Question: - In regards to the food chain, are humans without weapons considered predators, gatherers or something else?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - In regards to the food chain, are humans without weapons considered predators, gatherers or something else?

We evolved as herbivored that first did fruit stuff in trees, but were forced to the ground and forced to change our diets to omnivory when some dry climates started killing the trees we were living in. Our earliest ancestors were really eating whatever they could find, but since they didn’t really have the raw power or claws or teeth to hunt, most of the meat was scavenged. Only after a while of that did we find out that tools and fire could help make the most of what food we had, and then with better tools we could hunt our own food consistently. So we’d basically just turn into big raccoons, just eating whatever we can get our hands on


Question: how does the brain distinquish between happy, sad or angry music/sounds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does the brain distinquish between happy, sad or angry music/sounds?

Yes, music can sound sad without any words or direct associations. Most music is founded in the sounds of language. That's why it's so expressive. So a piece that sounds like someone saying something sad might make you feel that way. The purpose of music is generally to share ideas and emotions that are hard to capture in words. An "angry" piece might have harsh, jagged sounds, like someone yelling. It might be especially loud or intense, whereas a "sad" song is often slower, following speech patterns of someone who's having a rough time. There's actually a relatively new area of science studying the brains reactions to music and music therapy is also a pretty big thing because this effect can be POWERFUL. Hope that helps!


Question: What happens in your ears when you "pop" them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens in your ears when you "pop" them?

It opens up the eustachian tube which connects the middle ear and the larynx. This allows the pressure behind your eardrums to equalise with the environmental pressure, which makes transmission of sound clearer.


Question: What do americans mean when they say they have to "do their taxes" what taxes are you doing? What do you mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What do americans mean when they say they have to "do their taxes" what taxes are you doing? What do you mean?

In the U.S., we have to file our taxes to our federal and state governments every year before April 15th (barring any extensions). By February, your employers and banks (and investment companies, and retirement funds, etc). will have sent you a variety of paperwork that shows how much income you have from a variety of sources. If you received a retirement disbursement, you fill out a form for that. If you received an income from your employer, you fill out a form for that. If you received income for freelance work, you fill out a form for that. If you received estate income, you fill out a form for that. And so on. You take all of that data and enter it in on the appropriate forms for the federal government, where it goes to the IRS. Once you've done that, then you file your state taxes, which are a little different, but are mostly based on what you filed to the IRS. Basically, it's a ridiculously complex process at times that requires significant amounts of time and paperwork.


Question: Why do we see lines of light (like street lights, headlights) when we squint in dark?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we see lines of light (like street lights, headlights) when we squint in dark?

It's a natural optical phenomena based on how lenses focus light. The size of the beam of light going through the lens determines the size of the focused spot. Think of it as many people searching in the forest for a lost child. A single person searching can hear the lost child's cries but it is difficult to figure out exactly where its coming from. It may be in a certain direction but how far? If there are multiple people surrounding where the lost child is (wider beam of light), the additional directional information from many people allows them to narrowly pinpoint the area where the cries are coming from. When you squint, you narrow the vertical pupil of your eye but keep the horizontal pupil the same size. This is like a rotated version of a cat's narrow pupils. The light beam narrows vertically so the spot you see widens in the vertical direction. The horizontal light beam is the same so horizontally, the spot remains the same. This effect creates the vertical "lines" that you see.


Question: Is marijuana before the age of 25 really capable of having permanent effects on developing brains?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is marijuana before the age of 25 really capable of having permanent effects on developing brains?

Marijuana (see also, drugs in general) work by interrupting the normal function of your brain to change the way you experience things. While you're younger and the brain is still developing, not all the functions and pathways have had a chance to fully deveop and become as strong as they will be. By taking drugs during this development stage, you can potentially cause some neural pathways to be altered in ways they wouldn't normally be, due to the effects of the drugs. Once the brain has calmed down a bit at around 25 and is doing less developing, it's harder to make lasting impacts with drugs because more of the pathways have had the time to be really set in stone. So. Yes. It's also why we have age restrictions on many legal drugs like alcohol, or requiring a doctor's prescription for many others.


Question: When we begin to mine asteroids for their resources, how will scientists know which ones to mine?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When we begin to mine asteroids for their resources, how will scientists know which ones to mine?

You’re looking for metallic asteroids - fragments of long-destroyed proto-planetary cores made almost entirely of metals. They’re the rarest type of asteroid because it takes a very specific series of events to create them. To spot them you have to combine spectral data (their surface has lots of iron and little silicon or carbon) and density measurements. Other asteroids are rock, carbon, and ice and are considerably less dense than a brick of solid metal. A metal-rich asteroid will have unusually high gravity for its size, indicating that it’s extremely dense.


Question: On statistical maps for obesity, diabetes and low income there is always a very high percentage at the border between AZ and New mexico. Why is that so?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 On statistical maps for obesity, diabetes and low income there is always a very high percentage at the border between AZ and New mexico. Why is that so?

Poverty and obesity/diabetes go together because lower quality of food is cheaper. Also, if you are poor you are more likely to have experienced trauma and depression issues. Stress eating is very common. As for the geographic area you speak of, in areas where there is less development and fewer job opportunities the land is cheaper and so is the cost of living. Concepts like that can keep people trapped because they can't make enough money to move somewhere else even if they wanted to so they just stay put.


Question: Why are all economies expected to "grow"? Why is an equilibrium bad?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are all economies expected to "grow"? Why is an equilibrium bad?

Other answers have all answered some of the reasons why, but here's another: Innovation and increases in technological capacity should be cumulatively and continually increasing. So long as this is true, then the economy should naturally grow with it.


Question: Why do you sound like a better singer when you are in the shower?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you sound like a better singer when you are in the shower?

In addition to better acoustics, the warm humid air in the shower opens and lubricates the respiratory passages and the throat, providing for optimal vocal quality.


Question: What is it like to smell?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is it like to smell?

It's pretty much impossible to explain what it feels like, but the basic idea is that you have receptors that respond to the presence of various chemicals, more strongly to some of them than to others. Things have a smell because of trace amounts of chemicals circulating in the air, and getting picked up by these receptors. You could say it works like a combination of hearing (transmission via air) and tasting (biochemical receptors). The way the sensation works is closer to tasting, I guess, but there are way more smells than tastes. Because air carries these chemicals around, how far away you can smell things depends on airflow/wind, the concentration of the chemical at the source, and how easily your receptors can detect the chemical in question. For instance, smell receptors are *extremely* sensitive to the stuff they mix into domestic gas, ethyl mercaptan, basically one milligram per tonne of air can be smelled. Spill a barrel of that stuff somewhere and chances are people will notice tens of kilometers away (subject to wind direction). Many everyday things carry just a few meters or less, though.


Question: Why is an If Then statement True if the first variable is false in the first place?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is an If Then statement True if the first variable is false in the first place?

Tl;Dr. Unless P is true Q can do whatever it wants. Slightly more detail If P then Q is telling you than *if* P is True Q *must* be true. But doesn't tell you anything about the state of Q if P is false. Here's a real life example: If It's Tuesday then we eat tacos. That means every Tuesday you have to eat tacos. But nothing here said you cant *also* have tacos on Friday.


Question: What are the biological advantagse and disadvantages of trees shedding their leaves vs keeping them all year round (deciduous vs coniferous)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the biological advantagse and disadvantages of trees shedding their leaves vs keeping them all year round (deciduous vs coniferous)?

Deciduous trees shed their leaves in order to conserve energy. Leaves take energy to maintain, so it's advantageous for the tree if it does not have to deal with leaf upkeep when there is limited warmth and sunlight (in other words, winter). The downside of this is that deciduous trees have to regrow all their leaves the next year, which is something that evergreens do not have to deal with (by the way, I think the question should be deciduous vs evergreen, but that's another topic) For a non-ELI5 explanation of advantages vs disadvantages, Wikipedia has some pretty good information: URL_0


Question: Why should we have stored some spices and medicines in the dark?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why should we have stored some spices and medicines in the dark?

molecules that affect our body are usually very reactive molecule who are on a stable state only thanks to the fact that their "less energic" form requires a tiny push to be reached. That tiny push can come from heat, chemical reaction or light. That's why some alcohols, medecines and spices have to be kept in a dark and cold environment: so they don't get pushed to their less energic and unwanted form.


Question: If warm air expands, then why does cool air expand in adiabatic cooling?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If warm air expands, then why does cool air expand in adiabatic cooling?

You have it backward. Adiabatic cooling occurs when air is forced to expand, like when it is pushed to a higher elevation by rising land. The air becomes cool due to the expansion, it doesn't expand because it is cool. Adiabatic simply means the temperature change is occurring without heat or mass transfer.


Question: Why do all wavelengths of light travel at the same speed in a vacuum?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do all wavelengths of light travel at the same speed in a vacuum?

Their energy is completely separate from their speed. The speed of light is the speed of causality, the maximum speed \*anything\*can happen.Anything that does not have mass \*must\* travel at that speed, and not any other speed (when it slows down in materials, its just having to take a longer route). It just so happens that light is one of the most obvious things that is able to travel at that speed.


Question: in the movie cars they say “turn right to go left” how does this work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 in the movie cars they say “turn right to go left” how does this work?

It's called counter steering. When your car is *sliding into* a left turn, the right side of your car is leading. To put it even simpler: If you turn too far left, you want to turn right to balance it out. If you keep turning left your car is just going to spin.


Question: why do we (and most other organisms) stop growing suddenly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do we (and most other organisms) stop growing suddenly?

Because evolutionarily speaking we become sexual mature. On that scale there is little point continuing to grow because reproduction is the mark of success. You will either reproduce in the window of fertility or you will grow past it and natural aging does the rest.


Question: How does lightning produce ozone and does that ozone spread out across the atmosphere?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does lightning produce ozone and does that ozone spread out across the atmosphere?

Ozone (O3) is caused when electricity turns a bunch of oxygen gas (O2) into free atoms (O-). When they try to regroup, some O's are close to many O2 couples and decide to barge in and make an O3 rather than wander aimlessly hopping to run into another O-.


Question: What does it mean by real numbers' set from 0 to 1 is much bigger than all natural number set?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean by real numbers' set from 0 to 1 is much bigger than all natural number set?

Two sets are the same size if you can form a one-to-one mapping between the elements of the set. E.g. the set {1, 2, 3} is the same size as the set {A, B, C}, because you can form the one-to-one mapping A1, B2, C3. There are other possible one-to-one mappings, but as long as you can show at least one exists, then it means they're the same size. You cannot show a one-to-one mapping between the real numbers between 0 and 1, and the natural numbers. Hence, they are different sizes. More over, for any mapping you try to come up with, you'll always be missing some real number between 0 and 1. That means the set of real numbers between 0 and 1 is bigger than the set of natural numbers.


Question: how do they clear fields of dried lava?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do they clear fields of dried lava?

Typically, they don't. If the land needs to be used for, perhaps, a road, then it'll be handled like any other rock in the way and excavated or blasted. It can be leveled and built on too. To my knowledge, it's rare to just clear it away "just because".


Question: What is Markov Chain and why is it important?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Markov Chain and why is it important?

A markov chain is a mathematical approach to disentangling several possible events that depend on outcomes before it. To stay topical, take a look at March madness brackets. You have a pretty low chance of getting your bracket right. But if we apply some really simple logic, we can increase that chance. If you fill out the bracket as a set of unorganized fill in the blank boxes, you won't do well. For instance, you could have a team that you eliminated in the sweet sixteen winning the final four. That doesn't make sense. Instead, let's create a chain of causes that predict the inputs into the next block of causes. If a team doesn't make the first round, they can't end up in the later rounds. Better right? But if we have even more information, we can do even better. We could fill out our bracket *as* the tournament is happening and expect to do really well. A player who lead scoring got injured in the elite 8? We can use that information to reduce the team's chances in the final four. That's why a Markov chain is so.good at making predictions. It refined it's approach as it gets information. In real use, Markov chains get much more sophisticated. So sophisticated that becomes hard to keep track of all the variables. That's where higher level math like *linear algebra* comes in. In a *Hidden Markov Model*, you don't actually have to know how all the pieces fit together. You just need some good relationships: - taller players do better - players have to be healthy to play - scoring early is important Using *eignevectors* a mathematical approach can take a *system of related linear equations* and figure out which variables are *independent* of the rest. You do this by mathematically rearranging all the equations so that the few that dominate the rest fall out. - taller players do better and the early scoring for this team is directly caused by their best player being tall. It's really only one variable at work here. As the Markov chain gets updated, the most important variables might shift. - Taller players do better but this team's tall player is injured so the height variable is no longer part of what contributes to their early scoring.


Question: How did Vision and Dental coverage come to be "outside" of general health coverage in the USA?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did Vision and Dental coverage come to be "outside" of general health coverage in the USA?

Starting with dental, dentistry was not something that doctors used to perform. Teeth pulling was actually performed by barbers! And there was no other options than pulling. So once we got dentists, medical insurance didn't want to touch them. They weren't sure of the future costs, or what was reasonable, and people didn't expect to see the dentist enough to need to deal with insurance. For vision, vision insurance, for the most part, only covers routine or preventative care. Glasses, contacts, annual exams. If you have a significant eye issue, glaucoma for example, the treatment would be filed under medical. So vision insurance isn't insurance at all, its more of a savings plan for eye care. The money you pay is used to pay the doctors later, minus a small fee, or the doctors just agree to give you a discount as arranged by your vision plan. It can be useful as your vision plan can haggle for discount services/goods for you.


Question: How does oxidation work and do all metals corrode?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does oxidation work and do all metals corrode?

Other things beside metal oxidize as well. The browning of raw, cut potatoes and corked wine are other examples.


Question: Steel is a very heavy product to ship, so how are the Chinese & Korean steel manufactures able to sell steel cheaper in the USA than they would domestically?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Steel is a very heavy product to ship, so how are the Chinese & Korean steel manufactures able to sell steel cheaper in the USA than they would domestically?

Shipping and logistics are actually _far_ cheaper than most people realize. The cost of any given item is predominantly materials and labor - shipping can often be a rounding error once those are factored in. There was a funny story a while back about a Norwegian (I think) fishery that actually shipped their fish to China to be cleaned/gutted then shipped _back_ to Norway because it was cheaper to do that than to pay people locally to clean them. That is how cheap shipping is. Given that, the lower wages in SE Asia, combined with government subsidies for those industries which drive prices down, make it economical to purchase steel even after the shipping is factored in.


Question: why do pictures in cars seem backwards?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do pictures in cars seem backwards?

If I understand the situation that you're describing, it's because the photos _are_ backwards. When a camera app on a phone shows a preview of the photo to the user, the preview is horizontally mirrored to simulate an actual mirror, because that's what people are used to seeing. But when the photo is taken, the photo is also horizontally mirrored. I don't understand why apps do that, but that's the state of things now. It looks strange in other cases besides cars. For example, if the person's clothing has text on it, the text appears mirrored.


Question: Where does stuff go when it is deleted?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does stuff go when it is deleted?

Nothing actually. The data is still there. But the space its stored in is now allocated as "free" and can be overwritten at any time by something else being saved. There are programs that actively "wipe" the drive for security reasons and overwrite the data, but typically when you delete something it just removes references to the actual data and marks it as available space


Question: Why is it easy to recognize when a video’s been sped up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it easy to recognize when a video’s been sped up?

After watching things play out in real time with our own eyes millions of times, videos that are not in real time are easy to recognize.


Question: How can we determine root cause of fire with any degree of accuracy when fires are so destructive?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can we determine root cause of fire with any degree of accuracy when fires are so destructive?

My uncle is an arson investigator. I've asked this question. Many things tell an experienced investigator where a fire started and how it spread. The way certain materials react to different temperatures, like carpet, linoleum, drywall, paint, wood, electrical wiring, they can tell where the fire was hottest. Thickness of smoke residue on walls and ceiling and vertical level of smoke lines. Spread lines on ceiling, can tell which direction fire fed from and how large fire was at each point in the structure. They can identify and test for accelerants and residues. Using all these clues, and the knowledge they've acquired from investigating so many other scenes, they can usually tell exactly what happened. Sometimes even when an entire structure is gone, they can tell certain things you think would be impossible.


Question: What really is a fraction TIMES a fraction?! It makes NO sense.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What really is a fraction TIMES a fraction?! It makes NO sense.

Replace the word "times" with "of" 1/2 of 3/5. Half of 3/5. Obviously it's going to be smaller than 3/5 0.05 of 0.05, that's 5 percent of 0.05. You know 5 percent is a relatively small chunk of the original. The problem may be you were taught only the abstract math rules, but it wasn't well tied into concrete example that would build the numerical understanding.


Question: The impact on a business when it forces staff to use holiday allowances over the Xmas period compared to the company shutting down with no impact to staff holiday allowances?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 The impact on a business when it forces staff to use holiday allowances over the Xmas period compared to the company shutting down with no impact to staff holiday allowances?

The owner of my company does this to control when we take vacation. He shuts the plant down for X amount of days leaving us without pay. So, this is when we take our vacation days. On the back end of this it forces us to work the other 50 weeks straight, so there's never a shortage of people. All his machines are producing parts. Edit: words


Question: Do big brand stores such as Walmart pay their workers with money that people spent at that store or is it money from elsewhere, if so, where?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do big brand stores such as Walmart pay their workers with money that people spent at that store or is it money from elsewhere, if so, where?

Corporate stores pay via check. In mom and pop sole proprietorship type stores you will often be paid from the register. but any big concern is going to run something through some sort of payroll service. The question of whether or not Walmart or a similar organization will let you cash your paycheck on site is separate. Usually I would suspect they would not since that would lead to potential abuses by local management. The corporations wouldn't want to expose themselves to that sort of thing.


Question: Why do lower frequencies in speakers require more power? Shouldn't it use less power since the speaker vibrates less?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do lower frequencies in speakers require more power? Shouldn't it use less power since the speaker vibrates less?

Another way to think about this is the question: Why do treble sounds travel farther than bass frequencies? To answer this, take a look at the waveform of the frequency in question. The treble wavelength will be much shorter, meaning that for the same power, an audio source can achieve a higher total sound output due to the shorter wavelength. Let's say the treble frequency is around 13kHz, while the bass frequency is around 40Hz. This would mean that the treble frequency is 325 times shorter than the bass frequency, thus leading to the conclusion of both your question and the question I presented. Since a lower frequency has a longer wavelength, the speaker moves more to achieve the same output. This is why you can see speaker cones moving more during bassy music more than treble-y music. It travels farther because, again, less power is needed since it's a significantly shorter wavelength. Hope this helps!


Question: Why is the alphabet Pokémon "Unown", and all 28 of its forms, made up of letters from the Latin alphabet if Pokémon is a Japanese game?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the alphabet Pokémon "Unown", and all 28 of its forms, made up of letters from the Latin alphabet if Pokémon is a Japanese game?

They were originally going to be something else, a sort of alien-type pokemon. But when the artists started sketching them, people thought they kinda looked like letters. So they went with that instead of the original plan. edit: oh and they spell out words in the native language of the player's game, but they spell it out using latin characters. URL_0 Like this


Question: How do Mesh Wifi sustain speeds when a Repeater drops a speed to half?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do Mesh Wifi sustain speeds when a Repeater drops a speed to half?

mesh wifi has 2x2 or 3x3 antennas that means they can communicate with each other on a separate channel leaving a channel free for clients old repeaters didn't have multiple antennas (MIMO), so speed was cut in half or worst


Question: why is one cup of coffee everyday acceptable but one energy drink of equal caffeine considered bad? (assuming coffee is black and energy drink is 0 cal 0 sugar)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is one cup of coffee everyday acceptable but one energy drink of equal caffeine considered bad? (assuming coffee is black and energy drink is 0 cal 0 sugar)

Some energy drinks have 300 mg of caffeine which is a lot. M9nster and redbull have around 200. A regular cup of coffee is probably 50 to a 100. Not to mention the artificial sweeteners in energy drinks to make them tasty and not ass but still say 0 sugar


Question: Why are veins blue/green when blood is red?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are veins blue/green when blood is red?

They are red. However red wavelengths of light are absorbed by the skin the light must pass through to reach the vein. Thus by the time light shines through skin, reflects off the veins, then reflects back out through the skin again, they appear as a dark blue.


Question: Why do UK shares seem to trade in pennies but other seem to trade in the full value of the currency? (I.e dollars/euros).

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do UK shares seem to trade in pennies but other seem to trade in the full value of the currency? (I.e dollars/euros).

IBM is at 140.57. GE is at 10.21. Where are you seeing whole dollar prices?


Question: What are tariffs and how do they affect my day to day life? If they are removed is this 'free trade'?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are tariffs and how do they affect my day to day life? If they are removed is this 'free trade'?

Tariffs are taxes placed on imports. Say you own a company that makes things out of widgets and you import them from other countries for $10 each. Your government places tariffs on widgets of 20%. So, now your widgets cost you $12 instead of $10 and this affects your profits. The government wants you to pay $11.50 for widgets made in your home country instead of $12 for foreign widgets. Now, say you're an average consumer who buys widget products. Since the manufacturers are all paying 15 or 20 percent more for widgets, they will have to raise their prices to protect their profits. So, as a consumer, you now pay more for widget products at the store. Yes, free trade means removing tariffs. There can be further complications. What if the government puts that 20 percent tariff in place even though the home country doesn't actually produce enough widgets to meet demand? Then companies have to pay more for imported widgets and prices go up even more. And in the real world, this can apply to commodities and basic materials like steel and aluminum. Those are used in so many different products that price increases will affect many different products. E.g. aluminium affects the price of anything from cars to Coke cans.


Question: Is the Earth's Orbit around the sun linked to the Seasons?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is the Earth's Orbit around the sun linked to the Seasons?

Earth does warble like a top, but it’s not noticeable within one year. It takes several dozen thousands of years to make one full warble. So seasons are not about that. The Earth keeps its axis straight, but the northern end of that axis looks away from the Sun in December and towards the Sun in July, making these months cold and warm respectively. That’s in the Northern hemisphere. For Southern hemisphere it’s the other way round.


Question: Why isn't every person's DNA collected after birth to create a giant database?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why isn't every person's DNA collected after birth to create a giant database?

Because people have whats called a right to privacy. It might sound a bit crazy but there’s a whole lot more to be done with people’s DNA. Also its not often DNA is left at the scene.


Question: What actually happens when your ear starts ringing randomly like "someone is tuning into it"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What actually happens when your ear starts ringing randomly like "someone is tuning into it"?

Wait what, this is normal? I thought my tinnitus was getting worse.


Question: why do your gums and teeth feel weird when you don't get enough sleep?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do your gums and teeth feel weird when you don't get enough sleep?

Ur prolly stressed and clenching ur jaw. Try wearing a mouth guard when you sleep and maybe that will help.


Question: How do TV shows that post videos on Youtube earn enough revenue to continue existing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do TV shows that post videos on Youtube earn enough revenue to continue existing?

Ads. Plus if you like it enough you might actually tune in. If not & you remain on Youtube; ads. Otherwise you wouldn't have begun & they wouldn't have made cash on you in the 1st place.


Question: Can horses ever recover from a broken leg or do they really always need to be put down like in the movies?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can horses ever recover from a broken leg or do they really always need to be put down like in the movies?

For the most part, horses legs don’t break like humans do, they shatter more like glass and there is not enough solid bone to pin/plate together unlike a human leg bone. Also, a horse’s sheer size works against them then say a dog that can get around on three legs and not cause extra damage to those weighbearing legs. A small pastern break may be fixable because the horse can still weightbear. If a horse is unable to stand within a few days, they tend to colic (twisted gut) and part of their intestine will go septic and die off. Horses are grazers and their ability to digest depends on fairly constant movement. Lastly, horses develop something called “founder,” this is a spontaneous issue and that is caused by injury, bad diet or disease, it is when the coffin bones in the hooves rotate, and in extreme cases they actually shed their hooves. Basically look at your feet and scrunch your toes, now try waking on the knuckles of your toes. It would be a 15/10 pain level. Which in turn can also bring on colic. Despite their size, horses are actually fairly delicate and It is a kindness to humanely euthanize rather than let the horse suffer.


Question: How do audio cassette tapes play different tracks depending on Side A or Side B?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do audio cassette tapes play different tracks depending on Side A or Side B?

Take two strips of paper. One one write banana. On th eother write orange. Rotate the strip with orange 180 degrees and put it directly under banana. Like this: banana ǝƃuɐɹo This is how it works but with magnetic tape, the old read heads only read the one half. Flipping tape reversed what side would be read. Newer decks just reversed direction and change position of the read head.


Question: What makes some clothing materials "warm when wet" (like wool) but others not (cotton)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes some clothing materials "warm when wet" (like wool) but others not (cotton)?

In the case of wool and cotton it is the individual strands that make the difference. Wool is rather none porous (it's just hair) and ends up coating itself with natural oils (from your skin, or if raw, the sheep's) that help repeal water. It is a very curly/crinkly material and this creates many pockets of air that warm up and act as insulation. Cotton is a porous plant fiber (absorbs oils and water into it internal structure) that is significantly straighter. The straightness of the fiber helps create a smoother fabric that lays against the skin rather than poking into it (not itchy, yea!) but is less effective at creating air pockets for insulation.


Question: How do new languages form over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do new languages form over time?

2 reasons First if you look at Spanish. They went to Mexico and developed a unique accent and taught their accent to their children. And as new discoveries were found or inventions made, they need to come up with a name. So like the Car in Mexico is Caro because they learned it from Americans. In Spain it's Coche because it's like the coach (another word for carriage) with out the horse, and in South America like Argentina they might say Auto or Automóvil like auto mobile. So 3 different cultures see the same new thing and call them something different. And overtime developing different accents and naming new things they evolved to be different languages. Second there are almost always locals that speak their own language so the settlers original language blends with the native language. This further pushes the accent away from the original and many times people might use the native word for something over the settlers word because there are more people already using the native word. Like in Mexico the native people there called Avocados, Aguacate because the natives already called it that in Náhuatl. But in Argentina it's called Palta because someone gave it a unique Spanish name to sell to other Spanish speakers.


Question: What causes your throat to feel dry when you are sick/have allergies, and why doesn’t drinking fluids alleviate this dryness?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes your throat to feel dry when you are sick/have allergies, and why doesn’t drinking fluids alleviate this dryness?

The feeling of a dry throat can come from the your body's feeling of thirst rather than a physical dryness. When you are sick or have allergies, parts of your body swell with water, diverting the water from other parts. Other sicknesses can cause fevers and sweating. Also in general, your body is working harder to fight the illness so it uses more water. This makes your body crave water, causing the feeling of thirst. Since it takes a while for your body to absorb water, the feeling of thirst doesn't go away immediately like after drinking water to parch a physically dry throat.


Question: How do 'Magic Eye' images work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do 'Magic Eye' images work?

Each image is actually two images overlaid on each other. The viewer has to make themselves "see double" in order to make one eye see one image, and the other eye see the other image. This is often achieved in beginners by holding the picture up to your nose, then looking through the pic so your eyes are focused in the middle distance. With the eyes in this position, the image is slowly moved away from the nose until the image "jumps out" at the viewer. The image only does this because at the distance of the image, the eyes are focused on different areas. (From further away, the eyes would be focused on one single distant point.) As we all know, we see with our brain not our eyes, and the brain interprets the specially-designed images as 3D even though they're just two images carefully placed on top of each other. Have you ever looked at a wallpaper or image with a small, uniform, repeating pattern? Try it using the nose technique described above and you will see the pattern sort of changes to look a bit 3D also. This is because your eyes are layering one image on top of another (that's why in this example the pattern repeats have to be the same and quite close together) which gives the impression of depth. [Try it with this image I randomly googled to get an idea.]( URL_0 ) EDIT to add: You will notice that as the above is a horizontal pattern, you can't see the 3D effect if you tilt your head. Further proof that your eyes are focusing on two slightly different areas, as eyes can focus that way horizontally but you can't make them move up and down independently.


Question: Why does nail polish last the longest on the big toe versus the rest of your fingers/toes when applied at the same time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does nail polish last the longest on the big toe versus the rest of your fingers/toes when applied at the same time?

Not completely sure, just throwing an idea out there. Your big toe has the largest surface area compared to the rest of your toes, so the nail polish will last longer. The smaller toes have less nail polish, so the nail polish will last shorter.


Question: How do scientists determine how much CO2 was in the atmosphere thousands of years ago, and to what level of certainty are they able to perform these calculations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do scientists determine how much CO2 was in the atmosphere thousands of years ago, and to what level of certainty are they able to perform these calculations?

Ice cores. Where you drill a big hole in the ice and pull out samples. When Ice freezes, it traps tons of little air bubbles in it. These little air bubbles have the same composition of the overall atmosphere when that sections of ice froze. So, if you were to go somewhere like Antarctica, and drill down hundreds of feet, you would get to ice that formed a long long time ago, thousands and even hundreds of thousands of years for the deepest cores. You now have ice that froze a long time ago, and trapped a sample of the atmosphere from that time in it. You have a sample literally frozen in time. You can then take that to a lab and do an analysis of how much CO2, Methane, O2, and other gasses are present and compare that to levels we see today and from other younger or older ice cores. Edit: as for exactly how accurate they are I cannot say what the margin of error is. Each scientific study should report their own margin of error. But when you take an overall view over hundreds of studies and thousands of samples taken, this data is accurate enough and the best option we have to make the models and predictions we need.


Question: What would happen if you never cut the umbilical cord?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen if you never cut the umbilical cord?

It would dry out pretty quickly and at some point just fall off. It's not a mainstream belief, but some people believe that's actually a healthier way to treat the umbilical cord because cutting it right away separates the baby form the placenta, isolating it from a nutrient source. The science on this belief is somewhat sketchy however and is mostly regarded as dubious/pseudoscientific.


Question: How do the 'bubbles' when boiling something occur?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do the 'bubbles' when boiling something occur?

Water turns into steam and rises to the top to escape. Boiling is by definition a liquid turning into vapour by reaching a temperature beyond its current boiling point.


Question: How do calculators solve complex problems like matrices graphing etc. do programers have to write out every solution or are there shortcuts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do calculators solve complex problems like matrices graphing etc. do programers have to write out every solution or are there shortcuts?

Ingredient 1: Computers are machines that perform simple operations VERY fast. Ingredient 2: Most complex math can be decomposed into (or approximated by) simpler math. For example, imagine that you know how to add 2 numbers. Well, with that tool, you can also multiply numbers (by performing several additions) and even calculate exponentiation (by performing several multiplications, which we already mentioned you can do with addition). By combining the two ingredients (a set of simple operations and knowledge on how to decompose complex math into simpler math), you get a machine that can perform complex math.


Question: what happens to the water used to make concrete?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what happens to the water used to make concrete?

Concrete setting is a complicated process and depends on the materials used. But part of the process is the hydration of the ingredients. The water actually becomes part of the ingredients. The water remains but is part of the chemical components. Concrete is also produced which will set under water. The Romans understood how to make concrete including underwater concrete. It is part of how they were so good at construction.


Question: if I look at a far-away object in a mirror without my glasses on (near sighted), will the image appear blurry because the object is far or clear because the mirror is close? Why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if I look at a far-away object in a mirror without my glasses on (near sighted), will the image appear blurry because the object is far or clear because the mirror is close? Why?

Blurry because far. A mirror preserves the angles of light which strikes it, and simply redirects it. So as far as your eyes are concerned, a mirror is a window through which you are viewing the reflected object. So the distance to a reflected object is the distance from your eyes, to the mirror, to the object. Something like a photograph does *not* preserve the original angles of the light of the scene it has taken. So instead of diverging from the objects in the picture, they diverge from the surface of the picture. So as far as your eye is concerned, the content of a photograph is at the distance from your eyes to the photograph.


Question: How is Richard Burr selling stocks after a meeting that indicated the economy might decline soon illegal? I have a loose understanding of insider trading, I'm just confused with what he "should" have done. At that point was he expected to hang on to the stocks and take the financial hit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is Richard Burr selling stocks after a meeting that indicated the economy might decline soon illegal? I have a loose understanding of insider trading, I'm just confused with what he "should" have done. At that point was he expected to hang on to the stocks and take the financial hit?

Because the information in the meeting allegedly wasn’t made public. You can’t act on private information.


Question: In a lift if someone smokes beside you, for one's health, is it better to take a deep breath and hold it long or take slow shallow breaths?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In a lift if someone smokes beside you, for one's health, is it better to take a deep breath and hold it long or take slow shallow breaths?

place your shirt over your nose and mouth and breath shallow. Or kindly ask them to stop. Damn where is that legal? I’m in Cali people would call them damn cops out here


Question: what happens to stocks when a public company goes out of business?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what happens to stocks when a public company goes out of business?

> just crashed and went out of business what happens to the stocks? Do the stocks just drop to 0? Yep. > Do people get their money back at the last stock price? From where exactly do you imagine that money would come from? There is no fund for compensating failed investments. > If some big company was struggling but hid it This complicates matters a bit because this would be fraud, and the people who hid it would be sued into oblivion. But that doesn't recover the value, it just punishes the wrongdoing. > a tech company where it’s not totally clear how well the companies doing This is why there are periodic reports to the investors which the management is required to do, and to be truthful about under force of law.


Question: Why do 50% of TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) patients see no improvement in their depression symptoms?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do 50% of TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) patients see no improvement in their depression symptoms?

TMS Technician here. TMS activates neurons using thr magnetic field, as I'm sure you've heard. This stimulus causes action potentials leading to neurotransmitter release. A lack of serotonin in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is what's targeted by medications such as SSRIs (which as a TMS candidate, you've tried without success). TMS does pretty much the same thing, except it induces the release of neurotransmitter instead of preventing the reuptake of them from the synapse like the SSRIs. Just as the medications don't work for everyone, TMS doesn't produce the intended response in everyone. Everybody's physiology and neuroplasticity is different.


Question: why do Android phone manufacturers not force carriers to use the same software like on iOS?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do Android phone manufacturers not force carriers to use the same software like on iOS?

Because the manufacturers have very little power. If Samsung gives the carriers a hard time, they can immediately switch to HTC or another brand that's quite similar. By contrast, if Apple gives the carriers a hard time, there is no very similar substitute they can choose, so they tolerate it.


Question: Why is it bad for a company to earn the same this year as it did last year?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it bad for a company to earn the same this year as it did last year?

There’s a lot of reasons. One reason is inflation. A dollar earned this year is not worth the same as a dollar earned last year. So even though you make the “same amount”, in reality it really isn’t. Also growth is a sign of how healthy a company is. If a company isn’t growing, that means it could quickly turn into losing money.