Question: How do instant fog windows work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do instant fog windows work?

Liquid crystals embedded in the glass are activated by electricity. They then turn and scatter light that tries to pass through them.


Question: How does Golden Experience Requiem work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Golden Experience Requiem work?

So, this is spoilers for JoJo's Bizarre Adventure part 5, obviously. Open a youtube video, watch a few seconds of it, then press 0 while it's still playing. Works like that. Gold Experience Requiem can act independently of Giorno, and besides being a stronger and faster form of Gold Experience, it can undo anything. Anything. Diavolo was defeated because when he tries to use King Crimson to defeat Giorno, GER resets him to an earlier moment, before Diavolo attacked, but still within the erased time of King Crimson. Because of those two things together, he will eternally relive trying to turn the tables on Giorno and having time reversed, until the end of the universe.


Question: Why is it when you think about breathing, it suddenly seems harder to do so?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it when you think about breathing, it suddenly seems harder to do so?

I have reading the front page and going to older posts for an hour now, and this question has followed me onto every page on the way down. I guess I'm destined to contribute? I would have to say it's because compared to our body doing something on auto-pilot, which requires virtually no effort on your part, you're now aware of everything that's going on. Words would be harder to speak if we had to mentally put our tongue in the correct places to make sounds, right? Same difference. Another guess might be that our brain knows that if we're mentally focused on the act of breathing, we could possibly take in too much too quickly out of duress, causing burn or strained ribs, so it imparts a bit of a limiter on us until it's the one back in control.


Question: How can someone have debt that exceeds their wealth and yet still be 'rich' ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can someone have debt that exceeds their wealth and yet still be 'rich' ?

I am a theoretical millionaire debtor. I have $1 million in cash. I have $5 million in debt. Car loans, house loans, a couple of maxed credit cards. I only am responsible to pay $20,000 per month to my creditors. I can live like this for years before I run out of cash. My monthly income only has to exceed the cost of my payments. It's still a lot of money, but I have $1 million dollars with which to invest, and a 0.2% monthly return isn't hard for someone with any business savvy. Edit: Yeah, I did my math wrong. You got me. I typed that up in a bit of a hurry and didnt check myself.


Question: Why can only one person talk on a walkie-talkie channel at a time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can only one person talk on a walkie-talkie channel at a time?

Radios can't receive and transmit on the same frequency (channel) at the same time; their own transmission drowns out the weak signal from a distant transmitter. If you need handle messages in both directions at once then you can use two different channels, but even then it's difficult to receive while transmitting because the local transmission is so much more powerful than the received signal that it can swamp the tuning circuits. Another approach is to use just one channel but switch rapidly between sending and receiving. Walkie-talkies are traditionally simple devices where having one person talk at a time is much less of a problem than going to the trouble and expense of enabling two-way talking. Modern digital communication technology is changing this.


Question: why do you groan when you carry out physically challenging tasks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do you groan when you carry out physically challenging tasks?

when you flex your muscles intently for a task, you may indeed squeeze the air out of yourself while your throat is configured in a neutral state that would construct a glottal stop when given breath. and so, you wince "hnng" as this is the sound of an aspirated glottal stop.


Question: Who makes the rules on what can be a pet and what can't? Can't any animal you raise from a baby then be a domesticated pet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Who makes the rules on what can be a pet and what can't? Can't any animal you raise from a baby then be a domesticated pet?

Pets are artificially bred to have traits favourable as “pets”. Dogs and cats weren’t always perfect pets, we forced individuals with favourable traits to mate until we were satisfied with the offspring. Raising a lion as a baby won’t mean it won’t eat you. You’d have to find the lions who had the least tendency to eat humans and breed them for many generations until you have a species that doesn’t eat humans.


Question: Why is everyone ordering way too many things online, causing everything to go out of stock & prices to rise 2 times more, if the economy is supposedly rock bottom & overall people are earning less money than they had before lockdowns?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is everyone ordering way too many things online, causing everything to go out of stock & prices to rise 2 times more, if the economy is supposedly rock bottom & overall people are earning less money than they had before lockdowns?

They're buying different things. For example, in my area, nobody is buying new cars so there's a giant glut of new car sales. But our school districts just announced that they will start virtual in the fall so Ikea is completely out of desks and chairs as parents everywhere rush to build new "home school" setups. Lots of people don't want to go out due to COVID-19 restrictions so they're buying stuff online that they normally would have bought at the store. They're not buying more, they're buying the same stuff from a different place. Total expenditure is way down, that's what they mean when they say "The economy shrank by x%", but where people are spending the money they have left moved around a ton and it's taking months for all the supply chains to catch up. For example, I still can't reliably find normal-sized flour at the grocery store because everyone is baking at home and buying all the flour in sight, and the nice people at King Arthur are spinning up their flour mills as fast as they can, but I can buy JetBlue snack packs online for cheap because nobody's flying.


Question: How is spending money on customer accusation is worth it in the long run?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is spending money on customer accusation is worth it in the long run?

If the product is satisfactory, and people are used to it, they will stick to the beaten path. Often people believe finding a replacement service is more of an effort than to deal with the price bump.


Question: How does the fallopian tube capture the egg from the ovaries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the fallopian tube capture the egg from the ovaries?

There are little... Flesh fingers (for lack of a better term) at the ends of each fallopian tube that bring in the egg. It isn't possible for the opposite tube to bring in the egg, but it is possible that the tube isn't able to bring in the egg, and in that case the egg just gets released into the abdomen.


Question: why the smoke out of factories sticks around in the sky for so long?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why the smoke out of factories sticks around in the sky for so long?

If your cigarette was 50m tall and 10m wide the smoke would probably hang around a lot longer too. It's quite simply pumping out millions of times more than your cigarette is.


Question: How and why do our ears produce wax?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How and why do our ears produce wax?

How? There are wax producing glands in the skin of the ear canal. Why? To protect against dirt, bacteria, etc


Question: Why did everyone go nuts when Ridley was announced? What's the significance there?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did everyone go nuts when Ridley was announced? What's the significance there?

Well, for the longest time, Samus has been the only Metroid character in Smash Bros (aside from items and assist trophies and things like that). A subset of the Smash community has been very vocally asking for another Metroid character for years and years. Ridley, specifically, has been requested time and again, because aside from Samus and the Metroid species, Ridley is probably the most recognizable character from the franchise. Ridley, as Smash's developers have stated many times in the past, isn't really a good fit for Smash. He's a massive dragon, for one, and that doesn't really lend itself to being a good fighter in Smash Bros. They shrunk him down anyway and now he's going to be in the next Smash. A lot of the excitement you're seeing is probably just people memeing, but there are definitely people who are genuinely excited because (A) it finally means another Metroid character for Smash and (B) it *is* a little bit ridiculous to think that Ridley is actually going to be a fighter alongside Link and Bowser and Captain Falcon.


Question: How do IP addresses work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do IP addresses work?

Ip addresses point to devices on a network like addresses point to houses on a street. Obviously it gets deeper than that but its a large subject, came you be more specific on what aspect youre curious about?


Question: How do speakers work when you increase or decrease the sound?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do speakers work when you increase or decrease the sound?

Speakers work by using an electric signal to move a magnet, which moves a cone, which vibrates the air, which you perceive as sound The speed at which the signal cycles determines the frequency, or the tone. The amount of power determines how hard the magnet is pulled, which determines how hard the air is vibrated, and how loud it is


Question: What makes Earth’s core hot? Why isn’t it just a cold blob made up of metal and minerals?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes Earth’s core hot? Why isn’t it just a cold blob made up of metal and minerals?

Two major reasons: 1. The earth was formed as a result of accretion. Small particles gradually attracted each other due to gravitational forces and formed bigger objects. This process accumulated a lot of heat; when two objects collide, heat is generated. And as a majority of the heat was retained and never lost, the earth's core remained hot. 2. However, a majority of the heat ( > 90%) is produced through the **decaying of radioactive elements**. The nucleus of unstable elements like U238 (Uranium) gradually break down, releasing energy.


Question: How can something like air or atmospheric gases and other stuff be completely colorless/invisible to human eyes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can something like air or atmospheric gases and other stuff be completely colorless/invisible to human eyes?

Every gas absorbs and passes light of different colors. From an evolutionary perspective, the most useful eye is one that can see the colors that the atmosphere does not absorb, so we can see things and not just some kind of mist.


Question: How do they program computers to play at different elo strengths in chess?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do they program computers to play at different elo strengths in chess?

The "strength" of a computer chess program is governed, generally, by two things: 1. How many moves ahead it calculates; 2. Whether or not it is programmed to select suboptimal moves. The further ahead the computer looks and the more optimal moves it makes, the harder it will be. The fewer moves ahead it looks and the less optimal moves it makes, the easier it will be. You can then calibrate the computer by having it play against ranked people and seeing how well it fairs.


Question: - Why do cooking instructions tell to boil and then immediately turn down the heat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why do cooking instructions tell to boil and then immediately turn down the heat?

Because a simmer is just as hot (within a few degrees) and much more controllable. It won't smash delicate tortellini apart and won't splash or overflow violently.


Question: Why do many people continue to hear/see sounds and images from a video game they've played recently for hours or days after they've stopped playing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do many people continue to hear/see sounds and images from a video game they've played recently for hours or days after they've stopped playing?

Funny you mention Tetris several times, this is actually a widely recognized phenomenon aptly called the 'Tetris effect'. There is a respectively named Wikipedia article on it that I would link to if I wasn't on mobile and too lazy to bother with cross app links.


Question: Why does riding a roller coaster feel so much faster than driving in a car at a similar speed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does riding a roller coaster feel so much faster than driving in a car at a similar speed?

Roller coasters are designed with much steeper hills and tighter curves than a road. This causes it to feel more "jerky" and out of control even at more moderate speeds. That said, some coasters do in fact reach or exceed vehicle speeds. The record is approximately 150 MPH. There are at least 5 coasters that launch forward reaching over 100 MPH in under 5 seconds.


Question: How are rainbows formed? Why do they only form occasionally?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are rainbows formed? Why do they only form occasionally?

Rainbows are water droplets acting like a prism and splitting white light (like sunlight that contains the entire visible spectrum of light) into bands of the different wave lengths. In case you don't know, the wave length of light determines what color it is. More energetic light has smaller wave lengths and is blue-er, while light with less energy is longer and red. We only see a limited segment of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes radio waves, micro waves, visible light, ultraviolet, infa red, and x rays, all arrayed according to wavelength with visible light somewhere in the middle. Tl;dr any time water gets atomized it'll happen if you look from the right angle. Play around near sprinklers when the sun is low, find the right angle you'll see rainbows. Also rainbows are circular, you just usually don't see the whole thing.


Question: Why is it cheaper to transport goods by water rather than land?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it cheaper to transport goods by water rather than land?

It’s cheaper because the load capacity of a ship is much higher than land vehicles and air vehicles. So more cargo can go on one ship than one truck or airplane. Thus costs is reduced


Question: how did computers get so smart at playing chess ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how did computers get so smart at playing chess ?

Chess is a unique game, in that each piece has only certain moves that can be performed at any time, and thus one can predict which moves will be done many turns in advance, and each move to counter them. There is really no "randomness" in chance. This allows a computer to be programmed to constantly monitor the positions of each piece on the board, and do exactly that, think 10+ turns ahead and figure out each counterplay to each possible movement of each piece on the board, your own and your opponents. & #x200B; It's very close to what a grandmaster in chess does, however, a computer is not subject to stress or other interferences.


Question: How are borders protected where two countries share a beach for instance?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are borders protected where two countries share a beach for instance?

[This]( URL_0 ) is a picture of Border Field State Park. It is the US/Mexico border reaching the Pacific Ocean. On the other side of the fence is Tijuana, Mexico. On the near side is California, about 20 miles South of San Diego. As you can see the fence goes out into the water a bit, and the US side is crawling with Border Patrol Agents.


Question: How much effect does Central Park have on New York City's air quality?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How much effect does Central Park have on New York City's air quality?

Ever spit into the ocean? It's about that much effect.


Question: Do people that are truly "losing their mind" realise it, and if not, when someone thinks they are losing their mind, is that an indicator that they are in fact not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do people that are truly "losing their mind" realise it, and if not, when someone thinks they are losing their mind, is that an indicator that they are in fact not?

How aware people are of when they are having mental health issues varies quite a bit. People who are really out of it do not know that they are having issues. For a person who is delusional, their delusions are their reality. There are also plenty of people who have personality disorders that prevent them from realizing that they are not behaving in a typical manner. People with Narcissistic personality disorder aren't able to grasp that they are narcissistic - they just think everyone else is an idiot. Other disorders have less of an effect on reasoning. People who have anxiety disorders are usually quite able to tell that they are having a panic attack, people with OCD understand that their compulsions aren't something other people have.


Question: What would happen if the United States of America paid off all its debts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen if the United States of America paid off all its debts?

People would lose their safest investments. Most of the debt is owned by private citizens and public institutions. Like anyone who owns Savings Bonds.


Question: Why are there such large variations in the average life span of different organisms?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there such large variations in the average life span of different organisms?

Extrinsic mortality influences the optimal life expectancy for an organism. If you evolve in a very risky environment where you wont live very long because of external risks (predation/environment), it wouldn't be the optimal use of resources to invest resources in living for a long period of time. This is called Disposable Soma theory.


Question: How does a CEO tweeting about their stocks being overpriced cause people to lose so much money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a CEO tweeting about their stocks being overpriced cause people to lose so much money?

When you buy a stock, you're buying a small small piece of the company, you're quite literally a part owner. Fluctuations in price are largely forecast or opinion driven, and if the speculation/outlook of a stock is too high, the stock is at risk of a quick crash. If someone says that a stock is overpriced, particularly a higher-up insider, it raises a lot of doubt, and some people will "panic sell"


Question: Since any positive number has 1 unique reciprocal, does that mean the amount of numbers between 0 and 1 is exactly the same between 1 and ∞ ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Since any positive number has 1 unique reciprocal, does that mean the amount of numbers between 0 and 1 is exactly the same between 1 and ∞ ?

The confusion arises from the fact that there are two competing ways to interpret "size". First one that every explanation here tries to get to, which is "how many numbers are in those intervals", called "cardinality" in maths. This is the intuitive way to compare non-infinite number of stuff, and mathematicians decided to expand that to infinite stuff as well because it's quite useful. Second way to interpret this, which works for non-countable stuff quite well, is "length"(or in some similar problems, "area", or "volume"). This is how long the line segment in question is. The mathy generalization of this is called "measure". But for infinite stuff, as it turns out, this "measure" doesn't really stay same under many common operations, making it kinda less interesting. Also, in many cases, it's not like you have some obvious measure you should use. However, with line segments, there is, so the inclination to use it is strong. You can see measure becoming weird in the simple act of taking interval from 0 to 1, and doubling each number. You now haven't added a single number, simply repositioned them, but the length has doubled, and the resulting numbers form a line segment between 0 and 2. Cardinality is less precise in some ways, but with it, you can be way more confident that if you have some number of elements, and you do things like reposition them or change their names, you won't change cardinality. It's nice to have properties that you can rely on. But, cardinality can't tell you much about "length" or some such things. So when you ask about "how many numbers", those with mathematical inclination tend to gravitate towards using the definition of size that's more reliable. But it is basically just a question of, do you mean "how many" or "how long". Those are not the same question.


Question: What (if any) is the difference between people who regularly fast and people with anorexia?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What (if any) is the difference between people who regularly fast and people with anorexia?

The first is a dietary discipline that keeps the body in a higher metabolic state and reduces disease, while the second is a mental health issue that starves the body of the nutrition it needs while focusing on attaining an unhealthy body image.


Question: ; If marijuana “Stays in the system” for a week or two, why are humans sober after an hour or two? If it’s in the system, is it technically intoxication for all those days

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 ; If marijuana “Stays in the system” for a week or two, why are humans sober after an hour or two? If it’s in the system, is it technically intoxication for all those days

If I'm recalling my drugs class correctly the effects of marijuana come from it activating the cannabinoid receptors in the brain which are specifically designed to react to marijuana and things like it. Not all of the pot goes directly to these receptors in your brain(the site of action), but ends up hanging out in your fat cells for a while. So if it isn't activating these receptors it really isn't intoxication.


Question: How are people able to port entire games to Minecraft?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are people able to port entire games to Minecraft?

Minecraft has two gameplay modes, survival (where you have to gather resources to build) and creative (you have unlimited resources) so obviously this was done in creative. Minecraft has a very basic 'electrical' system which can be used to build logic gates. This is called 'redstone'. Minecraft also has 'command blocks' which allow programming (e.g. to change a certain block to a black block when it receives a signal). Essentially the game wasn't ported to Minecraft but painstakingly rebuilt over a very long time period.


Question: How does chewing gum not dissolve?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does chewing gum not dissolve?

Simple, it's not water soluble, meaning it won't dissolve in water, which is basically what your saliva is. Drop it into some nice sulfuric acid, and it'll be gone overnight, but water/spit just doesn't have what it takes to dissolve it.


Question: How will the many tiny amounts of cryptocurrencies left in users wallets after transactions affect the respective currencies over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How will the many tiny amounts of cryptocurrencies left in users wallets after transactions affect the respective currencies over time?

This is a problem, because each wallet with funds in (even 1 satoshi or similar minimum multiple) has to be indexed. In general, this index has to be held in RAM on every computer running the cryptocurrency software. For bitcoin, this is a big problem, as the list of wallets with funds (the UTXO set) needs hundreds of MB of RAM. In the case of bitcoin, many of these funds are "trapped" due to high transaction fees, and there is no way to spend them or merge them into more compact wallets. The result has been that the size of this UTXO set has been growing rapidly. In contrast, for cryptocurrencies with much lower fees like bitcoin cash, the UTXO set is much smaller and hasn't been growing, because it is cost effective to use these small wallets. We are still in early days, but one of the ways that this is being dealt with in bitcoin is to charge users a "small payment fee", to make sure that a newly received payment is always big enough to spend. For example, if a shop wants to sell a $20 item with bitcoin, they would add a $10 "small payment fee" to take the value up to $30. That extra $10 would cover the bitcoin transaction fees needed to merge that payment into a more compact wallet. Effectively, it is a way of getting the buyer to pay 2 transaction fees - 1 fee to pay the seller, and 1 fee to allow the seller to spend the payment.


Question: What is an Adam’s apple?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is an Adam’s apple?

It's just a lump of cartilage around the vocal cords. It doesn't serve any biological function. Women have the same lump but it tends to be smaller and may not be noticeable through the skin.


Question: Whats the difference between a wifi router, a router and a modem?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Whats the difference between a wifi router, a router and a modem?

A router is a device that lets you connect several devices in a local network. A wireless router is the same thing, except that the devices connect to it worelessly (although it usually contains a couple of ethernet ports). A modem is what connects you to the internet. Some modems also functions as routers, so you don't need two separate devices. What you want is a wifi extender.


Question: how does money laundering work? Not scenarios in movies but if your a typical seeming chap in a middle class suburb how is that even possible without drawing suspicion?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does money laundering work? Not scenarios in movies but if your a typical seeming chap in a middle class suburb how is that even possible without drawing suspicion?

You have some store. Let's say the store makes 5000$ a month. You report earnings as 7000$ instead of 5000$. You now have made that 2000$ "clean." Repeat that over and over to make your illegally earned money seem like it was legally made. It is a process over time.


Question: How do companies such as LaCroix, Bubly, Perrier etc... Have flavors, but contain no fruit juice, no sweeteners and no calories?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do companies such as LaCroix, Bubly, Perrier etc... Have flavors, but contain no fruit juice, no sweeteners and no calories?

They typically contain something called “natural flavors” which La Croix states is “from the natural essence oils from the named fruit used in each of the flavors” which is created by heating the fruit at very high temperature to create a vapor that is then captured. Basically, they heat the fruit so it releases the oils/water into the air, and that is condensed into a scented (and arguably flavored) liquid. It creates just enough of something that you can taste and smell it, but since it isn’t really from the fruit directly, it has no calories.


Question: what is a submerged economy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is a submerged economy?

Presumably they were discussing Spain's economic issues. In that context the "submerged economy" refers to the "black market" or unofficial economic transactions. Roughly 25% of Spain's GDP is composed of these illegal transactions which of course avoid taxes and other regulation. Having such rampant fraud imposes serious economic and social problems for the country.


Question: Why was 'E' skipped as a grade letter?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why was 'E' skipped as a grade letter?

“The F is considered separate as it denotes a failing grade, and does not need to go in alphabetical order. It just so happens that "fail" starts with a letter that skips one letter alphabetically on the scale.” URL_0


Question: How does a treadmill calculate burned calories?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a treadmill calculate burned calories?

Depends on the treadmill. It could take into account your weight. If it's asking for your age, gender, height, and weight when you start a routine - absolutely. And if not, it could just make assumptions and give a rough estimate. That's all any calorie calculator is anyways - an estimate. The more biometric data there is the more accurate, but it's still an estimate.


Question: Why is it OK to compare and draw conclusions from data where there are two samples of very different size?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it OK to compare and draw conclusions from data where there are two samples of very different size?

Sample size is important on its own as it relates to the statistical “power” of a study. Power is about how large of a sample size you need to detect a statistical difference between variables with a given amount of certainty. For example, let’s say we have a two-sided coin, and we don’t know whether it’s a fair coin (i.e. 50/50 odds). If we flip it twice and we get the same side both times, does that mean that it’s not a fair coin? Maybe. But what if we flip it 5000 times and it comes up heads 4750 of those times? Would we be suspicious? We’d be more certain that it wasn’t a fair coin, and we’d have a fairly good idea of the odds. That’s statistical power as it relates to sample size. The other concept in some studies is generalizability and it relates somewhat to power. If we look at a population of 100 people and we find that 80 of them like cold weather, could we then say that 80% of people like cold weather? Again, maybe. But what if I told you that those 100 people all live in Maine and are between the ages of 18-24. We might not be so certain that we could apply the data from those 100 people and make conclusions about people in general. But, if we have a large enough sample, we might be able to find that we have a diverse group of people different locations and different ages and other demographics, and we might be able to generalize our findings. That’s generalizability. Combining these ideas gives you a sense of how we can use smaller sample sizes to imply information about larger sample sizes.


Question: What causes the feeling of boredom and would it provide a survival advantage?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes the feeling of boredom and would it provide a survival advantage?

There's no universal definition of boredom, but at the most basic level, its the feeling of of a lack of stimulation. From an evolutionary perspective, as hunters and hunted, we were under constant pressure to both be actively looking for food and to avoid predators by being aware of our surroundings. If we were to eat, we must be aware of possible meals, and if we were to survive, be aware of threats. Inattention meant death, so our minds developed hyper-attentive tendencies. In the modern world, we don't need to worry about those things, or at least not nearly as much. That leaves us with a brain wired for both physical and mental activity, but a lack of activity to satisfy that need, which can lead to boredom. Our ancestors who were particularly successful didn't have to work as hard to find food or shelter and thus had more "free time", which could lead to boredom. Now, is there an evolutionary advantage to boredom? Possibly, although it's important to remember that not everything has an evolutionary purpose or advantage. A very plausible way that boredom *could* be an evolutionary advantage is that it serves as a motivational force that led our ancestors to try new things, seek new experiences, explore, and innovate, all of which could reward us with more mating opportunities, thus making boredom beneficial.


Question: How come when you have a nose bleed your nose cannot smell the blood that is coming out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come when you have a nose bleed your nose cannot smell the blood that is coming out?

You cannot get air by the nose at they time so the blood smell stays far from the receptors. Try breathing by your nose at that time and it will start to smell. This got me to think. Boogers don't have a scent ?


Question: How come even though the US economy is doing as good as it's been since 2007 and we aren't at war our national debt continues to increase?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come even though the US economy is doing as good as it's been since 2007 and we aren't at war our national debt continues to increase?

Why would anyone go to war with the united states over are debt? that would actually be the absolute worst thing they could do. Basically the united states is like a guy that borrows 10 dollars from people all the time. Sure it gets annoying at times, but he always pays people back 12 dollars. Someone punching him out after they lent him money would just result in them losing their 10 dollars, and not getting a return on investment.


Question: Do things have limited scent/odor molecules? If you leave a spoiled piece of fish out does it stop smelling bad eventually?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do things have limited scent/odor molecules? If you leave a spoiled piece of fish out does it stop smelling bad eventually?

It’s mainly bacteria which causes the decomposition of food and the volatile compounds are the ones which stink. So when the bacteria has finished feasting on everything it can the odour would stop too. By then it would be hard to describe what’s left as the original fish, more like leftovers. Edit: I also would think of this for the example of sh*t lol


Question: How does the 4k recording on an S5 differ from the 4k recording on the S10 if it's the same resolution?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the 4k recording on an S5 differ from the 4k recording on the S10 if it's the same resolution?

The video sensor picks up less noise on the S10, the preprocessor does a better job of interpolating the signal, and the compression preserves the data that better represents what was originally seen. Think of the video like a glass of water. Both videos hold 4K (or 4oz of water) but the quality of that water can be vastly different depending on how it was processed before being put in the glass.


Question: why does squinting seemingly make stuff less bright, even if your pupil isn’t being covered in the slightest?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does squinting seemingly make stuff less bright, even if your pupil isn’t being covered in the slightest?

The whites of your eyes have little to do with what you actually see. The pupil of your eyes is responsible for receiving light and transmitting it to the brain to be perceived as vision. Squinting changes the angle of the lens of your eye overlying the pupil, causing light to be refracted differently to certain areas inside of your eye, some of which are better at detecting brightness of light, while others are better at detecting color and overall acuity (sharpness) of an image. If you wear glasses for nearsightedness (trouble with distance vision), you can actually improve your distance vision slightly through squinting -- it bends the light in a way that partially corrects the lens abnormality in nearsightedness. If you only have a mild case of nearsightedness, squinting can almost correct it entirely (but will cause eye strain and other issues doing it all the time). All your glasses (or contact lenses) do in these situations is add another lens with a correction factor to cancel out what your lens isn't doing properly and hence correct your vision.


Question: How do women’s reproductive organs work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do women’s reproductive organs work?

Honestly, I don’t really have the energy to parse this question completely (I.e. what do you mean by work), but I know a great OBGYN who can help! URL_1 URL_0 (She has a lot more) So from what I can parse, I will say that the uterus is a muscular organ that builds and sheds a protective lining /roughly/ each month. It primarily gets the signal to do this through hormones produced by the pituitary and the development of the egg. The ovaries are where the immature egg cells live; every 24-32 days(-ish) about 50 of them race to mature and be ovulated two weeks before the period. Then, they have to hop a gap into the tubes that lead to the uterus. This is not always successful. If it’s not, you can get life threatening pregnancies in the abdomen or Fallopian tube, which will kill mom and baby unless aborted. /Anyway/, at the bottom of the uterus is the cervix. That’s where you get cervical cancer, and it prevents things from entering the uterus. Try not to ram things into it—that hurts. There’s a tube connecting that to the outside; that’s the vagina. It can expand to fit large things in it, and then contract back down. /Stretching is not a real thing/ (although if you’re worried that you can’t get a Pap smear, dialators to help you are a thing). The tissue on the outside is called the vulva, and is covered by the labia minora (inner flaps) and the labia majora (large, outside flaps that also cover the urethra, which is in front of the vulva). Where it is easiest to stimulate the clitoris is mostly on the outside, in these areas, but I noticed one time that it actually comes together in front of the urethra (which is why some kinds of stimulation may make an AFAB partner need to pee). So finally, the hormones come from the brain, stimulate the ovary and uterus, which then stimulates the uterus, the egg passes, the uterus stops receiving signals from the brain, and either the zygote sends signals to stop menstruation, or the body enters it. It’s theorized that menstruation, in addition to preventing infections, weak pregnancies, and unnecessary use of resources /also/ makes sure that the baby doesn’t steal too many nutrients from the parent. Honestly, human babies are extremely invasive, so you need a thick lining to prevent them from hurting you. (Edit: I forgot to mention that the cervix then opens to let all the blood, tissue and clots out, and does so for 4-8 days. It’s often extremely painful for the first few years, and then less so. Or you get diagnosed with endometriosis, PCOS, fibroids, etc. And they stay very painful) Breasts work by making milk in ducts, sort of how you make sweat. Most other things are the same, including the brain (despite what some... questionable sources have told you). And that’s the phenotypical AFAB body. It’s different for trans people like me, and even more different for intersex and surgically transitioned persons, but I don’t have the spoons to get into all that today.


Question: Why are gasoline prices so volatile especially compared to other staples like bread or milk?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are gasoline prices so volatile especially compared to other staples like bread or milk?

Because the markup on gasoline is much smaller than the markup on more processed goods like bread. [Wheat prices]( URL_0 ) are similarly volatile as [oil prices]( URL_1 ), but there's about a nickel of wheat in a loaf of bread, so when the price of wheat moves by 50% it impacts the total cost of the loaf by only a couple percent (and most of the other costs are much more stable). Oil is the majority of the cost of gasoline, so when oil prices move gasoline prices often rapidly follow. Milk is unique because dairy prices are heavily influenced [by the government]( URL_2 ).


Question: Only the biggest and strongest lions get to pass on their genes, so why do lions stay approximately the same size and strength? Why aren't they constantly getting bigger and stronger?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Only the biggest and strongest lions get to pass on their genes, so why do lions stay approximately the same size and strength? Why aren't they constantly getting bigger and stronger?

"Biggest and strongest" isn't necessarily true, it's more like, the ones who are best adapted to their environment pass on their genes. Additionally, there's a just a natural limit to how big an animal can get, due to nourishment factors. Bigger lions would require more food for more energy and the ecology wouldn't be able to support that after a while.


Question: What does the 4th dimension look like, and how would we perceive it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does the 4th dimension look like, and how would we perceive it?

The 4th dimension can't be looked at by us or interpreted by us who reside in the 3rd dimension, no more than a 2D object has any awareness of the 3rd dimension. The reason for this is because us 3rd dimension people view time as a constant. This is untrue for the 4th dimension because time is viewed just as loosely there as we would view 'depth' here in the 3rd dimension. The easiest comparison is viewing a cube. Us 3rd dimensional beings would only see the shape of the cube from left to right and up to down, *AND front to back*. Conversely, a 2d being would only view this cube from left to right and up to down, but not front to back. In the 4th dimension, this cube is viewed according to a particular moment in time. So this cube you visioned 1 millisecond ago is viewed differently from now. How you say? Well this is where it gets tricky. Simply put, if the cube changes in shape, we can notice. If the cube is viewed by you right now, you can see the cube, but you don't know if the cube was there yesterday. In the 4th dimension, they can tell that answer by viewing the cube from a "different angle" much like we would to view the shape from a different angle in order to tell if the shape changed or not.


Question: Why is jumping from a bridge lethal?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is jumping from a bridge lethal?

There are a lot of bridges people jump from for sport regularly, and they come out perfectly healthy. If you're thinking "suicide bridges" like the golden gate bridge, it's a combination of extreme height (20-30 meter drive is ok, 70+ meters isn't), cold water, far distance to the next land, and strong currents that is deadly. One might be killed by the impact alone at that height, and it that's not the case, it's drowning with extra steps.


Question: How does medicine expire or become less potent over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does medicine expire or become less potent over time?

A 2012 study showed that ~86% of expired medications can stay effective for even up to 50 years after their expiration date. URL_0


Question: how did property tax begin and why do we need it? Isn't it like paying rent on something you already own?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how did property tax begin and why do we need it? Isn't it like paying rent on something you already own?

There are several reasons that property taxes are a good idea. One it is a good way to make sure that property (as in real estate) that is serviced by public infrastructure (as in roads, water mains, police departments, fire departments, etc...) helps pay for public infrastructure. And typically property taxes are what pay for local services like water mains, local roads, and schools. Two it helps keeps wealthy families with large portions of land from maintaining possession of that property indefinitely. If you look at things like the Vanderbilt Estate, it took several generations but eventually it got to the point where the property taxes are too expensive for the remaining family to maintain. So in a lot of cases they end up donating it to the government as museums to avoid the taxes. The trick is regardless of which tax mechanism you decide to use, there is always going to be a group that doesn't like that choice. But through property taxes, income taxes, sales taxes, inheritance taxes, or usage taxes you have to collect enough money to pay for the services that government provides. And arguing about one being unfair generally gets seen as deciding that you would rather someone else be burdened with paying the portion of tax you are currently spending on that type of tax.


Question: How does an audio equalizer actually WORK? (Not how do I use one)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does an audio equalizer actually WORK? (Not how do I use one)

It is all just [filtering]( URL_0 . By careful selection and placement of time-based elements in your circuit like capacities and inductors, you can filter out frequencies. In essence you can think that a capacitor takes a certain amount of time to charge. When fully charged, the capacitor acts as an open circuit and does not let any more current flow. Frequencies that are too fast will not let the capacitor charge/discharge between cycles, giving you what’s called a low-pass filter (it only lets low frequencies through). In general you can create most types of filters in circuits, but modern equalizers will do it with dedicated chips or even in software. The mathematics behind filtering is Fourier analysis, and most Fourier transforms have a circuit equivalent.


Question: Why is it that when you are on a highway it sounds like you are on roller coaster track? I’ve always wondered this and no one has been able to give me an answer.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that when you are on a highway it sounds like you are on roller coaster track? I’ve always wondered this and no one has been able to give me an answer.

If you're talking about a constant click-clack sound that's kind of similar to going up the hill on a roller coaster: the highway you're driving on is probably made of concrete blocks/sheets. Over the years they separate, and the cracks get filled in. Then when you drive on it, the car makes a click-clack every time it goes over one of those ridges of filled in stuff.


Question: why appliances such as an old generation TV or a remote which are not working properly start functioning correctly when hit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why appliances such as an old generation TV or a remote which are not working properly start functioning correctly when hit?

The russian way of fixing things is not a consistent way to fix things. It could help separating pieces that shouldnt and remove a power issue momentarily but i dont recommend hitting anything.


Question: What are some examples of 'gaslighting'?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are some examples of 'gaslighting'?

Let's say that you and your girlfriend live in an apartment together. And she keeps hiding your car keys in different places, but every time you call her on it, she's all "No, don't you remember putting it there? It's been there all along. Are you sure you're remembering things okay?" And the more she does that, the more you doubt yourself. Maybe you are just being forgetful. Like, why would your girlfriend lie to you about your keys? Eventually, she's convinced you that you can't trust your own memories. The term comes from a 1938 play, "Gaslight" where a husband psychologically manipulates his wife this way.


Question: Why aren’t race and other demographic info withheld in justice systems to create an impartial system?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why aren’t race and other demographic info withheld in justice systems to create an impartial system?

The accused has a right to confront their accusers and to attend their own trials. So it's pretty obvious to all involved, when it comes to race, gender, etc.


Question: how was Helen Keller able to understand how to read / write without being able to hear or see?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how was Helen Keller able to understand how to read / write without being able to hear or see?

Her teacher Anne Sullivan taught her words using sign language in her hands. She would place her hands inside Helen Keller's hands and then make the signs. With many, many years of working together, there wasn't much that they couldn't say to each other, especially once Helen Keller learned the alphabet and how to read braille.