Question: Why do all radio stations end with an odd number after the decimal?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do all radio stations end with an odd number after the decimal?

To avoid interference, stations must be 0.2 MHz apart. If they used the even numbers too, they'd only be 0.1 MHz apart, and the signals would overlap.


Question: How can we warm things like food up (ovens) and cool them down (freezers) with electricity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can we warm things like food up (ovens) and cool them down (freezers) with electricity?

Electricity and heat are both energy, although different *forms* of energy. Heating and cooling works slightly different, though. In an oven, electricity is converted to heat by running it through a wire with a high resistance. This causes energy losses in the form of heat, which dissipates out into the oven, heating the food. Simply put, we convert electrical energy into heat. In a freezer, we use the electricity to run a system of pipes and valves. Through some clever engineering, we can force a liquid called refrigerant to evaporate into a gas and the condense back into a liquid. When this happens the refrigerant, because of how our universe works, *has* to take in or give away energy. By taking in energy inside the freezer and giving it away outside the freezer, we can move the heat from inside the freezer to outside the freezer. This is why the back of your freezer is warm and shouldn't stand directly against the wall! Edit: Spelling.


Question: How much of the new Apple Silicon chips did Apple actually design, given that the chips' ARM architecture is developed by another company?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How much of the new Apple Silicon chips did Apple actually design, given that the chips' ARM architecture is developed by another company?

My understanding is that the particular ARM license being utilized by Apple leaves the actual implementation entirely up to them. An analogy might be as if you licensed the internal combustion engine. This allows you the right to produce your own engine that consists of the basic elements and principals patented by the licensor, while the decisions of materials, optimizations, and the engineering of individual elements are up to you. You are permitted to simply copy the original design in it's entirety, or you can choose to develop bigger or lighter pistons. In this way, every or nearly every element of the end design may be further developed by Apple. There's really no way of knowing how much they actually chose to re-use or re-develop.


Question: What exactly is in blood and how come some animals are able to survive without it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is in blood and how come some animals are able to survive without it?

Very, very few complex animals do not have circulation. Flatworms, nematodes, jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals are among the species that do not have a circulatory system and thus do not have blood. Their body cavity has no lining or fluid within it. They obtain nutrients and oxygen directly from the environment that they live in. The only non-red blood animal I know of is the octopus. Octopus blood is blue because it contains a protein called Harmocyanin. This compares to Hemoglobin in mammals, which is the "red" part of mammal blood. (The color actually depends on the amount of oxygen in the blood, but that's a different question.)


Question: What's are some of the crucial differences between psychology and sociology?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's are some of the crucial differences between psychology and sociology?

I'm neither a psychologist nor a sociologist, I'm a physiologist, so you'd probably give a better explanation than me actually. But here goes (if you literally want to explain to a 7 year old): Let's say a psychologist and a sociologist decided to drop by your school during the recess/lunch. The psychologist would immediately start noticing a child sitting in the corner eating by themselves. So they approach them and start asking them how they're feeling, why they don't go talk to the other kids, and so on. The kid then says that they feel very nervous when other kids talk to them, they don't like the attention, and would feel safer alone. The psychologist then asks many other questions to understand why the kid might feel this way while others don't. Then the psychologist keeps walking around, they find a group of kids where one person is the one that talks most and everyone laughs at what they say. They get interested, so they approach that kid and ask them questions about themselves, how their parents raised them, how many friends they have, how they feel when others laugh at their jokes and whether they find it important that they do, and so on. Overall, the psychologist is really interested in specific individuals and what makes them unique. They're also interested in patterns that individuals show, what's common between these kids and the reasons for why they act the way they do. The sociologist, on the other hand, immediately notices that there are many groups of kids, they range from 3 to 8 kids. They notice how the girls tend to hang out together, and the boys together. Then they notice a pattern, those sitting together tend to either all get their food from home in lunchboxes or they all get food from the cafeteria. What's more interesting is that the pictures on the lunchboxes of people together seem to come from similar kinds of things like specific types of cartoons or superhero movies and so on. They find this interesting, so they start writing this down to try and understand why the kids that have common food habits and cartoon/movie interests sit together. During that time, the bell rings, and the sociologist notices some groups waited for others to go inside before they went inside. Overall, they find such patterns of how groups of kids behave very fascinating. I'm not particularly good at talking to kids but I hope that's simple and accurate enough?


Question: how mobile finger scanner works?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how mobile finger scanner works?

If you mean something like Touch ID on an iPhone then there is a crystal coverglass that protects the sensor and a metal ring to detect when a finger is in contact with it. When your finger touches the sensor, a ultra high resolution snapshot of the ridges and shape of your finger is taken, even the layers under the skin are measured (stops spoofing with fake finger). To take this "image", the sensor detects tiny tiny differences in capacitance (electrical charge) in-between ridges in your fingerprints, which makes up a full picture. These images are taken during the set up process, and then this image is turned into a mathematical hash, a one way operation, and stored on the phone. When you scan later to unlock, the "image" is snapped as you touch the sensor, the hash of that new image is generated and if the new one matches the stored one, the phone unlocks. & #x200B; TLDR; tiny sensor measures differences in electrical charges between ridges and bumps in your fingerprint.


Question: Can't you simply guess a PaySafeCard pin since it only contains numbers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can't you simply guess a PaySafeCard pin since it only contains numbers?

In principle, yes. But how many valid PINs exist at any time? Let's be very optimistic and guess 1 billion. There are 10 quadrillion possible 16-digit PINs, so you have a 1 in 10 million chance of guessing a valid PIN. That puts it in the same ballpark as guessing the winning lottery numbers, and there are probably far fewer than a billion active PINs.


Question: How does one calculate the death toll from the aftermath of a bomb like the MOAB?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does one calculate the death toll from the aftermath of a bomb like the MOAB?

Aerial or satellite flyovers had likely established a "pattern of life" of the area before hand for days or weeks. This gives a decent idea of how many people were moving around, who many of them were, and the routines. That would give an upper end for casualty estimates. The whole area would continue to have this kind of surveillance after the bomb was dropped, showing if any one left the area, which would subtract from the upper end of the estimate. Afghan National Army troops moving in afterwards could conduct visual checks and estimates of whatever bodies were left. A lot of photos for later would be taken. Afghan National Special Forces or US troops, which may have been called in due to the high profile of the bombing, would be collecting samples of blood and hair in evidence bags for later analysis. They would also be carrying biometric scanners similar to a [BAT/HIIDE]( URL_0 ) to take samples of any intact fingers, eyes, or toes (bodies themselves are too big to bring back). This would give them a number of individual prints, and if any of the biometric data was previously associated with a known insurgent, they could be able to specifically know who the body was. I do not know the details of this specific bombing, in regards who went on the ground afterwards, but that is the way it's usually done; if I were to make a blind guess, I'd absolutely say US troops would have been doing the site inspection alongside Afghan soldiers.


Question: are moods , emotions and feelings different things?if yes, what's the difference?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 are moods , emotions and feelings different things?if yes, what's the difference?

In psychology, moods are general emotional states that persist for a longer period of time. They're less intense than feelings or emotions, and they tend not to be caused by any particular event. When you talk about "being a positive person" or "being a bit of a downer", you're talking about your general mood. Feelings are the instantaneous, intense, and very specific emotional states. You could say "I'm so proud of this thing I've just done", or "I'm feeling quite lusty because of that thing you just did". An easy way to remember this one is that we can also feel other physical sensations, but only when they're currently happening; "I'm feeling hungry". Emotions are the middle ground between moods and feelings. This is where the more general feelings reside and where we might find people saying stuff like; "I love you", or "I've been so angry today".


Question: When a sapling is planted for a tree, and that tree grows, where did the matter for the grown tree come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a sapling is planted for a tree, and that tree grows, where did the matter for the grown tree come from?

Water and some nutrients are drawn up from the ground through the roots. Carbon dioxide is taken in from the air and used to make simple sugar, which is then used to make much of the plant. So the majority of the "body" of the plant comes from the air around it.


Question: What is it about human psychology that causes us to find games like Candy Crush, Tetris, etc so satisfying?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is it about human psychology that causes us to find games like Candy Crush, Tetris, etc so satisfying?

These games are designed around having relatively frequent and very noticeable 'rewards' that stimulates chemicals in your brain that make you feel happy or satisfied. Particularly a chemical called dopamine. Rather than real life where rewards take much longer and are far less in your face. The brain is sucked into a loop: getting reward 'points' or items or what have you;anticipate getting more rewards, do thing that gives direct and immediate rewards. That's why people can play it for hours. Accomplishing most irl tasks require much longer periods between reward and anticipation. // Tl/Dr : the in game rewards make your brain release a lot of happy chemicals. More info: URL_0


Question: How does ointments you apply on the skin (eg Voltaren) affect muscles under the skin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does ointments you apply on the skin (eg Voltaren) affect muscles under the skin?

The skin is the largest organ of the human body, and like other organ systems require the circulatory system to deliver nutrients and remove waste. The integumentary system, including the skin, is made up of several different layers, permeable to chemicals and other substances. Voltaren gel, chemically engineered to dissolve across the skin to the muscle, reducing inflammation at the target tissue.


Question: Why do plastic bottle labels say, “do not refill?”

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do plastic bottle labels say, “do not refill?”

Good responses here, but I feel the need to step in and say that plastic degrading or breaking off into your drink is rare to impossible. The plastic of ordinary beverage containers still takes near eternity to degrade or release anything harmful. Reports have exaggerated this concept when the actual effects occur over a matter of decades. Keep reusing that bottle as long as you keep it clean. Infinitely better even than recycling.


Question: How does grading on a curve work exactly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does grading on a curve work exactly?

There are different types of grading on a curve... some ways I've seen grades curved are: - highest grade get slid up to 100, every other grade moves up same number of points... so if top score was an 87, everybody's grade gets increased by 13. - Top 10% get A's, Next 20% get B's, middle 40% get C's, next 20% get D's, bottom 10% fail - Had one professor who had 15% increments for letter grades, ie. 85+ was A, 70-84 B, 55-69 C, 40-54 D... I think I got a 53% in that class, which was far and away the hardest class I've ever taken in terms of testing, and don't feel it really correlated to learnings at all. The class was a psychology/science co-listed class I took to meet a science distribution requirement, but it was SUPER specific, while most intro level classes are high level concepts. For example, there was a brain diagram on a test w/ 20 parts to label, ALL or NOTHING. I got 18 right, transposed 2 parts and got 0/20 points for that section of the exam.


Question: What do metrologists mean by the "feels like" temperature and how is is different than the actual temperature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What do metrologists mean by the "feels like" temperature and how is is different than the actual temperature?

Let say it's 25°C in a room. Now turn on a fan. The temperature is same but it feels like colder when the fan in turned on.


Question: Why can butter be left out at room temperature for weeks and be safe to eat, but milk can go bad if left out for an hour?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can butter be left out at room temperature for weeks and be safe to eat, but milk can go bad if left out for an hour?

Bacteria needs moisture to grow. Butter has virtually no moisture, it's almost pure fat. Milk is largely water and has sugars so it provides a prime environment for bacterial and fungal growth if the temperature is right.


Question: when shopping online at a store that has physical locations, why does it almost always not have the "closest store" correct?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when shopping online at a store that has physical locations, why does it almost always not have the "closest store" correct?

Because the website is looking at the address of your ISP, and the physical address for their hub is not normally in your backyard. It gets even worse when you are using mobile data, the last point in the chain of hubs between you and the store could be in another state.


Question: In areas where the tap water is not drinkable but can be used for washing or even cooking, what is usually the contaminant/issue with it that makes it okay to put on our skin etc. but not okay to drink?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In areas where the tap water is not drinkable but can be used for washing or even cooking, what is usually the contaminant/issue with it that makes it okay to put on our skin etc. but not okay to drink?

Water-borne bacteria. Direct consumption could make you ill. However things like bathing and washing your clothes don't involve direct consumption of water. For cooking you're boiling the water, which kills the bacteria and allows you to safely consume. In other instances it may be problems such as high iron or high lead concentrations in the water. In those cases the water should not be consumed for any purpose as boiling will not make the water safer like it does for bacteria.


Question: Is it possible for a nuclear bomb to ignite the atmosphere on fire? If not, why did physicists think it was possible? If so, how?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is it possible for a nuclear bomb to ignite the atmosphere on fire? If not, why did physicists think it was possible? If so, how?

> Obviously it never happened, so is it still a legitimate concern that a freak occurrence like this could happen? No, the idea was sparked by the realization of nuclear fusion of hydrogen. The ocean or perhaps even the atmosphere might set off a self-propagating fusion reaction. Of course it can't but they needed to run the math to know that, and doing so wasn't the easiest of things so the idea could be kicked around a bit before being dismissed.


Question: Private prisons exist in the Netherlands, but they are not allowed to make a profit. How and why do they exist?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Private prisons exist in the Netherlands, but they are not allowed to make a profit. How and why do they exist?

Think of them like a charity, they have all the running costs covered but the ultimate aim of them is to rehabilitate offenders which in the long run saves the government money with no re-offending. They’ll be private company run as the government is already busy with running the country so agreeing a contract and paying the invoice every month works out easier


Question: How do frogs, toads and other amphibians know how and where to find new bodies of water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do frogs, toads and other amphibians know how and where to find new bodies of water?

Amphibians explore and migrate during cool moist weather. They can cover a lot of distance that way, especially if they can find damp places to take shelter in between stages of their journey. Most animals (including us) are also perfectly capable of smelling water from a good distance. Wind blowing across a body of water will have more moisture in its air than the surrounding air. An exploring frog that smells water on the wind will likely come to check it out.


Question: Why do horses need horseshoes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do horses need horseshoes?

For exactly the same reason *we* wear shoes. If we were trampling around on grass and mud all day we'd be fine. But concrete and gravel? Stone floors? Your feet would be wrecked. Then try doing it while carrying a heavy rucksack on your back.


Question: How does lightning not strike homes more often? Houses and apartments are everywhere , surely some stray lighting strikes should hit them and cause them to burn up. Even if they're not the most conductive objects in the area, shouldn't at least more be struck?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does lightning not strike homes more often? Houses and apartments are everywhere , surely some stray lighting strikes should hit them and cause them to burn up. Even if they're not the most conductive objects in the area, shouldn't at least more be struck?

They do hit them pretty often. Usually houses have lightning rods in them. They are usually steel rods on the roof which goes down all the way into the earth a few meters deep, where it is grounded. This protects the houses from any harm that a lightning would do to it.


Question: Why does ice cream in a store (Cold Stone, Baskin-Robbins, etc.) not get "freezer burn"/accumulate ice over its surface when sitting in the freezer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does ice cream in a store (Cold Stone, Baskin-Robbins, etc.) not get "freezer burn"/accumulate ice over its surface when sitting in the freezer?

Freezer burn is the result of air coming into contact with food. When food is frozen, a bunch of water molecules within the food form ice crystals. One of the reasons why you are experiencing this while the ice-cream shop is not is likely due to the ice cream slightly defrosting on its journey from the store to your freezer; releasing more water to then freeze into crystals. Ice cream shops get their ice cream delivered (if made off site) in a refrigerated truck, thus preventing any chance of defrosting.


Question: What is and what causes lumpy "knots" in back muscles? Do we only get them in our backs? why/why not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is and what causes lumpy "knots" in back muscles? Do we only get them in our backs? why/why not?

Knots are just areas of muscle in a state on permanent contraction. We can get them anywhere, but they often occur in the back because these muscles are responsible for posture. If your posture is poor or unnatural, some back muscles may contract or relax to compensate & keep you upright. This can lead to knots because the muscle is overused or not used enough. You can also get them from sleeping weird or chronic stress.


Question: Does acceleration matter in a car crash?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does acceleration matter in a car crash?

As far as the energy involved and the impact is concerned they are exactly the same. However the car will twist and pitch under acceleration and braking. So the crash might turn out differently. If you accelerates then it is possible for the crash structures of the cars to miss each other and the accelerating car climbs over the other car and can get launched into the air. This will often lead to rollovers and secondary collisions which can be far more fatal. But if the car is braking then the oppsoite might happen, the crash structure of the braking car might go under the crash structure on the other car. The car may therefore slide under the other car and the majority of the impact will be to the cabin of the car and not the front crash structure. This too is more fatal then if the crash structures hit each other. The dangers of these types of accidents is why modern cars and trucks comes with multiple bumbers at different heights that is designed to catch each other and prevent any one of the cars from sliding over the other. These bumpers are often covered by aerodynamic panels but you can often see how modern cars have a taller front then they did a few decades ago when they had more pointy front. You can also see this in trailers as they have gotten stronger and more numerous crash protection so cars will not be able to go under the trailer in the case of a crash.


Question: What is unlimited QE and what does it mean for the current economy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is unlimited QE and what does it mean for the current economy?

It means printing money. It'll "help combat deflation" in the sense that it directly increases inflation. It'll save the banks as they're just giving them money whenever needed, at the expense of... well... anyone else. QE is "quantitiative easing", not that those words mean anything. It's the central bank (the US FED, the one that prints the money) buying bonds from banks and such, forcing the bond rate to be low. At a low bond rate, this is essentially free money. (If it's less than inflation, it's literally free money you would never pay back). It's a loan. They give the banks cash, with interest and all that. It means the economists are freaking out. But of course they are, have you looked at the stock market? As most wars are fought like they fought the previous wars, they're doing what they can to save the banks. A decade ago, the last crisis was entirely financial that started to spill out into other aspects of life. This time, the banks didn't really do anything wrong, it's a natural event. But they're still saving the banks. Which might still be a good idea. Fundamentally, as the stock price of everything plummets, they're printing cash to keep the price of the dollar low along with it. Ideally, at the end, stocks and dollars will be traded back and forth just as before, because the dollar is weaker. It keeps people from hoarding dollars. It keeps people worried about their 401K from leaping out of buildings. And since the plague is world-wide, there shouldn't even be much competitive advantage.


Question: How does a compound bow work, particularly the function of the cams and the "let off"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a compound bow work, particularly the function of the cams and the "let off"?

Because a compound bow differs from a recurve bow in that it has shorter limbs (the part that extends past the grip), the power to drive the arrow forward into flight comes from a system of pulleys, or "cams" on the ends of the limbs. Essentially, a regular recurve bow works by putting force into the limbs by pulling back on a string. The force is transferred to the limbs so that they are drawn back, and when the string is released, the limbs snap forward, pulling the string and the arrow along with it. This produces the force that propels the arrow. Compound bows, on the other hand, instead of putting the force of the string at a perpendicular angle to the limbs, use their pulleys (cams) to essentially try to pull the limbs together instead of back during draw. There is the part of the string that the arrow rests on, but there is an additional length that is doing the actual "pulling", and it pulls straight up and down on the limbs, pulling them together. When the string is released, the limbs snap back both up and down, instead of forward, making it easier to control. This reduces the strain on the archer, and allows for higher accuracy in a more compact frame, since you're not fighting against the bow trying to fly forward out of your hand. this design comes with the trade-off of needing stronger materials to function properly, but that isn't much of an issue with modern materials. As for "let-off", the cams can be designed and positioned in such a way that the strain of holding the bow at full draw (all the way back) is reduced by a certain percentage, usually anywhere from 70-85%. If you look at a modern compound bow, the cams are not circular, but rather a strange ovoid shape; this is the design that allows for let-off. Let-off allows trophy hunters or casual archers to hold a drawn shot for longer while they sight the target or wait for their prey to come into range. If the let-off weren't there, you would have to hold a full 80 lbs or so of draw, which is difficult to do for any length of time; a let-off of 80 means that you're dropping 80% of full draw weight at the very end of your draw, so you only have to hold 20% of what you did to draw it back. An 80lb bow with a let-off of 80 only takes 16lbs to hold at full draw, which can be done relatively easily.


Question: Why does hand sanitizer do a better job at removing temporary tattoos than soap and water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does hand sanitizer do a better job at removing temporary tattoos than soap and water?

Because it contains mostly alcohol, which is a solvent that dissolves the thin base material that temporary tattoos are made of. Soap and water just scrapes it off, that's why it always balls up on hairs if you only use soap.


Question: Why is Switzerland so rich compared to other European nations?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Switzerland so rich compared to other European nations?

Imagine Europe is a playground. You know how sometimes a friend might share their snacks with you from their lunch? Or people who simply get along might trade their lunches so both people will have something they like more? Well there are also bullies who might fight and steal lunch money from people they don't like. Well if you stay friends with everyone you can and you don't get into fights with the bullies you will eventually end up with more snacks from your friends, more lunches that you like, and you also won't ever have your lunch money stolen. Now that you have all this extra food you could sell that. You can also let people know that if they share a little with you you will hold on to their lunches/lunch money so that it will be safe. Lastly since you get along with everyone teachers don't check your pockets so you could even hold on to the money the bullies steal for a small cut. If people forget you are holding the stuff at the end of the day you get to keep it too!


Question: what are the pros and cons of unions in the US? Why do people disagree on whether or not they're good for society?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what are the pros and cons of unions in the US? Why do people disagree on whether or not they're good for society?

Unions aren't good or bad for society. They are a solution, and they are good if you have the problem they solve and bad if you don't have the problem. The problem that unions solve is an imbalance caused when the owner of a business can direct unilaterally and individual workers can't participate in that direction process. The classic "good" union is in manufacturing. Management can't listen to 1000 workers to understand their inputs. If the workers unionize and elect respected leaders, then union leaders and management can negotiate on what direction the company should pursue. The classic "bad" union is teachers. School districts are completely decentralized, there is no "boss" who says what they need to do. There are zillions of rules, from federal government through local legislators that highly regulate the school environment. Moreover, the "boss" (school board) is elected by voters and the school union actively campaigns to get the people they like on the school board. They are not providing a balanced negotiation environment, but simply a naked union power grab where union leaders are on both sides of the negotiating table and tax payers have to pay whatever they decide schools cost without any evidence that the schools are being made better. "Unions" are like "music", they have a few things in common, many more things which separate them, and depending on the situation might be more or less desirable.


Question: What's 'Sharia law'? Why do people (apparently) want it in the US and why are conservatives and other people afraid of it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's 'Sharia law'? Why do people (apparently) want it in the US and why are conservatives and other people afraid of it?

It is law derived from Islam. Even if it were a good system (which it may or may not be depending on your beliefs/opinion) it's incompatible with U.S. law because it would violate the First Amendment right to freedom of religion. We wouldn't exactly have that right while being forced into the practices of one particular faith. So yeah. Just not something that needs to happen here, but may be desirable for some hardline Muslims.


Question: Where do bubbles that form on your body after being submerged under water for an extended period of time come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where do bubbles that form on your body after being submerged under water for an extended period of time come from?

The process is called nucleation. Water has some amount of air dissolved it it. But that air cannot form a bubble without s place to form. Small pits or bumps on our body can be a spot for the air to form a bubble. This is the same mechanism that causes mentos to explode all the CO2 out of coke. The mentos is covered in microscopic pits, and the carbonation in the soda can quickly form bubbles in those pits.


Question: How do different varieties of quartz get their color?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do different varieties of quartz get their color?

Quartz can bond with or capture other minerals or elements that will cause it to have variations in color. In fact many different gems are like that. Gemology is one of those topics you would think is simple but the farther down the rabbit hole you go the more complex it can get.


Question: Why does a full moon look gigantic sometimes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a full moon look gigantic sometimes?

There is a well known optical illusion that makes the moon appear larger when it is closer to the horizon. Humans doesn't perceive up and down in the same way they do horizontal directions. Walking 100 feet is a lot different to us than walking a mile, but once an object is out of our reach above us, its distance is irrelevant. 100 feet might as well be a mile. When the moon is near the horizon, it registers as a horizontal distance, and seems very far away, and thus larger. A moon high in the sky is the same size, but it seems closer because we have less of a sense of the distance of objects above us, and thus smaller. It is kind of like [this]( URL_0 ) picture. The men are the same size, but since we expect closer objects to be larger, the closer man appears smaller by comparison.


Question: What happens to a bullet from an ordinary pistol if it never reaches the target?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens to a bullet from an ordinary pistol if it never reaches the target?

All bullets lose energy the moment they leave the barrel, meaning they slow down and fall down. Any bullet fired from any gun that does not hit something will eventually hit the ground, just like when you throw a ball and it arcs down until it hits the ground. It's impossible to answer what distance it can travel because there are far too many variables. The gun used, the cartridge used, the bullet itself, the angle and elevation it was fired at, and external conditions like wind. This is called external ballistics, and there a ton of calculations involved to get an answer for any specific scenario.


Question: What does the red chalky stuff do to your pool cue?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does the red chalky stuff do to your pool cue?

In my experience it's usually blue, but I digress Pool chalk (like hand chalk in weightlifting) increases friction, reduces the chance the cue will slip as it hits the ball (called a miscue).


Question: Why do certain colors of lights have a second, differently colored ring around the source?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do certain colors of lights have a second, differently colored ring around the source?

Go get your eyes checked. You seem to be seeing refraction happening within your eyes. It could be from some minor deformity in the eye like the ones that cause near sightedness and far sightedness, to pressure in the optical nerve. So basically **please go to a doctor as soon as possible.** Source: had something similar once due to a medicine increasing optical nerve pressure and I have a 3DS and there's no halo around the notification lights.


Question: why digital numbers appear to move around when I’m eating or brushing my teeth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why digital numbers appear to move around when I’m eating or brushing my teeth?

Digital clocks often use [7-segment]( URL_0 ) displays with illuminated LED lights making up the segments. To reduce the total number of digital pins needed on the clock's microcontroller, the clock's digits are rapidly illuminated one at a time. Referred to as "multiplexing" the display digits. The blinking digits are so rapid, our eyes will generally perceive all of the digits as being illuminated without flicker. Buuuuuuut, in dim light, if our eyes ever quickly change where they're looking, we'll see persistent traces of the blinking multiplexed digits spread across our field of view. Automotive engineers botched a related issue in a big way, when LED tail lights first went mainstream back in the past couple decades. If you're ever behind those vehicles at night, your whole field of view is filled with persistent images of the rapidly blinking LED tail lights.


Question: Why do we consume Sodium Chloride and not any other salts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we consume Sodium Chloride and not any other salts?

We do consume a few other types of salt, just not as much as sodium chloride. If you look at the container of salt in your kitchen, it probably says that it's "iodized salt", meaning it contains a small amount of sodium iodide or potassium iodide in addition to the sodium chloride. A lot of packaged foods also have potassium chloride, although people don't usually keep that in the kitchen. As for why? Sodium chloride tastes salty, is non-toxic, and is widely available. Many other salts lack in one or more of those three areas.


Question: Why did we start using paper as currency instead of gold or other materials?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did we start using paper as currency instead of gold or other materials?

Carrying around paper that *represents* the gold was easier and safer. And, eventually, people realized that you don't actually NEED the gold if the entity issuing the paper is good for the value of it.


Question: why when making a volcano does the “old” vinegar not react with baking soda again?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why when making a volcano does the “old” vinegar not react with baking soda again?

Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) plus vinegar (acetic acid) yields carbon dioxide plus water plus sodium ion plus acetate ion. Once all the acetic acid has been converted with baking soda, adding new baking soda does not cause a reaction.


Question: I’ve seen large sums of money put in terms of how many times it could solve the world hunger crisis. For example, the defense budget is blank amount which could solve world hunger 5 times over. How do they actually come up with this price? Is there really a permanent way to solve world hunger?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I’ve seen large sums of money put in terms of how many times it could solve the world hunger crisis. For example, the defense budget is blank amount which could solve world hunger 5 times over. How do they actually come up with this price? Is there really a permanent way to solve world hunger?

World hunger is not a problem of food production or even food distribution. It is a problem of politics. When you hear about a famine or other food shortage in the modern era, it is almost guaranteed that it is the direct result of political action taken against those starving. In essence, starvation is a *strategy* for eliminating your political opposition. That's why all those charitable attempts to feed people tend to fall flat. The local government requires bribes to even put on a show of getting food to people - and then proceeds to let just enough trickle through to keep the bribes coming while not letting enough through to actually keep people from starving. Indeed, many 'feed the poor' programs in the Third World actually make the problem worse. The starving people who were merely being killed to serve political ends become a revenue stream for the corrupt government trying to kill them, solidifying the power of that government. As strange it might sound, when you see large numbers of people starving in a Third World autocracy, you shouldn't send them food. You should send them guns.


Question: How are wildlife video's shot that too in ultra high HD? How does a cameraman or a drone get close to animals without startling them. How do they film an exact moment of an event happening like a mating dance or a fight between animals

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are wildlife video's shot that too in ultra high HD? How does a cameraman or a drone get close to animals without startling them. How do they film an exact moment of an event happening like a mating dance or a fight between animals

Firstly: It takes *months*. Secondly: Unless the camera man is following a particular pack, most documentaries with cut together footage of different animals and "tell the story" of one very interesting one.


Question: Why did they change the english name of Agnum to Silver?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did they change the english name of Agnum to Silver?

Ag stands for argentum which is Latin. The word "silver" appears in Old English in various spellings, such as seolfor and siolfor. It is cognate with Old High German silabar; Gothic silubr; or Old Norse silfr, all ultimately deriving from Proto-Germanic *silubra I believe agnum means lambs


Question: How does a company benefit from offering tuition reimbursement?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a company benefit from offering tuition reimbursement?

In theory, it provides them with more educated, qualified employees. In practice, it's a benefit that has more value to employees than the cost to the company. Educational benefits tend to be highly valued by potential (or current) employees because they imagine themselves using them to further their education. However, very few employees actually end up using them, so the company rarely has to shell out much.


Question: Why does the pitch of voices go up or down when you speed up or slow down a video?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the pitch of voices go up or down when you speed up or slow down a video?

Pitch is based on the frequency of sound waves, or how often those waves hit your ear. When you speed up a video, the waves come faster; likewise, when you slow it down, they come slower. This has the same effect as a higher or lower pitch


Question: why do women’s periods sync? Is there a real reason that it happens or is it just random?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do women’s periods sync? Is there a real reason that it happens or is it just random?

This doesn't actually happen. URL_0 I figure, since women have periods around 5 days out of each month, if there are multiple women in one household or a friend group it won't be uncommon that they'll often overlap. Then it probably just becomes a case of confirmation bias.


Question: Does the body absorb all calories while binge eating?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does the body absorb all calories while binge eating?

Edit/disclaimer: it looks like I mucked up whatever I thought I learned from a dietitian. So don't take any of the below seriously. Short point is yes all calories are mostly metabolized. The end. I asked a registered dietitian this same exact question two weeks ago. She gave a lengthy answer that I'll try to summarize here: Yes your body will metabolize all of those calories, it takes 48 hours for a full start to finish digestive cycle so what you eat today will be in your system until 3 days from now. That's plenty of time for your body to fully digest and store those calories. She said that's not what you have to worry about though because it can actually be very dangerous to binge that many calories. She listed several side effects that I honestly can't remember exactly. Something like bowel obstruction, over taxing the liver, insurmountable amounts of insulin that cant be utilized, undigested food that putrifies and essentially poisons your organs... She used a few diagnostic words as well which I simply can't recall. But all in all she scared the idea of binging a box of ice cream sandwiches out of me. Edit: You don't happen to have $80k worth of Nutella you're considering binging do you?


Question: If clouds are made up of water, why don’t the airplane windows gets wet when flying through them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If clouds are made up of water, why don’t the airplane windows gets wet when flying through them?

They do, but the plane is going so fast that the air doesn't condense on the windows on the side. On the windshield there are often streaks of water briefly. Planes use weather radar to avoid clouds that have larger water dropleta because these are turbulent to fly through.


Question: Why did thatched roofs not rot and collapse from the rain and damp? Or if they did rot, how frequently were they replaced?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did thatched roofs not rot and collapse from the rain and damp? Or if they did rot, how frequently were they replaced?

They did rot, but because of how they are layered on the roof, it sheds water pretty efficiently (that's how they didn't rot quickly, water shedding ability and tight layering protecting lower layers) and a well thatched roof in modern times can last 50 years before it's beyond use. Historically, at least in parts of England, a new layer of thatch was added to the aging/weathered layer and some houses have been found to have seven feet of thatch on them with the oldest layers being 500 years old.


Question: Why is the human eye unable to slowly move between two focal points? And why can they smoothly track an object when the observer or the object is moving? (Like staring at a lightpost while in a car, or waving your hand)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the human eye unable to slowly move between two focal points? And why can they smoothly track an object when the observer or the object is moving? (Like staring at a lightpost while in a car, or waving your hand)

It's not that our eyes are unable to slowly track (we can do so voluntarily, it just takes more brainpower), it's just more efficient to jump from one interesting thing (visual stimuli) to the next instead of worrying about the "boring" stuff in between. The part of our eye that senses very high resolution images (the fovea) can only sense in a very narrow field of vision, so by rapidly moving our eyes from point to point, the brain can scan the most important parts of our vision field and fill in the rest. We call these quick jumps saccades. It's like connecting the dots to make an image of an apple and halfway through connecting said dots, your brain figures out it's an apple - vs - tracing the exact outline of an apple which would take longer. & #x200B; On the flip side, if there's something you consciously or unconsciously deem important to focus on, your brain has mechanisms to fix your vision on said thing to take in more information.


Question: What happens to the electrons in a circuit when they come across a built in resistance part?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What happens to the electrons in a circuit when they come across a built in resistance part?

Correct! There would be a lower current, however, it’s not lower only at the resistor, it’ll be lower throughout the entire branch of the circuit that has the resistor within it


Question: How do we know that unsolved math problems have an answer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know that unsolved math problems have an answer?

For a math problem, there may be both constructive and non-constructive proofs. A constructive proof proves that there is an answer, **and** the answer is given by the proof. A non-constructive proof is not as good, perhaps, but it simply proves that there is no answer, or it proves that there is an answer but not what that answer actually is. For example, Euclid's Theorem has a non-constructive proof that there is no "largest prime number". The problem "What's the largest prime number?" is now proven to have no possible solution.


Question: What is the difference between absolute advantage and comparative advantage?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between absolute advantage and comparative advantage?

Let's say we have two companies: A and B. Absolute advantage describes which of the two can produce *more* products using the same number of resources. So, let's say A can produce 5 phones an hour, while B can produce 8. B has an absolute advantage over A, because it can create 3 more phones every hour. Comparative advantage factors in the opportunity cost as well. If we imagine A can either produce 5 phones, or 8 computers but not both, which is more beneficial to make? If A would make more money making computers than phones considering the current market, then computers have a comparative advantage over phones as far as A is concerned.


Question: What is that horrible clear juice that comes out if you don't shake up a ketchup bottle, and why does shaking fix it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is that horrible clear juice that comes out if you don't shake up a ketchup bottle, and why does shaking fix it?

It is water. The technical word for this is called syneresis. It is due to the poor emulsification of the tomato paste and water in ketchup that leads to natural separation. Luckly it mixes easily with a quick shake.


Question: How would we calculate where to go for space travel?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How would we calculate where to go for space travel?

We have enough historical data on how most stars have changed position over the years to have a good understanding of their relative velocities and directions compared to our solar system. With that we can project their positions fairly well into the near future. Presumably any ship we send out will also be capable of mid-course corrections, so we don't need to know the future position exactly dead-on-the-money, but tweak it as necessary during the cruise phase as we make better observations and calculations.


Question: What causes the duration of thunder to vary? Why does some thunder only last for a couple seconds while another rumble may last for 10-15 seconds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes the duration of thunder to vary? Why does some thunder only last for a couple seconds while another rumble may last for 10-15 seconds?

It depends what it went between. The duration of the thunder is based off the difference between your distance to the closest and farthest point of the lightning bolt A lightning bolt a few kilometers away between a cloud 400 meters up and the ground will produce a thunderclap that all reaches you at pretty much the same time. A lightning bolt that occurs between two clouds 3.4 kilometers apart will reach you over the course of up to 10 seconds depending on positioning.


Question: Who benefits from FHA mortgage insurance rate cuts and who benefits from suspending the rate cuts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Who benefits from FHA mortgage insurance rate cuts and who benefits from suspending the rate cuts?

If you have a mortgage and the insurance costs $20 a month, cutting the insurance cost to $18 is "good". The program was cutting rates because actual losses could be covered at a lower rate. Not cutting rates causes the government to make money, which might reduce the public debt. If you're a first-time home buyer and you decide not to buy a house because the cost of mortgage insurance is too high - you can't afford the house. It's not a huge sum of money.