Question: why is it that when a magnet is placed on a steel part and left alone, rust accumulates more at the location of the magnet instead of all around the part?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is it that when a magnet is placed on a steel part and left alone, rust accumulates more at the location of the magnet instead of all around the part?

This depends on what the magnet is made of, but it could be that there is a chemical reaction going on between the magnet and the steel. Specifically, when two metals are in electrical contact with each other, one metal can take on the rust of the other metal. This is sometimes done intentionally, such as boats that have a 'sacrificial anode' to protect the main part of the hull from rusting.


Question: . Why is there such a difference in the sound of our voice that we hear when we speak aloud compared to hearing a recording back of our voices?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 . Why is there such a difference in the sound of our voice that we hear when we speak aloud compared to hearing a recording back of our voices?

The voice we hear is mainly vibrations conducted through our jaw bone into the ear rather than via the air. Due to this we hear a different mix of the frequency from our voice with the lower frequency vibrations being conducted easier... Think about the noise you hear from a party next door, it's the low bass noise you hear not the high pitch noises through a wall ie the lower frequencies... If the same thing with your voice So when you hear a recording it is what everyone else hears but it's different to you because you don't normally hear only via the air.


Question: Why do some cancers have a hereditary component, and others do not?

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<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some cancers have a hereditary component, and others do not?

Cancer happens when various genes relating to properly growing are mutated. It doesn't just take one mutation, though, it takes several different mutations in order to make a cell go from normal to cancerous, because there's a lot of redundancy and back-up genes. Cancers that have a hereditary component come from an inherit-able mutation that already deactivates or alters a gene related to proper cell growth. Non-hereditary components come from spontaneous brand new mutations appearing in people, not mutations they started out with from their parents.


Question: Why do songs randomly come into our mind?

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<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do songs randomly come into our mind?

I can't do this one ELI5 justice, but there's a really good book called "the ape that spoke" that unpacks how brains work and how memories form - really good read. It's like a brief history of time but for brains. Trying to remember the book - you will have formed a memory when you heard that song, and it was linked to other memories by context, and something you sensed got close enough to that network of memories and associations to recall it. It might have been visual, olfactory, too. Not necessarily auditory.


Question: - Why do dishes get washed so much better with really hot water?

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<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why do dishes get washed so much better with really hot water?

hot water helps loosen grease or sticky substances by melting them, making them easier to brush or rinse away. It is not so much a factor in sanitization, you'll "clean" just as well with cool or warm water, but removing grease, oils, and fats is aided significantly by melting them and breaking them down with hot water.


Question: How does chlorine clean pools?

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<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does chlorine clean pools?

Technically speaking it doesn't clean the pools, it just kills all living things in it. Chlorine is highly toxic - it causes a chemical reaction which breaks down cell walls which kills microorganisms in the pool. It does affect us as well, but it's only used in small enough quantities to the effect is limited.


Question: Does genetic engineering work on living animals?

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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does genetic engineering work on living animals?

It's possible and it's been done, though it's usually called "gene therapy" in this case. The best example that comes to mind is a study where colorblind monkeys were provided with a gene allowing them to see color properly. Because you have to add a gene to lots of cells rather than just one that divides, the genes usually have to be added via a virus that infects the cell and splices in the gene.


Question: How come ICBMs can’t be shot down? Are they undetectable or are they just going to fast?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come ICBMs can’t be shot down? Are they undetectable or are they just going to fast?

They can be shot down... sometimes. Test under ideal conditions are ok-ish at shooting down ICBMs but it's never been done during an actually attack so we don't really know how effective missile interception would be when it mattered. Missiles are small and moving very fast. Intercepting a missile is like trying to shoot a bullet out of the air with another bullet.


Question: Why do CGI humans still look unnatural?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do CGI humans still look unnatural?

It's because we're social animals, trained to pick up on subtle emotional queues in facial movements. Faces are the first things in this world that most of us recognize. And it's mostly subconscious. We've been doing it that long. CGI still fails most of the time to get those motions perfect. Maybe the range of motion is dead on, but the skin doesn't stretch and wrinkle like a real face. Or maybe the skin doesn't have enough texture, or light penetrates the skin a little too deep (or not deep enough), or a myriad of other little things. The point is, this part of the brain that is tuned to watch for these things is seeing all this face stuff and the math isn't adding up. Something is still *off*.


Question: Why can’t some animals be domesticated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can’t some animals be domesticated?

Your friends, Carl, Paul, and Doug in your kindergarten class are all different kinds of boys. Carl is a very aggressive angry boy who bites, Paul is a nervous wreck who gets very uneasy around people who aren’t in his immediate family, but Doug is super easy going and easy to keep happy with a few snacks every now and then. Although nature is much much more complicated than this, the same can be said about what animals were and are domesticated now (Doug), when compared to the animals that are not and never will be (Carl and Paul). There are outlier situations that exist that are uncommon (take lions or zebras) but that is by far not the normal case. Deer or elk are very elegant creatures, but they too are a nervous wreck. In some cases these animals would rather risk a broken leg over a fence than stay around a loud machine. However, cows, seem to meet the simple criteria to breed and live stably for longer periods that meet various needs for many items to maintain when domesticating anything. Again, very many variables and facts to play around with here, but the first ELI5 paragraph I gave is the simple summation.


Question: How can Fibinacci do stuff like this?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can Fibinacci do stuff like this?

It has nothing to do with Fibonacci, and there is no missing piece. This is actually a trick. The image is not a triangle! The hypotenuse of the overall triangle is actually slightly concave (bows inward) in the top image, and convex (bows outward) in the bottom image, and that accounts for the apparent extra space. You can easily see this if you look at the slopes (measured as "rise over run") of the red and green triangles. The red triangle rises 3 units over a run of 7 units. So it has a slope of 3/7 = 0.428571429 The green triangle has a rise of 2 units over a run of 5 units, for a slope of 2/5 = 0.4. So the red and green triangles have different slopes, and thus do not form a straight line when joined together!


Question: Why can’t more money be printed to solve debt problems?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can’t more money be printed to solve debt problems?

This typically causes massive devaluation of currency when it happens. The total output of an economy is basically the same no matter how much paper money there is. If you just add more paper money without adding more value, the money just becomes worth less. Think of it as a pie, the more pieces you cut it into, the less each piece is "worth". Since the things we buy typically have some kind of value, the price will increase to match the devaluation of the currency. However, employers won't really pay people more to catch up, so the average person will be able to afford much less. TLDR, massive inflation


Question: Why does the secret service always have sunglasses on?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the secret service always have sunglasses on?

Partly because it makes them hard to read. You don't know if they are looking at you or not, so don't know if you can be sneaky. Also, it makes them look tough and intimidating, which is their job!


Question: Is there a limit to how much information to how much information can be stored in the human brain?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there a limit to how much information to how much information can be stored in the human brain?

You can't really rate the storage of the human brain in these terms because all of your memories are stored with a form of lossy compression. As a result, there is no theoretical maximum amount of information you can store - as long as you have a sufficient tolerance for inaccuracy. Moreover, your memory is associative by nature. What this means in practice is that you're likely very, very good at remembering certain things but terrible at remembering others. Think of the kid who can tell you what every single Pokemon does - but can't remember who the 9th President of the U.S. is. The amount of information contained within the data set of 'every Pokemon' is far greater than the amount of information contained within the data set of 'Presidents of the United States' - but there's a lot of associations you can draw between various Pokemon that permit you to compress that data set to extreme levels.


Question: Why do vacuum insulated containers insulate cold beverages longer than hot beverages?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do vacuum insulated containers insulate cold beverages longer than hot beverages?

They don't. It's a difference in your perception of what constitutes "hot" and "cold", and the way thermal transfer works. Room temperature is ~70F; a hot beverage might be ~170F. A 100F difference. A cold beverage isn't going to be any colder than ~32F, about a 40F difference. So you need to heat your beverage up a lot for you to think of it as truly hot...much more so than making a beverage cold. Then there's heat transfer. Heat transfer happens the fastest when the temperature difference is the greatest. So your "hot" beverage initially loses heat faster than your "cold" beverage gains it. So there are two factors working against the hot beverage. It cools faster due to the greater temperature difference, and you don't think of it as "hot" when it cools down just a bit. If you were to take 2 beverages and cool one 20 degrees below room temperature and heat another 20 degrees above room temperature, you'd find that they both approach room temp at the same rate. EDIT: Note that to do this correctly, I should have represented all temperatures in Kelvin. The conclusions are still correct, but the numbers are not quite right as I wrote it.


Question: How are some infinities bigger than others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are some infinities bigger than others?

The thing about math is, in some ways, it's like a game. The rules are whatever we say they are. Math is a human invention so all of its rules and definitions are whatever humans have come up with. So we have decided that, in math, we can have things called sets. Sets are just like collections of things. And sets can have sizes, which we define by the number of things in that set. But what about the size of sets that have an endless amount of things? Like the set of all natural numbers? Or the set of all real numbers? Well, in this case we have decided that to sets with an endless amount of things are the same size if you can create a rule that maps every single object in each of the sets on a 1-to-1 basis without missing any in either set. For example, take the natural numbers {0, 1, 2, 3....} Then take the even numbers {0, 2, 4, 6...} Clearly there are "more" natural numbers than even numbers, right? Because the natural numbers *include* the even numbers, plus more! Wrong. Given our rule, they are the same size because we can map them 1-to-1. Take any natural number, multiply it by 2 and you get a unique even number. Taken any even number, divide it by 2 and you get a unique natural number. 1-to-1 mapping. They are the **same size.** So we began to wonder if all sets with an endless amount of objects were the same size. Back in the day, a dude named Cantor came up with a rather elegant argument that showed that the set of real numbers is actually bigger than the set of natural numbers. He created a proof that showed that, no matter what rule you created to map the natural numbers to the real numbers, that there would exist real numbers not accounted for in that mapping. That there would always be and endless amount of real numbers left over. For that reason, we consider the set of real numbers as being "larger" than the set of natural numbers. Notice that, at no point have I used the word infinity. Unfortunately, "endless" *means* "infinite" and both of those sets we were talking about (natural and real numbers) are endless, so they are both infinite, yet according to our rules of math, the latter is larger than the former. Hence, "some infinities are bigger than others."


Question: What causes humans to get feelings of emotion around the abdomen area? I.E. anxiety, happiness, and sadness.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes humans to get feelings of emotion around the abdomen area? I.E. anxiety, happiness, and sadness.

When people are stressed, they experience something called the "fight-or-flight" response. Signals travel from the thinking part of your brain to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which are in your brain and responsible for controlling many bodily functions. The pituitary gland instantly signals the adrenal glands, which sit on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands release adrenaline and other chemicals into your blood stream. Adrenaline causes rapid heart rate, increased blood pressure and improved circulation in your muscles. At the same time that blood is flowing to your lungs and muscles, less of it is reaching other organs including your stomach. This and other hormonal changes may cause the sensation in the stomach.


Question: Why does starchy food stick so hard onto kitchenware?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does starchy food stick so hard onto kitchenware?

Starch is used as poster glue. The gluten in wheat additionally makes the strands of starch molecules link together to make a tough solid.


Question: Can you please explain the Kolmogorov complexity in relation to the dust theory?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
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<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can you please explain the Kolmogorov complexity in relation to the dust theory?

Kolmogorov complexity is a very general but technically precise way of asking how complex something is. For example, the string of letters "abababababababababababababababab" seems intuitively to be a lot less complex than the string "4c1j5b2p0cv4w1x8rx2y39umgw5q85s7" even though they're the same length. To make this precise, we ask how short a computer program we can use to generate the object in question. So the shortest program for the first string might be something like "print 'ab' 16 times" while the second program probably won't be much shorter than "print '4c1j5b2p0cv4w1x8rx2y39umgw5q85s7'", though there might be a clever shortcut that lets us reduce this by a few characters. By comparing the lengths of the programs, we now have a way of measuring how complex the strings are compared to each other. In order to be fully precise, we do have to specify the exact programming language we're using, but it usually won't make that big of a difference. A much larger problem is that in general the Kolmogorov complexity is itself uncomputable: there is no algorithm which can calculate it for an arbitrary input. It's more of an idealized mathematical concept than something which can be easily used in practice. This doesn't really have much directly to do with dust theory, which is a purely philosophical concept. The idea there is that starting conditions of the universe and its evolution over time seem very much like the computation of successive states of a mathematical object - moreover, a rather arbitrary mathematical object. So the theory goes that there's no reason to assume this one universe is the only one, and that it would make more sense to conceive of all possible internally-consistent and computable universes as being just as "real" in a philosophical sense as our own. Of course there is no way for these universes to interact with each other, since they are separate mathematical objects. This is a somewhat fringe theory, and it's worth noting that the guy who came up with it is not himself convinced of its validity - it was more just an interesting idea he thought of and wasn't sure of a purely logical argument against. Outside of a small community here on Reddit I'm not sure if anyone takes it seriously.


Question: How does sugar influence alcohol drinks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does sugar influence alcohol drinks?

Sugary drinks are easy to drink and it is easy to drink quickly. Not many people would enjoy 40% pure alcohol shots taken very quickly - it burns while being fairly tasteless. Add enough sugar and flavoring and this makes the drinks a lot more tolerable. It isn't that sugar increases the effect of alcohol but rather sugar disguises the taste and makes it more likely for overconsumption.


Question: How do they re-release full HD movies of older movies like 1985's Back to the Future, that are crystal clear?

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 How do they re-release full HD movies of older movies like 1985's Back to the Future, that are crystal clear?

Older movies were shot on film. Film doesn't have a "resolution" in the same sense as digitally shot movies, because it isn't stored as pixels. Film is just layers of chemicals on a sheet of celluloid (or nowadays some other plastic), and those chemicals change colour when exposed to light. That means a physical image of each frame is stored when the movie is shot. When they digitise an old movie in HD they just take a higher resolution digital scan of the image from each frame of film. The quality of the physical image stored on film is so high that you still see an improvement in image when scanning up to 4K/8K resolutions, possibly even higher. Edit: removed "filmed on film". It's hard to talk about film without using the word film to mean "cinema" or "shoot" or "movie" because that word can mean basically anything. Edit 2: To address the most common misconception I'm getting in replies to this comment: no, modern HD/4K etc scans and remasters aren't "higher resolution than the originals", they are just higher resolution than the old, low res digitised versions. So your 4K Star Wars remaster isn't going to be higher resolution than the original film version shown in cinemas, but it *will* be higher resolution (and closer to the original in terms of resolution) than the old DVD version you have from back in 2004. Often the HD remastering also involves other elements like removing defects in the film, sharpening images, correcting colour, and updating VFX to suit the new resolution, which may qualify as "improvements" depending on how they're done and what you think of them.


Question: How do actors get paid in movies?

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 How do actors get paid in movies?

It depends on what they agree to be paid. Generally speaking, actors are paid a certain amount from the movie's budget to be in the movie. Actors can also get royalties from ticket sales, merchandise, DVD releases, and so on. If their face is being plastered all over the posters and products related to the movie, you can bet they'll want a piece of the profits.


Question: Where does money originate from? I get paid from my company who gets paid from its customers who get paid from their customers...

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 Where does money originate from? I get paid from my company who gets paid from its customers who get paid from their customers...

It depends on the country, but money is created by the government or central banks. After it is created it does what you just described, it circulates (passes from one person to the next). You can think of money as the blood of the economy. It needs to circulate to keep the economy alive. GDP is essentially a measure of how much money is circulating. When money was principally bills and coins, they would get worn out and replaced by the government or central banks. Now that money is principally digital, it can circulate indefinitely.


Question: What was the "dot com bubble" exactly? And why is Amazon and others praised for surviving it?

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 What was the "dot com bubble" exactly? And why is Amazon and others praised for surviving it?

It was the end of the 1990s, early 2000s. Everything related to the internet was hot, new, and exciting. Everyone wanted a piece of this new promised land, it was a gold rush. Completely moronic ideas were drenched in cash from venture capitalists. A site whose whole business idea was selling pet food in the internet was valued in the billions. Then reality set in. Investors started to realise the limitations of the technology. The days of fast cash were over, and a lot of companies that were riding high one day bit the dust the next.


Question: How do websites which ask for the X, Y and Zth letter of my password avoid storing it in plain text?

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 How do websites which ask for the X, Y and Zth letter of my password avoid storing it in plain text?

There’s no guarantee that they aren’t. They very well might be. It only takes one lazy programmer or someone on an “off” day to set to store in plain text.


Question: Why does human genitalia varies so drastically, but animal genitalia is virtually the same within their own species?

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 Why does human genitalia varies so drastically, but animal genitalia is virtually the same within their own species?

We are conditioned to notice the difference in human genitalia, but not animal genitalia. A duck would probably say that all human genitalia look the same, whereas duck genitalia are very diverse.


Question: How do backcountry skiers and snowboarders know how fast to go when jumping off cliffs, etc. so that they clear any obstacles and avoid injury, especially if no one has ever skied there before?

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 How do backcountry skiers and snowboarders know how fast to go when jumping off cliffs, etc. so that they clear any obstacles and avoid injury, especially if no one has ever skied there before?

Typically, backcountry skiers will scout their run on their way to the top of the line they intend to take. This way, they get a feel for possible obstacles and the rough distance of gaps they must clear. As far as knowing how fast they have to be going, it's a matter of practice and muscle memory. Parkour enthusiasts know how fast they have to be running to clear a certain gap because they've slowly worked up to more and more difficult jumps. The same applies to skiers. They've spent years skiing harder and harder runs and developing the muscle memory needed to know how fast they should go to clear progressively larger obstacles.


Question: Why does scratching metal gives chills?

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 Why does scratching metal gives chills?

I think it's not known. [This paper]( URL_0 ) analyzed the spectrum of a fingernails-on-blackboard screech. Here's the conclusion: > Our results demonstrate that the unpleasant quality associated with the sound of a solid object scraped across a chalkboard is signaled by acoustic energy in the middle range of frequencies audible to humans. High frequencies, contrary to intuition, are neither necessary nor sufficient to elicit this unpleasant sensation. Still unanswered, however, is the question of *why* this and related sounds are so grating to the ear. The automatic, almost visceral reaction to this sound makes us wonder whether it mimics some naturally occurring, innately aversive event. For example, the complex acoustic stimulus pictured in Figure I very closely resembles some of the spectrograms of warning cries emitted by macaque monkeys (Green, 1975). As another possibility, the signal may be similar to the vocalizations of some predator. Regardless of this auditory event's original functional significance, the human brain obviously still registers a strong vestigial response to this chilling sound. This paper is from 1986 so it's possible that something more has been figured out since then.


Question: Why is it that I will have to urgently go pee not more than 5 minutes after going to the bathroom? It feels like I completely empty my bladder the first time.

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 Why is it that I will have to urgently go pee not more than 5 minutes after going to the bathroom? It feels like I completely empty my bladder the first time.

You probably have actually emptied your bladder. The human body has an amazing capacity to produce urine at different rates. It isn't a constant thing. Sometimes it might be a trickle, at others something you ate or drank could cause your body to decide it needs to get rid of excess water or salt - and BOOM your bladder fills very quickly. I'm an endurance athlete (Ironman distance triathlete) and we spend a lot of time trying to "optimize" our fluid and electrolyte intake so we pee about once per hour during competition. It seems that the generally accepted dogma is you're properly hydrated when you pee every hour during racing. It is really difficult because of factors such as humidity, temp, and effort are tough to add in the equation.


Question: What is MTHFR gene mutation?

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 What is MTHFR gene mutation?

The MTHFR gene has the instructions for the body to build an enzyme with a really long name. An enzyme is a protein that helps the body perform chemical reactions. This particular enzyme helps make methionine, one of the building blocks of proteins, and helps the body to use vitamin B9 (also known as folic acid). A genetic mutation is when the gene's instructions are different from that of the regular version of the gene. In other words, the instructions are misspelled. Mutated genes often cause the body to make less effective versions of the corresponding protein. In MTHFR's case, this means that the body produces enzymes that aren't great at making methionine and utilizing vitamin B9. There are multiple medical problems that can result from MTHFR mutations, including increased risk of blood clots and birth defects of the nervous system.


Question: Why does meat to stick to cooking surfaces?

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 Why does meat to stick to cooking surfaces?

Anything that goes from being viscous to being rigid will act like glue, because it'll first conform to whatever surface it's touching, getting into all the nooks and crannies. Once it hardens, it'll grab on to said nooks and crannies, and be more or less difficult to remove.


Question: How can you get pregnant while menstruating?

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 How can you get pregnant while menstruating?

Sperm are not a fluid, they are little swimming single-cell creatures. Since they can swim, they can navigate into a little crease in the uterine lining and wait for more favorable conditions.


Question: Why is H2O2 called Hydrogen Peroxide rather than Dihydrogen dioxide?

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 Why is H2O2 called Hydrogen Peroxide rather than Dihydrogen dioxide?

It's got a specific structure (H-O-O-H), making it a "peroxide". It's not wrong to call it dihydrogen dioxide, it's just a little more cumbersome and less specific about the structure of the atoms in the bond.


Question: Why do towels absorb water?

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 Why do towels absorb water?

Water likes to stick to some things more than others. The amount of water that sticks to something is determined mainly by three factors: How much it wants to stick to that thing, the amount of surface area of that thing, and the amount that water wants to stick to the other thing (in the case of a beach towel, the other thing is you). Water is rather attracted to most things, including towel fibers. Towels have a lot of surface area due to their shaggy and fibrous nature, leading to them being able to attract and hold a lot of water.


Question: How can you bomb chemical facilities, like the US/UK/France have done, without all the chemicals released affecting the area?

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 How can you bomb chemical facilities, like the US/UK/France have done, without all the chemicals released affecting the area?

With few exceptions, chemical nerve agents are very volatile, and break down quickly. For this reason, and because they are *extremely* hazardous, nerve agents are stored as benign precusor agents. These are mixed together just prior to use to create the nerve agent itself. When chemical weapons facilities are destroyed, only the precusor chemicals are released. While some incidental mixing may occur if agent precursors are stored together, it generally creates negligible volumes of active agent. Other chemical agents, such as blister, blood, and lung agents, are stored in their active state, and can be released during an attack. But because military infrastructure is usually remote, and because chemical agents affect a small geographic area, the effects of such an event would be limited.


Question: Gnats. Why do they buzz around and annoy me without biting? What is their purpose?

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 Gnats. Why do they buzz around and annoy me without biting? What is their purpose?

> What is their purpose? That is the wrong question to ask about biological creatures. In order for something to have a purpose there must have been an intent behind it, and an intent requires an intelligence. There was no intelligence or intent behind the origin of animals and there is therefore no purpose. They exist simply because they can. As for what they are doing it depends on the specific species of insect, but most of the time the gnat bothering you is just trying to reproduce. It is bumping into you at the gnat singles bar, looking for someone to take home and make ~700 babies with and you being annoyed doesn't really matter because it will be dead within the week anyway.


Question: What are essential oils, why do people rave about them, why are they looked down upon?

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 What are essential oils, why do people rave about them, why are they looked down upon?

“Essential” doesn’t mean “necessary”, it’s supposed to mean “Essence”. Essential oils are distilled plant oils (therefore Essence). Popular essential oils include lavender, clove, juniper etc. They are claimed to have a medical/healing effect, which is partially true of some oils, like how Agathosma has a minor diuretic effect. However no oil or mixture of oils has magical healing properties such as curing cancer, and the medical benefits (if any) of such oils is very weak. They are looked down upon because they are often sold with miraculous claims (like treating cancer, Alzheimer, liver/kidney problems or some other bs). It’s like trying to say a single AAA battery can power the space shuttle. Yes it might be true that the battery has some minor use on the space shuttle, but in no way is it going to complete the job required.


Question: Why does our language nowadays seem so much more informal?

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 Why does our language nowadays seem so much more informal?

Language has actually always had both a formal and informal element. But historically it was only the "rich" who could actually afford a good enough education to learn how to read and write - peasants / the working class didn't have the time or desire to extend their education that far. Some cultures actually took it one step further and actively prevented the lower classes from learning how to read and write. & #x200B; Paper, etc required to write things down also used to be both rare and expensive meaning that it took extra effort to actually record something in writing. Especially before the invention of the printing press. & #x200B; This has created a bias in recorded history meaning that what was written down was mainly only ever the formal version and informal language was only ever passed down by mouth. & #x200B; In the modern world though most people now have access to a basic enough education to know how to read and write and it's very easy to keep a record of stuff so everything can be written down. Informal language is easier to use so is more popular meaning that just by weight of numbers there's more informal language being used and recorded than formal style writing.


Question: What is the Bayes Theorem and why is it useful?

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 What is the Bayes Theorem and why is it useful?

It's about correlation, and reverse correlation. Suppose you notice that 90% of people wearing hats are men. Is it therefore reasonable to assume that 90% of men wear hats? Well of course not - that example seems obvious, but there are lots of examples that aren't that clear. Let's say that 90% of cancer patients got a positive result in some blood test. If you take the test and get a positive result, does that mean there's a 90% chance you have cancer? Let's say that 90% of terrorist acts are committed by people from a certain country. If you see someone from that country, is there a 90% chance they're a terrorist? You can't just reverse the probability like that - it's flat-out incorrect. In maths terms, you write P(A|B) for the probability that A, given that B is true. From my first example, we can say that P(is-man|wearing-hat) = 90%, or 0.9 Now we want to flip that around and get P(wearing-hat|is-man). You can do this, but you need two more bits of information: the probability that *anybody, regardless of gender* is wearing a hat, and the probability that *anybody, regardless of hat-wearing*, is a man. Let's say that hat-wearers are 1% of the population, and men are 50% of the population. Now we have enough information to work with. * P(A) = P(is-man) = 0.5 * P(B) = P(wears-hat) = 0.01 * P(A|B) = P(is-man|wears-hat) = 0.9 Now, Bayes' theorem says that P(B|A) = ( P(A|B) * P(B) ) / P(A) * P(B|A) = (0.9 * 0.01) / (0.5) = 0.018 So there's a 1.8% chance that someone will be wearing a hat if they're a man. That's one hell of a long way from the 90% that a naive approach might suggest. Bayes' theorem is useful in all *kinds* of fields, but I've found it's super-good for yelling at racists with. If you want to know *why* Bayes' theorem works, take a look at URL_0


Question: Why is our blowing power so strong but sucking power weak, also same with leaf blowers and vacuum cleaners?

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 Why is our blowing power so strong but sucking power weak, also same with leaf blowers and vacuum cleaners?

Blowing basically means you have an area of high pressure that is attempting to equalize with the environment pressure. Sucking basically means you have an area of low pressure that is attempting to equalize with the environment pressure. Assume the environment pressure is 1 atmosphere. Assume negative pressures are impossible. Sucking can only give you a differential of 1 atmosphere... I.e. Vacuum versus the environment. Blowing has no limit since you can have pressures of 3, 5, 10 or even 110 atmospheres of pressure versus the environment.


Question: If Windows' constant ask to restart your computer after updates has generated into a meme, then why haven't Microsoft changed their approach to try to get the user to implement these updates?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If Windows' constant ask to restart your computer after updates has generated into a meme, then why haven't Microsoft changed their approach to try to get the user to implement these updates?

They understand but the other option is to let a lot of computers remain vulnerable. This was the problem that Windows had since the internet was a thing and partly how Windows earned its reputation as being woefully insecure compared to competitors like Linux and Mac. With Windows 10, they decided to take an aggressive approach to get updates down onto as many machines as possible to prevent Windows PCs from being infected en masse like in the past. The problem there is that you just, well, *have* to restart your computer after some updates because Windows can't write to certain files while it's running. This, too, is another security feature to prevent hijacking of system components which was a problem prior to Windows XP (and not really fixed that well then).


Question: Why does the taste of water change depending on its temperature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the taste of water change depending on its temperature?

The temperature of water has a direct correlation with its ability to dissolve minerals and carry gasses. The warmer water is, the greater its ability to have dissolved salts, either from deposits in your plumbing or more likely from your local water supply. Conversely cold water holds more dissolved gasses like oxygen, CO2 and Chlorine (for treatment). As the water warms up, it holds less gas (same as if you let a glass of water sit out for a while) - less dissolved oxygen makes it taste less "fresh" for example.


Question: Why does the jeans break always in the same manner, first the vertical fibers, then the horizontal?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the jeans break always in the same manner, first the vertical fibers, then the horizontal?

The vertical fibres are under more stress more often (eg - especially at the front bend of the knee) After the first vertical fibres fray and break, this adds more load onto the other ones, so they break more easily. And this finally exposes the horizontal threads. So they'll start breaking too, eventually.


Question: How is Nintendo Switch emulation already so smooth when systems like N64 and Saturn still have issues?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is Nintendo Switch emulation already so smooth when systems like N64 and Saturn still have issues?

The switch uses a pretty well documented SoC (Tegra X1), the operating system is FreeBSD based and borrows some components from Android, and the OS also shares code with the 3dS system software. So there are a lot of knowns to work with. The Saturn and n64, on the other hand, utilized custom chips and black magic.


Question: How do fuses stay lit underwater?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do fuses stay lit underwater?

Water isn't an inherent counter to fire, it's not like it magically stops fire working. Water makes it difficult for ongoing fires to obtain oxygen, which they need to keep burning. Many explosives however contain chemicals called oxidants, which act as an alternate source of oxygen. Waterproof fuses use these, meaning the fuse doesn't need to get oxygen from the environment and thus water doesn't prevent it burning.


Question: Why do cars feel like they perform better when they're clean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do cars feel like they perform better when they're clean?

It might be the subconscious psychological effect of less things rolling around and rattling inside, making the vehicle feel more confident.


Question: Difference between the SAT and ACT test?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Difference between the SAT and ACT test?

This won't be the most in depth answer but here we go! Sat has a slower pace than the ACT and harder questions, while the ACT is more fast paced with easier questions. The ACT has a "science" section that test your ability to read graphs quicky and make connections between data and the answers. The SAT has a math section that isn't multiple choice. You can't guess on this part. You either know the answer or you don't.


Question: Why does the electron remains in the orbit of the atom and doesn't fall into the positively charged nucleus?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the electron remains in the orbit of the atom and doesn't fall into the positively charged nucleus?

[ URL_0 ]( URL_1 ) Sometimes it does fall into, or get captured by, the nucleus. However, this is not governed by the electrical charge, but by another force called the weak force. Quantum mechanics says that orbiting electrons can only exist at specific energy levels, like how you can only stand on a ladder at specific heights. Anything in between doesn't work. The lowest energy orbit of the electron is where the electron will typically be. There's no way for it to orbit at a lower energy state, and the only way for it to jump down to the nucleus is to be captured by way of the weak force.


Question: What is a bar of soap, and how does it clean and kill germs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a bar of soap, and how does it clean and kill germs?

Basically, the soap molecules bind to oil and dirt on one end and binds to water on the other... allowing the water to rinse dirt and oil off easier.


Question: Why does glancing at bright lights temporarily scar our vision?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does glancing at bright lights temporarily scar our vision?

They're not dying, but they're being used up. Once a come cell in your eye detects color, it takes a little bit to recharge. This normally happens a lot more evenly over your eye, so you don't notice it. If you shine a bright light in one spot on your retina, you'll have a lot of used-up cells in one spot for longer


Question: how does hitting the bottom of a glass jar help open it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does hitting the bottom of a glass jar help open it?

By hitting the bottom of the jar you force the liquid to move up. As a result, the air inside the jar is pressurized and can leave the jar if the pressure build up is strong enough. This can loosen the jar lid enough to open it sometimes


Question: What does "Best before" mean? Is the product still consumable? If yes, when does it stop being consumable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does "Best before" mean? Is the product still consumable? If yes, when does it stop being consumable?

it just means that the manufacturer of the given product guarantees the quality of the product up to that date. it does not mean that the product will be surely bad, in any mean, it's just an indication.


Question: When a stock like BYND has a 600% IPO where exactly does that money go and how can the company use it? What happens when the stock crashes and the value is reversed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a stock like BYND has a 600% IPO where exactly does that money go and how can the company use it? What happens when the stock crashes and the value is reversed?

An IPO is an Initial Public Offering, meaning that this is the first time that shares are being offered to the public on the market. When people buy shares during an IPO, they are buying them from the company and the company is taking the money. They can do whatever they like with the money. That was the point of the IPO, to raise money. After the IPO, all of those shares are now going to be traded between investors, so the money will no longer be going to the company, just between whoever is buying and selling the shares on the market, unless the company releases and sells more shares itself.


Question: Why does water not help against spicy food?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does water not help against spicy food?

Spice is carried on an oil, which is hydrophobic. Most it will do is spread the heat around. Something with fat in it, like milk, has a better chance of washing away the spicy oil.


Question: when using alcohol beverages in soups and sauces why is the product not alcoholic?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when using alcohol beverages in soups and sauces why is the product not alcoholic?

For many recipies that i have seen, either or both apply 1.) Heat is applied to the mixture after the alcoholic beverage is added. Ethanol is more volatile than water, so some loss of ethanol is expected when heating such mixutes. 2.) The amount of ethanol added to the mixture is small enough compared to the volume of the mixture that the concentration in the finished product is nearly inconsequential.


Question: How do you explain the difference between sympathizing with someone and empathizing with someone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you explain the difference between sympathizing with someone and empathizing with someone?

Sympathy is the act of understanding someone else's emotions. Empathy is feeling those emotions yourself. For example, if a friend's parent recently passed away you might feel sympathy if you understand that they are sad. But, if you also had a parent pass away you can remember the same feelings you had at that time. So, you can empathize with the person because you feel (or have felt) the same way they do.


Question: What stops US Patent Office workers from stealing the ideas from submitted patents and copying them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What stops US Patent Office workers from stealing the ideas from submitted patents and copying them?

Their submission date would by necessity be *after* the original submission, and therefore not valid. The original submitter would have record of the date and easily win any legal challenge. I'd imagine there's also something in the job description about this (like how McDonald's employees can't win McDonald's contests), but I can't say that for certain.


Question: - How is there snow on the Himalayan mountains if the peak of the mountain goes above clouds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - How is there snow on the Himalayan mountains if the peak of the mountain goes above clouds?

The majority of clouds that produce your major rain/snow are much lower in the atmosphere yes. But clouds can go all the way up to 50 to 60 thousand feet, twice the height Everest, and all clouds are made of some sort of water/ice crystal. So even If you don’t get as major cloud systems depositing snow, there is still some. Tl/dr: Everest and the Himalayas don’t go above every cloud


Question: How does weight fluctuate over the day even if you haven't consumed anything/the volume of what you consumed/expelled should be at a deficit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does weight fluctuate over the day even if you haven't consumed anything/the volume of what you consumed/expelled should be at a deficit?

Likely because of an inaccurate scale or putting heavier clothes on. Obviously it’s not physically possible to gain weight from thin air.


Question: Why is water discolored when they’re working on the lines but not normally?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is water discolored when they’re working on the lines but not normally?

You can replicate this effect at home. Just pick a faucet that you don't need daily, and then don't use it for a few months. When you first run it, you'll have that same "rusty" water. There is always a certain amount of rust and sediments in the water lines. But your normally functioning water system is a relatively stable and smooth flowing system. When they open up those huge lines to flush out fire hydrants though, you disturb that system quite a bit. The huge increase in water flow stirs up that sediment that normally happily sets at the bottom of your line, filling the water system with rust and debris.


Question: How does the water level go down when you make instant noodles?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the water level go down when you make instant noodles?

The noodles were filled with tiny air pockets from being fried. The water filled in those air pockets. The frying is why you can quickly rehydrate the noodles because they absorb water so fast.


Question: How do you program the concept time into a software system?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you program the concept time into a software system?

There are crystals that when electricity is shot into them, they slightly expand and contract at a regular rate. This size difference can be measured.