Question: Why is it that Asian Countries tend to score much higher than the West in terms of Education, yet it seems the most innovation in almost any scientific/technological field comes from the West?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that Asian Countries tend to score much higher than the West in terms of Education, yet it seems the most innovation in almost any scientific/technological field comes from the West?

Many of the competitive industrial players are in the West so the best and brightest Asian students are drawn there. Likewise, a huge majority of scientific research and funding is in the West, so their scientists and STEM people are drawn there. However, the number of power global firms based in Asia is growing and the advances they have made in technology over the last 10-20 years is astounding. You say that much of the technological advance comes from there, but look at what Asian countries have done for consumer electronics (LG, Samsung, etc), Tech commerce (Alibaba), energy, banking, and transportation. All of the big advancements in high-speed rail are coming out of Asia right now and their infrastructure expertise is amazing (their contractors and engineering companies are gaining market share all over the world). 10 of the top 30 companies in the world (be revenue) are Asian.


Question: Why shouldn't we drink water from airplane bathrooms?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why shouldn't we drink water from airplane bathrooms?

[Simply not potable.]( URL_0 ) Now, let's talk about the coffee.


Question: Why does the burn of putting your leg in hot water seem to come a second or so after it’s been pulled out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the burn of putting your leg in hot water seem to come a second or so after it’s been pulled out?

So there’s ‘two’ nervous systems that usually work together. This is an example of where one takes over first. - CNS = Brain. It controls the actions you think about so it takes longer to work. - PNS = No Brain. Controls reflex actions, ones you don’t have to think about, so it’s faster. The leg in hot water reaction would work something like this: 1. Leg goes into water 2. PNS realises you are in danger. 3. PNS moves leg out of the water because it knows you’re in danger. 4. CNS realises leg is out of water 5. CNS realises leg is in pain and lets the brain know, meaning you only then feel pain. I hope that’s simple enough, ask any questions if you need clarification.


Question: How does the birthday paradox work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the birthday paradox work?

So. Let's talk about probability for a second. We're trying to calculate the probability that at least two people in a room share a birthday. At first glance, it looks like a problem that's hard to even state in words, let alone compute. But one of the fun things about probability is that you can solve a complex probability question P(A) by instead solving its *complement,* P(A') -- its opposite. In this case, our P(A), what we want to find out, is the probability that at least two people in the room share a birthday. Its opposite is "The probability that *nobody in the room* shares a birthday." This is our P(A'), and it's *much* easier to solve -- either nobody shares a birthday, or at least two people do. For two people, the probability that they do not share a birthday is given by: P(A') = 365/365 * 364/365 This is because the second person can have any birthday that isn't the first person's. Adding a third person gives us P(A') = 365/365 * 364/365 * 363/365 and so on. It turns out that, after adding the 23^rd person, P(A') becomes about 49.27%. Because this is the opposite of what we want to solve, subtract it from 1: P(A) = 1 - P(A') P(A) = 1 - .4927, ∴ P(A) = .5073 From there, we conclude that if you have 23 people in the room, the odds that at least two of them share a birthday is just over 50%.


Question: How do satellite dishes for tv (Direct TV for example) communicate with satellites when there so small and pointed at a small area in the sky?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do satellite dishes for tv (Direct TV for example) communicate with satellites when there so small and pointed at a small area in the sky?

They don't communicate with the satellite, they just receive a broadcast. The satellite broadcasts over a large area and every satellite dish in that area can receive the broadcast.


Question: What is Chi-Square Test of Independence and Fisher's Exact Test?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is Chi-Square Test of Independence and Fisher's Exact Test?

Let's say you want to know if boys are equally likely to be left handed as girls. You can just tally a lot of data, but then the question is how far away from the expected equally-likely does the observed data have to be before you say "well, it looks like they are not equally likely". Both of these test try to measure something like that. What they answer is "how likely is it you would see something as wonky as you did, just by chance, when the real pattern is 'equally likely'?". The Chi Squared test reduces the "non-independence" to a number, and then looks that number in a table. But this process has the problem that you can't observe 1.567 of a right-handed girl, which introduces some errors. Fisher's Exact Test addresses the rounding problem by enumerating all the possible results (which have whole number counts) which are more skewed than the one you observed, and summing up their probabilities.


Question: Why and how you need to clean out your ears?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why and how you need to clean out your ears?

Everyone is different, so some may never have to clean out their ears and some have to regularly. I get large buildups in my ears of I do not clean them regularly. I used to think it was normal until I met my former SO. She never had to clean out her ears ever and her 'wax' looked different from mine. The oils my body produces mix with the wax in my ears and makes it thicker. My doctor would usually have to flush out my ears every so often because my ears would get infected every year or so. I never used Q-tips because I knew it could impact the wax and make it worse. I ended up getting a simple cleaning kit from the store with drops and a bulb syringe. A few drops in the ear then flush out with warm water. Haven't had any problems since then and it seems to work great!


Question: how we know Jellyfish have been around for 500 million years?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how we know Jellyfish have been around for 500 million years?

We know that Jellyfish has existed for 500 million years because we have found fossils of them that are that old [ URL_0 ]( URL_2 ) Ther are fossils of cyanobacteria that are 1.9 billion years old. Here is a paper that looks at early evidence URL_1 It is believed that the existed 2.4 billion years ago during the greater oxidation even and might be a lot older but there is no unambiguous fossil evidence of it, or more exactly there was none when the paper was written in 2019.


Question: How does GPS work in space?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does GPS work in space?

A moving object can still calculate its position relative to GPS satellites. The speed of the vehicle is negligible compared to the speed of the signals. Many receivers also keep track of a number of measurements over time, specifically to monitor their movement, and determine if they get a bad measurement. After all, many cars make use of GPS today, if one had to be stationary that would stink.


Question: what’s the difference between a Neanderthal and a Denisovan? Did they exist at the same time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what’s the difference between a Neanderthal and a Denisovan? Did they exist at the same time?

They are both a subspecies of Homo sapiens. They overlapped in time and interbred. Only a finger bone and some teeth have been discovered from the Denisovans, so not much can be said about how they looked. But DNA shows a bit more differences from humans than between Neanderthals and humans.


Question: Why are multi-level marketing (MLM) companies, like Herbalife, allowed to continue their business when they operate like a pyramid scheme?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are multi-level marketing (MLM) companies, like Herbalife, allowed to continue their business when they operate like a pyramid scheme?

To know why MLMs are legal, one must study what is a pyramid scheme, and what makes MLMs different from pyramid schemes, and that means going back to 1975, to a case called FTC vs. Koscot Interplanetary. Koscot Interplanetary is a fancy name for a cosmetic company ran by "Glenn Turner". You join the company by paying $2000, then you have to buy $5400 worth of cosmetics (supposedly for resale). However, you don't get paid for selling cosmetics. You get paid by recruiting others to also pay $2000+$5400 just like you did. The more you recruit, the better you got paid. FTC sued Koscot in 1976, calling it an "entrepreneurial chain", and helped the court to formulate what became known as the Koscot Test The Koscot test has four parts: * 1.The participant makes a payment of money to the company; * URL_2 exchange of (1), the participant receives the right to sell a product (or service); * URL_1 exchange of (1), the participant receives compensation for recruiting others into the program; * 4.The compensation (3) is unrelated to the sale of products (or services) (2) to the ultimate user. In other words, a pyramid scheme is basically a fraudulent business because it only pretends to sell things, but in reality is paying people for recruiting more people to pay into the business. (source: URL_0 )


Question: How do prisons make money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do prisons make money?

The government pays the people who run the prison, actually quite a lot of money (~$150 per person per day). The prison can also gather money from visitors, or people who call on the phone, because they don't have competitors - they have exclusive control over access to prisoners. The prison uses some of this money to keep people from escaping, and feeding them. Any left over money is profit.


Question: What does the curing light at a dentist’s office do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does the curing light at a dentist’s office do?

Basically, the resin that the dentists apply to your teeth is made up of short-chain compounds, which is why they can flow easily. Shining the light on the compound induces chemical changes that make the compounds get a lot longer and tangle up with itself, causing it to harden and attach to the surrounding tooth.


Question: The US Federal Reserve System and effectively how much of it is under private control and how much under public control?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 The US Federal Reserve System and effectively how much of it is under private control and how much under public control?

0% of the Fed is under private control. The Fed uses its own set of terminology in which it uses words in a manner that is totally inconsistent with those words' dictionary definitions. For example, the Fed uses words like "stock holder" to refer to a non-ownership relationship that it has with banks. In short, interstate banks are required to deposit money with the Fed. Once this money is deposited, they share data on banking conditions and the monetary supply with the Fed, which then shares that data with other banks. That is the extent of a bank's relationship with the Fed - that of a legally compelled depositor. Its not advisable to try to pick apart the Fed's operations as a layperson. When the Fed came into existence in the early 1900's it was *incredibly* controversial. To get around this controversy they created a very obtuse system that was design to look like a private bank from the outside. So technically the Fed is composed of multiple banks, each of which have their own "governing" structure. But none of that structure matters because its powerless to act. The only entity with any decision making ability in the Fed is the national Board of Governors, which is appointed entirely by the US Government. Or to put it another way, when the Fed was originally created the idea of the Federal Government being allowed to interfere with the banking system was wildly unpopular. So the original creators of the Fed designed it to look like a private bank that was owned by other private banks to a person who wasn't already familiar with how it works. As unsatisfying as it is, its not possible to explain the intricacies of how the Fed works in a few paragraphs on the internet. If you want an in-depth explanation of it that's something that you basically have to go to school for. Alternatively you can just take it on faith that the regional banks are not actually independent entities and that their governing boards have no actual power or authority.


Question: What would happen if our number system wasn't base 10?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen if our number system wasn't base 10?

Whether or not you call a small feline animal "a cat" or "el gato" doesn't change what you're talking about, it only makes some things more or less complicated. The same is true when talking about number bases. It's just changing vocabulary or speaking in a different dialect of the same language.


Question: Why are we reluctant to do "risky" things that could cause immediate physical pain, but not as reluctant if the pain is delayed, even when we consciously know the resulting pain will be just as bad or worse?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are we reluctant to do "risky" things that could cause immediate physical pain, but not as reluctant if the pain is delayed, even when we consciously know the resulting pain will be just as bad or worse?

Our behaviors evolved when there wasn't really a way to be certain about the future. Avoiding a reward right now to avoid the pain later didn't really make sense when later probably won't even happen or if the consequences might be worse. For example, if you're a hunter gatherer, then you'll likely just deal the heartburn pain because finding other food wasn't guaranteed. Another example: we evolved to really like the taste of fatty and sugary stuff because it was important eat any and all of it when we could. But now that we have easy access to it, we learn that too much has long term problems. Our brains just weren't made for the lives we have now.


Question: Why do countries have gold reserves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do countries have gold reserves?

Imagine for a minute you're a nation. The nation across the ocean wants to buy some cruise missiles from you, and they want to pay you 12 billion Flerbos for the pleasure. The first question that should come to mind is this: **What the f__k is a Flerbo?** The Flerbo is made up crap, just like every other currency on the planet; the US Dollar, the British Pound, the Euro, Yen, Yuan, Peso, etc are all paper currencies, and have value because the govt says they have value. Meaning, they have exactly as much value as the government printing them says they have... So say now that you make the deal, sign the papers, and agree to deliver the missiles in exchange for 12 billion Flerbos... which your business partner delivers in freshly printed bills, a few hours after they devalued the Flerbo. Those bastards didn't actually have the money when they made the deal, and they just watered down their own currency. Those cruise missiles are every bit as deadly as when they were made, but your compensation just dropped sharply in value. You still have 12 billion Flerbos, but they don't have the same buying power you thought they would. Lets wind back a bit, and see the deal again if the buyer doesn't deliberately screw you. You build the missiles, they draw the Flerbos from available stocks, and the exchange happens. Now you're holding on to 12 billion Flerbos. Do you have any idea what a nation can do with 12 billion Flerbos? That depends pretty strongly on how many other nations like the Flerbo; just because you were willing to make a deal for them doesn't mean your peers around the globe will also accept them for business. They may not do enough business with the issuing nation to justify keeping Flerbos on hand, or they may be actively opposing the Flerbo for fear that it will become a more important international currency than their own, and so on. Now you are holding money that doesn't spend universally. And now, lets go all the way back to the beginning. They offer you the Flerbos, which you accept... in the form of the equivalent quantity of gold all those Flerbos could buy, to be physically transferred to you, half on purchase, half on delivery. You lock in the quantity of gold to be delivered when the deal is made, making you immune to any financial screw-jobbery on the part of the buyers. When the deal is done, you are physically holding 12 billion Flerbos worth of gold. All those nations from the last paragraph who didn't want to do business in Flerbos? They're perfectly happy to do business in gold. Gold is virtually universal, and can be used to do business in virtually any currency simply by virtue of setting a price per ounce in the relevant currency.


Question: Wait so how does WinRar make money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Wait so how does WinRar make money?

Basically it makes revenue from companies who have to have their documents signed and legalised. You as a regular user don.t need those features, that.s why the program is free. Also is free directly from the creators to discourage piracy.


Question: How does compound interest work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does compound interest work?

If you start with $100, and earn 10% interest per year, you earn $10 in interest the first year. But the second year, you earn interest *on the interest,* so you earn $11 in interest the second year. And $12.10 the third year, and $13.31 the fourth year, and $14.64 the fifth year, and so on.


Question: Why does the road look reflective from far away on a hot day?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the road look reflective from far away on a hot day?

This happens because the hot air refracts light differently than cool air. This depends on the temperature and the angle in which light hits the medium. If it is warm enough, the light is refracted so much, that it is basically reflected. And then the angle in which the light is reflected is the same as the angle in which the light hits the medium. So, at large distances you can see the small angles, just because of geometry, so it appears as if the things above it are reflected. If the skynis reflected and the warm air has a lot turbulence, so it moves like water, it can appear as if there is water on the ground.


Question: If the US government shuts down, how can some workers be required to work, but not get paid?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the US government shuts down, how can some workers be required to work, but not get paid?

they will get paid. just not until later once the budget is set. some essential services cannot be interrupted. so they just keep on working.


Question: why our vision appears to be "green" after closing the eyes for some time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why our vision appears to be "green" after closing the eyes for some time?

Your eyes when closed still allow some light which is coming through your eyelids. This gives it a reddish hue. When eyes are exposed to this color this much then they adjust which results in lack of red when you open your eyes.


Question: Why do we pee in to toilet bowls of water when we can save water and simply pee down a drain?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we pee in to toilet bowls of water when we can save water and simply pee down a drain?

Drains need to have a trap so that sewer gases do not enter the structure. The water in the toilet bowl is needed to cause enough pressure to force waste through that trap.


Question: Why is 2% inflation better than 0%/no change?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is 2% inflation better than 0%/no change?

If your money is going to be worth less next year than it is now, then you have incentive to spend it. That's basically it, it gives incentives to companies to spend their money rather than save it.


Question: How does letting your body go limp protect your body/give you a higher chance of survival than bracing when in a car crash or falling off a cliff etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does letting your body go limp protect your body/give you a higher chance of survival than bracing when in a car crash or falling off a cliff etc?

Bracing usally places long bones ( arms , legs) and other large support structures ( pevlis, spine) in line to take the full force of the impact. This usally ends up causing multiple fractures. This causes massive internal bleeding, and if enough of that happens for too long you die. Think of it as being at the beach by the ocean, a waves are coming. If you try and stand there braced you can stand up to the smaller ones but at a certain point a big enough wave will knock you over. However if you lay back relax and float the waves will travel through and around you and a big wave that would have knocked you over does very little to you. Of course there will eventually be a big enough wave, or you will be in the wrong spot during a wave, that you will still get knocked around no matter what.


Question: Why do minor inconveniences seem to frustrate people more than larger, more severe incidents?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do minor inconveniences seem to frustrate people more than larger, more severe incidents?

Because inconveniences are controllable: locked yourself out of the car/house? Yeah, you coulda prevented that. Oversimplification, i know.


Question: What is it about Florida that breeds such utter batsh*t craziness?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is it about Florida that breeds such utter batsh*t craziness?

We have this perception because Florida's laws protecting privacy are much much more lax than in other states. In other words, all people are crazy, Florida just reports on it easier


Question: What does the dot product mean in Linear Algebra? Why is it used in movement equations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does the dot product mean in Linear Algebra? Why is it used in movement equations?

The dot product takes two vectors and calculates how much they "lie on each other" or "how much they align." Two vectors at 90 degrees from one another will have a dot product of zero since they do not lie on each other at all, while other vectors are less so. More quantitatively, given two vectors A and B, the dot product is also a cheap way of calculating |A||B|cos(x) where x is the angle between the two vectors. Essentially calculating the value of cosine without actually calculating cosine turns out to be very useful in other aspects. It comes up in physics often because quantities tend to be conserved in the 3 dimensions, that is say for instance momentum is conserved along the x, y, and z directions. Having to calculate these components often involves the use of trigonometric functions, at which point the dot and cross products can help due to their inherent nature.


Question: Why does only charging a lithium battery to 75 percent help prevent premature aging of the battery? Can’t they just make an app or program that makes it look like 75 is max capacity to prevent the battery from dying faster?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does only charging a lithium battery to 75 percent help prevent premature aging of the battery? Can’t they just make an app or program that makes it look like 75 is max capacity to prevent the battery from dying faster?

All modern battery designs for electric cars and phones and such already do this. When it says "100 percent" it doesn't mean "literally the maximum possible -- no more electrons, now fuck off." It means "This battery is fully charged to what we think is the appropriate capacity for the most number of examples we designed and tested."


Question: How humans consider who is beautiful, attractive and who is not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How humans consider who is beautiful, attractive and who is not?

**If you are reading this, please take this reply with the best of intentions. The things said here are purely evolutionary traits and not to be taken as an insult in any way. If you have any illness or disfigurement and this upsets you, then I am truly sorry. Everybody is unique and wonderful and special** Ok, firstly, Clean and smooth skin is seen as a sign of good health. Same goes for hair. Your mind also looks for other features such as strength (in masculine people, typically males) and fertility (in feminine people, typically women). In ancient times, a male who was strong was more likely to be able to defend the women and the offspring in case of a threat. Likewise, in ancient times a woman who had good breast development and a decent amount of fat reserves (yes, that's you curvy women) was more likely to rear offspring to maturity. When it comes to proportions, the mind subconsciously looks for a mate who is in good health and uses proportions to figure this out. Somebody who was missing a limb or had a disfigurement such as a large tumour, swollen stomach or something else out of the ordinary, might not be seen as attractive because the mind is again looking for a mate in good health. Youth, after puberty has done what it needs to do, is also seen as attractive because younger people are typically both more fertile and more sexually active. Some people prefer older masculine people because they would have been more experienced, and likely to be more experienced at hunting, gathering and defending the tribe then younger males **There are a lot of typical gender roles in this post. If you don't fit into these gender roles that's perfectly fine. These are just generalisations, everybody is equal. You be you 🙂**


Question: How do high frequency facials work? Supposedly they release ozone. Is this not harmful to your lungs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do high frequency facials work? Supposedly they release ozone. Is this not harmful to your lungs?

> They apparently use ozone for antibacterial purposes There is really no way to know. There are some claims that the argon within the glass wands "releases oxygen" but of course that is nonsense because argon doesn't contain oxygen. Electrical charges might be producing ozone from the oxygen already present in the air but without direct testing there isn't any way to know. However we can look at some other claims for the product and from that get an idea of what is happening. > "The NuDerma Skin Wand amplifies cell turnover by supercharging ATP synthesis to slow, halt and ultimately reverse the aging process leading to firmer younger skin." Ok, that is pure nonsense. It certainly does not somehow beam magic electricity energy into the cells and produce ATP. Knowing that they are making this absurd claim we can guess that their claims of killing bacteria under the skin are similarly unverified. Does it produce ozone? Maybe! It is a scam product produced by pseudo-scientific cheats, it might be dangerous as well as a waste of money.


Question: How is the distance between Earth and other celestial bodies calculated, especially since most are many light years away?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the distance between Earth and other celestial bodies calculated, especially since most are many light years away?

We can use parallax arc seconds or parsecs. Basically if you know how far away the earth will be from this spot six months from now, you can calculate how far away a distant object is based on how much it seems to move relative to VERY distant objects. Think holding you thumb out in front of your face with one eye closed and using it to cover the moon. Now switch which eye is closed and your thumb will seem to move away from it's position over the moon. By knowing how far apart your eyes are and how much your thumb seems to have moved you can figure out how far away from your thumb is from your face.


Question: when popping popcorn, why does the first kernel popped not burn while the others are being popped?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when popping popcorn, why does the first kernel popped not burn while the others are being popped?

Some general background: Boiling water in a pot is always (usually) at 100 deg C or 212 F. When boiling or steaming food, the phase change from liquid to vapor controls the cooking temperature, until there is no more water. As applied to popping corn, the microwave, stove or kettle heats the water in the kernel and when it boils, the kernel pops. When the majority of the kernels are unpopped or actively popping, the temperature is relatively controlled, so the first kernels aren't burning. When the last few kernels are popping or popping is complete there is less water becoming steam to moderate the temperature, and the corn increases temperature rapidly and it is more likely to burn. Edited for clarity, apparently some thought I was making a case for boiling corn kernels in water. Probably moved it out of an eli5 though. Edit 2: some awesome discussion downline of granular convection, actual temps for popping and so forth. All have impacts on why the first popper doesn't burn. I contend latent heat of evaporation and escaping steam and resulting loss in temp moderation is the main driver in why popcorn goes from just popping to inedible so quickly


Question: Why does paper product (paper towels, napkins, etc.) become transparent when wet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does paper product (paper towels, napkins, etc.) become transparent when wet?

Imagine you are at a restaurant with a self-serve soda dispenser and a clear glass cup. First, you fill the glass with that finely-crushed ice they have at soda dispensers. Now look through the glass. What color does it look? White. Opaque. Like a white paper towel. You cannot see through the glass at all. If there was an object (like a cell phone cover) behind the glass, the ice obscures it completely so you can't even tell what color the object is. Now fill the glass with cold water (or Sprite™). Most of the crushed ice is in there, but now the glass is translucent. Like a wet paper towel. Although you couldn't read a book through it, you could certainly see the color of an object behind the glass. When ice and air are mixed in a glass, their very different indexes of refraction make light beams bounce around a *lot*, mixing everything up until you can't see through it. When ice and water are mixed in a glass, their index of refraction is the same (in fact, if the ice itself didn't have air bubbles inside it, the glass would be almost completely clear and see-through). So less bouncing of light beams. The wood pulp and other material in paper has an index of refraction closer to water (and ice) than it does to air. So the effect is the same.


Question: How does a proton completely change the element?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a proton completely change the element?

Protons don't matter much directly, but electrons do. Protons are positively charge and electrons are negatively charged. To have an atom that is not charged either way the electrons and neutrons must balance each other out. If you have an atom and just at a neutron nothing much changes chemistry wise, but if you add a proton (which is pretty much the same as a neutron except for its charge), the charge of the atom itself changes. To get it back to neutral an electron needs to be added. Electrons can't just join the atom wherever they please, a number of forces and weird rules dictate a complicated pattern in which electrons cluster around an Atom. This pattern of electrons dictates how the atom will join up with other atoms to form molecules by sharing electrons. Think of plastic toy building blocks with patterns of connectors all over them. The Placement of the connectors dictate how you will be able to connect them. Elements with similiar arrangements of electrons in their outermost layer will behave similarly chemistry wise. The pattern in which atoms form up and create larger molecules dictate the physical properties of the substance. Getting from atoms arranged in a special type of arrangements on a microscopic scale to physical properties on a human scale is not really easy to follow, but it is how it works.


Question: why do planes use wing flaps to slow down/change direction mid air instead of the airplane equivalent of "easing off the acclerator"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do planes use wing flaps to slow down/change direction mid air instead of the airplane equivalent of "easing off the acclerator"?

They use both techniques. In fact if they have lots of time to slow down, it's more efficient to just slow the engines. Flaps are then used *because they increase lift at low speed.* Special slowing flaps called *air brakes* are also installed but aren't used much. For turning, they can turn by reducing the speed of one engine, but it affects the plane's speed and is tricky to get right.


Question: Why do CPU cores always come in even numbers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do CPU cores always come in even numbers?

AMD Phenom processors were triple-core - the Phenom X3 series. The Xbox 360 also had a triple-core processor from IBM. Playstation 3 also used a processor with an unusual design - one main core and seven extra smaller cores.


Question: Why do manufacturers sell their products in a lot of poor countries, instead of focusing on only the wealthy ones?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do manufacturers sell their products in a lot of poor countries, instead of focusing on only the wealthy ones?

My question for you is- are you going to buy up a ton of the same candy, travel back to Norway and sell it for 2X more and undercut those stores by 33%?


Question: why are display sizes constantly increasing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why are display sizes constantly increasing?

Cost and demand. The cost to produce high quality large screens (and high quality very small screens) has drastically declined, in addition the types of screens we have now, such as LCD/LED screens can be made much better (And smaller) for consumers than the giant CRT screens of the past that would take up half your living room and weigh hundreds of pounds. A 55" TV used to be a gigantic monster and absurdly priced. Now that same size TV can be made in a thin, light panel and have even a better picture than ever.. and be made a cost that was wildly unthinkable in previous days. You can even find top quality LCD 55" TVs for stuff like $300! In older days that same TV would have been not as good and cost many thousands of dollars In the same vein, we've got much better and cramming tons of quality into a smaller screen. In one time, a portable 1" LCD was amazing and the top of technology and bigger screens were insanely expensive. Consumers wanted bigger screens, and companies (like Samsung) developed technologies to make high quality small screens, as such we've seen an abundance of very low cost, very high quality portable screens for things like phones.


Question: Why is it that when you scratch metal on metal, it produces a terrible screeching sound, but when you scratch another material on metal (ie. wood or plastic), it doesn't?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that when you scratch metal on metal, it produces a terrible screeching sound, but when you scratch another material on metal (ie. wood or plastic), it doesn't?

Taking a stab in the dark and going with hardness. Plastic and wood seems hard to us because we’re squishy. But compared to metal they’re soft.


Question: Why do some people experience music more than others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some people experience music more than others?

There are several factors at work. Brain chemistry, life experiences, and even what music they were raised with will affect how someone reacts to the sounds. For brain chemistry, it is like some people are easily addicted to drugs, and some people are almost immune. Life experiences are pretty obvious. If you had something good happen while listening to a certain sound that sound will bring that good memory back. Our brains link sounds and memories pretty deeply in most people. We also tend to get "locked in" to certain musical sounds by adulthood, it is why most people think their generation's music was awesome and all the new stuff is crap.


Question: Why are economic ideas called theories?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are economic ideas called theories?

Generally speaking, in an academic setting a theory is a proposed explanation for a set of data points that provides insight into the underlying workings or at least underlying formula that produced that data. Hence the theory of plate tectonics explains various geological features by proposing plates floating on magma. Or the theory of evolution explains biodiversity via various mechanisms of selection. Economic theories have the same goal, and so use the same terminology.


Question: Why're red states significantly cheaper than blue states?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why're red states significantly cheaper than blue states?

Blue is also highly correlated with urban areas while Red is highly correlated with suburban and rural areas. Cities have a very high price of living due to various reasons that can't be paired down to just political leanings. If you're curious this is called a confounding variable. Basically if you wanted to estimate the cost of living in these states a good model would probably use amount of 'urban-ness' but since blue and 'urban-ness' are very related an estimate could also use political leanings. My favorite example is that ice cream sales and number of people drowning, when plotted on a graph match almost perfectly. The reason is really because ice cream sales and swimming increase due to summer and decrease due to winter together, but they aren't that related.


Question: How do we know how long ago stars were born?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know how long ago stars were born?

There are a few methods that can be used in different circumstances or used together. Generally, it's harder to determine the age of single stars and easier to determine the age of stars in clusters. Stars in a cluster typically form at around the same time, but don’t necessarily all have the same properties. Therefore, if you can determine the size and luminosity of a range of stars in a cluster, knowing that they all were formed at approximately the same time, it can be easier to determine their overall age. One of the main tools used here is something called a [Hertzsprung-Russell diagram]( URL_0 ). As stars age, their temperatures and luminosites (how bright they are) change in a predictable ways based on their masses. If we know the mass of a star, we can look at its luminosity and temperature and see where it falls on the diagram, which gives us a good estimate of its age. For example, you can look at the hottest, bluest, and most massive star in the star cluster that hasn’t left the “main sequence”, and calculate precisely how hot and bright it is. The mass of the star tells us how much fuel it had, while the brightness tells us how fast it is burning that fuel. Therefore, it is possible to roughly calculate the age of the star, and subsequently, the age of the other stars in the cluster. For solo stars, we try to look at their spin. There is a direct connection between the mass, spin rate and age of a tar, so if you know the mass and spin rate, then it’s possible to determine sunspots reappear on the surface of the star, and this can give us a good estimate of the star's age. Two other methods are less specific but worth noting. One is to measure the abundance of heavy elements in a star. When we look at a stars spectrum, we can see what elements its made of. All starts are mostly hydrogen and helium with trace amounts of heavier elements, but older stars tend to have little to no heavier elements, while younger stars tend to have more. This is not so useful by itself, since young stars can still have little to no heavy elements, but it's useful when combining with other methods. Another less specific thing is if we can see a protoplanetary disk. These disks are made of hot gas and dust rotating around young, newly formed stars. If we see these disks, we don't know the stars actual age, but we know it's quite young, and again, we can use some of the other methods I mentioned above to try to pin down its age more.


Question: Medicaid only paid $13k for a $113k surgery. How?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Medicaid only paid $13k for a $113k surgery. How?

Hospitals are free to ask whatever they want for any service. Nobody pays the full bill amount: insurance will negotiate the rates for services, and uninsured patients can negotiate the debt down to a mutally agreed upon rate.


Question: Why do Ice cubes make that cool cracking sound when you put them in hot (and maybe cold) water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do Ice cubes make that cool cracking sound when you put them in hot (and maybe cold) water?

Its called thermal shock. When you expose a surface to another surface with an opposite temperature. It causes surface stress; propagating cracks (which you hear)


Question: at whose expense are rich people getting richer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 at whose expense are rich people getting richer?

The question is based on a flawed underlying premise that wealth and money is a zero-sum game, that for one person to become more wealthy requires other people to become less wealthy. This is simply untrue, as can be demonstrated by considering almost any job. Imagine a farmer takes a sack of wheat and plants it in his field. The farmer waits and eventually a field of wheat grows which he harvests resulting in many sacks of wheat. He has gained wealth but has anyone lost wealth to enable this? Of course not! This is the same for most kinds of jobs. A factory worker takes a pile of parts and assembles them into a finished product that is worth more than the starting materials. They have created value and wealth without somehow sucking it away from someone else. As for the actual units of currency in circulation the government prints more money in order to keep the supply growing at a rate slightly greater than the increase in wealth overall.


Question: How do machine learning models improve over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do machine learning models improve over time?

Machine learning algorithms must be "trained" for them to be effective at prediction. This process happens very similarly to how humans learn as well. The model makes a prediction, and know whether that prediction was correct. This is why we feed the algorithm data that includes the outcome of the event. The algorithm is then able to look at the predictions it made wrong, identify the similarities between the other wrong predictions and the differences between the correct predictions. This allows it to adjust itself to make a better prediction. As I said, this is similar to how we learn as humans. If I asked you to pick decide whether a customer will buy bread based on the other things in their cart, you may guess randomly at first. Then you may notice that the ones that you guessed wouldn't buy bread but did all have butter in their cart as well. Now you've identified what caused the wrong decisions in the first place and can more accurately guess based on your observation about butter.


Question: What is the gunk that accumulates over mouses and keyboards from regular use?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the gunk that accumulates over mouses and keyboards from regular use?

Oil from fingertips makes them sticky and dust and skin cells will stick to the oil and rapidly build up.


Question: What is a derivative? Why are they important?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a derivative? Why are they important?

In algebra you learned to calculate the slope of a straight line. y = mx + b, right? m is the slope. But what about a curved line? Then the slope isn't constant. It changes: it's higher when the line is steeper, and lower when the line is flatter. So instead of a single number, the slope is a function of x. At any given x, your line has a certain y value, and a certain slope. Calculus is the set of math tools that allow you to find the slope function from the original function, or the original function from the slope function. The derivative is finding the slope function. For example the derivative of y=x^2 is y'=2x. That means a basic parabola has a slope of 2x. Later you will learn about integrals, which are the opposite: they allow you to reverse the derivative, finding the original function from the slope function.


Question: why does smartphones don't choose the best known WiFi? They keep connected to weaker signals even thought there are better ones.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does smartphones don't choose the best known WiFi? They keep connected to weaker signals even thought there are better ones.

> I'm in an environment that has two different networks and one has a weak signal while the other a strong one. If I came from the weak signal area, my smartphone will keep connected to it even though it has a better option to. > So my question is, why it doesn't look for known networks to test they speed and chose from? Because those networks *aren't* set up in a mesh. You said it yourself - if they were, it would work as you described. How chaotic things would be if your device always just connected to the strongest signal! You're transferring a file from your NAS to your mobile device, someone in the kitchen turns on the microwave and suddenly your transfer stops because your device decided to disconnect and connect to another network (which either doesn't contain the NAS or has completely different routing to it) just because - due to microwave interference - the original signal got a bit weaker for a second


Question: How do thread count and material factor into how 'soft' bedding is?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do thread count and material factor into how 'soft' bedding is?

-Material: wool may be scratchier than cotton. Egyptian Cotton is cotton with a longer staple, which means a longer thread can be woven from one piece, which means there is less inconsistency in the thread yielding a smoother and softer feel. Sheets utilizing plant material are all rayon or some special process yielding rayon. They can be pretty comfy. I have a set and I like them. I also have a set of linen sheets that are pretty sweet. -Thread count: a super fine wool is just as comfy as cotton. A higher thread count means finer threads in the fabric. There is a point of diminishing returns. -Weave: certain weaves can be softer than others at the expense of durability. You'll often see "sateen" sheets. This refers to a weave style that is generally less durable than others but makes for a softer and smoother feeling product. The alternative is a plain weave which is more durable, though not on a scale of any particular relevance for sheets (YMMV). Practically you WILL notice a different between 250 and 400 thread count sheets, you will probably notice it between 400 and 600, but anything beyond that is kind of irrelevant. You will notice a difference between sateen and plain weaves or percale. If you want a sheet that's nice and will last forever at a fair price, find some 400-600 thread count cotton sheets that are either plain weave or percale. Percale makes for a lighter but stiffer feeling sheet. The various rayon sheets are pretty alright too. Linen sheets are also pretty awesome if you live somewhere hot and humid.


Question: how did our early ancestors make accurate large scale maps?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how did our early ancestors make accurate large scale maps?

People have known how to use the sun and stars to calculate their exact position on Earth for centuries. They would map by physically going to a new place, calculating their position, and drawing what they saw. Combine that with some basic trigonometry and you can make pretty accurate maps that even show topography.


Question: How is all money debt? Is all money debt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is all money debt? Is all money debt?

There’s no money in existence and I am a bank. You come to me to borrow ten dollars. You must pay me back the ten dollars. Plus interest. The ten dollars I gave you is the only ten dollars in existence. You can never pay off the debt.


Question: Why does the catholic church deal with sexual assault allegations against priests as opposed to the law?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the catholic church deal with sexual assault allegations against priests as opposed to the law?

You’re mistaken. The priests answer to the same laws as you and I as applicable in their jurisdiction. However, with all situations such as this, the prosecution needs credible witnesses and bonafide proof to bring these charges against them. This is called due process and it’s guaranteed to all American citizens. The Roman Catholic Church does have the right to conduct its own investigation and then decide whether or not to strip a priest of their privileges based of this internal review process. Long story short, there are two different processes involved here and they act independently of each other.


Question: -how can a gun pack so much power?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 -how can a gun pack so much power?

By having an explosive transfer a ton of energy to a small, but fast moving piece of lead and copper: the bullet. That transfer of energy, from gunpowder to bullet, is then transfered again from bullet to target. The energy is extreme because of the power of the explosive being focused into a tiny bit of mass, Nd then focused even more by that tiny bit of mass being pointed and designed to penetrate what it strikes.


Question: Why does OC/Pepper spray make it almost physically impossible to open your eyes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does OC/Pepper spray make it almost physically impossible to open your eyes?

The irritant itself doesn't injure or affect the muscles, it's your body's reflexive reaction to some irritant. It's called a blepharospasm. A blepharospasm in response to some irritant is a protective reflex meant to protect your eyes from further damage. Squeezing your eyes shut can also stimulate tear production which will help clear the irritant out of your eyes.


Question: Why, despite all the advances in browser technology, does the screen still jump when an off-screen image or other part of the site loads?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why, despite all the advances in browser technology, does the screen still jump when an off-screen image or other part of the site loads?

Because your browser still doesn't know how big that image is going to be until it downloads it, so it has no way of knowing how much space to leave. The people who design the website could plan for it, but many of them don't.