Question: why does eating make me feel so tired?

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 why does eating make me feel so tired?

I'm only an anatomy student, but it sounds to me like you have a hyperactive parasympathetic nervous system. That's the part that's responsible for “rest and digest,” and it basically pulls blood to your stomach and intestines so they can process what you eat. It might also have something to do with what you eat for lunch. Simple carbs like white bread are digested much more quickly than something like oatmeal or whole wheat pasta, for example.


Question: Why are salmonella cases so low in japan, despite them eating lots of raw egg?

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 Why are salmonella cases so low in japan, despite them eating lots of raw egg?

They have much higher quality standards when it comes to eggs because they get eaten raw so much. Firstly, they try to minimize the chances of chickens getting infected with salmonella. They have strict hygiene rules when it comes to chicken farming and make sure that there is no contact to possibly infected animals. Then every single egg gets checked by a machine for small cracks in the shell, since salmonella is mostly found on the outside of the shells and that would be a possible way for them to get to the inside. The damaged eggs get thrown away. Then the intact eggs get sterilized. The last important factor is that the expiration date is set earlier to make sure that only fresh eggs get eaten.


Question: why does milk go sour within a few hours out of the refigerator, but stays fresh inside the udder despite it being warm?

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 why does milk go sour within a few hours out of the refigerator, but stays fresh inside the udder despite it being warm?

Inside of an udder, in the cow's mammary glands, it's basically sterile. The cow's body is pretty good at killing bacteria and keeping bacteria out of most of its body systems, aside from the digestive tract. Just like a human body - lots of our fluids (blood, urine, milk, etc) are mostly sterile as long as they're inside of our body, unless something's wrong like an infection. Once the milk exits the body, though, it starts getting exposed to more bacteria. The bacteria present on the outside of the cow's udder, on the milking equipment, even in the air. In a well-maintained dairy they're going to work hard to keep the amount of bacteria to a minimum, but there will still always be some present. And the longer it's allowed to sit in the milk, consuming the sugars (lactose) in the milk and creating sour byproducts like lactic acid, the more gross that milk is going to taste. Pasteurization and refrigeration kill and slow down the bacteria that cause that souring, letting our milk last longer, but once it's outside of the cow, there's no good way to keep bacteria to absolute zero. All we can do is minimize their effects for as long as possible.


Question: How do we know the gas planets dont have a solid core?

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 How do we know the gas planets dont have a solid core?

Most do have a solid core. As for life I don’t think anyone knows for sure if it’s impossible for life to arise there but most people would speculate that due to the extreme pressure, temperature, winds, and radiation it would be impossible. However, both life and the universe are constantly surprising us with what they are capable of so I can’t personally rule out life on gas giants completely.


Question: Why is it so much easier to get sick when it's cold outside?

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 Why is it so much easier to get sick when it's cold outside?

The air is drier when it's colder. The air is especially dry indoors because furnaces remove a lot of moisture from the air. The dry air weakens the mucous barrier in your nose, throat and lungs, and exposes the respiratory system directly to viruses. Even in a dry climate in the summer, the air will typically have much more moisture than in the winter.


Question: Why were the Mongols the only military power to defeat Russia?

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 Why were the Mongols the only military power to defeat Russia?

First, Russia was fairly divided, so it wasn't quite as difficult to counter them. This was deliberately built into Mongol strategy. During one of the major battles, Mongol forces under Subotai Baghatur attacked the Russian main force, but then withdrew. Every few miles they would stop, seem to muster to fight again, and then withdraw further. Every time they did this, the Russian force became more and more stretched out, with faster cavalry better able to keep up with the Mongols, while slower units fell behind. Once they were sufficiently separated, the still-unified Mongol force crushed them unit by unit. Second, the Mongols were a force built for warfare in territory like Russia. Mongolia is in many ways more difficult terrain than Western portions of Russia, and the forces were already prepared for extreme cold. In fact, the Mongol's used an old tribal trick of putting felt on their horses' feet, allowing them to travel rapidly across frozen rivers -- using them like highways to attack a Russia slumbering in a winter frost. Wikis take on Subotai's campaign: URL_0


Question: How come when you have an allergic reaction your body/face swells up super quickly, but it takes days for the opposite to happen (to go back to normal)?

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 How come when you have an allergic reaction your body/face swells up super quickly, but it takes days for the opposite to happen (to go back to normal)?

The [complement system]( URL_0 ) proteins involved in these really severe reactions are present everywhere in your blood, and can respond *very* quickly to recruit/activate immune cells when triggered. The mechanisms that shut down inflammation are not nearly as fast, or are just passive processes (like pro-inflammatory signaling molecules being drained away from the affected area via the lymph).


Question: Why is it called a Chinese Fire Drill?

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 Why is it called a Chinese Fire Drill?

Copied from Wikipedia, because it explains it in fairly simple terms: “The term goes back to the early 1900s, and is alleged to have originated when a ship run by British officers and a Chinese crew practiced a fire drill for a fire in the engine room. The bucket brigade drew water from the starboard side, took it to the engine room, and poured it onto the 'fire'. To prevent flooding, a separate crew hauled the accumulated water from the engine room, up to the main deck and heaved the water over the port side. The drill had previously gone according to plan until the orders became confused in translation. The bucket brigade began to draw the water from the starboard side, run over to the port side and then throw the water overboard, bypassing the engine room completely.[2] Additionally, the term is documented to have been used in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II, where it was often expressed in the phrase "as screwed up as a Chinese fire drill".[3] It was also commonly used by Americans during the Korean War and the Vietnam War.[4] Historians trace Westerners' use of the word Chinese to denote "confusion" and "incomprehensibility" to the earliest contacts between Europeans and Chinese people in the 1600s, and attribute it to Europeans' inability to understand and appreciate China's radically different culture and world view.[5] In his 1989 Dictionary of Invective, British editor Hugh Rawson lists 16 phrases that use the word Chinese to denote "incompetence, fraud and disorganization".[6]”


Question: How can parrots speak human words while other birds/animals can't?

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 How can parrots speak human words while other birds/animals can't?

Parrots have the ability to imitate what they hear so with enough practice or repetition of a sentence or phrase a parrot can recreate it. And btw that imitation skill is present in all animals that produce some kind of noise to communicate by imitating their parents. That's what human do for example when our parents keep saying dada and mama and we just repeat these sounds as children. As for your follow up question concerning other birds: well as I previously explained, they imitate their species that's why all birds that "sings" have learnt that and just imitate it.


Question: Why is listening to aggressive music so cathartic even though I myself am not physically or verbally venting?

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 Why is listening to aggressive music so cathartic even though I myself am not physically or verbally venting?

You pretty much already said it. The music invokes a feeling of power and aggression in your mind, and with the right chord progressions probably also has this sort of sense of building up tension before "releasing" it in a resolving chord. EDIT: If you wanna see a great example of how chord progression can invoke these sorts of feelings, check out this video by TwosetViolin that puts a comedic take on the concept of emotions invoked by music: URL_0 ; They illustrate Phillip Glass's weird obsession with going from tonic, to sub-dominant, to dominant degrees, but then returning to the tonic 'early'. It basically is the musical equivalent of blue-balling, never really giving the listener a sense of closure as the music doesn't ever seem to resolve. ^if ^you ^can ^shill ^for ^sacrilegious ^boys ^slowly ^you ^can ^shill ^for ^them ^quickly


Question: If saltwater can conduct electricity then why do fish not die when lightning strikes the ocean?

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 If saltwater can conduct electricity then why do fish not die when lightning strikes the ocean?

There is a lot of water in the ocean between the point where the lightning fits and the bottom of the ocean. The electricity spreads out and travels through all the paths. The amount of current that passes through any fish-sized piece of ocean is very, very small because fish represent a very, very small fraction of the water in the ocean. Fish, like humans, can withstand a little shock of electricity with no ill effect. An unlucky fish, in the first few fish-lengths of ocean closest to the point of lightning strike, could be harmed. Unlucky fish are like unlucky birds that happen to be in a piece of air that lightning goes through.


Question: How exactly does a 401(k) work?

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 How exactly does a 401(k) work?

Untaxed money is taken out of your paycheck, and put into an investment account. Your employer matches what you put in up to a certain amount. That money grows tax free, and you pay taxes once you withdraw it in retirement. Very basic lowdown, a lot more info can be said.


Question: How exactly does recording and playing back sound work?

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 How exactly does recording and playing back sound work?

Sound is pressure waves in the air. You use a microphone that contains a gadget (there's a few different types) that converts those pressure changes to electric current. Now typically this is very little current because sound does not contain all that much energy to begin with, so you send it through an amplifier. At this point you record the shape of that electric wave which corresponds to the shape of the sound waves. For replay you send it back to speakers which uses an electromagnet that moves a piece of metal attached to a cone of some soft and light material, to push the air back into the same shape of pressure waves that were the original sound.


Question: Why proteins are shown in scientific papers as bunch of tangled wires and arrows, and not like some kind of chemical element or something similar?

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 Why proteins are shown in scientific papers as bunch of tangled wires and arrows, and not like some kind of chemical element or something similar?

Proteins are molecules that compared to water, are insanely big. Proteins have 4 kind of structures. The primary structure is just the chain of the basic bricks (amino acids) that build up the protein. Secondary structure is how that chain bends itself into different shapes. Tertiary structure is the how different parts with different secondary structures bend to give the protein it's 3D structure. Quaternary structure (which not all proteins have) is how different sub-parts of a protein (i.e. separate molecules) assemble . In papers arrows and coils show what kind of secondary structure (leaflet or spiral) that part of the protein has and also gives an overview of it's tertiary structure. If you were to write down a protein as a chemical formula or molecule name, it would make an insanely long and un-understandable word that would help the reader. On the other hand, the model you see in papers gives a quick overlook of the protein structure and size, and sometimes more for those used to looking at those models !


Question: Why is it that we can't see gases in their pure form, yet we can see the shadows of gases on a sunny day?

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 Why is it that we can't see gases in their pure form, yet we can see the shadows of gases on a sunny day?

Plenty of gases have color in their pure form. We can see shadows on hot days because air expands and then moves. And light changes a few properties when switching between mediums, so that movement of air and change in density is what makes the light wavy (gives interference patterns). But the gases in air do not reflect in the visible range. Which to be honest is kinda the point of us evolving this specific visible range to see in (so air wouldn’t get in out way).


Question: Do cough suppressants actually help, or do they just suppress the germs coming out when you cough (Which is bad, right?)?

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 Do cough suppressants actually help, or do they just suppress the germs coming out when you cough (Which is bad, right?)?

Cough suppressants have nothing to do with the germs coming out of your mouth when you do cough. Coughing is typically an involuntary reaction to your body recognizing an irritant somewhere in your respiratory or digestive tract. Germs aren’t the reason for this however, they’re too small to be recognized as irritants. They may be the root cause, by contributing the irritation (dry throat due to cold, etc) What cough suppressants attempt to do is replicate the body’s natural defense of these irritants by coating the throat with mucus. That’s why cough drops typically last not much longer than you have them in your mouth. The ones with menthol may last slightly longer because they have a numbing/cooling effect that helps kill the feeling of the irritant in the throat.


Question: Why sometimes one of your ears will be red and hot and the other one will be room temperature or cold?

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 Why sometimes one of your ears will be red and hot and the other one will be room temperature or cold?

Typically when one ear is burining hot and red, it's a sign of your body fighting an infection (Like a cold/flu, or something else)


Question: /Does the brain have a limit for memory? Like smartphones, computers, etc

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 /Does the brain have a limit for memory? Like smartphones, computers, etc

Not really, but here is a good TED talk on memory: URL_0


Question: Why does sunlight bleach/lighten things?

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 Why does sunlight bleach/lighten things?

The rays, especially the ultraviolet ones, are breaking the bonds of the molecules of the colored compounds. So they lose their color. It is the more energetic photons, the higher frequency ones, which do this best.


Question: Why do older 3D graphic games look worse to us than retro 2D games?

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 Why do older 3D graphic games look worse to us than retro 2D games?

It’s similar to t he “uncanny valley” phenomenon if you know what that is. Basically, the closer some tries to look to real life, the more our brain finds the imperfection in them disturbing, as if you’re looking at a disfigured person. But for things that don’t look close to real life, our brain doesn’t make that connection, instead it just sees the colorful pixels for what they are, colorful pixels. Plus, with 3D games, you’re generally comparing them to real life and modern 3D games, and you can really see just how bad they were. 2D or cartoony games you don’t see that as much becuase they’re not as comparable to other modern games, instead it’s just their own unique art style.


Question: How was it discovered that two pieces of the same metal would bond together in a vacuum if they became in contact, and how do astronauts repair stuff in space avoiding this to occur?

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 How was it discovered that two pieces of the same metal would bond together in a vacuum if they became in contact, and how do astronauts repair stuff in space avoiding this to occur?

I'm not sure about the history of it, but I'd wager that it came up as a theoretical prediction long before anyone tried it. As far as the astronaut stuff: vacuum welding is actually tricky to do. The surfaces must fit together very well, like two finely sanded flat surfaces or something. The surface must also be free of any contamination. Many/most of the parts used in space are prepared in an atmosphere, so the oxygen in the atmosphere will bind to the surface of the metal, creating a thin layer of oxidized metal. This stuff won't vacuum weld unless you were to sand and polish it off in a vacuum.


Question: How exactly was Jordan Belfort scamming people and why did it work successfully till his demise?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly was Jordan Belfort scamming people and why did it work successfully till his demise?

As I understand it he would basically pump and dump stocks. So he would find a cheap stock and buy up alot of it causing the price to inflate then he would hype it up to investors through false information and falsified financial statements of that company and get them to buy in as well at the higher price which inflates it even more. Then he and his brokers would sell their shares at the inflated price which causes the stock price to tumble and they'd just reap the profits of buying low and selling high. He got away with it for a while basically because nobody who knew said anything because they profited as well. His success and party lifestyle eventually causedd the SEC to be suspicious and they started to investigate and the rest is history. Moral of the story: if you're getting rich through illegal means, don't flaunt it and draw attention to yourself


Question: why do apps update regularly but nothing seems to change?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do apps update regularly but nothing seems to change?

Most of them are just minor reconfigurations, or getting rid of glitches nobody knows about.


Question: How do websites detect whether you are you using an ad-blocker or not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do websites detect whether you are you using an ad-blocker or not?

Basically, they create a "fake" ad, code that uses common words adblocker uses to flag ads, and then checks to see if that code loaded, or not. If it didn't, adblock snatched it up, and it says "hey. stop that" I.e. ad fake = newAd(); load = check fake.isLoaded(true); if not load==true run gotcha_adblocker!():


Question: what is borderline personality disorder? My mother has it and I’m trying to understand her.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is borderline personality disorder? My mother has it and I’m trying to understand her.

Best I can explain is it's an emotional rollercoaster. People with BPD experience emotions that dwarf a normal persons. So when they are happy, they can be ecstatic, when sad, they can be completely depressed and suicidal. An ex of mine had BPD and it wasn't easy for sure. They need a lot of patience and understanding, also a lot of support and encouragement goes a long way.


Question: Why do Apple consumers stay devoted to Apple products and have a hard time switching to anything else?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do Apple consumers stay devoted to Apple products and have a hard time switching to anything else?

I've only had an automatic red gasoline car my whole life and I know everything about it. Now I have a manual blue disel truck and know very little about it. Most of the same things can be done like getting from Point A to Point B but it is all different. The color (UI) is different which makes identifying it in public (using the programs/applications) harder, I have to learn things that I didn't before (stick shift).


Question: Why does burning wood turn white?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does burning wood turn white?

Much of wood ash is composed of calcium carbonate or calcium oxide. Both of those are white or grey-white substances.


Question: Why do some kids force themselves to gag/puke when they cry?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some kids force themselves to gag/puke when they cry?

A lot of "crying" (and by crying, I refer to all the wailing and sobbing not just tears) is done from the chest and the lungs, up through the throat. It's possible that, through being done with a very high intensity (whether intentionally or not, we all know people who "cry" differently), some contraction or spasm in the throat, diaphragm, chest, lungs, etc, can cause a gagging reaction, which could lead more sensitive people to vomit. It's likely related to putting stress on the throat, leading to coughing, which can lead to vomiting. Unrelated to actually answering your question, but you deserve a "good job" for not letting a five year old play Battlefield.


Question: Why does everything gets creepier at night?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does everything gets creepier at night?

Many people have a fear of the dark because they can’t see where they are going or if someone is standing in front of them. In the dark it is easy for your mind to play tricks on you however in the day you are usually not alone and there are people with you so you aren’t so scared if you have to deal with something on your own. This fear is not always developed by oneself but passed down from family members. Many people think that this fear in the dark is about be alone but it’s actually that they are scared that they’re not alone.


Question: what exactly is "about:blank"? i see it a lot in loading webpages..

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what exactly is "about:blank"? i see it a lot in loading webpages..

Browsers have "about" commands. They don't require internet connection, they just do things. about:blank is the way to show a blank page. about:credits is another one if you want to see who made the pieces of the browser (it should work in all browsers). I don't currently have Firefox on this computer, but about:robots is something you can type in for something ominous. In Chrome, about:about will give you a list of browser utilities.


Question: Why can brushing your teeth too hard damage them, but the sharp metal points dentists use to scrape enamel off don't?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can brushing your teeth too hard damage them, but the sharp metal points dentists use to scrape enamel off don't?

General Dentist here. Brushing too hard, or with a hard bristle toothbrush, won't damage enamel (the outer, protective layer of the teeth). It's simply too hard of a material. It CAN however, damage the gum tissues and/or the cementum (a much softer layer that covers the root surface) of a tooth. Brush too hard = > damaged gums = > recession = > exposed cementum = > damage or removal of cementum = > sensitivity, root surface cavities (BAD!!) For healthy individuals during a cleaning, yes the hygienist or dentist is carefully removing calculus/tartar (not scraping off enamel as op suggested) from the teeth. Even with these instruments, it is very difficult to damage the enamel. For individuals with periodontal or gum disease, they often already have recession and exposed cementum (from the bone loss, recession associated with periodontal disease) and yes, we can do damage. In these situations, we will use an ultrasonic scaler to remove the calculus rather than scraping the teeth to avoid damaging these tissues. TL: DR - just use a soft-bristle toothbrush, or even better, use an electric toothbrush that tells you if you are brushing too hard EDIT: calculus = tartar


Question: What does a human need in their daily diet to be healthy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does a human need in their daily diet to be healthy?

Vitamins, minerals, protein and carbs in the correct proportions. These are the materials that our body is made of. You literally are what you eat. So, less junk food and more vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds. Also drink more water.


Question: Why does Kelly Blue Book decide what every single car is worth?? Why does Kelly get to set the price of cars??

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does Kelly Blue Book decide what every single car is worth?? Why does Kelly get to set the price of cars??

They don't decide it. They collect data on the prices the cars are selling for and average it.


Question: Why are some shapes named based on number of angles and others number of sides?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some shapes named based on number of angles and others number of sides?

> Why are some shapes named based on number of angles and others number of sides? They aren't. They're all named based on the number of angles. The "gon" in "pentagon" comes from the Latin "gonia", which means "angle". Triangle and rectangle are from Old French rather than Latin, hence the use of "angulus" instead of "gonia". But all of them refer to the number of angles.


Question: How are large rivers, such as the Mississippi River, able to hold such a large volume of water without running out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are large rivers, such as the Mississippi River, able to hold such a large volume of water without running out?

The Mississippi river is gathering up all the rain from a vast area of the US. It may not be raining directly over the river, but it's always raining somewhere in [the Mississippi basin]( URL_0 ). It's an enormous landmass, and it all drains downhill into the Mississippi. Other huge rivers like the Nile and the Amazon have similarly huge drainage basins.


Question: does radiation from an outside source effect radio waves? And if so how was nasa able to talk to their astronaught on the moon from earth with all the radiation In space between earth and the moon?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 does radiation from an outside source effect radio waves? And if so how was nasa able to talk to their astronaught on the moon from earth with all the radiation In space between earth and the moon?

Because photons do not interact with each other. If you send radiation from two sources and the streams colide the direction of the radiation won't change. So they can send radio waves back and forth without any disturbance.


Question: What is the purpose of a rubber duck?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the purpose of a rubber duck?

It's super useful for programming because you can explain your problem to it (helps thinking it over in its entirety) without having to chase it down and tie it up like you'd have to do with colleagues. Also children like them in baths? I think?


Question: If America is in so much debt why are we allowed to borrow more money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If America is in so much debt why are we allowed to borrow more money?

A lot of people are confused about what national debt is and why it exists. It's *not* like America, as a country, has gone to China and said "I can't pay my bills, please give me some money and I'll buy you back." Much debt is in the form of bonds and similar instruments. A bond is a note that says "Buy me for $10 today, and cash me in for $11 in ten years." The government sells these to anyone who wants to buy them. If you buy a bond, the government is now $11 in debt to you with $10 of assets. People yell at the government "You just lost $1! And you put yourself in debt when you didn't have to! That's so stupid!" But now the government has $10 extra to invest. All it has to do is find an investment that returns $1 or more over ten years. And for a developed stable country, that's pretty easy to do. The government has all sorts of opportunities and goals no one else has -- it succeeds if its citizens are productive. So it can spend that $10 on better hospitals which mean workers miss less work due to illness, and the country is more productive. Or it can spend that money on schools or infrastructure or all sorts of things that increase the country's productivity. As long as it can do this reliably, then it *wants* that debt. And people want to lend it the money. Most American debt is bought by individual American people or by American organisations. Retirement funds and the like are often in the form of bonds, which means the government is in debt to you personally. The government is in debt to the citizens, and the citizens are investing in their government because of its track record in reliably and safely producing modest returns. People keep investing/lending because America has always paid those debts. It's not one big huge ball of debt it swears to pay back someday when it gets back on its feet. It's tons and tons of small individual debts that all get paid back on time. If you knew someone who borrowed $100 from you every Monday and paid you back $110 every Tuesday, every week like clockwork for 200 years, would you keep lending?


Question: Why there are no emergency parachutes in the airplanes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why there are no emergency parachutes in the airplanes?

Because they would be next to useless. Passenger aircraft fly at a much higher altitude than you jump from with a normal parachute. So they would be useless if there was a problem mid flight. Few passengers have the proper training to use a parachute and there are not enough flight attendants to jump everyone in tandem. Most accidents happen at takeoff and landing and so are far too low for parachutes to work.


Question: What's the difference between an arduino and a raspberry pi?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between an arduino and a raspberry pi?

Pi is basically a low resource PC, mostly used for single task setups (dev enviornment, router replacement, streaming service, etc). Arduino is a microcontoller for sensors. Controls robot arms, sensors, and has options for computing tasks.


Question: How can most music that's playing from headphones have separate sounds for each ear?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can most music that's playing from headphones have separate sounds for each ear?

Think of it conceptually similar to how music is recorded, with each instrument having their own channel (or often more, with the drum kit each drum and cymbal it’s own channel). When the song is mixed, these many input channels are then output to two output channels, a left one and a right one, each with their own volume balance per instrument, creating differences between the channels. Your music player can read this stereo format and then knows which channel to put to which ear, so a guitar solo could end up only on your left ear if the mixer/musician wishes to choose so. I believe most smartphones I believe also have a mono option which levels the two channels equally (or maybe just play one channel on both ears, I don’t know the details).


Question: Why hasn't Africa been able to emulate the economic success of Asia?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why hasn't Africa been able to emulate the economic success of Asia?

This question has hundreds of answers and entire PhD programs and world agencies dedicated to answering it. So... it's not easy to ELI5. Much of Africa has poor soil which makes growing things for profit difficult. Couple that with hundreds of years of colonization that extracted resources (and people) and you are left with a landmass that has very little natural resources controlled by the people who live there. Because most (all?) of Africa has been under someone else's rule at some point in history the institutions that foster growth didn't exist until recently (like the last 50/60 years). There was no centralized education system, private market that grew economies, and stable political system to guide all of these things. Basically successful societies have 3 things: stable government that caters to the majority and not a small ruling family, robust public education, and some sort of natural resources. in the case of singpore (who doesn't have robust natural resources) they have a very highly educated population that makes up for lack of resources with technology.


Question: How much of our brain do we actually use?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How much of our brain do we actually use?

We use all of it. That myth about only using 10% of the brain is bull crap. You may not use every part of your brain every second of every day, but all areas of your brain are extremely important and useful.


Question: what is the difference between olive oil for "warm use" or "cold use"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
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 what is the difference between olive oil for "warm use" or "cold use"?

Answer: certain components of the "Cold use" olive oil have a lower "smoke point". That's the temp when it begins to smoke instead of just "thinning out" like many oils do when heated. "Cold use" oil has a lower smoke point. It also happens to be healthier, although when heated, the healthy parts actually go through chemical reactions and are no longer healthier. Also pressing olives produces more "warm use" oil than "Cold use" oil, so there's an economic value in upcharging the cold use.


Question: How can one tell if an online information source is accurate?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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 How can one tell if an online information source is accurate?

It depends on the type of information you're looking for. URL_0 offers everything science related. If you're looking for world news your best bet is looking at several news outlets to even out their own bias (and preferably stay away from newsfeeds that will try to give you just what you think anyways)


Question: How will Elon Musk's battery fix South Australias energy problem if it can only power 30k homes?

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 How will Elon Musk's battery fix South Australias energy problem if it can only power 30k homes?

It won't 'fix' everything on it's own, it's when you combine it with all their other power stations it provides (in theory) enough extra power to make up for current shortfalls. It needs to be noted also that it won't only be connected to just 30k houses, it will be spread over the grid. It provides the equivalent power for 30k homes, but this will be shared by everyone in SA. And it will do it (in theory) for a lot cheaper than the current methods (esp coal). The initial saving won't be much (maybe a few dollars on your bill) but what it means if it works is that when it comes time to build new power stations/replace old ones they have a better cheaper option available. Long term, this will mean more similar projects will be built, causing (again, in theory) prices to go down, because people will naturally want the cheapest option - as long as it works.


Question: Why does holding your breath / straining seem to help when performing an action, such as benchpressing, of lifting something heavy?

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 Why does holding your breath / straining seem to help when performing an action, such as benchpressing, of lifting something heavy?

Formers Competitive Powerlifter here- As far as performing a "big lift" goes, i.e. benchpress, deadlift, squat, etc: These movements, more when they are performed with heavy weight for either one or a few reps, require body stability, or "tightness". When you breathe during a lift, your body shifts, however slightly. This is bad for the end goal of moving the weight. So for example, the benchpress. A tense body, especially including the core, legs and shoulders, is extremely helpful in moving the weight. A breath will cause these muscles to temporarily loosen, which can be detrimental to the performer being stable. The slightest shift can cause leverages and the lifter's "base" to be much less strong. I myself was taught to take a big gulp of air and hold my breath until the lift was completed. It should be known, however, that while this method is effective for moving a weight, it is not healthy in the long-run.


Question: How did we come up with the asteroid theory for dinosaur extinction?

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 How did we come up with the asteroid theory for dinosaur extinction?

It's not the only theory but it's the one best explained by all the evidence. First, there's the 150km wide impact crater off the Yucatan peninsula. It was created by a roughly 10km wide asteroid impacting at 30+km/s and it's been date to 65 million years ago which is exactly when the dinosaurs became extinct. We know how catastrophic an impact like that would be so it already makes sense as the cause of the extinction. There's also evidence of a large impact besides the crater such as ejecta layers in the rock, shock formations in the rock, melted rock from the molten impact site, and the high presence of certain rare elements that are only found in asteroids or deep within the Earth. This is all exactly what you'd expect to find in rock layers from the same time period, and there's a lack of evidence for other explanations. The fossil record also indicates a sudden, catastrophic die-off rather than a slow decline in the number of fossils, which is what you'd expect from a sudden mass-extinction event.


Question: What are the differences psychology between reading a book and reading posts on social media?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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 What are the differences psychology between reading a book and reading posts on social media?

Psychology student here. When you read a book you usually have to use more cognitivie resources to understand it and social media posts have a purpose: make things go viral. So it has to be easier to read and understand. Also, context matters. For example, if you're on a philosophy subreddit, you're prone to find really intellectual discussions so you're going to use more cognitive resources; like when you read a book. The opposite happening when you read a kid's tale, for example. What's really important is the content of what you're reading and how it defies you. The thing is, books are commonly harder to read than social media posts.


Question: - Why do medicines in Europe come in blister packaging and in America in small jars?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
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 - Why do medicines in Europe come in blister packaging and in America in small jars?

There's lots of medicine in America in blister packaging, and also European medicine in bottles.


Question: if atoms are 99.999% empty space, how come we can’t see through opaque objects?

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 if atoms are 99.999% empty space, how come we can’t see through opaque objects?

The question fails at the premise that atoms are mostly empty space. They are not mostly empty space. They are not like planets orbiting a star. They are a smooth cloud that is "everywhere at once."


Question: How, when and why did the 2 major parties from the US switched on their social and economic views?

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[Your final answer goes here]
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 How, when and why did the 2 major parties from the US switched on their social and economic views?

After Abraham Lincoln won the election and became the first Republican president, the current red states voted Democratic for like 100 years. Then Lyndon B. Johnson became president after JFK was assassinated. LBJ was a great deal maker who pushed massive amounts of significanant legislation through Congress. When he pushed through the Civil Rights Act of 1964, he said, "I fear we have lost the South for a generation." After that the current red States voted Republican and have ever since. It's been more than a generation, BTW. Make of it what you will but it all seems very seated in racism IMO.


Question: When did WASD become the standard for movement control in games and how did it become so widespread across all games?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
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 When did WASD become the standard for movement control in games and how did it become so widespread across all games?

It was some dude that played Quake. I'll see if I can find an official source, but some people had been using WASD but this guy was the first famous player to do so. [Source]( URL_0 )


Question: Why does grief come in "waves," and why does it cause us to cry?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does grief come in "waves," and why does it cause us to cry?

I can't explain why grief is the way it is but I thought this might help you. Lost my wonderful wife of 28 years to Ovarian Cancer 3 years ago, there isn't a day that goes by that I don't think about her, if only for a brief moment. I found this quote a few weeks after she passed away, it helped me get through the toughest time of my life, maybe it will help you: " As for grief, you'll find it comes in waves. When the ship is first wrecked, you're drowning, with wreckage all around you. Everything floating around you reminds you of the beauty and the magnificence of the ship that was, and is no more. And all you can do is float. You find some piece of the wreckage and you hang on for a while. Maybe it's some physical thing. Maybe it's a happy memory or a photograph. Maybe it's a person who is also floating. For a while, all you can do is float. Stay alive. In the beginning, the waves are 100 feet tall and crash over you without mercy. They come 10 seconds apart and don't even give you time to catch your breath. All you can do is hang on and float. After a while, maybe weeks, maybe months, you'll find the waves are still 100 feet tall, but they come further apart. When they come, they still crash all over you and wipe you out. But in between, you can breathe, you can function. You never know what's going to trigger the grief. It might be a song, a picture, a street intersection, the smell of a cup of coffee. It can be just about anything...and the wave comes crashing. But in between waves, there is life. Somewhere down the line, and it's different for everybody, you find that the waves are only 80 feet tall. Or 50 feet tall. And while they still come, they come further apart. You can see them coming. An anniversary, a birthday, or Christmas, or landing at O'Hare. You can see it coming, for the most part, and prepare yourself. And when it washes over you, you know that somehow you will, again, come out the other side. Soaking wet, sputtering, still hanging on to some tiny piece of the wreckage, but you'll come out. Take it from an old guy. The waves never stop coming, and somehow you don't really want them to. But you learn that you'll survive them. And other waves will come. And you'll survive them too. If you're lucky, you'll have lots of scars from lots of loves. And lots of shipwrecks." Hope this gives you some comfort as it did me. So sorry for your loss.


Question: Why do computer screen pixels change colour when pressed on?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do computer screen pixels change colour when pressed on?

LCDs are liquid crystal displays. They rely on liquid crystal in order to attain the dimming of pixels with electricity. When you push on them, the liquid is somewhat displaced, and so the area around your finger does not get as dark as it is meant to.


Question: Why is it that you can keep a house phone on it's charging dock for years and it doesn't destroy the battery where as a cellphone will eventually wither over just a couple years if you charge it for too long everyday?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that you can keep a house phone on it's charging dock for years and it doesn't destroy the battery where as a cellphone will eventually wither over just a couple years if you charge it for too long everyday?

It's not the continuous charging that damages modern cellphones. Modern smart phones have smart charging causing them to switch to a trickle charge that keeps the battery topped off without over charging. There is some truth that keeping a cellphones batter near 100% often will damage the cells, but it's not because of overcharging. The reason cellphone batteries weaken overtime is just wear and tear at the atomic level. Overtime as the battery charges and discharges the materials inside get worn and degrade and just don't work as well so they drain faster. Things that accelerate this wearing of cells are things like: * Letting the lithium battery fully drain before charging * Constantly charging to 100% * Excess heat builup * Freezing cold temperatures. The above puts extra strain on the cells and makes them degrade faster. If you avoid these things the cells will still degrade from everyday charging, but not nearly as fast. You also have to consider the phone is doing more work overtime as things update. As software/apps update they become more power/resource hungry. Your phone is going to drain the battery faster as it uses more processing power to handle the new software giving the illusion that your battery is going bad. Same idea as your computer is slowing down after a couple of years. It's the same speed, the games are just more demanding. Comparing this to a portable house phone isn't really accurate. Your house phone most likely has the same problem with a worn out battery, You just don't use it for hours on end. If you have an old portable phone it may very well only last 10 minutes these days where when it was new it would last hours.


Question: Why is the stock market expected to drop in reaction to the news of the Trumps testing positive for COVID?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why is the stock market expected to drop in reaction to the news of the Trumps testing positive for COVID?

Because if he dies his billionaire friends don't have influence in the oval office anymore. So they pull out their money from US-based corporations.


Question: What is “herd immunity?” And how is it beneficial?

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 What is “herd immunity?” And how is it beneficial?

Herd immunity happens when most of your population are immune so you can’t get an outbreak as it doesn’t spread around very easily. Let’s say someone catches measles when they go on holiday. They come back and no one in the population is vaccinated. It’s going to spread like wildfire from person to person as almost everyone that person will come into contact with is susceptible. If 98% of your population are vaccinated and can’t get the disease, then it’s not going to spread as almost no one an infected person bumps into will be susceptible to the disease. It’s just maths that you’re not going to get an outbreak.


Question: Why is the surface a frozen river or lake flat most of the time?

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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Why is the surface a frozen river or lake flat most of the time?

When a body of water freezes, it doesn't just all freeze at once. It starts with small pieces of ice that gradually grow larger. As those pieces grow, they not only limit the effect of the wind (the source of almost all waves,) they also dampen out the waves that already exist by friction between the pieces of ice. So by the time the surface solidifies, the higher frequency waves have been damped out, and only large scale movement of the water (large in mass, not necessarily amplitude, think ocean swell, or even tides,) remains, which is often imperceptible, and not normally an issue on inland waters anyways. Think of a water glass... it splashes quite readily with no ice cubes, a bit less with a few ice cubes, and hardly at all with crushed ice, and of course, not at all with a frozen layer at the top.


Question: What stops an amputee’s bones from trying to regrow through the skin at the site of amputation?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 What stops an amputee’s bones from trying to regrow through the skin at the site of amputation?

Bone doesn't grow by itself. Broken bones 'knit' together only when the broken surfaces are essentially in contact with each other.


Question: If Caffeine just blocks adenosine in the brain from making you feel sleepy, how is it a stimulant for the central nervous system?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If Caffeine just blocks adenosine in the brain from making you feel sleepy, how is it a stimulant for the central nervous system?

well caffeine antagonises the adenosine receptors. Adenosine being a neurotransmitter that in increased quantities when you get fatigued over the course of a day. By stopping the action of adenosine you essentially prevent its depressive action thus creating a stimulating effect.