Question: How can the weather be below freezing AND 100% humidity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can the weather be below freezing AND 100% humidity?

There are two forms of humidity: relative humidity (%) and absolute humidity (grams of water/liter of gas). Something that is at 100% humidity means that it is holding as much water as possible, no matter how little that may be.


Question: why do atoms want 8 valence electrons when things like H have 1 and He have 2 ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do atoms want 8 valence electrons when things like H have 1 and He have 2 ?

Hydrogen and Helium are special cases, because the first "layer" of electrons only fits 2. So it ends up being similar to how other elements work. Hydrogen has 1 electron and is happy to react with more hydrogen (creating H2, with two electrons) or plenty of other chemicals. Helium has 2 electrons and is "full" in the same way that neon is "full" with its 8 valence electrons - neither of them is reactive, because their valance shell is full. Once you get past those first two elements, you can start using the "8 valence electrons" rule as you move along the table - Lithium wants to give up its single electron, Fluorine wants to pick up one to add to its 7 and fill up, etc. It's just that the first electron shell is smaller and only fits 2.


Question: Why does a company or any organization still need accountants? Why cant every transaction be recorded in a computer and entered into the books automatically without needing a person to do it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a company or any organization still need accountants? Why cant every transaction be recorded in a computer and entered into the books automatically without needing a person to do it?

Well, many companies do fully automate their accounts already, e.g. they may conduct all their business through an enterprise platform like [SAP] ( URL_0 ). But there are still questions about how to interpret the law and categorise things within such systems. Laws, regulations and accounting standards can change, and questions about how to organise finances can get really complicated for a large company, and some accounting practices are optional, meaning accountants can advise on what to do to make the balance sheet look right.


Question: How does a Night Guard (a hard chunk of plastic) prevent clenching damage to teeth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a Night Guard (a hard chunk of plastic) prevent clenching damage to teeth?

Hard, but softer than tooth enamel. Just like you can go to town with a lead hammer on an iron sphere and never dent it. Tooth enamel is crazy hard.


Question: How does closed caption works?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does closed caption works?

A person listens to the soundtrack and types in what they're saying. Or it comes from the show's scriptwriter, which is why it's sometimes different than what's actually said.


Question: what is the reason for those few extra blank white pages in the back of a book?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is the reason for those few extra blank white pages in the back of a book?

Large books are often printed using sheets of paper arranged into "signatures" of a few sheets, and folding those in half, and binding those signatures together and a cover. Not every book's text can be arranged into a perfect multiple of 4/6/8whatever pages, so some pages will be left blank.


Question: Why do people look ugly when they take pictures with their front cameras?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people look ugly when they take pictures with their front cameras?

The cameras are usually of poorer quality than rear cameras but that's not the primary reason. The primary reason is front lens cameras are usually what we call wide angle cameras. This means they can see more around them (they are less "zoomed in") than the rear facing camera, because to fit an entire face and more into a selfie requires a wide field of view. Wide fields of view though are widely regarded to not look really flattering. [Here is an example of photos taken with various lenses showing you how this effect looks.]( URL_0 ). Note for iPhones, the front facing camera is closer to the first image and the primary rear camera is the second image, still a massive difference. This effect is slightly less worse as well if you take the photo from further away and zoom in. Selfies are taken close though because armspan.


Question: Why do we as people feel such satisfaction from watching mundane things like when the DVD graphic hits the corner perfectly or watching film getting peeled right to the end but we feel horrible when these things don't happen as we want or if someone ruins it just before the end?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we as people feel such satisfaction from watching mundane things like when the DVD graphic hits the corner perfectly or watching film getting peeled right to the end but we feel horrible when these things don't happen as we want or if someone ruins it just before the end?

Our brains have natural capacity to finish things. Our eyes can get blind spots, so if you're looking at something and your eyes don't see everything or you're telling a story that we're recalling for the 50th time and you've forgotten some details, our brain fills the missing information on the subject using context clues. For the most part, we're none the wiser when it happens. So when we something satisfying happen, it triggers the happy hormones when we see it completed, and if it's interrupted or not completed we get irritated since there's no happy hormones


Question: How did musicians, specifically rockstars in the 70's -90's, perform live without that ear piece that let's them hear themselves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did musicians, specifically rockstars in the 70's -90's, perform live without that ear piece that let's them hear themselves?

They had monitor speakers pointed at them which had a vocal heavy mix. A deluxe setup would allow each person their own mx. Also folkies would stick a finger in one ear to block out the sound of other instruments and voices.


Question: What exactly happens when you get "out of breath"? What tells our brains that we are back "in breath"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly happens when you get "out of breath"? What tells our brains that we are back "in breath"?

You might think that breathing is driven by oxygen demand, but paradoxically, it's driven by the need to get rid of carbon dioxide. There are chemical sensors in your brain that detect the amount of carbon dioxide in your blood. When it gets too high, it signals that you need to breathe more to get rid of it.


Question: What process does a rape kit use to tell if someone has been raped or not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What process does a rape kit use to tell if someone has been raped or not?

No, the kit can not measure consent. The kit looks for evidence of trauma and genetic material. The victim is the one who alleges facts regarding consent and then it is up to the investigators to build a case against the accused and up to the jury to decide if the evidence shows guilt or innocence of the accused


Question: why does google allow apps like “Adblock” in their chrome store? Doesn’t it directly cost them YouTube revenue? Are they forced to have the apps avaliable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does google allow apps like “Adblock” in their chrome store? Doesn’t it directly cost them YouTube revenue? Are they forced to have the apps avaliable?

Its because only a small portion of their hundreds of millions of users use adblock. They are not significantly impacted by it financially and if anything, the person displaying their ads is getting screwed over more than google.


Question: How does the end of a whip travel faster than sound when the person’s are doesn’t go anywhere near that fast?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the end of a whip travel faster than sound when the person’s are doesn’t go anywhere near that fast?

So when you throw a ball, your hand goes faster than your elbow, and your elbow is going faster than your shoulder, right? So a whip is like a continuation of that, the tapered shape of the whip accelerates each progressive bit of the whip faster and faster as it gets smaller and more flexible as you move towards the end. Eventually, if you whip it good, a part of the whip exceeds the speed of sound and you hear a 'crack'. Doesn't necessarily have to be tip, though.


Question: How Exactly Are Smartphones Designed For Planned Obsolescence? In Terms of Hardware.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How Exactly Are Smartphones Designed For Planned Obsolescence? In Terms of Hardware.

"Planned Obsolescence" is a poorly misunderstood term. Many people seem to think it refers to evil corporations trying to milk the public by having their products self-destruct in some fashion. In reality, it's reflective of the fact that when you engineer *anything*, you need to make decisions about how long it needs to last. It makes no sense to spend money ensuring one part will last 100 years when another critical part only lasts 6 months. The reason the products you buy today are so cheap is largely a result of designing products with a more precise sense of how long they'll last - and calibrating that time against the standard use of the product. With your cellphone, the product lifetime is normally determined by the battery. Batteries only have so many recharge cycles and the cost of increasing the number of recharge cycles is prohibitive. If you know how long your battery is likely to last, then you can select components that last a similar amount of time.


Question: With so many animal species going extinct, how has the Sloth survived this long?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 With so many animal species going extinct, how has the Sloth survived this long?

They generally stay high up in trees, away from predators. This is their defense mechanism. Their claws are also very dangerous.


Question: Why are "natural sugars" so much better for you than "added sugars"... aren't "added sugars" "natural" at some point?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are "natural sugars" so much better for you than "added sugars"... aren't "added sugars" "natural" at some point?

Sugar is sugar. The difference is that “natural” sugar, such as that found in fruit, is accompanied by a large amount of fiber. This fiber fills you up, potentially causing you to eat less of it. Added sugar such as what you’ll find in candy, soda, etc. are generally not accompanied by a large amount of fillers, allowing you to eat much more without feeling full.


Question: what is the diference between a 10 dollar mouse and a gamer one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is the diference between a 10 dollar mouse and a gamer one?

More consistent and tactile mechanics (yes it makes a difference) re-mappable buttons, more of them to begin with, better build quality, less Bluetooth lag, etc.


Question: What would happen if you liposuctioned 90% of all external fat a 400 pound obese man has?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen if you liposuctioned 90% of all external fat a 400 pound obese man has?

I think part of it has to do with just the kind of trauma such massive amounts of sudden tissue loss would do to your body. Fat cells need oxygen too so your fat stores have blood vessels running through them. I imagine part of the problem would be the massive amounts of blood loss and vascular destruction you’d be doing. Any tissue loss of that amount could easily result in a patient going into shock and dying very quickly. Though beyond that I’d also say that any operation that would even remotely come close to removing 90% of the body fat from a person that large would require so many incisions at so many different areas you’d be at a huge infection risk. This is partly because body fat isn’t all stored in the same spot. You have subcutaneous fat (the kind you can grab and squeeze relatively easily because it’s just below your skin) and visceral fat (the kind that is deep to your muscles and surrounds your internal organs). Very obese patients have a lot of visceral fat so it would be very dangerous to try to scoop a bunch of it out from around your organs. Going back to infection risk, if you let bacteria in that visceral fat, they are right next to the organs so it could easily become a huge problem. Edit: just saw you clarified “external fat” but the point is that a significant amount of the fat an obese person stores is not external but that deep visceral fat. To get to that fat to do any sort of 90% level massive fat loss operation would require getting to that fat.


Question: If Dell owns the majority of VMware, how can VMware be considering buying Dell?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If Dell owns the majority of VMware, how can VMware be considering buying Dell?

I've read that Dell has a bunch of debt because of its purchase of EMC. If VMware has enough money to buy Dell, and Dell owns the majority of VMware, doesn't this mean that Dell has enough money to buy itself out of debt?


Question: Do any other forces besides supply/demand factor in a company's stock price?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do any other forces besides supply/demand factor in a company's stock price?

Profit (technically) doesn't matter when it comes to stock. When you see a "price" for a stock, that's not the price sticker of the stock like an item on a shelf in the store, that's just the average price people are willing to pay for a share of it. You can sell your stock for less, you can sell it for more, as long as someone is willing to buy it. Therefore, the only real (ELI5) factor in determining stock price is how much someone is willing to pay for a share of that stock.


Question: For what reason do banks not employ two-factor authentication to ensure the authenticity of transactions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 For what reason do banks not employ two-factor authentication to ensure the authenticity of transactions?

Some banks do offer 2FA tokens. My mother is an administrator for a small business and has one on her keyring for all work transactions. The administrator for a small business that I work for has one on her keyring for work transactions also. Both businesses are with different banks. Many banks offer 2FA via SMS or downloadable apps. My bank sends me an SMS code for payments to any payee I'm transferring to for the first time or for payments over a certain amount. I would say your bank is just behind the times or has decided that the cost and risk involved with implementing it is not worth the hassle. It could also be that their primary customer base has not expressed any desire for a 2FA setup.


Question: How does it feel falling through a cloud while skydiving? Is it safe to perform such a feat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does it feel falling through a cloud while skydiving? Is it safe to perform such a feat?

As a pilot, I can advise that as a rule of thumb, clouds have turbulence. Not always bad turbulence, but I feel lik skydiving through them is asking. It some rough bumps. Just a WAG.


Question: what does specific impulse mean on rocket engines and which is better and which is worse?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what does specific impulse mean on rocket engines and which is better and which is worse?

Specific impulse is a measure of how efficiently a rocket or jet engine uses fuel to produce movement. It is the change in momentum per unit of fuel consumed, so more is better. With rockets it is very important how efficiently they can use their mass of fuel to produce movement because they need to carry it with them and it is in limited supply. Specific impulse isn't everything though because while some engines such as ion thrusters have amazing specific impulse their total thrust output is very low. You aren't going to get into orbit on just ion thrusters.


Question: Why do wireless peripherals come with their own bluetooth dongle? Why can't my PC use one dongle to connect to multiple devices?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do wireless peripherals come with their own bluetooth dongle? Why can't my PC use one dongle to connect to multiple devices?

The dongles don’t USE Bluetooth, or they wouldn’t need the dongle. It, as far as I am aware, is a radio wireless receiver that also serves to decode the signal transmitted from the mouse. As to why each mouse needs their own, one may use slightly different frequencies or something, but if I’m not mistaken it mostly has to do with preventing interference. It wouldn’t make sense for me to be able to plug in a mouse, and suddenly my buddy with the same brand can control it. Plus, it’s a lot cheaper on computer manufacturers to pass on the costs of the receivers onto the mice companies, considering the user may not even use a wireless one.


Question: how do we estimate the number of people in crowds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do we estimate the number of people in crowds?

A very simple way in which you can do this yourself is visually, from pictures. You look for elements for which you know the area, for instance delimited square sections of available standing space. You estimate how much of it is occupied purely visually with people, and then you estimate the density of people per square meter. The last one is trickier because people can be standing with varying spacing between one another, but you can approximate visually if you have a zoomed in image. It's also possible to go for an "upper approximate" by assuming people are as packed together as possible, and then knowing that the number you got is the maximum possible number and the real number is lower than that. If you decompose the entire crowd into enough subsections of known area, and have available "density" estimates for each one, then with purely visual methods you can estimate the number of people within an error range of +- 10% easily. Mathematically, for each subsection you have nr_of_people = occupied_area(in m^2 ) * people_per_m^2 . Sum up all the subsections of the image that you used, and you get the total estimate. It's a little time consuming, but simple.


Question: why do our eyes water when we have emotions such as anger, sadness or even when we're really happy ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do our eyes water when we have emotions such as anger, sadness or even when we're really happy ?

There are several types of tears we are able to produce which contain water and oily compounds: 1. Those always present that keep our eyes moist. 2. Tears produced through irritation, rubbing intended to help flush the object out. 3. Tears produced during intense emotion. These have been shown to contain amounts of neurotransmitters. Your bodies way of dumping excess amounts of these/helping regulate itself. It's why people report feeling better sometimes after "having a good cry"


Question: Why can plastic be opaque or transparent but we can’t make transparent metal?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can plastic be opaque or transparent but we can’t make transparent metal?

We can, although it’s usually in a crystalline form. True metal is opaque due to being conductive— this means the photons will be absorbed by the surface instead of passing through, something that’s part of the definition of metal. But transparent aluminium is a thing.


Question: Why do computers, phones, laptops etc. get slower as they get older?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do computers, phones, laptops etc. get slower as they get older?

Mostly it has to do with how much software you have installed on your device. The more stuff you have running the more computing power each application takes. When you first open your phone it has very few things running in the background. But, after you install Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, WhatsApp, etc. those programs are all running in the background making your phone a little slower. If you want to get some of the speed back you can do a factory reset. This will make the phone much closer to the speed it was when new. But then it will slow down again as you reinstall apps.


Question: Why doesn’t “Alexa” respond when it is summoned on TV?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why doesn’t “Alexa” respond when it is summoned on TV?

The show or ad has a buried frequency in it, which, when the Alexa hears it, it knows not to trigger.


Question: Why does Black ice make a different sound from other ice when it is skated on?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does Black ice make a different sound from other ice when it is skated on?

Correct me if I’m wrong but isn’t ice and black ice the same? Just that black ice forms on roads.


Question: Why can't infants ingest honey?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't infants ingest honey?

It's not because they can't physically digest it, it is due to the fact that honey can contain a bacteria called *Clostridium botulinum**,* which causes Botulism. Due to them being young and their immune systems aren't fully developed yet, this risk of catching this disease is a lot higher than in an adult, so it is advised that young children and the elderly do not eat honey


Question: IF There Are Infinite Numbers Between 0 and 1 How does 1 even exist? Can we say 1 is the end of infinity between 0 and 1?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 IF There Are Infinite Numbers Between 0 and 1 How does 1 even exist? Can we say 1 is the end of infinity between 0 and 1?

Your confusion might stem from the fact that you seem to be treating "infinity" as a single set of numbers when in reality there are different kinds of infinities. Take the set of positive integers, for example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5....... to "infinity." Mathematicians, (I'm not one) call this set of numbers "countably infinite" because you can begin to count them. You start at 1, add 1 to that to get 2, and so on. You can always keep adding 1 more, so therefore it is infinite. The set of numbers between 0 and 1, however, is uncountable infinite. Just try to count it. We start at 0. Then what? .01? .001? .0001? It's impossible to even get to the next number. So in a sense, you're not wrong that 1 is the end of an infinity, because it is the end of the infinite set of numbers bounded by 0 and 1. It's just not the end of the infinity that is the countably infinite set of positive integers.


Question: why do some swollen areas on the body (toes, fingers etc) have a sort of sheen on them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do some swollen areas on the body (toes, fingers etc) have a sort of sheen on them?

Skin when "at rest" isn't smooth but full of very small dips and crevices, which could be colloquially called "texture" as we witness it. When something under our skin expands (swells up) it stretches the skin and as such we don't see the "texture" of those small imperfections anymore, because there's no place left for crevices and faults.


Question: Why does the nose get stuffy when crying?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the nose get stuffy when crying?

The tears drain through ducts leading into the nasal cavity which is why the nose will run when you cry. This increased flow irritates the tissue which responds by increasing mucus production, clogging the nose.


Question: Why is 0.9 repeating equal to 1 and not infinitely close to 1?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is 0.9 repeating equal to 1 and not infinitely close to 1?

You're probably imagining that subtracting 0.9 repeating from 1 should give you 0.00000....000001 making them different. Except the string of zeroes is infinitely long so there's no 1 at the tail end. An infinite string of zeroes is simply zero making them the same number.


Question: Why would CICO not work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why would CICO not work?

The documentary "Fed Up" in part discusses the issues with how we perceive CICO in weight loss. CICO is basic thermodynamics. If you're using more energy then your body takes in, it will have to tap into its energy reserves, which means it burns fat. However, CICO is not an easy thing to calculate or figure out because of how complex our metabolisms are. The problem arises when you realize that a calorie out is universally equal. If you burn a calorie running, sleeping, thinking, or even digesting other food, it's still 1 calorie of energy burned; all calories out are created equal. The same cannot be said for calories in, which is where CICO starts getting tricky. The human metabolism is *incredibly* complex, we've evolved over millennia to be able to digest many varieties of foods and we need a different mechanism to digest different compounds in foods. CICO is easy to consider and follow if you assume that all of the food you eat is converted into energy equally, but our bodies have wildly varying efficiencies at digesting different foods based on their macro-nutrients. The most obvious example where this becomes more complicated is with sugar. Let's say you drink a can of Coke. Your body doesn't have to do a lot of work to get the sugar in Coke to be usable energy, so it gets dumped into your bloodstream very, very quickly after you drink it. This leads to a spike in your blood sugar, which triggers your pancreas to release insulin to either push the sugar in your blood into cells for energy, or convert the sugar into fat for later use. Now let's say that you instead ate an orange with the same amount of sugar in it. Unlike the Coke, which has no nutritional value outside of its sugar content, the orange has other vitamins and nutrients in it, most important being fiber. Our bodies can't digest fiber, it moves through our body un-digested until we poop it out. This fiber keeps your body from dumping all of that sugar in the orange right into your blood stream, and instead releases the sugar over time into your blood. The result is that there is a significantly smaller increase in blood sugar, and less of the sugar will be converted into fat by your insulin. To burn off the sugar from a can of Coke, you need the equivalent of a 20 minute bike ride. That same amount of sugar consumed in an orange won't need any amount of additional exercise or activity to burn, and will instead be burned ambiently through your body throughout the day. For more information about sugar specifically and how the body breaks it down in certain foods, check out the [glycemic index]( URL_0 ) which measures specifically what I've explained above, for many different foods. So, while CICO is strictly correct because of thermodynamics, it does **NOT** mean that you can ignore the nutrition content of your food and only focus on calories. That's where CICO doesn't work.


Question: What is dust? Where does it come from? What is it made of? Why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is dust? Where does it come from? What is it made of? Why?

It's a mix of sand dirt and moslty dead skin cells. It's always suspended in the air in the small amounts and gradually settles on stuff, it's just that when you move the stuff it gets disturbed and shaken loose so you only really notice it build up on things that aren't touched/moved for long periods of time


Question: How exactly has the urban transit infrastructure of so many American cities grown so poor?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly has the urban transit infrastructure of so many American cities grown so poor?

Public transit systems often bring in just enough revenue to cover operating expenses, but not enough revenue to save up for longer term investments/repairs/maintenance/growth. The least expensive model for maintaining and growing public transit infrastructure is to regularly invest in maintenance *before* problems become acute. However, this can be very tricky to do. It means increasing fairs or passing a bond issue, both of which are very unpopular with the public, during a time when there isn't an immediate pressing need to do so. Thus, many systems can only gain public support once the issues are acute, at which point the cost of repairs is far higher. In short, it is difficult to motivate the public to agree to investing funds when the need is not acute; once it is acute, the cost may have risen astronomically to a point where reasonable funding options are no longer available and systems must resort to extreme responses (e.g., DC's SafeTrack)


Question: Why do snail shells grow with them, but hermit crabs have to keep trading up?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do snail shells grow with them, but hermit crabs have to keep trading up?

Snail shells are actually a part of the snail. The more calcium they eat, the quicker they grow. Hermit crabs aren’t born with a shell, so they have to move into a new one as they grow


Question: Why do you need to study and memorize the best chess plays by previous players to actually become better at chess?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you need to study and memorize the best chess plays by previous players to actually become better at chess?

> everyone is just following one play out of the set of documented plays That is definitely not happening. Or rather, it might be happening, but VERY rarely. Chess has a huge number of (viable) variations, and the moment you opponent does one move different from your memorized play, it will play out very differently. Almost every game by good players will be something the world "hasnt seen" (aka none of the players have the moves memorized, in the huge pool of games that are played there might ofc be some that are exactly identical). The initial phase of the game - "the opening" - works kind of like that (because it starts from a fixed situation, so there isnt so much variation yet. This phase lasts maybe 3 to 8 turns. & #x200B; > and why is it so important to study/analyze past plays You try to understand general strategies for long term plays. You also try learn to recognize situations that allow you to apply certain tactics. Looking at games from good players and trying to understand their moves is a good way to do that. & #x200B; Cant comment on the Carlsen-question.


Question: What is the Mueller Investigation and why is it important?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the Mueller Investigation and why is it important?

Mueller investigation is into any potential ties between Donald trump or his campaign and Russia. Its important because the absolute worst case scenario trump enlisted the help of Russia to put him in the oval office. This would mean he is compromised and could not be acting in the best interest of the American people, which would be ground for impeachment. They are also looking into the claims of obstruction of justice surrounding the firing of former FBI Director James Comey. This would also be illegal and be grounds for Impeachment. At this point we do not know how deep the investigation goes or the results of the investigation, but things have gotten quite serious. Indictments are already written and by the looks of it are being served on Monday. The Grand Jury would not have pursued charges if they did not think they had something, so it is likely something shady went down and people are going to jail over it. The question now is how high up does the potential corruption go. Only time will tell.


Question: Do photons have no mass?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do photons have no mass?

This is a common point of confusion. Photons have momentum but they do not have mass. That is, once they have stopped moving there is no remaining mass.


Question: Why is water (H2O) effective at putting out fires when fire requires oxygen to keep burning?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is water (H2O) effective at putting out fires when fire requires oxygen to keep burning?

there are four things that make a fire: heat, oxygen, fuel, and an ongoing chemical reaction. take out any one of these, and the fire goes out. one quality of water is that it has a very high thermal density. this means it takes a lot of energy to change its temperature. when we put water on a fire, the heat of the fire goes into changing the water from liquid to steam. this uses up the heat of the fire, so the fire goes out. the oxygen that a fire needs is atmospheric oxygen (O2). the process of burning is the rapid oxidation of things. the chemical reaction part of the fire ties oxygen to parts of the fuel. the oxygen in water is already tied to the hydrogen, so the fire can't use it to continue burning.


Question: Why is it that when having a hot shower there is steam even though the water is no where near 100 degrees?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that when having a hot shower there is steam even though the water is no where near 100 degrees?

It's not actually steam, it's condensation. You've got hot water going into a cool room, the shower water is about 50° celsius, the air is less than half that warm. The heat transfers from the water to the air and the air absorbs the moisture along with it. After a certain point the humidity (water dissolved into the air) become high enough where a fog is created. That's the "steam" you're seeing, it's not hot water that's boiling into a vapor, it's the hot water from the shower being absorbed into the cool air around it.


Question: Why is 0 to the power of 0 undefined?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is 0 to the power of 0 undefined?

Because it gives you different answers depending on how you approach the problem. If you take a function like f(x) = x^(0), as x approaches zero the function approaches 1. Same with f(x) = x^(x). But if you do f(x) = 0^(x), as x approaches zero the function approaches zero. When you have conflicting limits like this, it means the value is undefined. That said, many mathematicians find it easier to simply define 0^0 as equal to 1.


Question: How does data take up physical space on a hard drive (or SSD)? Isn't it all just ones and zeros?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does data take up physical space on a hard drive (or SSD)? Isn't it all just ones and zeros?

Data doesn't take up physical space, but the more or less light switches that represent it do. One, or On, or True, or high voltage is one state. Zero, or Off, or False, or no voltage or negative voltage is the other state. If you wanted to represent 1 kb of data, you're going to need at least 1000 switches, as you have 1000 on-off states to represent. If you're using actual light switches, that's going to be pretty damn big, you're going to need a whole room. If you're using nanometre scale switches called transistors, you can fit a few trillion of the switches on a solid-state drive. Hard drive is a bit different, the switches are magnetic. It's a bunch of North and South poles to represent the 1's and 0's, but there's a limit to how small we can make each magnet, so a hard drive also has a physical size limit. A CD is again different. It's a bunch of tiny pits/holes in the disc that determine if a later bounces off or not. Again, there's a limit to how small you can make the pits, and how tight your laser is for reading them. Again, a physical size. There is a true, fundamental physical limit between data (also know as information or entropy) and space and energy, but none of our storage technologies are even close to this. Breaking this limit is a black hole. After which, you may irrevocably lose the data forever to the black hole, or maybe slowly gain it back over billions of years. Jury is still out on that one. This has nothing to do with actual storage technology, that's just a limit to our engineering ability to make a tiny switch of some sort.


Question: When writing an amount of money, such as '£50' or '50p', why does the '£' come before the amount of money but the 'p' comes after?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When writing an amount of money, such as '£50' or '50p', why does the '£' come before the amount of money but the 'p' comes after?

It's a quick glance tactic to avoid mistakes. If there is not a 0 and a decimal written before the number, one might actually misread ¢50 as $50 or vice versa, so the ¢ was after the amount. This was more prevalent in days of handwritten books as the two symbols were really only one curved stroke apart from each other. However, the presence of the 0 and decimal point can work just fine in electronic spreadsheet modernization. $0.50 is much more largely considered acceptable today as it's usually a computer doing the calculations.


Question: Why do our fingers curl up when the hands are laid down on a horizontal surface, instead of them laying flat as well?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do our fingers curl up when the hands are laid down on a horizontal surface, instead of them laying flat as well?

the how is covered, now to the why: a strong grip is more important than a strong finger-straightening. having your tendons balanced in a way that causes the fingers to curl by default means you get a little extra force to your grip it's kinda like the springs in a garage door that naturally pull up, so lifting the door doesnt take much more strength than pulling it down


Question: How does terminal Velocity work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does terminal Velocity work?

There's a thing called gravity that pulls things towards each other. When you fall from really high up, the earth is pulling you towards it (you're also pulling the earth but since it's *way* bigger you don't really move it, it can move you though). Now, when you fall, what are you going through? That's right! You're going through air. What's air made of? Lots of tiny particles. Now, the thing is, the faster you fall, the harder and often these little particles will hit you. You'll be going faster and faster until at some point, there will be so many particles hitting you so hard that they'll actually push you back with the same strength as gravity is pulling you down. So what now? One thing is pulling you down, and the other is pushing you up with the same strength. You can't go faster *or* slower. So you fall at *terminal velocity*. Terminal means final, and the speed at which you're falling is the final speed you can go since there aren't other forces that will help you change it. Are we supposed to take the 5 in ELI5 seriously, though?


Question: What is a 'pasteurised' energy drink, and why does that equate to healthier/requiring no preservatives, according to claims?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a 'pasteurised' energy drink, and why does that equate to healthier/requiring no preservatives, according to claims?

Pasteurization is the process of taking something in a sealed container and raising the temperature of that food item high enough to kill bacteria and holding it at that temp for a long enough period of time that they kill most bacteria in that container. The fact that it is sealed, and now bacteria free is what allows it to be safe to eat, and what makes it have a long shelf-life.


Question: - Why is it that after a night out drinking people often wake up relatively early and refreshed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why is it that after a night out drinking people often wake up relatively early and refreshed?

Alcohol is a depressant which your body is trying to fight. As the depressant wears off your body is still pushing the opposite way with adrenaline. The result is like trying to push back against someone who suddenly stops resisting: you fly forward. Your body suddenly experiences the positive effects of that adrenaline by waking up suddenly, possibly refreshed (though you'll feel like shit if you weren't drinking water).


Question: How are Asynchronous Calls Used?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are Asynchronous Calls Used?

Synchronous call - I'll drop you off at the store and wait her until you come back Asynchronous call - I'll drop you off at the store and periodically check to see if you are done Most calls are synchronous because the caller usually wants something right now and can't really proceed without it. But if what the call is doing is low priority, can take a long time, or is outside the control of the system, asynchronous calls make more sense. The drawback is they require extra logic to periodically check to see if the call has completed, or if it fails to complete.


Question: How and why do you see heat waves in a sunlit area on a table or desk when the sunlight is coming from a window?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How and why do you see heat waves in a sunlit area on a table or desk when the sunlight is coming from a window?

You're seeing hot and cold air travel round in turbulent flow. The hot and cold air will bend light differently.


Question: When people in movies kill someone by snapping their neck to the side with their hands does that actually kill them or just leave them paralyzed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When people in movies kill someone by snapping their neck to the side with their hands does that actually kill them or just leave them paralyzed?

Does not always kill them. People often survive and fully recover. Many become quadriplegic. "Snapping" someones neck can stop the signals being sent from your brain from being sent downwards towards the rest of your body. The reason people die from this is because the signals that cause breathing and your heart to beat come from your brain. Therefore, whether a person lives/dies/paralyzed from this is determined by how "badly" their neck is broken/what effect it has on the integrity of the spinal cord.


Question: Why is it easy to pick up a child that weighs 40 to 50 kilograms but very difficult to pick up a 40 to 50 kilogram weight?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it easy to pick up a child that weighs 40 to 50 kilograms but very difficult to pick up a 40 to 50 kilogram weight?

The weight of the child is spread out over a large area compared to the relatively small area of the weight, making the child appear easier because it uses more muscles.


Question: Why is Hurricane Dorian consider the worst hurricane in decades to hit Florida, if its estimated that will arrive as C4 when Irma arrived as C5?.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Hurricane Dorian consider the worst hurricane in decades to hit Florida, if its estimated that will arrive as C4 when Irma arrived as C5?.

Hurricane category ratings do not capture all the destructive qualities of a storm. They only measure one thing: wind speed. They do not measure rainfall, storm surge, how large in terms of total area the storm is, or for how long the storm will persist over a given land region. Because of this, lower category storms can be far more destructive than higher category storms, if they dump more rain, have a higher storm surge, hit a larger area of land, or stall out over a particular area for longer. Hurricane categories are extremely misleading to the general public for just this reason. **Do not** conflate a hurricane's category rating for its destructive potential.


Question: had a shower thought...why do the drawings you put in fogged glass stay there even after a session of defogging and into the reformed glass?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 had a shower thought...why do the drawings you put in fogged glass stay there even after a session of defogging and into the reformed glass?

The oils on your finger stick to the glass and less water vapor will stick to the oily sections of the glass when you re-fog it.


Question: How it can be written in the DNA of animals and plants the need to reproduce and preserve the species?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How it can be written in the DNA of animals and plants the need to reproduce and preserve the species?

All we are is bits of dna trying to replicate itself. Once it found that trick the game is on. All of life if just that - dna proteins doing its best to replicate again and again. Each version in evolution is just a better way for DNA to replicate. There is no actual point to it all - the need to reproduce is just to continue the drive of DNA replicating. It sounds down - but thats not what I meant. I think that life in all forms is amazing - but ultimately it has no need or want other than just keep producing DNA. Read the "selfish gene" by Dawkins or even better "the extended phenotype" although that one is a full on science text rather than popular science easy reading stuff.


Question: If the moon immediately vanished forever, what would would be the immediate effect on earth and what would happen to the planet and humans in the long run?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the moon immediately vanished forever, what would would be the immediate effect on earth and what would happen to the planet and humans in the long run?

I won't talk about how the tides would stop and the environmental effects of that, as others already spoke of that. Instead, I'll talk about the moon's very important role as a rotational stabilizer for the earth. First, let's talk about how the moon affect's earth's rotation speed. The moon affects earth's rotation speed via a phenomenon known as Tidal Braking. Basically, because the moon pulls on earth's oceans, it causes the oceans to have increased friction with the earth itself, which acts as a brake of sorts and slows the earth rotation down ever so slowly. This is not a one sided effect - as the complex interaction between the moon, the oceans, and the earth, also cause the moon to drift away slowly from the earth. Very early in earth's history, it rotated at a high speed, where a day lasted for about 5 hours as opposed to today's 24(ish). The moon's slowing of the earth rotation allowed it to gradually become more hospitable to life. This is a double edged sword, as in the far future, an extreme slowing down of earth's rotation will do the opposite of that. If the moon were to completely vanish (not drift away, not explode, just vanish) - the Tidal Braking effect would stop (or diminish, as other objects still pull on the earth's oceans), and the earth rotation will stop slowing down (or rather, the slowing down would slow down by a lot). In addition, the moon provides a stabilization to the earth's rotation axis. All rotating planets & stars don't rotate steadily - they wobble. Their rotational axis constantly moves around, wobbling like a spinning top. The effect is most pronounced in cosmic bodies which have other gravitational influences around it - for example the sun wobbles a whole bunch because of all the orbiting planets around it which pull it in all directions all the time. This is no different with the earth - the earth wobbles. However having a massive moon like ours provides a strong stabilization factor to this wobble. Because of the moon's mass and proximity, it offers the biggest influence on the earth's rotational axis, and in fact stabilizes it. Thanks to the moon, earth's axis is actually very stable, with a lot less wobble than other cosmic bodies, and this axial stabilization allows the earth's weather to be a lot more consistent as well. This has been a tremendous boon for life on earth, as a larger axial wobble would cause more climate instability, having catastrophic effects on earth's ecosystem. So if the moon were to completely vanish, one of the other things that would happen is that earth's climate will become less stable and less hospitable. Basically, the moon is our planet's other MVP. It's the reason you and I are here to talk about it today. Edits: A bunch of spelling & some minor elaborations


Question: Why does chocolate taste so bad after it melts and cools down again?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does chocolate taste so bad after it melts and cools down again?

Master Chocolatier here. There isn't a lot of actual chocolate in an M & M. Melt real chocolate (e.g. mostly ground cacao with sugar), let it resolidify, and it will taste pretty much like chocolate. The texture will be odd, but that's just because the chocolate is de-tempered (randomly recrystallized) and is fixable by re-tempering. I enjoyed Stuff Matters by Mark Miodownik, btw, but much of his chapter on chocolate was inaccurate.


Question: What does 'tension' in High Tension and Low Tension cables mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does 'tension' in High Tension and Low Tension cables mean?

Have you ever seen those videos where they create a tree pattern in a slab of wood using electricity? That's what high voltage wants to do to everything it touches, so if you are going to insulate a cable for, say, underground transmission you have to use an appropriate insulation. "Cross-linked polyethlyne", or XLPE, is common but there's a lot more to it you can read about. The tension in high and low tension cables simply means the level of voltage it (the insulation) can withstand under normal conditions. I highly recommend you watch some videos on cable joining to see how important the insulation and proper care/installation is on high voltage cable. It can be a tedious and lengthy process and everything has to be done cleanly and without scratching any cable or letting any moisture in. Even more interesting is the use of "stress relief" tape or cones specifically to mitigate the tension at a high voltage join. I tried finding a product video I was shown at my old job that showed the difference vs not using one. Fascinating stuff.