Question: How did "cheater boxes" (cable descramblers) allow you to watch premium TV channels for free?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did "cheater boxes" (cable descramblers) allow you to watch premium TV channels for free?

Way back when, television was an analog signal. More accurately, it was a *series* of analog signals that your 100%-analog color television could use to produce a picture. You have three signals for color (your TV only looked at one if it was black-and-white) and a "timing" signal that indicated when it should start drawing a new line. The "vertical hold" was a sometimes-manual synchronization to that signal. "Scrambling" was really just that. Some of the signals were inverted, some of them were switched. But, fundamentally, you couldn't *add* in junk or actually do significant *math* to obscure the signal, because televisions simply didn't have the ability to un-do that and produce a working picture for your paying consumer. Likewise, before relatively powerful integrated electronics became available, it wasn't economically feasible to give a customer a powerful computerized set-top box just to watch some television. So your "encryption" was a scheme with only a few variables. Throw off the synchronization here, swap a color field here, and it would make the picture "off" enough to be unwatchable. But, likewise, once someone figured out your mechanism, they just had to create a relatively simply "decoder" to bring that signal back. TLDR: Analog encryption wasn't terribly complicated, but it was analog, so it required *hardware* as opposed to something digital, which might be more complex, but also could be done with a wider variety of hardware. Nowadays, everything is digital (because computing power, even for high-definition video, is so cheap) so analog encryption/decryption isn't a thing.


Question: What does bug spray do to an insect that makes them writhe around as soon as they’re sprayed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does bug spray do to an insect that makes them writhe around as soon as they’re sprayed?

Many insecticides contain pyrethrins which bind to the sodium channels responsible for nerve transmission. Application of insecticides containing pyrethrins results in initial hyperactivity of the nervous system (inducing the writhing you describe), then blockage of all nerve impulses resulting in death.


Question: why do organs like the heart, liver and kidneys work properly from the day you are born but the reproductive organs are inactive until later in life?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do organs like the heart, liver and kidneys work properly from the day you are born but the reproductive organs are inactive until later in life?

Heart, liver and kidneys are essential for living. Reproductive organs ain't. Puberty is when the hormones from your brain "activate" the organs because you've reached the age of maturity that your body determines is able to use your reproductive organs. This happens before anyone is emotionally mature enough to use them, however, because sometimes biology is awful.


Question: What are the bubbly feeling things inside our lips and cheeks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the bubbly feeling things inside our lips and cheeks?

Dentist here. The skin in the area has multiple layers, and will change depending on your habits. I see you’re a fellow cheek biter, and I have the same specks you’re talking about. So ELI5 version: You’re repeatedly damaging the skin there by biting it, so your body decides create a “stronger” layer (fibrous tissue). This tissue is just your body’s way of dealing with the chronic biting. A more common presentation is what we call linea alba or traumatic fibroma. Normal skin still dominates and is everywhere because it’s what your DNA codes for. You should have your dentist look into it if: -Any spot starts to hurt, and keeps on hurting for more than three days. -A *significant * increase in the number of them. Or just shoot me a message with a picture. Teledentistry could be helpful here.


Question: Regarding the OnePlus5, why does inverting the screen cause the "jelly" scroll effect?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Regarding the OnePlus5, why does inverting the screen cause the "jelly" scroll effect?

It's *probably* a trick of the eye combined with a software behavior. Especially considering some users with phones not made by OnePlus can get the same effect by inverting their phone and scrolling. The screen isn't updating the picture all at once. It updates chunks. If you go frame by frame on that video (protip pressing . and , on YouTube skip one frame) you may notice that certain chunks of the screen start to move before others, and it looks like the chunks near the bottom are the first ones to move. This makes it look stretched for a moment, because one line of text has moved and the one above it has yet to do so. The screen is **supposed** to update from top to bottom. Since your eye is used to reading top to bottom, the effect is hard to notice on most phones since people are looking at the top area, then the bottom area, and by the time they move their eye it's all moved to the proper position. But since OnePlus installed the screen upside down and has the OS flip the image, the graphics driver still does the "top to bottom" behavior.


Question: What is an easy way to explain the basic concept of music theory ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is an easy way to explain the basic concept of music theory ?

When two different pitches are played at the same time, that's called harmony. Harmonies can be consonant or dissonant. When we look at the mathematical frequencies of the two notes, they make a ratio. If the ratio is nice and easy, like 1/2 or 2/3 or even 3/5, they match up and sound nice. We call that consonance. If the ratio is weird like 9/17 or something, they don't match up very well and sound like they are clashing. We call that dissonance. Generally speaking, people like to hear consonance more than dissonance. But sometimes musicians will deliberately use dissonance (as long as it isn't too bad) that resolves to consonance because it makes tension and then release. It's like how in a movie where the evil guy bad is about to kill the hero but then the hero defeats him at the last minute. If the whole movie were just rainbows and lollipops there's no tension, no conflict. It would be boring. In the same way, musicians will tend move from consonance and dissonance and back again and all around, which makes an interesting piece of harmony. Of course consonance and dissonance are not a black and white thing. There are different varieties and flavors of them. In the same way that an artist will mix reds and blues to make a new shade of purple, a musician can combine notes and harmonies in different ways to make an interesting piece of music.


Question: I've been seeing alot of stuff about Amazon workers wanting to join a union. What does a union do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I've been seeing alot of stuff about Amazon workers wanting to join a union. What does a union do?

It's difficult as one person to make demands from a company because one person is replaceable, but all together, they are less replaceable and can request better pay and treatment.


Question: Why does water that's been frozen for a long time taste very different when defrosted than it did before it was frozen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does water that's been frozen for a long time taste very different when defrosted than it did before it was frozen?

If you mean frozen in a freezer, then it’s because it absorbs many of the smells that come out of other foods and drinks, gases, etc. in your freezer. If you break off some ice from a pristine stream, or even sea ice in the arctic and melt it it will almost definitely taste like pure water (unless there was some pollutant present in the environment).


Question: Why can we see faraway light source (e.g. cars, lamps, stars) clearly when it doesn't seem to illuminate my position?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can we see faraway light source (e.g. cars, lamps, stars) clearly when it doesn't seem to illuminate my position?

The difference is this: For you to see light, the light has to be strong enough to reach your eye and produce a reaction there. For it to illuminate you, it would have to reach you, scatter off you, reach someone else's eye, and produce a reaction there. During the scattering, the light is spread out more, so it becomes fainter. Let's look at the case of a laser pointer. Point the laser at the wall, and the scattered light is comfortably visible. Point it at your eye, and you're looking at serious eye damage.


Question: Why do speed wobbles occur in skateboards?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do speed wobbles occur in skateboards?

They happen when you're not planting enough downward force into the board to stabilize it. Depending on how loose your trucks are you need to have a good amount of residual balance in your entire foot + heel to keep the board level while sinking into it. Usually occurs if you think about how fast you're going instead of feeling how fast you're going and end up leaning too far forward or back.


Question: How do babies in the womb not get the negative affects of blood rushing to their head while being upside down for so long?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do babies in the womb not get the negative affects of blood rushing to their head while being upside down for so long?

Imagine being upside down in a pool. Not quite the same blood rush to the head, is it? A fetus is basically in a fluid filled sac.


Question: how are traffic lights programmed, especially during rush hour?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how are traffic lights programmed, especially during rush hour?

Someone didn't do their job right, that's why it's not working well. Or...maybe the controller has switched over to a failsafe program to handle that one or more of the detectors are broken. It can be the failsafe program that is poorly written too. Theoretically, it can also be a broken button for pedestrian crossing that constantly demands a time slot, and thus breaks the program. Or, I guess, a clock that thinks it's midnight when it's rush hour, so that what you see is actually the night program where the program makes a lot more sense. Either way, that is not how it's supposed to be.


Question: Why do Bluetooth speakers take so long to connect to phones that are regularly connected to the speaker?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do Bluetooth speakers take so long to connect to phones that are regularly connected to the speaker?

It helps to think about the Bluetooth connection like a hose with lots of spurting instead of a nice stream. To make the audio you hear seem smooth, the receiver will usually have some buffer it uses to store the information before playing it. This is kinda like having a bucket with a smaller hole which you run the hose into so that as long as more is going in than out, the stream stays smooth. Once the buffer is full the first time, the audio starts playing and any connection issues get smoothed over. The delay is probably one part the actual connection time and the rest is the buffer filling up so it can start playing.


Question: Why is more use not made of the lateral pass in American football? For example, when a pass to a teammate would make for an easy touchdown.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is more use not made of the lateral pass in American football? For example, when a pass to a teammate would make for an easy touchdown.

I ask as someone who plays rugby, where a try is essentially the equivalent of a touchdown and lateral passes in a 2on1 situation are a common feature. Though I suppose in rugby it’s not legal for the defender to slap the ball down once it’s in the air after being passed.


Question: how do corporations get away with “house brands” such as Walmart having Equate products that are “Head and Shoulders” shampoo even comparing themselves to them on the bottle and are cheaper?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do corporations get away with “house brands” such as Walmart having Equate products that are “Head and Shoulders” shampoo even comparing themselves to them on the bottle and are cheaper?

Here's something to blow your mind, since you are already having a hard time understanding it: Many times, those Equate products are made in the same plant that the name brand products are. They just put it in different bottles. You are literally buying the name of the product if you don't want to buy the generic version.


Question: How can rain reach the floor without evaporating when waterfalls that get past a certain height do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can rain reach the floor without evaporating when waterfalls that get past a certain height do?

Waterfalls aren't evaporating, the flow of water is being pushed apart by air so that it becomes lots of little droplets, just like rain. If the air is turbulent, these droplets become finer and finer until it's just mist.


Question: What makes a computer's processing speed "fast", and why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes a computer's processing speed "fast", and why?

The cpu is the brain of the computer and does all the processing and calculations. The reason why it’s fast is because they literally compute millions of data per second. Your question is a little vague so if you want a more thorough answer I’d need a more detailed question.


Question: What is borderline personality disorder?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is borderline personality disorder?

Personality can usually be thought of as a set of traits (thought patterns, emotional patterns, and interaction style) that people rely on to form a sense of self-identity. Most people's traits are relatively stable, so they have a stable sense of self. People with BPD experience rapidly and unpredictably fluctuating thoughts and emotions, which leads to an unstable interaction style and a poor sense of self-identity. It can be intensely distressing for both the person with BPD and the people in their life.


Question: What is the calculator trying to do when you divide something by zero?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the calculator trying to do when you divide something by zero?

It's not trying to do anything, it simply recognizes that dividing by zero is an undefined operation and gives you an error. Any sane programmer or engineer is going to trap an error condition like this *before* starting to solve the problem and running into issues later. You're looking at: def divide(x, y): if y == 0: RAISE EXCEPTION("can't do that bro") else: do_stuff()


Question: How did Disney animate their early animations (e.g. Snow White)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did Disney animate their early animations (e.g. Snow White)?

So, they were hand-drawn, but perhaps not quite in the way you think. Each frame consisted of many different drawings--you'd have a background, then trees or buildings, then characters, and then sometimes actual faces of the characters--something like that. So then to put it all together there was a device that layered all of these different drawings so that if you're looking at them from the top, they all blend together into one frame (and then if your next frame is the same except that someone is talking, you only have to change out whichever layer is changing the person's mouth). When you have it all set, you then take a picture of the total frame setup, and you have your one movie frame. At that point, it's essentially just like any other picture or part of a movie reel, and can be copied the same way,


Question: What are presidential alerts on the phone designed for?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are presidential alerts on the phone designed for?

> Is it for imminent nuclear strikes? Apocalyptic meteors rapidly approaching Earth? Yes, basically. Maximum level threats that every civilian **must** be aware of. It's there so that you know disabling disaster alerts does not disable presidential alerts.


Question: why do we find it so comfortable to cross our arms or legs? Surely sitting with legs flat and spread and arms at our sides is more natural and comfortable.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do we find it so comfortable to cross our arms or legs? Surely sitting with legs flat and spread and arms at our sides is more natural and comfortable.

One limb is allowed to completely relax the muscles on top of the other. If you cross your left leg over your right leg, you're allowing your left leg to be completely at rest, so it feels good. That's why the other limb can get stiff after a while.


Question: How does advertisements actually profit? I find it hard to believe that they actually cover the cost that it took to run.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does advertisements actually profit? I find it hard to believe that they actually cover the cost that it took to run.

Yeah they do. There are metrics they run. Some ads work and some don't. That is where an agency comes in. They do all the market research on what should bring new customers in your door. So lets take Holiday Inn for example. Not every ad is big budget. Some are small low cost and some are high dollar budget. Each one serves it purpose. Large expensive campaigns are about brand awareness. So when you think hotel the first name to pop into your head is Holiday Inn. These will be run at regular intervals during high rated prime time shows. They will be shocking usually with humor and will probably avoid the color red and have a lot of bright colors that complement blue but will many be greens and yellow tones. If watching TV in a dark room the commercials usually light up the room with its tones. Each camera angle change creates a dynamic tone change to mimic the effect of a police light. Attention, attention. The blue complimentary tones in such a manner are exciting but somewhat calming. Trusting tones. If its a lawyer ad for a accident lawyer. They will often do the opposite. Complimentary tones to red. Showing power, and dominance. So Holiday Inn is planting a seed in your brain that they are exciting, trustworthy, flashy but safe. Than they have the upkeep ads. Shorter less flashy, hardly any humor. They might be just their logo on billboards, 30 secs calm ads at less watched times on tv where they pay a channel X amount of dollars to show X amount of times in a specific date range of their choosing. That isn't about brand recognition but to just remind you over and over. Holiday Inn express. Holiday Inn Express. The hardest part of a business is getting new customers. New customers are the life blood of any business. And they are worth a lot. You are looking at each potential customer as being only worth their visit. But its considered so much more than that. Im going to give a hypothetical situation of their value. Lets say a company got a large group of people and divided them up in groups. They took the largest group lets just say its 20 total people as the example for ease in that group and tailored an ad that is specific to them. They hit all the marks in the commercial based on predetermined likes and needs of that group. The group wanted a value, but it to look like a nice hotel. The group also travels for work, and breakfast included is a perk. They are ages 35-50 and the humor they like is somewhat goofy not edgy. All 20 watch the commercials and over 90% of them are impressed by Holiday Inn Express's promises. 2 had previously bad experiences with the hotel, but are now reconsidering staying at another sometime to give them a chance. One in the group travels with a team in a company for promotions and is in charge of booking all the stays for everyone. Only one person doesn't think they would choose holiday inn express in the future. Most plan to use in the future if traveling. More than 10 plan to use it with in a year. Most importantly most will think of it now when the topic of getting a hotel room. Also people use company names as examples when suggesting things. Someones mother in law has to head in for a funeral. People part of the ad focus will now say stuff along the lines. Hey are you going to stay in town that weekend? Do you need to stay at the house or are you going to need a reservation at a holiday inn or something. The commercial plants that word to be less proper noun and just be a common noun for something. Like some people refer to soda as Coke even when it is not. Holiday Inn wants their name to be to the word hotel as Coke is to the word soda. Back at those 20 people though. Even only 20 people the possibility of those people being a driving force is endless. Not only does holiday Inn possibly gain their business the first time, but they have a chance for repeat business with those and all the referrals that come after that. Now multiply that by the number of people who watch any given prime time show live on tv, its in the millions. That commercial was designed for the largest group of potentially customers they could faction a commercial for. Of that group of hundreds of thousands of potential first time customers. They have to convince those thousands of customers to come in or come back so they can continue to form a larger and larger loyal customer base. And since their loyal customers die off eventually they have to continue this game until they are no longer profitable and viable as a company. If an ad doesn't bring new customers in the door, the ad company is replaced.


Question: How can the brain differentiate the timbre from sounds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can the brain differentiate the timbre from sounds?

Timbre is when a sound has impure waves. You can go online and find a tool that will generate a simple sine wave, the most basic and pure tone. It sounds artificial because nothing in nature produces pure sine wave sound. If you look at the waveform (wave shape) of an instrument, you'll see a wave that's not a sine wave. A trumpet, for example, has something more akin to a triangle shape than the smooth curves of a sine wave. This is because there are many sine waves of different wavelengths added together in an instrument's overall wave. In your ear, there are a bunch of little hairs that can each detect a specific wavelength. The brain adds the results all up to figure out the overall sound. In short, different timbres are caused by different sound waves, which your ear can tell the difference between.


Question: Why have certain wealthy countries managed to reach very high population numbers compared to other equally wealthy ones? Is the GDP not a factor that affects population growth? Which are the biggest factors that affect population growth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why have certain wealthy countries managed to reach very high population numbers compared to other equally wealthy ones? Is the GDP not a factor that affects population growth? Which are the biggest factors that affect population growth?

Land area is a big factor. You can't jam as many people into Ireland as you can into the United States.


Question: how does overclocking a computer work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does overclocking a computer work?

The system oscillator, a little chip that synchronizes the other chips, is set to run at a higher frequency than the standard that the chips are engineered for. To improve yield, most parts operate perfectly well a little above the standard frequency. The overclocker makes their clock a little faster in steps until their computer starts to have random errors. Then they dial the clock back a little and they know that their computer is running as fast as the slowest part can go.


Question: How does Math describe Nature so well ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Math describe Nature so well ?

I disagree with most of the other posters. Math was NOT made to understand or represent nature. It is entirely separate. Mathematics is pure logic. There is nothing in nature we could find to contradict any mathematics, nor is there any possible universe where math could be different. Mathematics is the study of implications. If we know X then Y MUST also be true. There is nothing new we learn in terms of the world. Mathematics is usually understood as starting from a set of unprovable assumptions and then deriving what you can from it. Now the history of mathematics is filled with examples of us studying the type of problems we may see in our lives. How much material do I need to construct a fence around my field. How much stone do I need to build a pyramid. So a lot of the things we study are basically the abstractions of these type of problems, but there is nothing that necessarily makes that so. Now Mathematics is used in science mostly since it is good at showing the implications of structure and our universe has structure. The link to the world is usually grounded in the things which are seen as explaining that structure. Mass and distance are what is important about how an object moves due to gravity. We then know since the world has structure that if we know mass and distance, then we must know the gravity force. It is the same type of things as before. We find the things in nature such that we know some things, then we also MUST know these other things. Math is good at that. In some sense, the world must be predictable and uniform to some extent to even allow things like humans to exist, so predictable and uniform basically means there is structure we can codify in math.


Question: How is non-dairy yogurt made?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is non-dairy yogurt made?

According to [the first Google . for "[how is non-dairy yogurt made]( URL_0 )," it's pretty much the same as fermenting dairy except you may need a thickener to get it to set and could need to add a little extra sugar to jumpstart the fermentation.


Question: How does a larger budget equate to a better story?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a larger budget equate to a better story?

It doesn't necessarily. But more money does mean you can hiring script doctors to fix problems, and better crew to execute the story to its fullest. But there are lots of high budget movies with bad stories.


Question: How exactly did OJ Simpson get a not guilty verdict? The evidence seemed insurmountable

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly did OJ Simpson get a not guilty verdict? The evidence seemed insurmountable

In fact, the evidence was pretty shaky. The two main items of evidence were the testimony of Det. Furman, who the defense successfully impeached as racist, maybe racist enough to frame Simpson. (Probably Furman was just garden-variety sorta prejudiced, but he was prepared very poorly to field questions about it.) Then there was the DNA, but the defense also showed that the county's tracking and recordkeeping procedures with evidence were lax, so if Furman really were intent on framing Simpson, it would have been possible for him to adulterate the sample. Therefore, both major planks of the prosecution's case were questionable. Then, the prosecution relied on Simpson, an experienced actor, to try on the gloves and surprise, surprise, they didn't fit. (Which is why you never let the other side control one of the main elements of your case.) Normally in L.A. County, when a big black dude was accused of killing a white woman, the prosecutors knew it would be an easy conviction to get, especially from a mostly white jury. And so they did a shitty job of building their case. But this particular big black dude was rich, famous, and charismatic, and so he was able to put them to the test in a way most defendants weren't, and they had no capacity to respond. I would imagine that every single member of the jury in that case thought Simpson had probably done it. But after the defense poked holes you could drive a truck through in all the County's evidence, there is no way the jury could vote to convinct consistent with their oath to find guilt "beyond a reasonable doubt." Because it wasn't likely that Furman manufactured to whole thing, but he was so badly impeached, it was certainly possible. Edit: typos


Question: What happens when you deposit cash into an ATM? What does the bank do with the physical cash?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens when you deposit cash into an ATM? What does the bank do with the physical cash?

Everything here is correct, but to add. Banks keep accounts with the federal reserve in addition to having vaults. When the bank needs cash, it withdraws money from it's account with the reserve and an armored truck delivers the bills. If it has a surplus of cash, it has an armored truck take some of it's cash back to the fed and is credited with the account. When you give a bank a $20, more often than not that $20 goes to the next guy who goes to withdraw cash. But no, they don't track individual bills to individual accounts. Once you deposit the money, the physical bill goes in to the general cash of the bank.


Question: Why is water cooling advertised as silent for computers but the radiator has fans in it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is water cooling advertised as silent for computers but the radiator has fans in it?

Marketing is a kind of temporary reality that ceases to exist the minute you buy something.


Question: Why does the United States always appear on the left side of a map?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the United States always appear on the left side of a map?

because the maps you're looking at has the US on the left side. Europe centered maps are popular in western countries. other maps don't have the US on left side. example of a Asian centric map. URL_0 in most maps, it's advantageous to have the sides of the map be somewhere insignificant, like middle of the ocean where nobody lives. there are 2 great areas like that, the atlantic ocean and the pacific ocean. most maps you've seen use the pacific ocean as the divide.


Question: - If you were in space and had a space suit over your entire body except for your hand, what would it do to you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - If you were in space and had a space suit over your entire body except for your hand, what would it do to you?

That exact thing happened for Joe Kittinger in 1960. It was in a high altitude balloon flight with a pressure suit. It was at 100 000feet the pressure there is 1% of the pressure at sea level so that is not a significant difference from a perfect vacuum for an exposed human hand. His right glow sprung a leek during ascent. The suit was designed so it would have a pressure seal around the wrist if the glow leaked. He did not tell the ground crew because he suspected that the instruction would be to abort. I am not sure when it started to leak but the ascent took one and a half hour and he then stayed at peak altitude for 12 minutes so the balloon drifted to the landing site. The decent took 4 minutes 36 seconds. So his hand was in practical Vaccum for at least 12 minutes I would guess that half an hour is a better minimum estimation. The result was severe pain and a hand he could not use. It swelled to twice the normal size. The hand returned to normal 3 hours later. I suppose that the has was still in a glow so the swelling was limited to the size of the glow but it was at zero pressure. What would happen to longer time exposure or without any glow is had to know but extreme swelling of a hand for hours would like not to be good for it. [ URL_7 ]( URL_7 ) [ URL_1 ]( URL_1 ) [ URL_3 ]( URL_6 ) [ URL_4 ]( URL_5 ) & #x200B; Humans have even survived full-body exposure to vacuum for a short time. in 1966 a suite failed in a vacuum chamber test and Jim LeBlanc was exposed to vacuum. He remained conscious for 14 seconds and recalled the feeling of his saliva boiling of how to tongue. The vacuum chamber was rapidly pressurized and he was given oxygen 25s after the failure. He recovered immediately with an earache and no permanent damage. [ URL_0 ]( URL_2 )


Question: Do companies normally keep a physical copy of their product every time they redesign it? For example, does General Mills have a vault where they keep every different Wheaties cereal box that they designed? If so, what would happen to that collection if the company ever went out of business?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do companies normally keep a physical copy of their product every time they redesign it? For example, does General Mills have a vault where they keep every different Wheaties cereal box that they designed? If so, what would happen to that collection if the company ever went out of business?

My company prints plastic bags (potato bags, produce, pet food, fertilizer etc.) and we have a copy of every bag we have ever printed. Including design that have been changed and we will never use again. If we went out of business it would either be destroyed or sold with our other assets. It is “secret” intellectual property.


Question: What would happen if you passed the edge of space?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen if you passed the edge of space?

There is no actual edge to space, there is only a steadily thinning atmosphere and a couple of arbitrary height markers.


Question: Why are people in France protesting?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are people in France protesting?

It started because the government was raising the gasoline tax when people feel the price of gas is already too high. It has snowballed into a huge "Fuck austerity, and fuck you Macron" protest. The President of France is *stunningly* unpopular.


Question: Is Peak Oil still considered a threat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is Peak Oil still considered a threat?

Yes it is still a threat, fracking, technology and exploration pushed the date back but it is still going to happen or is currently happening.


Question: Why (or how?) did mint become the ‘gold standard’ for oral health?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why (or how?) did mint become the ‘gold standard’ for oral health?

Toothpaste has tin in it, and tin has a bad metallic taste. To overpower that, it takes a strong flavor, like mint or peppermint. Other than cinnamon, there aren't many low cost flavors that will cover the tin taste.


Question: Why are bicycles so much more popular than tricycles?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are bicycles so much more popular than tricycles?

bikes are faster, handle better, and cheaper; in a generality. They are also easier to store. Bikes are available with multiple gears, which would be much more complex on a trike.


Question: How do betting odds work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do betting odds work?

1) teams that are favored have the negative odds 2) Essentially, any negative number is how much you would need to pay out to win $100 if this team wins. So -900 means you would need to pay out $900 on this team to win $100. in this case this team must be the favorite, as you have to lay out *so much* in order to win anything substantial. 3) if something has a positive number, that team is the underdog 4) the + odds mean how much you will win if you lay out $100 on this team. So +145 means you would win $145 if you lay a bet of $100 on this team, and they win Hope this helps, let me know if you have more questions!


Question: If people only breathe out of one nostril at any given moment anyway... why are blocked noses so uncomfortable, even when only one nostril is blocked?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If people only breathe out of one nostril at any given moment anyway... why are blocked noses so uncomfortable, even when only one nostril is blocked?

Because your body can't switch to that nostril and unblock the damn thing. So your sinus swells up, everything gets backed up, and it's just not a fun time. Horray for spring.


Question: Why is it that cars and most other vehicles only ever depreciate in value, whereas homes generally appreciate continuously?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that cars and most other vehicles only ever depreciate in value, whereas homes generally appreciate continuously?

Because 99% of cars are mass produced and generic (meaning in 5 years you'll still be able to see thousands of the same car driving around even though we've maybe gone through one or two model revisions since then), and cars have a limited service life based on age and how much you use and maintain them. Even if you don't use them that much they still have parts in them that wear down with time and need to be replaced. And new cars always have new features that older cars don't have. Houses, on the other hand, don't necessarily go up in value. It's the *property* that goes up in value, because property, unlike cars, cannot be built in a factory, there's a limited amount of it. And because there's a limited amount of it, demand for it can go up pretty high, depending on where you live. Houses *can* go up in value, too, if you're investing in the right projects. But most projects aren't a $1 for $1 return - a $10,000 bathroom renovation might help boost your property by $5,000, for instance.


Question: Does watching TV from too close or using mobile phone/PC for too long really cause damage to your eyesight(myopia/hypermetropia)?Why or why not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does watching TV from too close or using mobile phone/PC for too long really cause damage to your eyesight(myopia/hypermetropia)?Why or why not?

If you spend most of your time focusing your vision on things that are close to your eye, the eye muscles may eventually tend to want to stay in that position, making it more difficult to focus on distant targets. It’s like losing flexibility in your arms and legs if you don’t ever stretch them.


Question: How does making a professional song happen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does making a professional song happen?

From my understanding this is what happens: 1. A producer creates a backing track 2. A ghost writer will write lyrics according to the backing track 3. The producer and ghost writer sell the song to a singer like Ariana Grande or Beyonce. 4. The singer will sing the lyrics to the song at the studio until they achieve an "ideal" take. 5. The producer will then use effects in post-production to make the song sound "perfect" by using things like autotune, and comping (where the producer will comb through different takes and cherry pick certain moments, and take out breaths so the flow of the song is better, but becomes irrepeatable when performed live)


Question: Why is vaseline/gel applied on MMA fighters' face before they go to fight?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is vaseline/gel applied on MMA fighters' face before they go to fight?

Before they start to sweat their skin is dry. Those first hits without sweat would rip the skin to heck from the friction of a dry face and dry glove. Vaseline is used to allow for some smoothness to avoid major cuts early on


Question: Why do gas prices include the extra 9/10 cent on the end?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do gas prices include the extra 9/10 cent on the end?

That is an ancient consumer marketing technique. A very long time ago, people in marketing figured out that consumers perceive a price of, say, $1.99 to be significantly less than a price of $2.00. Of course, those prices are not actually very different, but people tend to round down to the nearest significant digit rather than rounding up when they are purchasing consumer goods. The same is true for something like refrigerators: buyers will look at a fridge that costs $1199 and one that costs $1200, and they will express a preference for the slightly cheaper one regardless of any benefits the slightly more expensive one may possess. Psychologically, that $1 difference between 1199 and 1200 is very impactful. Now, let's change the prices of those refrigerators to, say, $1286 and $1288. Now people will look at the two refrigerators and perceive them both as being essentially the same price (which they are) because the significant digit - 2 - is the same. For that very same reason, both refrigerators could increase in price to $1289, or even $1299, and nobody would even care. If the price creeps to $1300, the significant digit has changed and people start to think they're being hornswoggled. The 9/10 thing is related to that behavior. Consumers ignore the 9/10 and focus on the pennies because that's the significant digit in a gasoline price. This effectively allows oil companies to charge an extra .9 cents per gallon of gas without you even realizing it.


Question: A new rampant UK television advert I've noticed points out that '1 in 2 of us will get cancer'... I've Googled around a little bit... So, out of a friend of mine and I for instance, one of us will get cancer?... That sounds a bit much that half of all the people in the UK will get cancer??!!

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 A new rampant UK television advert I've noticed points out that '1 in 2 of us will get cancer'... I've Googled around a little bit... So, out of a friend of mine and I for instance, one of us will get cancer?... That sounds a bit much that half of all the people in the UK will get cancer??!!

Everyone who lives long enough will *eventually* get some form of cancer. If both of you live into your 70s, chances are pretty good that one of you is going to deal with it.


Question: Why does your vision turn blurry/weird when you feel overwhelmed or anxious?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does your vision turn blurry/weird when you feel overwhelmed or anxious?

Back before you were born, your eyes developed as an offshoot of your brain. And like your brain, your eyes require a large amount of energy transfered by bloodflow. When you are anxious or stressed, your fight or flight response sends hormones through your blood system to divert blood to your muscles. This allows you to act by fighting or fleeing. This diverts blood from elsewhere including your brain (can't think with full capacity) and your eyes (can't see at full capacity). This can result in blurred or weird vision. Nowadays, stress and anxiety are caused by things that often cannot be fought off or completely escaped from. We have to remember we are not at full thinking or seeing capacity when we are stressed or anxious.


Question: Why are race cars roughly the same size as consumer passenger cars?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are race cars roughly the same size as consumer passenger cars?

They’re not built from the ground up for racing, they’re modified production cars as far as I know. A purpose built race car would be a LMP1 race car. GT3, V8 Supercars, WRC, NASCAR etc, all use normal production cars you can buy; that have been modified in order to follow whatever rules that specific racing league has set.


Question: Where does the term “green” come from to describe someone as new, inexperienced or amateur?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does the term “green” come from to describe someone as new, inexperienced or amateur?

It's from lumber - wood that is fresh cut is green and moist and cannot be used, it has to dry out and season before it's strong and good to use as lumber.


Question: Why does helium and sulfur hexafluoride have opposite impacts on your voice after inhaling, even though they are chemically very different? They're not that chemically similar, but they aren't chemically opposite either, just two very random compounds/gases.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does helium and sulfur hexafluoride have opposite impacts on your voice after inhaling, even though they are chemically very different? They're not that chemically similar, but they aren't chemically opposite either, just two very random compounds/gases.

They both have their effect because of their density. Helium is much lighter than air, SF6 is much heavier. Their chemistry doesn't matter, neither are reacting in this scenario. *EDIT: Importantly they* ***are*** *chemically similar in that both are non toxic. These are the lightest and heaviest non-toxic, non reactive gases. Hydrogen would make your voice even higher than helium, but you're a spark away from exploding your lungs.* Your voice is produced by your vocal cords vibrating. Literally flaps/folds wiggling back and forth in the air. If you replace that air around them with something relatively thick and heavy (like SF6), then the cords vibrate slower due to the extra resistance. Imagine swimming in a pool of honey or syrup. You'd move slower than swimming in water. It's the same here. Helium is lighter than air so your vocal cords are free to vibrate faster than usual, for the same reason.


Question: Why people can get "accumulated tiredness" but not "accumulated rest"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why people can get "accumulated tiredness" but not "accumulated rest"?

I assume you're talking about sleep debt? Sleep debt is a little more complicated than "accumulated tiredness." It generally refers to a chain of changes and harms in the body as a result of poor sleep or insufficient sleep: increased risk of obesity, heart problems, stroke, cognitive decline, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, the list goes on. There are a lot of researchers out there who think the idea of sleep debt is bs and that sleep debt is just a silly way to talk about shit sleep habits. Whichever perspective you want to go with, the crux is that you can never really pay back what you've taken out because the damages have already started. You can't bank sleep--it isn't just rest. It's a period of time where the brain and body reset, flush out accumulated stuff that slows you down, reorganize, and basically recalibrate. You need to go through that process every night. On the flip side of too little sleep, sleeping for abnormally long periods of time generally indicates a disorder, not healthy function. Accumulating rest would mean hijacking your circadian rhythm. Ultimately, humans don't do well with inconsistent sleep, whether that means sleeping too little or sleeping too much.


Question: Why are things measured differently in the US?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are things measured differently in the US?

Because, like all well-established colonies, Empire. -- When the british colonies of America were on the brink of revolution, the english were about to convert to a new, easier system of measurement. The Metric System. During the revolutionary war, convertion was halted in britain (which is why britain uses both systems). The 13 American colonies stuck with the imperial system to further distance themselves from the brits, and were too lazy to ever change back. You're making more work for yourselves!


Question: What is Pi? How was it discovered, and why does such a strange number have so many diverse uses?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Pi? How was it discovered, and why does such a strange number have so many diverse uses?

It’s just a relationship between the diameter and circumference of a circle. It was discovered because people noticed that the ratio never changes, no matter how big or small the circle, and it’s the only way to calculate the surface of one. It has many uses because many things in nature have circular motion.


Question: What are the chemical reactions happening when food is cooked?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the chemical reactions happening when food is cooked?

Proteins denaturate. That means the long, complex chains of amino acids begin to unravel. This makes proteins more tender and easier for us to digest. Fats melt and dissolve, which makes food juicier and the fats easier to digest. Starches/carbohydrates break up in to shorter chains of carbohydrates, sometimes even its component sugars. This makes them sweeter and easier to digest. All of the above happens in combination, as most food rarely is pure protein/fat/carb, but a combination. In addition to this, theres the maillard reaction. A complex, not fully understood reaction that "caramelizes" food under direct heat exposure. This makes fried food crispy and delicious. This makes toast toast, and steak steak. This makes fried broccoli sweet and crispy. Among other things...


Question: How are there "unsolvable" maths equations? And how are some then solved?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are there "unsolvable" maths equations? And how are some then solved?

Let's distinguish between "unsolved" and "unsolvable" problems. "Unsolved" problems are those for which we simply don't have a solution yet (if there is one). [There are hundreds of those]( URL_0 ). "Unsolvable" problems are those for which there is no solution. For example, the question "what value of x satisfies the equation x=x+1" doesn't have a solution, which makes in "unsolvable". Of course, you could argue that "there is no solution" is a solution in itself, but that's more of a philosophical question.


Question: Why is Crimea described as essential to Russia’s access to a warm sea port on the Black Sea when there is a ton of Russian coastline just to the East all along the Black Sea?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Crimea described as essential to Russia’s access to a warm sea port on the Black Sea when there is a ton of Russian coastline just to the East all along the Black Sea?

Well first of all Russia doesn't have that much of a Coastline that would work. Only around 200km. The reason is that they can't put their Navy on a port inside the Sea of Asov. The Straight of Kerch is the only way out of there and that put your fleet in a very weak position. You wouldn't want your whole fleet trap because someone is blocking the strait. It's just an obvious choke point where the water isn't that deep. Second you need a deep water port. Because if the slope of the coast isn't steep enough, the boat can't get close enough to the coast. Which would limit the use of the port to only small vessel. Russian coastline directly on the Black Sea have very few deep water port. Novorossiysk, Tuapse and Taman. Tuapse isn't that deep to begin with. The port is also small and not really easy to increase in size. On both side of the port there is hills that make it hard to build on. There is also a slight slope on the eastern coast. I doubt they can make it into a proper military harbour. Novorossiysk is a deep water port and a rather good one, but most of the installation is already for commercial use. The Russian have a military harbour there, but it's not a big enough, not big enough for the whole fleet of the Black Sea. Even if Novorossiysk have a bigger port than Tuaspe it also have the same issue as hills on both size would make expansion of the port hard. So the military would need to take some portion of the port from commercial use, which wouldn't be good for the economy and highly unpopular for the population. It leave us with Taman which is all new. It was opened in 2009 and it rather small in scale right now, but opposite to the other two it have room to expand. If Crimea couldn't be under the control of Russia it would probably be the only place where the Russian fleet could go. But right now there is no installation for that to happen. It would take decades and a lot of money to build installation equivalent to those of Sevastopol. There is also the issue that there isn't any cities or town close to the port. Think how much more it will cost to build since you gonna have to bring worker from outside the area. Worst you gonna need thousands of sailor to maintain the fleet and those people and their family need a place to live, go to school, buy grocery, etc. You are talking about make a whole new town. It's possible some military base are this way around the world, but it took a long time to make. Finally, another issue is that Taman is 17km from the coast of Crimea. That's dangerously close to a foreign power to put your whole fleet there. It's just easier to have Crimea under your control and use Sevastopol with all the installation and services already there. In addition, Crimea also have a central position on the Black sea, allowing more control over the sea from there, than from the Russian coast.