Question: Why are dots and dashes the only acceptable non-alphabetical/numerical characters in usernames on social media sites and message boards?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are dots and dashes the only acceptable non-alphabetical/numerical characters in usernames on social media sites and message boards?

In programming, certain characters are reserved as special characters. These characters vary by programming language, so it's easiest to just prohibit all of them. Why is this a problem? A lazy programmer might take the provided username and simply drop it right into their code. This means that a malicious user could create a username that intentionally makes the code do something it's not meant to do. This is called an "injection attack". And there are plenty of good non-malicious reasons too. For instance, the $ symbol looks like a capital S, so that presents issues with readability and username forgery.


Question: How come cash can make it through a cycle of laundry but paper (such as post-it notes) deteriorate?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come cash can make it through a cycle of laundry but paper (such as post-it notes) deteriorate?

Cash is not wood-based paper, it's actually a cotton/linen blend. It's closer to cloth than paper.


Question: If things with different mass fall at the same velocity, why do heavier things cause more 'damage' when they land?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If things with different mass fall at the same velocity, why do heavier things cause more 'damage' when they land?

Force = mass x acceleration As you point out, objects fall at the same rate, i.e. acceleration is constant. So, for falling objects, force is proportional to mass. Using your example, a 1 ton (1,000 kg) ball will hit with exactly 1,000 times more force than the 1kg ball.


Question: How can scientist acccurately determine when the last ice age occurred?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can scientist acccurately determine when the last ice age occurred?

Scientists combine data from many different sources to address estimate climate events from before we were around to record them. Imagine first the rings of an old tree. If you look at a cross section of the tree you can count back the years, and based in if the rings are big or small, you can estimate which years the tree grew a lot or a little. Some of the oldest climate data comes from ice drilled deep out of Antarctica. The ice in Antarctica forms in layers every season, and just like the rings of a tree, a cross section of the ice allows you to count back thousands of years. In this case scientist analyze bubbles of air trapped in that ice. The air and ice tells scientists the composition of the atmosphere when the ice formed and the approximate temperature. Now for something really wild, google "geomagnetic reversal" and you'll learn about how the iron in the rock forming on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean has created millions of years of records of how the magnetic field of the Earth has shifted over time.


Question: Where does all that muscle go in retired body builders?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where does all that muscle go in retired body builders?

It atrophies. It gets broken down by the body for sustenance. This applies to everybody, not just bodybuilders. Muscles that don't get used regularly disappear within weeks and months - they are expensive in upkeep after all.


Question: How do you burn off fat that’s been injected via plastic surgery?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you burn off fat that’s been injected via plastic surgery?

As long as cells are given what they need, generally they will stay alive, and work normally. This is why organ transplants are possible. Cells communicate via chemicals, which often flow through the whole body, reaching all cells. However, only specific cells react to each chemical, meaning each message is only read by the intended cells, wherever they are. So relocated fat cells may miss out on ‘local’ messages they would’ve gotten, but they’ll still react to general messages sent all through the body.


Question: Why are astronaut helmets mirrored on the outside?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are astronaut helmets mirrored on the outside?

They are designed to be reflective to a variety of potentially damaging forms of radiation - some of it within the visible light spectrum, which is why they appear to be mirrored.


Question: if sand is eroded rock caused by water then how are deserts made entirely of sand, but still some of the driest places on earth?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 if sand is eroded rock caused by water then how are deserts made entirely of sand, but still some of the driest places on earth?

Most if not all deserts were at one time under water.


Question: how do computers calculate pi?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do computers calculate pi?

Unless somebody is doing something silly, computers don't calculate pi. They already know what it is (just like you know it's at least 3.14, and lots of people know it's 3.14159 and a some people know it's 3.1415927 and a very few people know the next few hundred digits). Intel computer chips have an instruction to load the CPU's memorized value of pi.


Question: Why is it mathematically impossible to compress random numbers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it mathematically impossible to compress random numbers?

Because compression relies on there being a pattern that can be approximated. With a truly random number, by definition, there is no pattern. "105010501050105010501050" "1050X6" A program that knows that X6 means copy the string of numbers six times means you can compress that number down but lose no information. With a random number there is no pattern, no method in the numbers that can be abbreviated. It just is what it is.


Question: Why has natural selection not removed people with nut allergies, lactose intolerant and so on?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why has natural selection not removed people with nut allergies, lactose intolerant and so on?

Mammals in general are lactose intolerate; they only need to drink milk as infants, once they're done being weaned, they typically stop being able to tolerate lactose. Most humans are lactose intolerant, and becoming able to eat lactose as an adult is a relatively NEW adaptation, mostly present in groups in northern latitudes where milk was an important resource. Allergies are an effect on an over active immune system, responding to a harmless allergen as if it were a dangerous allergen. If your immune system was *weak* you'd be dead, so our strong immune system is the end result of a long history of selection for a *stronger* immune system. People who die of a peanut allergy are basically a glitch, but their deaths are insufficient to impact population growth.


Question: If a person dies while they're in debt, does the next of kin have to pay their obligations and what happens if they dont?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If a person dies while they're in debt, does the next of kin have to pay their obligations and what happens if they dont?

What kind of debt? A mortgage? A loan? What kind of loan? Secured? Unsecured?


Question: Why are some metals/plastics/papers recyclable and others are not?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some metals/plastics/papers recyclable and others are not?

All metals are recyclable as they can all be melted down, paper must be separated and if it's wax impregnated like in the case of cups or milk cartons it takes more energy to separate the wax from the paper than it is worth. Thermal plastics like milk jugs can easily be melted down but must be separated. If your recycling center doesn't separate plastics then most likely it is being downcycled into a lower grade product like carpet. Thermoset plastics, on the other hand are much more difficult to recycle since they are created by mixing two components together and don't readily melt, they burn instead. Glass fiber reinforced plastic also makes it less recyclable


Question: How does this work? Gif link in description.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does this work? Gif link in description.

This is a variation of the [missing square puzzle]( URL_0 ). The top if the 1 block doesn't perfectly align with the bottoms of the 2,3 and 4 blocks. There is actually a small gap between them, whose area is about the same as block 6's area. When you move them around you close the gap leaving extra room for block 6.


Question: Why do lips get drier the more you lick them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do lips get drier the more you lick them?

by liking the lips you remove the fat layer that protects them from outside, exposing them to a faster evaporation.


Question: Why do so many American TV shows & movies film in Canada? Does Canada look more "American" than the actual USA?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do so many American TV shows & movies film in Canada? Does Canada look more "American" than the actual USA?

Our urban environments look identical to yours.... and there are numerous companies in Toronto, Vancouver that specialize in providing cars, police cruisers, ambulances etc. with big American city decals, providing USA Today newspaper kiosks, USPO mail boxes etc... our provincial and federal governments give huge tax breaks to film and tv production companies, our major cities have world-class film studios, our actors and actresses already can do most American style accents and for clothing extras, really we wear the same shit that you guys do. When a US film crew needs to film a downtown city street in say New York or Chicago, both of those fine cities have film and tv relation offices. To close a major city street costs you $$$$. But.. with the exception of architectural or film purist nerds who can actually spot the difference, a downtown Toronto or Vancouver street looks enough alike that it makes no difference. And to close one of our streets will cost a lot less. Oh, and with the exchange rate being what it is, American productions can afford it that little bit extra more.


Question: How does after-hours stock trading work? How can you trade when the market's not open?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does after-hours stock trading work? How can you trade when the market's not open?

There are smaller trading platforms and you can trade among others on that platform, rather than the whole market as a whole. So if your brokerage uses one particular platform you might only be able to trade with 5 or 10% of potential traders. The smaller supply/demand pool means more volatility.


Question: Why does a pink band appear on the horizon at sunset?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does a pink band appear on the horizon at sunset?

Light diffusion through large amounts of air. Closer you get to sunset the more air the light has to diffuse through. This will help explain a bit about the amount of diffusion. URL_0


Question: how does talk shows work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does talk shows work?

Talk shows have workers called "bookers". Their job is to find guests to be one the show. One way to do this is call the agents of the people you want to have on the show. Talk the agent into the notion that their client appearing on the show would be good PR, and they might agree to do it. Similarly, if a new movie is coming out, the producers will call bookers and try to get the actors onto shows where they can plug the movie. Most of the time, no money is involved. In some special cases, like experts, the bookers pay people to come and explain something to the audience.


Question: How does the embezzlement scheme in the movie/musical ‘The Producers’ work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the embezzlement scheme in the movie/musical ‘The Producers’ work?

Say it costs $100k to put on a show. I borrow that from an investor promising them 50% of the profits. So if I make $200k they get their $100k back and $50k as their profit share. That’s a great return. But if I make $0, they get nothing back but can write off that loss so pay less taxes elsewhere. So they won’t whinge too much and the IRS accepts the tax write off. Now- say I offer the same deal to 10 different investors. The show still only costs $100k to put on so I’ve just made $900k. When I then tell each of the 10 that I made no money, they each shrug and write it off to tax. The problem is that each investor isn’t told about the others so they’re all expecting $50k in my $200k profits because the show is a success. So now I owe them all their 100k, plus another $500k for the profits out of my $200k. I’m $400k in the hole (as I still also have to pay for the show to be put on) and I only get deeper the more successful the show becomes. (Edit: typed 59 rather than 50 in para 2.)


Question: How do programmers for large software or AAA video games manage to create one unified, compatible whole when each programmer may code with different logic and work on different parts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do programmers for large software or AAA video games manage to create one unified, compatible whole when each programmer may code with different logic and work on different parts?

If there's 100 engineers on a project, it's going to be split into many modules, and each person (or a couple people) has responsibility for their own module. Of course, you can't program in a vacuum, you will interact with other people's sections. So like flyingjam says, you use a published API for your part, and that's how others call your code, and this needs to be well documented. Many companies also have coding standards, which describe how to name variables, how big a function can be, how complicated a single line of code can be, where to put the API description, etc. But yes, a bigger project can take longer to do than just simply multiplying the time it takes to do a small one by the difference in size with the bigger one. All that extra communication requires more testing and more meetings. And you occasionally still end up with something like that spacecraft that crashed into Mars because one group was using English units and another group was using metric.


Question: How do white blood cells recognize 'harmful' organisms to attack those?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do white blood cells recognize 'harmful' organisms to attack those?

Immune cells have receptors that detect something that *shouldn't* be there. Different immune cells have different receptors, such as how macrophages have a macrophage mannose receptor, but others don't. Alternatively, all body cells have a specific protein on their surface that's basically a "Hi I'm friendly don't eat me". When a macrophage or neutrophil or whatever bumps into something that doesn't have that protein, they nom it. Note that when a cell is infected, they cease to produce that protein, which makes them targets for Killer Cells, which inject a catalyst that makes the cell undergo apoptosis aka cell suicide,


Question: Why do most white fabrics turn almost entirely see-through when wet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do most white fabrics turn almost entirely see-through when wet?

According to articles like [this one,]( URL_0 ) apparently it's because light reflects within the liquid, which causes less light to reach the eyes.


Question: How does a company like Uber, which at first glance appears to have minimal operating costs, fail to turn a profit year after year?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a company like Uber, which at first glance appears to have minimal operating costs, fail to turn a profit year after year?

They're not trying to make profits, they're looking for a monopoly so they give out discounts and promotions and lose money in an effort to outlive their competition and then make a profit when they're the only ones around. The investors keep pouring money into it because otherwise the company fails and they lose everything they've invested so far. It just doesn't work like normal companies !


Question: When you sell a stock, who is actually giving you the money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When you sell a stock, who is actually giving you the money?

Another shareholder. Just because you no longer perceive that share to have your desired value doesn't mean that someone else agrees with you. Remember a share valuation is based on any perceived chance of its price going up, which is a reflection of several things: the perceived value of all of its current assets net of obligations and debt, PLUS the current value of any future stock splits, dividends and revenues. Someone may see something in that company's future that you don't . To use your example of Sears, the company may be closing stores, but there is still _value_ there. They still have 400+ physical stores (which they might own outright so $$) and warehouses full of inventory to liquidate. Though at this point there isn't _much_ value. And it remains murky how an average shareholder would get anything out of their current liquidation course.


Question: how does sleep cure bloodshot eyes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does sleep cure bloodshot eyes?

Optician here. Your eyes have a tear film on the surface that keeps them hydrated and oxidized. Throughout the day, your eyes get dry and bloodshot from heat, cold, wind, smoke, pollution, allergies, etc. When you sleep, your closed eyelids allow your tear film to rehydrate your cornea for several hours and provide plenty of oxygen to your tired blood vessels. Your entire body goes through restorative processes in your sleep, and your eyes do too.


Question: How do probiotics stay alive inside pills when they go from the place they're manufactured to when you take them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do probiotics stay alive inside pills when they go from the place they're manufactured to when you take them?

Spores. Some bacteria are really good at building spores around themselves, desiccating themselves and basically going into suspended animation.


Question: How does your heart know to beat faster when you're physically active?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does your heart know to beat faster when you're physically active?

Adrenaline (epinephrine) and nor-adrenaline (nor-epinephrine). Nor-adrenaline is released by nerves, in order to communicate with other organs, so we call it a neurotransmitter. It does things like increase the rate of the pacemaker cells in your heart (every normal heartbeat starts with a signal from the pacemaker cells in the SA node of the heart), increase the force of contraction in the heart, dilate pupils (to let in more light, for better detail vision), divert blood flow away from the gut, and to the adrenal glands on the kidneys to release adrenaline. Adrenaline does the same as nor-adrenaline, but we call it a hormone, not a neurotransmitter, because it is released from a gland into the bloodstream, rather than from a nerve cell into a synapse. Synapses are small, and immediate. The nerve sends a signal, something happens, and then shortly afterwards stops. If a hormone is in the blood, it lasts longer, and has a global effect, on muscles, lungs, heart, brain, etc. So once the adrenaline is running through your blood stream, your heart rate stays high, even after you've stopped exercising, and takes some time to return to baseline.


Question: Why do really really hot things feel really cold on our body?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do really really hot things feel really cold on our body?

The first signal your brain gets upon sensing a temperature is, "Hey! There is a temperature over here." You need to examine the temperature to determine its nature. The thing you feel is neither hot or cold, but the preamble to temperature.


Question: Why do airplanes have double-pronged audio jacks?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do airplanes have double-pronged audio jacks?

I suspect there's also the opportunity to make you use, and charge you for, their headset instead of your own.


Question: Why do ice rinks need brine, if the salt would just melt the ice?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do ice rinks need brine, if the salt would just melt the ice?

The brine has a lower freezing point and is cooled below 0°C, lower than freshwater freeze at. This brine is pumped through pipes set into the concrete floor of the rink under the ice. This cools the concrete to below freshwater freezing temperatures and so keeps the ice frozen. The brine water never comes into contact with the ice you skate on. Edit: oh also this is how the ice gets there in the first place. They chill, using brine water, the bare floor to below freezing. Then use deionised water, which sets clear, in thin layers to build up the ice to about an inch thick.


Question: What causes us to randomly think about people or things from many years ago that we don’t regularly think about?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes us to randomly think about people or things from many years ago that we don’t regularly think about?

There's a common perception that memories are like books in a library where you can go directly to the right section and pull out the memory. However, memory is stored more like long threads of yarn. You have to find the thread end to unravel the memory associated with it. Many of these threads will have their ends hidden or stuffed somewhere it is difficult to find. When you don't use a memory often, it can get pushed to the back of your mind. When your mind wanders, sometimes you end up strolling into those abandoned areas and find an end to pull, unraveling old thoughts. Another way is through associated memories. If a smell or other sense pulls some memories out, those threads may be connected to other older threads. Sometimes, it exposes an old thread end that was buried deep in your mind for you to pull at.


Question: Why is there such a long wait list for organ transplants?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is there such a long wait list for organ transplants?

There are more transplants needed than there are organs available. And an organ doesnt just have to be available, it has to be the right match.


Question: Where do words like "nonetheless" and "notwithstanding" come from, where we combine several words to create a new one?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where do words like "nonetheless" and "notwithstanding" come from, where we combine several words to create a new one?

English is a Germanic language, and Germanic languages often use compounding to create new words. Although compounding has gotten less fashionable in English over the last 1500 years, it's still very much the norm in other Germanic languages like German, Dutch, Scandinavian languages etc. Most of English's compound words have been in the language for 1000 years so most English speakers just accept them without thinking that they are actually just a group of words crammed together. Some examples from Old English (with modern spelling to help make the compound clear), Bedrider - a person who is lying down. Still exists in modern English as bedridden. Butterfly Bathhouse Barefoot Deathbed Dragnet Alderman - Literally "older man", meaning a leader or governor Alehouse Landlord and so on, there's dozens of these compounds. But in fact, Old English had many more, such as: Oilberry - Olive Ghostgift - A divine blessing Fornicationhouse - A brothel Dayshield - awning or canopy Handboard - the palm of your hand Leadman - a guide Landrest - a grave Lyingteam - sex. The word team could mean family.


Question: Why is T.V. static black and white fuzz instead of just a solid color?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is T.V. static black and white fuzz instead of just a solid color?

Analog TV signals were originally black-and-white, so both the "snow" and the picture were all black-and-white. When color became available, a color signal was added to the transmission both in the visible picture shown on the screen, and also with a short hidden "burst" of color at the beginning of each line to ensure that the colors are in synchronization and correct. Color TVs detect this synchronization signal. If it isn't present, the color circuits are turned off by a "color killer" circuit. Otherwise a weak black-and-white transmission would have colored "snow", nicknamed "confetti" in the industry. This would be very distracting and make for unpleasant viewing of black-and-white broadcasts on a color TV. When you tune to a channel with no signal, random noise is amplified and appears as dots on the screen. Because there is no color sync signal in the random noise, the TV turns off the color circuitry and you see black-and-white "snow". A weak analog color signal will have confetti in color, but if it's just random noise with no signal at all the color circuits are disabled. Modern digital TV signals use a totally different process and if there's no signal present the TV set itself puts up an error screen or simply goes black.


Question: Why does organized crime develop and why can’t it be eradicated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does organized crime develop and why can’t it be eradicated?

Because it's organized. Organized crime, unlike random, chaotic, disorganized crime, relies on a corporate-like hierarchy and corruption. You need to buy influence with the people running the show, especially politicians and law enforcement. You also need to earn favor with the locals because if people hate you, they'll rat you out. If they actually like you and see you as doing some good and giving back, they'll protect you. The most successful crime organizations bought influence everywhere it counted, maintained a leveled system of rank where hard work, trust, doing what you're told, not asking too many questions, and being reliable earns you promotion while the people who failed in any of those categories went missing or otherwise experienced unfortunate "accidents."


Question: How much of a role does body fat percentage play in the length of time before death by starvation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How much of a role does body fat percentage play in the length of time before death by starvation?

A huge role. In fact, Angus Barbieri went 382 days without eating, of course he weighed 456 pounds when he started. URL_1 or URL_0 for the scientific study. You wouldn't be able to do that if you were starting out at 10% body fat.


Question: What is the difference between Music and Sound/Noise?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between Music and Sound/Noise?

This is a controversial answer but it’s the truth: **there is no objective difference.** One man’s music is another man’s noise. While we can work backwards and figure out what happens in music we like, even nail down specific patterns that we like, there is no constant thread on Earth that will unify everyone’s idea of what music is or can be. Artistic intent is not a factor. Harmony and even consonance is not necessary. Melody and singability don’t matter. Whether it’s even has to be audible is up for debate. Trying to answer the question of “what separates music from noise” is a fool’s errand.


Question: Why do plugged in chargers, which aren't connected to anything, still draw power?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do plugged in chargers, which aren't connected to anything, still draw power?

The charger itself has circuitry that needs to be powered. It's very little, though. Mostly just to detect when something has been plugged in so it can turn on. Much like a TV needs to be on to read the "turn on" signal from the remote.


Question: If I had a teleporter and would teleport with a telescope and a space suit to a place in space which is 5 light seconds away would I be able to see myself teleport?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If I had a teleporter and would teleport with a telescope and a space suit to a place in space which is 5 light seconds away would I be able to see myself teleport?

If it was a magic teleporter that got you there instantly then yes (and presumably you could do the same with a wormhole, which would make physics professors cry somewhat less). It’d need to be a *really* good telescope though; 5 light seconds is about 3x the distance from earth to the moon and you’d be rather tiny at that distance.


Question: What does it mean when a business owner ‘writes off’ an expense, and how does it work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What does it mean when a business owner ‘writes off’ an expense, and how does it work?

Businesses taxes are determined based on profits. A business brings in X in revenue, spends Y on payroll, machinery, office supplies, wholesale inventory, consultants, rent, etc. X-Y=profit and that is what's taxed. Maybe a business owner wants to take a vacation to Hawaii. Most people pay for that with salary from their job, which has already been taxed. A business owner finds a conference in Hawaii related to his company's field and chooses to attend, tacking on some time after the conference for vacation. Because the trip is business-related, he can count its cost (or least some of it) toward his business expenses for the year, reducing the profits his business has to pay taxes on. He also, can pay himself less in income -- reducing his taxable income -- since his vacation didn't come out of his personal income, but instead was business expense. Business owners often do the same with cars, leasing a vehicle through the business vs. buying or leasing one personally.


Question: Why do bank payments/transfers take one or more business days to process?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do bank payments/transfers take one or more business days to process?

At it's simplest, it works like this: 1. Your bank locks a certain amount of funds in your account. 2. Your bank does a bunch of security/regulatory/tax things in preparation for the transfer. 3. Your bank batches the details of your payment up with other payments to other accounts at the same destination bank and notifies the other bank of the entire batch of payments in one go. Depending on the banks involved this may happen anywhere from every other day up to twenty times in one day or more. 4. The receiving bank, upon receiving this notification does its own security/regulatory/tax things in preparation for the transfer. They may do this right away, or they may do it in a regular schedule (ie process all the notifications from all the banks once every couple of hours). 5. The two banks net their position against each other (That is, they offset payments from bank a to bank b against payments from bank b to bank a and figure out the difference). They agree which bank owes the other bank more so that the bank owing more can just transfer the difference, rather than both banks transferring the full amount. 6. Settlement occurs. The locked money is deducted from your account, the net is transferred between the banks using an instantaneous, non reversible mechanism, and the money is deposited in the account on the other end. This step all happens more or less instantaneously. The reason for delays is the time taken to set up the transaction (ie steps 2 - 5). International transfers or transfers via a third party payment processor like a credit card company may need to go thorough these steps multiple times as the sending bank doesn't have the kind of instantaneous mechanism with the receiving bank it needs to settle, so they must work through a number of intermediaries or clearing houses.


Question: How does Decaf coffee work? Like isn’t caffeine naturally in the Coffea plant?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does Decaf coffee work? Like isn’t caffeine naturally in the Coffea plant?

There is indeed caffeine in coffee beans. And when you brew coffee you extract all the caffeine with the flavors and colors in the beans. But there are some solvents which will only dissolve caffeine and not any of the flavors and colors in the beans. So if you brew using these solvents instead of ordinary boiling water then you only get the caffeine. What you are left with is coffee beans with all its flavors and colors but with only trace amounts of caffeine.


Question: Every article I read about ear pain during airplane's descent was saying that the reason of that is pressure change. However in modern airplanes the cabin is fully sealed and pressurized. So what is the reason of bad in ear pain?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Every article I read about ear pain during airplane's descent was saying that the reason of that is pressure change. However in modern airplanes the cabin is fully sealed and pressurized. So what is the reason of bad in ear pain?

The cabin pressure isn't the same as atmospheric pressure at sea level, it's a bit less. The pressure is kept at what it would be somewhere between 6000 and 8000 feet, which is enough to cause things like ear pain but not enough to have serious medical effects.


Question: An actual five year old probably wouldn't understand this but how come irrational numbers can never repeat or be fractioned?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 An actual five year old probably wouldn't understand this but how come irrational numbers can never repeat or be fractioned?

Irrational doesn't mean there are no repetitions whatsoever - that would be impossible. When you write a rational number as a decimal fraction, you either get a finite fraction (such as 0.12) or an infinitely repeating fraction (such as 0.12121212...). With an irrational number, if you write it as a decimal fraction, then you won't get a part that repeats infinitely. For example, the number 0.01001000100001000001... has a lot of repetitions, but isn't infinitely repeating fraction, so it is irrational.


Question: How do torches burn so long?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do torches burn so long?

They are coated with a petroleum or tar substance which is what burns. Here is a fun experiment: get a metal tray and some cotton balls. Try burning a cotton ball. Now dip one is rubbing alcohol and light it. Burns hot and fast, eh? Now smear some Vaseline on one and light it. Now it burns a long time. Kind of sooty but long lasting.


Question: When swimming in ocean water, how does the body avoid overdosing on salt?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When swimming in ocean water, how does the body avoid overdosing on salt?

Our skin has very poor absorption. That gross feeling you get after swimming in the ocean, where it feels like your skin has shrunk down a size; that's the salt ON your skin. And you feel much better after you wash it off with fresh water. But the salt isn't absorbing through our skin. If I was a biology teacher & a student asked this in class, I'd take out all the whisky I has stashed in my desk, and fill up a tub. I'd make u soak in it for the entire period & tell me how drunk u were when the bell rang. Alcohol and salt are both suspended in water, but don't absorb through our skin. I'd then empty out my desk & start looking for a new job.


Question: How did pigeons/crows that were used for sending messages back in the day knew where to deliver it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did pigeons/crows that were used for sending messages back in the day knew where to deliver it?

Pigeons naturally remember where their nest is, and are able to find it by navigating the Earth's magnetic field. In order to send messages, you kept pigeons /away/ from home, and then released them. For example, imagine I am your friend. You want to be able to send me mail by pigeon. So I give you a couple pigeons I raised in my house, and you keep them in cages at your house. When you want to send me mail, you attach it to a pigeon you got from me, then release it. It will find its way home, which is where I am. And I get your letter! That is, unless the piegon gets eaten on the way here...


Question: - What is sweat equity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - What is sweat equity?

Equity is the ownership (or partial ownership) someone has in a business. They usually gain this ownership share by contributing capital (money) to the business – basically they’re purchasing a share of the ownership. Sweat equity is the work someone puts into a business (i.e. their labour), instead of money. Typically in return for their sweat equity, they will gain an ownership share of the business. Many small businesses start this way: one or more people contribute capital, and one or more contribute their skills, knowledge, or labour (sweat equity). Note, sometimes sweat equity is used informally for an employee (or anyone else) who puts in hard work but does not have an ownership share.


Question: Why does insulin have to be given as an injection?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does insulin have to be given as an injection?

The stomach acid would destroy the drug and it wouldn't be absorbed properly. Injection into the body directly bypasses that destructive process and keeps it intact.


Question: What are banked curves / turns?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are banked curves / turns?

It means the outside of the curve is raised up in elevation, putting that section of road at an angle to reduce the risk of sliding off due to the centrifugal forces involved when taking turns at high speeds.


Question: How does a running start help you jump higher than normal?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a running start help you jump higher than normal?

Farther sure, higher though? I'm not so sure about


Question: At what point is "having information on someone and they're willing to settle for an undisclosed amount outside of court" different than blackmail?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 At what point is "having information on someone and they're willing to settle for an undisclosed amount outside of court" different than blackmail?

I'm not a legal expert, but "outside of court" is a specific term that means lawyers are involved, and official agreement is made and signed by all parties, it just doesn't go to trial (decision is agreed upon, not made by judge / jury). There's an end; the "problem" is "resolved". Blackmail, on the other hand, there's no end in sight; the blackmailer always uses whatever information they have to hook you even more, get MORE blackmail material on you (every illegal thing you do to appease the blackmailer is something they use to blackmail you even more).


Question: Why does the sun bleach some things, but make other things (us) darker?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the sun bleach some things, but make other things (us) darker?

Our bodies make a natural sunscreen called melanin. Melanin darkens our skin not the sun. Someone else can tackle sent why colors fade.


Question: how come we have updated data transferring cords like USB, but we haven't updated telephone cords for mainline internet connection?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how come we have updated data transferring cords like USB, but we haven't updated telephone cords for mainline internet connection?

We have, first it was ISDN, and later DSL. But copper lines are two unshielded, untwisted wires. It's primitive technology, and DSL already squeezes everything that can be had from it, and that only if the line isn't too long, and there's no interfering equipment on the line. Also, unless you're on DSL, that's not a phone cord, that's an ethernet cable. It's a different thing entirely, there's more wires in it, there's often shielding, it's twisted pair, and speed went from 10 Mbps to 1000 Mbps on it in consumer tech.


Question: How do countries like the US and U.K. know how much money to print each year?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do countries like the US and U.K. know how much money to print each year?

Have you ever seen the movie Mad Money? Basically, Fed regulates it. Banks around the country send them something called "Mutilated" money. These are the dollar bills that should never see the light of day again. They are just replaced with newer bills and destroyed.


Question: Why do we need water to survive? What happens on a microscopic/cellular(?) level when we're dehydrated?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we need water to survive? What happens on a microscopic/cellular(?) level when we're dehydrated?

> Why do we need water to survive? Humans need water for circulation, respiration, and converting food to energy. After oxygen, water is the body's most important nutrient. ... Your body loses water constantly through sweat, urine, and even breathing. You must replace the water your body loses for your organs to continue to work properly. > What happens on a microscopic/cellular(?) level when we're dehydrated? By the time you feel thirsty your body is already dehydrated; our thirst mechanism lags behind our actual level of hydration. Research shows that as little as 1 percent dehydration negatively affects your mood, attention, memory and motor coordination. Data in humans is lacking and contradictory, but it appears that brain tissue fluid decreases with dehydration, thus reducing brain volume and temporarily affecting cell function. As you 'lose' body water without replacing it, your blood becomes more concentrated and, at a point, this triggers your kidneys to retain water. The result: you urinate less. The thicker and more concentrated your blood becomes, the harder it is for your cardiovascular system to compensate by increasing heart rate to maintain blood pressure. When your dehydrated body is 'pushed' – such as when exercising or faced with heat stress – the risk of exhaustion or collapse increases. This can cause you to faint, for instance, when you stand up too quickly. Less water also hampers the body’s attempts at regulating temperature, which can cause hyperthermia (a body temperature greatly above normal). At a cellular level, 'shrinkage' occurs as water is effectively borrowed to maintain other stores, such as the blood. The brain senses this and triggers an increased sensation of thirst.


Question: Is there an advantage to using the Imperial System of measurement instead of the Metric System?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Is there an advantage to using the Imperial System of measurement instead of the Metric System?

No advantage to the imperial. The changes are arithmetic only. The metric system being standardised in orders of magnitude makes it significantly easier to remember. It's worth pointing out they are (were?) both standardised. The difference is one is standardised in a much more user friendly way. Look at these two Imperial units list [this] ( URL_0 ) and [this] ( URL_2 ). These are *slightly* different from the ones the US uses, but comparable enough for this (it's a bit like the difference between US English and correct English :P ) Now look at [this]( URL_1 ) This one is much easier to remember.


Question: Why can we hear sound on the lower end of the spectrum clearer through walls but the higher stuff is blocked?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can we hear sound on the lower end of the spectrum clearer through walls but the higher stuff is blocked?

Sound is a pushing and pulling wave. Walls are heavy, so you have to push for a long time to get them to move. High pitch sounds push and pull much faster, so the wall doesn't shake as much. This means that walls shake much more with lower frequencies, and so they pass on the sound to the air on the other side. Edit: To add to this, higher pitched noises bounce around instead of going through things for this reason.


Question: Why is it that windows sometimes slows down when handling specific files?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that windows sometimes slows down when handling specific files?

Sometimes the information about each file (meta data) is stored on several different parts of your storage device. For HDDs, it can be slow to move the magnetic head to read all of this data.


Question: How can a spacecraft "bounce" off the atmosphere?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can a spacecraft "bounce" off the atmosphere?

It's not really bouncing. It's just that the spacecraft will not be slowed enough by the atmosphere to re-enter. If it enters at a shallow enough angle, the drag caused by its initial entry will not be enough to ensure the spacecraft descends to the ground rather than just continuing off into space.


Question: Why do abscesses have to be drained in order to fight infection?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do abscesses have to be drained in order to fight infection?

They don't typically unless they are large, painful or in a particularly troublesome area. Abscesses are filled with pus and pus is mostly dead white blood cells and tissue debris. If the infection is defeated then the pus will be filtered out and recycled normally. If the infection is still going then a big ball of puss isn't helping fight the infection off and your body is still flooding the area so it isn't leaving on its own. Enough pus can be applying pressure that limits your bodies ability to fight the infection off. So some abscesses will heal faster and have less chance of complication if they are drained of pus and kept clear so that new tissue can regrow more easily when the infection passes.


Question: Why do special effects in movies and tv shows cost so much? Isn't it just using a program they already own?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do special effects in movies and tv shows cost so much? Isn't it just using a program they already own?

Buying the program is cheap. Using it takes time. The time of many highly skilled people...


Question: Why is it that when our noses are blocked food tastes bland/different?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that when our noses are blocked food tastes bland/different?

Your nose and mouth are connected and part of our taste actually comes from the scent of the food itself. That why onions, garlic, basil, oregano, etc. are know as "aeromatics" they bring a smell into the food as much as taste to help bring more flavor to everything


Question: when we drink water in space, is there gravity inside our body, as in, does the water go down?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 when we drink water in space, is there gravity inside our body, as in, does the water go down?

The peristalsis (squeezing movement) along the digestive tract will work regardless of gravity/ direction of the body