Question: Why is it young children can have food all over their face and it doesn't seem to bother them in the slightest?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it young children can have food all over their face and it doesn't seem to bother them in the slightest?

Why should it? One of the main reason older children and adults dislike having food on our faces is embarrassment. We have learned we shouldn't have food on our faces, because society says so. So when we get food on our faces, we feel embarrassed because we aren't fitting in with the rules we've learned. Children haven't learned these 'rules' yet, so don't feel bound by them. It's basically the same reason children feel perfectly comfortable saying "Look at that [unusual feature] man there," whilst pointing, but their parents cringe.


Question: Why aren’t USB and HDMI cables designed to be inserted both ways?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why aren’t USB and HDMI cables designed to be inserted both ways?

It wasn't considered an issue when they were first designed. You weren't expected to be regularly plugging things in, you were expected to just set up your computer and leave it at that.


Question: How does Dungeons and Dragons work? I could never figure if out-

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Dungeons and Dragons work? I could never figure if out-

You and others sit around and tell a story. Usually, one is a DM and the others are players. The DM guides the players through the story, controlling characters the players are not controlling, including shopkeepers, bar maidens, and enemies such as goblins and dragons. As you are all telling the story, there are times you will roll dice to tell how well a character performs a particular task (such as trying to pick a lock or hit an enemy).


Question: What is the difference between being asleep and being under anesthesia?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between being asleep and being under anesthesia?

You know how when you sleep you have dreams and even if you don't have any dreams (or don't remember them), when you wake up you still have a sense of having been a sleep for the last X hours. Being under anesthesia isn't like that. It's like blinking. Every time I've had it (twilight or general), they give you some meds through your IV and then you wake up in the recovery room. There's no in between.


Question: Why are many tiny countries so rich?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are many tiny countries so rich?

Starting in the late 1800's and continuing through the present, Western European countries followed a theory of political legitimacy that prioritized legitimacy. That is, lets say its the year 1890 and you're the government of France. Sitting on your border is a city that is ruled by a prince. This city is ethnically and linguistically unique, and has been ruled by this prince's family for the past 500 years. Ideologically, your government would be considered "evil" if you tried to interfere with that prince's rule over his city, even if the prince himself was engaging in immoral acts. Small European countries took advantage of this ideological system to do just that - they engaged in acts that were profitable, but which larger countries viewed as being immoral enough to outlaw. For example, Monaco legalized gambling, prostitution, and drugs at a time when all 3 of those things were viewed as being horrendously evil by the rest of Europe. Switzerland literally advertised itself as having a banking system that was setup to aid the citizens of other European countries commit tax evasion and other financial crimes. They also advertised themselves as being a safe haven where Jews living under Nazi rule could store assets until WWII was over. Then when WWII ended they quite literally stole everything that those Jews had deposited with them. Which, again, they were quite open about. Oh, and they also served as a bank for the Nazi government, allowing the Nazi's to store large quantities of stolen goods gained during their conquest of Europe. Then when the Nazi regime fell Switzerland stole most of what the Nazi's had stored with them (except for what the Nazi's stole from France - they gave that stuff back). And they played that exact same game over and over again during the Cold War, though usually with money looted by dictators in the third world. The only thing that stopped Switzerland was that the US threatened to blacklist the entire country from the world's financial system in the late 1990's. And that only stopped them in regards to how they treat the US and US citizens, the government still semi-openly endorses its banking system being used to facilitate financial crimes that don't target the US. Lichtenstein served as Switzerland's accounting firm for all of the financial crimes that the country has and is committing. -------------------- In Asia small countries tend to be wealthy because the serve as a link between two big countries that otherwise can't interact. For example, Hong Kong is wealthy because the Chinese government won't let its banking system interact with the banking systems in the rest of the world. It will, however, allow a limited amount of interaction between its banking system and Hong Kong's. Hong Kong's banking system then interacts with the rest of the world's banking system, allowing it to function as a sort of economic link between China and everyone else.


Question: Why do we feel warmer when moving our body?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we feel warmer when moving our body?

When you move your body, you're creating more heat. Plus, moving around gets your heart rate going, and that gives you more blood flow, which keeps you warm. If you've ever worked out really hard in cold weather, you'll notice steam starts to come off of you. That doesn't happen when you're sitting still.


Question: If it’s so easy and cheap to get juice from a watermelon, why is it so rare to see in stores?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If it’s so easy and cheap to get juice from a watermelon, why is it so rare to see in stores?

Watermelon juice is really common to see in stores. They store it in big green containers that preserve the juice really well. Once you've extracted it from the natural container though, it oxidizes easily, is more expensive to store, and has less flavor/sugar than common juices. So there's no economic benefit to storing it outside its original packaging.


Question: Why can't the person that snores like a bear hear how loud they are and wake themselves up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't the person that snores like a bear hear how loud they are and wake themselves up?

They do. I've been kicked awake by my girlfriend for snoring, but then I stay awake as she falls back asleep, then she would begin to snore, startle herself, and then blame ME for snoring... when I'm still awake.


Question: How is thousand year old water drinkable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is thousand year old water drinkable?

Water that evaporated is still water. All the water on the earth is millions of years old.


Question: How do those random, but painful, muscle knots in your claf muscle happen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do those random, but painful, muscle knots in your claf muscle happen?

A Charlie horse or muscle cramp can be caused by a few different things, such as an imbalance of potassium or magnesium which are important for your muscle function. When the muscle fibers aren’t receiving the correct chemical signals to contract and relax, they can seize up temporarily and cause a painful cramp. This can happen due to dehydration or disorders that affect your electrolyte levels. Overuse or nerve damage can also cause them. Gentle stretching/walking it off and getting enough potassium and magnesium can help treat and prevent them from happening.


Question: During the 20 year patent period, does the pharmaceutical companies determine the price of the drug or is it regulated somehow?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 During the 20 year patent period, does the pharmaceutical companies determine the price of the drug or is it regulated somehow?

It's not regulated. It's basically whatever the company thinks they can get while the patent is in force. I was reading an article about a cholesterol drug. They were making over $1 billion per year from the drug before the patent expired. That dropped to under $10 million per year after generics became available. As an aside, that's one reason why the health market is so broken. The people who make a cholesterol don't have to price it based on what the market can bear because the customers don't pay for it--the insurance company does.


Question: Why is it bad to workout when you're sick? What does your body do in reaction to make it so detrimental?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it bad to workout when you're sick? What does your body do in reaction to make it so detrimental?

When you are sick your body is in an inflammatory state and is working hard to heal your body. Exercise also creates inflammation which is a good thing, that's how your body adapts to make you faster, stronger and fitter but it can also add to the already inflammatory state you are in. Also a hard work-out can redirect energy and nutrients away from healing to help recover from the exercise. Some gentle exercise is ok if you are sick but I would say go easy on the harder workouts


Question: Why do so many password requirements specifically forbid spaces?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do so many password requirements specifically forbid spaces?

Because they have always had that requirement. Many years ago, passwords were stored as plain text in a database, or sometimes in a text file. When the computer read the password back from storage to compare it against the one it just got from a logging in user, a space in the password could be interpreted as the end of the password. This caused issues when comparing the passed password to the stored one. Issues could also be caused by certain special characters ( like ‘ and $) being used, that also meant something to the computer program, causing confusion and errors. So many times some special characters were not allowed either. Also, many programs had a tight limit on their storage space, so password length was also restricted. Since then, standards have changed, passwords normally aren’t stored directly anymore (T-Mobile????) Instead, a password is fed into a complex math problem and the result is stored. This means that most of the limitations that were imposed by the previous issues no longer apply. Unfortunately, the past rules are still used, even though they’re not needed, because they worked before and people are used to them.


Question: Can someone explain an Existential Forgery Attack against RSA Digital Signature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can someone explain an Existential Forgery Attack against RSA Digital Signature?

The attack is just a means of producing something with a technically valid signature. However what that "something" is, well, it is essentially garbage most of the time because you're forcibly constructing something with a valid signature out of parts with valid signatures. What you get in the end will be effectively random. In most cases it would be a case of "Look, he signed this document!" "This looks like something produced by an infant who'd never seen a crayon before." "Yes, but he signed it, and I can prove it mathematically!" The math is fairly simple. RSA signatures are essentially done by raising a number to an exponent. EncryptedText = OriginalMessage^e (modulo N) and the decryption process is OriginalMessage = EncryptedText^(d) (modulo N). For signing you just swap e and d, and replace EncryptedText with SignatureOfMessage. e is the public exponent and d is the private exponent in both situations. Now modulo arithmetic can often be treated as simple integer arithmetic and then apply the modulo at the end rather than at each step in a long calculation. I can do all the math without considering of the modulo and then fix it at the end. So I can really just abuse the usual rules of multiplication and exponents to build a technically valid signature by combining 2 (or more) other known signatures. SignatureOfMessage1 = Message1^(d) and SignatureOfMessage2 = Message2^(d). Not knowing what d is but having the originals and signatures of any old messages, I can still combine these into a valid combination, SignatureOfMessage1 * SignatureOfMessage2 = Message1^d * Message2^d = (Message1 * Message2)^d = A valid signature for message Message1*Message2 (modulo N) In most situations this isn't very useful, but you have technically constructed a new message and its valid signature without breaking the private key.


Question: why can't psychologists talk about public figures?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why can't psychologists talk about public figures?

I think that professionals are to avoid the appearance of giving a professional opinion about someone they haven’t evaluated professionally.


Question: How do ice hotels exist?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do ice hotels exist?

First, for why ice hotels exist, theyre and interesting and rare experience so people go to them just to experience the ice hotel itself, not because they expect a nice comfortable stay while traveling for work. Its the same reason hotels with water parks exists, it is an entertainment destination. Second, yes, touching the ice for a long time would hurt your hand and lead to frostbite. The inside if ice hotels are usually kept around -5 C or min 20s F, so the ice never melts from the air temperature, and your body would lose all its heat before it significantly melts the ice. Third, while the structure of the bed itself, like the bed frame, is made out of ice, you do not sleep directly on the ice itself. Between you and the Ice is typically a mattress of some kind if not at minimum a waterproof covering. Also Ice hotels aren't a year round thing, typically they melt in the spring and start to get reconstructed in the fall, also, ice hotels aren't typically ALL ice. Most have heated attractions as well as the ice attractions. There may be both an ice bar and a heated bar, there are the ice rooms and normal heated bedrooms, ice sculpture attractions as well as things like hot tubs and saunas. this varies from location to location, some are purely ice that aren't open year round, others are more like ICE Additions added to the normal hotel during the colder months.


Question: When the US government borrows money to give out as stimulus/relief, Where does it come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When the US government borrows money to give out as stimulus/relief, Where does it come from?

Investors bid for the opportunity to loan the US government money. In a recent auction the winning (low) bid was 0.4% per year. We pay the interest with tax money, so these low rates make money easy to repay.


Question: Why does the government and the central bank have to be different entities? What different agendas do they pursue?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the government and the central bank have to be different entities? What different agendas do they pursue?

Central banks are concerned with long-term economic stability and growth. They're supposed to be entirely focused on that long-term objective. If a banker at the Federal Reserve can enact policies that improve the economy over 20 years, they've done a good job. Government is often run by people who may have long-term goals, but very often have huge incentives for short-term gains even at the expense of long-term stability. If a politician can manipulate the markets to make it look like they're producing huge amounts of growth within a 2-, 4-, or 6-year span, they look like they've done a good job and might get re-elected. However, that same plan may destabilize the economy long-term, leading to big losses. Who cares as long as they got re-elected last term, right? If government controlled the central bank more strictly, who knows what the agenda of either would be, who stands to gain from which policy, are the policies actually helpful to the economy or are they helpful to a certain politician's constituents, etc.? Having separate entities with separate goals makes it a bit easier to trust that each seeks to accomplish different things for different reasons, and the *argument* between them is what usually produces sound policy on both sides when they can reach an agreement on something.


Question: How does supply-side economics work *when it is considered successful compared to alternatives*?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does supply-side economics work *when it is considered successful compared to alternatives*?

It doesn't work and has never worked, unless by worked you mean it dramatically redistributes wealth away from the working and middle class and concentrates it in the hands of the richest people.


Question: Since only the US has a trade embargo against Cuba, why are there such shortages in Cuba?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Since only the US has a trade embargo against Cuba, why are there such shortages in Cuba?

Cuba isn’t special in a material or geographic way. The reason it faced such difficult times was the collapse of the Soviet Union (the embargo by the U.S. is rather porous). When the USSR began to collapse, the Caribbean Island lost its access to financing and trade in oil and agriculture and other consumer goods. The U.S. embargo doesn’t help, but the reason the island isn’t like the Dominican Republic is because of Russian largesse that allowed it to specialize in exporting medicine and soldiers abroad.


Question: - Why do phones not require cooling vents but other small appliances do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why do phones not require cooling vents but other small appliances do?

Phones lack a cooling system because there's no room for that. It takes up way too much space for a pocket-size device. If that wasn't an issue, phones would've had vents. Besides, phones don't work as hard as other computers do. They are weaker, so they produce less heat. Still, they can get hot sometimes, especially during charging, and there is nothing we can do about it. Phones cool by radiating heat away and through conduction - passing heat into the surrounding air/skin.


Question: Why do chips and other items go stale when exposed to air, and why does it change the taste/consistency?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do chips and other items go stale when exposed to air, and why does it change the taste/consistency?

The oil temperature during frying is higher than the boiling point of water. When you fry things, the bubbles that come out of the food is the water turning to steam and bubbling out. The fried food is effectively dried out which is why it is often crunchy. That dried food sealed in an airtight bag remains dry. When exposed to normal moisture in the air, the fried food absorbs the moisture because it is very dry and loses it's crunch. This is why fried food becomes stale if left out for too long.


Question: Why do bubbles appear from specific points around the side of the glass when it has a fizzy drink poured into it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do bubbles appear from specific points around the side of the glass when it has a fizzy drink poured into it?

Air bubbles need a surface to form on. Small specks of dust and imperfections in the surface of the glass provide this.


Question: - Can someone please explain the legality behind "fighting words" and how they're different from threatening someone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Can someone please explain the legality behind "fighting words" and how they're different from threatening someone?

It is typically not any more illegal to threaten someone than to exclaim “fighting words.” Both can simply incite violence from the person(s) they’re directed towards. Responding to words with violence, however, is illegal. The exception to this general rule is if the threat is accompanied by some other factor that suggests that the person it’s directed towards is in danger of imminent physical harm. For example if someone says: I’m going to shoot you. The words alone are not a sufficient threat for you to fight them from a legal standpoint. But if they threaten to shoot you and then reach into their coat pocket to pull something out, you’d be reasonable in defending yourself.


Question: How is cape town in South Africa running out of water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is cape town in South Africa running out of water?

Desalinization is energy intensive, so it's quite expensive. You see it a lot in places that have little water but are on the ocean, and there's lost of money -- like the Arabian peninsula. The problem with Cape Town is that it's experiencing a drought, which is a *temporary* reduction in rainfall. Desalinization is a bad solution because it's very expensive, and then at some point the drought ends, and the people who built the desalinization plant (and still haven't made a profit yet) have to compete with -- get this -- **free water from the sky**. It is a very bad business plan to sell something that falls out of the sky for free.


Question: How do you isolate individual gasses?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you isolate individual gasses?

There are lots of different ways of doing this and it will depend on the gas you want to extract and the gasses you want to extract it from. Generally, you exploit the fact that gases behave differently, both chemically and physically. You can exploit different condensation temperatures, you can exploit the fact that other chemicals might react with certain gasses over others, or that certain liquids or solids might absorb certain gasses over others. Specifically for helium, you can lower the temperature of the gas. Helium has the lowest boiling point, so all other gasses will turn into liquid, leaving helium in a gaseous state. You can top that off by having an absorbent material such as activated charcoal, which will absorb other gases, leaving you with almost pure helium.


Question: Why is peanut butter and jelly not a regular sandwich at restaurants while every other sandwich type is?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is peanut butter and jelly not a regular sandwich at restaurants while every other sandwich type is?

PB & J is very cheap and easy to prepare. Restraunts that cater to convenience have to produce meals at a quality and for a price that customers would rather pay for than use their own time and resources to make. Things like ham sandwiches will be made with nicer meats, cheeses, and breads than the average person would keep in their pantry. I have seen PB & J at delis before, but even these were dressed up and were toasted with bacon in the middle (look up Elvis' PB & J).


Question: How do we know there is a hole in the ozone layer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know there is a hole in the ozone layer?

We can directly observe and measure the ozone concentrations in a given column of air. One method involves sending a weather balloon up with a device called a ozonesonde. Once the balloon reaches about 21 miles up, the ozonesonde sucks in some gas and measures the amount of electrical charge produced when the gas reacts with potassium iodide. The amount of charge is directly proportional to the amount of ozone in the gas sample. High altitude flights can also reach the stratosphere and measure the ozone in a similar manner. Weather satellites can measure the amounts of ozone by measuring the amount of UV radiation that is reflected back into space from the earth, as that's the primary function of atmospheric ozone. That data. combined with ground-based UV measurements, tells us how much UV is being blocked from the earth by the ozone, which directly correlates with the amount of ozone in the upper atmosphere.


Question: why can it be so dangerous (lethal?) for alcoholics to stop drinking?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why can it be so dangerous (lethal?) for alcoholics to stop drinking?

With drawling from alcohol can be a lot like withdrawing from opiates. You’re body is used to functioning with a high level of it in the body, when it’s removed you begin to withdrawal. Your body is used to being sedated. When you remove the thing that makes it calmer you become excited. You can have serious seizures, heart arrhythmias, kidney failure, etc. these can all be fatal. It’s not that common to die from it though.


Question: Why do lakes not just seep into the earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do lakes not just seep into the earth?

Geologist here. There are at a few basic reasons the water won't seep into the ground beneath lakes (from what I can remember off the top of my head). 1. Some lakes are a 'window' into an aquifer, where subsurface water has collected and sat for thousands of years. This water can be depleted but as long as the incoming water is greater than or equal to the outgoing water it will remain. 2. Soils (or bedrock) that make up most lakes have a low hydraulic conductivity (the rate at which water permeates through). Soils such as clay or glacial till are excellent soils if you wanted to create a lake. (Fun fact: many landfills are lined with specific types of clay for this exact reason so no pollutants will go into the surrounding earth). If you have terrain where water will pool and sufficient rain or streams, it will create a pond or lake. 3. A surface depression with incoming water may create a lake or pond as long as that water flow is enough to keep the water there. Over time dying plants and the deposition of silt and clay can create a hydraulically restrictive later, ie, peat and organic silts and clays.


Question: how exactly does bleach take the color out of things?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how exactly does bleach take the color out of things?

Bleach is a generic chemical that that’s a chemical reaction that breaks down pigment molecules called chromophores, Those are the molecules reflected the colored light, and when those molecules are destroyed, the item goes back to its base property, which for most clothing is white


Question: During floods, how come people don't get electrocuted when water enters their home and hits their outlets or wiring?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 During floods, how come people don't get electrocuted when water enters their home and hits their outlets or wiring?

Because it's too much water in relation to amount of electricity most likely. It could be possible though, but whoever found you wouldn't know that's what killed you.


Question: Why does radiation make you vomit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does radiation make you vomit?

If something is causing cells to die all over your body, your body understands this to mean is has been poisoned. Since a likely source of poisoning is ingesting it, your body reacts by inducing vomiting.


Question: Edward Snowden is fairly active on Twitter, participates in video conferences around the world and is most probably connected to the internet all day, why can't the CIA, NSA or the FBI trace his location? Last time I checked he was still living in an undisclosed location in Moscow.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Edward Snowden is fairly active on Twitter, participates in video conferences around the world and is most probably connected to the internet all day, why can't the CIA, NSA or the FBI trace his location? Last time I checked he was still living in an undisclosed location in Moscow.

Who said they don't know where he is? They just can't touch him.


Question: How did people originally discover the earth’s axis and its degree of tilt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did people originally discover the earth’s axis and its degree of tilt?

If you are able to travel around the world and use sextants and things to measure the compass bearings and angles of stuff in the sky, then the difference of Earth's spin axis to its orbital axis can be worked out. One way you could measure this is go stand somewhere on the equator, and keep records of where the sun rises and sets every day. If the Earth's axis were perfectly flat, then the sun would always rise and set perfectly due east and west. But in reality, that only happens on the equinoxes. On the solstices, the sunset and sunrise are at their furthest from true east and west. (You can also make this measurement from somewhere other than the equator, but deriving the axial tilt from that measurement requires a bit more math.)


Question: How is possible that fast food, such as a burger from McDonalds, can have over 1000 MG of sodium and not taste over salted. Yet if I cook something and add that much salt it would be inedible?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is possible that fast food, such as a burger from McDonalds, can have over 1000 MG of sodium and not taste over salted. Yet if I cook something and add that much salt it would be inedible?

Because 1000mg of sodium is less than 1/2 teaspoon of salt. It's not very much salt at all. The double quarter pounder with cheese has 1300mg of sodium, or basically a half teaspoon of salt (assuming it's the only source which it likely isn't). That's spread out between the beef, the bun, the cheese, and the ketchup and mustard. The 2 slices of american cheese contain about 900mg on their own, then a tablespoon of ketchup is about 150 mg more, so just those make up 80% of the sodium. The amount of salt "added" during cooking in the restaurant is very minimal, equivalent to just a pinch. So even if you were to add a half teaspoon of salt to a dish at home, it really wouldn't be overpowering unless you were using other ingredients that also contained significant amounts of salt as well.


Question: Why is it when it's really dark in a room and when you look directly to something it's hard to see but when it's in your peripherals it's easy to see?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it when it's really dark in a room and when you look directly to something it's hard to see but when it's in your peripherals it's easy to see?

The centre of your retina, which is the part doing the work when you look directly, has mostly "cone" cells which are more discriminating for precise, colour vision but careless sensitive to low light. The periphery has mostly "rod" cells which are better at low light vision but not so good for the other type. "Cone" and "rod" comes from the shapes of the light receiving cells under a microscope.


Question: What makes up dryer lint? Like what is it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes up dryer lint? Like what is it?

Mostly small fibres from your clothes. Jeans, hoodie and towels in particular (but every clothing item basically) all shed miniscule fibres which over time collect in the dryer filter (and make up some portion of the dust in your home). Remember to clean the filter regularly, otherwise fire.


Question: How does water pressure affect you when you're INSIDE a Submarine?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does water pressure affect you when you're INSIDE a Submarine?

It doesn't unless you're suffering flooding or approaching crush-depth. The interior of submarines is maintained reasonably close to 1 atmosphere (usually slightly less, IIRC). Source: I was in the navy for 5 years, 4 of which were stationed on a submarine.


Question: How does extinct animals just reappear?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does extinct animals just reappear?

They don't what happens is a nearly extinct species that humans haven't been able to find any living species in the wild is labelled in error extinct. This is normally the result of an isolated community of the species existing in a remote area.


Question: how does the laser thermometer measure how hot/cold something is, by just shining on it with a few rays of laserlight?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does the laser thermometer measure how hot/cold something is, by just shining on it with a few rays of laserlight?

It has nothing to do with the laser, that is just an indicator to see where it is pointed. Instead the temperature is measured by gauging the frequency of infrared light the object emits, as that directly relates to the temperature of the object. If it gets hot enough the frequency actually raises into the visible spectrum which is why very hot things will start to glow.


Question: How unhealthy are Burgers or Hotdogs actually?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How unhealthy are Burgers or Hotdogs actually?

Everything is unhealthy, after a certain point, and the same applies to burgers and hot dogs. You could eat a hamburger everyday of your life and as long as you compensated for it you'd probably turn out alright. At the end of the day with food, all that matters is what is going into your body, carbs vs protein vs saturated fats vs unsaturated fats to the other factors of nutrients like sodium, vitamins and minerals, and cholesterol. So the problem is in the nitty-gritty. Is the burger bun made of whole grain or processed grains? How lean/fatty is the hamburger meat? How sugary is the sauce/ketchup? Are you putting any vegetables on it? All of those come into play. So, the problem with fast food is generally that it is the lower quality less healthy version. Processed/refined buns, sugary sauces/ketchup, high fat content meat. If you were to compare a fast food burger with a homemade burger made with lean meat, served on a whole grain bun etc. Chances are that homemade burger will beat the fast food one nutrient wise. But the other problem with fast food is that it is fast, cheap, and can be habit forming. One fast food burger isnt going to hurt you. 100 over the course of the year will start to add up. And the fact that it is relatively cheap and quicker/easier to get than home cooking means some people will start to over rely on it. But again, even if you did eat a big mac everyday for a year. if you compensated by having a low fat diet everywhere else and getting your proper nutrient, you would probably turn out fine. Its just most people don't put in the effort to do that.


Question: Why would a child think that a different shaped container would hold more or less liquid vs the other which has the same volume of liquid? And what is the name of this?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why would a child think that a different shaped container would hold more or less liquid vs the other which has the same volume of liquid? And what is the name of this?

Piaget's theory of conservation. A child's brain develops in stages. Some theories have been put forth to try and classify the little developments into discrete stages and tried to understand what stage comes first. The ability is to understand that if you have two identical glasses with the same amount of water (call them A and B) and you acknowledge that they contain the same amount, then pour everything from A into glass C which is taller and narrower (water level higher), you logically cannot have more or less water in C than B. If you cannot make this logical deduction, you haven't hit that developmental stage.


Question: Why is it so hard to get up early on the weekdays for work, but so easy to get up at the same time on the weekends?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so hard to get up early on the weekdays for work, but so easy to get up at the same time on the weekends?

Routine. You’re body is used to being up at that time, but you don’t have the dread of going to work on the weekend so you have 0 problem waking up and doing whatever it is you want to do.


Question: Our skin feels pain when heated because the outer skin cells are burning. Then what is happening when it's extreme cold outside? Where does the feeling of freezing comes from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Our skin feels pain when heated because the outer skin cells are burning. Then what is happening when it's extreme cold outside? Where does the feeling of freezing comes from?

You don't feel the burn because your skin cells are burning. You feel it because your thermoreceptors (receptors for temperature) and nociceptors (receptors for pain) are being stimulated by that big amount of heat. These thermoreceptors and nociceptors are nothing but free nerve endings that reside in your skin. If you damage those free nerve endings in a certain area of your skin, you wouldn't feel heat or pain even though your skin cells are being burned. The pain itself, as a feeling, is created in your brain when a certain stimulus arrives to it. That stimulus arrive through a nervous pathway, and the first part of the pain pathway are these receptors. If such nervous pathway is damaged at any of its points, your brain doesn't care about your skin cells being burned or damaged in any way. It's interesting that pain and temperature actually go through the same pathway into your brain. Now to your question about freezing, you actually have two big type of thermoreceptors: cold receptors and warm receptors. They're both free nerve endings, but they're different, and there are different types of each one. There are different receptors that activate at certain temperatures. For example: when temperatures lower than 15°C (59°F) produce a deformation in the membrane of a particular type of these cold receptors, the brain starts giving you the feeling of freezing. Obviously, as it is the brain that produces the feeling, it changes due to conditioning; some people won't feel a painful sensation even though the cold receptors are firing an electrical response to that temperature. So it's that: the deformation of the membrane of those free nerve endings that react to changes to different temperatures. Some of these receptors fire a response when the physical deformation they suffer is due to higher temperatures, other fire a response when their deformation is caused in a certain way by lower temperatures. Pain receptors work in a similar way, and they act accompanying the temperature receptors. When your skin starts burning, your warm receptors will be firing a response, but your pain receptors too. Your brain combines both signals into one unique feeling: the feeling of pain by burning. The same happens when your skin is damaged by extremely low temperatures.


Question: Why are so many countries accepting China's loans/projects that can easily trap them in debt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are so many countries accepting China's loans/projects that can easily trap them in debt?

Because it's the cheapest option, as in China offers them the lowest interest rate that they can get.


Question: Does everyone on earth actually have a different fingerprint?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does everyone on earth actually have a different fingerprint?

> Does identifying someone's fingerprints at a crime scene really rule out every other human on earth? No, mainly because we can't tell them apart, not because there are no tiny differences. But that doesn't matter because most cases aren't hinging on if every person on the planet is ruled out. The issue of if the guy with blood in his trunk and matching fingerprints on the murder weapon isn't really damaged that much if some person in Mongolia also has indistinguishable prints.


Question: What is the prurpose of the "turbo" button on vintage PCs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the prurpose of the "turbo" button on vintage PCs?

Its for compatibility for applications that are CPU speed dependant. The turbo button actually slows down the CPU clock. Here's a [video]( URL_0 ) on the subject.


Question: How NES was able to release games of just few MBs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How NES was able to release games of just few MBs?

They didn't store audio clips or large images. They stored something akin to a machine version of sheet music, which told each of the NES audio channels how much sound to play at any given time (which is a pretty limited format, which is why NES sounds are so distinctive). The Game Boy did the same thing, which is why you can find glitchy Pokemon who have "cries" formed of garbled data interpreted as audio. Most NES games have at most a few dozen tiles, perhaps fifty or a hundred not-very-high-resolution sprites (which often got palette-swapped to extend their useability), and limited animations, none of which take up very much space. But even then, a great deal of work was put into those games to trim down their size as much as possible.


Question: When global corporations lose a lawsuit and are required to pay millions of dollars, where does that money go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When global corporations lose a lawsuit and are required to pay millions of dollars, where does that money go?

A lot of these are class-action lawsuits which *basically* means a large group of people who were hurt by some action are suing the company for damages. So they get the money. Sometimes the government also is fining the company, such as the case with the VW cheating scandal that involved, in the US, $25bn in fines and damages combined.


Question: Why do nipples go hard when they are hit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do nipples go hard when they are hit?

It's easier for newborn to latch onto a stiff nipple than a flaccid soft one. It's theorized thats why they stiffen upon contact. The other reason is cold. In the same way you get goosebumps on your arms in the cold because your body is trying to keep you warm with your "fur". The hair follicles around your nipples stiffen causing the "nipply weather effect" to occur


Question: What is it about "artificially low" interests rates that causes concerns of a big recession?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is it about "artificially low" interests rates that causes concerns of a big recession?

Here's my understanding... It's not that the artificially-low interest rates will cause the recession. Interest rates are jsut one of the tools that the Fed uses to control spending in the economy. So it's the cost of borrowing money. When the cost of borrowing money is cheap (low interest rates), it's supposed to trigger people to borrow more in order to build/buy stuff (companies, inventory, products, etc) which should "stimulate" the economy. In a true free-market economy, the interest rates would naturally settle at the balance point where both the lenders and borrowers are happy with the risk they're both taking. But the Fed interferes with that natural dynamic. So if we have a recession, the Fed won't be able to lower the interest rates anymore to stimulate anything because the rates are basically at 0 already... historically speaking. So the concern is that the next recession will be a doozy because the Fed won't be able to bail us out of it this time by playing with interest rates and the money supply. So things will take a more natural course and it may be very painful for a lot of people because a lot of debts won't be repaid, and companies/people will go broke, which will cause job losses, which causes less spending. So it's this downward spiral that will be painful. That's my limited layman's understanding.


Question: Some actors are paid massively in some films but modestly in others. How do film producers negotiate wages with actors?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Some actors are paid massively in some films but modestly in others. How do film producers negotiate wages with actors?

The simple fact is -- its a negotiation! It comes down to that. But there may be reasons why an actor may be willing to take a role for less money. Maybe its a passion project, maybe its awards material (so it'll be great for their future career), maybe they are doing a friend a solid by being in the movie, maybe the movie is just small budget, the actor needs work, and will take whats on the table. Generally, otherwise, actors have what is referred to as their "quote". Basically there is some amount, usually high for big name stars, that if you pay that amount, they will do just about anything, seriously. Obviously getting that is very tough, so most deals will be done for much less, and negotiated by the actor's agent.


Question: In scuba, why does the diver's air get more compressed with depth? Does the tank not protect the air from outside forces?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In scuba, why does the diver's air get more compressed with depth? Does the tank not protect the air from outside forces?

The air in the tank doesn't get more compressed, it's unaffected unless maybe your corpse falls down the Marian's trench. The regulator drops the air pressure from that in the tank to match ambient for you to breathe. If you're above water, it lets out normal atmosphere pressure air. If you're 10m under water where water pressure is two atmospheres, it lets out air at two atmospheres to breathe. Why does it do this? So you're lungs and chest don't collapse. If you were still breathing in surface one atmosphere pressure air but had two atmosphere pressure water on the outside of your chest, it would be like trying to breathe with someone sitting on your chest.


Question: Is there such a thing as new plate tectonics or there's only the same old plates moving around since the earth was formed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there such a thing as new plate tectonics or there's only the same old plates moving around since the earth was formed?

The plates do change over time. We do have examples where plates have cracked in two and new land forms between them pushing them apart. And we do see plates being pushed down between two other plates and dissapearing completely into the mantle. So the tectonic plates do change over time. In fact none of the current surface was present at the formation of the Earth and it have all been formed afterwards through one process or another. This is one of the issued studying the early history of the planet because everything that was there is now gone. This is why we have to venture to the Moon, asteroids and other planets in the solar system in order to study how the early Earth was.


Question: Why is there a residual taste of the fizzy drink it contained (e.g. Mountain Dew) when reusing rinsed plastic bottles for the first few times?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there a residual taste of the fizzy drink it contained (e.g. Mountain Dew) when reusing rinsed plastic bottles for the first few times?

Same reason tupperware becomes semi-permanently stained by tomato sauce, plastic is permeable to an extent (which varies depending on the type of plastic and molecules it's being exposed to), artificial flavouring molecules are absorbed into the plastic during the time it's in contact with a highly saturated solution (the soda) then released when it comes in contact with a less saturated solution (the water)


Question: when you fill a cup of water, why does the pitch get higher as it fills?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when you fill a cup of water, why does the pitch get higher as it fills?

It's the same principle as longer organ pipes resonating at lower notes, and short organ pipes resonating at higher notes. The white noise from splashing water creates sound waves inside the hollow of the filling cup. The rising water reduces the length of the resonant air column. Shorter air-column length means higher resonant notes.


Question: Why does vodka ignite when poured into a hot pan?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does vodka ignite when poured into a hot pan?

Often it's not the heat from the pan but the chef may tip the pan enough that part of the flame touches the spirit and ignites it.


Question: How can someone subconsciously do something and not remember it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can someone subconsciously do something and not remember it?

There is an entire part of your brain, the cerebellum, located at the very top of the back of your neck dedicated to automatic functions. It's almost like a separate mini-brain, although it's considered part of the main brain. Any task you repeat all the time gets transfered to that section of the brain where it can be done automatically. This including things like walking, driving, riding a bike, or, in your case, applying chap stick. You merely have to think about putting chapstick on, and your celebellum takes over and does it for you, without needing any input from you. It's so automatic in fact, that you can accidentally trigger that function sometimes. A stray thought can do it. Thus you put the chapstick on without realizing. Since the cerebellum was taking over for you, it's not something you would notice if you hadn't consciously activated it.


Question: How do they identify unknown bodies by dental records?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do they identify unknown bodies by dental records?

You don't use dental records to identify. You use them to verify. Here's a corpse and some teeth. Who is it? No idea. Can't tell you. Here's a corpse and some teeth. We think it's John Smith cause that's his house that burned down. His family has gone to his dentist and asked for his x-ray records and provided us with it. Can you verify that those teeth match John Smith's dental records?


Question: How do they make flavoured drinks that are clear?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do they make flavoured drinks that are clear?

Most artificial - and even natural - flavorings don’t actually have any coloring to them. The color you see in most sodas and sports drinks comes from artificial food coloring.