Question: Do babies die from sudden pulmonary or cardiac arrest in death from SIDS?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do babies die from sudden pulmonary or cardiac arrest in death from SIDS?

In 2013 I lost my son to “SIDS” He was almost 3 months old, but had been born a month early. His sitter had placed him to sleep on his stomach, where he ended up asphyxiating and did go into cardiac arrest. The lack of oxygen to his brain caused him to be declared brain dead, somewhere between 4 & 8 hours before his heart actually stopped beating, it’s hard to remember the exact details now. But yes, they can experience cardiac arrest. For my son, they didn’t say cardiac arrest was his cause of death, they still just called it SIDS.


Question: How does a "dead spot" occur on a tennis/basketball/whatever court?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a "dead spot" occur on a tennis/basketball/whatever court?

It indicates a defect in the pavement -- an area where the surface is covering a bubble. When the ball hits this, it simply mashes down the bubble -- which is a soft surface, not a bouncy surface.


Question: if almost all industries are inversely related with the oil industry (if the price of oil drops, then things become cheaper to produce), why is the economy so reliant on having a high price for oil?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if almost all industries are inversely related with the oil industry (if the price of oil drops, then things become cheaper to produce), why is the economy so reliant on having a high price for oil?

Well, it's not. The economy as a whole does better when oil is low and does worse when oil is high. However, the oil industry itself does terrible when oil is low and well when oil is high. So local areas that have a lot of oil jobs (the gulf coast, fracking towns in the Great Plains, etc.) tend to swing in the opposite direction as the economy as a whole.


Question: How are we able to notice immediately when wearing stereo earset in the wrong side?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are we able to notice immediately when wearing stereo earset in the wrong side?

When some music of mine was in the final stages of mixing, we were all listening back to one of the songs. There were doubled vocal tracks, one on the left, and one on the right. I told the mixing engineer to switch them around. We all agreed that it was better after it was switched but couldn’t say why that was. It’s hard to know what it was that made me want them switched around. My best guess is that as people who read left to right, we want to hear the sound that happens first (even if only by a millisecond) in the left ear so the music is moving left to right.


Question: When looking for a item, why is it that we can be holding said item and not know it's there?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When looking for a item, why is it that we can be holding said item and not know it's there?

I can’t speak for the latter but the former (holding an item and you don’t know it’s there) has to do with short term memory vs long term memory. The way the brain works, it stores information in different ways, and if you don’t “commit” something to your long term memory, you basically forget it within a short period of time, usually less than 30 seconds. So basically because you didn’t think it was important, if something like 15-30 seconds go by and you didn’t think about the fact that you were holding a sharpie, you forget that you are in fact holding a sharpie. And when you start looking for it, the information is lost, and you start from square one.


Question: Why the clouds turn black but rain is clear?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why the clouds turn black but rain is clear?

THe bottom of the cloud you're seeing is in the sometimes very deep shadow of the rest of the cloud above it, and you. It's dark because the held moisture is so thick that sun can't get through it.


Question: Why do a lot of videos from the early 2000s have a yellow tint to them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do a lot of videos from the early 2000s have a yellow tint to them?

I assume you're referring to home videos. The state of camcorders at the time, while serviceable, was not very good outside of ideal conditions, particularly they had problems in dark rooms. Many people filmed indoors and during the evening at that with the lighting being just normal household bulbs.


Question: You are on a game show with a prize behind one of three doors. You choose a door, and the host opens one of the other two doors showing you there isn’t a prize there. You should now change your decision. WHY?! (the most infuriating statistics problem that I still don’t understand)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 You are on a game show with a prize behind one of three doors. You choose a door, and the host opens one of the other two doors showing you there isn’t a prize there. You should now change your decision. WHY?! (the most infuriating statistics problem that I still don’t understand)

I'll make the problem really simple for you: The door that gets revealed as the "wrong door" is always a "wrong door". If you had originally picked either of the two wrong doors, then switching now would always result in the winning door. If you originally picked the winning door, switching will cause you to lose. Since there were 3 doors in the beginning, you had a 2/3 chance of picking a wrong door and then subsequently switching to the winning door, and a 1/3 chance of picking the correct door on the first try and switching to lose. TL:DR: Your odds of winning are = the odds of picking the wrong door on the first choice, since as long as you pick one wrong door, the other will be eliminated, and you can switch to the correct door.


Question: What would happen if everybody just stopped paying taxes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen if everybody just stopped paying taxes?

Well, if the government doesn't have money, then it can't pay its workers or provide any services. Nor could it pay people it does business with or continue to do much of anything. So like, I dunno, maybe the lights go out, water stops working, every person there is is out of work. You know, stuff like that. I mean, who is gonna pay the cops to put people in jail? Who is gonna run that jail? No money, no people to work. We'd think that stuff would eventually get figured out, but we can't say for sure what will occur


Question: If the universe is supposedly 13.7 billion years old, how is it possible that there are objects as far as ~25 billion light years? Does that mean there are things faster than light?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the universe is supposedly 13.7 billion years old, how is it possible that there are objects as far as ~25 billion light years? Does that mean there are things faster than light?

imagine a free standing light in an infinite vacuum, if you could observe the light moving out from it you'd see it moving at the speed of light naturally. And the radius of that sphere would always be the amount of time that had passed multiplied by the time. However the radius is only the distance from one point on the surface of the sphere to the center. The largest distance between two points on the sphere is the diameter, which is twice the radius. So with a really really simplistic view of the universe like that at 13.7 billion years old you could still have things separated by a span of 27.4 billion light years Also, the universe didn't expand into a vacuum. There wasn't anything as we can conceive of it. Space-time itself expanded out, and is still expanding, and it did this faster than light because its not an object that's moving, its the stuff we measure and position things in that's expanding.


Question: How do people get these amazing pictures of the milkyway? I've never seen anything like them in person.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do people get these amazing pictures of the milkyway? I've never seen anything like them in person.

Cameras possess capabilities you do not have. You can't sit there and conduct a long exposure with your eyeballs, and accumulate the light over several seconds or minutes into a single image. A camera can. This can lead to detail that you can't easily pick out (if at all) with the naked eye. Beyond that you need *extremely* dark circumstances. Not just "out in a field outside of town" but we're talking "out in a field no where near a town" for optimal conditions. [Here's an essay]( URL_0 ) by a National Geographic Photographer on this exact subject


Question: What happens if you hit your funny bone too hard?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens if you hit your funny bone too hard?

The "funny bone" is actually a nerve cluster that runs up your arm. Hitting that hard will sort of stun the nerves which is why you get that really funny feeling. Hitting it really, really hard I suppose could sever it, but I actually hit mine pretty hard in an accident. In my case the tip of my elbow broke off. That meant when I tried to extend my arm to work out the funny bone feeling the bone chip moved up the back of my arm and the arm didn't respond. It took surgery and several pins to fix.


Question: What happens when we run out of helium?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens when we run out of helium?

You're thinking of The national helium reserve. The helium reserve was initially filled from harvests from natural gas deposits. It's currently vented off when harvesting natural gas because it's not economical to keep it. When it starts becoming economical to keep it again then it'll start getting harvested again.


Question: What is the "TLS handshake" protocol that runs before you connect to a website?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the "TLS handshake" protocol that runs before you connect to a website?

Essentially, there's a large number of cryptographic methods available, since we've continuously improved them over time. Your computer is sending which ones it would like to use. The server checks against the ones it will use. There's usually a discrepency because newer ones get added, older ones get removed since they're less secure, so the exact group is not consistent. They'll find the highest one they can use. Once they've determined protocol, both computers generate and exchange session keys using a special protocol that allows you to send something securely over an insecure medium. [This video]( URL_0 ) does a good job of showing what happens there.


Question: Why is it so hard for large amounts of Tylenol to pass through the liver?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it so hard for large amounts of Tylenol to pass through the liver?

Tylenol is paracetamol/acetaminophen. Medications within the body are broken down and produce metabolites. In the case of Paracetamol (acetaminophen) it is metabolised within the liver (via 3 pathways - the 3rd pathway produces the problem metabolite). Specifically, NAPQI is the metabolite responsible for the liver damage (or hepatotoxicity). Glutathione exists within the liver and NAPQI reduces its levels (both these products conjugate with one another) At normal doses The glutathione would normally detoxify the NAPQI, but at over dose levels it is overwhelmed. Higher doses of paracetamol induce higher levels of damage. But you can see some levels of liver damage from regular paracetamol use, excessive fasting/ anorexia and some other types of drugs. Treatment involves activated charcoal - if the presentation is early enough or through N-acetylcysteine as per paracetamol blood levels.


Question: How do synthesizers work? Can computer software replace them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do synthesizers work? Can computer software replace them?

[Yes, of course.]( URL_0 ) A (modern) traditional synth is basically a little computer that can modify and mix sounds on demand, with a large musical keyboard as the input instead of a mouse+keyboard. Arguably, every PC is doing the same thing as a synth when its using the computer's audio outputs to make sound. Older analog synths didn't have a computer inside and had analog circuits to create/shape electrical waves, but in the end the results are basically the same.


Question: Why the definition of an integer is independent of the number base used?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why the definition of an integer is independent of the number base used?

The proper definition of integers relies on the natural numbers. The natural numbers are defined using the following basic definitions: * 0 is a natural number. * Every natural number x has a single successor S(x). * 0 isn't the successor of any natural number. This automatically defines the set of natural numbers - 0, S(0), S(S(0)), S(S(S(0))) and so on. For convenience, we named them: S(0) is called "1", S(S(0)) is called "2", and so on. Note however that while these "names" depend on which base you use, they are not required for the definition of the natural numbers. The integers can then be constructed from all the natural numbers, again without using any base.


Question: Is it possible to collect a sample of Gold in a Gaseous State? What would it look like?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is it possible to collect a sample of Gold in a Gaseous State? What would it look like?

Yes, if you boil gold it will turn to gas at about 2805 degrees Celsius. At that temperature it will be glowing yellow-orange just like anything else due to what is called "black body radiation". Now another way you can consider the color of a gas is to shine white light through it and see what passes through it. In that case it also would allow reddish-yellow light to pass through it.


Question: How do small mammals survive frigid winters?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do small mammals survive frigid winters?

1.) Fattening themselves up beforehand 2.) Collecting and storing high-energy foods, like nuts, beforehand 3.) Entering a low-energy state (i.e. hibernating) for good portions of the day in a burrow/hidden nest. Sounds like kind of a questionable survival strategy but realize that a good portion of woodland crearures never survive the winter. Nature is metal, baby...


Question: Why do objects feel lighter when they're lifted higher up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do objects feel lighter when they're lifted higher up?

If you are carrying the box by placing it *on* your head, then you are using more muscles and bones to support the object than if you are simply holding it with your hands. Furthermore, you are supporting the object closer to its center of mass, meaning there is less gravitational forces trying to twist it out of your grip. You pack large camping backpacks with heavy stuff on top for much the same reason. Leaning forward, those heavy objects become situated above your spine and hips, allowing your whole body to shoulder the weight. If you packed the heavy stuff low, then more weight would be behind you, pulling your shoulders back and unbalancing you. In short, it's not that the objects are lighter, it's that the weight is more evenly distributed.


Question: Why do kids vomit more often than adults?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do kids vomit more often than adults?

Baby 'vomit' is actually called positing and is to do with undeveloped and hypotonic muscle control, the stomach sphincters aren't as well controlled and there is also gas trapping which when released suddenly will bring food up with it. This is the classic immediate milk vomit after food. Childhood vomiting occurs for all manner of reasons. Underdeveloped immune systems, greater exposure to pathogens (poor hand hygiene, eating things off floor, lots of contact with other grubby children), lower pain thresholds (they haven't experienced pain before), more cytokine release (immune response to infections that then stimulates vomiting, so things like ear infections can make them puke), less cerebral inhibition (they aren't inclined to fight the feeling), and underdeveloped language skills (can't express what/where the feeling is and thus doesn't get painkillers and soothing agents in time).


Question: How do the different computer languages work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do the different computer languages work?

The computer is basically full of things that act like switches and can be turned on or off. When you write your code, the second you touch the keyboard or mouse, you flip some of these milloins and millions of switches. This is computer memory. The display of your computer has been built in such a way that it can constantly read how the switches have been flipped and make a picture depending on what it reads. When you run your code, it is taken from the computer's memory and a special part of your computer's software turns it into what's called machine code. The exact way this happens depends on the programming language you use. A bit like your display has been built to read the memory, your computer also has a processor that is built to read the machine code. Based on the machine code, it again flips specific switches in the memory and that makes things happen.


Question: What is Universal Based Income and how does it help solve the problem of automation taking over jobs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Universal Based Income and how does it help solve the problem of automation taking over jobs?

A Universal Basic Income is a system where the government gives everybody a certain amount of cash every week (or month, whatever) which is enough to live on (there are debates about exactly what the appropriate level is). It could be useful in an increasingly automated society because as robots do more and more jobs, there just won't be enough work to go around.


Question: How do UV rays cause mutations to happen within cells resulting in skin cancer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do UV rays cause mutations to happen within cells resulting in skin cancer?

Ionizing radiation imparts enough energy to break bonds within your DNA. When those damaged DNA is used as template for replication, they create defective cells/proteins.


Question: Where does the money go when you lose money on a stock?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does the money go when you lose money on a stock?

Your money was gone the second you bought a stock. It doesn't go anywhere. You spend $100 for a stock, and your money goes to the previous owner of that stock. Over time the value of that stock changes based on a bunch of variables. Think of it kind of like buying an action figure in mint condition and keeping it in the box in hopes that it'll be worth more some day-- you might be right and end up owning a toy that will be worth lots when you sell it in the future, or you might be wrong and end up having a toy that's worth less than you paid for it originally. Your market portfolio value and the day to day value of a stock isn't "your money" in the sense that it's not that same $100 you put in. It's just a to the second estimate of the value of your toy at that moment if you decided to sell it. So when you pay $100 for a stock and the market for that stock drops to $75, you basically have bought a toy you hoped would be worth more than you paid when you bought it, but you ended up being wrong.


Question: In Pre-Calc we’ve been dealing with sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant waves. What are the actually telling me, what is the purpose of putting numbers in front of them (2sinx or sin2x) and what would I use them for?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In Pre-Calc we’ve been dealing with sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant waves. What are the actually telling me, what is the purpose of putting numbers in front of them (2sinx or sin2x) and what would I use them for?

2 sin x is the same as 2 * sin(x). sin 2x is the same as sin(2 * x). The items I show in parentheses here are the inputs to the *sin* function. The other random 2 at the beginning, outside those parentheses, is multiplying the *output* of that function.


Question: How can the sun create so much energy if photons are massless?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can the sun create so much energy if photons are massless?

Photons are massless, but they still have energy. They carry momentum and energy which depend only on their wavelength.


Question: Why does coffee sometimes make one more tired?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does coffee sometimes make one more tired?

Any sharp boost to the sympathetic nervous system is counteracted by the parasympathetic. Basically it's your body trying to calm you down and put you to sleep. Try protein and carbohydrates first thing in the morning instead of coffee.


Question: when you heat water in a steel pot and try to pour it out, it hisses and splutters as the water touches the steel higher up along the side, but stops after some water has assed over it. This only happens with steel, not with iron or aluminium or other types of pots. Why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when you heat water in a steel pot and try to pour it out, it hisses and splutters as the water touches the steel higher up along the side, but stops after some water has assed over it. This only happens with steel, not with iron or aluminium or other types of pots. Why?

The hissing and spluttering is the [leidenfrost effect]( URL_0 ). Once the metal has transferred enough heat into the water that it can't sustain the leidenfrost effect, it stops occurring in that location. Other areas of the pot might be comparatively hotter still. The reason it happens in various locations is because conduction through the pot material isn't instantaneous. The cooling effect caused by the water occurs more rapidly than heat from the other side of the pot can conduct through the metal to keep the pot at a uniform temperature. You're creating a "cool" spot while the rest of the pot is still super hot. Slosh some water up the opposite edge of the pot and the effect occurs again. It occurs with other materials. All of my cookware is titanium and it'll do this as well. You'll notice it in thinner pots because there just isn't that much material there for thermal mass and the cross section is small enough that conduction doesn't happen that quickly. A heavy cast iron pot will be more uniform but with a super thin steel pot you'll get little spurts of hissing as the water sloshes up to touch all the dry parts and then the effect no longer occurs because the pot has cooled too much.


Question: How do you calculate percentage probability of an incident with an unknown number of occurrences?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you calculate percentage probability of an incident with an unknown number of occurrences?

Say there are 7.5 billion humans. You pick out 100,000 people who got the procedure at random and see how many die. If 200 out of the 100,000 die, you know that 1/500 would die, or if all humans got the procedure, then 15 million out of 7.5 billion would die. The more people you have in your sample, the closer you get to the real number. So if you pick out 500 people and 2 happen to die, you'd mistakenly think it was a 1/250 chance when 1 death was just a fluke. If you pick out all 7.5 billion people, you'd know exactly how many people would die. You want to use the largest size sample you can realistically get. If you can't get a large enough sample, you won't know for sure.


Question: Why did wrapping the Xbox 360 in a towel and leaving it on temporary fix the Red ring of death?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did wrapping the Xbox 360 in a towel and leaving it on temporary fix the Red ring of death?

One common cause of the red ring of death was cracking and degradation of the solder joints on the CPU and GPU. By wrapping the Xbox it would cause it to heat to the point that those joints could be melted again and reformed.


Question: What is the white noise pressure sound you can make in your ears? Is it a muscle being flexed? Is it good or bad to do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the white noise pressure sound you can make in your ears? Is it a muscle being flexed? Is it good or bad to do?

The sound is usually described as a rumbling sound. Some individuals can voluntarily produce this rumbling sound by contracting the tensor tympani muscle of the middle ear. The rumbling sound can also be heard when the neck or jaw muscles are highly tensed as when yawning deeply.


Question: - What exactly is the "exposure" in photography?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - What exactly is the "exposure" in photography?

“Exposure” in photography is a combination of three things: 1) the size of the hole through which the light is being gathered (“aperture”), 2) the sensitivity of the film or electronic sensor (“sensitivity” or “ISO”), and 3) the time that the sensor is exposed to the light (“exposure time” or “shutter speed”). The combination that’s right for a given set of circumstances will depend on various things, such as the amount of light that’s coming off the thing you want to photograph, the amount it’s moving with respect to the camera, and the required distances that need to be in focus. For most everyday photography in daylight, a normal shutter speed (exposure time) would be around 1/30 to 1/500 of a second. Photographing stars would require a much longer exposure time because they’re much dimmer than a normal daytime scene. An exposure time for stars using a normal camera would often be several minutes. Any reasonably advanced camera would support this kind of long exposure, but it would normally require a special setting on the camera. Such a long exposure will require the camera to be locked down on a tripod or similar. (For a sharp picture, the camera has to be still during the exposure and nobody can hold a camera still enough for such a long time.) Because the stars are moving in relation to the camera (the stars are still but the camera is fixed to the Earth and the Earth is rotating under the stars) the stars will often appear to move during the exposure and the resulting image will show the stars as lines (in a “star trail” picture). An exposure time of a few minutes is enough for the stars to move enough to start forming these lines. To have a long exposure of several minutes (edit to add: or hours, as in your example) but still keep the stars as fixed points rather than star trails, the camera can be mounted on a special device that very slowly moves the camera to compensate for the Earth’s rotation and keeps the stars stationary in the view the camera is pointing at.


Question: Why does acting oblivious/dumb to people's insults make them annoyed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does acting oblivious/dumb to people's insults make them annoyed?

They didn't get the reaction out of you that they wanted, but honestly i dont think thats the best way to deal with insults. There are ways to deal with insults which can annoy people even more


Question: What happens to our cells when we die?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens to our cells when we die?

Your cells don't all die at once, they continue kicking individually until they've exhausted all the nutrients and oxygen they've stored. For high-power nerve cells this happens in just a few minutes, they have minimal storage and a high burn rate. Low resting rate cells with vast energy reserves like muscle tissue can linger for much longer, and are still metabolically active for some time after death. Lower temperatures slow down cell metabolism and keep them alive longer.


Question: why are the bottoms of our feet and hands always much lighter than our overall skin tone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are the bottoms of our feet and hands always much lighter than our overall skin tone?

They have an extra layer of skin called the _stratum lucidum_. The extra thickness means the melanin that normally tints/tans our skin is less visible.


Question: Where does the energy behind the expansive force of water freezing come from, e.g. water-ice breaking pipes and closed containers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does the energy behind the expansive force of water freezing come from, e.g. water-ice breaking pipes and closed containers?

You are only looking at the thermal energy. Ice, water and steam also have different amount of energy. Ice have much less energy then water, even at the same temperature. When you freeze water the excess energy in the water is used to push away materials to allow it to expand and will also heat the water. This is why freezing water takes so much more energy then just cooling it. And that is where the energy that brakes whatever container the ice freezes in comes from.


Question: when we talk about how much a company is worth, do we talk about its assets worth or its actual funds, or a mix of both? How do people calculate it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when we talk about how much a company is worth, do we talk about its assets worth or its actual funds, or a mix of both? How do people calculate it?

If its a publicly traded company, the formula is simple. Multiply share price by the number of existing shares. For instance, Netflix has 452 million shares in existence going for 423 dollars a share, 452000000 * 423 = 191,196,000,000 dollars. Makes sense since each share is a small slice of equal ownership of the company. And the market decides the price of these shares based on a whole variety of factors. If its a private company, its a lot harder to put a price on it, but there are people who attempt to make valuations based on what the market will generally price a company of that nature at. > How does Netflix survive? By making 1.5 billion dollars a year in profit. That said, they may not even pay that debt off. If the money that would go to paying that debt off can instead be doubled in 5 years by reinvesting into the company, why pay it off now when you can pay it off in 5 years with a little extra on the side?


Question: How does YouTube accurately suggest what I want to search when I’m typing a video title into the search bar?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does YouTube accurately suggest what I want to search when I’m typing a video title into the search bar?

It has an algorithm that can track what other people search for after watching a certain video, and then will optimize it's search to keep you engaged on their site.


Question: Why do you very tired after sitting for 2 hours in a bus/car ride, but not tired after sitting for 2 hours at home ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you very tired after sitting for 2 hours in a bus/car ride, but not tired after sitting for 2 hours at home ?

even though you’re sitting in a car or bus, the vehicle is still moving, turning, braking, and accelerating. this causes your body and muscles to perform micro-movements that allow you to maintain balance while sitting. These micro-movements still use a tiny bit of energy which add up over time, thus making you tired


Question: How can owners of commercial real estate afford to have properties vacant for years at a time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can owners of commercial real estate afford to have properties vacant for years at a time?

I own commercial property and invest heavily in commercial property through an investment group. The prices of commercial property fluctuate greatly based on the rents collected and every city goes through cycles of boom and bust. So, when a city is doing poorly, the building start vacating and we will buy an empty building for pennies on the dollar because the owner is losing money. E.g. Two years ago, I bought a three story building that cost $3.5m to build for $1.1m Well, now the building literally across the street has a $4m mortgage to cover and I have $1m. But my building is empty and his is still full and there aren’t enough renter in the market to fill both buildings. So I will set my rent at 2/3 of his rent and within the next two years, my building is full and his is empty. If he lowers his rent, I lower mine more. He can’t afford to play this game because his mortgage is too high. I’ll also write shorter lease terms so that companies perceive a lower risk. But I insist on shorter leases because I’ll be raising my prices as the market recovers. Now, over time, one of two things will happen. Either the market will recover and my building will fill up and we’ll start raising rents. Or he will run out of patience and sell the building at a loss (quite possibly to me.) Now, the great thing about commercial building is that values are between 5x and 10x forward rents. So if my rents double, my value increases 10 times. A building full of 5 year leases is worth double a building with two year leases. So at no point did I care about the lease income much at all, though covering the mortgage is a bonus. In ten years, when the market has recovered, I will have filled the building and started writing longer lease terms and I will sell the building I bought for $1m for $5m. Great, a 5x return over ten years, right? No, not really... I only paid $250k for the building and mortgaged the rest. Most (if not all) of that mortgage was paid for by the tenants. Much of the rents above the mortgage, I invested into building improvements, which also helps my tax liability. My total return on investment was about 20x or 200% per year. It’s difficult, but I can live with those returns and I can certainly let the building sit empty for a couple years until the markets start to recover. How do I know the market will recover? Because I lowered rents. When building are empty, everyone lowers rents. I can afford to go lower, so I will get those renters first. Then the businesses in neighboring cities/states/towns move in because it’s cheaper.


Question: How can a needle on a Vinyl record recreate music perfectly including the Audio highs and lows?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can a needle on a Vinyl record recreate music perfectly including the Audio highs and lows?

Sounds are vibrations on the air. Highs are fast vibrations and lows are slow ones. The needle passes over ridges that cause it to vibrate fast and slow.


Question: If you were able to shoot a bullet perfectly straight in the air , would it come down at the same spot or would the earth's rotation effect it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If you were able to shoot a bullet perfectly straight in the air , would it come down at the same spot or would the earth's rotation effect it?

Let's isolate the variable from confounding factors. Let's fly to another planet, with no atmosphere, which is not rotating. On this planet, you can fire a bullet directly up, and it will fall directly down. No questions asked. Let's fly to another such planet, but one that is indeed rotating. From that surface, we can shoot a bullet directly up, and it will attain an altitude before it begins to fall. At this altitude it will achieve zero vertical speed for just a moment, in between its rise and fall. But it will still have a horizontal speed caused by the horizontal rotation of the shooter-and-gun-and-bullet on the surface of the planet. In the absence of an atmosphere, this horizontal speed **will not change**. But a circle around the planet at that altitude is not the same circumference as a circle around the planet's surface. Therefore, though the horizontal speed of the bullet did not change, the *angular speed* of the bullet (degrees/second or radians/second) **will not** remain the same. The angular speed is decreased at this altitude. The angular speed of the bullet will lag behind that of the shooter, beginning as soon as it rises above him. This lag will be greatest at the bullet's highest altitude. And the angular speed will equal that of the shooter when it returns to his altitude, but the bullet has already lagged behind the shooter, and won't be able to catch up.


Question: What is the difference between the Academy Awards and the Golden Globes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between the Academy Awards and the Golden Globes?

Awards are given out by various groups that want to draw attention *to themselves*. The Academy Awards are given out by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences - this is a group that is made up of actors, directors & everyone else that makes movies. The Golden Globes are given out by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association - this is a group of people that talk about movies. Then you have the People's Choice Awards which is chosen by polling regular people who just watch movies.


Question: Why does water left out in a glass for a few days start to taste different?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does water left out in a glass for a few days start to taste different?

TL:DR Carbon Dioxide. Longer answer; After the water has been sat around for a while, carbon dioxide in the air interacts with the water, this begins to lower the pH of the water and this gives the water its slightly stale taste.


Question: what is keeping us from transitioning completely to biodegradable plastic tomorrow?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is keeping us from transitioning completely to biodegradable plastic tomorrow?

Two (three) reasons. First, you can't just take a product-making facility and just suddenly start making those products out of a different material overnight. It requires many changes, from along the supply chain (have to get in the new material) and from the actual process (potentially different machines to do the assembly and so on). Secondly, bio-degradable plastic isn't structurally similar to most other kinds of plastic. Notably, it doesn't hold up its form well when exposed to heat, so any plastic object that needs to be able to get a little warm (such as a plastic coffee cup) can't be made of the stuff, since it would just melt away, introducing many problems. It also may not have the same structural strengths, so plastics used to reinforce an object wouldn't function properly. And it might not be as impermeable and thus wouldn't be able to replace packaging used for food preservation. Lastly, cost. Not only would the changes required in my first point take time, they also would cost a lot of money. And even then, the biodegradable plastic is often going to be more expensive regardless, which means even when the second point doesn't apply and the object in question *could* be replaced with biodegradable plastics, it may not be profitable to do so.


Question: Why do all online recipes start with 2-3 pages of text that nobody reads?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do all online recipes start with 2-3 pages of text that nobody reads?

DIY Pancakes from Scratch: Everyone likes pancakes! In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since. “Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.” He didn’t say any more, but we’ve always been unusually communicative in a reserved way, and I understood that he meant a great deal more than that. In consequence, I’m inclined to reserve all judgments, a habit that has opened up many curious natures to me and also made me the victim of not a few veteran bores. The abnormal mind is quick to detect and attach itself to this quality when it appears in a normal person, and so it came about that in college I was unjustly accused of being a politician, because I was privy to the secret griefs of wild, unknown men. Most of the confidences were unsought—frequently I have feigned sleep, preoccupation, or a hostile levity when I realized by some unmistakable sign that an intimate revelation was quivering on the horizon; for the intimate revelations of young men, or at least the terms in which they express them, are usually plagiaristic and marred by obvious suppressions. Reserving judgments is a matter of infinite hope. What You'll Need: 1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour 3 1/2 teaspoons baking powder 1 teaspoon salt 1 tablespoon white sugar


Question: How is it possible for any politician or official to endorse a candidate without violating the Hatch Act?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is it possible for any politician or official to endorse a candidate without violating the Hatch Act?

The Hatch Act specifically prohibits employees of the Federal Government from using the personal influence and official authorities given to them by their job, to interfere with an election. The Act has provisions which specifically allow the President, Vice President, and other high-ranking members of the administration to engage in most kinds of political activity. Furthermore, the Act also specifies that individuals employed in the Federal Government are allowed to engage in limited forms of political activity. Basically, the idea is to make sure the employees of the Federal Government remain non-partisan and don't use their positions of authority to leverage support. So, people working in positions at the Department for Homeland Security aren't explicitly allowed to support a political cause or use the powers afforded to them by their job to turn departments of the government into partisan support-bases.


Question: how do second derivatives work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do second derivatives work?

Since a derivative is a rate at which something changes, the second derivative is the rate at which that rate changes. Let’s say you had x^3 as your function. The derivative would be 3x^2, and the second derivative would be the derivative of that, which is 6x. Just follow the same rules.


Question: When E=mc2 is concerned, why does speed of light matter?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When E=mc2 is concerned, why does speed of light matter?

When you accelerate an object to relativistic speeds, the perceived inertia of the object increases. By perceived, I mean that from a non-accelerating reference frame, the inertia of the accelerated object seems to go up. An increase in inertia also means an increase in mass, since mass is what causes inertia. So now we have a relationship between energy, used to accelerate an object, and mass, which is gained when the object is accelerated. Einstein simply extended this relationship to all mass and energy. So why does c matter? Because the amount of energy needed to accelerate an object to relativistic speeds depends on c. As the speed of an object approaches c, the amount of energy needed to accelerate it further increases. This is why c, the speed of light, matters.


Question: Where does the Universe expand to?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does the Universe expand to?

The contents of the universe are not moving outwards into empty space. Cosmological expansion refers to the growth of space itself creating extra distance in between stuff. As far as we can tell, there is no “outside the universe.” There’s a limit to how far we can see which defines the “visible universe,” but that’s a horizon and not a physical edge.


Question: How does an empty product equal 1?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does an empty product equal 1?

'1' is the "identity" number for multiplication. That means that when you multiply by 1 it does nothing to the original number. So if there were no multiplication done the number that's left behind would be the identity number for multiplication. So... when you have an existing multiplication list and you add one more item to the list you multiply the previous list results by this new number joining the list. Well when the list is empty and you add your first thing you would multiply by 1 to make sure that first item is the result of the multiplication of the list. So, empty list has a product of 1. Similarly for addition/sums the result is 0 because 0 is the identity number for addition. Adding 0 to a number does nothing to the original number.


Question: Can someone explain trajectory of objects in space on different scales, eg. Does our solar system corkscrew through space? Does our galaxy and universe do the same? Does direction exist in space?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can someone explain trajectory of objects in space on different scales, eg. Does our solar system corkscrew through space? Does our galaxy and universe do the same? Does direction exist in space?

In order to define motion you must pick a reference point. If you pick the sun then all the planets move around it and the galaxy does too, so lets not because that's not what you're really thinking Lets use a line between two galaxies as a reference, it doesn't move much, gets rid of most of the rotation of the reference. If you look at the Solar System over a long time what would you see? [Something like this]( URL_1 ) The sun orbits the center of the galaxy and the planets orbit the sun, the result of these two orbits is a corkscrew, but only to a galactic observer who doesn't share the velocity of our system. Stars in galaxies rotate around the galactic core while it moves through space, again resulting in a corkscrew but only to an extragalactic observe this time. This is normally a very very slow orbit, but towards the core it can be fast, very fast. [The star S0-2(yellow) orbiting Sagittarius A* completes an orbit in just 15 years]( URL_0 ) hitting 1/60th the speed of light There are some more cool graphics here URL_2


Question: How come most (all?) mammals have separate liquid and solid waste disposal systems?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come most (all?) mammals have separate liquid and solid waste disposal systems?

Because the point of urine is only partially to get rid of urea. Mostly the point of it is to balance fluids and electrolytes. The kidneys have very finely tuned control over the amount of water lost. If they dumped into the bowels, the bowels would reabsorb a lot of the water, erasing the work of the kidneys. Additionally, it would make the kidneys more prone to infection, as your guts are teeming with bacteria. Lastly, diarrhea is no fun, and if you had integrated waste disposal systems, you'd constantly have diarrhea, increasing the amount of potentially harmful bacteria spread around the environment. Lizards and birds don't have to worry about a lot of those issues, because they excrete solid uric acid, so they have an integrated waste disposal system.


Question: How does lack of sleep slow down your metabolism?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does lack of sleep slow down your metabolism?

When we lack sleep, the body likely believes there is something wrong with our situation (sleep is such a basic necessity that its disruption surely signals some danger or inadequacy in the environment) and thus attempts to conserve energy by slowing our metabolism. Insufficient sleep additionally effects two key metabolism-related hormones in the body: one that controls the feeling of fullness (leptin), and one that controls the feeling of hunger (ghrelin). When you don't get enough sleep, the level of the hormone that controls the feeling of fullness decreases, while the level of the hormone that controls the feeling of hunger increases. Thus, you feel less full AND more hungry when you haven't slept enough. Since your metabolism is already slowed, this is the perfect recipe for overeating and potential weight gain if you sleep poorly for a long period of time. & #x200B; Sources: "Why We Sleep" by sleep scientist Matthew Walker, [ URL_1 ]( URL_1 ), [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ).


Question: Why is hexagon known as the most energy efficient shape?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is hexagon known as the most energy efficient shape?

It's just the best shape for maximizing the number of cells you get out of the same amount of beeswax. The bees could make cells out of any shape, but only three - squares, equilateral triangles, and hexagons - fit together perfectly with no gaps if they're all the same shape and size. Hexagons, it turns out, are just mathematically better than the other two options, using the least material. There's a [story]( URL_0 ) here about a mathematical proof in 1999 that finally solved a 2,000 year old conjecture that this was the case originally made by a Roman philosopher that is pretty neat


Question: Will body implants (breast implants, lip fillers etc...) cause the skin in that area to be slightly looser/stretched than before?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Will body implants (breast implants, lip fillers etc...) cause the skin in that area to be slightly looser/stretched than before?

It depends on the size of the implant/filler. Skin is somewhat elastic and over time will grow to accommodate the implant but if you go too big too quickly then it can damage the connective tissue and leave stretch marks.