair happens.


Question: Does the Human Body have the ability to dampen incoming sound on command?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does the Human Body have the ability to dampen incoming sound on command?

Yes, we do! Our middle ears have a mechanism to transmit air waves carrying sound into mechanical energy. [Here's a pic]( URL_2 ). See that muscle called the [Tensor tympani]( URL_1 )? It tenses up and prevents the bones from vibrating as strongly as they could, thereby dampening the sound. It's a reflex, so it's mostly out of our control. Also, some conditions (eg, damage to the nerve that controls that muscle) have super sensitive hearing because they can't control the tensor tympani. It's called "[hyperacusis]( URL_0 )"


Question: How do irrevocable trusts protect people against future financial claims?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do irrevocable trusts protect people against future financial claims?

If you give money to somebody in a way where it cannot be taken back, if somebody tries to take money from *you*, they won’t be able to do it because the money effectively isn’t *yours* anymore, at least that’s the idea. I assume there are some limitations and drawbacks. Either ones inherent to this setup, or added to stop it from being abused. For example if you give money to somebody and *they* get sued, you might give up some ability you might have had to take the money back to protect it.


Question: What conditions would have to exist in order for a human to live as long as some other animals like whales or Greenland sharks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What conditions would have to exist in order for a human to live as long as some other animals like whales or Greenland sharks?

Lifespan of organisms is very roughly dependent on 3 things: size, temperature, and metabolic rate. The larger something is the longer it tends to live. (Whales and elephants vs bats and mice) The colder its body temperature the longer it tends to live. (Greenland sharks and giant turtles vs similarly sized mammals like horses) The slower something's metabolic rate the longer it tends to live. This one's more complicated, but is very much interconnected with the other 2. It's another reason some reptiles can live as long as they do, their metabolic rate is slower since they don't need to constantly burn calories to keep themselves warm. Slower animals also don't burn nearly as many calories. (Elephants vs hummingbirds) [Edit: heck, trees can't move at all and they can live for millennia] As far as animals go humans are pretty long lived. I can't think of a similarly sized mammal that lives nearly as long. Apparently the longest lived donkey was 70 years old, but that's still a 400-500 lb animal that survived pretty average by human standards. Keeping the 3 rules in mind though, if you were to somehow create a cold blooded and slow race of giants, and overcome all the biological hurdles in the way, they'd probably live pretty long. At that point you'd really struggle to call that a human though


Question: If you divide 100 by 3, you end up with 33.333 repeating, multiply that by 3 and you get 99.999 repeating, where does that 0.000001 go? [NOTE: I only put 0.000001 because i don't really feel like typing out an Infinite amount of 0's]

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If you divide 100 by 3, you end up with 33.333 repeating, multiply that by 3 and you get 99.999 repeating, where does that 0.000001 go? [NOTE: I only put 0.000001 because i don't really feel like typing out an Infinite amount of 0's]

> NOTE: I only put 0.000001 because i don't really feel like typing out an Infinite amount of 0's That's actually the root of the problem, though; the number you typed is **not** the quantity you think you're representing. By choosing to terminate the sequence at some arbitrary number of zeros, the number that you end up with is infinitely greater than the *actual* quantity, and getting hung up on that apparent "sliver" of a terminating digit is the root of your confusion. 99.999... is precisely equal to 100, and you can prove it via a distinctness test; if they're not equivalent, then you should be able to come up with some number that is simultaneously **strictly** greater than 99.999... and also **strictly** less than 100. But there is no such number, ergo the two numbers are indistinct, and as a result must be the same number. All that's happening is that you've stumbled on a quirk in the way numbers are represented in a base 10 system, but the issue isn't in the meaning of the underlying numbers, but rather the way that we express those numbers.


Question: Why can blood only be donated? Why can't we manufacture it (in a lab)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can blood only be donated? Why can't we manufacture it (in a lab)?

Blood is not just a liquid. It contains millions of living cells. These don't grow in place; they grow in bone marrow and then join the blood.


Question: How does a computer recover corrupted data?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a computer recover corrupted data?

Tolerances, error detection and error correction. Tolerance: In TTL logic if the voltage on a data line is between 2V and 5V that's a logical 1, and between 0V and 0.8V is a logical 0. This means that the hardware can take a bit of variation and it makes no difference. This is by the way why expensive cables for digital data are nonsense -- unlike with analog, 4.5V and 5V are exactly just as good. Error detection: Take 8 bits, let's say 10011100. Then add an extra parity bit. When the number of 1s in the byte is even, parity is 0. When odd, parity is 1. If one bit flips now parity is wrong, and we know something went wrong somewhere. Error correction: With a slightly more complex system we can detect where something has gone wrong. Since we know the position, we know that the bit must have flipped, so we flip it back and problem solved. Easy example of error correction: We take a group of 8 bytes and write them down on one line each, then we calculate the parity for both rows and columns: 01100011 0 01101111 0 01101101 1 01110000 1 01110101 1 01110100 0 01100101 0 01110010 0 00000111 Now flip a bit somewhere: 01100011 0 01101111 0 01101101 1 01110010 1 < -- 01110101 1 01110100 0 01100101 0 01110010 0 00000111 ^ Now if you check the parity it'll be wrong on one row and one column, so we know where in the table the error can be found. Flip it around, and fixed! There are better methods of course, but this one is easy to explain. CDs and DVDs specifically have several levels of error correction, so that it can handle both small local mistakes, and large scratches on the surface. Now if that wasn't enough, then it really doesn't really deal with it, and you have corruption for good. Some programs can deal with an amount of it (eg, it can be tolerable for audio or video), some break badly.


Question: How exactly can a bilateral epididymectomy fail (thus causing an unplanned pregnancy to result) when the tunica vaginalis is both stitched shut and so incredibly thick?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly can a bilateral epididymectomy fail (thus causing an unplanned pregnancy to result) when the tunica vaginalis is both stitched shut and so incredibly thick?

Two options. One, the person who just had surgery doesn't use backup birth control until their samples come back negative, meaning they are still ejaculating sperm and can therefore get someone pregnant. Or two, the body can heal, and occasionally a new pathway between the testicle and the rest of the epididymis is formed instead of an impenetrable mass of scar tissue, which is usually how this happens a few years after surgery. Of note, the later can also happen to people with fallopian tubes, though it is even rarer still as there is a lot of other organs interacting in the area.


Question: What exactly are Dissociation and Depersonalization episodes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly are Dissociation and Depersonalization episodes?

See tl;dr at end. Long answer: From my experience and research, depersonalization/derealization (DPDR for short) is a state in which your brain puts you to protect you further from trauma/emotional pain. Have you ever seen an animal, maybe in a documentary, that stops running and completely freezes when it realizes it can't escape a predator? DPDR is similar to that response. Your brain disconnects you from your body (DP) or the perception of your surroundings (DR) in order to "dampen" the shock of the event, very simply put. It can get triggered by chronic stress, chronic anxiety, repeated panic attacks, consumption of drugs, but mostly trauma. Now, when I say trauma, it doesn't have to be a single tragic moment (like in PTSD), it can also be something repeated like emotional abuse or neglect, basically anything that didn't get processed properly and causes stress/anxiety. It comes with multiple symptoms (that more or less overlap between DP and DR): - feeling like you are watching someone else's life - feeling like there is a barrier between you and the real life - feeling like you see yourself from above (3rd person perspective, basically) - feeling like the world around you is grey, robotic, static-y (like the static on the tv), experiencing tunnel vision - feeling like you lose control of your actions/speech (because you're so disconnected from your body) - feeling like you do not remember someone's face, your face (usually when seeing yourself in the mirror), that you do not know the people in your life somehow - amnesia (depends a lot on the person and how long it's been going on, but this happens mainly because your memories have a lot of emotions attached to them normally, but because your entire emotional side is cut off, so to speak, it's hard to remember things; and on top of this there is the stress/anxiety of the trauma that can affect memory) - lightheadedness, brain fog, fuzzy head etc, the list goes on and it can depend from person to person, but what binds everyone together is the *sheer fear that you are going crazy, that it will last forever, that you are going to somehow die and lose your body (especially in DP)* Things that you can do for your gf in her worst moments: - breathe with her (inhale normally, exhale long, hold for a second, repeat until she calms) - if she is ok with touching: tickle gently, play with hair, whisper, hold hands, massage her feet or back - *anything that stimulates the senses and make sure she isn't getting stuck on thoughts but actually focuses on what she is feeling* (you might want to tell her to close her eyes and describe what she is feeling in her body) - if she has the possibility to have nice things around her for grounding: fluffy clothes, textures, smells like a favorite parfume or food, again, *anything that helps to focus on the senses* - yoga was for me a huge help, and I definitely recommend it, if she wants to try it - and of course, working on her trauma, because essentially DPDR goes away the moment anxiety/panic/stress goes away - *it is a very uncomfortable feeling of being always on the edge of your life, but it is NOT dangerous.. maybe exhausting, but NOT dangerous* - the brain does this thing to protect you! The most crucial aspect of dealing with DPDR is accepting it as just another symptom of whatever your life dealt you, and trying to live normally while the feelings last. They DO go away. The more the nervous system calms down, the less DPDR is experienced. For anyone interested, *The Body Keeps the Score* by Bessel van der Kolk and *Waking the Tiger* by Peter Levine are good books on the subject of how trauma creates such symptoms, *The Stranger in the Mirror* by Marlene Steinberg is good for the aspects of amnesia and dissociation (though it's a book about DID). I also recommend Jordan Hardgrave's youtube channel for more info. TL;DR Your brain tries to protect you from further trauma by disconnecting you from your emotions, bodily sensations, perceptions of your (supposedly) dangerous surroundings. (edit: formatting) (edit 2: thank you for the gold, stranger!)


Question: Where does the money to pay off a loan come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does the money to pay off a loan come from?

Yes. Loans do make people poorer and banks richer. It's a business so they obviously want to make money.


Question: How does having a sunburn increase the chance of skin cancer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does having a sunburn increase the chance of skin cancer?

Its not actually the sunburn that causes the cancer, its the UV rays from the sun. The UV rays break down and damage your cells and their DNA, and if a cells DNA is damaged in the "right" way (but not the right way for your health) it becomes a cancerous cell and begins replicating uncontrollably. Sunburn is your damaged cells shedding themselves because your body knows they are damaged and lets them die quickly and replaces them. Remember to always wear sunscreen!


Question: When microwaving food, why/how does one section get extremely hot while another section of food remains ice cold?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When microwaving food, why/how does one section get extremely hot while another section of food remains ice cold?

Simplified, microwave ovens use microwaves to excite water molecules to rapidly rotate water molecules. This friction creates heat and cooks your food. But the amount of excitement varies because a microwave is a wave. Some regions will have more excitement and others won't. In fact, this guy shows how you can use a sausage to determine the excitement regions (i.e. wavelength of the microwaves) URL_0


Question: how a < $10 buffet is even possible in 2017?! How much profit is made per person?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how a < $10 buffet is even possible in 2017?! How much profit is made per person?

In running a restaurant, a large part of the costs are labor and space. A buffet uses much less labor by not waiting tables, and by cooking food in huge batches. And it uses less space because customers come and go more quickly, so fewer tables serve more people.


Question: How do developers create multi-platform games that look completely the same? Do they start from scratch for each platform?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do developers create multi-platform games that look completely the same? Do they start from scratch for each platform?

They make games that run on a game engine. The game engine serves as a translation layer and is what is made to fit on each platform. The game will therefore look relatively the same with certain features available if the platform supports it. If this isn’t done correctly or not well tested then it can lead to problems such as those that plague Cyberpunk 2077


Question: How does the moon control ocean tides?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 How does the moon control ocean tides?

Gravity. The moon is over 300,000km away, but its gravity still tugs on the Earth, moving the tide in and out as it orbits the Earth. This diagram gives a good visual explanation: [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 )


Question: How does the underground ecosystem of a cemetery compare to that of a normal, untouched field of grass?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the underground ecosystem of a cemetery compare to that of a normal, untouched field of grass?

Most modern graves place the coffin in a sealed vault, so there would be little impact to the environment, beyond having a bunch of concrete in the ground now. Even with vaults, bodies buried in a cemetery represent a tiny fraction of the ecosystem there and remain biologically active for a very short time. Having a regularly watered lawn likely has a much greater impact than the bodies do.


Question: What do the authorities do with the money that is found from high end drug dealers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 What do the authorities do with the money that is found from high end drug dealers?

What on earth makes you think that asset forfeiture only applies to "high end drug dealers"? There are cases where people have had [their homes seized after being caught selling $40 worth of drugs]( URL_3 ), or because a visitor was caught with possession of small amounts of drugs. In the USA, civil forfeiture laws allow the police to seize assets on suspicion of a crime, the victim doesn't need to be found guilty or even charged with any crime. This is literally legalised theft, since the police can, and do, simply say that they "suspected" the money or property was the result of drug crime, and the victim has to prove that it wasn't. The authorities do whatever they want, since they write the laws. Some of them use it to fund the police, some of them use it as part of general revenue, some of them use it to buy [expensive and unnecessary military equipment]( URL_1 ), buy sports cars, fund holidays in Hawaii, and even pay for slushy machines. I'm not kidding or exaggerating. Some of them give the money to prosecutors and police as a personal bonus. So before you ask questions about "the authorities", you need to specify which ones. In the US, civil forfeiture is a lucrative money-making scam worth [literally billions of dollars]( URL_2 ), and more than 80% of people whose assets are legally stolen are never charged with a crime, and most of the rest are charged with only minor offenses. In some places, the same people who receive the seized property get to decide whether or not it was "drug related". Remember, the victim of this legalised theft doesn't need to be found guilty or even charged with any crime, and most of them aren't. The police just need to say they suspect that it might have been the proceeds of drug crime. More here: URL_0 URL_4


Question: Why does it seem so challenging now to send a manned crew to the moon, when we were able to accomplish this over 50 years ago?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why does it seem so challenging now to send a manned crew to the moon, when we were able to accomplish this over 50 years ago?

The best analogy I can think of is that it's also challenging to reproduce the Great Pyramid now, even though it was something that was accomplished 4000 years ago. It's not that we don't know how to do it, it's that our priorities have changed. We're not willing to spend the money it would require, and we're not willing to take as many risks with human lives as we were then. But we COULD do it.


Question: How did areas like the Sahara desert recieve such enormous amounts of sand?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 How did areas like the Sahara desert recieve such enormous amounts of sand?

Interestingly, the idea of deserts as mostly sand dunes is incorrect, however popular. Most of the Sahara, in fact, is comprised of 'hamada' or bare rock, which looks more like [this]( URL_0 ). Only a relatively small portion is sand dunes, called ergs. Ergs typically occur downwind of areas with lots of dry loose sand, like a beach, and those that form deep "Sand seas" tend to accumulate in a natural depression that serves as a reservoir for the windblown sand to get trapped in. I believe much of the sand specific to the Sahara is from sandstone weathering upwind in Northern Africa.


Question: Why does water based lube dry out so abruptly?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why does water based lube dry out so abruptly?

Your mucosa membranes absorb water quite readily. All of the parts that are fun for the sex and benefit from being lubed up will absorb water out of the lube and leave just the stuff dissolved into the water. Edit: The abrupt ness of it comes with what is dissolved in the water to make it a lubricant. The lube stuff is almost as attracted to itself as it is to the water. The water acts to keep the lube separate from itself so that it isn't too thick and sticky, it gets thick and sticky very quickly as the water is removed and the components of the lube start sticking to themselves and not riding along on a cushion of water.


Question: What determines whether you have a good or bad memory? Is it genetic?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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 What determines whether you have a good or bad memory? Is it genetic?

It's one of those nature vs nurture things. You're more likely to have poor memory if you have a mental illness or brain injury, for starters. Sometimes poor memory can be used as a diagnostic criteria depending on the illness, such as dementia or depression. Any injury to the brain can result in poor memory or memory loss as well. Some people are also born with good memory, like having photographic memory. These can be genetic. However, it is possible to train your memory to become better, given if you do not have mental illnesses or brain injury. Repetition or making mnemonics can be a good way to train your memory. Having your focus during something you're trying to remember is an important factor in forming memories as well. So really, it can be a mix of both. I felt like I had poor memory as a child (lose things a lot, etc). As an adult I would consider my memory to be fairly good, but I would say it's because I'm more focused on whatever it is I'm doing, and I try to take "mental snapshots" whenever I do something to help me remember it later. So I would say it's a mix of both genetic as well as environment or your own efforts on whether you have a good memory or not.


Question: Could someone please describe me the process of focusing on senses/stimuli, especially when doing so for the purpose of mental health?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Could someone please describe me the process of focusing on senses/stimuli, especially when doing so for the purpose of mental health?

Focusing on current sensory info can help stop cycling thoughts sometimes? Like pause the downward spiral?


Question: What are ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds? What makes them different from each other?

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 What are ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds? What makes them different from each other?

An ionic bond is when two atoms trade an electron, one atom gives it up, the other gets it. The two atoms become ions because of this. Then the electric charge of the two atoms attracts them together. A covalent bond is where the two atoms share 2 electrons. Basically the electrons start orbiting around both atoms in a figure 8 pattern (not really, but it is a good ELI5 analogy). Metallic bonds happen with metals. Basically metals tend to have more than 1 or 2 missing electrons. So instead all the metal atoms share a bunch of electrons between them. The atoms form a lattice or crystal structure and the electrons flow between all the metal atoms.


Question: What do people actually die from when they are burned alive?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What do people actually die from when they are burned alive?

Depends... but here's a few ways... Carbon monoxide poisoning would be the nice way out. Happens in house fires fairly often. Shock is another nice way out, where you effectively go unconscious from the pain and vital organs shut down. Not so nicely, you can cook to the point your skin burns off, and the organs can no longer function. The human body can burn pretty well, once the skin is burned off... It's possible to bleed out if the fire destroys enough blood vessels, and effectively pass out from blood loss. Then it's similar to shock as the body shuts down.


Question: Does light differ from heat?

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 Does light differ from heat?

> In thermodynamics, heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. So all light, both visible and the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum, is heat, but not all heat is light. For example heat can also be atoms bouncing off each other when you put a pot on a stove.


Question: why do wages not keep up with the rising cost of living?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 why do wages not keep up with the rising cost of living?

The short answer is debt. As the economy, and the money supply, grows, so does the total debt. Since the advent of pure fiat money the banks have become quite proficient in draining the excess productivity from the economy without allowing it to show up in wages and salaries. You might end up hearing more complex answers from apologists for the current system but it really is as simple as I laid it out. 97% of all money in circulation is created as interest bearing debt and that forces the money supply to grow forever to keep up the interest payments.


Question: Why does the surface of water look mirror-like from the underside at certain angles?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why does the surface of water look mirror-like from the underside at certain angles?

this is called "total internal reflection" in optics. light can escape from water into air only at steep angles. At shallow angles it gets reflected "totally", meaning the reflectivity is 100%. That is even higher than normal metallic mirrors (90%-98%). The reason is (missing) refraction. refraction and reflection occurs together. For steep angles refraction is high, and reflection is rather low. At shallow angles this changes dramatically: refraction is "forbidden" hence all light goess into reflection.


Question: Why are some individuals naturally more good at STEM related subjects and others more Arts (reading, writing)?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some individuals naturally more good at STEM related subjects and others more Arts (reading, writing)?

Natural variation. Just as some people are genetically gifted to be bigger and stronger (and hence probably better at athletics), some people will have better development in parts of the brain used for certain areas of activity. If you have parents who are strong in one area of intellectual achievement, odds are you will inherit that ability. Thanks to the semi random mixing of genes during reproduction, there is always the chance of a genetic gift just cropping up in children of parents who do not have that gift. Then there is upbringing. Children who are encouraged in the pursuit of one area of endeavor or another will likely grow up to be more skilled than average at it. Example; you always praise your child for their art, put it on the fridge, buy them art supplies for Christmas/birthdays/etc. That child will likely grow up with strong art skills. Same thing applies to STEM subjects, athletics and so on. Then there is personal motivation. (which can be cultivated by parents to some degree). Someone who enjoys the practice of a given skill, finds opportunities to practice is going to have a huge advantage over someone who doesn't "pay their dues". Even if you are a gifted, natural athlete, you'll never be a NBA star if you don't put in the many hours of shooting hoops, doing drills, playing on teams. The people who are the very best in a given area will typically have all three of those background traits: Genetically gifted, encouraged by parents and motivated to put in more hours at getting good than most people.


Question: how do singularities’ mass work?

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 how do singularities’ mass work?

It's infinitely dense. It is however FINITELY massive. Density = mass/size Finite mass/infinitesimal size = infinite density. As you get closer to a heavy object, you need to go faster to escape. When talking about a black hole, usually the radius is how close you can get before the speed you need to escape is the speed of light. A heavier black hole will have a larger radius. Gravity is exponentially stronger as you get closer.


Question: Why is hot water more effective than cold when washing your hands, if the water isnt hot enough to kill bacteria?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why is hot water more effective than cold when washing your hands, if the water isnt hot enough to kill bacteria?

For the purposes of hygenic cleaning (killing germs, removing dead skin, cleaning a wound), temperature doesn't matter and (in some scenarios eg washing off bodily fluids or with certain soaps.) cold water is actually preferable. For the purposes of cosmetic cleaning (washing off stains, cleaning oily fingers, greasy marks), hot water can help soften long chain hydrocarbons like waxes, grease or oils and can help solubilise inks or other chemicals into the soap or water. --- Tl;dr (Better ELI5) is: If you want to kill germs, temperature doesn't matter. If you want to clean dirty hands, warm water can help. In both cases, washing thoroughly (at least 15 seconds) with soap is the most important thing.


Question: Why do freezer burnt foods taste different?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do freezer burnt foods taste different?

Ok, I'll give this one a shot. Freezer burn is what happens when frozen food gets dehydrated. That's why we generally try to keep meat frozen in airtight packages. Freezer burned food is safe to eat, but the dehydration changes the texture and flavor, like how beef jerky tastes different from a roast.


Question: how does placing a bowl of water next my radiator increase the humidity in the house?

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<thinking>
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 how does placing a bowl of water next my radiator increase the humidity in the house?

Ever take a hot shower and the mirror is all foggy? The water isn't boiling but water vapor still gets into the air.


Question: Why do hallucinogens make you hallucinate if they are just binding to the same dopamine and serotonin receptors as other drugs. Why and how do shrooms and lsd and stuff physically alter your vision and make you see stuff you dont see?

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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why do hallucinogens make you hallucinate if they are just binding to the same dopamine and serotonin receptors as other drugs. Why and how do shrooms and lsd and stuff physically alter your vision and make you see stuff you dont see?

Neurotransmitters are critical in the process of creating neural "pathways", the transmission of electrical signals from synapse to synapse to synapse. Part of that process is for the neurotransmitters to "bind" (attach) to certain types of receptors on the synapses. LSD and other hallucinogens disrupt how this process is supposed to work, as they can bind to the receptors but don't work like the natural neurotransmitters are supposed to. In this way, they actually create spurious pathways in the brain that would not otherwise occur. In addition, in some parts of the brain they appear to inhibit the operation of the normal pathways, reducing the function of those areas. Part of that action seems to inhibit some of the sensory filtering that normally occurs in the thalamus (IIRC), so other areas of the brain are bombarded with information they usually doesn't have to deal with. This may cause the formation/use of more pathways than normal, or at least, different pathways.


Question: How can you waste water if it just cycles from evaporation to precipitation? Wouldn't it just always be the same amount of water?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can you waste water if it just cycles from evaporation to precipitation? Wouldn't it just always be the same amount of water?

It’s more of the cost it takes. The Water Bill in New York for example, is ridiculously high. So that’s what they mean.


Question: Why do opposite poles of magnet attract and like poles of a magnet repel?

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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do opposite poles of magnet attract and like poles of a magnet repel?

As of now, it’s fundamental. Meaning we don’t know why and accept it as the way things simply are. Of course there are people questioning whether a thing considered fundamental actually is such. Ideally, we’d like to arrive at a point where we only need to accept a single fundamental thing, from which the rest follows.


Question: Why is spot reduction impossible? Doesn't taking yohimbine hcl have the effect of spot reduction?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is spot reduction impossible? Doesn't taking yohimbine hcl have the effect of spot reduction?

> Why is spot reduction impossible? There is no mechanism to metabolize fat in specific areas of the body. The required sugars are drawn from everywhere via the blood regardless of what muscles are worked, or what herbal quackery is rubbed in certain places. > Doesn't taking yohimbine hcl have the effect of spot reduction? No, it is a stimulant and aphrodisiac. As a stimulant it can be useful in weight loss, but the various herbal products on the market are of unreliable dosing and caution should be exercised.


Question: Do WiFi signals face resistance when passing through walls?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do WiFi signals face resistance when passing through walls?

Yes, but walls aren't always the big issue! Waves can be absorbed by walls, reflected off of surfaces like windows and metal panels, and they can be grounded really easily. I used to do a bit of RF work and we found the biggest thing that hampered us was either metal fences (didn't matter that they're full of holes, they act like antennas and ground the shit out of it) and even trees, which behaved similarly. Often times walls (even fairly thick ones) aren't the biggest deal breaker.


Question: Why do I have to put a constant on an undefined integral and don't have to in a defined one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do I have to put a constant on an undefined integral and don't have to in a defined one?

Think of integration as backwards derivation. If you derive the result of your integration, you get back to where you started right? But it also works if you add any constant to the end of your integrated function (derivative of constant =0). So the true integral you're looking for could have any number as that last constant. You can't know what that number is without more info (an initial condition), so you leave it as C When you're given a definite integral your result will be a number, not a function. No need to worry about weather you're missing possible functions when your answer isn't even a function


Question: How are blacklights made and how do they differ from normal lights?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are blacklights made and how do they differ from normal lights?

Blacklights simply put out UV (Ultra Violet) light, a wavelength that is not visible to the human eye. Blacklights often out out purple light as an indicator that they are active, and possibly as a bi-product of shining in that range.


Question: Been an atheist most of my life. What's the difference between Baptist churches, churches of Christ, and Methodist churches?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Been an atheist most of my life. What's the difference between Baptist churches, churches of Christ, and Methodist churches?

Are you looking for differences in belief or the history of how those organizations came to exist?


Question: Why don’t doctor’s offices just accept all insurance plans?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why don’t doctor’s offices just accept all insurance plans?

Insurance agencies negotiate what they’ll pay doctors for performing types of care. If the insurance won’t pay the doctor what they think they are worth, the doctor can decline to accept that insurance.


Question: Astronomers say there are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the beaches on earth. How do they know how many grains of sand there are in the whole world?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Astronomers say there are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the beaches on earth. How do they know how many grains of sand there are in the whole world?

We can estimate both the volume and mass of the Earth. Take a bucket of sand, weigh it, measure its volume, then count the number of grains of sand in it. You now have an estimate of the number of grains per kg or per litre of sand. You can use that to estimate the maximum number of grains. We could assume the whole world were nothing but sand, take the mass of the Earth and multiple it by the number of grains of sand in a kilogram, and you’d have the maximum possible number of grains. Obviously the whole Earth isn’t made of sand, so we could be a little more careful. We could assume the top km of the Earths crust was made of sand, and multiple that volume by the number of grains of sand in a litre. This would be closer. Keep repeating this process and you’d get a ballpark figure of the number of grains of sand on Earth. Not an exact number, but a reasonable maximum.


Question: How come water based liquids sting wounds but oil based liquids or ointments don’t?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come water based liquids sting wounds but oil based liquids or ointments don’t?

Our bodies use water, in our blood, as the main fluid to move stuff around. So water is special to us in a way that oils are not, when water touches our wounds, it's sort of like the right plug fitting into the right outlet. Our nerves, which are exposed in a wound, use chemicals called "ions" to transmit signals up to our brain. When water touches an exposed nerve, if that water contains too many ions (like salty water) or too few ions (like distilled water) it can cause the nerves to misfire and transmit a signal to the brain that we perceive as "stinging". If the water has just the right ion balance, which we call "saline water", it wouldn't trigger that sensation.


Question: Why are there exactly 10 primary digits (0-9) in total? Could there have been any other number of digits if those who came up with the number system had decided on more primary digits?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there exactly 10 primary digits (0-9) in total? Could there have been any other number of digits if those who came up with the number system had decided on more primary digits?

It's possible our culture settled on base 10 because that's how many fingers we have. There's no mathematical reason behind this, though. It could be anything. To name an example, the Babylonians used a kind of [hybrid base 6 and base 10 making base 60]( URL_1 ), essentially the same way we write minutes and seconds in times. Indeed, _we_ use that. 60 has the advantage that it's divisible by many numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60. Already a third in base 10 becomes 0.33333… with infinitely many threes. A third of an hour is simply 20 minutes. Mathematicians have since come up with many systems, like [negative base]( URL_2 ), [golden ratio base]( URL_3 ) and a [factorial system]( URL_0 ). It can all work.


Question: How do banks make their money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do banks make their money?

You give me $100, I’ll give you $101 in 6 months I’ll then take your $100 and “loan” it to person x, But he/she has to agree to give me $225 after 6 months Repeat


Question: Will a mirror reflect UVC light if I make a box lined with it? Can it be an acrylic mirror instead of glass? If not what material for best reflection? I am building a disinfection container. Pls and thanks.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Will a mirror reflect UVC light if I make a box lined with it? Can it be an acrylic mirror instead of glass? If not what material for best reflection? I am building a disinfection container. Pls and thanks.

Glass blocks UVC, and most mirrors have glass before the reflective layer, so I think it’s not going to reflect it much So I would use aluminum foil to line the sides of the container instead


Question: Why is it so hard for a robot to tick the box '"I am not a robot"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so hard for a robot to tick the box '"I am not a robot"?

There's a lot more going on behind the scenes. In general, you see the simple checkbox captcha because Google already knows you're a human. With YouTube, Google Analytics, Gmail, Google Docs, Google ads, and thousands of other Google apps and sites, they are basically always tracking you. You're also almost guaranteed to be using a real/valid web browser, accept Google cookies, and you're acting like a real human. A bot might not have any Google history associated with it, might not be working inside a browser, might not be running the JavaScript that the captcha needs, might not make external requests that the captcha needs, might not accept cookies, their (possibly fake) user-agent might not match the features of a real/valid user-agent, etc. Google won't trust them, so they get the picture/puzzle captchas.


Question: How does signing online petitions affect change?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does signing online petitions affect change?

Online petitions are used to force companies to openly admit they are rejecting the thing that keep them alive: their customers. Most of the time, companies simply ignore them so there is no statement given. Other times, the petition is too big to ignore, and either the result is a well planned reason, or they cave and agree to make changes.


Question: How does elasticity work? Like, how can something stretch and then come back to its original state?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does elasticity work? Like, how can something stretch and then come back to its original state?

Think of springs. A metal coil that can stretch but rebounds. The material that forms the spring doesn't stretch but the way that the material is coiled allows it to deform enough to cause the spring to work. Elasticity is the same but with very very small "spring like" molecules. This is a vast simplification for ELI5


Question: why do they list sugar and carbohydrates on foods if sugar is just converted into carbohydrates?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do they list sugar and carbohydrates on foods if sugar is just converted into carbohydrates?

Other way around. Carbohydrates are converted into sugars. And it's the same reason why you have to list saturated and unsaturated fats separately, even if they have the same components, not everything is the same.


Question: What causes water in steel containers to taste metallic? Is it still "safe" to drink?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes water in steel containers to taste metallic? Is it still "safe" to drink?

Metal ions are positive, so electrons are attracted to them. electrons in the water are attracted to the container, making the water have a slight positive charge. metals usually have a slight positive charge, so the taste is associated with metals


Question: How are serotonin, dopamine, endorphins, and enkephalins related? Also what's the function of each on its own?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are serotonin, dopamine, endorphins, and enkephalins related? Also what's the function of each on its own?

Dopamine and serotonin are classical neurotransmitters. This means that they are one of a number of molecules that facilitate communication between nerve cells. Enkephalin is a neuropeptide. These are larger molecules that facilitate slower forms of communication between neurons because it takes time for them to be released and the effects they have typically make relatively persistent changes. Endorphins are also neuropeptides. Again these are involved in slower, forms of communication. To illustrate what I mean by slow and fast communication, compare an action (like raising your arm) to a mood (a feeling that occurs over a longer time period). Both are products of nerve cells talking to each other in different ways. I assume you're trying to get at something to do with pleasure/pain as: dopamine is typically thought of colloquially as the "reward" neurotransmitter, seratonin the "pleasure" neurotransmitter, endorphins are associated with inhibiting pain signals/producing pleasure (hence, endorphin = endogenous morphine), enkephalin is involved in pain signalling as well as it prevents/reduces pain messages to the brain.


Question: Why doesn’t bleaching teeth work for everyone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why doesn’t bleaching teeth work for everyone?

bleaching teeth depends on the interaction between a chemical compound in the bleaching material and the particles in teeth to release free radicals that make teeth more reflective of light and whiter , not all humans have the same capacity for this reaction to occur in their teeth , hence you get a variety of outcomes even with same bleaching material


Question: Where does the data go when you format a disk?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does the data go when you format a disk?

Write something in sand. Now brush it away. Where did the data go? To the same place as data on a hard drive.


Question: Why is full time status treated as a job promotion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is full time status treated as a job promotion?

If the full time position comes with benefits, vacation, medical, sick days etc. this is definitely a “promotion “. Benefits cost your employer money, so it would be an upgrade.