Question: When making any animated show episode, is the voice acting done earlier or the animation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When making any animated show episode, is the voice acting done earlier or the animation?

The principal voice cast are normally first, doing multiple takes and allowing for improv at the recording sessions. The final voice performances are edited together from different takes, and are the basis for the final animation. The voice actors may have a simple animatic to help them get the timing right, or just a script and their imaginations. If it's practical, putting dialogue partners together to record shared scenes helps get the flow of a conversation right. Additional voice cast such as translated versions are often much more constrained by the timing of existing animation. Sometimes a film can be re-rendered for translation (For instance, [Zootopia]( URL_0 )) but it's not really common.


Question: Why can you hear the low rumble of a train engine from so far away?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can you hear the low rumble of a train engine from so far away?

Sound waves work a lot like light does. Low frequency waves travel further than high frequency. With light, high frequency = high energy. It frequently interacts with matter. It gets absorbed quickly. Long waves like radio and AM especially travels further as it is absorbed by fewer structures and requires a larger antenna to intercept. Sound waves work the same way. High frequency sound vibrates many surfaces in a way that they absorb the energy of the wave. Even small surfaces acting like a drum can absorb high frequency sound. Lower frequency sounds have fewer surfaces that can absorb them.


Question: Why does compressed gas not explode if ignited?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does compressed gas not explode if ignited?

There is no oxygen in the can. If there was oxygen in the can, as soon as it reached the right fuel/oxygen mixture, it would explode dramatically. But since there is no oxygen in the can, it can’t burn inside the can. That’s also why the flame doesn’t start immediately on the nozzle, but at least a few mm away from the nozzle, it needs space to mix with air before it ignites.


Question: Can POTUS pardon anyone in the US, or only those charged with/convicted of federal crimes?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can POTUS pardon anyone in the US, or only those charged with/convicted of federal crimes?

No. The president's pardon and clemency powers are strictly federal. Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Consitution says: "he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment." And before anyone starts talking about Ford's pardon of Nixon, Nixon was never impeached. Nixon pulled the ol' ejection handle and bailed out before the impeachment was formalized in Congress.


Question: Why every number to the power of 0 is equal to 1?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why every number to the power of 0 is equal to 1?

x^n / x^m = x^(n-m) , right? That means that, for example, 2^2 / 2^2 = 2^(2-2) = 2^0 Since 2^2 / 2^2 = 4 / 4 = 1 Then 2^0 = 1 Another way to look at it is to go backwards. 2^4 = 16 2^3 = 8, or 16 / 2 2^2 = 4, or 8 / 2 2^1 = 2, or 4 / 2 2^0 = 1, or 2 / 2 Does that help?


Question: When the dentist injects Novocaine into your gums before a procedure, how does the numbing effect work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When the dentist injects Novocaine into your gums before a procedure, how does the numbing effect work?

Basically, it slows down the nerve impulses that sense pain. Basically when a nerve fires, positively charged sodium ions go into neurons, then they leave it again for the next time it fires. Novocaine works by blocking the mechanism that allows the ions to cross over the cell membrane, which means that the pain signals never get to the brain.


Question: What causes inaccuracies in our current model conventional physics at certain points, such as at extremely hot temperatures?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes inaccuracies in our current model conventional physics at certain points, such as at extremely hot temperatures?

Physics student here! In a lot of our models we use approximations to turn an equation we have no way of solving into one that can be trivially solved. Thing is, these approximations tend to have an area of parameters the situation needs to fit for the approximation to be accurate. For example, the equation of motion for a basic pendulum includes a sin(x) term. This is a pain in a differential equation, so we use the Taylor series for the function sin(x) and notice, that if x is small, we can make an approximation sin(x)≈x, effectively removing the sin(x) from our equation. Now, note that we specifically stated that the approximation is only good with a small x. Thus, our model will naturally be faulty if we try to use it to describe a situation where x is not small.


Question: What is calculus? how does it work?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is calculus? how does it work?

The basic principle behind calculus is fairly easy to understand. Imagine painting the walls around a round ship window. It's got that neat brass stuff, and you don't want to paint that so you have masking tape. So how do use straight masking tape on a round window? You use some small strips. You can start with some big ones like the yellow in [this]( URL_1 ). Well, that doesn't look right at all. You didn't paint close to the circle, and nobody likes it. Boss man gives you a second chance. OK, you use smaller strips and your outline is more like [this]( URL_0 ). Much better! Now using the smaller straight strips were much better approximation to the actual window, but they were not perfect. To be perfect we need super tiny strips, and once they are absolutely tiny, they are perfectly accurate. Calculus breaks things down into those tiny strips to accurately measure curvey things. It works for straight things too, but kinda overkill.


Question: What is an inner product? (linear algebra)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is an inner product? (linear algebra)

I'll try my best, but I've never successfully explained undergraduate abstract algebra to a five year old! [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) might be useful. You're right to say that the idea of an inner product is a generalisation of a dot product, but when we refer to a dot product, we mean the specific operation that involves multiplying and adding components that you're probably already familiar with. This operation happens to satisfy the following properties for any vectors, a, b and c (with the same dimension) and for any real scalar, k: * (a+b).c = a.c + b.c (distributive property) * (ka).b=k(a.b) (associativity with scalar multiplication) * a.b=b.a (commutativity) * a.a > 0, unless a = 0, in which case, a.a = 0 (positive-definite condition). An inner product is *any* operation that also satisfies these conditions. You can find examples in the link above, but do let me know if they're not particularly helpful!


Question: Can something have a pH level that's higher than 14 or lower than 0? And on the subject of that, how did the scientists decide the magnitude of the pH scale?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can something have a pH level that's higher than 14 or lower than 0? And on the subject of that, how did the scientists decide the magnitude of the pH scale?

Yes, pH can be above 14 or below 0. pH is the negative log of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, measured in moles per liter. If you have less than 10^(-14) moles/L of H^(+) ions in a solution, then the pH will be over 14. If you have more than 1 mole/L of H^(+) ions, the pH will be below 0. These situations are uncommon, but not impossible.


Question: why do some beverages come in bottles with small caps (like water and coke), while others (usually ice tea and energy drinks) have wider caps?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do some beverages come in bottles with small caps (like water and coke), while others (usually ice tea and energy drinks) have wider caps?

Small caps are cheaper. Big caps let people sip and smell the drink more, that's better for tea. Big caps also move more drink so people can chug the energy drink.


Question: Why do liquors that are made from carb-heavy foods like potatoes (vodka) and sugar cane (rum) have no digestible carbs in them?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do liquors that are made from carb-heavy foods like potatoes (vodka) and sugar cane (rum) have no digestible carbs in them?

The carbs are broken down into sugar and then into alcohol by the yeast. So all you're left with is a sweet alcoholic mess.


Question: How is the code written for something like a calculator or a digital watch?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the code written for something like a calculator or a digital watch?

If you want to skim what building the code looks like, here's the links to a two part tutorial on a simple calculator program (including window and user interface) [Part 1 ~14 minutes]( URL_1 ) [Part 2 ~ 14 minutes]( URL_0 ) There is a lot of background work done on the programming languages. For example, the tutorials above are written in Java. When using a language there are a plethora of built in tools ready for you to use. Even basic things, like the definition of multiplication (coded like 2*2 would produce 4). This " * " is predefined by java as multiplication so you can make (a * b = answer). The language lets you say "button press 1" * "button press 2" is multiplication. The buttons and windows are all built in as well, you just need to know a few lines of code for how to plop one down and adjust its size and position. For watches I am far from knowledgeable at all (assuming the above calculator description will suffice with my basic knowledge of code). If I remember correctly, watches use a tiny quartz crystal that a battery sends a current through. This quartz vibrates at a constant frequency, meaning it vibrates an exact number of times every second. (From here I am making a logical assumption) They must have a small piece of hardware that counts these oscillations, and when it senses one, the count gets increased by 1 (code would be something like "count = count +1" meaning add one to the current count). When it hits its peak, probably somewhere around 30,000 (meaning quartz will vibrate ~30,000 times a second, again my estimate) it will add 1 to a second counter and reset the count of vibrations. Code would be something like (this is not code that will run, just something similar looking/conceptual): count = 0 if (vibration is felt) //A lot of code props for sensing a vibration and recording it count = count +1 if (count = 30,000) count = 0 //When you hit the number that signals 1 second, reset the count and start over seconds = seconds + 1 //Add a second if (seconds = 60) //60 seconds = 1 minute seconds = 0 //A watch will only count 60 seconds minutes = minutes +1 //At 60 seconds, add a minute if (minutes = 60) //60 minutes make an hour minutes = 0 //At 1 hour, reset thh minutes to 0 hours = hours +1 //At 60 minutes, add 1 hour if (hours > 12) hours = 1 (this line is for non military time, and would set clock to 1 after 12 oclock, and run through all numbers until it hits 12 again and goes back to 1)


Question: How were VHS tapes mass produced?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How were VHS tapes mass produced?

Pretty much the same way that you would duplicate a tape at home: Read the video from one tape, and write it onto an empty casette. However, they were using automated machinery for this process. Since reading and writing tape also degrades the quality, they were using a very high quality video tape as a master to read from, instead of another video casette.


Question: Why does the soil level in a flowerpot seem to go down as the plant's roots grows larger?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the soil level in a flowerpot seem to go down as the plant's roots grows larger?

Between watering and the roots intertwining, it's just the soil compacting further into the pot. If you churned up the soil, it would take up more space


Question: How does a telephone plug work with both a phone and a modem? Is it the same data being transferred or is there multiple types of data being passed and the device decides which one it needs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a telephone plug work with both a phone and a modem? Is it the same data being transferred or is there multiple types of data being passed and the device decides which one it needs?

A modem converts the analog signal coming over the phone line to a digital signal usable by for example, a computer. The same concept applies to all modems for example, a cable modem. It's an analog signal converted to digital.


Question: What's the difference between fog and clouds?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's the difference between fog and clouds?

Fog is just a type of cloud that touches the ground. It is still made of tiny water droplets in the air


Question: How do we know numbers like Pi are infinite rather than just incredibly long?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do we know numbers like Pi are infinite rather than just incredibly long?

We know because pi is an irrational number. More to the point, we know it is not a rational number. (warning, math ahead) A rational number is one that can be represented as a ratio of two integers. For any repeating or terminating decimal out there, you can do a little math to express it as a ratio. With a terminating decimal, it is pretty easy: 0.123 = 123/1000 Repeating decimals require a little algebra: n = 0.123123... 1000n = 123.123123... 1000n - n = 999n = 123 n = 123/999 = 41/333 What does this have to do with pi? It means that either a) pi can be expressed as a ratio of two integers, or b) pi cannot be represented as a terminating or repeating decimal. If we can show there is no way to express pi as a ratio, the only remaining possibility is a nonrepeating decimal. In 1761, this is exactly what Johann Heinrich Lambert did. Unfortunately, his proof, and others like it, require advanced math we'd rather not get into. Lucky for us, the proof that √2 is irrational is pretty straight forward: assume a and b exist, such that a/b = √2, and a and b have no common factors a^2 / b^2 = 2 a^2 = 2 * b^2 therefore a is even, and there exist a k such that a = 2k (2 * k)^2 = 2 * b^2 4 * k^2 = 2 * b^2 2 * k^2 = b^2 therefore b is also even However, we assumed a and b had no common factors, so they cannot both be even. This contradicts our original assumption, which proves it must be false. There are no such number a and b, which means √2 cannot be represented as a repeating decimal and must be irrational. EDIT: By popular demand **TL;DR** * rational numbers are the result of dividing one integer by another * the decimal places of a rational number either end, or repeat * you can show that pi (or e or √2) cannot be the result of dividing one integer by another * therefore, those numbers are not rational and do not end


Question: Why does light pollution seem to change day to day?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does light pollution seem to change day to day?

This has to do a lot with atmospheric effects. Typically, it has to do with different amounts of moisture or dust or other pollutants in the air that reflect more or less light back to the ground.


Question: Why can't surgeons just pull out huge chunks of body fat at a time with a glove or a modified vacuum hose?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can't surgeons just pull out huge chunks of body fat at a time with a glove or a modified vacuum hose?

The fat isn't just floating inside you. Its attached to your organs and blood vessels. Tearing at it is gonna cause issues.


Question: How can the outdoor temperature ever increase in the middle of the night? Where is this warmth coming from?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
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- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can the outdoor temperature ever increase in the middle of the night? Where is this warmth coming from?

It happens in Australia quite frequently. The centre of the country is a desert and heats up during the day. That heat rises and moves with the wind so it blows over the cooler areas of the country, meaning quite often we get 10C rises in the middle of the night. It is the hot air from the desert moving with wind across the rest of the country. The same effect will happen to lesser extents all around the world for a variety of geographical reasons. Additionally, there are established air currents that push hot air from the middle-east across northern europe (the gulf stream). That is what prevents the UK getting as cold as neighbouring scandinavia.


Question: Why do rocket engines always go over 100%?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do rocket engines always go over 100%?

> If the standard is say 104%, than why isn’t that 100%? The engines were designed for a given output originally which becomes "100%". Afterwards there are tweaks and optimizations made which allow it to go over that output, but instead of redefining that output as "100%" they just say what its output is compared to the baseline specifications of the rocket engine. Unless you are familiar with what specific tweaks were made to that engine you wouldn't know how much thrust the adjusted 100% would equate to.


Question: How does a jeweller tell whether a gemstone is real or fake?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a jeweller tell whether a gemstone is real or fake?

It depends on the gem in question. Diamonds for example are REALLY good conductors of heat. Absurdly good compared to most other things that look like diamonds. So cheap "diamond testers" just try to measure that property. However there because there is one diamond look-alike that will fail the heat conductivity test (Moissanite), so better (more expensive) diamond testers use electrical conductivity to account for that.


Question: Why do most things get darker when wet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do most things get darker when wet?

Color is a result from light bouncing off objects. The wavelengths that are not absorbed bounce towards your eyes and you see them as that 'color'. When something gets wet, the surface changes, and the wavelengths bounce differently and absorb more light. As a result, you see a darker color (Since it absorbs more of the light)


Question: Why do we feel rewarded/good when we move at a substantial speed? Shouldn't moving at such a speed be dangerous, and should actually make us feel scared?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do we feel rewarded/good when we move at a substantial speed? Shouldn't moving at such a speed be dangerous, and should actually make us feel scared?

Iirc what we feel is actually the thrill of not dieing :P as long as we feel relatively safe, whether it's because we're seat belted/harnessed in or we feel confident in our abilities to stay in control, we feel exhilarated at defying death.


Question: How does the human body know what to do with drugs invested through various ways?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does the human body know what to do with drugs invested through various ways?

It doesn't know.. Pharmaceuticals are (usually) developed backwards- we find a chemical that does something interesting, say it inhibits a certain enzyme that we know is involved in pain transmission. From there it's a matter of scaling up and getting approval from the FDA to distribute your drug by proving it works. Some time later, we have a painkiller drug (aspirin, in the above example). Your body is a big system of chemical reactions and enzymes that you have no control over. When you take in a drug, your body will absorb and metabolize it automatically. The effects are determined by whatever that drug does chemically inside your body. The specific requirements for delivery (injection, pill, etc) are determined by the nature of the drug itself. Many can't survive a trip through your stomach, so they have to be injected. Others *must* be activated by going through the stomach, so it's really a consequence of the chemical nature/stability of the drug molecule and not something that can be controlled.


Question: What causes the sour aftertaste of sugar? I mean isn't sugar supposed to be sweet?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes the sour aftertaste of sugar? I mean isn't sugar supposed to be sweet?

I’d never heard if this but searched and this is one answer given on Quora The answer to this question is really simple. After eating sweets or cakes, the some sugar or starch is left in your mouth and on your teeth. Well, your digestive system decides to release enzymes through your saliva, into your mouth. This breaks down the sugars, as well as making the bacteria in your mouth release malic acid. So, really all your tasting is the malic acid that is being created to destroy any leftover sugar and starch. Sometimes the sourness can be strong, while sometimes you won’t be able to taste it at all. The stronger it is, the more sugars you had left in your mouth. I hope this answered your question!!! Thanks for reading,


Question: how does an mAh work? How long will 1 mAh last on a smartphone? How long will 18000 last?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how does an mAh work? How long will 1 mAh last on a smartphone? How long will 18000 last?

Batteries are rates in mAh, that's milliamp hours. If a battery can provide 100 mA for 3 hours it can produce 300 mAh of output. Smartphones are complex computers, with a bright display and 3-5 radios inside. The power consumption depends on many variables, so power consumption is always changing. 18000 is 18 times more minutes than 1000.


Question: why do some moles become tumors?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do some moles become tumors?

Think of your skin as several layers of cells with a fence at the bottom. Cancerous moles occur when one of the layers become cancerous and starts dividing improperly. This is usually fine as its still bound by the fence. Eventually the entire layer of cells becomes cancerous. This is called carcinoma in situ since its still within the fence. You get metastatic or high grade cancer when the cancerous cells breakthrough the fence and invade the rest of the body. This doesnt always occur, most of these cancers stay put and go unnoticed. If a doctor does notice them, they can take it out just in case. Also worth noting that not all moles are cancerous, some are just overgrowth of pigment and skin cells that are not cancerous.


Question: How do pregnancy tests accurately record whether or not you’re pregnant?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do pregnancy tests accurately record whether or not you’re pregnant?

The female body makes a hormone called Human Chorionic Gonadatropic Hormone only when pregnant (or on some rare cases, cancer can also cause the body to make HcG). Anyhow HcG is what those urine pregnancy tests are looking for.


Question: Why did many countries reported huge drops in GDP and all time high in unemployment whereas the financial markets seem to have already recover ? What's behind the difference between the financial markets and the economy ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why did many countries reported huge drops in GDP and all time high in unemployment whereas the financial markets seem to have already recover ? What's behind the difference between the financial markets and the economy ?

It's a common misconception that the stock market reflects the economy. All the stock market does is reflect people's perception on how publicly traded businesses will fare in the future as compared to today. While yes, there's usually a correlation between the two, that's not always the case. And furthermore, the health of publicly traded companies does not always reflect the overall health of the economy.


Question: When two mirrors are placed opposite each other and their reflection seems to go on forever, why do the reflections further away appear darker?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When two mirrors are placed opposite each other and their reflection seems to go on forever, why do the reflections further away appear darker?

Mirrors aren't 100% reflective, so with each bounce, some of the light is absorbed, ie., lost.


Question: Why are there so many different types of glue?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there so many different types of glue?

There are a lot of different types of surfaces you might want to bond together, and a lot of different conditions you may want that bond to survive. The kind of glue you'll want to hold your posterboard project together is a lot different than the kind of glue you're using to seal windows on the space station.


Question: Why are real number data types such as float and double called "floating-point"?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are real number data types such as float and double called "floating-point"?

Let's say you have 8 "spaces" to store a number. There's a few different ways you can store numbers in it: 1. Unsigned Integers. ######## lets you store numbers from 0-99999999 but no negatives or decimals 2. Signed Integers. ±####### lets you store from -9999999 to +9999999, a smaller number than option 1 but covers positive and negative. 3. Fixed Point Decimal ±XXX.YYYY only gives you -999.9999 to +999.9999. You could split it other ways, the point is that the data type is fixed when it's defined & can't be changed during runtime. 4. Floating Point Decimal ±X.YYYY \10^±Z lets you represent both positive & negative numbers from 0.0000000000001 to 9999900000. You can say that the decimal "floats" depending on the size of your Z (mantissa) Floating point is the most common format for storing real numbers, giving a reasonable compromise between speed, accuracy & range. "Arbitrary precision" numbers that let you have any level of accuracy you want are also popular but they're generally supported by by libraries rather than CPU instructions so they're significantly slower.


Question: - What makes the whites of your eyes greyish / bloodshot when you're super tired?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 - What makes the whites of your eyes greyish / bloodshot when you're super tired?

Your tears have a particular mixture of water, oils, proteins, sugars, and salts to help moisturize and protect the surface of the eye. As you stay awake longer, the quality of your tears degrades because your tear ducts also get tired. This causes your eyes to dry out easier, causing irritation and redness. It also makes you want to rub you eyes to help smear the tears you have left. Your tear ducts need shut eye time to recharge and refresh it's production of tears. If you don't let your body sleep, your tear ducts are not able to produce good quality tears. You can substitute with artificial tears (different from the eye drops with medication to reduce redness) but ideally, you should restore your natural tear production.


Question: If there are only 4171 exoplanets discovered, how do the astronomers know there are millions per galaxy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 If there are only 4171 exoplanets discovered, how do the astronomers know there are millions per galaxy?

Simple answer, math. We can really only count the planets closer to us. As super distant stars are too far way to observe the wobble that planets cause. So we know that 4171 exoplanets were discovered in x number of stars. That gives us the average number of exoplanets per star. And there are millions of stars.


Question: How did spacecrafts come back to Earth from the Moon? Did the lack of Earth-like atmosphere on the Moon interfere somehow?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did spacecrafts come back to Earth from the Moon? Did the lack of Earth-like atmosphere on the Moon interfere somehow?

Landing on the moon without an atmosphere was harder than getting off the moon without an atmosphere. Having an atmosphere means that as you go faster, you get more resistance to acceleration as the air has less time to move out of the way and let you pass. Think about moving your legs in water versus moving your legs through the air; the water is more dense and the faster you move your leg the harder it is to do/the more energy you exert for incremental gains. Most engines that we use for everyday applications extract oxygen from the air to help fuel their combustion. Rocket engines don't do this; the fuel contains an oxidizer, so that the rocket can create thrust in the vacuum of space. Landing on the moon, as it had no atmosphere, was a matter of using a rocket to counteract the momentum that was gained during the descent to the surface. Getting back to the earth from the moon is conceptually as simple as pointing your rocket the correct way so that you break free from the moon's orbit in such a way that your new orbit around the Earth dips into the atmosphere, which acts as a brake (aerobraking is the technical term) so that you don't need any further fuel to de-orbit the earth. I can't go too much more in depth without a crash course on orbital mechanics and the basics of rockets, but the concept behind what I just described is called a free return trajectory.


Question: Why can’t we just go back to using whatever materials we used before plastic?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why can’t we just go back to using whatever materials we used before plastic?

The cost, really. All of the infrastructure of a our modern society is based on making, molding or using plastic goods. To change it we'd need to readjust... like everything... Theres a reason that we switched to plastics- they're durable, heat resistant and easy to turn into whatever you need. And think of the new/old industries that would need to step up. How many more sheep would we need to make woolen clothing if artificial fabrics weren't available anymore.


Question: What’s the difference between Zionism and Judaism? Is Judaism anti Zionism?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What’s the difference between Zionism and Judaism? Is Judaism anti Zionism?

Judaism is the religion and Zionism is the effort to re-establish a Jewish nation in Israel. Not all Jews agree with the politics of its establishment.


Question: Why do smartphones have multiple cameras instead of using their best camera sensor with multiple lenses?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do smartphones have multiple cameras instead of using their best camera sensor with multiple lenses?

moving parts makes it more prone to failure. and who's going to rotate the lens? the user or the software? users will forget and get annoyed and the software doing it will cause it to become slow, not to mention the more prone to failure part.


Question: What is the difference between distilled water and regular water?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between distilled water and regular water?

Distilled water should be H2O. Regular water has other things in it. For example NaCl, Ca, ...


Question: farm animals are genetically distinct from their wild ancestors or cousins. How did we humans manage to change them so much?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 farm animals are genetically distinct from their wild ancestors or cousins. How did we humans manage to change them so much?

Selective breeding to reinforce the traits we wanted (big and aggressive for warehouses, for example), and culling out the individuals that don't display the traits you want.


Question: How long does salt put down on roads damage your vehicle?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How long does salt put down on roads damage your vehicle?

Yes, and yes. The salt will start to corrode the car immediately but will continue to corrode it as long as it stays on or gets saturated. Eventually the brine will drip off the vehicle and the process stops. But this might take a few hours and you might get brine caught in places where it can not escape. After weeks it does not get worse but it does help to wash your car often on salty roads, especially as you stop driving on salty roads.


Question: Carbon makes steel strong. But why does too much carbon makes the steel brittle?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Carbon makes steel strong. But why does too much carbon makes the steel brittle?

Metals have crystals. The atoms in the metal form these grids with space in between. Regions inside metals all with the same pattern and orientation are called grains. A single metal can have many small grains or it can be few large grains Defects in metals form inside these structure at grain boundaries. Where the crystal faces one way and then suddenly a different crystal faces another, cracks form easily. Imagine a metal sword made of two grains. The boundary runs across the sword the short way, through the middle. If the sword gets hit, the crack only has to start there to make it all the way across the sword through the shortest path possible. Compared to an iron atom, a carbon atom is very small. These atoms can get in between iron atoms and force new grain boundary patterns to form around them. So if there are a lot of carbon atoms, the grain boundaries are very small. Like the lines of a jig-saw puzzle, cracks have to jog around all kinds of grain boundaries to make it all the way through the metal. No single crack can follow one grain boundary all the way through. If there are too many grains because they are super small, the metal becomes weak in a new way. It becomes soft and more malleable because of all these small slip interfaces.


Question: When driving down a straight road on a sunny day, why does the road up ahead appear more reflective?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 When driving down a straight road on a sunny day, why does the road up ahead appear more reflective?

Asphalt absorbs sunlight’s energy really, really well. It makes it heat up, and because of this the air directly above it heats up as well. This hot air becomes less dense, which affects how light passes through it - namely, light goes through it faster. And when light changes speed going from cooler air to hotter air, it can refract. This gives it that shimmering appearance. When at the right viewing angle, this shimmering air covers the road, and that’s when it becomes noticeable to us because it refracts the light from the road. This makes the road appear reflective, as the light from it gets altered before it reaches our eyes.


Question: what happens if anyone were to successfully launch a missile at the US?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 what happens if anyone were to successfully launch a missile at the US?

the military would know in seconds of a hostile missile launch because there's satellites pointed at the areas of the world. whether or not they'll tell YOU as a civilian is a different matter. flight time for an intermediate range nuclear missile from a offcoast submarine launch would be under 30 minutes. so can you get 50 miles away from a major city in 30 minutes in the worst rush hour traffic imaginable?


Question: How does putting food in hot oil fry it (like, how does the actual frying process happen)? Also, what are those bubbles, is it water that leaves the food due to the high temperature or something else?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does putting food in hot oil fry it (like, how does the actual frying process happen)? Also, what are those bubbles, is it water that leaves the food due to the high temperature or something else?

Oil is active as a heat stabilizer and heat transfer fluid. As the oil heats various components begin to break down or evaporate (boiling does this rapidly). This takes energy and holds the temperature relatively even as the oil evaporates or smokes. This means that your food is cooked at a relatively stable high temperature evenly across the entire surface, which is what gives it the "fried" consistency (coupled with the residual oil). The bubbles are steam. Usually.


Question: How come there isn't an imaginary system for dividing a number by 0, while there is one for taking the square root of a negative number?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come there isn't an imaginary system for dividing a number by 0, while there is one for taking the square root of a negative number?

So, it boils down to one thing: Allowing division by zero completely and utterly breaks mathematics. Literally 2=4 now and 21334124234 = 9.45412231. Every number is equal to every other number and you just can't get anything useful done. But imaginary numbers (which by the way is a terrible name it's not more "imaginary" than any other number) don't do that at all. They are formalized and it doesn't break math at all.


Question: How do waterfalls seem to constantly flow almost indefinitely? Why would the source of that water not "drain out" even after a year, 10 years, a hundred years or more?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do waterfalls seem to constantly flow almost indefinitely? Why would the source of that water not "drain out" even after a year, 10 years, a hundred years or more?

Rain. Basically, the sources of those waterfalls, generally lakes and rivers in higher altitudes, get lots of rain that refreshes the supply of water, and thus the waterfalls continue forever. If there was a drought, and it stopped raining up on the tops of the mountains where those rivers and lakes were, then the waterfalls would eventually dry out.


Question: What do physicists mean when they say "the universe is a simulation" ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What do physicists mean when they say "the universe is a simulation" ?

The crux of the idea is a statistical argument that goes something like this: We know that simulations of reality are possible, because we can [make primitive versions of them ourselves]( URL_1 ). We know that artificial intelligence is possible because we can [make primitive versions of it ourselves]( URL_0 ). We know that in just a few decades our own simulations of reality and AI have improved at an amazing rate and it's likely that in the future they will be indistinguishable from actual reality. So if there are other intelligent species in the universe more advanced than we are, it's rational to believe they have created many, many, detailed simulations of reality. Therefore it's maybe logical to deduce that there are far more simulations of reality than there are versions of the 'original' or 'real' reality. So if there's only one original reality and countless simulated realities then statistically, we're far more likely to be living in one of the simulations than in the original. However, it's important to note that there's absolutely no conclusive evidence the simulated reality hypotheses is correct, and if it is... does it really matter?


Question: Why are piano keys in sections of C D F G A B and not A B C D F G?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are piano keys in sections of C D F G A B and not A B C D F G?

The original key first written down in the middle ages was A minor, which is the white notes of the piano: ABCDEFGA, with the music written in this key "centred" on the A. However musicians found that they could achieve a different effect by choosing a different note to "centre" on... The most popular being C, which gives the major scale CDEFGABC. Major and minor are two of the seven possible "modes", each using a different "central" note.


Question: Why isn't national debt treated like a national emergency?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why isn't national debt treated like a national emergency?

The reason it isn't treated as a national emergency **is because it isn't**. Trillions of dollars sounds like a lot of money and it is *to an individual*, but not if you are a multi-trillion dollar entity. The US government's annual budget in 2015 was **3.8 Trillion**. So when you hear that the US is $20 Trillion in debt, remember that is the same as someone making $50,000 a year being $250,000 in debt. That is a very common occurrence considering that mortgages are a thing. On top of that, the US government borrows at (effectively) the lowest interest rate in the world through Treasury Bonds. These bonds are considered "risk free" by the financial world and the result is that the US can borrow extremely cheaply and from damn near everybody. So long as that continues to be true the US government has little to fear from that debt. The only reason that a debt becomes an issue is that the payments on it are too much for the country to bear. So yes, at some large amount the US government will not be able to pay the interest on its debt off but we aren't near that point yet. Assuming the US economy continues to perform and function it is unlikely we'll reach that level any time soon.


Question: What causes animals to sometimes act compassionately when it's completely out of their nature? For example, when the leopard killed the baboon and then tried to adopt its baby.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What causes animals to sometimes act compassionately when it's completely out of their nature? For example, when the leopard killed the baboon and then tried to adopt its baby.

I know this has been observed, but my understanding it is usually in rare situations where there isn't a lot of competition or hunger - everybody's getting enough to eat. I'm not aware of any examples of altruism between predators and prey when food is scarce, though I may simply not be aware of them. I guess it shows that animals are social creatures just as we are, even felines which are typically loners. They respond to some of the same things we do, such as young creatures in distress, even if their nature and needs typically prevent such a bond.


Question: Why is the atom of carbon so good at bonding ?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the atom of carbon so good at bonding ?

Okay so let me start out by saying that, without a pretty deep knowledge of chemistry, any answer you get to this question will either rely on too much background info or will be incomplete and give you only part of the answer. I am going with the latter because I think that's what you want. Okay first off we have to define what we mean by "good" at bonding. Certain elements like fluorine readily create really strong bonds that are hard to break, while others like helium create hardly any bonds at all. By this metric, fluorine is probably the "best" at bonding, but for an element to have as diverse of chemistry as carbon, it needs to have a balance. Carbon forms bonds that are not too weak, but not too strong either. Another good thing about carbon is that it can form up to 4 different bonds at once. The reason for why it can do this rely on some kind of complicated physics, but the short version is that it has 4 electrons at its highest energy level and light elements like carbon are most stable when they have 8. This is a vast oversimplification, but it's really as deep as I can get without writing a chemistry book for you.


Question: What's causing the rapidly thudding pressure we sometimes experience when rolling down a single window inside a moving vehicle?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What's causing the rapidly thudding pressure we sometimes experience when rolling down a single window inside a moving vehicle?

Take a bottle, open it up, and blow across the opening. It will make a little bit of a whistling noise. Now drink some of the liquid out of it and blow again. The sound should be a little deeper. Do this little by little until the bottle is empty. If you keep doing this with a bigger and bigger bottle then the sound will get lower and lower. Now picture a car driving down the road with one window open it is a large bottle where the sound is really low and it thumps because of the wind turbulence. Old cars used to have so many little gaps in them that it didn't really cause an issue. Modern cars are sealed so tight to keep the road noise out that there is no way to go but back out the window unless you open another one.


Question: In the method of ordinary least squares, why not choose the sum least distances not squared?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 In the method of ordinary least squares, why not choose the sum least distances not squared?

Because some of the distances will be positive and some negative. If you just add the sums (or cubes) they can cancel out. For example, let's say your data set includes only distances of -4 and 4. Adding them gives a metric of 0. That's not very useful, since both data points are at a distance of 4, just in opposite directions.


Question: What is the recent warp drive news about?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the recent warp drive news about?

It's a big nothing right now that's blown out of proportion by the media. There is no real basis for it. You need matter that doesn't exist, and doesn't have any reason to exist. It's just a fun thought experiment for the physicists to push the limits of GR.


Question: Why is the sky (usually) blue?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the sky (usually) blue?

The thing to google is Rayleigh scattering. The sun itself is white(ish) but the light hitting the rest of the sky is scattered down to us most efficiently in blue.


Question: Why does cold decrease battery life?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does cold decrease battery life?

Cool batteries hold a charge longer than warm batteries. Cold batteries discharge faster than hot batteries. Since the reactions are slowed, less energy is produced and the power output is lowered; with a lower output, the **battery** cannot keep up with the demand and can go dead, producing no current.


Question: How come we can hear songs accurately in our heads but cannot necessarily reproduce them accurately with our voices?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 How come we can hear songs accurately in our heads but cannot necessarily reproduce them accurately with our voices?

Vocal muscle memory is like any other. Without practice and honing things in like you would athletically the muscle memory isn’t there for a lot of people. Plus theres where you’re listening to the note and I’m sure myriad other things. But consider running scales and/or worming up refining the ability to execute each note. I’m positing this... but not educated on it as I’m sure others are.


Question: Why does pouring warm soda into a glass of ice flatten it?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does pouring warm soda into a glass of ice flatten it?

I'm going to add to the previous reply, as a black-belt home brewer. A lot of things (sugar, salt) dissolve better when the liquid is hotter. This is the basis of making syrup or candy. But carbon dioxide (the fizz in soda and beer) can get dissolved in water at a pretty cool temperature, sort of its ideal maximum saturation. So warm soda wants to get rid of its CO2 quickly, and when you have any situation where you have a solute (the hard stuff) condensing out of the solvent (the wet stuff) it will look for little imperfections (these are called nucleation sites) and condense out. Pouring warm soda into a mix of different objects (glass, ice) and temperatures will cause it to condense out all the gas. You could make the situation even worse by shaking it, which will create little variances in density. This means more nucleation sites. & #x200B; All solids/liquids/gasses that can be dissolved in other solids/liquids/gasses have an ideal state. CO2 in water (soda) doesn't like being warm.


Question: how do debt consolidation companies make money?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <thinking> </thinking> and
<answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <thinking> reasoning process here </thinking><answer> answer here </answer>.
Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <thinking> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <thinking> tag or after the closing </answer> tag.
- Do not include any text or commentary between the closing </thinking> tag and the opening <answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<thinking>
[Your detailed chain-of-thought goes here]
</thinking>
<answer>
[Your final answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do debt consolidation companies make money?

They negotiate down the debt with the credit agencies, contest debts and offer lump sum payments of a lesser amount. For example, a lender or credit card company who has held a $5,000 debt for 3 years, is suddenly offered $2000 upfront to call it even they usually take it, or a collection agency has bought a $1,500 debt from a store card account for $500, they will be willing to take a lump payment of $750. After paying off all creditors and negotiating what they can, they then add their service charge, call it a loan and you then pay them with interest like any other personal loan. Generally they want physical collateral, a house, vehicles or high value items, to back the original loan, as a physical assurance, they know you’re a bad borrower lol