Question: How do composite fractions like f(g(x)) work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do composite fractions like f(g(x)) work?

Do you mean functions? You put a number into g, and get a number out. You use this output of g as an input of f, and get a number out from f. That's all a composite function does at the most general level. Some things you have to be careful about is that because you have to put inputs into g, the number you use has to make sense to put in g. Like if g(x) = sqrt(x), it doesn't make sense to put a negative number in (assuming real valued functions).


Question: What is the biological reason that we are able to grow long strands on our head?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the biological reason that we are able to grow long strands on our head?

The strands of hair from our scalps/heads grow longer because the hair follicles there have a much slow "turnover rate" programmed into them than the hair follicles in, for example, our arms. In other words, your arm hairs fall out much more frequently, so they don't have the chance to grow as long.


Question: What’s the purpose of a cork pea in a whistle?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s the purpose of a cork pea in a whistle?

It jumps around inside the whistle, momentarily blocking the aperture, which has the effect of adding a trilling effect to the sound. Without it it would just sound like a single steady note.


Question: Why most of the games show posion as in green colour? Is it true?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why most of the games show posion as in green colour? Is it true?

As mentioned before, the colour green is associated with sickness. Many people may also think about Chlorine when they hear "poison" - which was used for its poisonous properties during World War 1, and is a green gas. The substances used as rat poisons ages ago were also green. Modern poisons aren't necessarily green at all, they are usually colourless (poisons aren't very effective if they look obvious).


Question: How do scientists around the world compare notes and/or eliminate duplication of effort when doing things like looking for a cure to a disease?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do scientists around the world compare notes and/or eliminate duplication of effort when doing things like looking for a cure to a disease?

Well first of all, sometimes they don't. Sometimes they compete. But more often than not, scientists researching a particular topic know each other (or at least of each other). And any research that isn't proprietary will generally get published to one scientific journal or another. Scientists researching a disease often get their start working for a scientist who was already researching that disease or something similar, so as a result you get a kind of loosely connected community. Additionally, cures aren't something that you work on as a singular unit. Oftentimes, you develop an idea about how a cure could work, then you may test it in test tube conditions. By the time that data gets recorded and possibly published, it's possible word has already gotten around about what you're doing, and that's before you've even gotten around to testing on mice and then people.


Question: What are the socioeconomic pros and cons of having a cluster of small cities in a single area of land (i.e. the dozen or so cities within Los Angeles County, CA) versus one or two cities sprawled across a single county or metropolitan area?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the socioeconomic pros and cons of having a cluster of small cities in a single area of land (i.e. the dozen or so cities within Los Angeles County, CA) versus one or two cities sprawled across a single county or metropolitan area?

The biggest argument for a bunch of small cities is that it keeps the government closer to the people. People will feel like they have more influence then they do in a big city. Also the government will be more concerned with the local concerns. The biggest argument for a single city is efficiency. You don't need a county government. There would be more co-operation. Likewise they an argument could be that they are more concerned with the whole county rather than one area.


Question: Why do people always cut their hands in movies when they need to draw blood? It seems like a terrible place.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people always cut their hands in movies when they need to draw blood? It seems like a terrible place.

Ima say that it's probably because it's something the viewers can relate to. Most of us don't know what it's like to get shot or stabbed in the stomach. But we know what a paper cut feels like and how annoying and painful it can be. So getting cut on your palm in movies is something the audience could probably imagine and feel mentally.


Question: Why would astronomers prefer to measure distances in light "years" (365.25 days, 31,557,600 seconds) as opposed to metric-friendly "gigaseconds" (10^9 seconds)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why would astronomers prefer to measure distances in light "years" (365.25 days, 31,557,600 seconds) as opposed to metric-friendly "gigaseconds" (10^9 seconds)?

A year is a unit of time that is easily visualized. That is why we are using it in the first place. If you wanted to go full SI unit you would not be using time light traveled as a unit of distance in the first place. A petameter is about the same order of magnitude. (1 pm = 9.4 ly) Lightyears are much easier to wrap your head around than just a number of meters times ten to some power. If you wanted to have a unit that size which used SI prefixes you can also use parsec. It allows you to use regular sized SI prefixes like kiloparsec instead of having to use rare si perfixes like exameter.


Question: What is the use of Windows 10-S if there is allready a Windows 10-Education?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the use of Windows 10-S if there is allready a Windows 10-Education?

It seems like these two products are actually targeting two pretty different segments, even though both are "for" education. Based on what I'm seeing search-wise, Windows 10 Education is a better fit for desktop and "real" computers, especially those in a large network deployed by a school. Windows 10 E supports remote deployment and push installs, and other "I'm 1 IT guy with 500 computers on this campus I need to manage" things. Windows 10 E licenses can be purchased separately from computers, you have a headcount and can buy new computers and throw out old ones as you need, as long as you stay under whatever number seats you paid for. Windows 10 S, on the other end, seems to be a very "low end" solution. It only supports software from the Windows store (no push installs over MS's remote management tools) and comes "tied to" a specific device. This model is probably going to be a better fit for small & medium sized school IT setups. Since computers *with* Win10S start at $189 (for OS, hardware, everything), that means they're pretty much giving this operating system away, and the Windows-Store-only limitation is an intentional achilles heel to make sure bigger schools and companies still buy the "real" Windows 10.


Question: How do Coffeebeans get decaffeinated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do Coffeebeans get decaffeinated?

There are various methods can be used for decaffeination. These methods take place prior to roasting and may use organic solvents such as methylene dichloride or ethyl acetate, supercritical CO2, or water to extract caffeine from the beans while leaving flavour precursors in as close to their original state as possible. (Thank you Wikipedia.)


Question: Why does our brain sometimes not initiate the fight or flee but make us unable to move when we experience intense fear?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does our brain sometimes not initiate the fight or flee but make us unable to move when we experience intense fear?

Thing is people wrongfully call it fight or flight but the real thing is freeze-flight-fight, in that order. Freeze is the first natural response. It not only is the most convenient way of dealing with most threats, but it also gives you time to think about what you want to do next. Then, if necessary, we go into flight mode. This is because even if you can win a fight, you will probably still get hurt, which can mean certain death in the long run (unable to hunt, run away etc) Lastly, we fight. You can read more about it in Joe Navarro's book What Every Body Is Saying.


Question: Why does it look like city lights flicker when you look at them from afar?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it look like city lights flicker when you look at them from afar?

The air isn’t the same density all over. Temperature differences change the density of air which changes the speed and direction of light. It’s like when you see a wavy shimmering road on very hot days. The rising heated air bends the light.


Question: How can general pain medication like paracetamol and ibuprofen treat so many different things?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can general pain medication like paracetamol and ibuprofen treat so many different things?

Prostaglandins are natural chemicals that are released into your body when you are injured or sick. When they're released, they make nearby nerves hurt. This is when your body can tell that something is wrong, and you feel pain. Meds like ibuprofen target prostaglandins. It keeps more of them from being made, which reduces more nerve pain. So it's not so much that pills can hit a wide variety of targets, it's that the body's target is the same for most injuries.


Question: Why is the reflex hammer test so frequent in medicine?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the reflex hammer test so frequent in medicine?

They can evaluate the function of some segments of the spinal nerves, and also tell them if ur spinal chord and ur motor neurons are normal. For example, pattelar reflect, the most common test, evaluates the L2, L3 and L4 segments of the spinal chord, and if there's some alteration like minimum or excesive reflect, that could be a neurological problem or something else causing issuesin the spinal chord.


Question: Why do marathon runners who suffer cardiac arrest, often get them after they've stopped running?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do marathon runners who suffer cardiac arrest, often get them after they've stopped running?

It is hard to run when your heart is stopped so it is basically *always* going to be after running. This is one of those things that has a lot of caveats - if you are an intense runner and you go running and then come home and have take out and suffer a heart attack, that was both after running and after consuming a high salt food. Which did it? Neither, you were likely going to have the heart attack regardless of what you were up to that day. If you run every day then there is a high likelihood that you will go into arrest 'after' running, but like half of your life is after running so all sorts of things are also true for things that would generally happen 'after' running. This is why they haven't definitively linked cannabis use to an increased rate of heart attack, the study concluded that you were most likely to suffer one within two hours of smoking, if you were to watch the subjects all day you would find that beyond during sleep it is pretty hard to find a time outside of a two hour window of smoking cannabis. In other words, a lot of people are basically *always* within two hours of smoking cannabis during the waking hours of their life. This is all to say, this should not dissuade anyone from running. While sudden cardiac arrest has been noted for runners, the reality is that as a cohort runners have significantly reduced risk of stroke and heart attack. Even if you have existing heart disease running reduces the risk of having your first or second heart attack. Even if you *do* have a heart attack as a runner you are also far less likely to die of that heart attack. I worked with a guy that had a heart attack due to clot, 85% occlusion, atherosclerosis, and he was basically still alive after his heart attack because his heart had so many ancillary blood vessels that formed over this years of running that the damage wasn't as bad as it could have been considering the clot.


Question: how can something like beer, a liquid, make you more thirsty?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how can something like beer, a liquid, make you more thirsty?

Just because it's a liquid doesn't mean it'll provide you with water. Drink a bottle of mercury or antifreeze...... actually don't. Beer is a solution of alcohol and water. While it initially provides you with water, the alcohol triggers your system to use it's water store to flush out the processed alcohol toxin, leaving you with less water than you drank in the beer.


Question: for the past 20 years every 1st day of spring has been March 20th. Why was the 1st day of spring on the 19th this year?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 for the past 20 years every 1st day of spring has been March 20th. Why was the 1st day of spring on the 19th this year?

It can be the 19th, 20th, or 21st of March in the Northern Hemisphere. This year was actually the earliest first day of Spring in the last 124 years, so you're on to something there. The fact of the matter is that we've been losing about one minute of Springtime every year, which has been added to Summertime each year. It's all about how the Earth's orbit has been changing ever-so-slightly over time.


Question: How can a medical injection cost a million dollars?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can a medical injection cost a million dollars?

The millions of dollars of research that went into making it most likely. Plus the fact it's probably not a super common medication, meaning that the cost to research it and create it can't take advantage of economy of scale. So you're splitting a large cost among only a few people.


Question: why do we bring water to a rapid boil and then simmer to cook food. What does the boil to simmer do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do we bring water to a rapid boil and then simmer to cook food. What does the boil to simmer do?

Other answers cover 90% of it. Boiling water is at a constant temperature for your elevation. At sea level, boiling water is always 100°C, wether you boil it fast or slow. So a simmer will cook your food just as fast as a rolling boil, with a reduced risk of the bottom bits getting burned.


Question: Why do some foods taste much better hot, while others taste much better cold?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some foods taste much better hot, while others taste much better cold?

Most of what you taste is about how things smell. When you're eating something that's warm, you get the smells escaping from the food better as it's hotter, and the chemicals that make the smells evaporate off the food, or are drawn up in steam. For some foods this is great! Think about how good fresh bread just out the oven smells and how it tastes a million times better than it does when it's cooled down (not that room temperature bread is bad... But fresh stuff is amazing!). But for others, this might cause chemicals to be released that don't smell so good. Warm ham, for example, smells quite odd. Most foods that we eat cold are quite refreshing. So the coolness is part of that. What is also vital is how the food feels in your mouth. For example, sausages that are fresh out of the oven have a completely different texture to cooked sausages that have been in the fridge, as the fats congeal. This too is part of how we enjoy our foods.


Question: How do researchers separate and identify liquids mixed that are mixed together?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do researchers separate and identify liquids mixed that are mixed together?

There are a several different ways. First, since it's extremely common for liquids to have different densities, you can just let it sit and they'll eventually separate on their own, like oil and water. For liquids that won't separate, you can often just heat the solution up until one liquid boils away, and then capture and condense the vapor. This is how you distill alcohol. If both of those fail, you can chemically treat the solution, so that one liquid reacts and forms a solid with whatever you're treating it with, you can then remove the solid.


Question: What tax “loophole” allows rich people to pay less in taxes than middle class people?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What tax “loophole” allows rich people to pay less in taxes than middle class people?

the big one is the capital gains tax vs paycheck income taxes. Rich people make a lot of money from the sale of stock, but that sale is taxed at a much lower rate than income taxes. Another is that they can afford accountants who can spend the time to look for deductions, write-offs and other ways to reduce their tax liability.


Question: Whats the difference between time lapse of washing your hands? Does an extra 5 seconds really make a difference.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Whats the difference between time lapse of washing your hands? Does an extra 5 seconds really make a difference.

It's shown that you should really wash your hands properly with soap for at least 30 seconds. I've linked to an image which shows how time effects cleanliness. They used a substance that lights up under UV light to show this. URL_0 Edit: as you can see from the final image, extra in-depth cleaning should be done on your nails and the creases between your fingers.


Question: Is the probability of rolling one of 2 numbers on a dice with a certain amount of attempts higher than rolling just one specific number with double the attempts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is the probability of rolling one of 2 numbers on a dice with a certain amount of attempts higher than rolling just one specific number with double the attempts?

The chances of rolling exactly a six with two rolls is 11/36. The chances of rolling a five or a six with one roll is 1/3 or 12/36. So to answer your question, yes, the probability of rolling one of two numbers with a certain amount of attempts is higher than rolling just one specific number with double the attempts? Disclaimer: I don't know the formula for working it out, I just drew a little 6 by 6 chart of all of the 36 possible outcomes for rolling two dice and counted the number of outcomes where at least one dice was a 6.


Question: If someone is shot at a distance of 10-25 feet, and instantly killed by the bullet, would they hear the gunshot before they died?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If someone is shot at a distance of 10-25 feet, and instantly killed by the bullet, would they hear the gunshot before they died?

If the bullet is faster than the speed of sound and resulted in the target's immediate death, then they would not hear any gunshot


Question: Why do cameras lose focus on certain objects? Can current technology make it so that losing focus is no longer a thing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do cameras lose focus on certain objects? Can current technology make it so that losing focus is no longer a thing?

There's a number of different methods cameras use to focus, including manual, and you haven't specified which. The general answer for automatic focus is that the camera doesn't know what thing in the frame you want to focus on. It has to figure out on its own what is supposed to be the object of focus and what's in front of and behind that object. If you have one person standing far away and another closer, which one are you trying to take the picture of? The camera doesn't know, so it tries its best to pick the one most likely. This stems from the fact that there is a limitation on how much stuff a camera can focus on at once. This is called "depth of field", which means the range of distance from the lens where objects will be in focus. The size of the depth of field depends on things like how long the focal length of the lens is and the size of the aperture on the camera, which is the little metal iris behind the lens. You can get a larger depth of field by making the aperture smaller, but it lets less light through, which can be a problem in low light environments. Basically, everything on a camera is a trade-off, and even the smartest chip in the best digital camera can't always make the same choice about what settings to use as a human might want.


Question: How do food stamps/credit cards work from the viewpoint of a business owner?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do food stamps/credit cards work from the viewpoint of a business owner?

For "EBT" style cards, where the card is swiped to make the transaction, the computer sees these as something like a debit card. The difference being, that certain types of items are prohibited from being purchased on these types of cards. In this case, just like with a debit card, when the transaction is made, the card number and dollar amount are sent to the bank, and funds are immediately transferred from one account (the state benefits agency, in this case) to the store's account. Credit cards are similar, but the transaction is not always immediate. There is no action, in terms of contacting the card company for reimbursement, needed for either type of card. The bank handles this backend. Finally, there are other forms of benefits, such as "WIC." These are much more restrictive in terms of what may be purchased. This benefit is delivered in the form of a check, which is written for the purchase amount, and placed in the store's cash drawer along with other checks, to be sent to the bank and processed.


Question: How do chemist do experiments with boiling water when there's no such thing as a "real" boiling point?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do chemist do experiments with boiling water when there's no such thing as a "real" boiling point?

This is actually a really neat exploration of what we scientists call "confounding factors". These are details about the set-up of an experiment that can affect what our measurements say, but don't actually affect the underlying scientific principle. There is a "real" boiling point for water that depends only on the atmospheric pressure, but what a thermometer might say can depend on how well heat transfers into the water, where the thermometer is placed, or how well the water is stirred. A well-designed experiment has carefully considered these confounding factors, and controlled for them by either changing the apparatus (the actual device used in the experiment) or by the scientific model we use to interpret the results. On a more practical level, scientists account for these factors when discussing their experiments by specifying the conditions with great detail, so that if there are other scientists who must use other conditions, they can adjust their own experiments.


Question: Why when you look at clouds you can’t see through them, but when you are in a cloud you can see some distance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why when you look at clouds you can’t see through them, but when you are in a cloud you can see some distance?

Clouds are tiny droplets of water suspended in air. These droplets are spaced out quite a bit from each other and cause incoming light to bounce around and get scattered in all directions. This is why clouds appear white. When you are observing a cloud from far away, there are so many droplets in the way of the light and your eye (and therefore so many scattering events) that light can't go from the opposite side of the cloud to your eye without being scattered. This is why you can't see through the cloud. When you are inside a cloud and try to look at your hand, for example, because there are relatively few water droplets between your hand and your eyes, light is still able to reflect back to your eyes without being completely scattered. If this distance becomes too great, scattering dominates and you eventually lose visibility.


Question: Why do companies (Google, Apple, etc.) that have billions of dollars worth of debt not pay it off when they have the money for it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do companies (Google, Apple, etc.) that have billions of dollars worth of debt not pay it off when they have the money for it?

Imagine if your friend had a really weird system of borrowing money: For every $5 you give him today, he'll give you back $10 tomorrow (and you know he's good for it, no matter how much money you give him). Obviously you'd want to give him every cent you have, right? It'd literally double your money overnight! Hell, you'd want to go out and take as many loans as possible, just to give the money to him. Even if you had to pay ridiculous interest rates, you'd make a profit! For a less ridiculous example, imagine your friend has this system: For every $5 you give him today, he'll give you back $10 in a year. A bit less unreasonable, but this would still be a really great profit for you. You wouldn't give him every cent you have, obviously: You want to keep enough money to pay your bills for the year, buy food, save a bit for emergencies, and probably some spending money in case you wanted to buy a new game or go to the movies every now and then. Even so, you'll still probably want to give most of your spare money to him, because you'll profit so much off of it. If they lend it to you at a good interest rate, you might even borrow some money from friends or family *just* to lend it to your friend for a year, since you'll probably still profit from that. Even if you owed someone some money, it might be worth it to accept the late fees, because you'll have more money in a year from giving it to your friend instead of paying what you already owe. This is the system that big companies are in: They *could* pay billions towards their debt now, but that might not be the best way to use their money. If instead they invest it in their own growth, they might multiply it several times over within the next few years, meaning that (even with interest rates and inflation) they'll profit more in the end compared to if they had just paid off all of their debts right away. EDIT TO ADD: I tried to keep my explanation simple and focused just on one reason for this, but people in the comments have pointed out that it was overly simplified and missed some (more nefarious) elements of why companies might do this. Since I'm not an expert on the following, please take this next paragraph with a grain of salt, and look into it on your own to understand how it works: Companies might not want to bring money earned overseas back into the US, because that could cost them a lot on taxes. They might want to invest it, or if that's not possible or likely to give them a good return, they might just sit on the money until the government offers another repatriation tax holiday (When the government gives companies a time to bring money back to the US at a ***heavily*** reduced tax rate).


Question: What is the logic behind rescuing women and children first in case of an emergency?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the logic behind rescuing women and children first in case of an emergency?

Women can procreate and make more people but only limited to every 9 months. Children are new humans that have infinite potential. In a life or death situation where rescue operations need to take place, Men are the most expendable for the survival of all.


Question: Why do some wounds get just stitches or staples to heal while others get packed with sterile gauze?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some wounds get just stitches or staples to heal while others get packed with sterile gauze?

You want the wound to heal from the bottom up; if the skin heals itself closed before the sides of the wound have joined back up, the bubble that's trapped under the skin can turn into an abscess, which is bad news. So you pack the wound with gauze so that only the deepest part can knit itself back together; then when you replace the gauze, you can't push it in as deep, and the the wound gets a little shallower, bit by bit, until, finally, it closes at the top.


Question: - How do companies make money when we waste our time on their apps/websites?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - How do companies make money when we waste our time on their apps/websites?

Before the ad era there was no social media. Its realy only advertising or selling advertising spots on the website to others to be more precise. Facebook knows alot about you, like where you live, your relationship status and your education. This is why they offer the best quality to any company who wants to advertise. Only facebook is able to display the advertising for a fertility clinic to young woman who are in a relatonship since a minimum amount of time. Thats why advertising on facebook or other social media is so much more worth compared to a street sign. And facebook does do just that: selling space on your devices screen in real time based on what facebook knows about you.


Question: How does the Earth (and everything else) just float, suspended in space?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the Earth (and everything else) just float, suspended in space?

The short answer is: it doesn't. We are constantly falling towards the sun. It's just that we're also moving sideways at the same time so that we never actually hit the sun, but keep going around it. The sun (and all the planets around it) are also falling, towards the middle of the Milky Way. But again, because the sun and planets are moving sideways relative to the center of the Milky Way, we keep going in circles around the center. In the end everything is rotating around other stuff. There is no real up and down to fall to. We just keep falling towards other massive objects.


Question: Why is there a processing fee for credit cards but not for sending in physical checks which need to be handled?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there a processing fee for credit cards but not for sending in physical checks which need to be handled?

Credit card companies charge vendors for card usage, so a product a sold to you for $10 doesn't provide the vendor with $10 of revenue unless they charge an additional fee.


Question: Does 'Survival of the fittest' mean we could potentially one day and up with a lot of "superanimals"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does 'Survival of the fittest' mean we could potentially one day and up with a lot of "superanimals"?

Survival of the fittest is really an outmoded concept. Nature doesn't pick only the strongest/fastest/smartest. Survival of the "good enough" is more realistic. And what constitutes good enough changes both with environment and time, there's no 'ultimate' goal to which evolution is advancing. Something extremely fit and useful today could be a huge detriment tomorrow.


Question: Why is the performance of a graphics card tied so heavily to the drivers, to the point that a bad driver can cause a sudden drop in performance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the performance of a graphics card tied so heavily to the drivers, to the point that a bad driver can cause a sudden drop in performance?

Yo don't write code to be executed on the graphics card directly. Yo write code in a API like DirectX or OpenGL that the driver converts or thing that are executed on the graphics card. So the performance depends on good the driver is. The reason for not writing directly to the graphics card is that then you would have to write different code for each new model of graphics card for it to work and have maximum performance. It is simpler that the manufacturer writes the driver for their card once. The not writing directly is not quite true because of shaders and OpenCL etc but that is not a ELI5 answer


Question: Why, despite all the stuff hurling round space, has Earth not been hit by a devastating asteroid in the last few hundred years?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why, despite all the stuff hurling round space, has Earth not been hit by a devastating asteroid in the last few hundred years?

Space is big. I mean really big. You might think it's a long way to the top if you want to rock and roll, but that's peanuts compared to space. All the planets in the solar system ? You can line 'em up between the Earth and the moon. They'll fit. And the moon is next door. That's how big space is compared to the stuff floating around in it.


Question: what is the difference between drug-induced psychosis and any other non-psychotic experience that drugs can give you? If certain drugs make you see things that aren’t there, isn’t that technically psychosis?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is the difference between drug-induced psychosis and any other non-psychotic experience that drugs can give you? If certain drugs make you see things that aren’t there, isn’t that technically psychosis?

Drug induced psychosis lasts longer than the time the drugs are in your system. Seeing stuff while on drugs isn't psychosis, its being on drugs. Psychosis is having visual and/or audible hallucinations that aren't triggered by outside chemicals.


Question: If i own a device like android phone, why is it so hard to get full privileges?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If i own a device like android phone, why is it so hard to get full privileges?

i assume you are asking about root access, well most phones have a 1 year warranty period so during that period even though you paid for and own the device you are the secondary user and the manufacturer is the primary . now if you are an amateur who doesn't know much about the phone and they give you root access you might go to the root files and mess up some stuff and they will have to fix it .and giving root access will also mean giving you the ability to go and uninstall all the bloat wares that some phones come pre intalled with these applications are their sponsors and they don't want that. so basically they don't trust an average user


Question: Why do 2 sticks of ram need to be the same when being used in twin ports? Why wouldnt two different sticks work the same?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do 2 sticks of ram need to be the same when being used in twin ports? Why wouldnt two different sticks work the same?

They *may* work but dissimilar sticks will be limited in performance to the slower of the two. By having the same kind in paired ports you can avoid losing some of the potential performance. It is best practice to put in the same kind of memory so the timing and speed are the same.


Question: How does comparable gpu's have completely different power needs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does comparable gpu's have completely different power needs?

More modern manufacturing process, using smaller transistors that leak less heat during operation, and improvements to the arrangement of those transistors that results in a more efficient architecture.


Question: What is at the bottom of the crack in an earthquake?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is at the bottom of the crack in an earthquake?

if you drop a layer cake, one or more layers may break, but not always in the same place. what is happening is the soft layer of filling keeps the breaks seperate. so where the topping or icing breaks, you may get a deep chasm, you may not, but unless the cake is completely unrecognisable, there's not a single place where you see all the way to the plate. the earth's crust is made of many more layers of all different softnesses. wherever they get squished or stretched, an earthquake is the vibration of the layers moving around and rubbing. so there is not always a break, and just like the dropped cake, you might get lucky and the change in shape might not be noticable! when there is a break you will likely see the crack go down through rocks of similar softness, until a layer of softer or loose rocks, perhaps covered by loose rocks fallen in from the sides of the crack. if you were expecting a volcano to burst out, you would have to be next to a geological fault line, where the process is different. that's more like two cakes being smooshed into each other, and the cracks and earthquakes are usually minimal compared to the slow movement of layers sliding and folding over each other, leaving filling all over the place and very occasionally letting some of the super hot filling of the earth to leak out. please clean up after yourselves and don't waste cake.


Question: What is the "fed-rate" and why did the increase it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the "fed-rate" and why did the increase it?

Say you go into your local bank and ask for a $10 million loan. The bank says "I like your face kid. It's honest. Lemme see what I can do." But your local bank doesn't actually have the money. No biggie! The bank calls the central bank of the United States and says "dude, I need ten fatties". The central bank, aka the Federal Reserve, says "sure, I've got it right here but it will cost you 2.5% interest." Your bank comes back and charges you 3% interest. Not so bad, so you agree and are one step closer to launching your new falafel stand. When your bank can get money cheap (because of low interest rates), they can pass on an equally low interest rate to you. So more people borrow money and suddenly everyone's throwing cash around like a bachelor party at a strip club. But say the Fed told your banker it's going to cost 10%. The bank charges you 11% but the falafel business isn't *that* good, so you decline. When money is expensive, less of it goes into the market and more stays in savings. This is how the Fed tries to control inflation and other financial movements.


Question: why do our eyes adjust to the distances of objects reflected in a mirror as opposed to the distance of the mirror itself?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do our eyes adjust to the distances of objects reflected in a mirror as opposed to the distance of the mirror itself?

A mirror's reflection is not a 2D image. A mirror's reflection is a perfect mirror of the world it reflects. Here is a simple test. View a mirror from two different angles. Note that you see different things in it. Nothing has fundamentally changed about the mirror - it is reflecting light in exactly the same way as it was before - and yet you see different images. You can even see the same objects from different angles.


Question: Diplomats are being pulled from Cuba embassy for suspected directed sonic attacks. What are these attacks, how can they target individuals, and what causes the debilitating effects?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Diplomats are being pulled from Cuba embassy for suspected directed sonic attacks. What are these attacks, how can they target individuals, and what causes the debilitating effects?

The idea is that you can use the emission of ultrasonic waves (well above 40kHz) to cause lasting personal harm to the subject. The whole thing cannot really be explained as there have been little details released on the specifics behind the supposed injuries sustained, and a lot of people are skeptical on the possibilities of so-called "sonic attacks". The only thing I can think of that's anything close to what we're talking about is an 'Active Denial System', a nonlethal directed energy riot countermeasure that focuses a high power beam of 95GHz waves in short bursts, functioning on similar principles to a microwave. This however is by no means a covert method - if you were being hit by this thing, you'd definitely know about it, as made obvious by the many test videos floating around.


Question: What is the simulation theory exactly, and how plausible is it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the simulation theory exactly, and how plausible is it?

I believe you refer to a fairly recent thought experiment starting with the premise that we will one day be able to simulate our observable universe. If we can achieve to simulate our entire existence in a computer, then the resulting simulation should also be able to simulate the "same universe" when it'll reach its own capacity to simulate the universe. This new generation of simulated universe could do the same and so on, for what could be an infinite number of simulations. So accepting the premise that we could one day simulate our universe, also means that we could be part of such a simulation and not the original universe. Since there would be an infinite numbers of these generated universe and without any ways to reach out of our universe to check whether or not we are part of a simulation, our odds of being in the original universe is 1 against an infinity, a probability that's tends toward zero. This led some people to state that we are in a simulation.


Question: What can't anti-tick-and-flea meds be made for humans?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What can't anti-tick-and-flea meds be made for humans?

The kind that are applied to the body of the animal use the fur to distribute the 'medicine'. The kind that is taken internally is not FDA approved for humans.


Question: Why is there a mouse plague in Australia?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there a mouse plague in Australia?

The mouse plague has been caused by a "perfect storm" of optimal weather conditions for breeding and the end of the 2017 to 2019 drought. The mice first appeared in the spring of 2020 when farmers were harvesting a bumper crop. There was plenty of grain in the paddocks and in storage for the mice to eat, as well as fewer predators, which died during the drought. URL_0


Question: - How does Youtube decide which videos have an ad play before the video?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - How does Youtube decide which videos have an ad play before the video?

It's partially left up to the creators I believe. Beyond that, they have a software system running that scans through videos looking for things that would mark it to be demonetized, meaning it is content that advertisers probably wouldn't want to be associated with by having an ad play on it. Further, they just might not have an ad available to serve at that moment that seems to fit the bill of the content.


Question: Why can you not dissolve materials like wood or stone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can you not dissolve materials like wood or stone?

You can, it just takes a different solvent. Different liquids dissolve different things. Water is a very wide ranging solvent, and dissolves lots of different materials, but other things (like glues) dissolve more easily in alcohols.


Question: What's the difference between a bank and a credit union?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between a bank and a credit union?

A credit union is a cooperative. I paid 5$ to be a member of mine. The members own the company. They hire staff to run it. Theres are regular CA meetings when major decisions are made. Once a year the overall dividends (profit) is shared between all members. I make about 300$ a year this way.


Question: why do faces get oily but no other skin like our arms and legs suffer the same greasy fate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do faces get oily but no other skin like our arms and legs suffer the same greasy fate?

A couple things 1) Face skin is different than arm or leg skin. Skin doesn't have the same uniform characteristics over the whole body. 2) Usually our bodies are covered in clothing that absorbs some skin oils. Usually our faces aren't.


Question: Why are there so many Russian oligarchs and how did they get all of their money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there so many Russian oligarchs and how did they get all of their money?

> Who are these people? Where did they get their cash? As you probably know, the Soviet Union was a communist state, which meant that the government controlled all industry. When the Soviet Union fell, the new Russian government quickly privatized everything in a program called [shock therapy]( URL_0 ). When this privatization happened, many corrupt ex-Soviet government officials became the new owners of these Russian industries and resources. & #x200B; > Why do they want American property and are they as interested in other countries? Russia has a weak economy and a corrupt government. One of the dangers of having a lot of assets in Russia is that the government might decide to take them away from you for no reason, and you'll never get them back. For this reason, a rich Russian might prefer to park their money in America, where the rule of law is actually a thing. This is common behavior among rich people in developing countries: they often try very hard to get their money out of their home country and move it to the US, Europe, and other rich, corruption-free countries. Chinese businessmen are well-known for buying real estate abroad, for example.


Question: What exactly is a derivative?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is a derivative?

The derivative is a measure of change. On a graph, it is effectively the slope. Now, a slope doesn't have to stay the same. If I take the graph of y=x^2 the slope clearly changes. So, what is the slope of this line at any given x value? If I graphed that, this new function I've graphed is the derivative of x^2 - if you're curious the derivative of y=x^2 with respect to x is y=2x


Question: Swatting a fly... a slap or a punch?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Swatting a fly... a slap or a punch?

Neither, you clap. You can only move your hand so fast, and it's typically slower than the fly can dodge. Clapping effectively doubles the speed you close the distance between the fly and your hand. Plus, you need to smack the fly *against* something to kill it or else you're just kind of tossing it. If you want to kill the fly, clap. If you want to shoo it away, slap. If you want to look like a nutjob, punch.


Question: Why is albanian mafia so powerful worldwide?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is albanian mafia so powerful worldwide?

I honestly think it's because of their history. Dictatorship, wars(a lot of them), invasions and other factors. You can almost tell why they're much into crime. It's the rural areas that are involved in crime, especially the south. Have you read about Lazarat? It's literally a village made of weed. There's plenty of fields planted with marijuana, and the police can't do much about since it's controlled by the Mafia. In the north of Albania, especially Kukes, there are hitmen that'll kill anyone for a cheap price ranging from €1000 to €3000. As I mentioned above, a key factor to this is previous wars. This caused a huge immigration crisis, people immigrating to a lot of different countries. It's the main reason why the Albanian mafia has connections throughout the world. Edit: Here's a quote I read somewhere. Even fellow mobsters are afraid to do business with the Albanian gangs. A member of the "Kielbasa Posse," an ethnic Polish mob group, speaking anonymously for Philadelphia's City Paper, declared in 2002 that Poles are willing to do business with "just about anybody. Dominicans. Blacks. Italians. Asian street gangs. Russians. But they won't go near the Albanian mob. The Albanians are too violent and too unpredictable.


Question: why health insurance companies have special enrollment periods?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why health insurance companies have special enrollment periods?

To fight off "adverse selection". In other words, so that you can't buy insurance each time you get sick and then drop it each time you feel better. An alternative to that would be to exclude pre-existing conditions coverage, but that is hard to enforce because it is much harder to say your didn't know your house was on fire on a given date, then to say you didn't notice you were bleeding from the butt on a given date. Also, there are rules against it.


Question: How did media control symbols become standard (play, pause, fast forward, etc.)? Do other parts of the world use different symbols?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did media control symbols become standard (play, pause, fast forward, etc.)? Do other parts of the world use different symbols?

URL_0 There is actually an international standard for all forms of icons. I'm going off of personal knowledge here, so correct me if I'm wrong, but during the 80s when electronics started to become more widespread globally and production switched from the west to the east, many of the manufacturers understood they would need a standardized way of denoting controls on electronics. They held a convention to draft up a list of virtually any kind of control one would need as a symbol that could be understood. There like a huge book of hundreds of symbols. TL;DR the symbols we used are arbitrary and standardized internationally. EDIT:removed the extra "d".


Question: Why does salt on an ice cube burn your skin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does salt on an ice cube burn your skin?

TLDR: Salt melts ice, which makes the melting ice super cold 1) Dissolving certain things into ice makes it melt easier. Ice (H20) is held together because the oxygen (O) is slightly negatively changed and hydrogen (H) is slightly positively charged. The H and Os of different ice molecules stick together like weak magnets. There are a lot of molecules in an ice cube, so when the stick end to end they form a big 3D web shape. Heat (energy) melts ice, as it gives the molecules the energy to unstick. Salt (sodium chloride) can break apart into strongly positively charged sodium and strongly negatively charged chloride. The strong charged molecules attract and repel the water molecules which makes the web less stable, so it take less heat to break it apart. Ever see those gifs where magnets form a cool looking structure, then a single other magnet is added and all the magnets go crazy? That’s what is happening in a smaller scale 2) When solids melt to liquids, they take up energy. And I mean a lot of energy. It takes a lot to separate the magnets. So melting things literally sucks the heat out of what’s around them. Because of this, melting ice can make your skin so cold, it causes serious burns. Let me know if I can clarify anything! Edit: A letter Edit 2: TLDR