Question: How does the crease-free setting of a dryer work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the crease-free setting of a dryer work?

All the most common "crease-free" setting does is keep the temperature up in the dryer and spins the drum back and forth once a minute or so - in order to stop the clothes from settling in one spot and forming creases. It just buys you some extra time between when the clothes are dried (i.e the main cycle) and when you need to take them out the drier. It is a terrible waste of electricity though.


Question: Could a history buff explain to me exactly what the IRA is?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Could a history buff explain to me exactly what the IRA is?

English person answering here ( anyone from Ireland who can correct me please do) Basically quite a while ago we English decided we wanted Ireland and that the people who lived there were all peasants. We then occupied a goodly portion of the country, murdered a shitload of people who didn't like us being there, and were just generally dickheads. The Old IRA was founded around the end the 1st world war, they lead a 2 year revolution against the British army which lead to the formation of the RoI. We English did not appreciate "our" land being taken (back), so we kept on being dickheads for 50 years or so. In the late 60s "the troubles" began with a series of bombings that the IRA were accused of (I believe it was another group trying to blame them but forgot who) and rioting across northern Ireland. Catholic communities in particular were damaged during these riots. The British army response was violent, people were gassed, beaten, and shot. After rioting was quelled the British army started a ~40 year operation to sort of segregate communities between protestants and catholics. Generally speaking this was not a peaceful affair on either side and to brand them terrorists is somewhat excessive. So the IRA started as an official army who lead a war of independence. This army split as not all agreed britain should keep NI and then a civil war was fought. They sort of just chilled until the troubles as far as I'm aware and then they responded to british military, somewhat exuberantly but lets face it no one looks good there. There's some disagreement about who is the true IRA now, I encourage you to try and learn more.


Question: Why do some headphones have a frequency response of 40KHz even though human hearing range is only 20KHz at best?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some headphones have a frequency response of 40KHz even though human hearing range is only 20KHz at best?

I can only think of two reasons; 1. A bunch of 'headroom' above and below what we can hear means no compression is needed. 2. I suspect its simply a marketing ploy.


Question: Why do different cooking methods have such a big impact on taste?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do different cooking methods have such a big impact on taste?

Cooking is a method of change. The chemical makeup of the meat (or other food) changes at different rates for the different amounts of heat applied, for different lengths, through different methods. Also, the simmering meat will have the heat dissipated from the outside in through a liquid and a hot surface, hardening the exterior and keeping a lot more of the flavorful chemicals (juice) inside the meat. The oven baked meat has the heat hitting all sides through a hot surface and hot air. This will cause the internal temp to be more even throughout the whole joint resulting in different texture as well as flavor.


Question: how can doctors put a time limit as little as hours on a person who is sick/dying?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how can doctors put a time limit as little as hours on a person who is sick/dying?

Death has a fairly predictable pattern, but it really is just an educated guess. It's like looking at a tire on a car and seeing a belt coming though. By how much belt is visible, experience can predict if the tire can be over inflated and given till next month, make it till the end of the week or you better change it now, otherwise your walking. An event on the road can cut the best case estimate to end immediately.


Question: Why is airplane mode necessary on airplanes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is airplane mode necessary on airplanes?

Airplanes have lots of radios in the cockpit. They use them both to communicate, and to navigate (guide the plane through the sky, and down to the ground at the airport). When another radio on board (such as a cell phone) transmits at full strength, it can interfere with the radio reception for the aircraft's radios. Most commonly you will hear this as a slightly annoying chirping in the headset of the pilot. Sometimes it will cause the GPS to lose lock on the satellites. (I had this happen when I was sitting copilot in a small jet once while approaching an airport.) In good weather, this is just a minor annoyance. In poor weather, this can cause an extra distraction to the flight crew when they need it least. So they ask that passengers turn their radio transmitters off (put phones in airplane mode) to avoid this issue. Newer radios in commercial airliners have good enough noise rejection to avoid being impacted by this (as cell phones and navigation radios work on different frequencies), but many planes have older equipment which is not as good at avoiding issues, and most pilots adopt the conservative "once bitten twice shy" philosophy (and rightly so). Airlines which allow the use of cell phones in flight have done enough flights with their particular aircraft and radio set up to know that they tend not to have any problems of this type.


Question: How did we figure out how cold absolute zero is?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did we figure out how cold absolute zero is?

Plot the volume of a gas (constant mass) against it's temperature. As you decrease the temperature the volume will start approaching zero. The temperature where you would expect an ideal gas to have zero volume is very close to -273C. & #x200B; And of course, the more complicated the gas, the more it will deviate from this trend, hence why helium, the most ideal of all real gasses, is the gas we can get closest to absolute zero.


Question: Where do spam emails get your email address from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where do spam emails get your email address from?

Places you've signed up can sell your email address to other marketers. Just like in the past places you'd given your address were able to sell your mailing address to marketers.


Question: How does investing work, and what reasons would you have to encourage more people to do it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does investing work, and what reasons would you have to encourage more people to do it?

You basically put money into investment goods. You buy parts of a company, or so called derivates, that are for example options to buy something later. The reason why so many people try to encourage it has 3 aspects. First the platforms make money by taking fees. Then other traders enjoy inexperienced competition they can draw money from, and third companies like investments because it helps them expand.


Question: Why do sharp objects cut?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do sharp objects cut?

Imagine you press your hand into something soft, like some styrofoam. Your hand compresses the foam a bit because it's applying pressure over the area of your hand. Imagine your hand was smaller, like if you pressed a finger. You might be able to push it further into the foam block than before. That's because you're applying the same amount of force over a smaller area. Now imagine you could concentrate the force of your hand into a very small area. That's effectively the purpose of a knife. Since the area is so small you don't need to apply much force at all in order to force it into the material you're cutting.


Question: Does alcohol gel cause any effects on hands if used daily?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does alcohol gel cause any effects on hands if used daily?

It can dry the skin out and cause cracks, so keep some hand cream on hand to use throughout the day as well :)


Question: How come If u wait too long to eat your appetite goes away?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come If u wait too long to eat your appetite goes away?

Hunger is caused by the hormone ghrelin. When the hormone wears off (or we eat) we stop being hungry. We develop a natural ghrelin cycle, based on our usual times in which we eat. You're not hungry in the morning because you haven't eaten, you're hungry in the morning because you usually eat in the morning, your body expects it, and releases ghrelin at that time to reinforce the cycle. People who routinely skip breakfast (or any meal) usually stop getting hungry around that time, as their body's ghrelin cycle adapts to when it usually eats. No ghrelin, no hunger, to an extent. Carbs release insulin into your body, insulin triggers the release of ghrelin, which is why the old saying of being hungry an hour after eating Chinese food exists. Fighting through the feelings of hunger means ignoring your ghrelin cycle. Once it passes, you're not hungry any more until the next phase in the cycle comes.


Question: How can soap be moisturizing if it’s removing oil from you skin?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can soap be moisturizing if it’s removing oil from you skin?

You are correct on how soaps is to generally clean and remove oils but moisturizing soaps cleanse the oils and includes replenishing elements like aloe or shea and includes formulas to help absorb the simplest form of moisture, water.


Question: When there is a severe drought, where does the water go? Growing up, we learned about the water cycle. There's still evaporation, but no rain? Does it rain more in other areas?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When there is a severe drought, where does the water go? Growing up, we learned about the water cycle. There's still evaporation, but no rain? Does it rain more in other areas?

It can rain more in other areas, or the weather may be so hot that water doesn't condense into rain as easily, so more water gets "stuck" as clouds.


Question: Why is it that when we feel sudden pain (like a sting) our hearing seems to amplify?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that when we feel sudden pain (like a sting) our hearing seems to amplify?

My guess, (not an expert) your body says "hey someones attacking us, focus" cuz adrenaline. Basically your whole body goes into defence/ready mode because it thinks it's in danger. I wpuldnt be surprised if your eyesight/smell/sense of balance get better immediately after that type of event


Question: What causes our body to all of a sudden spasm when we're about to fall asleep and why does this happen?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes our body to all of a sudden spasm when we're about to fall asleep and why does this happen?

A hypnagogic jerk is an involuntary muscle spasm that occurs as a person is drifting off to sleep. The phenomenon is so named in reference to the hypnagogic state — the transitional period between wakefulness and sleep. Hypnagogic jerks, are also commonly known as hypnic jerks or sleep starts. The muscle spasms may occur spontaneously or may be induced by sound, light or other external stimuli. Some people report hypnic jerks accompanied by hallucinations, dreams, the sensation of falling, or bright lights or loud noises coming from inside the head. Some scientists believe certain factors, such as stress, anxiety, fatigue, caffeine and sleep deprivation, may increase the frequency or severity of hypnic jerks, but conclusive research is lacking on the subject.


Question: How does a dehumidifier actually work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a dehumidifier actually work?

In many cases: just running a small air conditioner to cool down some air (colder air can hold a lot less water vapor than warmer air) and collecting the condensation in a bin.


Question: Why does sin^2 + cos^2 =1?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does sin^2 + cos^2 =1?

It's basically Pythagorean theorem (a^2 + b^2 = c^2 when talking about a triangle with a 90^o angle) hidden in plain sight. If you draw a circle with a radius of 1.00 with its centre at exactly the (0,0) centre of a graph's grid lines, then `cos(angle)` and `sin(angle)` are the `x` and `y` coordinates (respectively) of the spot on the circle at that angle. So if from the centre of the graph you go right `cos(angle)` and then up `sin(angle)` you'll be at a spot on the edge of the circle. But those movements make a 90 degree angle, with the hypotenuse of the triangle being the line from that spot on the circle back to the centre of the graph. That is exactly along the radius line of the circle, and it has a length of 1 because we said so at the beginning. So really it should be sin^2 + cos^2 = 1^2 but we all know 1^2 is 1.


Question: How come it is a recent discovery that water can get cooled down to -48 celcius (- 54 F) before freezing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come it is a recent discovery that water can get cooled down to -48 celcius (- 54 F) before freezing?

Thermodynamics phenomenon known as supercooling was discovered in 1724 by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit. It is important to mention that melting and freezing aren't the same, when you are warming up a substance (such as ice), it will always melt at 0 °C, 32 °F, 273.15 K (known as melting point of ice). But when cooling water down there need to be some "crystalization starters" known as *crystalline solids*. In the absence of them, the spontaneous formation of a large and regular structure from the disordered liquid is unlikely. By using very pure water and cooling it down, we can have it in liquid state without freezing, even below water melting point.


Question: How come a lot of movies right now (most notable examples being the Trolls movie and Onward) are instead being released straight to streaming services instead of just delaying the theatrical release?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come a lot of movies right now (most notable examples being the Trolls movie and Onward) are instead being released straight to streaming services instead of just delaying the theatrical release?

Films are produced on credit. You have all of your outgoings up front, and then after the film is released you start to get the income that hopefully offsets that spend, and then starts to make profit. If you're a mega company like Disney you can sometimes get away with delaying Mulan until theatres reopen, but even in that case they'll be paying huge interest on their loans in the meantime. Smaller film studios don't have that kind of flexibility. So you sell early to a streaming service for less than you'd get at a theatre, so that you can start paying back the loans now.


Question: Why does it hurt when alcohol is applied on a infected wound and wh does the wound heal faster that way?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does it hurt when alcohol is applied on a infected wound and wh does the wound heal faster that way?

Alcohol tricks receptors in your skin into releasing the same Nerochemical trigger as when you are being burned. So your body reacts by telling you it hurts. Alcohol actually doesn’t make a wound heal faster. It can damage the tissue and cause the wound to heal more slowly. However, the alcohol will disinfect the wound, so if the wound was dirty it may be a matter of the alcohol slows the healing to a lesser degree than the bacteria would have and gives the appearance of speeding up the process. It is not recommended to put alcohol or hydrogen peroxide on a wound though.


Question: How does a hash work (SHA256, MD5, etc)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
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- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a hash work (SHA256, MD5, etc)?

Heres the very dumbed down example: You have a password. Like "ABC". Turn the letters into numbers: "123". Now apply a formula to it, for example: "first number times 3rd number, plus second number times itself, plus third number times the first number plus the second." Thats the hash. So you get 1x3 + 2x2 + 3x1+2 = 3+4+5 = 12. Now, if someone steals the hashed password, all they get is "12". But how did they get to 12? Theres no way to know. Theres no way to work it backwards. Even if you know the hash, the best you can do is try EVERY password until you end up with 12. This is why simple passwords are easier to guess than complex ones.


Question: Why are tax havens mostly islands or small countries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are tax havens mostly islands or small countries?

The whole point of a tax haven is that taxes are much lower than anywhere else. If you tried to run a large country like that, you wouldn’t be able to pay for a military, social services, or other essential stuff. That’s why tax havens are usually in very safe places (no need for a military) and have small populations with a lot of rich people (no need for social spending).


Question: How come some metals rust and others don’t?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come some metals rust and others don’t?

Corrosion happens when a metal reacts with something. The most reactive "something" that most metals encounter is oxygen in the air, so most corrosion, including rust, is reaction with oxygen. A metal corrodes if oxygen is able to rip electrons off it. Oxygen is good at that. It can corrode copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, strontium...a whole list. But not everybody. Some metals have a strong enough grip on their electrons that oxygen can't pull them off. You can find those metals on a 'redox table' - they include gold, iridium and platinum. It's not a coincidence that many of them are metals we make jewelry out of - we do that because these metals stay shiny and bright. Here's a redox table. You can see at 0.40 volts, that's the reaction that corrodes most metals, when they get exposed to oxygen and moisture at the same time. Every metal lower than that will corrode just from being outdoors; metals above that are much harder to corrode and will often be found as bright, shiny nuggets, even if they've been in the ground for thousands or millions of years. URL_0


Question: What's the difference between an Electric Guitar and the ordinary kind?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between an Electric Guitar and the ordinary kind?

A normal guitar has strings that vibrate at a rate determined by their length and tension. This vibrates air directly but more importantly transfers vibration to the body of the guitar, causing the hollow interior to resonate and vibrate air. Vibrating air is sound. An electric guitar has "pickups" which are electromagnetic sensors that detect the movement of the guitar strings. The signal from those sensors is translated into movement of a speaker that produces sound. In an electric guitar the body of the instrument is not relevant to producing sound so it could basically be anything, as long as the length and tension of the strings is maintained.


Question: how did islands formed by volcanoes end up with so much viable soil and vegetation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how did islands formed by volcanoes end up with so much viable soil and vegetation?

Seeds show up on the wind and waves. Some plants can grow right in volcanic rock. As these eventually die and rot, their bodies become soil for other plants.


Question: What's the difference between interest rate and APR? And when does the difference matter?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between interest rate and APR? And when does the difference matter?

Interest is a part of and factors into the APR of an account - alongside service fees, yield, etc. Basically, don’t count on the interest rate being all you’ll accrue/gain. Always look at the APR for the big picture


Question: What would happen if you tried to land on Jupiter?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What would happen if you tried to land on Jupiter?

We don't know but my closest guess is (if you had an hipotetical spaceship that could handle the pressure) you would eventually reach a somewhat of an "ocean" made out of liquid gas since the pressure the closer to the nucleus gets more and more insane, maybe some solid gas in the very core?


Question: Why do phones have a time limit to how long they can stay underwater for? What happens to the phone after the time limit?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do phones have a time limit to how long they can stay underwater for? What happens to the phone after the time limit?

Phones that are water resistant are designed to have as small cracks between components as they can make. But there is still some small cracks where water can seep through. But as they are small this takes time. How fast the water enters the phone depends on the water pressure or if in air the humidity. The deeper you go the higher the pressure and the more water enters the phone. This water can damage components causing shortcircuits and corrode things over time. This is why even though a phone can resist water splashes or short underwater events it might get damaged by being left out in the rain.


Question: Why does the brain stop developing after your mid-20s?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the brain stop developing after your mid-20s?

Short answer is that it doesn't, it's just that most of the connections that are needed for you to survive have been made so less development is needed. However, brain plasticity (the brain re-wiring itself, changing in response to experiences) happens throughout life to a greater or lesser degree depending on how much 'mental exercise' you do.


Question: Why are some days hotter than others?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are some days hotter than others?

The planet's weather is guided by air and water currents. Day to day changes in temperature are caused primarily by the air currents, such as the Jet Stream in North America.This current of air which runs from West to East across the continent brings in low pressure systems (storm systems) that originated over the Pacific ocean. As well as moves high pressure (dry weather) ridges over the country. Most commonly, low pressure systems dip from NW to SE in the US, and with them, they bring a line of unstable air and most times, precipitation.The air behind it being a high pressure ridge. This, also known as a cold front, spinning clockwise, changes the wind direction from a Southerly component to a Northern one. In North America, this means cool, Northern air penetrating through your region. After a cold front passes, and the high pressure ridge builds in, the wind direction changes back over the course of 1-3 days to having a Southerly component, bringing in warmer air from the South. This process is repeated throughout the course of the year. In tropical areas of the country such as South Florida, these cold fronts typically fall apart before getting there.Which is why areas like that see very little change in temperature from day to day. It's also important to note that although water currents have a profound impact on weather, it's not typically associated with day to day forecasting. Edit: Formatting


Question: Why does watermelon gum/candy taste absolutely nothing like actual watermelon?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does watermelon gum/candy taste absolutely nothing like actual watermelon?

When people say "that tastes like ass," the thing they're talking about probably tastes nothing like an ass. Nothing is the flavor we say it is. Except maybe chicken.


Question: Does my body produce vitamin d if I sit in a shadow on a sunny day? (biology)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does my body produce vitamin d if I sit in a shadow on a sunny day? (biology)

So upon doing some quick research it's UVB rays that catalyze the production of Vitamin D. UVB rays can also reach your skin indirectly, so it's going to depend on the source of the shade. I read that trees will scatter the UVB rays so you can get some indirect contact there. The amount is also going to depend on the tree and other factors.


Question: Why can't a space rocket go 'slowly' to space which is just 60 KM up? Why does it have to exceed escape velocity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't a space rocket go 'slowly' to space which is just 60 KM up? Why does it have to exceed escape velocity?

To get away from the earth you always need to reach escape velocity (correspondingly to go into orbit you need to end below it). The thing is just that the farther you get away from the earth the lower that escape velocity gets (i.e. a "slow" rocket that left would still eventually cross escape velocity when it dropped low enough to be under its speed, if it doesn't then it can't leave and will eventually either fall back down again or go into orbit). As for why we tend not to do that, there are a few reasons. One of the big ones is that every bit of fuel you carry with you requires *more* fuel to lift it to that point. So burning as much as you can early reduces the weight that you'd need to carry higher before burning it. That said a lot of our rockets do actually accelerate "slowly" at first to reduce the amount of drag until they reach a low earth orbit; it's just that their "slow" is much, *much* faster than anything you would experience in daily life so it seems really fast.


Question: how do paraphilias that don't relate to childbearing etc. develop?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do paraphilias that don't relate to childbearing etc. develop?

There is mounting evidence that brain development before birth plays a role in how likely one is to develop a paraphilia, but the way they actually are acquired is simply by conditioning during childhood and puberty. If you are exposed to a certain stimulus and unrelated sexual arousal, you will begin to associate them, which in turn causes a self reinforcing cycle of stimulation and sexual activity so that you become conditioned to feel sexual arousal at the sight of the stimulus


Question: how do you count cards in blackjack?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do you count cards in blackjack?

You assign a value to every card thats played, low value cards get a +1 and a high value card gets a -1 This way you keep track of how many high value cards are left, so if the total count after a round is +7 you know that a bunch of low value cards have been played and the decks contains pretty high numbers (which is your cue to increase your bet) Edit: this is one of many ways and you need a strong grasp of the game and be discrete to even make this worthwhile


Question: Why is everything in the universe spinning?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is everything in the universe spinning?

There is a wide spectrum of levels of rotational kinetic energy. Zero is a very unusual value. All non-zero values leave the object spinning. So, spinning is the default state. It's not at all like being in an atmosphere, where air resistance moves all things towards not spinning. There is no resistance to rotation in space.


Question: Why is the human brain made up of two halves?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the human brain made up of two halves?

Nobody really knows, it's just how animals evolved. All we really know is that the two hemispheres are specialized into different tasks and for some reason, they're backward. That is to say, the left side of the brain largely controls the right side of the body. Science generally thinks that switch happened in early vertebrates, whose heads essentially turned around on themselves to gather food and eat better. But all we can reasonably say for sure is that having a hemisphered brain was evolutionarily advantageous compared to having a single, whole brain.


Question: How does the physics of computers and wireless connection work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the physics of computers and wireless connection work?

Imagine you flashed a light in a pattern, beep beep boop. Someone watching the light could see you flashed it beep beep boop and translate that into something. It's just that, except the light is in radio and the beep beep boop code is millions of times per second. The physics of how radio works at a nitty gritty level is really complicated, but it's just a kind of light


Question: how do companies choose what to price sale items for Black Friday and other big sales? Who chooses what goes on sale, and what the sale should be?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do companies choose what to price sale items for Black Friday and other big sales? Who chooses what goes on sale, and what the sale should be?

A combination of promos made by the manufacturer. Like in January Samsung might tell best buy, sell 40,000 washers or dryers in q3, or July- Sept, and as a reward we'll give you a good deal on a particular model of TV. There are all kinds of manufacturer incentives like that. Or maybe Samsung will make a special version that has reduced features or it might be some random company or model that didn't exist anywhere outside of black friday.


Question: How do people skip stones on water? Does the stone shape matter?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do people skip stones on water? Does the stone shape matter?

Whenever something is entering the water it needs to push the water out of the way in order to sink. If the object is traveling fast, the water exerts a large amount of pressure on the object, resisting its entry into the water. If something is falling straight down into the water this causes the water to feel like a tremendous slap, but you still make it through because your direction is straight into the water. But if you have a lot of HORIZONTAL velocity, this impact of energy can be enough to bounce you back out of the water because you don't have a lot of downward velocity to break through that impulse of resistance energy. So you will end up skipping back out, then back down. If you still have too much energy, it will continue again and again until your horizontal velocity lowers enough to permit entry through the resistance. So, the shape of the object matters because the shape is what causes the amount of resistance. A large flat object meets a lot of resistance to entering the water. So that's why you usually look for flat stones to skip. A more aerodynamic shape, like a bullet, will also be more hydrodynamic, allowing it to enter more easily and less likely to skip. Almost anything blunt will be easier to skip than something sharp.


Question: How does cryptocurrency like Bitcoin contribute to climate change?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does cryptocurrency like Bitcoin contribute to climate change?

Mining crypto takes a lot of power. As their value increases, and mining success rates decrease, the power investment required to find each new coin increases. The entire currency is based on burning through electricity to do maths problems. It's environmentally awful, whatever else you might think about crypto currencies.


Question: With today's technology why is it so hard to make counterfeit coins or counterfeit bills?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 With today's technology why is it so hard to make counterfeit coins or counterfeit bills?

The same answer - today's technology has been used to make bills much more difficult to counterfeit. High value bills have dozens of countermeasures - from the paper, the ink, the printing techniques, etc. - all designed to make it difficult and expensive to do on your own. This deters most people looking to counterfeit - they don't have the skills or the investment money. For lower value bills/coins, there are fewer countermeasures, but that is because the payoff is so low. No one wants to counterfeit $1 bills or quarters because you have to make a ton for it to be worth your while.


Question: Why are ther always people standing behind a presidental canididates while they are doing their speeches?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are ther always people standing behind a presidental canididates while they are doing their speeches?

Show of strength/solidarity with the speaker. It shows voters or the addressee that other people endorse the position of the one talking.


Question: What's the point of having 2 X chromosomes (in females) when one of them is inactive?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the point of having 2 X chromosomes (in females) when one of them is inactive?

It isn't inactive. (As a whole, parts are) But in general most of our DNA is inactive. Some of it is simply "unused relicts" some is recessive behind a dominant gene and might even cause trouble if active.


Question: What is the point of giving tax cuts to the rich?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the point of giving tax cuts to the rich?

Depending on who you ask, there's no point. I feel like that's also the consensus. However the ARGUMENT for doing so is that the rich will invest the money they would have otherwise spent on taxes into companies, who will employ more people, which leads to prosperity, down the line. To an extent this might be true, but what we have today is largely a farce.


Question: Why is dandruff so common and has it always been so?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is dandruff so common and has it always been so?

**One word: "Repeat"** This is such a great question. The answer is "No. It was not always that way. Common dandruff is a relatively new phenomenon". And it's new on 2 fronts. 1. Marketing. Some people have and had medical dandruff in decades past. Fungal infections and *seborrheic dematitis* can cause persistent dandruff. But it isn't common and didn't used to be such a big social issue. But much like Listerine created the stigma of "halitosis" by making up a name for a disease and fearmongering that "[you might be unpopular because of your bad breath]( URL_0 )" — Proctor and Gamble also created the social stigma of "flakes" and "never wear black without the blue". 2. Also Marketing. But the real interesting bit is that rates of common, non-medical dandruff have increased sharply. Dandruff is dead skin that dries out and flakes off. It's not dry as in non-wet with water, but non wet with *oil*. Oil is what keeps the protective layer of dead skin on your scalp from getting flaky. How does all the oil come out? Well, surfactants like soap make oil soluble in water. So when you shampoo your hair, you dry your scalp out a little. And when you shampoo your hair every day–you dry it out even more. And when you "lather, rinse, repeat" you dry it out a lot. A lot of people think their dandruff is caused by not shampooing enough—so they use even more. Which can make it worse. The truth is, dandruff can be caused by not shampooing enough, or by shampooing too much. [Most dermatologists recommend only shampooing 1–3 times a week]( URL_1 ). But as a result of advertising, most Americans shampoo everyday, often twice in a row—a behavior targeted to sell more shampoo; with the side effect of causing dandruff, which in turn can sell *even more* shampoo. So yes, more people have occasional dandruff now than in the past and it's because we're overwashing our scalps, using harsher products, and simply noticing it more.


Question: Why do old games (Max Payne, GTA VC etc) made for 4:3 screens get kind of stretched when you render them at 16:9 in a widescreen monitor while moderns games supports all sorts of aspect ratios?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do old games (Max Payne, GTA VC etc) made for 4:3 screens get kind of stretched when you render them at 16:9 in a widescreen monitor while moderns games supports all sorts of aspect ratios?

Simply because back then there were only 4:3 screens, so the designers didn't even think about adding the option to resize it. The stretching is done by your videocard, and it might offer options for black bars at the sides too.


Question: How does a PR incident lead to the decline in value of a companies stock?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a PR incident lead to the decline in value of a companies stock?

Stock price is determined by what someone is willing to pay to buy it. If a lot of people think a company is about to lose money, they might sell their stock. If there's a lot more stock for sale and you're asking for $100 for me to buy your stock, I have more options to go to other people. If a different guy will sell to me for $95, then I buy his and the value of the stock, by definition is now $95 dollars. So, a lot of people started selling, more supply of for-sale stock meant it wasn't worth as much and could be sold for less.


Question: how would going cashless (no physical currency) effect the economy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how would going cashless (no physical currency) effect the economy?

Firstly it would make a lot of black market transactions and under the table payments more difficult. It would also decrease the number of armed robberies and increase the amount of digital fraud. (Speculation) but in terms of actual effects on the economy's growth those effects would be hard to predict because it is hard to know how much of the US economy relies on blackmarket. Although eventually most of those transactions would occur on cryptocurrency which is very energy expensive. So in the end increase demand for energy and probably fossil fuels


Question: - Lottery: random or favourite numbers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - Lottery: random or favourite numbers?

Every lottery draw is an independent event that does not depend on what was drawn the last time or even what you drew. So the chance of winning is the same no matter what numbers you pick. There is however a slight difference in payout because you might have to share the winnings with others that won the same amount. So you want to avoid numbers that others might pick. This is of course hard as a lot of others are also trying the same. It is not math but psychology. One reason to change your numbers every week is to avoid patterns of people picking numbers based on the current date or as is very common the last weeks numbers.


Question: Why does Speeding up a song make it higher, and Slowing down a song makes it lower?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does Speeding up a song make it higher, and Slowing down a song makes it lower?

My laymen’s understanding is this: Sound travels in waves, like waves on the ocean. When the waves are closer together, they have high frequency, when the waves are farther apart, they have low frequency, in other words, the waves arrive at your ears less frequently. What sounds like a higher pitch is really just higher frequency waves. So when a song is played faster, the sound waves are closer together, and have higher frequency, so it sounds higher-pitched. It’s a similar effect when you hear a police car drive by you really fast. The sound gets higher as it moves toward you, because the waves are smushed together because the speaker making the waves is moving in the same direction as the waves. Then after it passes you it sounds lower because the speaker is moving away from the waves.


Question: If paper is made of wood, how does it seem to burn at such a lower temperature than an actual piece of wood?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If paper is made of wood, how does it seem to burn at such a lower temperature than an actual piece of wood?

I think it has to do with surface area versus volume. With a large surface area like a sheet of paper, it's relatively easy to heat part of it up to the temperature where it will burn, but when you're trying to burn a piece of wood, any heat you put in one part of the surface gets "soaked up" by all of the wood inside, making it take much more energy to get it burning, even if the ignition temperature is the same.


Question: How did Lindsey Vonn Skis burn out on a winter Olympics run? Friction of skis really that much?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did Lindsey Vonn Skis burn out on a winter Olympics run? Friction of skis really that much?

> I understand that heat generated by friction + abrasion usually melts the wax off the bottom of my snowboard but for skis to be burnt? I don't understand. They are going downhill at almost 100 mph, so yes they can burn from friction with the snow. Move fast enough against even ice and it will cause heat faster than it can dissipate.


Question: why do cars, especially new cars depreciate so fast?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do cars, especially new cars depreciate so fast?

Let's say that someone is selling a one month old car. Cars are complicated, how well would you know/do you trust your mechanic to find in an hour or less a small issue with some system in the car. The prior owner has owned the car for a month, which is more time to better assess the quality of the car than the buyer. Given that difference in information, how large a discount from the new price do you want? Now we'll go full Sicilian, if the seller knows you'll almost certainly want a large discount and is still selling their car after one month, the small problem must be serious enough that he expects to be better off after selling the car. A few rounds of that logic, and sellers of all but the worst cars are willing to reconsider, and buyers expect the shortly after purchase market to only consist of very poor cars. So prices drop like a rock, the instant a new car is taken off the lot. Because that's a huge loss in value, (and leasing programs) manufacturers try to capture some of that value with certified used sales (where the manufacturer who has considerable knowledge of where problems have occurred can ensure those issues don't exist on a certified used car), but the price is still a good bit lower because the seller always knows more about the car than the buyer.


Question: Why in English do we say that we "have" sex?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why in English do we say that we "have" sex?

It seems to follow a pattern of “shared” experience with another person, or at least like another comment said, it’s a reciprocative act that you engage in with someone else ... You HAVE dinner with someone You HAVE a conversation with someone You HAVE sex with someone


Question: What stops the ceo of a shell company running off with the money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What stops the ceo of a shell company running off with the money?

Three possibilities: 1) The company just exists for the purposes of obfuscation and doesn't have any real access to or control over the assets. 2) The company is established and administered by a bank or other entity with a reputation to maintain. Shell Companies Inc. in the Cayman Island would not be a *generally* reputable company, but it has a strong interest in appearing as a trustworthy and safe option to potential clients. 3) The company is managed by a person the true owner trusts for reasons of personal closeness (close friend, family member) or practical leverage (blackmail, kickbacks, threats of violence). That's how most business is done in the absence of strong legal institutions (e.g. in black markets or less developed countries).


Question: If the atmosphere is pregnant with moisture and the conditions are right, what stops the snow from just all falling at once?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If the atmosphere is pregnant with moisture and the conditions are right, what stops the snow from just all falling at once?

Two reasons: 1. Heat is not constant and there are temperature gradients so the freezing of water will take place at different rates in different areas. 2. Heat energy is in a way released (in an eli5 sense) when the snow freezes, so the atmosphere around the snow particles temporarily will not be cold enough to create snow. Bonus number 3. Water also needs to condense to form snaw which takes some time, though this is usually negligible


Question: How are commercial chicken eggs so consistently produced?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How are commercial chicken eggs so consistently produced?

Commercial eggs are sorted by egg and quality into "grades". Different grades and sizes can be purchased at the store. Lower graded eggs are mainly lower grades because of appearance, so these can be sold to commercial food producers who (rightfully) don't care what the egg looks like.


Question: Why do all modern phones have stripes on the bottom? (Picture in text)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do all modern phones have stripes on the bottom? (Picture in text)

If your talking about the thin lines that run all along the phone, them it's separation for the antennas in the phone. Your phone has different antennas for cellular/LTE connections, Bluetooth, wifi..... Those lines are either where the antennas are run or they separate different metallic parts of the phone that act as antennas.


Question: Why does fast food have to be unhealthy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does fast food have to be unhealthy?

Because people like the taste of salt, sugar, fats, and carbs. So, businesses tend to sell such items. Is it possible for fast food chains to make healthy food? Of course. Healthy fast food exists. But it will be more expensive, generally, and that will end up driving away a certain portion of the consumer base.


Question: How do radio stations or local cable channels come up with names like WBZ, WGBH, or KTZ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do radio stations or local cable channels come up with names like WBZ, WGBH, or KTZ?

The identifiers are assigned by the FCC when you are granted your license to broadcast. You can request any 3 letter call sign that is available, but if it is taken you get what you get. The K vs W distinction tells whether you are west (K) or east (W) of the Mississippi river (though their are a few exceptions. There is also N, but that is for military broadcasts.


Question: why did the copper on the statue of liberty turn green but copper mugs and copper pipes don't?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why did the copper on the statue of liberty turn green but copper mugs and copper pipes don't?

Copper pipes do oxidize and turn green over time, especially in wet environments. I assume copper mugs do too if you don't clean them regularly. However it takes quite a while for a green patina to form on bare copper. According to some cursory googling it took the Statue of Liberty between 20 and 40 years to turn totally green. It was also completely exposed to rain, unlike most household copper piping, and industrial air pollution supposedly had an affect also.


Question: Why is it that when you are on a highway it sounds like you are on roller coaster track? I’ve always wondered this and no one has been able to give me an answer.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that when you are on a highway it sounds like you are on roller coaster track? I’ve always wondered this and no one has been able to give me an answer.

If you're talking about a constant click-clack sound that's kind of similar to going up the hill on a roller coaster: the highway you're driving on is probably made of concrete blocks/sheets. Over the years they separate, and the cracks get filled in. Then when you drive on it, the car makes a click-clack every time it goes over one of those ridges of filled in stuff.