Question: Why do movies/TV shows show credits both at the start and end of said show/movie?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do movies/TV shows show credits both at the start and end of said show/movie?

It used to be that all the credits were shown at the start of a movie but who wants to sit through 20 minutes of credits before the movie starts? So nowadays generally only the big names get credited at the start and everyone else at the end. I believe George Lucas paid a fine to one of the guilds he belonged to when he made Star Wars because he put the credits at the end when the guild rules were credits at the start. He then quit the guild.


Question: Why diesel engine cannot run on petrol?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why diesel engine cannot run on petrol?

Diesel engines ignite the fuel with a different process than petrol. In a diesel engine, it's the compression of the fuel above a certain pressure that causes a spontaneous ignition. Normal petrol is formulated to resist that effect, because engines designed for it use spark plugs to create electrical arcs that ignite the fuel. Putting one into the other would cause either nothing to happen (diesel would not even start), or would potentially damage the engine because the fuel would ignite when it's not supposed to.


Question: Why perpetual motion machines are impossible?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why perpetual motion machines are impossible?

All machines work by falling^1. So the simplest version of a machine could be a rubber ball falling from a table. If a ball could bounce as high as where it started, without lifting it, it would be a perpetual motion machine. But the ball pushes the air on the way down, and it heats up the ground a tiny tiny bit when it bounces, and it makes a noise. That pushing and heating and noise use up some of the balls speed so when it bounces it never gets back up to where it started from. If we could take all the air away so it didn't slow down, and make a perfect ball that didn't heat up the ground or make a noise, it would bounce forever. But we can't get all the air out of anything and we can't make a perfect ball, and there are lots of other ways the ball can slow down. So we can imagine a perpetual motion machine, but it can never be made in real life. 1: falling energy states. Fight me.


Question: How does splitting an atom cause such a huge explosion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does splitting an atom cause such a huge explosion?

When you split an atom, the two chunks together weigh less than the atom weighed. That extra mass gets turned into energy. And even a tiny bit of mass becomes a LOT of energy, and in a big hurry. That much energy in a tiny place all at once means "boom".


Question: what happens to all the water after a hurricane/flood? Does it just recede back into a body of water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what happens to all the water after a hurricane/flood? Does it just recede back into a body of water?

Civil engineering major here with background in water resources and hydrology. In urban and suburban areas, eventually the majority of the water will go into the wastewater system to either be reclaimed (cleaned for use) or the excess will be directed through the appropriate channels to points that can accommodate the influx. The remainder will seep into the ground or slowly evaporate, and some will follow naturally formed channels into tributaries and eventually rivers and other large bodies of water. In rural areas with less hydrologic infrastructure, natural channels will take away a good portion of the water, and the rest will seep into the ground (farmland has a higher water capacity than urban areas), although due to lack of proper drainage, some water will sit in large puddles until manually removed or until sufficient time has passed that it seeps down or flushes out.


Question: What is it about salt that causes water to boil faster/Ice to get colder and melt faster?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is it about salt that causes water to boil faster/Ice to get colder and melt faster?

Salt doesn't make water boil faster, it increases the boiling temperature, making it take MORE time to boil. It also does the opposite to ice, decreasing the freezing point, making it colder. Add salt to water to cook food faster, not to get it to a boil faster.


Question: Why does human brain bypasses all rational clues & overlooks obvious logical flaws once you start believing in someone's ability or authority on a subject ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does human brain bypasses all rational clues & overlooks obvious logical flaws once you start believing in someone's ability or authority on a subject ?

We create all sorts of biases, seemingly from our overactive pattern recognition. If someone is running up to you and says "run" you believe they have something to be running from, even if you haven't experienced it or they haven't explained. It's a time saving technique, so that we can react to things quickly, in order to not die as a result of slow or lack of action. These biases are sometimes useful, and sometimes jump to a correct response, but are not always accurate. They're difficult to deprogram from your brain because your brain doesn't always know the context, it just remembers a pattern.


Question: Why are colder countries generally more advanced and developed than warmer countries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are colder countries generally more advanced and developed than warmer countries?

What makes you say that? America and China are not particularly cold. I would call Italy one of the most technologically advanced countries throughout history (particularly 1400-1700) and it’s very warm. So is the Middle East and it led the world technologically from 1000-1400. Literally just northern Europe fits this idea.


Question: If a grain of sand represented the earth, what item would represent the universe and how do you do such calculations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a grain of sand represented the earth, what item would represent the universe and how do you do such calculations?

It's pretty straight forward math....using some estimates, the observable universe is estimated to be ~93 billion light years in diameter but it's still growing. Light years are roughly 6 trillion miles. So 93 billion * 6 trillion miles gives you 558e+21 miles - or, 558 followed by 21 zeroes. A grain of sand can vary quite a bit, but a fair average is about 1mm wide (it can be anywhere from about 0.06mm to 2mm). So if the Earth, at it's equator is 7,917.5 mi, and that represents 1mm. That means the diameter of the universe converts to about 70,476,791,916,640,353,647mm, which is about 50,605,231 *times* the diameter of the sun. So if the Earth is represented by a single grain of sand, the *observable* universe would still be about 50 million times the diameter of the sun.


Question: () Howcome radioactivity and DNA mutations are only bad?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 () Howcome radioactivity and DNA mutations are only bad?

Let's say I went to your computer right now and opened a document you're working on (like a Reddit post, an essay if you're in school, or an email message to your boss), and I randomly changed a letter. The vast majority of time, it would look like a typo. It'd be no big deal, someone might notice but it'd be obvious what you meant. Every once in a while, it might actually change the meaning. If so, it almost always does so in a bad way, like if you ordered 10 batteries it changed your order to 90 batteries - or if you invited someone to a "black party" instead of a "block party". A well-placed typo could cause you to lose money or lose friends. What are the chances that a typo actually improves your document? Sure, it's theoretically possible, but it'd be super rare! Radiation is like that. A bit of radiation hits one cell and damages some DNA. The vast majority of the time, the result is nonsensical so nothing bad happens. Sometimes something bad happens, but your body catches it and kills the cell. But the more radiation, the bigger the chances you get a bad mutation. It turns out that there are lots of ways to mutate your DNA to cause lots of extra growth. It's kind of like changing the order from 10 batteries to 90 batteries. So if you keep damaging DNA, there's a greater and greater chance that you'll damage it in such a way that starts causing uncontrolled growth, which we call cancer. Is there a chance a random mutation could give you superpowers? Sure, it's possible, but just billions and billions of times less likely than you getting cancer.


Question: Why can't eyes be replaced/repaired like most other organs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't eyes be replaced/repaired like most other organs?

You can have lens/cornea transplant now, but the main reason why an entire eye transplant isn't possible is the optic nerve. It's s big bundle of nerves at the back of the eye that sends all the visual input to the brain, and it's suuuper complicated. You would have to line up each and every nerve perfectly individually, which just isn't possible with today's medical science. If we tried, it would likely result in the brain getting a random unintelligible mess of input from the new eyes, making you blind anyway.


Question: Why is there so many languages existing, spawning, and dying in Papua New Guinea?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there so many languages existing, spawning, and dying in Papua New Guinea?

There are an estimated 8 million people in Papa New Guinea who live in small jungle villages of no more than a few hundred people. Those villages exist in a minimally contacted state - they've never been formally surveyed, there are no roads leading to them, and there is no official communication with anyone living in them. Each of those villages has its own culture and language. That doesn't mean that the languages are completely unintelligible to one another. Its more of a language gradient - someone from the Northwest of the country won't be able to understand someone from the Southeast. But that same person wouldn't have a problem with someone from an adjacent village and would be able to communicate, albeit with difficulty, with someone living 50 miles away. Under these conditions defining a distinct language is pretty difficult, but there are probably hundreds to thousands of them. The country is currently urbanizing. This means that people are abandoning those villages and moving to the cities. When they move into the cities they learn to speak a pigdin language that is a sort of mix of the major indigenous languages in the country. If a village empties out into an urban area and the village's residents start speaking pigdin and you defined the language that the village previously spoke as being a distinct language then at that point the language dies off.


Question: How can USB 3.0 be faster than USB 2.0?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can USB 3.0 be faster than USB 2.0?

There's more than one reason, but a key difference is half-duplex vs full duplex. Imagine having a conversation with someone where you speak, then they speak while you listen. That is half-duplex. Now imagine having a conversation where both of you are speaking and listening simultaneously (over the top of each other), with both of you understanding completely. That is asynchronous communication - far more efficient. There are more wires used in 3.x connections. More wires in the cable means methods for noise immunity will let you send bits faster without losing bits along the way. Tradeoff is that you can't have cables as long.


Question: What the hell is virtue signalling?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What the hell is virtue signalling?

It's basically calling out bad behavior or social injustice *not* because you are personally concerned about fixing it, but because you know that a lot of people hate that behavior and by speaking out against it you will gain a positive reputation/feedback. And at the same time you're not really doing much about it yourself, maybe drawing attention to it but because everyone already hates it you're not changing many minds.


Question: What is a Fractional Reserve?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a Fractional Reserve?

> What is a Fractional Reserve? A bank takes in deposits, then turns around and loans some of that money to other people for profit. The fractional reserve is the fraction of deposits the bank is required to keep on hand for if people want to withdraw their money. For example a bank might take in $100 million in deposits and loan out $70 million to collect interest. They are required to keep 30% of the deposits on hand so that some people can take their money out when they want, and that is the "fractional reserve".


Question: how did they create the second law of thermodynamics? Did they just go “it’s never happened before, so it won’t happen in the future”?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how did they create the second law of thermodynamics? Did they just go “it’s never happened before, so it won’t happen in the future”?

Scientific laws are at their core based on observation. It is observed that the universe tends to obey the same laws over time and in every location, and that general observation becomes an assumption for the future. This is why science is always open to new data and modifying current understanding. If a theory predicts certain behaviors based on past observations it is founded on the assumption that the universe will behave tomorrow like it is behaving today. Of course it might not. We could end up with an entirely different set of natural law tomorrow and be back to square one if we exist at all. But it has worked out for us so far.


Question: Why is it better for Lithium-ion batteries to be charged after a partial discharge and not a full discharge, unlike the Nickel-based batteries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it better for Lithium-ion batteries to be charged after a partial discharge and not a full discharge, unlike the Nickel-based batteries?

It's essentially just due to different chemistries and material interactions. Lithium-based batteries generally suffer damage from deep discharge, so it's not recommended to let them get to low. Nickel-based batteries are kind of the opposite, such that doing a full discharge and recharge serves to heal the battery a little. The specific reasons behind why the lithium-based batteries are damaged varies between their various chemistries (there are dozens of main mixes, and that's even before you get to lithium-titanate batteries).


Question: Why when you learn a new word you suddenly see it used all the time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why when you learn a new word you suddenly see it used all the time?

It's called the Baader-Meinhof phenomenon. It happens with band-names, artists and types of food too. Our attention is quite selective and we tend to subconsciously ignore things we don't understand. After we learn it we have confirmation bias where it seems that something we've just learned about is all of a sudden quite common. Sometimes it is but more often it's just that we previously weren't paying attention. There's more about it [here]( URL_0 )


Question: Why is drug trafficking a thing, when you can just produce at destination?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is drug trafficking a thing, when you can just produce at destination?

You can't just produce at your destination. It takes dozens of kilos of coca leaf to produce a gram of cocaine. Coca only grows in certain mountainous climates and you can only get away with it in poor countries that have weak (or easily bribed) law enforcement. It's far easier to smuggle a few bricks of concentrated cocaine than the multiple truckloads of coca leaves that would make them up. Similarly, it takes acres of poppies to produce a kilo of heroin. [If you've ever seen a poppy field in bloom]( URL_0 ), you'll realize that those are going to catch the eye of any cop/DEA agent bothering to fly over your county. Marijuana it's about 50/50. While you can rely on small-scale home grows of a dozen or so plants (as we do in much of the US), but if you're in a lawless country (eg - North Africa), you can grow entire fields and reduce it down to hashish which takes up tiny fraction of the space and is much easier (and less smelly) to transport across international lines (...into Europe). Meth's another one that's split. Getting your raw materials & lab space is still easier in poor lawless countries than it is in a developed nation.


Question: On a molecular level, why does the smell of burning smoke 'stick' much more than that of a vapor?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 On a molecular level, why does the smell of burning smoke 'stick' much more than that of a vapor?

The burned ash particles are much smaller than the usual stuff, so they fill up all incremental cracks and gaps, so they stick longer smell more, like sand in the beach it will be all over your body.


Question: How do people who have difficulty hearing/can't hear interpret messages from "Tones for the Hearing Impaired?"

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do people who have difficulty hearing/can't hear interpret messages from "Tones for the Hearing Impaired?"

> How do people who have difficulty hearing/can't hear interpret messages from "Tones for the Hearing Impaired?" They don't. The [TDD]( URL_0 ) device attached to their phone does. The tones are encoded text that shows up on a deaf person's TDD machine, to allow them to use phone menus. If they need to talk to an actual person, they'll be connected to a special operator who has a TDD on their end, too, to allow them to type to each other by sending tones over the phone line.


Question: When kicking a ball, how are we able to judge the power, curve, and dip required to hit a target in a split second?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When kicking a ball, how are we able to judge the power, curve, and dip required to hit a target in a split second?

by muscle memory that comes from practicepracticepractice. if it's the first time you're kicking a ball with no reference, then you'll suck at hitting the target. after doing it over and over again, each time learning from the previous time, you get to start approximating how to kick it and how to hard to kick it.


Question: Why were the the bodies of those who died of a fatal dose of radiation at the Chernobyl disaster still considered toxic and buried in Zinc lined coffins?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why were the the bodies of those who died of a fatal dose of radiation at the Chernobyl disaster still considered toxic and buried in Zinc lined coffins?

Two things. First, they probably got radioactive material from the accident site all over themselves. It's not just radiation that's escaping, it's also actual physical radioactive material that can contaminate body and clothes. This what they mean by nuclear fallout. So it's not like a bullet-riddled body, but more like a gun-riddled body, and those guns still shoot occasionally. Second, one specific kind of radiation, neutron radiation, can actually make materials it hits radioactive. Neutron radiation is produced in nuclear reactors, and although it's hard to say whether it'd be still produced after the meltdown, it depends, it's possible that they were exposed to it. Then it'd be more like bullet fragments inside a body growing into loaded guns. Those analogies were unexpectedly gross.


Question: if you do use a single can of paint to coat a room, is it the equivalent of shrinking the volume of the room by the size of the inside of the can?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if you do use a single can of paint to coat a room, is it the equivalent of shrinking the volume of the room by the size of the inside of the can?

Yes, maybe depending on how the paint reacts. It may be more if it swells while drying or less if there is something that will evaporate out like water leaving it less than the original volume. Assuming that the act of drying doesn't make the paint thicker/thinner it would be as you say.


Question: why don’t companies do their sensitive work on computers that are not connected to the internet, and therefore unhackable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why don’t companies do their sensitive work on computers that are not connected to the internet, and therefore unhackable?

They do. But then you lose all the advantages of having networked computers. It slows things down. Now if you need information from another department, you have to get it the old fashioned way, sneaker-net style.


Question: Can someone explain to me how the Double-entry accounting system works?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can someone explain to me how the Double-entry accounting system works?

In the double-entry system, transactions are recorded in terms of debits and credits. Since a debit in one account offsets a credit in another, the sum of all debits must equal the sum of all credits. This makes it easier to detect errors.


Question: How is it that scientists were able to completely eradicate smallpox, but they cant do that with other diseases?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it that scientists were able to completely eradicate smallpox, but they cant do that with other diseases?

There's several factors: Smallpox only had a couple of strains to worry about and the vaccine worked against both. The vaccine was cheap and really easy to produce. The vaccine itself was infectious, which helped spread immunity. Smallpox is such a nasty disease that many countries already had vaccination programmes or even compulsory vaccination, making it easier for so many countries to agree to the massive eradication effort. The fact that there aren't really any other diseases which have pushed us to such effort is probably a good thing!


Question: So what exactly IS Separation of Church and State?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 So what exactly IS Separation of Church and State?

> all generally saying that the wording is vague in the actual document It is vague because of separation of church and state is a principle, not an explicit law. The closest thing to law in the US is the 1st Amendment that prevents the government from endorsing a religion. > It means the government can't enforce/endorse any religion and no religion can control the government This is probably the closest to what the 1st Amendment says. Note that some people believe it only applies to different forms of Christianity or belief in gods, and not theistic beliefs are not covered. > The government can't endorse the church but the church can influence the government This is where a lot of people get confused. Most churches are also non-profit organizations and must follow the rules of non-profits in order to qualify for the tax exemptions. Many of those rules limit political activity. Churches are free to try to influence the government as much as the like, they would just lose their non-profit status. > Churches are allowed to do whatever and the government can't stop them Only to the same degree as any other organization. Most of a church's special status comes from being a non-profit and are things any non-profits can do as well. Legally speaking, there is almost no difference between a church and the Kiwanis or an archery club, they follow most of the same rules for non-profits. Discrimination laws are often applied more loosely to non-profits, because their mission is often affiliated with a specific group. The Sons of Norway are allowed to reject non-Norwegians, becasue that is what they are all about. Any religiously affiliated group can claim the entirity of their religion to be part of their mission, and use that as the basis of discrimination. But again, that is about being a non-profit, not a religious organization.


Question: Why do red and blue colors on flat surfaces vary in perceived distance and create that 3D effect?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do red and blue colors on flat surfaces vary in perceived distance and create that 3D effect?

We chose red and blue. You can use any two opposite colors. The idea is to have glasses that pass only one of the two colors. Each lens shows a different image, slightly offset, just like the two of your eyes produce two offset images. The brain then analyzes the images, compared them, calculates distance, and gives you a sense of depth.


Question: Why is dedicated graphics memory better than system shared memory?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is dedicated graphics memory better than system shared memory?

Let's say you're the CPU, and I'm a program (let's be honest, game). I ask you to tell me where this guys, and that guy, and those items, how they're moving, what they're doing... All of that stuff are things that you have to calculate based on previous states, and new input. Now, I ask you to also draw all of that, keeping in mind that there's light there, there and there, and what can the player see then? As you can imagine, that's a lot to keep track of. And you're ok at everything, since you are a generalist, but drawing still takes a lot of time for an ok result. So instead, you get a new guy on board. His job is to draw the stuff I ask you to draw. He's good at it, he's been trained to do so, and he's fast. So you'll get better pictures faster.


Question: How do smartphones know how to rotate correctly when "Auto-Rotate" is enabled?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do smartphones know how to rotate correctly when "Auto-Rotate" is enabled?

There's a tiny weight suspended in springs inside your phone, it can measure where the weight is. This weight and measuring thingy is called an accelerometer, because it can only measure acceleration, gravity for example.


Question: -What happens to insects that get trapped into cars on road trips?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 -What happens to insects that get trapped into cars on road trips?

Depends on the type of insect. Insects that live in a colony like ants or bees? They’ll probably die after losing their hone/colony. Insects that don’t, like flies/wasps (I know some kinds of wasps do live in big nests but some can also just venture out on their own) they’ll probably just live a normal life assuming they can find food and other bugs of their same kind to mate with, and assuming that the climate isn’t too much different. (If you drove form a decently warm place like Florida in the winter, all the way to Vermont where it’s really cold in the winter, the cold would kill it.)


Question: How do we know what position to switch to when sleeping?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know what position to switch to when sleeping?

We dont. We move about and try different positions until we get comfortable. Every night wont always result in the same end position due what we have done to our bodies and any aches and pains we might be suffering. And as we sleep one position may be more comfortable at first but as our bodies relax and unwind, a new position may be required.


Question: How is it that some shows such as Underworld Inc, film people performing highly illegal activities without repercussion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it that some shows such as Underworld Inc, film people performing highly illegal activities without repercussion?

Filming a crime isn't illegal. Generally the identities of the people actually committing the crimes are obscured, or no real crimes are committed and scenes are simply dramatized for TV.


Question: If someone consumes toxic substances or has an overdose, how do you know whether to call poison control or just call an ambulance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If someone consumes toxic substances or has an overdose, how do you know whether to call poison control or just call an ambulance?

Is the person conscious? Breathing? Vomiting? Etc. if the person is in distress always call 911. If the person is sitting there happily then call poison control.


Question: why so many firefighters and paramedics who handled the 9/11 crisis got cancer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why so many firefighters and paramedics who handled the 9/11 crisis got cancer?

They spent a long time, some many months, at ground zero. They were covered with, and breathed in, toxic chemicals, dust, ash, etc. Such exposure increases the risk of many cancers. First responders have a risk of lung and kidney cancers, among other health concerns.


Question: Why is the definition of extraordinary something unusual when it's spelled like extra ordinary?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the definition of extraordinary something unusual when it's spelled like extra ordinary?

"Extra-" when used as a prefix means "outside of," not additional. E.g. "extraterrestrial" means "from *outside* of earth." Extracurricular means "outside of the standard curriculum." Therefore, extraordinary means "outside of the ordinary."


Question: Is there perfect amount of mold on blue cheese, or any amount is fine? Is it possible for it to grow too much mold, to point where it is spoiled, or is drying too much only way for it to spoil?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there perfect amount of mold on blue cheese, or any amount is fine? Is it possible for it to grow too much mold, to point where it is spoiled, or is drying too much only way for it to spoil?

There is a perfect, or at least a range of mold that is good for the cheese (for human taste). Also only some kind of molds are tasty and safe for us. Some other are not tasty and dangerous.Yes, if the cheese maker is letting too much mold growing in the cheese, it will spoil. The cave, temperature, moisture, everything is under control. Cheese making is a science, they have to do frequent [cheese coring]( URL_0 ) to check the mold growing. I remember finding one core hole in my Roquefort one day.  Source: I am French & #x200B; Edit: Guys, I have never said \*Sacre bleu\* in my life, nor heard another French saying it. The first time I heard this was in the USA. Where is this one coming from? Fellow French Canadians maybe? A movie?


Question: why do people care about the difference between shaken and stirred?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do people care about the difference between shaken and stirred?

Without getting into personal opinions, which are subjective, there's a difference between shaking and stirring. Shaking agitates the ice in the drink more, which causes it to melt faster. This results in a colder, more diluted drink. It also introduces air into the drink, which can make it frothier or fizzier, especially if there's something in there like dairy or egg. Stirring mixes the ingredients together in a calmer manner, so less ice melts and air isn't introduced. Stirring results in a slightly warmer, but less diluted drink without foam or froth. For most drinks that are just liquor and mixers, you probably want to stir so you don't dilute them (they'll still be pretty cold). For most drinks that involve dairy or egg or are supposed to be light and frothy, you'll want to shake to aerate them. For drinks that you want to be really cold and don't mind if they get diluted some (e.g., a martini for some people), you can also shake.


Question: Why is the internet slow in space stations if they're right next to satellites?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the internet slow in space stations if they're right next to satellites?

Most of the internet doesn't pass through satellites. I'm not sure why being close to unrelated hardware is relevant. Most satellites point their transmitters and receivers at the ground. Being in space they may not be able to reach them at all.


Question: Why does water steam way more when you turn the burner off when it's near boiling?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does water steam way more when you turn the burner off when it's near boiling?

Steam is colorless and invisible. You can't see it. When you see "steam" that's actually water vapor condensing from a gas to tiny particles of liquid. It's like fog on a cold day. As the water gets cooler, more of it can get cold and condense. When the water is hotter, it dissipates before it can condense into a visible ball.


Question: What’s the likeliest scenario for rarely flossing your teeth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s the likeliest scenario for rarely flossing your teeth?

There’s debate over whether flossing does anything. The evidence supporting it is very flimsy. It’s a very American thing. I’ve personally never flossed and I’ve never had dental problems.


Question: Scars are side effect of healing, right? In what circumstances can they appear without wound?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Scars are side effect of healing, right? In what circumstances can they appear without wound?

Stretch marks from weight gain or loss could be considered scars. Weight loss or gain wouldn’t be considered an injury, per se. If that is satisfactory.


Question: What has caused this sudden surge of non standard online mattress companies in recent years? (Ex: ghost bed, purple, leesa)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
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</answer>
 What has caused this sudden surge of non standard online mattress companies in recent years? (Ex: ghost bed, purple, leesa)

Because mattress sales are a very, very high margin business and you can produce a 'good enough' mattress for a much lower price and ship it compressed in a roll. In other words it's the perfect business for a tech company to 'disrupt' and undercut with online orders. You ever wonder why sometimes there will be two Mattress Firms across the street from eachother? Or three different mattress stores in the same shopping center? It's because they only have to sell *ONE* mattress a week to stay in business. They'll sell a 3000$ mattress and make a 2500$ profit on it which pays for the salesman and the building. And people think they actually need these mattresses, partly because of the heavy advertising and/or fear of making an incorrect large purchase. Now you can make a cheap, 'good enough' mattress for maybe 25$ in a Chinese factory, and they've recently invented rolling machines that can super-compress these mattresses for shipping at a reasonable cost. So even if you only sell it for 200$ you're still making a lot of money. Soon we'll probably see some of these online retailers move into physical stores and undercutting the Mattress Firms of the world.


Question: If every distance (in theory) can be halved, regardless of how microscopic, how does anything physically touch anything else?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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 If every distance (in theory) can be halved, regardless of how microscopic, how does anything physically touch anything else?

As other comments have pointed out, on an atomic level, you can't actually touch something, as electrons will always try to repel each other. So let's loosen our definition of touch to the idea of two surfaces making contact, just so that we can ignore these atomic effects. We'll also assume that if the distance between two surfaces is 0, they're touching, and if it's greater than 0, they're not (no negative distances) Now we can approach the actual question of halving distances. With these premises, you can keep getting closer to the object you want to touch without touching it, but these kinds of problems (akin to Zeno's Paradox) always forget about time. If you go to poke the wall, and you keep your hand moving at the same speed, then each time you move your hand halfway towards the wall, it will take half the time to cover that distance. Let's say it takes time T to move your hand halfway to the wall the first time. The second time, your hand is moving half the distance, so it takes half the time T/2 The next time it takes half the time again, T/4 Then T/8, T/16 etc If we add up all these values, T + T/2 + T/4 + T/8 +... infinitely, we get what mathematicians call a geometric series, and the answer is equal to 2*T. So after 2T time has passed, we will have done all of the infinitely many distance halves, and if we've done all of them, then we must be at distance zero (where we can't get any closer), so we're touching the wall. Since time is always passing, we know that 2T time will eventually pass, so we will eventually touch the wall. In short, philosophical problems often don't deal with infinity that well. If infinity's involved, resort to pure maths.


Question: What physically happens in our brains when we forget something?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
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 What physically happens in our brains when we forget something?

Not sure if entirely correct or not, but basically, when you remember something, there's a link (or probably many) in your brain that fires and becomes stronger. So, when you don't use it, it doesn't become stronger, then it starts getting weaker, and eventually it becomes so weak that it's extremely difficult to use at all, and that's forgetting.


Question: Do we age slower because of earth´s speed?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
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</answer>
 Do we age slower because of earth´s speed?

No. I think you misunderstand special relativistic time dilation a bit. By explaining time dilation, your question should be answered I believe. What time dilation is not: --- In order to explain time dilation, let me fist explain what it is **not**. A popular, but entirely wrong notion of time dilation states, that time passes slower the faster you move. A quick examination of this claim, however, reveals that it cannot be true. There is no absolute velocity, so velocity only makes sense with respect to a frame of reference. That means, velocity only makes sense if we state relative to what we are measuring. Thus, if this version of time dilation were true, time on your spaceship would magically speed up and slow down depending on the frame of reference you measure your spaceship's velocity against. Thus, the statement that the rate at which time passes depends on your velocity (relative to an arbitrary frame of reference) cannot be true. Now, let's get started with actual time dilation: Why does time dilation happen? --- To understand how time dilation can happen, let's consider the following thought experiment: A clock is any object that does an action periodically. As such, a light beam bouncing off two mirrors can be considered a clock, with each period of the photon bouncing up and down again being one tick. Let's now consider a train with such a clock in one of the compartments, as seen [here]( URL_0 ). Imagine a person in a resting train with a flashlight. They shine the beam of the flashlight to the ceiling of the carriage and time how long it takes to return to them. Very simply it is just the distance the light travels (twice the height of the carriage (d)) divided by the speed of light (c). Someone on the embankment by the train will also agree with the measurement of the time that the light beam takes to get back to the person with the torch after reflecting from the mirror. They will both say that the time (t) is 2d/c. Now consider what happens as the train moves at a constant speed along the track. The person in the train still considers that the light has gone from the torch, straight across the carriage and returned to them. It has still traveled a distance of 2d and if the speed of light is c the time (t) it has taken is 2d/c. However to the person on the embankment this is not the case. For them, the train has been moving during a tick of the clock, and the photon has to travel a longer distance accordingly. Instead of a straight vertical path up and down, the photon now follows a triangular path, like [this]( URL_2 ). As we know, the beams of a triangle are longer than the straight line, so the photon now has to travel a longer path. Now in classical physics, pre relativity, we would now say that since the light beam has moved further in the same time it must be moving faster, in other words we have to "add" the speed of the train to the speed of the light. But the theory of relativity does not allow us to do this. It says that the speed of light is constant. Thus, the photon will take longer to reach its destination from the point of view of the observer on the embankment. Hence we know that it takes the photon longer to complete this journey from the point of view of the observer on the embankment than it does from the point of view of an observer resting in the train. And we know that the time it takes the photon to complete its journey up and down again corresponds to one tick of a clock. Thus, it follows logically that the observer on the embankment sees clocks on the moving train as ticking slower than someone resting in the train. Which is exactly what special relativity is all about. The twin paradox: --- One of the central claims in special relativity is, that all inertial frames of reference are equally valid to describe a phenomenon. That is, the laws of physics are the same in all frames of reference that are not being accelerated. This is called the equivalence principle. Consider an inertial frame of reference I and another inertial frame of reference I' that moves at a constant velocity v relative to I. Time dilation states, that an observer O resting in I will measure clocks resting in I' as ticking slower than their own clocks. According to the equivalence principle, the same statement has to be true for an observer O' resting in I' as well, since they are both in inertial frames of reference. Thus, the observer O' resting in I' sees clocks resting in I as ticking slower than their own. **Time dilation is a symmetrical effect. Both observers see clocks in the other observer's frame of reference as ticking slower.** "But wait", you might interject at this point, "what about the [twin paradox]( URL_1 ). The twin making a trip to space ages less than the twin remaining on earth. Doesn't that contradict what you are saying?" While that seems true on the first glance, this is actually not a contradiction. In order for the twin paradox to work, the twin traveling in the space ship has to return to earth. In order to do that, he has to change direction at some point. This change in direction implies acceleration, and acceleration breaks the symmetry of the problem. Remember, that we stated that all *inertial* (un-acclerated) frames of reference are equal. By accelerating, the space traveling twin breaks the symmetry of the equivalence principle, thus leading to the observable difference in passed time.


Question: how do boxtops fund education?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do boxtops fund education?

School collects box tops & sends them to the company. The company sends the school money. The idea is that people will buy more products from the company if they know it'll help the local schools. It's just an advertising campaign.


Question: Since I assume hacking/DDoS attacks are illegal, how have groups such as Anonymous and Our mine not been discovered and arrested?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
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 Since I assume hacking/DDoS attacks are illegal, how have groups such as Anonymous and Our mine not been discovered and arrested?

It helps that Anonymous isn't a group. It's just a name that some hackers and a lot of neckbeards operate under whenever they're doing things. Individuals definitely get arrested but you can't arrest everyone who calls themselves Anonymous, only the ones who do something illegal and get caught.


Question: how/why did the market crash in 08' happen? Will it happen again in the future?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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 how/why did the market crash in 08' happen? Will it happen again in the future?

There were a lot of contributors but the two biggest ones were a spike in mortgage defaults (people not paying) and a seizure of credit (people unable to borrow money). The two combined in a self-reinforcing way to basically paralyze or destroy large portions of the financial system. In the runup to 2008, it was \*really\* easy to get a mortgage. Interest rates were low, real estate was hot, people were making loans like crazy. As a result, a lot of people got mortgages that probably shouldn't have, or were one missed paycheque away from not paying. Banks aren't totally stupid, they tried to protect against this risk by pooling mortgages into various exotic securities that basically said, "Yes, some of these loans might default but they won't \*all\* default, so if we pool them then everybody will be OK and if it all goes totally sideways we can always sell the houses because real estate is local and it never drops all over the country all at once." And they bought insurance against even that possibility, sold by big insurance companies like AIG. And the credit rating agencies said "These are really secure loans, they're low risk" so the insurance was cheap. Several large investment banks went all in on this idea, and made lots of money. Temporarily. Then the economy slowed down a bit and some people started to default on their mortgages. The banks started looking more closely and realized that those "secure" loans maybe weren't...maybe not at all. The credit rating agencies had grossly understated the default risk. They were all holding all these assets but nobody knew what they were really worth because the risk assessment was clearly way off, so nobody was sure if any particular bank had a really solid portfolio or one about to come apart tomorrow. So they stopped lending to each other, because they weren't sure if they'd get paid back. A few investment banks ran out of cash as a result, and collapsed (Lehman, Bear Sterns), which freaked everyone else out. Banks with insurance against defaults called on their insurance to pay out, but AIG had way overissued the insurance and not kept enough assets to cover it...they went down. The banks that had issued dodgy mortgages (notably WaMu) went down. Enter basically wholesale panic...no bank trusted any other. Nobody could get insurance. Nobody could get a loan, so real estate sales and values began to fall...remember that part about "real estate never drops all at once"? It did...so everybody was staring at debts way in excess of assets (of totally unknown value) and nobody would loan anybody money to help them cover gaps, so cash basically locked up across large portions of the economy.


Question: why haven't we found a way to turn ocean water into drinking water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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 why haven't we found a way to turn ocean water into drinking water?

we have many different desalination and water purification methods exist in terms of getting solutions to low drinkable water areas comes down to money


Question: why can't 32 bit or 64 bit Windows run 16 but apps?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why can't 32 bit or 64 bit Windows run 16 but apps?

The difference isn't so much in the "number of bits", but rather in the fact that 16 bit apps are old and are designed for an entirely different runtime and file format and they require a completely different set of dependencies. They're now known as "16 bit", but the reality is the operating system's kernel was completely different at the time, and the apps were designed for that particular kernel.


Question: How do suicide rates in the past few centuries compare to today?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
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 How do suicide rates in the past few centuries compare to today?

We simply cannot know. That information was not well documented. Most of the death records that we have from before the 1900s is from Church burial records. Since those who commit suicide were not allowed to have a funeral on Church grounds or to be buried on Church ground there was seldom a record for them. We have some records from other sources such as troop records from war, or criminal records regarding prisoners but those also get very sparse prior to the 1800s or so.


Question: why is it so easy to give others advice but hard to listen to our own?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
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 why is it so easy to give others advice but hard to listen to our own?

This has actually been researched in social psychology. The basic answer is that when you give advice, you solve a simpler problem than the one the person actually faces. This was studied through judgment and decision making research. When you give advice to someone else, you pick one most important feature of the problem and solve that. E.g., let's say your friend is in an abusive relationship: you pick safety, weigh that at 100% importance, tell them to leave their partner and call it a day. But when you're actually in a situation, it's not that easy. Sure, they value their own safety. But they also place a value on their bond that took time and effort. And there's the issue of rent/housing (assume they live together); having to move and stuff is costly. You may think that stuff is not a good way to think or not important, but again, that's a luxury of being outside the problem: you give 100% weight to one judgment feature. As soon as it's your problem, you weigh many more features in a more complex math. This is also why self distancing can be a good strategy to solve your own problems. Self distancing is what it sounds like: ask yourself what advice you'd give to solve your problem if it was your friend who had that problem. Anyway, sometimes the advice giver is being unrealistic in how simple they're making the problem, sometimes they're focusing on the issue that's most important. Context matters. Edit for source since some people were curious. my response was primarily based on Kray and Gonzalez (1999), but I also included two other interesting articles. Kray, L., & Gonzalez, R. (1999). Differential weighting in choice versus advice: I’ll do this, you do that. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,12,207–217. Lu, Jingyi, Xiaofei Xie, and Jingzhe Xu. Desirability or feasibility: Self–other decision-making differences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 39.2 (2013): 144-155. Ubel, P. A., Angott, A. M., & Zikmund-Fisher, B. J. (2011). Physicians Recommend Different Treatments for Patients Than They Would Choose for Themselves. Archives of internal medicine, 171(7).


Question: Rainbows. How come Rainbows appear to stay in place as you move unlike other light reflections? How can they be seen from different perspectives and look the same?

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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Rainbows. How come Rainbows appear to stay in place as you move unlike other light reflections? How can they be seen from different perspectives and look the same?

Rainbows are always directly opposite the sun. The sun is pretty stationary and you can walk, run or drive as fast as you can without the sun seeming to move relatively to you. If you make a rainbow with a light source other than the sun, you will be able to see it looks less stationary.


Question: why there’s an equal chance of rolling a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 - despite there being anywhere from 1 -6 dimples on a side? Doesn’t physics/aerodynamics suggest that fewer dimples = greater weight = less likely to land facing up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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[Your final answer goes here]
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 why there’s an equal chance of rolling a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 - despite there being anywhere from 1 -6 dimples on a side? Doesn’t physics/aerodynamics suggest that fewer dimples = greater weight = less likely to land facing up?

In theory your are correct - between the 1 and 6 face on a spotted die, the 6 face will be slightly lighter due to the fact more material has been removed to form the spots, so the die should have a slight bias to the 6 face (as the heavier 1 face will fall to the bottom). You could alter the size of the spots and the depth they have been drilled to and even this out to create a fair die, and model the centre of gravity within the die b to ensure it is perfectly central and not thrown off centre by the distribution of the spots or other factors. In reality, with a normal die there is a margin of error - the tolerances of the production mean that any theoretical imbalance caused by the weight of the spots is completely overshadowed by the variability of the manufacture. The dice are still more than random enough to fulfill their job playing most games however, as a slight bias generally won't be particularly obvious unless you are documenting your rolls. Playing monopoly won't be specific and intensive enough use to ever support much of a difference. You may however find people who do a lot of dice based games like D & D having lucky sets of dice - often superstitious, but sometimes based on noting a trend in the rolls... The one place we do demand precision however, is in gambling, so the dice used by casinos are made to a very specific set of tolerances and specifications to ensure they are completely fair - here, when they drill the faces to form the spots, the holes are then refilled with a coloured (white) version of the same material. So any weight removed is then replaced exactly and the weight remains the same and the die fair. Alongside that they are also made to a thousandth inch precision, sharp edged so damage can be more readily spotted (requiring them to be rolled in a specific way - bounced off the opposite side of a pit to ensure they roll enough), and always translucent so any bubbles, imperfections or human tampering can be spotted A level of precision that is pointless (and the sharp edges are actually detrimental rolling on a normal table) when playing snakes and ladders, and mass produced, terrible quality dice will still be random enough, but necessary when you are potentially talking about very large sums of money being gambled.