Question: Whats the difference between OpenAI vs DeepMind?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Whats the difference between OpenAI vs DeepMind?

Deepmind is a company owned by Google (well, really Google's parent Alphabet Inc). OpenAI is a company owned by a non-profit corporation called OpenAI Inc. Like Ford and Toyota, they are companies producing products in the same space.


Question: Why is that sometimes when you click a link, it does not load at all and takes a very a long time but when you refresh it, it just loads instantly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is that sometimes when you click a link, it does not load at all and takes a very a long time but when you refresh it, it just loads instantly?

First time you connect to a website there is a lot of things happening behind the scenes. There are DNS lookups, service discovery, encryption negotiations, etc. But if you visit the site again then most of this information is cached. Your browser also caches a lot of the images and other content on the site so it does not have to retrieve them again. Most browsers have a "clear cache and refresh" option which discards the cached pages and makes the page load as if it is the first time you load it. In addition to this there is a lot of things that can effect the loading time. If a single packet is lost on the network it may be some time before it times out and the packet is assumed lost and therefore resent. This is especially true in the initialization phase which happens the first time you visit a website. The servers can also have a varying load on them, especially with modern cloud computing which is designed to scale very fast depending on load it is common to have the servers overloaded for a few seconds at a time. It may also be that the website have anti-spam measures that need to be initialized when you first visits a website but then is much faster the next time.


Question: why when someone gets crippled from the neck down (like falling and breaking his neck) his body twitches?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why when someone gets crippled from the neck down (like falling and breaking his neck) his body twitches?

That is caused by a partial severance of the spinal cord, otherwise called an incomplete spinal cord injury. The spasms are caused by stimulation sending signals through the spinal cord but not reaching the brain so it triggers the muscle to fire rapidly, giving the spasms.


Question: When a large retail corporation like Toys R Us goes out of business, what happens in practicality?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a large retail corporation like Toys R Us goes out of business, what happens in practicality?

The remaining stores will try to find a buyer for merchandise at the best price they can quickly move goods for, this often involves sharp discounts on store shelves, or another business buying out merchandise, or sometimes it may be simply donated to a charity if nobody will buy it. Employees may be given a short notice, but many bankruptcy cases are something that any casual employee is likely to for see well in advance (store closings, layoffs, poor sales volumes, etc). Sometimes the rights to use the company name are sold off, sometimes to create a new online retailler with the same name.


Question: why is facilitated diffusion considered passive transport?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is facilitated diffusion considered passive transport?

Facilitated-Type Transport proteins do not need ATP to change shape. The Transport Protein will change shape by just interacting with the solute passing though. It's like how a magnet could change the shape of a bunch of iron fillings/pieces if placed nearby. It's passive b/c the solutes move from a [high] to a [low] until they reach equilibrium. They are are not pumped like in active transport.


Question: How breaking a company apart and selling pieces can be more profitable than selling it whole?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How breaking a company apart and selling pieces can be more profitable than selling it whole?

There are plenty of ways to do such a thing. Here's a simple example: Company sells 3 products. 2 of them are good sellers and make lots of money, the 3rd loses money but is a unique product, and the company owns patents so no one can compete with them on it. Buy the company for the total value (product 1 and its debt + product 2 and its debt - product 3 and its debt). Split the company in to 3 unique companies, one for each product, and "sell" the debt of the 2 successful companies to the third company. Now you have 2 very profitable companies with 0 debt and 1 company that loses a ton of money and has a lot of debt. Sell the 2 successful companies for a bigger profit than before since they have no debt to bring the price down, then declare bankruptcy with the 3rd company. Use the patents to settle the remaining debt.


Question: Why do people invest in gold and silver?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people invest in gold and silver?

Personally, I do it to diversify. Gold and silver have held value throughout time, but who knows what will happen to various markets? & nbsp; I know that in the past, people flocked to it to hedge against inflation. So if inflation is at 10% that means your money is losing value every year, so you bought gold to prevent your cash from losing value. EDIT: clarifying the point


Question: do insects experience time faster?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 do insects experience time faster?

Yes, and no. They would experience time slower, but it would be such a small difference that its not noticeable. It's like asking if you experience time differently from a very fat person, technically yes but neither of you can tell. The metabolic rate (and their biology in general) is what enables some animals to move much quicker than us


Question: Why Haven't Humans Gone Back to the Moon Since the Apollo Missions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why Haven't Humans Gone Back to the Moon Since the Apollo Missions?

Basically works out to a simple cost benefit analysis. We pretty well know everything we need to know about the moon, it’s super expensive to go there, and the real reason anyone really ever went there was to say they did it first (Cold War-space race tensions)


Question: How come all species on earth have an 'expiration date' die of old age?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come all species on earth have an 'expiration date' die of old age?

Your body is made of many cells, and they have different specializations (liver cells vs. heart cells) and generally "work together" to live and function. Cells divide. One "mother" cells splits into two "daughter" cells. It's kinda like, "suddenly you're young again, and now there's two of you". The DNA is copied, with each new cell getting its own copy of it. Except the copies aren't perfect. Sometimes there are mutations, and with each copy, less and less of the ["ends" of the chromosomes]( URL_0 ) are fully copied over. When there are defects in the DNA from copying, the cells die instead of splitting. So as the years pass, the success:fail ratio between cells that divide and cells that die goes down, to the point where entire organs are affected. Liver fails, heart fails, etc. Death from "natural causes".


Question: Why is water so essential for Life?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is water so essential for Life?

For many chemical reactions, your reactants need to mix. They need to be mixed so well that every molecule reacts with every other molecule. Sure, you could grind it into a powder and mix it for a long time, or melt it and mix it, but if you add just a bit of water then they can dissolve and mix without *any* other work on your part. Thus, water facilitates almost all bodily chemistry.


Question: How do TV Royalties work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do TV Royalties work?

It all depends on what the original contract says. If your contract says you get a percentage of future revenue from syndication (which is how Seinfeld is distributed), then you can get very, very rich. If your contract says you get paid $50,000 per episode and that’s it... well you can still get pretty rich I guess. But you will probably have to work again someday.


Question: When using self-checkout registers/till, how do they prevent fraud without checking ID or having a signature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When using self-checkout registers/till, how do they prevent fraud without checking ID or having a signature?

Merchants don't generally check your ID or signature even when a cashier checks you out. Ringing up your items yourself doesn't really do anything to change this equation.


Question: if the deepest depth drilled by man is about 8 miles, and the crust is nearly 20 miles deep, how were scientists able to discover that there is an upper and lower mantel and inner and outer core?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if the deepest depth drilled by man is about 8 miles, and the crust is nearly 20 miles deep, how were scientists able to discover that there is an upper and lower mantel and inner and outer core?

The same way you are able to tell what's in the box your grandmother sent you at Christmas. When you shake it, a sweater sounds different from a PS4 controller. Obviously scientists can't shake the earth, but the earth shakes itself sometimes, and scientists in different places are always listening (or rather their seismographs are listening). By comparing what different locations record, they can make good guesses about what's inside, just like you may be able to do. Edit: Thanks for the gold!


Question: What is the downside to taking out lots of loans, or credit cards and declaring bankruptcy? (UK)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the downside to taking out lots of loans, or credit cards and declaring bankruptcy? (UK)

That's not quite how unsecured debt works. All it means is they can't automatically claim ownership of your house if you miss three payments. But they can still sue you in small claims court, and a bailiff will confiscate your property, sell it, and give the money to your creditors. Now, if you wanted to take out loans without risking your property, you would need to form a Limited Liability Company (LLC). This is what Limited Liability means in the name: the company's debts are covered only be the assets of the company, not the assets of its owners. Of course, nobody's going to give a big loan to an LLC without collateral and a history of repaying loans! In theory you could also take out a bunch of loans, spend the money, and declare personal bankruptcy. This makes debts go away, but you don't get to keep your property. Again, there's a court-appointed administrator that gets control over everything you own, and everything you make for a number of years. You get to keep basically some clothes and pots and pans, everything else is sold to pay back your creditors.


Question: Whats the sound you hear when you swallow?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Whats the sound you hear when you swallow?

There are a number of distinct sounds you can hear when you swallow. I would assume you aware that various moving parts such as the tongue and esophagus make some sounds as they move. Also depending on what you are swallowing you can ascertain which sounds originate from liquids etc. Therefore I assume you are talking about the rushing/moving wind noise hear as you swallow. A part of this really is the movement of air around your sinuses. To get an idea of how the air is affected by swallowing, try doing a big swallow with nothing in your mouth but hold your nose tightly closed. Your ears won’t enjoy the sensation much but that should give you an idea of how there’s air being moved when we swallow.


Question: Why do Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures “merge” at a cold enough temperature?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures “merge” at a cold enough temperature?

Any two lines that aren't parallel will cross at some point. Since the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales don't follow parallel lines, they will cross at some point and have a temperature where both are the same


Question: Where do old e-car batteries go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where do old e-car batteries go?

Lithium batteries are among the most difficult to recycle, given their unique chemistry. However, they can be reprocessed and the technology is rapidly improving with the advent of electric vehicles. You've got two big ways of doing it. Both are focused on extracting the precious metals- lithium, copper, cobalt, nickel, and others. Everything else is waste. One method, smelting, involves literally putting the battery in a furnace to burn off anything that's not made of metal. Then you can smelt out all the different metals in a conventional smelter and reuse them elsewhere. It takes a lot of energy and recovers only a fraction of the battery material. Another involves putting the battery in a corrosive acid bath, dissolving the metals and leaching them into an aqueous solution that they can be extracted from later one. More efficient, but also difficult and expensive. The problem is (currently) that it's cheaper to mine new metal for batteries than it is to recycle them. However, with the explosion of electric vehicles, the scale of battery recycling is expected to increase greatly and hopefully refine these techniques.


Question: Why exactly muscles go away when the person stop working out? Can't the body just get the energy it needs from fat and carbohydrates and leave the grow muscles in place?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why exactly muscles go away when the person stop working out? Can't the body just get the energy it needs from fat and carbohydrates and leave the grow muscles in place?

Muscles require energy to just be there, which is why increasing your muscle mass increases your passive calories burnt per day. For efficiency sake, our body doesn't want to consume energy it doesn't need.


Question: why do gaming laptops perform significantly worse on games when running on battery as opposed to it being charged?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do gaming laptops perform significantly worse on games when running on battery as opposed to it being charged?

Running a lot of the components, such as the GPU, takes lots of power. The computer will try to minimize battery drain when unplugged, and thus won't fully utilize the hardware. I'm sure you can change this behavior in your power settings. However, your battery will probably drain *very* fast.


Question: Why do stationary cars shake from high speed passing traffic, yet pedestrians barely feel a breeze?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do stationary cars shake from high speed passing traffic, yet pedestrians barely feel a breeze?

Simple: Cars are closer to passing traffic. If you were a cyclist you'd realize the the air pressure wave effects you in the same way if you were as close to the traffic as cars are. Getting passed by an 18-wheeler going 60 MPH on a bike is a scary thing. (Before I get shat upon, lots of roads where I'm from are small country roads with 60 MPH speed limits because they're flat and straight for miles and miles.)


Question: When tires wear down, where does it go?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When tires wear down, where does it go?

A little rubber becomes chemically incorporated into asphalt roads, because asphalt and rubber both are made of petroleum oils. But the vast majority wears off as small particles that are rinsed off the road by rain, or blown off by wind, ending up in the soil, on plants, and in lakes, rivers and streams.


Question: Why are beer bottle caps made in such a way that you either need a special tool (bottle opener) to open? Why aren’t beer bottle made with screw on caps?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are beer bottle caps made in such a way that you either need a special tool (bottle opener) to open? Why aren’t beer bottle made with screw on caps?

The first reason is the most important: perception of quality. Pop top bottles (pry off) are considered by the general public to represent a higher quality beverage than screw top ones. You can probably see why then a brewery may want their beers perceived as a high quality item. Second, from a practical standpoint, for many brewers, particularly smaller craft brewers, pop top bottles are way way easier to get, fill, and cap, and maintain quality over screw tops, which suck balls to use in the filling process. But you know what’s even better, easier, and cheaper most of the time? Cans. And many brewers, even craft brewers are really embracing the can now.


Question: Do big corporations like Google have thier own in house lawyers or outsource to law firms?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Do big corporations like Google have thier own in house lawyers or outsource to law firms?

It’s likely both. Most corporations have at least general counsel, they may also have other legal staff. They could also outsource some work to a firm maybe if it had to do with something needing specialists (I.e real estate, taxes, etc)


Question: How did earth’s molten core create itself and how does it keep itself from cooling? Does the world also have a finite amount of lava?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did earth’s molten core create itself and how does it keep itself from cooling? Does the world also have a finite amount of lava?

The center of the Earth is under intense pressure. So it’s like a trillion ton pressure cooker. The magma is just melted rock that floats around. It’s not finite in the sense that as magma near the top cools, new rock under the crust melts. Source: seasoned Google expert


Question: Why is the movie/TV streaming landscape so much more fractured than the music streaming landscape?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the movie/TV streaming landscape so much more fractured than the music streaming landscape?

First, there is a large difference of cost between a movie/series and a music album. Thus, buying a movie/series is usually more expensive. You need to have very big earning to be able to buy everything. Second is licensing. There are many cases in the movie/series industry of an exclusivity license toward one particular broadcaster. Forcing you to pay for that particular broadcaster. Music also does this, but it's usually much less prevalent. As a result, everything is seemingly more available. On a guess, I can also imagine that since movie/series are not something that is consumed multiple times, it usually is something that not many people would buy. Whereas music is something that is listened multiple times. Leading to many more sales overall. The difference would end up being that music gets more revenue from selling as many copies as possible at a lower price, whereas movies would better return from selling less copies at higher price. Licensing is a good way to sell at a higher price.


Question: Why is the sale of homeopathic "remedies" not punished under fraud/false advertising laws?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the sale of homeopathic "remedies" not punished under fraud/false advertising laws?

They are not sold as medications. They are sold as supplements. They do not have the same rules.


Question: is there a reason for women tending to live longer than men?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 is there a reason for women tending to live longer than men?

It is not just humans; studies have shown in most species, the females outlive the males. There are numerous theories and hundreds of variables, but it can be simplified and reduced to a few variables: Evolution: Women mature faster. Biochemical: Estrogen is more beneficial than testosterone. Societal: Woman are less prone to be in life threatening situations. Also societal: Woman bond better than men. Having a social circle is beneficial to survival.


Question: Why is there more static electricity when the air is dry?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there more static electricity when the air is dry?

Moisture in the air helps to dissipate the electrical charge and not allow it to build up into a noticeable zap. And dry air does not.


Question: How are black surfaces able to be glossy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are black surfaces able to be glossy?

Light can bounce off of surfaces like a ball. When it hits the surface in an angle from the left, it bounces with the same angle to the right. If all light bounces like this, you can see a reflection. This is how mirrors bounce light. Light can also scatter all around to all directions. A very white surface may bounce almost all the light but you won't see a reflection because the light bounces to all directions and the "reflection" becomes blurry. Now, a perfectly black material wouldn't bounce any light at all but it it impossible to make a perfectly black surface. Surfaces can be very dark but not black. If the black sufrace bounces the small amount of light like a mirror, it looks shiny.


Question: What actually happens when you suffer a brain aneurysm, and how does this result in death?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What actually happens when you suffer a brain aneurysm, and how does this result in death?

A Blood vessel ruptures causing bleeding into the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). Most often a ruptured brain aneurysm occurs in the space between the brain and the thin tissues covering the brain. The blood can cause direct damage to surrounding cells, and the bleeding can damage or kill other cells. It also increases pressure inside the skull. If the pressure becomes too elevated, the blood and oxygen supply to the brain may be disrupted to the point that loss of consciousness or even death may occur.


Question: What does a magnet "lose" when it uses energy to move an object?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does a magnet "lose" when it uses energy to move an object?

Due to its position in a magnetic field, an object will have a magnetic potential energy. This is converted to kinetic energy as the object moves through the field. To re-separate the magnets, you need to apply energy in the form of pulling them apart, thus giving it potential again. This works in the same way as gravitational potential energy; when we lift an object up, we are working against gravity and therefore giving the object energy in the form of potential as when it is released it will travel back to a point where it no longer has this potential (the ground). & #x200B; edit: typo: changed electric to magnetic


Question: Why do two mics produce a blood curdling screech when too close to each other?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do two mics produce a blood curdling screech when too close to each other?

It's not two mics being too close to each other that does it. It's a mic being too close to the speakers it's attached to. The sound played out of a speaker is going to be slightly different than the sound that goes into the microphone. It's not an absolutely exact replica of the original sound. Some of the frequencies will be reduced, and others will be boosted. When the output from the speaker is fed back into the microphone, the amplified sound is amplified again, and the frequencies that were boosted the most will be boosted again. And then that sound comes out of the speaker and is picked up by the microphone, and comes out of the speaker and is picked up by the microphone, over and over and over, until the only sound left is the super-amplified frequency that is the one that is boosted the most by the amplifier. That process is called a "feedback loop", and so the sound is generally referred to simply as "feedback".


Question: How do genetic and ancestry tests claim to be so accurate when their results seem to be based on nationality and not necessarily on ethnicity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do genetic and ancestry tests claim to be so accurate when their results seem to be based on nationality and not necessarily on ethnicity?

In general, they have analyzed the average genetics of a resident from that part of the world, and are using "Irish" as short hand for "This percentage of your ancestry likely came from people who lived in this part of the world, as certain genetic traits are common to them."


Question: Why should I shop local?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why should I shop local?

The more you buy from Amazon, the richer Jeff Bezos gets, and the more Sam from Sam’s Hardware can’t afford to feed his daughter. Sam is your neighbor. Take care of Sam.


Question: Why do you feel so relaxed while procrastinating but uneasy while working hard?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you feel so relaxed while procrastinating but uneasy while working hard?

Because work is hard. It takes actual effort, force, strength. Not just physical but mental, emotional, cerebral effort. And our brains and bodies like being comfortable so they try to push you to do the easier thing over the harder thing. And many times this hard work is work for someone else not even for us. Or it isn't fun. But reddit and twitter is low effort and fun. Yes there is a science to this.


Question: How do blankets with holes still manage to trap heat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do blankets with holes still manage to trap heat?

By restricting airflow. A blanket will block enough of the air from escaping that you eventually develop a pocket of warm air around you. Sure, some of this heat escapes but it is slow enough that your body heat puts out more energy than you lose to the environment.


Question: Why does licking your fingers either increase or decrease your grip?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does licking your fingers either increase or decrease your grip?

Wet fingers will increase or decrease your ability to grip different kinds of materials. Licking your finger and touching something porous like paper will cause your finger to stick to the page, while licking your fingers and grabbing onto something solid like a jar of pickles will cause your fingers to slide.


Question: Why does saltwater feel like it’s burning an open cut, but a saltwater flush of sinuses is soothing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does saltwater feel like it’s burning an open cut, but a saltwater flush of sinuses is soothing?

The reason salt water can give this burning sensation is that it has higher salt concentration than your blood. The salt from the water wants to get into your body, but since it can't just slip through the membrane (outer layer) of your cells, it draws water out. This effect can be powerful enough to outright kill cells, which is also why salt can be used as a preservative. This process is called "osmosis". Now the saline solution you're using on your nose is isotonic. That means it has the same salt concentration as your body, so there is no osmosis going on.


Question: Where do birthmarks come from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where do birthmarks come from?

The short answer is that there are many types of birthmarks with different causes. Some are related to unusual areas of skin pigment, some are due to unusual blood vessel structures, some are from differences in the layer of fat below the skin and many more. This site has a lot of information, but in pretty technical terms. URL_0


Question: How does our body know what food we're craving when we're hungry?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does our body know what food we're craving when we're hungry?

It's not your body that's craving the food, it's the critters in your gut. When they're hungry, they tell your brain to go grab them some snacks. If you stop feeding them, they'll die off and you'll be free of their demands. [Source]( URL_0 )


Question: Why is code THE language that computers can understand - is there not a code for the code?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is code THE language that computers can understand - is there not a code for the code?

The computer actually doesn't understand the code. The code is for us, but each of those words or terms in the 'Code' language you're using translates to something else until ultimately it's simply a set of instructions that are only 1s and 0s So when we type in like PRINT "Hello World" that's kind of for us. It's then essentially translated to 1000101011010111010100110100101111001011010011010101010100101001 or whatever and that's fed to the actual chip The only thing a CPU really understands is the instruction to turn a transistor on or off. But a complex series of turning those transistors on and off and using logic gates can make it do calculations and produce a result that then gets translated to something we understand.


Question: Why do aquatic mammals swim with their fins moving up and down, but fishes swim with their fins moving side to side?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do aquatic mammals swim with their fins moving up and down, but fishes swim with their fins moving side to side?

The most basic reasoning would be bone structure. An aquatic mammal still has bones in the same general shape as ours, meaning that their shoulders work a lot like ours do. Up and down and using them as rudders works well with the bone structure. Its the same with penguins. Fish also share a common bone structure with us, but it is so far removed from terrestrial animals that its barely recognizable. Fish limbs are the original limbs for swimming. They then evolved for walking on land, then in the case of aquatic mammals or birds, re-evolved for ocean life.


Question: Why aren’t ferment fruit juice other than grapes as popular as wine? Couldn’t we make ‘wine’ from pineapple or cherries or watermelon? Why grapes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why aren’t ferment fruit juice other than grapes as popular as wine? Couldn’t we make ‘wine’ from pineapple or cherries or watermelon? Why grapes?

Rice wine and plum wine are extremely popular in East Asian countries. Apple cider is technically apple "wine," and it's extremely popular in Europe and increasingly popular in North America. But grapes are very popular due to tradition and suitability. As others have noticed, their acid, tannin, and most importantly sugar content is well-suited to fermentation, particularly after thousands of years of cultivation. It also grows extraordinarily well in the Middle East, where settled civilization first really got started - not many other fruits grow so well there. Thus, it was used the most to make alcohol when agriculture was young, and turned into a tradition over thousands of years.


Question: Why can't essential oils dissolve in water by itself, but can when mixed with dry tea leaves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't essential oils dissolve in water by itself, but can when mixed with dry tea leaves?

There are materials known as emulsifiers that allow water and oil to mix. I'm gonna assume something in the tea is acting as an emulsifier.


Question: When something has sugars and carbs is that the same thing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When something has sugars and carbs is that the same thing?

In your example, it's the same thing. Sugars are carbohydrates but not all carbohydrates are sugars.


Question: Can someone explain the mathematical and geometrical terms like 'Dual Space' and 'Euclidean Space' to me?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can someone explain the mathematical and geometrical terms like 'Dual Space' and 'Euclidean Space' to me?

If you want to r/learnmath I'd check that sub.


Question: Why do you need a permit to start a business but not to sell things privately over Craigslist, etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do you need a permit to start a business but not to sell things privately over Craigslist, etc?

Selling things privately is very different to setting up a business. Buying things to sell on, making regular income on the transactions, these things are then taxable. If you’ve had a phone for 18 months and sell it on second hand isn’t a business transaction. If any government had their way, there would be a way to charge some kind of tax on it, but it’s not feasible. Plus, if V.A.T. Was put onto you selling your old phone, the government would owe you money! (Business transaction - buy goods for £10, sell for £14, pay VAT on £4. Selling old phone - bought for £500, sold for £200. VAT added on -£300!) It is an interesting one though, it’s probably because privately selling something happens so often by millions of different people every day is impossible to manage. You can’t just tell the population that they can’t sell anything, and you can’t monitor it, so you just let it slide.


Question: Why are some foods (peanuts, etc.) more likely to cause an allergic reaction than others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some foods (peanuts, etc.) more likely to cause an allergic reaction than others?

It's not something fully understood yet, but there's a lot of theories. Interestingly, what is considered a declarable allergen varies in regions- in Australia it is peanuts, tree nuts, sesame seeds, eggs, dairy, fish, shellfish, wheat, soy and recently added are lupins. In Europe, the list is mostly the same but adds mustard and celery/celeriac- why in Europe and not Australia and USA would there be mustard and celery allergy enough to put it on the list? It's so weird!


Question: Why does Google Chrome need so much RAM to operate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does Google Chrome need so much RAM to operate?

It doesn't. It only seems to consume an inordinate amount of memory because it uses memory if it's available. If you have 2 computers with the exact same specs except for the RAM and loaded the same websites chrome will use more memory on the system with more memory to make it feel snappier. The other computer will max out it's memory and either store some information on the hard drive or wait until you activate a tab before it starts downloading information from the website.


Question: Why do rainbows are shaped as an arc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do rainbows are shaped as an arc?

They are actually a circle. They only appear to be an arc because you only see the top over the horizon


Question: If the sun is hot why is space cold ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the sun is hot why is space cold ?

There's basically nothing *in* space to be hot or cold. What's actually "cold" about space is the fact that the ambient temperature comes from what's called the "cosmic microwave background." It's the energy left over from the Big Bang. Since that happened so long ago, the temp is close to absolute zero. The reason that's the closest thing to the temperature of space is because the heat from stars flies straight through space. There are very few atoms in any given volume to heat up. That said, if you were in Earth orbit unprotected, sunlight can still heat up your body or spaceship just fine. You need radiators to get rid of that heat or you might actually be quite toasty up there.


Question: Why does the moon's gravity only affect the ocean (to form tides)? Why not air or weather, etc?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the moon's gravity only affect the ocean (to form tides)? Why not air or weather, etc?

*Ah but it does!* It’s called “atmospheric tides”: URL_1 URL_0


Question: How does an annuity work? There is a company offering a “solution for people supporting their parents who have outlived their retirement savings” and wondering how that would work. (My elderly father lives with me and my family.)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does an annuity work? There is a company offering a “solution for people supporting their parents who have outlived their retirement savings” and wondering how that would work. (My elderly father lives with me and my family.)

You pay an insurance company money (either up front or over a period of time). This is the accumulation payment(s). Then they pay you money (called the annuitization phase). When they begin paying, how much, over what period, and whether it can vary depends on the type of annuity. An annuity, in the most generic sense, is paying an insurance company to assume the investment risk of your money and, in the case of a long-term or life annuity, assume the risk of you living a long time. For example, let's say you have enough money to pay your expenses for 20 years assuming average investment returns. the insurance company calculates your expected life span to be 20 years, so they offer you an annuity that makes them a profit if you die within 20 years. If you live 30 years, they might lose money. As another example, say you have enough money to live an indefinite period of time, but assuming 7% average annual investment returns. Not bad, but a few bad years (called the sequence of returns) can disproportionately ruin your retirement. The insurance company offers you a lifetime annuity that guarantees you enough money to live on for as long as you live, but the insurance company gets to keep extra investment earnings and may even keep the entire principal when you die. There's thousands of different annuities, though, so depends on the terms.


Question: When a number gets too high, my iPhone calculator shows an E and some numbers. What does that E stand for?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When a number gets too high, my iPhone calculator shows an E and some numbers. What does that E stand for?

It means "number before the E" times 10 to the power of "number after the E." This is called scientific notation and it's just a convenient way of writing large numbers in a small space. 1E9 is a lot shorter than 1000000000


Question: Why does the earth have a magnetic field? What makes it and do other planets in our solar system have one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the earth have a magnetic field? What makes it and do other planets in our solar system have one?

Why and what: The core of Earth is made of mostly iron and nickel, some of it molten some solid. As this core spins (at a rate of about 1 day per day) within the magnetic field given off by the Sun (directly and indirectly), an electric current is produced which in turn produces a magnetic field along the axis of the spin... Or that's one theory. We can't dig deep enough to look what's really going on, but spinning balls of molten metal produce similar magnetic fields in small scale experiments. Other planets: Some of them do, some of them don't. Jupiter has a vastly more powerful magnetic field believed to be caused by very high pressure hydrogen behaving as a metal, while Mercury's magnetic field is only 1.1% as strong as Earth's and Mars has hardly any at all - but localized magnetic fields that suggest it used to have one. Maybe. Again, we can't really go back in time to look.


Question: Why does taking an old battery in and out of the remote usually makes it work again a while longer?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does taking an old battery in and out of the remote usually makes it work again a while longer?

It could also be a dirty contact that is cleaned by removing the battery, or there might be a microprocessor in the RC that needs to be reset by removing the power supply


Question: What are the advantages of buying debts? What does it mean?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are the advantages of buying debts? What does it mean?

You're not buying the debt, so much as buying the right to collect the debt. As for the advantages, most debts that get sold -- namely bonds and mortgage loans -- have very long repayment periods. If I'm a bank and make a 30-year $100,000 loan at 5% interest, I'll collect something along the lines of $200,000 over the life of the loan. That's great, but it'll take me 20-30 years to see all that money, assuming you even repay the loan at all. So what I do is "sell" the loan to someone else for, say $110,000. That gives me a $10,000 profit today and gets the risk off my books while the person I sell it to stands to make $90,000 profit over the next 30 years in exchange for taking on the risk of your not repaying the debt.


Question: What is the difference between the oil we find in the ground and the synthetic oil we use in engines?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between the oil we find in the ground and the synthetic oil we use in engines?

The oil we find in the ground is a mixture of molecules of different length. The molecules are a chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms around them, thus the name hydrocarbons. The smallest molecule, 1 C and 4 Hs, is "natural gas" so that bubbles out of the oil when it's pumped to the surface. Octane, 8 Cs and 18 Hs, is the primary thing put into gasoline for cars. Bitumen, the tar stuff in asphalt, has about 50 Cs in each molecule. [Here]( URL_0 ) is a website with a nice chart of molecule lengths. Refineries take this mix of molecule lengths and regroup them by length. The 8s, with a few 7s and 9s go into gas. A similarly small group of lengths go into "motor oil". Synthetic oil is made by taking long molecules and cutting them to have exactly the same number of Cs. It's a more uniform liquid than oil can be affordably refined into.


Question: How does fishing with mentos, coca-cola and toothpaste work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does fishing with mentos, coca-cola and toothpaste work?

I'm going to guess not well? Is this actually a thing?


Question: how does the eco setting on a washing machine save energy and water by washing the laundry for *longer*?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does the eco setting on a washing machine save energy and water by washing the laundry for *longer*?

The motor of the washing machine uses very little power when it's just moving the clothes around. It's a bit more during the spin cycle, but that doesn't last very long. The vast majority of the power is used to heat the water, so if you can use a lower temperature and/or less water and instead just have the motor do its thing for a longer time, you use less energy (and water) overall.


Question: what actually happens when your erase pencil from paper ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what actually happens when your erase pencil from paper ?

Carbon is an amazing material, because the atom can bond with itself to give really long, stable chains. So, you have a lot of configuration of these chains, but the most "orderly" ones we know about are diamond and graphite, which are quite the opposite of each other. Diamonds are very strong while graphite is really weak. While in a diamond, the atoms of carbon are arranged in a strong lattice (think a jungle gym). However, in graphite the carbon atoms are laid out in such a way that they form horizontal sheets, stacks on each other (think a pile of paper sheets). The important thing to note is that each sheet is by itself strong. In fact, a single sheet of graphite is graphene, one of the strongest materials out there. However, as a collective, the sheets do not form interatomic bonds but only intermolecular bonds. This means that a carbon atom on a sheet does NOT form an atomic bond with the carbon atom of another sheet. Simply put, the horizontal sheets are really just piled on top of each other, without any solid bond between them. However, since they still have a slight electromagnetic attraction towards each other (because of electrons), they are still weakly attached to each other. This is why graphite feels slippery, as a small force is enough to overpower this weak attraction. **TL;DR**: The bond between each graphite sheet is weak enough that they slip past each other, but strong enough to remain attached until scraped against. Now , when you write something, the layers slip from the pencil (which is made of graphite) and adhere to the paper (through the same weak attraction). Thus, when you erase something, you are simply breaking this weak bond and removing the graphite layer, essentially "erasing" what you have written. Some of the graphite gets stuck in gaps that the eraser can't reach, so you may have a little residue left behind. One more note is that, why doesn't pencil graphite lift up when you rub with, let's say, paper? The thing is that rubber is a soft, sticky polymer. As you rub, the graphite gets to stick on the polymer, which due to its softness gets discarded to reveal a new polymer layer, thus repeating the process over and over again till you have no graphite left. You can't do this with, let's say a finger, because the "unwanted" graphite is not removed fast enough to give satisfiable results. This is also why really light layers on a pencil sketch can simply be "smudged" away because the layers are thin enough to make no noticeable difference. A pencil-written mark is deep, creating more of a valley in the paper where the graphite can collect.


Question: why does shaking your muscles out after doing something strenuous make them feel better?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why does shaking your muscles out after doing something strenuous make them feel better?

The general theory is that this encourages increased blood flow through inflamed muscles. This in tern allows built-up lactic acid to be flushed out. It's also effective to elevate your legs in rotation (e.g. put them up for 5 minutes, put them down), for the same reason. I do not know of any studies on this and - as such - is one of those "makes logical sense, but could be taking logical leaps too far" sort of pseudoscience. So...grains of salt and such.


Question: Why does peeing into a toilet cause so many bubbles?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does peeing into a toilet cause so many bubbles?

Urine has varying amounts of protein in it. Lots of protein causes more foam. It basically forms a lattice, which combined with surface tension of water is able to capture air bubbles. Some foam is fine. If you consistently have VERY foamy urine, you might need to talk to your doctor about it, because it could be a sign of a kidney issue.


Question: Why does the American hurricane model and the European model differ so dramatically in their prediction for landfall?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the American hurricane model and the European model differ so dramatically in their prediction for landfall?

There are a couple dozen different models for predicting hurricane tracks. They can vary pretty widely, especially when looking more than a day or so out. It’s because there are millions of factors to consider, and depending on which ones your model thinks are more/less important, the outcomes can be quite different. The farther out you look, the more those tiny differences build up and reinforce each other. That’s why most weather forecasters will look at a number of different models and show a range of possible outcomes.