Question: Why do monkeys try to see human breasts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do monkeys try to see human breasts?

confirmation bias. monkeys are curious little dudes that investigate the insides of everyone's clothes, breast or no


Question: Why is it easier for me to believe that something bad might happen any time soon rather than thinking something good might be coming my way?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it easier for me to believe that something bad might happen any time soon rather than thinking something good might be coming my way?

Evolution. You have a better chance of survival if you're prepared for a bad thing to happen. A good thing happening is just a bonus but a bad thing could mean death so we have evolved to better process dangerous situations. This is why we have a fight or flight response too.


Question: Why is it impossible to pack an opened pack of cigarettes to the same degree as you can pack an unopened pack?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it impossible to pack an opened pack of cigarettes to the same degree as you can pack an unopened pack?

It’s not impossible, just very difficult. They have machines that squeeze in the cigarettes tight so it’s thinner and they can put more packs on each truck. When you open it air gets in and they puff back out a bit.


Question: What is the “cup” system in baking?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the “cup” system in baking?

1 cup=250ml. Weight will depend on the density of the ingredient. You can google conversions for different ingredients.


Question: Why can't we just create a new liquid fuel to replace gasoline?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't we just create a new liquid fuel to replace gasoline?

Well, that's basically ethanol. The thing is that it's more efficient to just collect energy directly from the sun or wind and put it in a battery than it is to cover the planet in corn fields in order to make ethanol.


Question: How does the “Always have room for dessert” phenomenon” work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the “Always have room for dessert” phenomenon” work?

Because feeling full doesn't mean being full. It takes roughly 20 minutes for your Stomach to send the signals that tells your brain "I've had enough food". If you eat too fast, you stomach doesn't have enough time to tell your brain to stop eating, and you will eat more than necessary. When slowly eating high-calory food, your stomach could tell your brain that it has received enough calories, even if it's still half empty.


Question: where do the numbers in pi come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 where do the numbers in pi come from?

Pi is a ratio. That is it is the number of time the diameter (distance across) a circle fits into the perimeter (the distance around). It’s not an exact fit. How can you compute the digits physically? If you did this with one circle, the distance around would be about 3 times bigger, but you’d need a little more make it all the way. Say you added up the distance around 10 circles the same size. That will take 31 of their diameters plus a bit to equal that. 100 perimeters of the same circles would be 314 diameters plus a bit. 1000 circles is 3141 diameters. And so on.


Question: Why is it so much easier to notice typos after you send a message, compared trying to proofread the message before you send it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so much easier to notice typos after you send a message, compared trying to proofread the message before you send it?

Your brain makes all kinds of assumptions for you when it builds a picture of something. Your eyes even have a blind spot that you never noticed because your brain fills in what it thinks should be there. When you are proofreading something that you just wrote, your brain will auto correct small mistakes because it knows what you meant to write. When you hit send you change the environment the message was in. there are different colors around, it might be in a different font, ect. So it kind of resets what your brain thinks is supposed to be on the page and you actually read it again. Artists take advantage of this by viewing their work in a mirror to find mistakes or just things they don't like. It is the same idea, viewing the work in a different setting resets what your brain thinks the work should look like and you actually look at it again.


Question: How does carbon dating work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does carbon dating work?

Not with *carbon* dating. That only works with organic material less than about 50k years old. For zircons, they know there was no lead in the crystal originally, so any present now must be the result of uranium decaying. Measure the amounts of lead and uranium, and figure out how many half-lives it's been since the crystal formed. URL_0


Question: how do people make those rewritten games? like club penguin and toon town. how do they get access to the files and stuff?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do people make those rewritten games? like club penguin and toon town. how do they get access to the files and stuff?

Data scraping If you are accessing the game, you are usually processing almost all of the data on your computer - it's faster and cheaper for the companies to do it that way. You can just scrape that data. Sometimes the data is in unique formats but once yiu understand the structure you can usually scrape anything client-side and remake anything missing yourself


Question: When heating water at 50 degrees Celsius, why is there water evaporating when the boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When heating water at 50 degrees Celsius, why is there water evaporating when the boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius?

Temperature is a measure of the *average* kinetic energy of the particles of the water. When water is at 50˚C, the *average* molecule doesn't have enough energy to float away, but that doesn't mean that no individual moecule does. There will always be some randomly energetic molecules, which may escape the liquid. The higher the temperature of the water, the more of these randomly energetic molecules there will be, and the faster the water will evaporate.


Question: What is a "resort fee" and who decides their price?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a "resort fee" and who decides their price?

To my understanding, a resort fee is a flat rate charge which covers access to the extra ammenities a hotel may offer. Rather than charging for individual services such as the pool, spa, massage, or whatever else (I don't know what those would be because I usually just go to a hotel only to sleep) or other extras they can all be had at a flat rate. It seems to be legal only in the USA and Canada and explicitly illegal in most other places. My issue is that its a semi-hidden cost when you look for a room on an online site like Expedia. To my knowledge there's no way to opt out of the resort fee (and thus resort services) so why not just include it in the advertised price? As for who determines the price, the hotel itself does. they can vary from 20 to way over 100.


Question: How did they achieve realistic movie CGI in the 1990s when computers back then were primarily 486/Pentium based and 3D acceleration came later?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did they achieve realistic movie CGI in the 1990s when computers back then were primarily 486/Pentium based and 3D acceleration came later?

Jurassic park, specifically, used practical effects rather than just CGI. Those dinosaurs were either puppets, animatronics, or dudes in costumes.


Question: Different interpretations of probability ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Different interpretations of probability ?

Frequentists view probability as ratio of some machine of sorts. Throwing a dice for example is seen as a machine which 1/6th of the time gives 2. You can know this ratio by doing repeated tests on it and checking how the results turn out. Which makes sense. But this way of thinking sort of collapses when you're asked to make probability estimates of things that only happen once. Like, lets say olympics. Each competitor is currently in unique place in their own career, some are completely new faces. You can't just repeat these same olympics over and over the get frequencies of each competitors successes. So in a way, the whole frequentist way of thinking collapses and you simply can't make statements like "this guy probably wins". Which is where Bayesian way of thinking pops up. It treats probability not as some ratio of an abstract machine you need to study, but rather as your degree of certainty that some event happens. If you believe, for whatever reason, that some event is likely, bayesian system enables you to measure exactly how strong this belief is, and how it should change as you receive new information. The outline I'm familiar with is that bayesian interpretation of probability is mainly used in cognitive psychology and AI research because it provides guidelines to how one should react to new information. All other times there is little harm in treating probability as a ratio of some weird machine you may or may not understand.


Question: how does toxic shock syndrome work and why does it become deadly so rapidly? My

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does toxic shock syndrome work and why does it become deadly so rapidly? My

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rather rare diagnosis. Let's go into what it is and why it is so dangerous. TSS is essentially an over-stimulation of your body's immune response. It is caused primarily by 2 bacteria (you don't need to know them but they are staph aureus and group a strep). These are actually extremely common bacteria; any time you have a pimple or skin infection it is almost always these two bacteria that cause it. But.... you've probably never had TSS even though you've been infected by these bacteria. Why is that? Well, you only develop TSS if the specific bacteria that is infecting you has what is called a super-antigen. This is a protein in the bacteria that activates an absolutely MASSIVE amount of immune cells in your body. These immune cells are ready to fight and so they begin wreaking havoc all over your body destroying it from the inside. Most bacteria don't have this super-antigen. The interesting thing is it's actually very very likely you've been infected by a bacteria with a super-antigen before (probably one of those pimples you've had some time in your life). So why didn't you develop TSS? You didn't develop it because the bacteria didn't have access to your bloodstream. Once the bacteria are in your bloodstream, they can go anywhere and are in direct contact with many of your immune cells. In a pimple, the infection is walled off. This is exactly why tampons are bad. The inside of the vagina and uterus have a very very very rich blood supply (which makes sense because your uterine lining must be recreated every month). This means the bacteria have a rather easy time gaining access to your bloodstream. If a tampon is kept in long, they will grow bacteria on them, and the bacteria will keep multiplying. This means if you don't remove the tampon, you have essentially a factory in your vagina pumping out bacteria (this is why there is such a high risk). It kills you in such a short period because of a few reasons. 1 is that as mentioned above, you have a factory churning out bacteria into your blood. 2 is that the infection is in your bloodstream meaning it can go anywhere in your body most notably your organs (liver, kidneys, lungs, heart). 3 is that you have hyper-activation of your immune system which destroys your body from the inside. It's a scary thing to see. Very very high death rate if you develop TSS. Depending on which bacteria it is, the death rate can go as high as 50%. Don't worry though, if you have some sniffles and a fever you probably don't have TSS.


Question: Why did the US experience a Winter Storm/ Cold Snap thing? What is it and why does it happen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did the US experience a Winter Storm/ Cold Snap thing? What is it and why does it happen?

The polar vortex is a circular upper-air weather around the North Pole. It's a natural pattern that tends to keep the coldest air bottled up near the North Pole. Sometimes the vortex can break off or move south, bringing extremely cold weather down into the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Climate change destabilize that polar vortex, which allows more chances for frigid Arctic air to spread south. So while the vortex is a natural phenomenon, and polar vortex breakdowns happen naturally, there is also an element of climate change at work. Like you can get a one on a natural die throw, but climate change is loading the dice in your disfavor.


Question: Why does coffee smell so much different than it tastes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does coffee smell so much different than it tastes?

It’s because our sense of smell and our sense of taste are both a part of our sense of flavour but they are seperate senses. Our noses can detect over 50,000 different chemicals. Hot coffee releases loads of delicious smelling chemicals that our nose detects as “sweet” and “rich”. Things like vanilla and flowers and chocolates are all common aromas given off by brewed coffee. Unlike our noses, our tongues only detect, sweet, sour, bitter, salty and Umami. The chemicals that produce the tastes of bitter and sour are not released into the air. They are trapped in the liquid. So when we drink coffee, suddenly we are hit with bitterness and sourness where once all we could detect was sweet. This is a part of how humans taste food because of how our noses and mouths are shaped. Next time you drink coffee, after you swallow, close your mouth and breath out through your nose. You’ll find a pleasantly familiar aroma.


Question: How does cannabis causes people to become paranoid?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does cannabis causes people to become paranoid?


Question: When TV's had no display and were a static screen (black and white dots), what causes the static sound?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When TV's had no display and were a static screen (black and white dots), what causes the static sound?

Are you asking specifically about the sound? The sound and the pattern are two sides of the same coin. Normally, a TV would be receiving a signal of information for picture and sound. When there's nothing connected or the signal isn't good, the TV picks up on random bits of electromagnetic noise, like stray waves from a microwave, or something with magnets moving. About 1% of this stray noise is actually the remnants of the Big Bang. The TV does it's best to interpret this 'signal' and make a picture and the appropriate sound. But the signal is rubbish. Instead of being a clear patterns of 1s and 0s that make, say, a face and the sound of someone talking, they are totally random. So, you get splodges of light and dark, and a hiss known as white noise. This is the auditory equivalent of the 'snow' you see on the screen. Crucially, when the TV is properly tuned to a source, that noise (both visual and auditory) is still there. It's just that the real signal is so much stronger that it gets drowned out.


Question: How is the "Trickle down" system different from the basic pyramid scheme?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the "Trickle down" system different from the basic pyramid scheme?

Pyramid schemes are "trickle up" schemes. Money flows from the bottom to the top, so as long as you can keep adding more people below you, you'll make money. The reason we call them schemes is that they usually imply that you can make money other ways, but in reality the money is to be found almost entirely in getting people to join the scheme. Trickle down -- assuming you are referring to the economic policy idea -- is the belief that reducing the tax/regulatory burdens on people who make a lot of money will help people below them in the system. Money flows downward, because the billionaire takes his tax break, spends some of it to hire more workers, who spend some of that to buy more goods and services, which means money goes to the workers that provide them, and so on. Many people don't believe that trickle down is correct (in the sense that there's no special advantage to tax breaks for the rich as opposed to tax breaks for the middle class, and maybe even a disadvantage) but it's not really like a pyramid scheme.


Question: If we know that Life can exist in extreme situations in various forms and we know that universe can support insane probabilities to exist - Why exactly we still look for "habitable zone" in star systems to search life ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If we know that Life can exist in extreme situations in various forms and we know that universe can support insane probabilities to exist - Why exactly we still look for "habitable zone" in star systems to search life ?

Not because no other life could exist. But because this is one combination we *know* supports life, so the probabilities based on our limited knowledge are higher.


Question: Why do some brands of cocoa powder dissolve readily in even cold milk/water, whereas others require a hot solvent to dissolve in a reasonable time frame?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some brands of cocoa powder dissolve readily in even cold milk/water, whereas others require a hot solvent to dissolve in a reasonable time frame?

Its to do with the fat content. Fat has the same sort of relationship with water as oil does and is much more inclined to float on it than mix with it, which is why they tend to clump together and avoid the water and no matter how much you stir they seem to avoid the spoon. The way around it is a process called wetting, where you *start* with the powder and add a small amount of liquid and stir it into a paste first, and build it up like that, a bit of water at a time. A paste is thick, and doesn't give the fat particles chance to get out the way, and it all mixes a lot more smoothly as a result. Dump a load of dry powder into a mug of water and you'll be stirring it all day.


Question: Why would you lose your night vision if you took flash photography in a planetarium?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why would you lose your night vision if you took flash photography in a planetarium?

Your eyes adjust to the brightest source of light in the room. When you take a picture, the flash is the brightest source, and so your eyes try to adjust. The rest of the planetarium is not bright, so your newly adjusted eyes can't see very well until they adjust yet again.


Question: What is the engineering and science involved in making the weather forecasts accurately ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the engineering and science involved in making the weather forecasts accurately ?

Modern forecasts are generated using computer simulations. Several times a day supercomputers operated by a variety of countries will ingest data about current conditions around the world. The data comes from satellites, radars, weather balloons, ground monitoring stations, and various other sources. The supercomputers will then run models to simulate what is likely to happen several days into the future. Different models are going to produce different results, so the job of the meteorologist is to use their training and local knowledge to consolidate the different model outputs into a single cohesive forecast. For example, a meteorologist might know that a particular model tends to overestimate rainfall in a certain area or perform worse in certain conditions, and correct the forecast accordingly. The science and engineering that goes into improving forecasts tend to fall into one of several categories. You can try to improve the programming behind the models, which are based on our understanding of how weather systems work. You can build faster supercomputers so that you can run the models at higher resolution. And finally, you can improve the quality and quantity of data going into the models, by launching better satellites and installing more ground equipment. There are lots of people who work on all three areas.


Question: Why don’t you wake up extremely hungry after not eating so long?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why don’t you wake up extremely hungry after not eating so long?


Question: Why does the stomach react a split second before you gag? Why not gag then react?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the stomach react a split second before you gag? Why not gag then react?

Something to keep in mind during this answer is that you are basically a tube. You have an uninterrupted hole that runs from mouth to anus, guarded by several sphincters which act like gates. This is very important. A gag is designed to get something out of your throat. Something that’s stuck between mouth and stomach. You do also have a very fast gag reflex in the back of your throat that can prevent things from going down your throat in the first place. Your stomach has one of those “gates” and so you can start and stop a variety of functions there if you have to. When you need to gag, a split-second decision is made - do you vomit or gag? That is the feeling you are sensing in your stomach. That special gate at the top of your stomach (the pyloric sphincter) clenches shut to keep your stomach contents safely inside your stomach, and you begin to gag. If you need to, you will then vomit.


Question: How does carbon dating work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does carbon dating work?

So most things have Carbon-14 in it. This is a form of carbon that is radioactive, and will decay over time. However, the time it takes for half of it to decay is very long. Because of this, we can measure the activity (measured in counts of radioactivity per minute, or Becquerels) and figure this out as a proportion to its half life. So if it has a half life of say, 10000 years and its activity is at 75%, we can tell it was from 5000 years ago as it is halfway through its first half life.


Question: Why are music reaction videos monetizable on platforms like YouTube but not cover songs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are music reaction videos monetizable on platforms like YouTube but not cover songs?

Basically because reaction videos fall under fair use, which encompasses satire or educational purposes. A song cover can actually also be monetized, depending on how the property owner has set their preferences. In general, if your cover uses the original track in any way, the IP owner can chose to block, restrict, or redirect revenue generated by the video.


Question: Why and how do those thin cracks on the freeway concrete that run parallel to the dots and lines make my car swerve when my tire moves past or is running on top of it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why and how do those thin cracks on the freeway concrete that run parallel to the dots and lines make my car swerve when my tire moves past or is running on top of it?

Your tire is made of rubber and inflated with air. If part of the tire has air beneath it while the rest is pressed against the road by the entire weight of your car, that part above air will swell out, making the radius of the wheel bigger at that point. Bigger radius means that part of the wheel's surface moves faster, which means that if it touches the side or bottom of the crack it'll push the side of the wheel it's on forward. This is a tiny difference, of course, relatively speaking... but when you have a ton or two of metal going at a hundred kilometres an hour, it doesn't take much of a difference to feel it.


Question: In the US, when a product is specified as freshly cooked or freshly baked, what does that mean and what is the lowest standard to classify as "fresh"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In the US, when a product is specified as freshly cooked or freshly baked, what does that mean and what is the lowest standard to classify as "fresh"?

In the case of juice in the US, for it to have the fresh label it cannot have been pasteurized per the FDA. So almost all juice you buy in the store is not fresh and seldom will you see it on the label. Regarding cooked foods I don't know if there is a legal requirement for that or not.


Question: Why is Tiangong-1 falling from space?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Tiangong-1 falling from space?

Low-altitude space stations like this are not *quite* outside the atmosphere. So the tiny bit of atmosphere at their huge altitude drags on them, slowing them down, which eventually make them fall.


Question: Why are the elements that make up water flammable on their own, but put out fires when combined?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are the elements that make up water flammable on their own, but put out fires when combined?

Chemical properties and Electrons. By themselves, Oxygen and Hydrogen are pretty reactive. They combine to form water because chemically it allows them to become more stable. And now that they are stable they are less reactive to things like heat. If you take water and split it into its two atoms again, they become reactive again, and can ignite. In the same manner that Carbon and Oxygen are pretty reactive, but combined as Carbon Dioxide, they become unreactive and can be used to put out fire.


Question: What’s our best explanation for what consciousness is?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s our best explanation for what consciousness is?

Right now, science doesn't have any explanation backed up by much factual evidence, but I recall a lecture/talk I watched a few weeks ago that made a lot of sense to me. They hypothesized that it is a controlled hallucination that allows us to organize the environmental inputs and predictive outputs of our brain. It is your brain building patterns out of the inputs around you into a cohesive narrative, increasing your chance to react appropriately to your environment. They argued self awareness was almost a side-effect - that in humans we hallucinate strongly enough we see the patterns in ourselves that tell us we're doing it and interpret that as our sense of self. Once again though, that is a hypothesis with very minimal backing in science at this point, but interesting nonetheless. Edit: Found the talk: [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 )


Question: How does Honey stay edible even after thousands of years?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Honey stay edible even after thousands of years?

URL_0 TL;DR: Honey is severly lacking in moisture. this inhibits microbial growth as there is no water for microbes to survive in. granulated sugar has the same advantage as well. There is also some enzymes put in by bees that inhibits microbes from spoiling it as well. It will readily absorb moisture, so storing in in an airtight vessel is necessary to keep it good for a long time.


Question: The difference between crack, cocaine, and crack cocaine?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 The difference between crack, cocaine, and crack cocaine?

Crack and cocaine are the same thing in terms of active ingredient. The difference is that crack is the free base form and the powder cocaine is cocaine hydrochloride. The hydrochloride keeps the cocaine molecule more stable (many medicines are in hydrochloride form, for instance pseudoephedrine hydrochloride also known as Sudafed) but also stops the cocaine from being smoked due to the much higher melting point of cocaine hydrochloride. Powdered cocaine hydrochloride can be converted to crack if you have a base to react the acid salt with. In most cases it's baking soda which neutralizes the hydrochloride. Have you ever seen a movie scene with someone putting cocaine and baking soda on to a spoon and having the lighter underneath? That's converting cocaine hydrochloride to free base cocaine (crack). Then it can be vaporized and inhaled (smoked) for a much faster and sharper high than cocaine hydrochloride. N.B. I'm not a drug user, just have an interest in chemistry. Someone with practical experience may correct me on some of the minutiae.


Question: Why does hitting something light (like a balloon) with minimal force sometimes go the same distance as hitting it with full force?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does hitting something light (like a balloon) with minimal force sometimes go the same distance as hitting it with full force?

I think it has to do with the susceptibility to resistance. A balloon is not very aerodynamic and thus will not travel far with any amount of blunt force.


Question: What does over/under mean in terms of gambling, and is there a trick to understanding/calculating odds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does over/under mean in terms of gambling, and is there a trick to understanding/calculating odds?

An over-under bet is one where you bet whether a statistic in a game will be "over" or "under" a given statistic. For example, if the "over-under" number is, say, 4 goals for a soccer game, you bet if the total number of goals scored is over or under 4. When it comes to calculating odds, it depends. I can probably explain the math if you give an exact scenario though.


Question: why are videos recorded in 720, 1080 or 4k and not in megapixels?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are videos recorded in 720, 1080 or 4k and not in megapixels?

One megapixel is 1 million pixels. 1080p has just over 2 million pixels per frame. 4k has about 9 million pixels per frame. So when you say 1080p, you could also say 2.07MP


Question: What does the phrase 'cease to exist' actually mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does the phrase 'cease to exist' actually mean?

It ... means, unfortunately, that your teacher isn't quite clear on how ultra-low temperatures work. Nothing about being at 0K would destroy, collapse, or disintegrate atoms; it wouldn't cause electrons to "stop orbiting and fall into the nucleus", in particular. The electrons would be guaranteed to be in their lowest possible orbitals or energy states, sure. But if you have say, an iron atom, with its 26 electrons, that'd still be two electrons in the lowest, 1s, orbital, 2 in the 2s and 6 in the 2p, 2 in the 3s and 6 in the 3p, 2 in the 4s, and the last 6 in the 3d (which is higher-energy than the 4s orbital). The electrons aren't allowed - Pauli Exclusion Principle - to all collapse into the lowest orbitals. The iron would be thermally vibrating as little as possible, but would still have an irreducible bit of what's called "zero-point energy". (Which happens to be enough to keep helium liquid there, though every other element and compound is a solid.) But 0K is, yes, theoretically unachievable. We can get VERY close... but by the time you get there, each halving of the remaining temperature takes as much effort as the halving before it did, so you'll never quite reach true zero. But we can get close enough for, as far as we can tell, all practical purposes. --Dave, my fingers are cold just typing this


Question: Why is the color blue so hard to recreate compared to other?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the color blue so hard to recreate compared to other?

Well, there are two answers here. Blue dyes are hard to make because the color blue doesn't naturally occur basically at all. This is likely because it wasn't beneficial for things to look blue in nature. The only occurrences of truly blue things occurring in nature are because of light striking a surface a particular way, like how the wings of a butterfly are actually colorless but their shape basically only reflects the color blue. This picture shows the weird shape that butterfly wings have that makes this possible. This is maybe a little too complex to eli5, but it's pretty! URL_0 As for why it took so long to make blue lights, the answer is completely different. What you are talking about are LEDs. Really, we could just take any old light and put blue dye on the bulb and it would look blue. But scientists took until well into the 80s and eventually some time in the 90s to make a blue LED. The reason is because, again, the materials that make this possible are rare. Let's talk about how an LED works and why it emits light. Everything is made of atoms. Atoms have electrons that they like to keep hold of. But, when you have a lot of atoms in a solid block (like in an LED), they sometimes can lose electrons and these electrons just kind of float from atom to atom, doing their own thing. It takes energy to make an atom "forget" about that electron. This why you need to plug LEDs in to an outlet for power! Now, eventually that electron will find a place to settle down and let an atom take it. When it does this, the electron will lose that energy that it gained. The amount it loses depends on the material the electron is in. It just so happens that energy and light are related so when the electron loses that energy, it actually releases light. So, the amount of energy that electron loses determines the color of light it sends out! The problem for scientists was that materials with the correct energy to do this were very few and far between as nature just doesn't really seem to like the color blue, *at all*. For a while it seemed impossible. In fact, we basically had to make our own material to do this called Gallium Nitride. It was a massive breakthrough at the time. Red and green LEDs on the other hand were found almost immediately because it just so happens that silicon (one of the most abundant materials on earth, also happens to be a type of material called a semiconductor which makes all of this possible in the firstplace), gallium arsenide, abd another special material indium gallium arsenide (both being studied heavily in the 50s and 60s for their really awesome properties, also semiconductors) have energies that correspond really well to red and green. So they were basically discovered and manufactured immediately. EDIT: added why red and green were so "easy"


Question: Why is it that if a person eats something that they absolutely love too many times in a short period of time it begins to not taste good anymore?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that if a person eats something that they absolutely love too many times in a short period of time it begins to not taste good anymore?

Quote, "When you eat food, the receptors on your tongue send signals to your cerebral cortex, where different tastes are processed. From there, the taste activates the brain’s reward system, a network of chemical pathways, that produces dopamine. Dopamine levels spike when you eat a meal, but when you eat that meal over and over again, dopamine spikes gradually decrease until it levels out." URL_0


Question: How does healing bleeding work inside the mouth (wet environment) compared to the bleeding of the skin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does healing bleeding work inside the mouth (wet environment) compared to the bleeding of the skin?

It acts the same way. Your Blood vessel lining contains special enzymes which, when in contact with your blood starts what we call primary hemostasis, which activates the platelets to connect and block the biggest amount of blood from escaping before the nearby Proteins and enzymes nearby are activated to form a fibrin-net and can completely block the wound opening (secondary hemostasis) Just because its wet, doesnt interfere with the clotting as is doesnt require oxygen to work or "dry out" or something EDIT: corrected primary and secondary hemostasis thanks to u/creativename1998


Question: Why does sped up audio sound higher pitched and slowed ones sound deeper?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does sped up audio sound higher pitched and slowed ones sound deeper?

Copy/pasting my answer from elsewhere: > Every wave has a characteristic called its frequency, which represents how many peaks pass an arbitrary point in one second. If you play a sound faster, you're increasing the frequency. This increased frequency is the reason we hear it as higher-pitched. The same is true for a slowed-down sound. > Incidentally, this is the same reason your voice sounds squeaky if you inhale helium -- sound travels faster in helium than in regular atmosphere. Faster sound means higher frequency means higher perceived pitch.


Question: What exactly is light pollution?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is light pollution?

It's pretty difficult to control where light goes, unless you're using lasers. It reflects of surfaces or bleeds out in unintended directions. Cities are heavily lit up at night since we largely operate as a 24-hour society these days. There's street lights, security lamps, parking lot lights, businesses that are open around the clock, etc. That light that leaks out gets scattered by the atmosphere (Rayleigh scattering), creating that characteristic orange-white haze around cities at night. It's worse in certain weather conditions like low clouds and snow storms. Light pollution is not only ugly, it can mess with nocturnal animals. Especially birds and insects. It can also disrupt human sleep cycles, and makes astronomy difficult.


Question: Why can we make calorie free drinks, but not calorie free food?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can we make calorie free drinks, but not calorie free food?

calorie free drinks are not always calorie free, they are legally allowed to round down if the values are low enough. however, this is also in part due to the fact that drinks are made of water, which has no calories, and flavoring which has few enough calories to "not count" food on the other hand is made of various cell structures which inherently have caloric value. Edit: removed incorrect info


Question: Why does the integral of a function give you the area under it’s curve?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the integral of a function give you the area under it’s curve?

Because thats what it's defined for. A (Riemann) integral is basically slicing the curve (and the area under it) into infinitely thin rectangles and summing them up. It's the opposite of a derivative, and in general you can find that summing up the rate of change gives you the original function again. Summing up all acceleration over time gives the speed. Summing up all water inflow over time gives the level of a tank.


Question: Why does lightning striking the ground affect people in a pool or body of water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does lightning striking the ground affect people in a pool or body of water?

When lighting strikes, it's not really "completing the circuit" in the same way as a light switch. It's more like dumping a massive amount of charge from where it was previously taken. In a simple picture, each rain drop carries a small amount of charge from the cloud to the ground. This happens for billions of rain drops over a wide area. Eventually, the charge difference between the cloud and the ground is enough to cause a spark - lightning - that brings it back towards even. But remember that the rain falls over a large area, whereas the lightning strikes a single point. Imagine collecting rain on a large sheet, and storing it in a bucket. When the bucket's full, you pour it on the ground. Then your feet are wetter than if you'd just been standing in the rain. The charge from the lightning strike needs to spread out and dissipate. If the ground's sodden, it'll go through the top layers of surface, shocking things as it goes. I was aware of this happening - [here's a single strike that killed 323 deer]( URL_0 ) - but didn't know it could reach so far! Scary stuff!


Question: why does every car have remote central locking but homes do not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does every car have remote central locking but homes do not?

You can get remote locking door locks for your home. But in general they are harder to get power to. Most exterior facing home doors are solid and hard to fish power wires to. The "wifi" and digital combo locks you see are all battery powered so you need to remember to change those batteries. I used to live at a place with a fancy electric lock but I never used it since it was always out of power and I didn't feel like it was worth it to change the battery. On the other side car doors have tons of holes to fish wires through. The battery recharges every time you drive it so you don't have to worry about power. It is smaller so less wires to run around. In addition wanting to unlock all doors at once is nice.


Question: What causes that sudden sinking, heavy, hot flush feeling when you become anxious and how are the effects felt so rapidly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes that sudden sinking, heavy, hot flush feeling when you become anxious and how are the effects felt so rapidly?

I have that exact same « hot flush » feeling when I get anxious so I know what you mean and the best answer I found was on URL_0 . I copied-pasted the interesting part : « Body heat rises as a result of what's known as vasoconstriction. With a functioning fight/flight system, your body needs to be able to prioritize blood flow during times of danger. Your blood may rush to your heart, to gut, or to anywhere that needs it in order to help you feel or fight quickly.When your blood vessels are constricted, your body heats up. So when you suffer from anxiety and your body is naturally on edge as though you're facing danger, and ultimately you experience the same body temperature increase as you would if you were experiencing a dangerous situation. » Hope it helps !


Question: Why phone charger cables (white/light colored ones) turn yellow/brownish after some time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why phone charger cables (white/light colored ones) turn yellow/brownish after some time?

A lot of plastics and rubbers have bromine elements added to them making the plastic fire resistant. But when exposed to light, especially UV light, over longer periods of time there is a chemical reaction taking place turning these bromine elements yellow. The process is reversable. By oxidizing these elements the plastic will turn back to its original color. The most common way to do this is with hydrogen peroxide which is also used in a similar way to remove hair color turning the hair blond or white.


Question: why .ini (or other config) files exist if they are just plain text?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why .ini (or other config) files exist if they are just plain text?

Convention. You can rename config.ini to cheeseburger.avi, as long as the content structure remains the same and the program looks for that file name, it will work. However, in IT culture this is considered a dick move, so people simply don't do it.


Question: Why are you never supposed to speak ill of the dead?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are you never supposed to speak ill of the dead?

In cultures that belive in ancestor worship, speaking bad of them makes them come back and haunt you. In intercessionist cultures the dead speak to god/s on your behalf, if you piss them off they won't help you. In modern culture it is rude to talk badly of someone behind thier back, or when they can't defend themselves.


Question: What's the difference between a CPU with integrated graphics and an APU?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between a CPU with integrated graphics and an APU?

A 'CPU with integrated graphics' is a technical description. "APU" is a brand name from AMD, like how "Retina" is a brand name from Apple describing a high DPI screen.


Question: How do OLED displays differentiate between a dim white and gray?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do OLED displays differentiate between a dim white and gray?

Dim white is grey. You see it as grey if it is surrounded by white, and white if it is surrounded by darker grey (or 'black'.)


Question: Why is out-of-state tuition significantly higher than in-state tuition for most universities?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is out-of-state tuition significantly higher than in-state tuition for most universities?

This is because in-state residents have been paying taxes toward the public universities as long as they've resided in the state, while out of state students have not. Also, the university is viewed as a service provided to the state's residents and those who aren't state residents help defray the costs to locals... sort of like how museums might charge less for city/state residents than visitors, or how states are most likely to place toll roads where out of state drivers use highways most frequently.


Question: When exhaling underwater, why do multiple bubbles come out and not a big one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When exhaling underwater, why do multiple bubbles come out and not a big one?

Because the air that you exhale starts rising up to the surface right away, and doesn't wait for you to "inflate" the bubble to make it bigger. If you could swim upwards as fast as the air bubbles, you could theoretically inflate a big bubble like a balloon, while it rises up to the surface.


Question: How does voting in US general elections work? Can I vote for anyone or are my only choices candidates who won the primary elections?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does voting in US general elections work? Can I vote for anyone or are my only choices candidates who won the primary elections?

You can vote for anyone you like. You’ll see the republican and democratic candidates on the ballot but that by no means is to suggest those are your only two options. You can write in whoever you like.


Question: How did student debt become as big as it is? Can America fix this issue?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did student debt become as big as it is? Can America fix this issue?

Student debt has become an issue because of how expensive the cost of a 'good' education has become. Most of that cost is not from the core education pieces (classrooms, professors, libraries) but from the accompanying costs of having a desirable campus (buildings, greenspace, administration, study abroad, fancy housing options, research labs, school ranking). The things driving students to pick a school are separate and far more expensive than their core education and employment prospects. Until it's socially acceptable for americans to just pay for the 'core' educational pieces and wages match the debt required to get that core education, student debt is going to be a problem. Side note: the other thing that could happen is that the student debt bubble bursts and it becomes clear that students can't pay it back. Unless the government removes the guarantees behind student debt, that won't actually fix the problem since people will still go to the same schools, borrow the same amount of money, and be stuck with the same kind of loans in the future.


Question: Why do poles reverse themselves and how disastrous would it be for living things?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do poles reverse themselves and how disastrous would it be for living things?

It is likely a product of the Earth's magnetic field being created from the movement of liquid metals in the core. Lots of simulations find reversals happen when you have a combination of fluid dynamics and electromagnetics. We don't know much about the effects on living things, as we have never seen one in written history. However, it is likely they take place over thousands of years, leaving little effect on individual organisms. In all, we don't know much, but you shouldn't be worried about it.


Question: Internet cookies and what happens if I don’t enable them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Internet cookies and what happens if I don’t enable them?

A cookie is a piece of data that a website can ask your browser to store. Whenever you visit any page in the website, your browser will automatically send this data back to the site. Cookies are used for storing information about you. For example the first time you enter a website it often generates a random cookie value known as a "session id" which can then be used by the website to remember who you are. On the other hand, cookies are also used for tracking purposes - if a website contains an ad, then the ad might inject a cookie that can be used to track you across multiple websites, so they know what sites you visited. Disabling cookies will hurt your experience in heavily used websites - they won't be able to store any info about you, so they won't be able to remember who you are and what your settings are. However if you're just visiting a website that one time, or you just use it for reading content statically, then cookies aren't that important.