Question: Why does the same company listed on two different stock exchanges trade so differently?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the same company listed on two different stock exchanges trade so differently?

Technically they’re different shares. The US one is called an American Depository Receipt (ADR). It’s a cheaper way for non-US companies to get access to US investors without having to go through all the steps and expense of listing on one of the US indices. There would be a different number of issued shares for each. For example 1 share of the Japanese listing might equal 4 ADRs etc. That’s why there’s such a difference. Slightly more advanced topic: Some people will try to trade an arbitrage between the two listings after adjusting for currency moves.


Question: Why is it that we study better when we write as opposed to typing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that we study better when we write as opposed to typing?

Anything that slows you down and makes you spend more time focusing your mind on the material may help you remember it later.


Question: When we focus on a moving object we can smoothly move our eyes however if nothing is there we cant smoothly move them from left to right?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When we focus on a moving object we can smoothly move our eyes however if nothing is there we cant smoothly move them from left to right?

Horizontal saccades (eye movements) feel like they are smooth, but they aren't. They are always somewhat jerky, but your brain corrects the visual input so that you interpret it as smooth movement. When you have a moving object this allows the brain's "correction software" to do a more convincing job of making you think it was a smooth movement.


Question: Why the taxes aren’t included in the final price in the US?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why the taxes aren’t included in the final price in the US?

It's simpler to just show the base price and everybody knows that taxes will be charged on top of that... How do you advertise the price when it's different in every city/county/state? How does an electronics store advertise a TV that's $599 (plus tax) when it's $637 in one town, and $640 in another, and $628 in another that all get/see the same ad?


Question: What is a dissertation? What is the purpose? What kind of degrees have them? Why? Why are they so stressful?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is a dissertation? What is the purpose? What kind of degrees have them? Why? Why are they so stressful?

ELI5: You are asked to imagine or create in your imagination something that doesn’t exist but is connected to what we do know exists, you then take that something from your imagination, think about that one thing for 4-7 years, and then you have to prove that that thing that only existed in your imagination is in fact real. A dissertation is the proof of you did (and can do) that process. The end result is that you’ve done something to add to all of human knowledge.


Question: How the hell does anything to the power of zero equal one...?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How the hell does anything to the power of zero equal one...?

From the initial definitions of powers it may seam like powers is only defined for positive values. So we have to look for a new definition that fits the properties. One obvious property of powers is that x^n-1 = x^n /x. If we set n=1 then we get x^0 = x^1 /x = x/x = 1. The same way can also be used to define negative powers of numbers.


Question: - Why can’t a bunch of diabetics get together and start a nonprofit insulin manufacturing company? Isn’t it pretty old tech?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Why can’t a bunch of diabetics get together and start a nonprofit insulin manufacturing company? Isn’t it pretty old tech?

Human insulin itself isn't a excessively expensive drug: many pharmacies offer it for something like $30 a vial. It's the newer analogues of insulin, which provide much better control of blood sugar levels and are easier to use, which are far more expensive, mainly as many of them are still under patent.


Question: Why do humans feel the need to have sex throughout the year instead of having a "mating season" like other animals?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do humans feel the need to have sex throughout the year instead of having a "mating season" like other animals?

Human infants are practically useless for so long that there's little benefit for timing with seasonality. A deer fawn is born in the early spring so that it's strong and mobile and well fed by winter. A baby human born in spring is still totally inept and shitting itself ten months later, and there wasn't much of a "winter" to worry about in central Africa anyway. It was better to maximize the chances to make a baby than try to time it for the weather.


Question: Why is the web CAPTCHA necessary?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the web CAPTCHA necessary?

To prevent web bots. It’s harder to code something to click submit web forms with a captcha.


Question: Why cant we just burn all our overflowing garbage and filter all the pollutants out?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why cant we just burn all our overflowing garbage and filter all the pollutants out?

Sweden does this extensively, even importing waste from other parts of Europe to generate steam for heat and power. Cleaning the air is not cheap, but Sweden is doing it effectively. Landfills emit methane over time that, if not collected and used for fuel, also pollute the air. URL_0


Question: what is Aspergers/Autism? Are more neurons active in specific areas of the brain making some things hard and others easy? Follow ups- is everyone on the spectrum to some extent? And how would an adult get tested for Aspergers/Autism? Ty!

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what is Aspergers/Autism? Are more neurons active in specific areas of the brain making some things hard and others easy? Follow ups- is everyone on the spectrum to some extent? And how would an adult get tested for Aspergers/Autism? Ty!

To answer a small part of your question: Autism in children is normally diagnosed when they are delayed reaching certain developmental milestones. That's usually the first sign, but I'm not sure how the diagnosis process goes from there. Adults have to get their doctor to refer them to a specialist who will make an assessment based on interviews with the adult in question and their parents (if possible). There are a bunch of common traits that are attributed to autism that a person may have some or all of, but the diagnosis is usually made based on a 'triad' of symptoms: * Problems with social interaction. * Problems with communication. * Restricted interests or repetitive behaviour. (e.g. a fixation on one niche hobby, or having very strict routines in daily life) Also: according to the specialist i saw, 'Aspergers' is a term they're moving away from as it's not very well defined or useful. It's basically just a high-functioning autistic person. Source: diagnosed this year, age 26


Question: Why are the serving sizes of supplements inconsistent?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are the serving sizes of supplements inconsistent?

Because there's no established "daily value" of St Johns Wart and many other supplements like there would be for vitamins and minerals, what information does exist about these things tends to completely vary on what you're trying to accomplish, and supplements aren't really regulated like medicine or food.


Question: Why do people who steal credit cards often make charges to iTunes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people who steal credit cards often make charges to iTunes?

Gift card / gift code. They're hoping the purchase will be ignored as "normal" since you might already be doing business on itunes and thus not stick out. 1. Steal the credit card 2. Buy an iTunes gift card online so you immediately get the code 3. Trade or sell the code on one of those giftcard exchange websites 4. Now you have cash or a gift card to something you actually want


Question: How does Google & Youtube backup my files, videos, pictures and not deal with hard drives failing all the time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Google & Youtube backup my files, videos, pictures and not deal with hard drives failing all the time?

Hard drives are always failing. The drives are in arrays, your data is stored across multiple drives instead of just on one drive. Parity is used to reconstruct data when a drive in an array dies. For an example of parity we can use addition. We know that 1+ 2 = 3. Let's say you erase one of the numbers so you have ? + 2 = 3. Even though we've erased one of the numbers we can calculate what the missing number is using our old friend Algebra.


Question: when the cable company says they will send a signal to your tv/modem, how does that works?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when the cable company says they will send a signal to your tv/modem, how does that works?

The same way anything else gets to your modem/TV. Every device attached to their system has an address, just like your home address. They can just punch in that address and BLEEP BLOOP the info gets sent right to your device. The same way an email knows to go from my account to your account or a text knows to go from my phone to your phone.


Question: why rent control is bad economics?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why rent control is bad economics?

What rent control does is shift the costs from tenants onto landlords. Essentially, it forces landlords to pay a portion of their tenant's rent. So landlords raise the rent on all their other tenants and decrease the services offered to the bare legal minimum. Rent control also creates an incentive to avoid creating cheap apartments (which will be subject to rent control in the future) and instead just focus on high priced housing (which won't be).


Question: is there a difference in hitting an object at the same speed head on, say at 50 mph, and hitting a fixed, immovable object at 100 mph? Why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 is there a difference in hitting an object at the same speed head on, say at 50 mph, and hitting a fixed, immovable object at 100 mph? Why?

There is literally a Mythbusters episode on this, and the answer is that two objects hitting each other at 50mph is equal to hitting an immovable object at 50mph. It's counter intuitive, sure. Consider that the forward momentum from one car is transferred into the second car, in the opposite direction, effectively cancelling out 50mphs worth of force, even though the gap between the car is closing at 100mph. I can't find the episode, if anyone wants to provide a link.


Question: what makes coffee and tea decaf as opposed to full of caffeine?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what makes coffee and tea decaf as opposed to full of caffeine?

Decaffeinated tea and coffee use various methods to remove the caffeine. One of the methods just uses water - the caffeine dissolves easily into the water, and then other solvents can remove the caffeine from the water. Of course, the water also contains the chemicals that make it taste like coffee, so the caffeine-free but coffee-tasting water is then cycled back through - as it is saturated in coffee, it doesn't take out the coffee flavours, but dose dissolve more caffeine.


Question: How is the observable universe 46.6 billion light years wide if the universe is only 13.7 billion years old? Should we only be able to see 13.7 billion light years away since that's all the light that could possibly reach us in that time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the observable universe 46.6 billion light years wide if the universe is only 13.7 billion years old? Should we only be able to see 13.7 billion light years away since that's all the light that could possibly reach us in that time?

The objects that are now 46.6 billion light years away were not that far away in the past. The light that we see from those objects didn't have to travel 46.6 billion light years. Think of it like me throwing you a ball, and then running further away than I can throw before you catch the ball. It seems like I'm impossibly far away to have thrown you that ball.


Question: Why when I'm sick do I always feel worse in the morning?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why when I'm sick do I always feel worse in the morning?

OK so I am going to assume that you are talking about a cold here. In short, your internal clock is closely tied to your immune system. One of these substances related to immune response is called IL‐10, which inhibits inflammation. Symptoms like a runny nose is usually caused by inflammation and are inhibited by high levels of IL-10. Since IL-10 levels peak at day time, you feel better during the day URL_0


Question: What exactly is concentrate, and why is it a selling point for things like orange juice?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly is concentrate, and why is it a selling point for things like orange juice?

Concentrate is when they take the water component from fruit juice which allows you to store it until you want to use it and then you just add water. The issue is that concentrate often has preservatives and added sugar.


Question: If computers only read 1s and 0s, then isn't downloading anything online just creating instructions? Like isn't everything a computer can do already inside of it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If computers only read 1s and 0s, then isn't downloading anything online just creating instructions? Like isn't everything a computer can do already inside of it?

Yes you are downloading instructions. Extremely complex instructions. Mind bogglingly complex instructions.


Question: Why do most of Canadians live in such a small, cramped area, instead of using all the open land?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do most of Canadians live in such a small, cramped area, instead of using all the open land?

Because the "open land" you are talking about is mostly inhospitable, extremely difficult to travel, or otherwise unsuitable for continuous human habitation. You'll notice that Canada is north of the US, and the northern pieces of the US get pretty cold and nasty in the winter.


Question: Why is “No.” a common shorthand for “Number” in English when there is no “o” in the word “Number”?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is “No.” a common shorthand for “Number” in English when there is no “o” in the word “Number”?

It is for the same reason pound is abbreviated as lb (from Latin libra) and ounce as oz (from ltalian onza). English borrows a lot of words from other languages. In this case, the abbreviation "no." for the word "number" comes from the numero symbol, N° (also written as "No" or "no."), which is in turn derived from Latin numero. As you can see, it has an o in it. -Nipun Sher, URL_0


Question: Why can't absolute randomness be programmed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't absolute randomness be programmed?

Programming, by definition, is given the computer a pre-determined set of instructions. Random, by definition, can't be pre-determined. You *can* program a computer to use an external source of randomness, but in that respect you're not programming randomness, just passing it along.


Question: Butterflies. Like, from a darwinian point of view, how could the whole caterpillar/cocoon/butterfly be a solution viable enough? How did they make it to today?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Butterflies. Like, from a darwinian point of view, how could the whole caterpillar/cocoon/butterfly be a solution viable enough? How did they make it to today?

Having your larval stage and your adult stage not have to compete for food, and live in a different environment, is definitely an advantage. For many butterflies/moths it splits the life-cycle pretty neatly. You get the caterpillar who basically has one job: Eat. Then it turns into a butterfly that pretty much has one job: Mate. It is, in fact, not uncommon for butterflies and moths *not to have a digestive system*. Basically, neither part of the life cycle affects the other.


Question: Where do seagulls go at night?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where do seagulls go at night?

They sleep on the beach or even out on the water. Seagulls can also drink seawater, which means they can just live out at sea.


Question: After shaking or dropping the container, why do carbonated beverages bubble more vigorously when opened?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 After shaking or dropping the container, why do carbonated beverages bubble more vigorously when opened?

Agitation gets the carbon dioxide bubbles moving, so when you pop the top, they can release faster. The bubbles are distributed through the soda, but under normal conditions (unshaken), the bubbles can only release through the top layer.


Question: Why are some people "heavy" sleepers, and some "light" sleepers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some people "heavy" sleepers, and some "light" sleepers?

Everyone's brain is a little bit different. Sometimes it's the physical structures, sometimes it's the chemicals the brain makes, and how it uses or responds to them. There are at least 2 chemicals that play a big role in being awake versus sleeping, and how we go from one state to another: GABA and histamine. Some people may make more of one chemical and less of another. Someone else might have more or less physical structures that interact with the chemicals. That's pretty simplified though. Try searching the neuroscience of sleep. Start with Wikipedia and work up to the link below. Hope this helps. 🙂 [cognitive neuroscience of sleep]( URL_0 )


Question: What do bullets do when penetrating the body that makes them deadly?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What do bullets do when penetrating the body that makes them deadly?

Lots of things. First off, it causes bleeding. Bleeding that's hard to stop. Not only that but your body is pretty amazing at sending blood where it needs to go...and like a garden hose, if there's a hole in the middle the water will go there, if big enough all of the water will go there. Secondly, some bullets (by design) tumble within the body...this is like taking a bowl of eggs and and whisking it...you're not gonna put those eggs back together. Another point is that bullets cause cavitation. By design Jacketed Hollow Points (JHP) mushrooms to cause more cavitation. This means more internal damage, more bleeding. There's nothing specific that a bullet does to be deadly. You can easily get shot and have it not be deadly, and you can be [killed by a pellet gun]( URL_0 ). It depends on what sort of organ damage occurs when the projectile enters your body or what sort of trauma it causes.


Question: What exactly does the Queen of England do?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What exactly does the Queen of England do?

Theoretically, the Queen has the power to dissolve government aka fire everyone; however the day would most likely never come to where the power is used. More than anything, she’s a diplomatic head of state who owns a lot of property and is the focus of a ton of international tourism


Question: why is the western United States so much more geographically diverse/interesting than the east?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why is the western United States so much more geographically diverse/interesting than the east?

As someone that lives in the Eastern U.S., what are you talking about? The Appalachian Mountains run through half of the Eastern U.S. There are wetlands in about 1/3 of the Eastern U.S. as well. The Great Lakes are in the Eastern U.S also.


Question: - Does boiling water put more breathable oxygen into the air as it evaporates? Why or why not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Does boiling water put more breathable oxygen into the air as it evaporates? Why or why not?

Nope. By boiling water, you aren’t breaking down the water molecules into it’s smaller elements. You’re just changing the state of matter it’s in from liquid to gas. Hot steam is still just water.


Question: What shapes our handwriting and can it be changed?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What shapes our handwriting and can it be changed?

I can’t answer anything but the last question. Yes it can be changed. I went from writing in all cursive to block style capital letters in jr high (because I liked how that looked) and it only took me about a week of writing to switch, so at least in my case it’s possible and while actively trying was a pretty quick process.


Question: Can you predict the time it will take for water to change to a certain temperature, based on the temperature around it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can you predict the time it will take for water to change to a certain temperature, based on the temperature around it?

Yes, you would use [Newton's law of cooling]( URL_0 ), set it equal to the temperature you want, then solve for the value of t. The constant *k* is something you would either need to look up, or solve for yourself by taking two temperature readings at two different times.


Question: What is the difference between Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Lightroom? And when to use each one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Lightroom? And when to use each one?

PS is used to modify photos individually, add/remove objects, etc. LR is used to process photos individually or in batches, create catalogues, etc. There is a fair degree of overlap in the software. I prefer to use LR for most things, plus it allows me to quickly organise sets of photos. I use PS for focus stacking, object removal, and that's about it. Depending on what you're doing will dictate which you need to use, but I almost always import with LR, do a basic process (levels and lens correction), then open in PS if needed.


Question: why do americans hate paying taxes so much?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do americans hate paying taxes so much?

Firstly, you mean IRS. Understandable since you aren't American. American culture is deeply rooted on opposition to authority and taxation. One of the principle causes for the American Revolution was taxation. In addition, nobody particularly likes paying taxes, but especially the more conservative and libertarian members of US society disagree on the level of taxation.


Question: How do cables know that they are plugged in?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do cables know that they are plugged in?

There is a specific wire inside the cable that is reserved for detecting whether the connectors are plugged in. Basically one half of a simple circuit is in the display and the other half is in the source device. When the two halves are connected via the cable, they output a different signal than what they do when they are separated.


Question: How do ultra high speed cameras (such as the Phantom cameras) work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do ultra high speed cameras (such as the Phantom cameras) work?

There are some types of memory which can be filled up very fast, but like RAM in a PC, they are only temporary. So a high speed camera records a huge number of frames per second for a very short burst, then you need to transfer that data off the camera memory before recording the next high speed burst. You can easily need to be storing gigabytes of data per second, so with high end cameras most of the expense is getting the memory and memory controllers right.


Question: How does a homemade loaf of bread turn moldy when it's been sealed in a plastic bag it's whole life?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a homemade loaf of bread turn moldy when it's been sealed in a plastic bag it's whole life?

Mould spores are everywhere in the air the sealed bag would have contained many of these "seeds" waiting for the right time to grow into mould.


Question: Why is the hotel industry dominated by international companies (Marriott, Hilton, etc.) but apartments are almost always locally owned/run/branded?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the hotel industry dominated by international companies (Marriott, Hilton, etc.) but apartments are almost always locally owned/run/branded?

> Why has the hotel industry seen huge consolidation but the apartment industry hasn’t? The hotel industry by and large hasn't seen huge consolidation. The vast, vast majority of hotels are actually locally owned. The big hotel companies are mostly just management companies. They don't own most of their hotels, rather, the actual owner of the hotel has hired them to come in and run the hotel for them. You'd actually find that the same is true of apartments - most apartments in North America are run by a handful of companies, the same is true of the EU. Those management companies follow the same model that big hotel chains do in that they don't actually own most of their properties, they just manage them on behalf of the real owner. The only difference is that apartment management companies tend to brand their managed properties as a local thing because people want to think that the person managing their home is someone who is local and has a vested interested in their well being such that they will provide you with a superior experience, rather than a giant, soulless corporation. That's a bit different than what most people want with a hotel - which is for it to be run by a giant, soulless corporation that is going to ensure that they have a uniform, acceptable experience regardless of where they stay.


Question: How does radio wave retain its frequency and other modulated properties over such great distances?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does radio wave retain its frequency and other modulated properties over such great distances?

Time and space is uniform along very large distance that is why frieqency stays unchanged. However give it long enough time and frieqency will shift .this happened to lead microwave background radiation shifted from photons at big bang


Question: What makes different kinds of bottled water taste better than others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What makes different kinds of bottled water taste better than others?

Largely branding (placebo effect). A lot of bottled water comes from what is just tap water but in a bottling plant, if you have your own bottle you can make your own. The cost difference is vast so it's definitely worth it! This does depend on where you are of course, not everywhere has water that is as well treated as I am luck enough to receive out of my tap and even to flush my toilet with! There are also waters from ground springs that have minerals in which you can taste, travelling to a different town you can sometimes taste a difference in the water.


Question: The government just put interest rates at zero or close to zero. What does that mean? Does that mean someone can get a car loan at zero percent interest?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 The government just put interest rates at zero or close to zero. What does that mean? Does that mean someone can get a car loan at zero percent interest?

It means banks can get loans from the federal treasury at near zero percent, which in turn means that banks will lower *their* interest rates on home loans, auto loans, business loans, personal credit, all sorts of things. This is one of the powers the government has to stimulate the economy and encourage people to buy homes and cars and other things that keep our system running. Edit: In effect, yes it means you'll be able to get car loans at cheaper rates now than you might have before, at least until it goes back up.


Question: Why does a remote with a low battery work like new for a while after I smack it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a remote with a low battery work like new for a while after I smack it?

Already been asked before but I’ll copy my answer here: Batteries work by electrons being stripped from a piece of metal with acid and pushed through a wire. When the metal is degraded too much, there’s no more electrons to strip off it and the battery no longer works. When you slap the remote the acid hits parts of the metal that may not have been soaking as much and shakes any potential lingering electrons off making them available to be pushed through the wire. Imagine you vacuum a dusty rug and it looks pretty good but then you pick it up and slap it and some dust debris still flies off. Same idea.


Question: Why does milk freeze in flakes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does milk freeze in flakes?

Without using 'correct' science: it's most of the water content that separated from all the calcium and other minerals, proteins, and sugars within the milk. A Google search shows 2% milk is 85-95% water and freezing doesn't properly separate all the water from the milk contents


Question: How do flaps on aircraft help with take-off?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do flaps on aircraft help with take-off?

They make the wings bigger. Bigger wings = more lift. They are moveable because bigger wings/more lift = more drag. By storing them once the plane is up to optimal flying speed, the plane operates more fuel efficiently, due to less drag.


Question: How does software turn off hardware?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does software turn off hardware?

You have to understand that there are electronic devices which can control the flow of electricity, but in a non-mechanical fashion. Yes, the power button on your phone is ultimately a mechanical switch, however it only serves as an input to the circuit which actually powers up your phone. Look up basic transistor theory if you want to go down the rabbit hole - it was the invention of the transistor that made/makes all of this possible.


Question: How do we know a computer is "learning" in a neural network and not just keeping track of certain, very specific inputs to be repeated the same way every time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know a computer is "learning" in a neural network and not just keeping track of certain, very specific inputs to be repeated the same way every time?

Smart question. The latter case is called *overfitting the data* or *overlearning,* and you can test for it by seeing how the computer responds to new test inputs. If it's great at the original training inputs, but useless at the new inputs, that shows overfitting.


Question: Why is it that certain piano chords/keys/scales/etc. sound like very specific moods/emotions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that certain piano chords/keys/scales/etc. sound like very specific moods/emotions?

Netflix's 'Explained' had a really interesting episode on this especially when they compare it with different cultures. [Full episode on YouTube]( URL_0 ) What may sound to us like sad/down may enforce a completely different emotion in other cultures.


Question: How exactly were cave paintings made and how have they stayed in relatively good condition for tens of thousands of years until our time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How exactly were cave paintings made and how have they stayed in relatively good condition for tens of thousands of years until our time?

For starters, we wouldn't know of cave paintings that *didn't* make it to modern times. If a cave sweats enough to wash away the paint or some other phenomenon happens that erases the paintings we would never know a specific cave ever had any cave paintings. For the paintings that *did* last to modern day, caves are surprisingly well protected from weather patterns. Unless a painting was close to an opening, there's next to no moving water to wash it away, there's very few plants, if any, that can grow (to break apart the pigments), short of a cave collapsing on itself or animals rubbing against it, there isn't that much that will get rid of the paint...so it tends to stick around for a long time.


Question: Is urine beneficial or aggravating to jelly stings?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is urine beneficial or aggravating to jelly stings?

this is one of those cases where someone heard a fun factoid, and spreads it round without context and it now becomes a widely recognized "myth". There is a specific composition of urine that would work for specific types of stings but the chances that your/someone elses pee on the jellyfish that stung you would be a match is very very very low. For the times where Urine does not how, it can actually cause the stinger cells to release more toxins which is what causes the pain sensation. The pain lasts a long time because your body has its own natural defense mechanism but it doesn't work as fast. & #x200B; This is kind of like someone saying "i kicked my tv and it turned on again" maybe in very few cases that your kick shook something loose back into place but more likely than not you would do more damage than finding the right tool for the job.


Question: How can everybody's internet go through the same fiber optic cable at the same time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can everybody's internet go through the same fiber optic cable at the same time?

How do all the letters in the mailman's bag don't get mixed up? They are each in an envelope with a sender and recipient address.


Question: How does spreadable butter work? Like what makes it spreadable?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does spreadable butter work? Like what makes it spreadable?

They add oil to it to make it spreadable. Other than that it's just regular butter. The oil adds fat though so technically it's not as healthy as regular cubed hard butter. But hard butter you have to either let sit out until it softens to use easily, or just deal with it being hard.


Question: Why do games on the phone limit the number of times you can play in a day?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do games on the phone limit the number of times you can play in a day?

Those sorts of "games" are built on a pay-to-win system. They limit your amount of playtime, but then offer a "pay to keep playing" system. Take for example the My Little Pony mobile game. My niece absolutely loves it, and I spent some time on my mom's iPad helping her play. To earn the more desirable pony characters our options were invest hundreds of hours of time mining Gems that the game hands out very sparingly, or pay up front between $30 and $100 for some of the top-tier ponies. These games are not made by people who love games, who are trying to create a fun player experience. They're designed by a company to maximize profit.


Question: How are different forms of medication "activated" by the body when taken simultaneously?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are different forms of medication "activated" by the body when taken simultaneously?

Med student here. Any medication you take by mouth is going to go through a "first pass" effect. It won't get fully absorbed, it gets broken down by your liver, etc so it never actually reaches general circulation in your blood. Many oral medications are actually 'activated' by stomach acid, the low pH makes it easier for the drug to be absorbed by the gut and get to your blood. As for whether or not two drugs taken at the same time will combine to form a different chemical structure: not really. I'm sure that may happen on a small scale, but I don't think it will have a big effect.


Question: How does shotgun genome sequencing work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does shotgun genome sequencing work?

A rifle shoots a single bullet in a straight line. A shotgun shoots a bunch of metal balls out in a sort of random pattern. So say the sequence is ABCDEFG (obviously not a real sequence, but it's easy to track). * The shotgun approach would shoot randomly and cut the data so it's AB and then separately CDEFG. * On another strand of DNA it would take the ABCDEFG and randomly split it into ABCD and EFG. * Then a computer would analyze both strands and piece together that it's ABCDEFG. * This can cover a really long strands of DNA, but the problem is that a lot of sequences are not ABCDEFG levels of simple, but really AAABBBAAABBBAAA. It's really hard to piece that type of data back together after using a shotgun to cut it. Today next-gen sequencing is a lot better. It can use a shotgun style approach, but is better because computers are much more powerful these days. So the biggest limitation (at least as I understand it) of sequencing speed is how many pieces you can break the DNA up into. The more powerful the computer, the smaller you can go, and the faster you can do it.


Question: If a website asks you to provide an email address and password, what is to stop them from using that password to attempt to get into your email?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a website asks you to provide an email address and password, what is to stop them from using that password to attempt to get into your email?

> Is this one of the reasons why it's suggested to have multiple passwords? Yes it is. This is one main reasons why should use a different password for every website. The other is that it doesn't even require the website to be malicious, it could just be insecure, storing your password in plaintext. > Theoretically, if the password is stored in an encrypted state, is that enough for them to claim they could not even attempt it? If the password isn't stored in plaintext, but instead salted and hashed (not encrypted) then no one can get the original password from the database (unless they brute force it). But it doesn't mean that a malicious website won't store your password in plaintext anyway... Also, [relevant XKCD]( URL_0 ).


Question: Why is Catholicism so much bigger on imagery (physical representations of God, Jesus, saints, etc) compared to other religions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Catholicism so much bigger on imagery (physical representations of God, Jesus, saints, etc) compared to other religions?

Like some other people have said, most Christian sects and related religions (like Judaism and Islam) are largely against religious art, since they see it as a slippery slope to worshiping idols. The Catholic Church is different because during the middle ages, Western Europe had terribly low literacy rates, so pictures were used as reference material for teaching history and belief to the common people. A depiction of a saint, or a scene from the bible, was full of information and would help viewers learn and remember that information. So while other churches were willing to destroy their icons, the Catholics would have been giving up a valuable teaching tool, and felt it would hurt their followers to get rid of them.


Question: how can planes tell when they are being targeted by something?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how can planes tell when they are being targeted by something?

They have a device called a radar warning receiver that detects incoming radar beams. It can tell the difference between the long wavelength periodic sweeps of a search radar, and the rapid high-frequency pulses of a targeting radar, and the continuous high-power beam of a guidance radar.


Question: How do services like Spotify create personalized suggestions for each user?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do services like Spotify create personalized suggestions for each user?

They take music you listen to a lot, and use an algorithm to suggest music by similar artist or similar people. (For example, they would translate “if they listen to Rap God by Eminem suggest My Name is By Eminem” into JavaScript or whatever coding language they use


Question: How come the people in the world with disease ridden water just don't boil it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come the people in the world with disease ridden water just don't boil it?

Taken from the same thread 3 years ago : There are very few natural substances that need as much energy as water to heat up (i.e. that has a specific heat capacity as high as water). Boiling water requires a lot of energy! Where water is scarce, so is usually natural fuels as well.


Question: I have terrible vision, but sometimes if I blink hard enough, my vision goes crystal clear til I blink again. Why?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 I have terrible vision, but sometimes if I blink hard enough, my vision goes crystal clear til I blink again. Why?

As someone who's spent 4 years studying, researching and working clinically with eyeballs, here's my guess: You're likely forcing your focusing system to focus through as much blur as it possibly can, assuming that while you "blink enough" you're concentrating your gaze, at a single object or direction. Both your cornea and your crystalline lens will change shape in order for you to be able to focus; younger people, especially kids, have a much greater dynamic range for focusing then do older folks, so if you're young, that's probably most of it. If you know you have terrible vision, meaning a high prescription in one and or both eyes, you definitely should not do this. In that case, you'll probably get headaches if you do it enough. Just use glasses.


Question: Why are coastlines oftentimes self-similar fractals?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are coastlines oftentimes self-similar fractals?

Coastlines aren't self-similar. Self-similarity is an easy way to construct a fractal, but not all fractals need to be self-similar. In mathematics you're simply more likely to encounter self-similar fractals as it's way easier to describe them or work with them in a proof. Fractal itself just means a shape that doesn't stop being "bumby", no matter how much you zoom into it.


Question: Why is Reddit valued at "only" ~$1.8 billion, when less popular sites (e.g. Twitter) are worth many times more?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is Reddit valued at "only" ~$1.8 billion, when less popular sites (e.g. Twitter) are worth many times more?

Reddit isn't publicly traded (there hasn't been an IPO yet), so speculation can't inflate the value of the company like Twitter or Tesla. A company is basically worth how much people are willing to pay for shares of it, but you can't buy shares in Reddit yet. It's also not profitable, yet, which doesn't help.


Question: If it’s bad to pick pimples, why do facials offer “extractions”?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If it’s bad to pick pimples, why do facials offer “extractions”?

Because when you just pick pimples off you can tear and scar your facial tissue. Yet when you extract them, it's generally a safer way to open the pores in your skin and get it out that way.


Question: Why do things, when deformed in any way (cutting, crushing etc.), make sounds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do things, when deformed in any way (cutting, crushing etc.), make sounds?

Because sound is vibrating air, moving “stuff” also creates moving air, so when you cut an object it, along with the blade vibrate because the surface and object are not even, when crushing the folding and bending creates fast moving sections of the object and push out air that creates turbulence and therefore sound


Question: - Can seedless fruit plants only be grown by propagation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Can seedless fruit plants only be grown by propagation?

The seedless characteristic isn’t always *genetic*... well not exactly. It doesn’t evolve over time and get passed through generations, it pops up so the offspring of a plant with seeds is a plant without seeds. Plants are supposed to have 2 sets of chromosomes so they can pass on exactly half their DNA (which is exactly 1 set) to the next generation. The other parent provides 1 more set of chromosomes, and the other half of the DNA the child will inherit. Not too different from humans. Unlike humans, plants can survive with 3 sets of chromosomes and the only problem they have is inability to reproduce (no seeds). If you can find or make another “defective” seed with 3 sets of chromosomes, you can make another seedless plant from a plant with seeds. This is where they came from in the first place. In practice, yes, they are usually propagated, and this is can be an issue. Bananas are all so similar to each other that massive amounts of bananas are frequently wiped out by one disease they are all equally vulnerable to.