14-0000

104- 10209- toot?

2025 RELEASE UNDER THE PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY ASSASSINATION RECORDS ACT OF 1992 2| Ranta
TCHS gg rome mete bab oor ‘is

\.Calef of Station, Buenos Aires ~~ + MABGUAPTIIS ME RO
seo Crief, WE
chief, E

‘Kéting Chief of Station, Madrid
+ § Se8s8CT

Counter Espionage
ais TEVESCHI, aka Inie TiSCHI

ACTION abort
FYI

REFERENCES.

" OTEN-13463, 29 May 1961

Ca reesipt of reference, Madrid Ststion traces wore run on the Subject
with negative results. Traces were also requested of the QUANTUM cervice
end on 21 Aucust 1961 they informed us that they had no record of the
Subject in their files. In this case the QUANTUM service also carried cut
trscas in the .UOTA files for KULAIK,

cereal TD
ANTHOLY Be + LLikAKS

2h August 1961

dstribution:.

2- Buenos sires .
2=- cfs

2=- cha

A errr IN At RID AN

<CAASSIBICA TION

‘SECKET:

USE READUS ETON -
afaces Pomms |
$1 38, 51-784 AND’ S?- x

Wrath aR OBSOLITE


1400000.

“DISPATCH
res HEADQUARTERS FILE no

vase WMS

SCHL OF SEs Stan,

Counter “pnionaco RE “43.37 — (CHECK “IX Cre)
Inig TOSCO (Possibly Late 224CT!1) MARKED FOR INDEXING

SUM
t

ACTION REQUIRED

@EFERENCES)

OL 1B63, 2 May 1961

Filo checks comiucted am Subject thronch Felico Liaison are nomitiw,

AUIS Ke OABULOKY

Distributions. .
Tasos Alrer


14-0000

epbierlan hms tena ite ait aed
0834519247" ut
MEADQUARTERS HUE HO
201-6145

SECRET

DISPATCH

Chief, WE (Attention AUDZSK).

‘Chief of Station, Madrid. -

‘Date

uief of Base, Barcelona Ac S- 13 June 1962 ; .

RE. 4¥3" - (CHECK “KX Crit} Ll
MAPEED FOR INDEXING :
'e NO INDEXING FEQUIFED

INDELUNG CAN BE JUDGED
BY QUALIFIED HQ DESK OMY

Counter Espionage
luis TEDESCHI, possibly iis TEDECHI

MTOM MOU OY your information

eS}
OIRW-18463

There are no base file or QUOTA traces

on Subject in Barcelona.

gee etre BL cheval

ne 3B. Friedwald

13 dune 196]

Distribution:
3 - Headquarters
2: “Madrid -

2 ~- Files |


14-0000

_Chiefs of Station, Rome, Madrid; CCB, Barcelona __
Chief of Station, Bueros Alres ame

ACTION PEQU HED WEPEFERCES

See paragraph 3

1. A source who has given highiy reliable information in the past, and
whom ve have no reason to question, bes stated that during 1943 one Luis
TEDESCHI was either being considered for recruitment by/or was actually vork-
ing for the RIS. According to the source, he was known to bave been active
ac a member of the Bpanish Commmist Party. The address used by TEDESCHI
during early 19.3 was Pichincha 969, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

2. The Buénos,Aires Station hee determined that a Luis TEDESCHI, born
2 February 1918, is listed in local police files az living at EL Donsdor 3150,
telephone 58-3717. YPurther investigation is being corducted there. Unfortu-
nately, Headquarters does not have the date and place of birth of Subject of
paragraph 1, The source bas indicated that Subject vas probably born in Italy
end may have been active in the Spaniah Civil War 1926-39. This, of course,
could explain his involvement in the Spanish Commnist Party.

3. It is requested that ‘Rome, Barcelona, and Madirid check btation and:
<Base‘ files for any traces of Subject.-- Liaison and police contacts may be
Spproached for any information available in their files.

4. Please address replies in this matter “Attention “KUDESK."

Distribution:
“2@- Rom - -.

, 1 - Barcelona
L-Medriag-
_L ~ Buenos Aires

DATE TYPED GATE DISPATCHED
. 1 2 JUN 198]
Moy toek

i

ORIGINATING
- TYPIST

wWE/X John D. Walker _sjs
° Soe

i OFFICE SYMBOL QFFICER'S NAME

| celal pt f-Giea

ahem aSanabat cata anid

=a,

Wise Se
ae “DISPATCH.


14-0000

~. oe ORT

DRAFT

7? February 1961

MEMOPANDUM FOR: Chief, CI/Project
SUBJECT? Luis TEDESCHI

1. This office is extrenely intercsted in obtaining ail available inforration
on ore Lui8 TEL=ESCHI, who was reported to ve residing at Pichincha y69, Suenos

FAG be ry -
Aires, ,in the early part of 1743, at which time he allegedly was of interest

to the PIS. The attached document refers to a lus

this adaress in 1Yu2 and to an individual by the name ot TELESCHI who had
resided at Estacos Unidos 6366 in lyu2. Apparently the information as shown on
the attached document was obtained through mail intercepts.

2. We would appreciate having you tell us if you know of any way we mizht
locate the intercents referred: to and possibly any other intercepts directed

to TELESCH deta Ke a4", Were & Saab ita bay ae pieceliow
. ra

y

BIRCH D, O'NEAL
Chief, CI/SIG
Attachment: 1
Distribution:
Orig. & 1 - Addressee
2 - CI/sic

CI/SIG/EAGEgerter: jm


14-0000

—+-F DISPATCH

ce

Sige mentee rca tet — CRATING |= sameeren creer syne Him. mngearenn niece Ses

SECRET

ed accom
Pore ALTON PLIGrES

“Chief of tation Lene s Aires :

mat
Chief, dH

a) .
} PESLOAPTURS DESK
1 02% FOE INDE TING

1
“PROCESSING _ ]

pen

SRACT .
Counter Intellizence/Luis T D0 Or} Be ny helieved to be Lage
ACTIOM REQUIRED REFERENCES ot
a See Paras. 3 and h
. HABA=9016 of li November 1960
ma > f

f

1. Headquartera regrets thet it has been unable to learn the date and place
of birth of the Luis TEDESCHI who, according tu a usually reliable source, was being
considered for recruitment in 1923 by the RIS, or was actually workinz for the EIS.
As stated in Hidhd-6515, our seurce reported that the address used by TEDSCHL during
the early part ef 1943 was Pichincha 969, “uenos Aires.

haga been found in @ 1912 document hich anrears to have been based on censorship

repcrts. This document indicates that TecusCi a address, as given above, was a
ty cover address for a ule (Union Demooratica sspanola) manifesto sent from Cuba,

Also one TuutSCHI, Estados Unido 436t, Buenos Aires, vas given as a cover address

in a secret writing message. A copy of the pertinent portions of this document
is attached.

2. Colleteral information cn Lois TiDeSCHT of Pichincha 569, Buenos Aires,

3. It is hoped that a unilateral surveillance on the Luis TEDEDCHI living at
Bl Domador 3150, Buenos Aires, 1f instituted as the station planned, will be
fruitful. Headquarters will be extremely interested in any further information on
this individual you may be abie to develop, as it is possible that he may be linked
with Communist and/or RIS activities in Cuba as well as being used locally by the RIS.

1, As KUDESK is currently handling thia case, it is requested that the slug
FEDKOOD not be used.

OLIVER G. GALBOND

Attachments 1

BATE TYPED DATE DISPATCHED

. CROSS REFERENCE TO DISPATCH SYMBOL AND NUMBER

“HAB6669 7"

1 -
Distributions t - :
Orig. & 1 - Addressee, |

. with one attachment ASSAM
- SECRET _

i

eesgtebed at ates os

- : ORIGINATING

2 BE |

Af 1 = WH/2,n0 atts} 7 srg Better jm

, \Ay: ELD for Z0l~ es i/ COORDINATING 4
Pew in. k 2092s 2 <A - Wien yan - :

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. Zz RELEASING .
~ J OFnCE symone . CATE. LOFRICERS SxGRATY

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DISPATCH

| Re Ewe eh Deed DO Wak — -

> NI

—

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TON ° : cn


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~ hae” aut fy ABW ~ 6669

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12S Poy:
FROM 4 No nase, BAVANA, OUTTA “
: TO 0: GR, LIS TEMS SrNC,  RICITWCHA 849, Wont) AlhnS, AR CENTINE, :
Bib gly to leh sucust 1S2 9 & an
os
: Pot

. ee8 COVED Sontatng Racortg Nowe,
fron inverviews with -erecne oe. sy otecme : in, axt deser:™ ‘oe

sutitude so? tie Spantah pao le tc tru war and resents whe axte
i ef Jucman renetrath sin Bain ent cf Semst st the Atia. the Be tivities
ex stantin: o£ politdesl narties af we RL aves Left 14 eatn, and cenerd

nat

ef P@rorts merc Sling 640. .e

diving ¢ondbcians in the miuntry. Tita ere
o£ born Soul u-st ac Falan tet s

‘ ERSTI OS RBSORTS, .
ee jo othe

TRI. 1002/62, TRI,11¢°3/42, Pe
, TRIA245.7, ard PL.14201/42 cover cr-ps of re; ree cr the sam subject. .

; 8/4555 covers a greup of re:crtg on the Bpardah ;olitiod =
scene, possibly from the sang source ag the o
.F : - above, whith osy ce VICENTZ CRI3E, the Ca.sunist
: : ; lester, wicse hewiquertera are in CUBA. 3e¢ i
: , ~ ALBC Biel GSN7/42, 37P.14974/42, SER. 192ER/42,
: dedrquecd, LUIS TEDESCHI, io stewn by FRI. 18526 /S2 to be a cover edcreaa for

=
i
3
i
an
i
5
i
i

6 ULOk, or CPE EATION ESPA‘CLAS Hanifesta sent fro: Cuba, Be say
, éleo be to TEDSSOIT, SSTADCS “MI TOg |8gKs wh is giver as a ouvar edcresa
i. in the s.w nessege in TRI.34725/42 (secret).
: Get YONGE oe

“AGl-

a eT


‘SECRET

FEY ype ; Peral _*
. madame FRENO

: engacns: or 01-6115
_SCCUENT WORD Set cf

Chief, WD
Chdef, SRD

‘Chlef of Station, Buenos Aires -

GE 433 — (CHECK a One)
MARKED FOR INDED HG
NO INDEXING FFQU'?ED

wel = — .
“REDROOLY PROVE
lis #TRUEDCET !
Achon tae: INDEXING CAR BE 22 DGD
BY QUALIFIED KQ CESK ONLY

_-See_Paragraph 2__ wees cee i"
< HABR-6915

1. In view! of the fact that Subject dispatch presented a
possible lead to an RIS agent, it was decided to do a unilateral
check on TSDSDCEI rather than refer the matter to liaison, As a
result of investigations undertaken by-EIPAIA-1, the Station learned
thats: !

‘Tais TEDEDCHT
Is: Listed in the Puenos Aires police files as

living at El Donedor 31505 Fath telephone number

58-3717, and has ao record o: police offences.
This L indi vi dual was born on 2 February 1918,
oe wie _ rte be
2. If possible, it is rezuested that Headquarters attempt to
confim the above date of birth with the source of reference, The
Station plans to institute a unilateral surveillance on Subject, and

will keep Headquarters informed of pertinmt developments,

Cot anak

Distribution:
3 - Chief, WD
1 = Chief, SRD
1 - Chrono
Le File: 201-6145

6 chan/ ‘okb

fee % wpe

‘USE PREVIOUS EDITION:
GERACES FORMS, — >
Hi, 51-28A AND 51


DISPATCH | va Te

16 1 . a
Chief of. Station, Buenos Aires.

ae

eM AEDT
| MASc AR TERS DESK
+) TAN 7.2 IROLIING

fo sasteact

Chief, WH Division

ALTION REQUIRED REFERENCES

See Para. 2 Coen

2. A source who has given extremely reliable information in the past,
has stated that, during 1943, one Iaisa TEDESCHI waa either being considered
for_reczuitment by the. RIS or was actually working for the RIS. TEDESCHI a
_was known to have besn an active member of the Spanish Conmmunist Party,
The addresa used by TEDSSCHI during the early part of 193 was Fichincha 969,
Buenos Aires, Argentina. ~ wes
2. Our source vas unable’ te provide further information on TEDESCHI
and Headquarters! files contain no pertinent identifiable information on
him. It is requested that you check all available records including any
appropriate local services for any information on TEDESCHI that may be a
available. . ‘

| _
~----------------+- Net. t6p 17 7 OCT 1960

DISPATCH SYMBOL AND NUMBER

1

CLASSIFICATION:

_SECRET. oe EUS — 5: - 287-4 WV

ORIGINATING

OFFICER ‘> TYPIST
AEGEgerter © jrm
COORDINATING

“oblate ae

RELEASING
Med Chiet, WH/S. Cs


SUBJECT: Luis TEDESCHE

1. <A Source, who has given extremly reliable
information in the past, stated that, during 1543,
Subject was either being considered far recruitment by
the RIS or was actually working for the RIS,

2. -Subdject is kmowm to have been an active
member of the Spanish Corsumist Party. Tne address
used by Subject during the errly part of 1943 was
Pichincha $53, buenos Aires.

3. It is requested that Latin Anerican, -as well

as Spanish ani Portuguese stations be asked to check
@vallable local services for any possible traces cn
4

Bubject.
: a
fie


14-0000

SECRET

rBhee Faltod Ens

REPROOUCTICH ROUTING SHEET
BRANCH |ROOM & BLDG. /PHONE

CYS1E | /¥e8 3

FEGUEST wD.

a
“
“
°
ng
a
ei

°
.
5
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ITY AND Ah

mongers
REMAIN

71253 SECRET


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REPORT MADE EAT “fe Date | RERIOD COVERED 5 MADE BY ~
a CUBA} Le Mer 46 jis eanelu Cisrence D. Lloyd
“SUBJECT ? STATUS 7 °
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GENERAL Mottems ore . Bystrica og ‘ .
SPECIFIC

souRcE TA = DA Phlees BeALACRATICS : '

so icencitica
255 also subzitted as >acksround
Eetertel th es & vaals for investicetions of

Spanish Conn

, ADUTNISTRATIVE ADDENDUM: 3 ;
: . .
Ts date no fon lias been rcceived tha
link any of reyor nercin to tho
in reference it is re secgthat this
: ‘ is quite vagce ana ts not conclus in any vay,
honed thet, oy ueine it as a tesis for our inves ;
A ay ,

mare contrete cetails re
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fn reference, can be obte .
teing furnished to our Tield s
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satcredl DE eae

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3. Enclosure to Tiil-.-255, report on expenses, cites payments

to: . . .
“17 in ver. .

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source A reported that

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wEeucnter of Diuaris - :7 in Var and Arr:

(2)

reopresent= Te

: tne the Assoc atio Datants of
tho Spanish Rerudl fpoke at a ceronstration :
in front of the Er Legation in Cuba held as
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: ground workers in . ‘

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“HS elected In « eanuary 1845

my 2
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Cece _ 4. Others mentioned in reference TiH=T-258 - vanes 3ETES
fot ANTELTIAs CONCHSTA, SULALIO, VITT miot doa identle °
ra Tied in aay sway with persons nazed in Source . files. .
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munist sroups and indivieusls. 7
Since the meager inforration sv
back two-four voars-eor the mers
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Popores DilieS77 and Tii-336 concer

no inquiry rogarding him is beincs
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t. . . : 17 teg4
via AS DISPATCH KO, OT 74=39
(SPICY Y AIR OA SLA POUCH)
” CLASSIFICATION
wo: Chief, iat DATE: 12 “orch 1954
{
FROM: <Actinn Chict, Trieste Substation Tire: Sonfor Rep., Rome. y ‘.
. wi
SUBJECT: cGenenan— = ).2EL Te!
seccmtc— = Summary oF Reports Submitted by Lt. Col William Washincton
MEF, THEE 275°
Attaened hereto is a surmary of rm porte relative to poscitie disturbances in
Trieste which sas prepares Ly CesTacst for the mectin> cAccribed in reference.
4 : . é
Enclosures 1 G2 report
6 Nareh 195),
Distribitions
J - Heacquartcrs w/cnel
oe 2 = Rome w/encl
1
1-

Torep eg

” CLASSIFICATION


14-0000

v5 oF .
VIA: : pIsPATCH Ho, _©274~28
(SPLIT AIR GR SLA Py
CLASSIFICATION
To : Cilel, ui DATE: Se a catals] och Sock, SOREN
FROM i Ketin« Chiel, Tricsto Sutstatioa Cs Scndor ica., Koro

SUBJECT: cencraL—

Seceric—— ficnay of deporte Cubsitted br Lt. Col /dfau Vastin

orts relative to possible cicturtanecs in
ai op

fy for tie reetiny ceceriied in reference.

Attached herets 4s a cunsary of Get
Tricste which was prepared uy C2/s

Jaies B. bicvins
Enclocurer: 2 C2 scport
. 6 March 195)
Dintritytions

3 = Veadquartcrs w/enel
2 = tore w/cacl

tte
J

CLASSIFICATION


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tha ta certita scnter of his -vorn ta tn poccannten of arms tod expicsivie

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a ee ee _—— meee a een

wa: ATR DISPATCH NOL __STTAS3TC9
CFEC TF Am Le She ey ~
To: Chief, 53 vale: 2 feeruary 195
-ae TlsO: Senior bepress
FROM: Chial of Michion, priest! penkor Kepeesoutallye, Tome

SUBJECT: Genera ITT /iNTOL

IGF

2.

setcwie— “TST ietivities and Plans for 20 March 195

BID: QCS$y STTA=3657, catec 1h Jancary 1954

22 Jaisery

Fay nz held on vila Rismonds.

cent - 3 the ctucents
of noi avane Talia” necviscble tod areinst the sentences
imsosed on stsceats «ho pz pavec in tne love enber riots. Instead, he

davitec then to concentrate near efforts and attention on preparations for
20 arch, prouising that he wouln autnorize student demonstrations on tnat Gates

3e It is ruv ved that anew clencestine orgenization, composed of aoproximately
— 268 yee who are sexters of the VSI and other parties, is teing formed
under Brand FYESETTI (TSO Covent: Bruno STTI is possidly identical with
Salvator SItl.) PATS crganisation consists of action squads of twenty

he

to twenty-five men, each squad being unccr one leader, ‘SuiTI was expected
to return fron Rone during the weexend of 2}8fu January with arms and funds
for this organization. Ia the opinion of source, these arzs and funds are
supplied by pron ninent Masons in Rome and Milen. Source stated that the ore
ganization is teins fersed with tne knowlecse of GUPTERSSOUCRICH, although
the latter attempts to ovade any responsibility thorefor.

The action squad leacors 5::t eaily in different locations to aiseusa provress.e
At the present tim tuey nave no headquirterse Their principal tack appears
to te ine formition of pleas for demonstrations on 20 Haren, They State tnat
20 March will oe their day of revenge against police. ‘ine following persons
are leaders of action squads:
/
Constanyino DS MRC
Aurelis DIALISIO
Pasquale EVONAIUTO
sorario ZCOLS
VSEINA (fnu), brother of Duilio “SASHA
Natale s=A


14-0000

S. The following data is fron
is -PILSE: Date of in

750,[0/309(i:), caved 19 January 1595L.
ormation is 1& Jenuary 1554.

om Ti]

© $t7T TA 3IAG

5 Feoruary 195k

page 2

The following ‘SI

members née >in tne purlet Callopin, in Piazza Colcoai:

Constantino
relio DIaLess S50
Pasqusle BU

4

- razio z ECOLN (arm ed with pistol)

Subjects discussed MASSETTI'S trip to Renz

« su) (armed with pistol}
Natale ERA

on 16 Jancary, arriving on i5 January, end naa teleononea Trieste that

he would "coring back the goods.”
It was cecided to use acid in

demonstrati on 20 Marche

Tne meeting also discussed plans for
small bottles

in linitec Ghantities against the police.

MSI arms stored tnere.
f
mere. /
1 -
tae ene 4 a

\ s

NU

30 January 1954,

Distributiens
3 + Feacquarters
122 © Rona

6. Gry: TECESCHY (fnu), sanagar of the Ridotto in the Rossetti Theater, keeps

Yicnael L. Rosemont

Source

MAHSEITTI had left for Rone

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Date_of Information Jilyz 1952. E/ 2272

Country: ITALY
sQuntry

"*

Subject : The S.?.I.2,

Kkechino Tool Factory, MILAN

ovdlanil es

Remarks:
ee

Source : Boltfeved reliable, based on docur

wet; f2-Jafe-

nontary avidenca,

rt

id De a bts

eke

Hee nnd ee eae os


14-0000

Te wai Pirn, ‘skich degigns achincry for construetion in othr Suctorica,
: has ita i.e nderl offices in Visl. . 2 66 “ad its solos dcrertacnt ia
Jia T, Prices. 3, - stan". :
erconwdtics : .
Earnie poo
2 She & mager io(sry SESS -oy a Gera’nud yormr canager of a :
Geraan oackine tool factory. He is assistd by Ins, 2ULESAI and by otacr :
id Gales,
' tcohnici:as, , _ :
: 3. , te Phra ecsiras w.d/or -redue.s on a sub-contracting basis tie “
: folloring types of reehines i
- Heohine toale for the ranuo.ecture of cieroa becring balls, steel :
. “. bearing bilis, cylincrics:) roller bicriazs, esnica. rolicr be +zings,
ceges Tor ball bearings, external and internal rings for ball
Pee, cos bearings, sczing needles, bicyele accescorics, fount for typcariters, :

ceccntric prcesces for hot end cold steaming, sendpapcring cachines,

mcelal Grinicrs, oscill<ting griné:rs, a icctors, rotary rol.ing ; ; ‘

sills, control instruncntz, pncusatio haz “rs, splining acchines, ‘! j
a mo Doe ee ee eR.
_. |. weetifiers, presces, drilling w.chines, polishing aachincs, : os .

7 - * he | With the cxccytion of sor: very e.nl) itccs, th. cachincs designed =§ =~
:. +. by thc Mirm are not cover.d by poteata,
Destination of Cutrut, . Do ——-

| Ste firats oroducta ar. sald on the home market, ,

14-0000

a cy

BOP SicRIE* ——- coy :
“yp bree ; fo ‘ . oi
FROM ¢ No nane, HAVANA, CUBA. oo ;
TO 8 SR, ETS THESE, —PICIONCHA 969, BUENOS AIRS, ARGENTI KE.

ws eabte

@Bth duly to 14th august 1942 ¢ Spanish & 734

eww

OPINEO! ASD CONDITIONS IN SPATR_e_PEP37S C7» ILD SY CRMINTSTS any an
PR INT VIRSS WITH PASSEI LES PR SPAIN.

This ccver cconta‘ns Rerorts Noe. S50 - 3, SSS = 8 ani 571, ccorpilod
from interviews with -ereons w » have recently laft Spain, and describe the
attitude cf the Scanish peo-le tc the war and to their Gov-rnment, the extent
of Garman penstratié rn in Sain ant of Spen'sh aid ‘o the Axis, the activities
and standin: cf nclitical parties of the Richt and Left in Spain, and fenera
living condi tiona ‘r the cuntry. Thies ercup cf reports wntaing o-intons
of both Coz.utat anc Falanist syspath.sers. :

PREVIOVS RECORDS:

TRI.10001/42, TRIL116°S/42,
TRI, 24527, and TRI.14201/42 cover gra ‘pe of repurta on the sams subject.

a } 556s

8/4555 covers a group of reports on the Spant eh politica
, scene, possibly from the eame source as the
above, which may be VICENTS URIBE, the Conmuniet
leader, whose heaiquarters are in CUBA. Jee
algo BER+14867/42, BER.14974/62, BER. 19252/42.

Addresses, LIS TIDESCHT, is ahown by TRI.13828/42 to be a cover address for =. ;
@ U2D.8. (CONTIN DEMOCRATICA ESPASCLA) Manifesto sent fro: Cuba. He may
@lso be tue TEXESCIT, LSTADCS "X'DOS 8348, who is given as a cover address
in the sow messaze in TRI.14725/42 (secret).

RZPORT Mo,350

. Results of our first converaat: n With a -cung nan from TORREL: VEGA,
SANTOR, about 28 years cld. At the ceginnin; cf tie war Le was in the
army in KOROCCO and spent the whole war in Frenco's army. Ke comes from a family
of suall yerare=cmers. Kaither he n.r any of :is fanily nave celonged to any
political party cr syndicate although bis syzpat:ies have aways Leen on the left.

SPANISH ATTITUDE TO THE REGTES AND THE WAR. — He saya that the inmense
. Majority cf the Sanish pecrle ia against Franco ef4 the Falange, workers, peasants,
; exsployees, bourgeois, big and small and a large prorortinn of the soldiers
and the R,quetes. He says that everyone hopes for the victory of the Allics.
. In it there is a blind trust, especially when the U.S.. entered the war ap the
oo U.S. and Englani are the nost powerful countries in the world, especially with
the assintance of Russia. Only the Falancistes desire and plan for the victory
of Hitler, even though "there are many Falanzists too who taxe a vory black vow
of "Yin®,” He says the Bajority of people symathise with England. They have ... ._ .
complete faith in the Hictory of the Democracies. There are sup ortere of the |
USSR, but the inmense majority, according to our informant, do not like “eonturk em®
and prefer Democracy. H iz obviously rather muddled by the Falangist pro: aguds —
against the U.S.S.R.° Ee says that the entrame of the U.35.R. into the war gave
’ , Fise to happiness all over the world, alth:ugh there had.been a creat deal of
cos _— confusion before, through the "Treaty of Aid between Rusaia and dgrmany. But this
 «  ;- confusion disappeared with German az:resaion agai net. the U.S.5.Re: He says that
the German defeats on the Eussian front raised <crale. end. renewed everyone's =. = =
confidence in victory. Hitler's adnission in his speech of how cuch.they had: . ae
2)” .. weffered in Russia in winter, ani. that they were cn the edge of catastronhe.- . ‘ le
“..- | produced’ great joy among the people. Ke says that the entry of: the-U.85 into.
ig». Cah Rar caused a very cob’ Depression; and increased fai late confidence. am
‘" , ‘detory although Pearl Barbour caused some dencralisaticn, Be says that no one ~
wishes Spain to enter. the:war, except the Falangists;»

a TP Sa etre ees

age ah cae Sree meee COME OA I rete tase

i
zo
!

“Franco does. n

aah 28


14-00000
; . . when . poe ¥

8/4612

himself; and desires neutrality “ut gince thcse who command are Serrano Sunar | ke . 3
and the alangists, francs bas n> choice tut to do what Hitler orders him, and. 2
there is serious danger of war for Spains He says trat the Anglo—Soviet and the sO ;
Soviet—Acerican pact are “aswn through the Palancist ress which has.spoken of ° ‘ }
_them. They made a very good ixpression on the pecple., Asked if he knew that’ :
the said pact stinulatec tiat after the victory mations would have freedom to
decide their destinies witiozt foreicn interference, ta says yes, thé press
published it, Aco t tne Secont Front :6 says t:.at everyone trinxs of it, and
is hopinz for it to o en if fp. ssitle tiroizh Spain. That the day they disembark,
all tha reo-le will riage. Asxed what the peonle world do in case of a lanitng .
in France, he said that his co irion waz that 4f that happened the Svsanish
peorle would rise, evan tuce } t..@ invasion was not on their coasts. The agreement
about the Second Front is aiao ‘:nown. He says the reoble wno are most fervent
Suprorters oF tre Nazis are Scrra:: Suner, Pr'vero de Rivera, and a certain
Cuunt wiose name he does .ot .not. He often sgys tha. he -nows novhin,; of politics,
because he only read te sports "eas in the napers and did ot want to cnow any=
thing about the Falanve. He says tiat there are many preparations for war; they
are zaxing fortificatiuns cn tie ccasta cf Calicia and placing a considerable
amunt of artillery there. He says ttat the p-litical force of the Falange and
the syndicates is Cartifictal": ev rrone hates them. The ;:e0o,le telong to the
s.mdicate oacause they can't pulp it, tvt they do not pay chair dues or take
them serioualy. Discontent has even reached tiie ranks Of ‘ie Falance. Many
Clerks, students, and peo;le w'> joined it thinking they “were going to steal the
music" are now v:ry discontented, and do not pay their dues, ani when they are
threatened with oeing expelied «hey say that is what they are waiting for, for
the Falange to play at "fisticuffs*, There are many officers in the army wo
are rot in agreement with tre Palance or the idea tnat Spain is to po to war,
The coat violent cp ositio:: comes from qeipo de Llano and Yarue. No one knows
where Queipo is coing and Yavue ‘s thcught to be in exile in the Frov. of Pontevedra, :
Both were cashiered, queipo for protesting against food leaving for Germany and : .
Yague cecauze in a speach at Zarazoza, he said — "we do desire a creat and i
free Spain, but without any Plue S:irts, Red Siirts, or prisoners."
All the serzeants say tnat they are very discontented, hecause they earn :
S pts. wich keezs them very snort and o: tue soldiers be says-*in a word they are ;
bungry, many years in tarracks, and then the danger that they tight be sent to
war", He says tiat they arz well-uniformed, just as well as Defore the war.
‘They have dismissed the 1941 Draft. He thinks that there was very little sympathy - 4
for the Division am: and tne seople lauched at thcge wro volunteered. 40 ‘
were forced to zo, cthers went cecause they were hungry, and there were, velinteers.
He says that survivors came back 1. a state of canic, there was a lack of food
amd equipment, several of then mutilated themselves in orzer to escape fron
this inferno. All say that the Russians srevery wellearmed and fight with
great courage.

HELP 7) THE NAZIS. — He says that his opinion is that a great deal of food is
taken to Germany, althouzh he can give nv details, bat if there is no food and olive
oil in Spain where is it? He says that in Torrelavesa the "Fabrica Continental® 4
is working at high pressure, maxing tyre covers, while in Spain transp-rt is held ‘
up for want of then.

THe CHUSCH. —- He says that it is not true that in the Church there are anti
German amd Anti~Falanzist sroups. The supporters<’of the Re-ime are the Falange,
the Germans and-t:e Clergy, in that order. The Church.wishes for the triumph
of G.rmany, in spite of her antieCatholic policy becuuse they b elieve that-in--—--—-
; : . that case they will be able to preserve their pcaltion of influence. Ha says
bo : . that English and Russian news canbe heard alth ugh it.ia-very difficult and is
noe _ _ forbidden although there is no watch or inspection. He says tat everybody is -
ae _ against the Falange and submissione to Germany, includin; the nonarchists and the
ot S rich on whom tos Falangists irpose large fines for racketeering, Many of the
. 7:7 ' 1). monarebists, bourgeois etc. are on the side of England. Democracy is considered a
° “gw possible substitute for the Rggime. A democratic Republie like there was) | ao
before the war. A Rezime of peace and work.. Speaking: ofthe solution ofthe =.
- present situation, he says that they want a regime.of peace and not a revolution: -
/ Thget he contradicts himself by saying t dit will not. be achieved, by: peacelel
‘ mame. He says that this would be the best but that the: deatha,:
“ orines must be avensed. a

1
0

t
4
“4
a
14
q.
wad
'

ee neceen cymeee ut

14-0000

of the” Civil Quard was sit for having gone for a walk along fat his: ‘oan. Fiske. .

3/1612

The peo;le are very united and there are «ct the old differences tatween the
parties of the Frente Popular. The policy of National Unicn ds unknewn, te has
heard +. cue s;eax of Lt.

DETAILS FP THS PEOPLES S:AUUGEE  — He says tiat he thints that secret
orcaniaalione funeti sn, especially in Bilbao and he says particularly "It is

city of brave <en*, Hs says vhat notices rainted o1 the walls are aften scen
there, He cnly remembers one "Less Franco, more w.ite oread", Asked if .
the n.tices were aisned Ly any party -e says o>, because .+ wold ‘ive away
the pe.zle who had dona it. He says that nd cnews, decausy ie was told, that
in Bilbao there were illegal pamphlets ami even a newspaper i- eire: cation,
Dut he does not know tneir content. ie toinks that there ‘ust have been a
clandestine press, vut ‘as he was iiever an idealisi tha peaple who lid t:.aa
things would not trust h.m, and as he is o.t of everythings ne doesnt know
any details". He says he tiinks tual ins psorle sorking in “ilbao are
nationalists and communists, especially tha latter, That a ‘ew -cnths ace
two Italian submarines, badly aamaei ty English planes, came into Santander.
Two ‘hundred persons were arrested for discuse. ng this, ani uany peorle

_ thoucht that the secona front has already Legun. He vives * mora details.

Ke says that Serrano Suner was tae object of an altack in Madrid when 'e met
Arress, ami when tne latter tried io protect Suner ne was seriously wounded
and had to undergo a critical o eratlon. asioi ‘f ha thoucht there was

sabotage etc., he says sic = toe digorganisatic: of she train services ia due
to all the employees being new anu mut knowing their businasa,

SUERILLE"O3 -- He says ti.at "Bl Carinoso® was wors‘a> in Santander and
"The Railwayrnen® too; that "El Carinoso" cane fran Uercmes and had his
headquarters in Santander. That Le was recently ki Llea throurh quarrels and
Smbroglios caused Ly ids girlfrient wis was fron the J.C. and rad another

‘Lover, acd it was be who was arrested at the same time as El Carinoso. I* was

he who informed against them all. Many peo: le love the wverilleros, al thosch
there are sany pev.la %.. halp tlew throuch fear, as for exa: plea relati-n of

Yis from wion they tox .is onl; ;ig, tut in -eneral the Geerilleros tenave excellent

ly. "El Carinoso® ras cnce in Barcelona, where te went in a cab to get tis
teeth fixed. El Carinoso was :.ot a politician tut tcok te tis tountains in
order to avenge the death of ig cousin who was assassinated by the Falanze.
That they often, like <..c guerilleros of Asturias, disguised themselves as Civil
Guard, wert doen to tre villages, and arrested the Falanists. But where ‘nere

‘are bak most Vuerilleros,and the c:.t active,is in Asturias, Six months aro,

about three hundred cuer {vleros were ready to embark on the ccast in order to

leave Spain. But shere was a quarrel ana a terrific fight vetween these cuer-
ileros ani the forces .f authority, with many dead, and after that they

retreated to the aountains. He says that the politicians doxmxenm who are

most po ular are Prieto and Asana. Some speeches of Prieto's t.ave been clr—

culated through Bilbao, :ut he dbegs not know what they say. ‘here is also in

circulation an article, reproduced from an English paper, reprinted by an

euaployes in the Real Com. aAsturiana, de Ing. Resitlicana. The article refers tc the

powers ani resources uf the Allies and their chances of victory. He says

he does not know of any activity of tie comunists, that this is obviously the

activity of other people who are nct cocnunists; tha. for examle the man who

reprinted the article and those who read it were all on the Republican Left, ant

if there is any comunist activity it is so camoufla-ed that no one knows who is

the autour: —He-says that durirg the crossing they were detained by the Enrlish

in Sermida and in Balzimore by the Americans. That the Bnciish made a short

exanination, they did not interrogate them in front of everybody ani left

‘them the. letters they carried.” In Baltixore they were interrogated one by -ne

and were asked about fortifications, food, if they sent it to Ggrmany, etc.
When our informant said he had been in Frmco's arzy up to the war: they asked | him:

"why he did uot desert to the Republican aray.

" SOLIDARITY. — He says there is no organisation for solidarity, that. ‘this. only
_ exists between croups of friemis who have a relati:n or acquaintance: in prin,
. Shey are pot allowed to visit. the prisoners wore than once a-week. Hé ‘says that.

the kill. oes on, and that in Vog,. a few days b:-fore he léft, a “‘Meuterant


REPORT No, 351

MARIA RODRIGUEZ, about 29 years cld. Comes froa a confortably-off peasant
family in the Province -f Orense. Sheis very sluggish and at evary: Question
rezeats that she dows not know and that women do not understand many thin 8.
She had only a little nure than an hcur to apare as she was busy in the evening
and had to leave for the interior in the morning,

WAR — She says t!.at she was surprised when she arrived in Havana as she thinks
there is nore enthusiass in Sain than here ani acre confidence in an American
victory. The peasants “like everyone else" would like the “Anerican® to win,

even ti.ose cn the Right are sure the Germans will lose. She cannot explain the
nature of Franco's assistance to Hivler, she says only tuat [as it was the

Cermans wro won, Spain owes them core tnan it has®, Shs cannot te sxplicit,
elther,abozt the dangera of war, but shé says that Francofs suldiors, the young
men in zeneral,and as a cuncrete instance a withar of hera wi. servei five joie
in Franco's apmy, gayQ'cnat they mil go up into the acuntain and shoot befcre

golnz again t+ the war, About tne Divigion Azul sha knows on: that when it

was first formed a volunteer left from her district. Hae was a-: outlaw who -
had committed crimes and she says trat he went throuch fear of the consequences.
The people do not like the Blue Division. They were aot aske scr anything for the
Avoluntders".

FUTURE PROSPECTS — She insiata that there is great confidence that it will soon
Change. So much so that a Republican who was Lidden for years and afterwards
discovered told her to tell her husband "Do rot leave beacuse things will soon change®
The villaze las a hundred inhabitants, and she says that they all hope it will
change; but fron what we can gather thie confidence is based entirely on an
Allied victory. She says that if tne English vupened a second front in Spain the
peozle would revolt, but she says che Las heard no o; iniona on thig point. the
peo:le speak without fear. She relates that the Falangists tried to take a
pistol from har father and that he hid it. They threatened hia, they took him in
“8 car telling Skumcteudaxmiuck him that they were poling to knock hie head off,

but the old manr emained firm, telling them to do what they Jiked. They did not
do anything to him nor dia they get the pisicl. As an example cf solidarity
against the Falange the old man said he bad sold the pistol to a man who was
going to America. They told him to prove it, the cld'trought as witnesses two
peasants who lived more than a league away, without having agreed on a story
first, but being quite convinced ti.at the veagants when they aaw the Falangista,
if only for the saxe of contradicting them, would say thai what he said was true,
A little later they sent nim a notice for a Falanzist meeting and he refused to
go. She does nd know if tne other peasants did.

ARMY — She knows t.at a short time aco thay disvissed tne 56 (1956) Draft.
Her husband was on service in Qrense and deserted and went to Cuba. Immediately
the Captain of the Company and a lieutenant went to him house to make inquiries.
His.brother told them "Yn his circumstances I do not mow what I would have
done®, and the captain and the lieutenant went away saying - "He is right",

PEASANTS. — AS we have already said, she belongs to a family which ia om
fortably off, they have several labourers in their employ. She says that the dy
la bourers, and the farmer are eGually gainst the Government and the Germans,

To illustrate tne situation she says that the daily wage is 20 pts. without -
food, .and_8_with-food.—-They-ell-prefer the 5 and food, because otherwise they

have nothing to eat. The peasants are very discontented, and show it openly

® the Falancist officials when they come to inspect the harvest: and when they
Bix the prices, saying - "They have no right to do it, it is an abuse®, but it -

‘appears that it mes no further then this. They have not requisitioned anything

but thayforce them to sell to the official buyers who isene permits authorised

buyers. Yhese individuals take the produce to large shops and amass recal..
. fortunes. A Guintal of potatoes, they have to sell at 30 pta. and they are sold.
_ afterwards by the dealers at the standard rate of four or ‘ive ptas: the kilo, that.

is to say at a 800% profit, to private people who require thea. ‘And if the.
peasants take their produce to the market they have to sell. it at the standard rate to |

the dealers. Mo peastnt takes any rye to'the xarket, they. prefer to ‘run ths
Fiek of selling it to private peo le. This is. the only way in .#hich they'cm .”.


14-0000

-one of them fouzht

8/2612.

get other producte, They have imposed a new tax; they have to pay 15 centiases
for each vinestock. They have. fiven up the “oneish moal" and they are not
forced to contribute to auciiio Social. She sa. tat the tJovernment dogs not
know what is -oing on in the country. They distrivute the sulphate, not
according to the numer of vineyards, sot even according: to the number of
inhabitants, ec that her district which io wine country, gets less sul-hate
than the next ore and produces vary little wine, alth ush it has more

inhatitants. & kilo of sulphate is worth 39 ptas. = before it was worth SO
centines. She says that they ware taking a fow trings- to sncrica anithey made

thes pay in Fialato, in Grense, and ‘in Vigo, ani if they } ad passed throuch
more provincas they would have rai to pay again,

REPORT No. 552

Informativn volunteer:d by three Gal.ciar, sasants, oct meaburs cf politica
parties. They remained throughcut the war in Franquist territory, alth-ugh only
in the aray. Vary backward politically, antievramiulat,
a.d more anti-Palangist. ‘ith the axception oi one who was in Asturias as a
soldier, the othera nev_r left their village which 1s a hamlet in Galicia,

SPANISH ATTITUDE TO THE WAR AGAINST EXTLE:, —- The majority of the Spanish peorle

with the exception of the very rich and the Falanrista are azainst Franco amt the
Falange.
they have committed, and they are tha people who really wish for a German
vietory, with the object of aaving their skins, and the rcney they have stolen
from the people. In Spain, in general, nu one wanta the war, eince they are
exhausted, according to our informants, except for the Falangists. I, is said
that Franco ie a partisan of neutrality, and daily visits thea British Acbassador
at hie private residence and tas interviews With him. In spite of this they

- gay there is a danger of Spain being yushed int: the war acainat her will, because

in Spain tho Germans are the asters. All the world believes that the Allies
will be the victors except the Falanze. S8efore the attack cn Rusda =any people
were demoralised dy the Serman a vanses and beran to "thinithem invincible™,
When Rusaia ent.:red the wer, enthusiasm and confidence in Hitler's defeat
inereased enormously, but that was especially when the Russian victories began,
They say: - I do not know what would have happeted to us but for Russia;
the Hasis would be masters uf the world. Thay aleo say that the Hasi arny
will not stand another winter of war, that they have suffered such losses that
the next Ruseen winter offensive will defeat them although there 1a nc talk of
a Second Front. They are sure that the Democracies will win the war. They

- admire the rereietance of the U.S.S.Re They say that G,rmany has already lost the

war af a consequence of the losses suffered in 4ussig. The entrance of the U.S.

- into tne war contributed to increase the already existing confidence in victory.

They do not know of the Anglo—Soviet and Soviet-american agreements, nor. the
agreenent about the second front. One of our informanta asked us what" Hitler
19428 meant and whan wa told him he said that they also said it in Spain, because
in order to achieve it it was necessary to open a secon front. They think that
if there was a landing in Franca the people wuld rise, They also say that
there are rumours that they lami in Galicia and in this case thewhole of Galicia

would revolt to help the Allies. The same thing would happen in any part of Spaine

The*DIVISION AZUL® is hated by the majerity of ths people. ‘They say that the
majority have been“forced tc volunteer, amd explain how the recruiting is dont.

Anyone_who_does_not-want_to-zo_and_fight_Comcuniam, take a stpp forward, Some...  — .-

enlisted becsuse of the desperate situation they were in. Some enlisted, too, bec
decause they: were stalwart Palangists. .When the recrutts left the province

a great many pecple went to see them off, calling them “sons of bitches" and .
insulting their mothers. When one contingent of "Volunteers" came back. from the

Rusaian front at Irun they had to leave the train because the people ware stoning.

then. Mary people immbcum came back maimed ani with frostbite, They tell —.
terrible istories sbout the Osrmans and the horrors of the war. They say the ~°

‘Russians ‘are very brave and. fight with creat courage. That they heve large supplies

/ af am un‘ition, and that things. on the Rus:ian front are not ile the papere said .
“It Sas:/sent to them from Spain ani they suffered many hardships. :

wishetto return to Spain as soon as possible; they repented of having enlisted.

_ SHero hour for Bitler in 1942 %

‘e. They said that the food on the Russian front was very scarce and bads
They:all

They explain ti:at Falangists sea what is coming to them through the crimes


P GTVEN BY THE TRANQUIST REGIE MZ A'D TUB FRLANGS 7: “ITLER. —~ Bow and then
thoy semd reinforcemsnts to the Division A : Agy), in grcu;g of a thousand or

one thousand five hundred, ‘They say that/tr bFder to r-place the casualties and tho *

those who rewurn crippled. Even the Falangists themselves say - *he Russian
front is a very serious matter*.. Those whe are racrsited to replace losses

4n Russda are recr_.ted by force, by the process airescy menti.ned, Al) airmen
have to serve some mcnths on the Eastern Frout as “tralciag®. They say that
lately they were training avout 150 pilots toa emi them to Russia. The war
factories are worki:cat tigh pressure. The Germans are directing tie erection”
of an aerodrome in the province of Inzo. In Gal cla very Sew jeraans are to

be asen, Military instruction ia obiizatory for ocvs ard y.uths in the
"Frente de la Aliventud*, They dso train ycuths from 15 onwards to serve in
Aviation. a friend of the informants told them that there pess2i daly through
a city in the North [{fty card loaded wit war-naterial in tha directicn of the
French frontier. German submarines refuel at fedondola and Vigo. dH, says that
English esroplanes often maka reconnaissance flichts ovar the harcours of Jalicla.
Thay ovscribe Serrano Suner as the rost subservient to the Hasis ei in ceneral
to the Falangists wlo nave crimes behind them or wi.o rave vecome rich tnrough
‘roubing, the peo: ie.

Those w:.0 60 to work in Sprmany aie those workers Wro have ndwork, or even
if whey have any live in the createst poverty, They believe that by roing to
Germany they will be able tc solve their economic gsituarton and that of their
families, The groups asnt are not very large,accoriing to our informants, at laast
din Galicia. This is understancable because the Germats preier specialists.
According tu our informants, three workmen came back from Jermany who say that
in Germany “he situation is terrible, They hardly eat, there is great poverty.
They have the impression that Germany will not resist long in consequence of the
situation thers is in the country. They also say that a -roup of Spanish workmen
Were throm out of the country because "theyc aused trousle®,

FRICTICN BETA>EN THE RULTNG CLASSES == He does not knew of any dissenricn in the
army except sept the case of Yague and qtelpo, and gives daca wht ‘ch is already kn-m.
The soldiers in veneral are against the entry of Spain in‘o the war....They iive in
very bad conditions, badly fed, badly clothed ard iil-.reated >y the officers,
especially by the recently recruited Falangists. Thay all wish to te demob. Lsed
as soon as possible. They have demobilisec the '29 iraft. By thwir conversation
we ovaerve that the soldiers from the "national" and the "Red® zones receive
different treatment. In Galicia there are rany soldiers from Cataluga woo have
@lready spent several years in wna army. They do not sake it difficult for
youthe of military age to leave Scains they cited thelr own cases. One of them
is 18, the other 24 years old.

‘THE PSORLE'S PuST STANCE TO TPE WAR AND TEE FRANQUSST 3Z3tk# — They say that
there ia no resistance there at all, because no one can sn act, and passivity is

the opinion and state of a nd of the people. hen we insist they say there

have been various trdn smashes and some derailments wnich they think were due

to sabotsge as well as to the defective material. Everyoody knows the British
and Soviet war communiques and they are discussed in private conversation. Some
people teke them down in shorthand md later c.rculate them, Ha says that in Vigo
there is a secret transcitting station, out it was discovered dy the police and all
tiose connected with it shot. They were sald to belong to tie rapudlican Left
(*"Isqulerda Repudlican#) and szonz taose stot there was one doctor and other
inteliectvals. He does not “nom any more details, Weaen cosplain loudyin quaues
of the shortage of foodstuffs. fe krows because the ruccur went rund there that _
Prieto-nade a speech in the White House Eefore Roosevelt, and that Roosevelt
erbraced him saying that the Atericas were behind the Spani ards. This speech too
is circ-lating in clandestine copies, cut ne never eccld see one. He says tcat
there is no organised plitical activity because this is imossible. He tells
several ‘okes which are going the rounds, and Quo’ s this onee -. "Recently

they nade a film called “We Thieves are Hgnest Men®, Beneath the announcenent of .
this-film in Vigo, someone wrote "fhe Caudillots Own ords®. Ee says tke press —

: give most syace to the English War con-uniques ani tie U.S. war news bulletins. _

BOF THE PEOPLE TOWARDS Earl NaL UNION, —~— Talking -of.
_ ney vay textuslly "There, there are n. p @ are ony anti-franqu ate,
and all: the. differences: between sections of the’ Pepular Front have Aiserreareds

:


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with most |

. cag The ; i ans .
Lister is known and hee a following in Galicia. The politician cost, hated

prestige are Prieto and asana and Negrin, although Negrin is the
by the Falangists™. : . —_ aan

, 5 Regime to substitute for
FUTURE PROSPECTS. ~~ He thinks of the Repu ae ne das that the Repub:ic will

but without a revolution, and he immedia
cons because when the Germans are at their weakeat the res poopie heen
and avenge the crimes of the Falangists. Tho people 8.b oP Oe een ne
gee those who assassinated their relations dreased up ee. those oo near
Palange consieta only of professional assasgina and ro r ~, Tons wear
the shirt can be recognised by their faces. Those who join : Perens °
firet now do not want to know anything about it, and do not wan : yone bee weer
the shirt. ‘There is friction between Requetes end Falangi sto. ree ee Pee ah
hate the Requetes less than the Palangists. They say that the a sewn
only militariem and religion. Thore are many little boys who gan ray aiden
read, but wno can apeak of military o;erations with mapa, artillery aviatie °
A teacher who was dismissdd and came back to his post, told our informants at
the Ministry constantly senti thea bo.ks of military tactice, so that thay ¢o
teach them to the children. ‘The sumer camps for children consist of sending

boys to camp and teashing thom drill,

““QENERAL SITUATION CF THS PEOPLE, — They epoke of the terrible poverty endured by tt
the people, and the high price of food; wages have hardly. been raiged in comparl=
son witn thoge paid under the Republic, The Committees of Supply get hold of
agricultural products and only leave a small quantity per person for the whole
yeerts supply. Already in their village the Falange had listed the crop although
: they had not yet requisitioned it, which they had already done in other parte
. of Galicia, Palangists speculate in foodstuffs, salling thea at high prices
* and so got rich. He says that in Vigo a large quantity of rice went bad and hed
to be thrown into the sea because they wuld mt sell it to the pecple at lower . :
prices. The rationing % quite inadequate. ‘They wears a thole year without seeing | a
olive oil. Haturally on the Black Market it could be bught at 50 pte and more. :
Ina year they only had bread twice. A very small meal in a restaurant costa :
16 pta. Teo courses and dessert 25 pts. Ons of them was charged 75 pts. for
eating and sleeping in a pension in Vigo one day. A pair of shoes costs
25 pte., & poor suit 500, a dozen eggs 18 or more pts. ‘The people hate the
. Comaittess of Supply used by the Falangiets to make themselves rich. They
me say that there is the greatest immorality in all official organisations and
. everyons steals. _ .
‘In the prisons there are still meny people. They treat the prisonars very
_ belly. In the prison of Oviedo, which has a capacity for 600 there are sore than
- 8,500 prisoners. There are batallions of forced labour (workarsa they call then)
they grant some pecple conditional liberty but they send then to districts where
they know no one and where they die of hunger, .
. Generally these three young men have great confidence in the victory over
Hitler, and sey Germany may break up this very years , .

353 : ;

Information volunteered by an exCons-lar official of the Cuban Government
in Spain, who arrived on the "Marques de Conillas® on the 25 th of July 1942,
- The subject is a person of quite good economic position. Be ia the soné of
Spaniards ani owns sone properties in Asturias. He went as Consul to
efter_Frm.cots_troops_had taken possession of'it. A man of moderate views, . oe :
_ politically of the persuasion that Was regnani there at the moment, he honestly: - —--—--——-—..
: . believed, doubtless as a result of Falangiat propaganda in America, that ne
4 . "Franquist Sain was a paradise", Later he i.ad the opportunity of experiencing .- «
a . what Franquism represented, and still represents fer Spain, and owing to. his — nn
‘honourable behaviour as Consul he was often insulted and was even threetensd with
expulsion, He was closely connected with of iclals of the Fascist.Regime ani
' | , with Falangistes in bigh positions. His term of office, to use his om --
. @xpresaion, was more suéSesaful through his friends than owing to his position. |

ieee Hier nean soe foe


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_~ 8 =. oo . 8/4612

‘ MR am GOS of the Spanieh people are against.
fa saya that to assege accurately the: solution desired
by thia ninety pereeat vs very diffioult, Some wish, specifically, for the
reateratl a of the Republic, but he aaintdns that what everyone is longing for
change in Ue Raciea, ec@ething te relieve the really chaotic situation
Spantar poorte fed tkeeaalvea, (He did not know life under the Republic,
and therefere thea be tabaed with poople they always underlinsd the enormous
&ficreaed where was betuea teat life and life under the present regins).
The Palarciat waity & oF beast ef ia a ayth. Division in the Franquist Camp
grees dally, The Faloagiete weite } in the atreeta and-s0 do the -~ “
ReGuetes, bat thelr elegans are con! etery. The Falangists accuse the rest —
of being cure end eraivere te tne aeetrine ef the Falatge. For exazple, ho talked
to a Falangiat lieutenant = tae aaa came frea Cuba to Light at Pranco'a aide -
in the cafe “EA Gate Beere® in bert, a fou daye before cabarking, He scemd
te bo ashennd ef the pressat eitwatian in: Gpola. Ne axoused himself by
Fepentiug the Falangiat tag that tne Palaage hed dean betrayed, (This cust refer
%o the’ Mnmarchicta Bequetes, aad ether reatticaarics), Tha Palengiets are
aware of the prozeat cituatier ia Gala, Eerhape that is the reason why: they are
eecking a sclation wich Gilk preserve thelr elasa privileges. In hia own
phrase =~ the Preayaist recine hence frea a very thin taread, which must anap very
econ, (Perhaze thio is so saly Uhe eer of our inforaant, but also of some
military end civil leatere with wea. do tas clecely conneoted)s For thie reason,
be says, they have triad to give tte lepreasica of a change, taking advantage
ef the “Cama Gerporativa®, aad, if it ie tree, uth the restoration of a
Palengiat-iheerehy. .

®

Gi THE Bomar, ~o There io, he saya, no pudlic activity with tics goal. ‘There
dota not exist whet we aight-eall payoholegical receptivity for this neasures
bot undoubtedly migetlations in thie direction are being amrricd on by high
efficiels of the Fetmquiat Regime, 2 was in Endrid on tos 22 = 23 dyno 1948,
at the tim of ths wigit ef Den Juan. Mio visit was not given any publicity,
tet there were widespread police precautions, ‘The streets nearest to the palace
were clesed te the publie and a strict watch ums kept. There were also arrests
ef sospicifas persons, those whn had been in princn ete. But the press gave m
eign. The presence of Lon Jum was public property. The pecple seensd com
pletely indifferent. The soharchiste displayed no activity either. Perhaps,

he added, they took procentionary measures with con® people characterised by
thoir adhesion to tha Moerchy. His impression is that if the monarchy were
reatsred in Spaia it would be in allimos with the Falangists, but the peo-ls
would gtill have the impression that the situation had changed. Ho maintained
that there wuld be the samblance of a coup dtetat, epparently directed egainst
tho Palangs, but Francowuld remzin bead of ths army. If.s0, Bhinge wuld, funda}
montally, rezain bem as thay ere; that ia, the Spanish State would still be
extirely suberdinated to Etler, and ard without changing the policy of ‘partiality*
they now maintain, to ome of "neutrality? in the war, They would take this step,
in his opinion, only in the last resort, if faced with a second front in

Europe, and on the appreach of Hitler's defeat, which would, naturally have

an immediate repercussion on the ¢ cantritee subject to the Hazis in Europe.

"ON THE COMPLETE SUBSIRVIEICY OF THE FRAIQUIST RSGIME TO FITLER, — In Spain
the Palangists do not speak of thair position Weutrality® in the war but of
Spartiality®. This is. thetr attempt to justify tle help they give to ths
_axis._ Thers_are_Ggrmm submarine refuelling stations in Vigo, Redondela, and
ea the Galician coast. This is publie property, but every now. and then ‘the
press publishes a complete denial that Axis subuarines refuel'in Spain. Shese:
denials are very frequent bat they do not give such proof.’ Those who can set
tenker~launches. carrying on this work langh at these ridfeulous.deniels. alse
on more than ons occasion German submarines have been repaired in Sparish
dockyards. ‘Tn Galicia it is quite izposaibdle to get. a pot of jam. all the
preduction, which is. encruous; goss to the Germans, There are places.on the

: frontier, through which trains pase with produce for Hitler. There are forti-

fications and artillery on the coasts of Galicia, where the Germans are in .
comand. There sre also oss seredroass, sca alreaty finiehed and. some under
econstrustion vy Oornan: techni clans. - They fear am Allied invasion in Galicéa.
Hitler ie aseisted not. onty: with food ant primary. natertals; bat alae with men,


14.0000

SS

+ cpttetead ba one On oe

ree mecas robes!

“. qapect, which through discretion he did Rot repeat.

- and five children spent fron 9.600 te 10,000 a month on: food

“. @ suit and 180 to 200 for a pair of shoes. When asked how th
: -; @srp 19 to 15 pts. salary or perhaps les ry. é
* , and atts that. besides. they Coonot nara are Tp the werhene and ney 20 ret tats

- Beeral had a greater purchasing power,

-9 - " g/asiz

‘Phere te continuous propaganda for tie ssnding of volunteers as workers to

Germany. Unwiliing contingents of soldfers have left for the Blue Division.

THE DIVISION AZ'L was a Falangist manoeuvre to give political icportance to somes ©
Falangist leaders. The manoeuvre turned out very badly. Tris Division is the -
most unpopular innovation of the Falange. Our informant talked with 11 sur-
vivors of the division, who had returned from the Russian front cn account of
their wounds. me of thom was 18 when he left as a volunteer, without the
consent of his family. Ha asked if he would return to the front again and he
answered categorically *My eyes have been openad. JI will rever return®.

They all sposk of the bad food they are given - mainly vitamin pilis and pots
of jam, They speak of the courage and fighting opirit cf the Russian arsy, but
above all of the contempt with which the Ogrmans treated them. Thay regarded
them as inferior beings and they also said that when they -aid complinmsnts to
the Gerzan women, a Spenish custom, they answared tiem disdainfully as if they
despised them, There were cases of self-cutilation in the rms of tie Blue
Division. At any rate their panic was obvious, and they refused to return.
Everybody speaks 111 of the Division ssul.

'. " Tte comzander Minos Grande, 19 the nost despised of scldiers, Co ntleas
jokes about this division circulate in Spain. Our informant knows several, but
cites tho following as aneample which came frou tha Clib Baneventemarniches
etc. "EL Gato Negro® in Madrid. unos Grande sent a telegram to tho political
address of the Blue Division at the front - thia was the address; }',2.%. UR3S,
H.G, The tolegram arrived and no ons co-ld decipher it, tut finally a wldier
said = Tris is quite clear", and read the following words — "He were all
deceived. Serrano Suner is the only one responsible. Many thanks", (*Futzos
engenaios todos. Unico responsable S,Suner. Mychas cracias").

ON THR DAFOER OF WAR FOR SPAIN AT HITLER'S SIDE. — His izpressicn is that Spain ai)

will continue to assist Hitler as she is doing now but that she will rot enter

tho war. dome of tha Generals are in disagreenmmnt with the present poliey -

among them Varela, Armda, Yagus, Queipo etc. aAzong the soldiers the feeling

against the Pascist Regime ie very marked. They complain of bad food,

treatment, clothes.... too much time spent on marches etc, Queipo, on his

return f ron Tpaly was rude te Serrano Suner and struck him for which he was sent

back to Italy. Goncral aranda spent a aonth at Gijon and talked to our informant,

They had on interview. our informant has a real adulration for Aranda, wi.o, he

eaye, is a gontleasn, Ee says that srania op: eared to be Igftist. Anong his

remarks he renembers the following words. "Fo Spantards are robbers, We ara, and

we have been for some tims, If you walk through the Castellana of Madrid you

will’ see the susptuous palaces owed by Bealer(7) ani Pramo de Rivera, etc. built wi

with the blood of the Cuban people and the Poor Spaniards who went to defend

the Spanish colonies, The coloni@m ware loat but the milit leaders, whose dut

it was todsfend them, enriched thenselves. How it is the sane thing over again. 7

Fe made a revolution in order to bring progress to Spain but we have spilt

blood in torrents useleessly. The result was not worth the expense of so much

blood and so muchmpression®, . .
In bis conversation, although he said nothing against the Oprmans, he showed

contexpt for the Palengists who are enriching themselves; he shewed particular

fear of the treataent meted out to the soldiers in barracks, Eis impression _

ie that it was a result of the seriousness of the situation through which the

Framquist regime was passing and fear of what the outcome might be. He said -

nothing about the state of the war, and whether he was @ partisan of Exglant.

Jn the conversation he had with the Oeneral 1t 4s possible that there was another

HUNGER SITUATION. — The siteation has become noticeably worse durin the ,
‘ng the last

months, For several conths alrealy the rationing has beer practically nil.

The rich buy everything on the. Black lerket. Qu informant, with his wife

‘Alone. He says that

: ) nor smoke «~ .

120,000 pesetas. Of course he had a special clothes budget - 600 pesstas for”

e workers.live who -

Ie the workers and the: pecple tn

SATE Oe Oe a7 cane

life wuld be impossible in fain as they)


14-0000

-10-w- en ererne, MABE

TT RETIRE

would algo tuy on the Black Me ket and no one would eat. ner EEO eeeunee
privileged classes can eat, and they can only do it if they have & on the
Prey accuse the Palangiat leadera’ and the Government of racketooring bed a
.. Black Merkete:. Dusense fortunes have been made in a night. They co to t thet
" poor and wake up millionaires? This is the only explanation of the fact. . =
one is allowed two packets of tobacce at 6.80 per person per week, and in tote
the Compania arrenditaria de Tobacos, which is a state monopoly, ons person
can buy from 100 to 10,000 packets of the 0.90 at 7.50 & packet. Ha also.
relates the following instance. Petrol is scarce in Spain. -A litre costs —
15. pts. Cara frequently stop in the streets for lack of it. He cites a case
which happened in the sfreet of Gijon, A distingwehed. military personage had
no petrol Ke saw a tank=convoy of Gampss pase and asked. ths- chauffeur for a
fea litres, and then he refused, he ordered them to give tt to him, as a
superior officer. The chauffeur refused-dgein, and in a panic explained that he
could not do it because he was not carrying petrol but olive oil, withcut
being able to explain which military leader or leaders it was destined for,
although he knew it was to be sald/contreband. 7 -

SITUATION OF TH% PPISONERS, — Ee cannot calculate the number of prisoners there
are actually at the moment although Le ssserts that it is at any. rate enormuse
Ey reason of his position he has vis ted prisons and fortresses, and ia terrified
at the terrible treatment in the %Comissrias® Civil Guard barracks etc.

more than cne occasion he saya he haa saved more than one Republican frono rtain
death. The prison that he knows is tha Cote at Gijon. I, is at tho moment
coupletaly full. ‘he treateent is inhuzan, They do not give the prisoners

a coll number but allocate them only ao equare meter for sleeping, atanding ste.
That 1a to say that when a prigoner errives he io given a metre of ground. Ner
do they give them a mess. Lately they agread to give them a peseta daly for
maintenance. Esa does not understand why there are not mere deaths, as with

one peseta a day in the prigon canteen one can only buy bread. Thay Sook tho
siiners who ware prisoners to cams so that they muld work in the mines. Thay
gave them 50q7us, day wages for bachelors and a peseta for a wife ani 50 ote.

for each child, to the married ones. They keep them working ten and twelve hours
égily in.the mine. The number of shootings has dimimished, If is imputed to ths
fact that "almost all sust have beentriei®, —

THE CLERCY —. Ho eayo that the clergy have never intervened in poditics fron the
° pulpit as much as they do now, sometimes inveighing against the Franquist
‘Governnent, and at other tines, naturally, defending the policy of the Falange,.
Rumbers of the priests and monks continually ex-ound their view on the political
regime and the points on which they differ fron it. As a characteristic oxamle
he relates that about two months ago in Gijon there was a house used provisionally
as the Church of Zan Jose, which was destroyed during the war. A priest, |
“pfofessor at Salananca, gave five lectures. In these lectures he spoke alzost
exclusively on political questions, and attacked the Franguiat Government.
for their method of supply and distributing tie foodstuffe among the people, .
saying that what was Wanted was rore rationing and less Frmauist regiisiions. —
Ee also advocated the neceseity of a pardon for all comiemned people and other |
things that our informant does not remember. 500 people went to the first lecture,
but dz the second ona, when they heard what the subject was, was attended by -
literally all Qt jon, : . —— ; :
RECONSTHUCTI“H, — Reconstruction is only dome as a matter of private enterprise
by proprietors and churches. In Madrid, ths Montana barracks, the prienn, the
workers districts, damaged by the bombardments, remain es they are. Nothing
. _ > has beenrebuilt. Tho arguellos district has bean partly rebuilt. Every owner .
. has taken-in-hand“his-own property. The Franquist recenstéuetion policy is a myths -
; The peo;le mock at it and make- jokes, among them the following - In Gijon they mummi =
erected « building marked "Reconstruction Office"sin the hallway there were :
_> two doors, one siarked “for partial destruction® and the other “fer total. destruction’.
- 80 @ well-known Asturian who was visiting the office about his house. which hat |
-. been partially destroyed went into that department, Once inside, there were twe ;
"os “more doere - "for those who have. some resources, and fir those who have not®. | ce,
|, Be went through the first door, there was another room with two doors = "fer .
:, those wro are Falangists,-and for those who ‘are not", He want through the second
door and fount himself in the street, . ; , Le

7
a
Saal stalin aiagt atTaia


14-0000

immune atonement teeta dette aineaamadaeemennanienaeneientateed fh ~~ orn 4612 -.

PACTS ABOUT PESTSTAECE, - ~ mm Spain acte cf eabotage are carried out on the raile
ways, factories, ete., although he cannot decide whether these are organised.
- ‘aetions decreed py illegal organi sationa of Spanish Republicans or at spon .

' taneous acts of workers who ore onemies-of the Falangist regime. He dose noe.
know any concrete instance of ths activity of the workers organisations, C.P.S.
ote., but when be was in Hadrid on the 22nd and 23rd of last June; there was
a film on called “Gs Thieves are Honest ten", There were thousands of lamoons
dons on that, some very clover and suggestive which rere ocattered throughout
Madrid. according to our informant, one day the lagpoons appeared printed in
the sams typo lettering as tia ;oater, with the following — °worda of the Cendtlio,
from a recent epeach®. For tids reason there were arresta and a number of
beatings in Medrid. He also sav how the people had lost their fear. In
the Gran Wa in Madrid a man cried out that he was not only red but communist,
and he muld not endure this any more. Apparently the people told hin to be
silent put he did not take any notice. The R.A.F, bombardment of Cologne,
which was known in Spain fro the English bpeadcaste, was calebrated alnost all
over Spain by the people who atayed up much later than the usual time in the
atreets, drinxing in bare, ote. He says that aven the police took part as
they are lergely anglophile.

CUERILLEROS — He aays that there are many in Asturias; there ia a atate

of war. There are Koore and the'Tereio!. fhe guerilleros appear occasionally
in the villages and avenge the deaths of antiewescists who have besn murdered
by the Falango. They take food and clothes, Once lis car was atopped by a
group of them in the street of Llanes. They were drossed as Falangists.

Bhen he showed his papere as Consul of Cuba and proved he was not the previous
conmul Pena, a knomn Falangist, they saluted him and said — “Long live ths
people of Cuba®, He says that although they behaved correctly he was rather
afraid. Eo kmows that a short time ago the guerilleres of Caéspocaso had Fight
with the Civil Guard and killed several people, among thet soms well known Blane
giete in the district. It appsers that the Guerilleres are magnificontly arzod,

FUTURE PROSPECTS, —— He believes firmly that Hitler will be defeated this yoars
Mo has great faith 1a the people of Spain and France, cto. Hasindoninated
Burope will arises, since this life cannot continues “even one winter more’,
He is confident tiat the 0.3.3.8, will not ba dafeateds on the oontrary the
Soviet battlefronts will be the end of Hitlerism. Ho believes that England

. and the U.S,, in opening a second front, will count on the help of peoples
oppressed by the Hasis, in France or in Spain, amd things will move rapidly.
The Spanish people ure waiting for the invasion of the Allies in order to take
‘arms in the streets ageinst their rulers. The Spaniards trast in the Allies
aM hope that the Sacomi Front will not be long delayed. Soviet and English
broadoaste. arelietencd to; they fcllow the progress of tte war, They hate the
Germans and the Italians. ‘These who before supported Franco ara now hig
enemies and partisans of the defeat of Hitler. The Spanish people hope to
escape from this situation by the defeat of Hitler and trust ih the Restoration
of the Republic.

Cuba. -- 28,7.42,

REPORT Wo,555

- ABOEL MARTINEZ, 26 years old, is a student from Bilbee. Ee is not a consistent
Fascist or anti-Fascist either, as his opinions/fither confused.

SP ANT SH RDS THE WAR, — Ho says that no one speaks of the war
because they take the” view that tye n will not enter it. All the world thinks
‘that Germany will lose the war because her enemies are very strong. He says
that nothing is said about the secomi front. about the Blue Division he says
_ Bhat. the people are against those wno went to Russia, chiefly because they think
: -- Rhom mad. Ha taked to a frienc of his who cane back from Russia, who was
“7. | thoroughly glad to ba.back, Ho said that our entire war was child's play
- .. ° Compared with tls one and the way the Russians fight. Be s ays that som .
: aftists werein. the Diviaion through hunger, and some were Falangist adventcrers, .
and in spite of its deing aald that all ere volunteers it in obvious that many
wars forced into: ite Be: enya: that in the ‘Gibraltar: ‘Caponatration, there were


14-0000

rome

“we Be "9/4612.
vee waho do not know what war nesos®
‘ on ho do no °
only fo eral be pretends to be slow ard tries. tug et cut of the Questions
with trifling ansesss, We think it is because he feels constrained. by @
Palangist who 1s with Him, Ee declares that be is ageinst Serrano Suner, but-
be eays he is quite favourable to Franco because ke ;romilgates laws wi:ch
favour the people ard is a partisan of neutrality besides. Whea wo ¢ive hie _
exemples, especislly that of the Blue Divison, $o whey him what Franco's neutrality .
enounts to, he maintains that they are all. voluntears. Hy says they are always.
speaking in favour both of Germang and the Allies, because Franco wiehesa to |
atand well with beth aides. Ee says tha: whon the state of *nonebdelligerence?
was established the pecple were contert becanse before that they ware afraid
of being involved inthe war. This fear, he says , 18 :ot Bo strong now,
When aaked what he would do if he sere in Spain and the Spanish people were |
involved in the war he answered — "would go to the mountains or spend a
bulle’ on the first officer who tried to force re®, He says that many Spaniards
would do the sane if Spain were forced into the war, because it wuld be so ,

£7 e

SUPPORT GIVEN BY THS FRANQUTST BAQIME TO HITLER, —- He doss @& know the proporations
of this asaiatance but he says that volunteers continue to loaves for the frente
In the same way he thinks that if the Ogrmans did sot take proviaions f2on
8pain all the needa of the country would be eup lied. Mith thia idea he com
plains againgt the Germans and against Serrano Suner above all. Palangists in
uwrform are now only seen in parades.

WORESRS POR GERMANY — He says that a few months ago thay sent a great quantity
of workers to Germany, They were almost al] Galicians, and very fow fron Bilbao.
A little later they were returned because “they were being deceived", "petting
into difficultise*. When he was asked tobe more precise he egid that when they
- got to Germany they asked to be returnsd to Spain, and so they did with alnost
a all of then :

TERROR <—- Hs says thare are no persecutions or executions, When the exscution
Lerrenage aan mentioned he said that the people had no knowledge of those
erimss, about the refugees he says that the people talk of thelr tsturning to

r Spain when the var is over,

FRICTICN —  thia point, without being questioned, he says that the Pequetes
_ and Palangists cannot meet, because when the tw parties were amalgamated the
" Requetes -were pushed into the background, and that is the reason they prefer the

monsrchy. i this polot he says that he has heard nothing about the restoration
nor about the differences betwoen certain leading factions in the arsye

RESISTANCE, = at firet he said that no one speaks about the war or any other
problezs because the peonle are afraid, Bu~ afterwards he said that people
remerber the Republic and h.w well they lived then, Eg does not report any

exetple of resistance to the war. He says that the Bativnalists have a lot of ine
fluence, but not so cther parties, among them oura. Prieto has no influence d ther.
In general it is obvious that he is ignorant of many things or does not dare to
speak of then, , : :

4

UNITY — All the anti-Fascists are united, but he gives no details,

FUTURE PROSPECTS -—~ .When the war ends with -ne victory of the Allies Franco will

fell, ani he thinkg that the Republic will return. He thinks it will happen soon. -

a ; because the situation is unbearable, altLouzh “there is no need to think of Rgvolutio

: . He says that if the Germans invaded Spain the people would rise. As we. said, he ‘

! . Se atphying for his Dachelors degree. His matriculatim costs,i:cluding tie price :
of books, about SOO pts; before it used to cost 200. Be says that studying has

ig
foot . become very difficult. He says: that all students belong to the 3.2.0. although it. 4
boA is rt obligatory, but they are coerced, ani they. Join in order to be in a good . 4
i .. > > QH CORDTTIONS OF_‘t]7E —. Bs explains that in therationing thay allow a EK; of 7 |

- >... . polatoes per person’ a week, a-quarter litre of -:live off, 200 gr. of vegetables
os + Ot. . Wo one omy on'that except those tho have a lot of zoney; the rest go

ro gd

Baad

”

oo every 15 days, and zo on for all other commodities. That the rationing ef

. telmi : : . ~ sy : Pan . + 5
_ . as ent eae si Schad iam ines eemines cae ea a TT -y ae . ed
at or pa rer onioan ~~ initiaited, ; a “ ~ nemo ompream cowie ie nae rtete eintdreceetetee * - 4612 SP ASST Space emrane ve mets

wy. S-are paid the eas », cannot afford
hungry. The workers, who are peid the safe salary as before, ce é
to deal on the Black Market and he says ti.at there have been ensen a6 aitce
Hornos where workera have fallen desi from hunver at work. This onted
discontent although it 1a not. openly expressed. Kow they have app att DS»
wardens in tre factories in Bilbee, and the workers receive 1 eer tee ons
Bere ko is contradicting himself, because acsotines he says hers st ore) :
were denanded cy the workean ( which would be « deconstration ae t ia pcite . 4
and sometimes he says that the directors asked for shea. He says t-8 tseresss : :
of everything Fe cannot understand why when food production is on. the increase a. :
the workers ore so badly fed. Later he says that thsy wateh thes closely ;
_---feree them to work without osaging. He relates (akthcug.. ve «n= no details) , :
that the middle ¢lass does not feel the pinch like the wer karge

ites the
ORGAN KS, — They exist just es they did before. He ¢
c ch organises excurriiongs. These organisations are not con= :

trolled by the Falange. Young people are as gay 45 before, and dance and go
to the mountains,

ww heed ee DEON

ARNY — Be refers above all the discontent of the fanilies because their sons
have tc spend four years in the army. He says that they denonstrate their
digcontent and that they all want to be demobilised. But thia open discontent
ia confined, he says later, to private conversation, .

REPORT Fo.5560

Cr LUIS Lz a Mexican student, who has always lived in Gijon, Spain. Ba
y 18 comtertably off and he is going to Mexico to join hia father as he
lived on what his father sent him in dollars and whem this wae forbidden he
decided to leave Spain. He is an ardent Falangist. is ignorant of all probleas
of che working and middle class. He only associated with people who were very
well off, and especially with Falangist students. He ie very cultured.
“Be says that he was in‘Qijon at tho beginaing of the war and remained there
till now; as he was a Mexicm he was nolested by neither party.

HUHOSR — He roumily asserts that there is no hunger, only a scarcity of certain
articles. That withrationing “there is not enough for one mouthful® but that
he never felt the want of food, That the olive oil raticn 1s 1/8 of a litre

bread (black bread, since white can only be got on the Black Merket) ia arranged
in three categories, and for that there ere three classes of gards ~ poor,
widdleclass, ard rich. That the ration of the poor ia larger, as they have less
money for buying on the Black Market. That at Belmonte, Asturias, the rations
are double what they are in Gijon. That rationing is different in each provines,
and even in different places in thé same provinces. Ho says that no one is
interested in politica, that everyone's daily preoccupation is food, Ha says
that “ituad to make him laugh to see well-to-do old people who in all their
conversations spoke of nothing but the price of beans and bread etc.® When ho
was asked for facts he says that it is obvious that the poor (by which he seans
the workers) who earn 10 or 12 pts. cannot buy anything contraband and live oa
their rations, which causes then to suffer somewhat from mmger and be wery
discontented. Ho says that the f= hunger is caused by the war and the blockade,
because as soon as the Spanish war was over there was abundance of. everything and
free exchange, end as soon as the Buropean war began there was scarcity and
rationing. He also says at the same time that theauso of the acarcity ig that
the Government has-bought thousands and thousands of tons of food in case_the ... |
situation gets any worse. That this ta good policy of the “lensralissinots® end - : ;
|. that the Falange ig doing a lot of propaganda, saying that it is much better to
‘ |" Keep the food now, whan a lot is coming from argentine and the 'U.S., than to. ~—
; ', @at it now and then if the situation gets worse, have nothing. That the people .
mo, . who are "good stuff! accept it, but most people protest anit complain: . Be says
*-: . ¢7 . that mother cause of hunger are. the Provisions Committees, which, like. those
oe / @f. Gijon, are composed of bandits who sell as contraband the articles they are
supposed to: divide.among the population.  . ; im ‘ .

oe E INTO TEE W)R.— fie sayo that Spain will not enter the:war, that thie 1s
opinion ° | everybody. : That all: eppreve the foreign poltey of; the Government, -

ee nes” Cr oa ee

*


14-00000

oN NON

a re
wa

-ue  S/sei2

whi oh is wry intelligent, as it knows: how to maintain a balance in the
aituation acd remain neutral. He says that. the Spaniards are very favorrable

to Germany because they could havo penctrated into. Spain and taken Gibralter,
thus closing the Mediterranean to the English, ‘put that it is %a German idea
that one mget be pleacamt®, after arguing-a little with him I said that Cermany
might not have inveded Spain becanse she was not interested in dispersing

her troops, considering that sha needs them all for fighting against Risaias

Later he confessed that all the Spard ards would fight. against the Oermans in’

casé they invade Spain. becmise the Spaniards ara very fond of their-indoe |
pendence, and would fight anyone Who wished to enter ‘Spain. * The. Spart sh Oovern--
ment is @ partisan of neutrality and the immense majority of the’ Felange
think that Spaeth should send voluntesrs to Russia but "not enter the var®
because they do not know that many thousands of Spaniards would be killed.

PREPARATIONS POR TH? Wak, — Ha sayo that in Spain much petrol has been stored and
that now tanks are under construction. ® says that thie too "La sum being

kept for the Sai timsa®, and in case myone tries to invade Spain the (59,

140 and 142 drafta cre mobilised. fhe '41 draft has been sent hom. The '42
draft was called up with e three months! delay. They spend two years in

military service. There is aleo a prewdilitary service fr Youth Ofgenisations.
Tnia is nt obligatory tut it is eounted as time spent in the service end for that
reason every one doon it.

INVASION — He says that there are no Germans in Spain, Ey has seen none and 80
on, if there are any they are diaguised’as peasants. Ee ig not certain that they
ere maxing fortifications in the north of Sain. cOijon 4s in fact defended by two
ships, one of them a ®sulta-tacos® ant if there was an English invasion there
Sthey wld be the masters ®,

HELP TO TPE RAZIg. ——- He says that it is not a fact there are more factorics
ae t ae port of Spain which were not thero before, and they de not work for
That the Germans say in their propagenda that they mean to suspend
penton, sent masufacture » beGause they have enough. That Germany is selling a
Quantity of war material to Turkey, which is a proof thm they have no need of
it, therefore armaments are not mamfactured in ‘Spain nor exported, But he
takes the opposite view, that dpain receives material fros Germany; there are

frequent consignemts, mostly tanks. Uhat Spain does semd, not, "as some exy because

tho. Germans take it”, but because the Government gives it bery willingly, is
food. Bvery day many loaded open cars leave Spain and tha people talk of it and
are dig_contented, but those ere only those who “iiink with their stomachs",

DESPATCH OF WORKERS, — He cannot be acowrate about the quantity but many thou-
have gone, 25 volunteers. Hs says it is quite natural for a man with

no food or job to go there wherethsy cat well and can send money hom and because

all the "poor® are like that. That is the reason thay "go as volunteers and are

gled to bettar their position®, .

DIVISION — 40,000 vent, all volunteers, among thes som: Qiite well-imowm
pe nguished Falengists, The :umber of voluntesra was so great’

that they hed to close the lists and there ore many thousands still w aiting

for their turn to go when they send reinforcements. In April 5,000 who had been r
relieved cams home, tyat they were all very happy. Eg hed many friends. who hed |
gone and others who were realy to leave Oar informant asked themif thay had -

- had many losses hut the legicnaries said that this was a lie, thay had hed very for

deaths. o had been many Wounded, to the potnt that not one of. then hed not .
been-s ed-at ieast-once.:_ Al] those #9 cone homs have bean w-unded. © They ake .

thst it is very cold but they stand it very well: and are much congratulated by the 1 :

Germans. They wear the German uniform and the red cap. They say, they behaved
llously in Russia end gave the Russians a beatisg. “That the Rasei ans. are.

_ brawe, that is why they attack them fromtshind, but that: ‘they do not know how

to fight and. do not have good officers, although they hava an abindance of .

‘material. They attack in mass formation and do not care about thear. Josses, 80

that very few reach the trenches” That nen of the division always fou ght ina

-- Bunerical superiority. of ten to sone md. caused the Russians: many losses. - “thay

| Were congratuated. by the Masis and often appeared in the German war ‘command ques. -
a That’ on occasions they established. aalient:on a river | -Wesieted. for/more’

* Sean, ten days, bat 08 they fought ey sang: end.stng ant UR many Spaniards |

Hi. SATA ethers de ee ete
a > ey 2 een oan

: : £f/77 Mf he

- had becn decorated with the {ron-eross.. our informant thinks that. they

have ccre losses than they confess to (all t-oee be spoke with were Falanzist
students), ard that in the casualty lists published only the nanes of the.
most important are given. -In Spain everyane adnires the courage of the
Lezgionaries.ond praises them twice as wuch as the O,rmans do. Ho insista

that they are all volunteers, and says in bis own words = %a fow ideaiista

and the rest, the immense cajority, because they were in a bad ~caltion

in Spain and could get not work or food. They want into the Div. Arul in order
‘to earn a good living because they are paid at the Ogrman rate and a war

bonus, plus an allowance and large indemnity in case of death*. Besides,

if they are brave they can desert, when they go on leave they have millions of
pts. in their pocksts and can “put on airs and pose as heroes in their uniform
and their iron crosses in Spain®, He says that althcugh the lists are close,
there are thousands who are ready to leave at a day's notice, and tnat he
Smows several.* They said thay celebrated Christmas very happily in February
as thay sent them tobacco and food from Spaing

¥a says that in Spain there is a lot of talk about the war, although .

no one bothere about politics at all now, and only gut food. There are all
sorta of parties, petisans of the Allies and the Germans, and azong his friends

- the people are costly partisans of the Osrmanay ha Blao thinks the majority of

Spaniards are on the aide of the Germans” and smong the 150 in his pniversity
hall only teo were partisans of Democracy and they hed fierce we guments in
loud voices until the director cams, fhe partisans of the Masia maintained
that anyone wo wanted England to win was not a Spaniard because bf the
Desocracies win Prieto will cose back and all the Reds-of the Reoublic, and
there will be a government of leftists ard in this fashion they attach the
defenders of England. The atuients say = “we are very ford of Ogrmany, because
sha helps us to be free of comunien ani ig now defending us against it.? H
baya that this appeals to many people who also hate conzuniam. ; e

SECOND FRONT, — Ha says thas no one believes it will be eatablished. The
Germans cannot invade England, nor can the Engish invade Burove. All .
Spaniards would unite to defend theaselves fpom the English. Theywuld do the
same if tho Oprmans invaded Spain,

ON THE WAR.— He said that the Spanish idea was that it would last five or
eix years andi that when they were all exhausted there wld be an armistice

or negotiated peace. This is tie orinion of the people on the Right and the
Falanziste; ha does not <now the views of the rest. Fifanco said in a speech =
SY the Russigs mské a breach and arrive at Barlin, he will send two million

-men to fight comrunisa% They do not attack ths Republicans much, but bleme the

Ruseian agents and the Coazunists for all tnat is hapvening in Spain. He says
that in Herclaye there are hundreds of aero lanes aid many fields full of ©
tmks. The Germane have war material on the frontier in fantastic quantities.
He thinks that-io in order to be in a position to aszist either France or
Sainif it were necessary.

FRICTION -—- He says that there are. no disagrenments between the Requetes,
Falangists or Catholics; they are all united, and if there were ar} friction
there are no scenes or qua rrela betmse the “eneralissino® would shoot them

FRENTE DS LA JOYZETUD, — He says that it wes a failure, that at the ;
beginning many peoplo were excited by tho propaganda, then they got tired ant
practically ths Youth Front does nct exist. . ; .

STUDENTS, ———Thssc-arc-all—siex-very ha-py to be members of the S.E.U. because
Chey avoid military service. The S.8.U. {a obligatory . The only corps they
have to belong to is the University militia. In sumer they goto cazps where

they have military instructi and are commamied by students who are officers
' with some officers fron tho Araye. - pole a .

- RESISTANCE OF TE. PPLE —. There is none at all, “In Spain there is a.

totalitarian Government favourable to the Ggrmans. In totalitarian countries

"there are no protests or any resistance becanse. anyone who resisted wuld be
- ghot.. There are discontented people but they are silent, they dw: nét speak

‘because thay cannot. I have.seen no inseriptiotion the walls of Gijon, the.

' only thing there are a few. robbers; the. so-called Guerilleros, who rob, kill

> oat -

a


~ 18 « S/:612

eminent UNM: Blea NTR AN acre Th er esa nee - ne erro _

end assassinate. ‘Taree sonths ago at the Puerto de Somiedo, they machino=

: tr te treated. They
gunned a bus wits travellers in it a:d the Civil Juard re .
are assisted by tne discontented peasants avi their facilies. i they cage
to Franco, with their bande free of blood, he would pardon then®,

tbe eat

TEPPOR — at the oezinnl.g trey sot many pele, especially to pay ont .
personal scores. Mow it is done through tre tribunals. It is & act tha :
shooting continues, but only for those ondeaned to death. -.- : i

-

FUTURE PROSPZCTS — Perhaps the end of the war wil solre ‘all these problems, =~ - 5
The Gove naenty of Spain wiil i:puse peace, law and order ‘as -soon 4s the war :

is over. a : h

RESTORATION OF TH WORARCEY, —— All a die; all respectable people suprort
Franco and tae d.sagroenenta there are between the partie- do net constitute
a problem. :

DISAGREZMENTS IN THE ARMY —- He says there are ncne. Quelpo was sent out side
Spain diplomatically, as a drunkard and a rescal, 38 all the army ie with ~~.

Franco ani Hitler, wiv have saved Sain ard Burope from Communtiaa.

RECONSTRUCTION <= He bays there is a lot being done in the way of reconstéuction.
In Gijon they havea built hundreds of new houses and the town iswry cuch changed,
Tha people wio have ccney are afraid :% wili lose its valus, daily, and eitgar
build or use the money for bubinsss. 4.4.42,

REPORT No.357

. JOSE FAGOS, a peasant, resident in Cuba for 11 years, returned to Bpain
in-1940, At that tine he was a Franduist. He ie veyy backward acc extremly
suspicious. at frst he refug_ed to spesk, especially when he was tcld that
he rust telk to a journalist. He knows very little, since he lived in @ sfall
village in the district of Bstrado and only left it to embarll. He oftenmys
that he imows nothing, and can only give informati:n about his village that is

_— not political. Is a ncderate antieFalangist, and continues todafend Franco, of |
. whom he has a kigh opinicn, in many instances, The first thing he asserts is that
in Spain there is not so mich hunger as they say here. There is a scarcity :
caused by the war tit it la iuet the sane as it is everywhere, those with money 1
eat and those without go hungry. I$ is not true that they requisition the i
'. peasants! cro-s, eat least in the part of Spain he knows. He says that
- everyone aays in Spain that they contr.1 the crops, and even if they force them to

“sell at the standard rate they leave the peasants enough to eat. It ia obvious

that’ everyone maxes fun cf tne order and hides the oroduce "but it Ls not that

they requisition them, but that the Government contrcla produce and they

have to sell it at fixed rates.” He says that he has a brother in the army andi

the soldiers are vary wel. fed. The fscd is well prepared but rather scarce.

In Estrada they get the xxrmst two regulation loaves just as before the war,

but in Corcena treai is searcer in the barracks, What everybody wants is for

the war to end, anyhow, what is wanted is peace and tranquillity. Wen asked

about the second front he says everyore {s hoping for the English to"ccre ani

give orders in his house Sut when ths people are so anxious they want som~

thing tc hapren to change tie situation and see if it isproves*®. On further .

Questioning he confesses that 9O£ of the porulaticn are against Franco - not on : :

his own account but cn account cf the hunger and xisery there is. -

There is =0 repressica. People ars only execrted legally, through the” =~
: tribunals: , : a : ‘ . wen ee
: : He says that no one wishes Spain to enter the war, and Franco, "if he could, wr
would have bean on the cther side already, but. as he has the Germans cn the.
- frontier he can:ot do it" The rich arn’ the menarchists are discontented, and
°. there are many peopie who were deceived end do n.t like the present. regine. .

: _Mtked whether. the peorle suzrort the Gyrmans of the Allies, he says — -

_ Some on each side.. A little later he says everybody hates the Germans and is |
-afraid of their encroachments. except ths Palanzists.. , wer

t

DS ae a

sn taedt Ye Finda est

 @ arrive, adel is natural. Ho says Be ices not want, the English to ©


Lo "Peaches! ) Barope.

a 17 =

iE prvistos AZUL, he says was voluntary, at least tthe papers.’  eay so.
though I do not know", (His most frequent phrase in "the ;-apere say 50

but nobody knows#).: Be asserts that there wore many. volunteers and one |-

went frox the municipal government of Estrada, his village; he was the

assistant to a high official. He does :.ct Imow anything about tho. sur

vivors. Es gives the addrees of. Py Cuban tho arrived in the SComillas® with.
an amputated foct,’ a voluntenr in the Hles Division, {The father ‘of, the Legionary,
when questioned at the port, acid he was lame thr-ugh an accident). —

He confirms the stories about Queipo and Yague, In Vigo he heard tio

following story - Tho Governor of Burgos was teprigned for black marketesring

~ and a son of tis, a lieutenant in the army, went to Madrid to see Serram

Suner, who refused to soe his and told }.im to see his secretary; the lieve
tenant refused and was referred to the Aide-de-Comp. The Alde«de-Casp
unfortunate!.7 asked him what he wanted and the dovernor's gon satd — *T
wanted to put two bullets in §. Suner, but as I can't mn put then in
you instead% he shot him and left hia dead, -

Tn Vigp a dad meal cost him 20 pta. He does not know anything atout it,
but the people sa the Germans take evarything. When we ask h§s opinion
about the scarcity of rica, olive oll, etc. he enda by saying that he thinks
too that the Nasis take it.

FUTUR3 PROSPECTS =—— He gaya that any rogime will do as long as it is not
thig ons, No blood to be spilt and ®those in the wrong® to be pardoned. There
are sany people in the wrong who joined Franco, but have now repented. He
says that those people fear the fall of Prmoo because there would be roe
tribution, and many people mould be killed, but if the Republic could cone
without bloodshed everyore wuld be delighted.

A cow is worth 5.000 pte. The Civil Quard turn a blind eys to the con—
traband sAlos of the peasants bacause it suite them,

REPORT Fo,358

Report from a youth of 17, a Cuban, born of Spanish parents, whe
was living in Santander fr about ten years with his grandmother, Ha has
no political convictions and in sone respects is rather influenced by Nasis
and reactionary propaganda. He is quite a wide-ewake intelligent boy. Hg
talks with no reservations and seems to be telling everything he knows,

TIITULE OF THE SPANI S TO THE WAR AQATHST | wo Ho says that in
thare are tw p 3, one which supporta the Ogrmans and wishes

for thsir triumph and the other which sympathiess and hopes for the victory

of the Allies. Bh the first class & Saner stands out, it includes all the
Falange, some generals, and the middle class, governmeit employees otc.

The other class includes the majority of Reqidtes, the rich ose monsy ta

in London, the workers, end all the poor in general. Eq aays that in Spain
it is only permitted t ak in favour of the Germans, ani that the parti=

sans of the Allies spe Secret aid smofig-trusted fricnis, With the - .
passage of tims, owing to the Ggrnan campaign in Rusegia, which tha Palangists

said would end in a week, there is growing a logs of confidence in the —~

German triumph, both among the partisans of the Allies, who were dispirited at
the beginning of the Russian campaign, and among the supporters of Gerimany . oO
themselves. He says that in Spain, except for a couple of Falangist focla, mo... |

-one-wante-the-wars—not-even -the.aray chiefs, such lesa the soldiers.: inane a... of,

really thinks that if they gave the order to mareh, po ohe_would protest, but
he does not insist on whet would definitely happen. The Oerman defeata in.
Russia, which are considered very impertant in Spain, have” ‘greatly contributed .

to. raise the morale of the enexies of the FPalangs, who are now- resisting it:

openly. .Qie refers to the. Requetes and in pummkx general-te the partisans of.
England tho are. very munsrous), , ‘The entry of the U.S, into. the war wae not.

- eonsidered. very important, decause Ggrean propaganda, Which is very widespread,

says that the submarines sank-2ll the ships which campe to Burcpe and that. a,
there was very little uge in producing a quantity of war material if it never ,
_Meiadae thas the people realised that the-Germans were - :


14.00090

\; gome-on each side. A little later he says overybody hates the Germans and is-

peers do, the
and assassinate. Three zunths ago at the Puerto de Somiedo,
gunned a bus wits travellers in it a:d the Civil Quard retreated. They
are assisted by tne discontented peasants ani their fariliss. t y .
to Franco, «.th their hands free of ‘blood, he would pardon then’,

TERROR = At the dezinni:g they s.ot many pwple, especially to pay ont t
personal scores. Now it ie dons through tre tribunals. It is a fact tha
shooting continues, but only for those o:ndeaned to death.

FUTURE PROSPECTS — Perhapa the end of the war will solre all these problens, |
The Gove: nmenta of Speir wiil iupuse peace, law and order as soon as the wer
is over.

RESTORATION OF TT! i HARC w= All a jie; all respectable people suprert
Franco and the c.oagroenente thers. ere between the partie: do net constitute
& probler.

, DISAGREEMENTS IN THE ARWY —— ‘Ee aays there are ncne. Quelpo was sent outside
Spain diplomatically, as a drunkard and a rescal, as al) the army is with

Franco ami Hitler, wio have saved Spain and Burope from Communism,

RECONSTRUCTION — He says there ia a lot being done in the way of reconst#usction.
Jn Gijon they have built hundreds cf new houses and the town is wry much changed,
The people who have ucney are alraid it will lose its value, daily, and eitger
build cr use the coney for bubiness, 4.9042,

REPORT No.357

. JOSE PAGOS, a peasant, resident in Cuba for 11 years, returned to Spain
in 1840. at that time ce was a Frenquist. He is veyy backward ard extremly

-guspicious. At first be refug_ed to speak, especially when he was told that

he must talk to a journalist. Ee ino@s very little, since he lived in a small
village in the district of Bstrado and only left it to emarit. He oftenmys

- that he knows nothing, and cen only give informatizn about hia village that is

not political. Is a acderate anti-Falangist, and continues todesfend Franco, of
whom he has a high opinicn, in many instances. The first thing he asserta is that
in Spain there is not so mich hunger as they say here. There is a scarcity
caused by the war but it ta just the same as it is everywhere, these with money
eat and those without go hungry. I} is not true that they requisition the
peasants! crons, at least in the part of Spain he ‘mows. He says that

everyones -sayes in Spain that they contr:1 the crops, and even if they force than to
eal] et the standard rate they leave the peasants encugh to eat. I} is obvious

‘that everyone makes fun cf the ordar and hides the prodtce but it is not that

thay requisition them, tut that the Government contrcls produce and they

_have to sell it at fixed rates." Ee says that he has a trother in the army ant

the soldiera are very wel. fed. The iscd is well prepared but rather soarce.
In Estrada they get the xxam two regulation loaves just as before the war, |
but in Coruna breai is scarcer in the barracks. What everybody wants is for
the war to end, anyhow, what is wanted is peace and tranquillity.- en asked
about the second front he says everyone is oping for the Inglish to"come ani
give orders in bis houge Sut when the people are so anxious they want som-
thing to happen to chanze the situation and see if it isproves®. On further
questioning he confesses that 90% of the poculaticn are against Franco - not on-
his own account but on account cf the hinger and cisery there is. : :

There is <0 repression. People ars only exectted legally, through the
tribinals, = _ ; .

Be says that no one wishes Spain to enter the war, and France, "if he could, wr
would have bean on the cther side already, but as he has the Germans on the

frontier. he caniot do it™, The rich ant the sanarchists are discontented, and
there are many people wo were deceived and do nit like the present regine.. _ i
.ASked whether the peorle suport the G,rmans of the Allies, he says = -

afraid of their encroachments except the Mulanzists.. .
® errive,: which is natural. He says Be “ices not want the English to--.

7 nachine= SS

A nabs te etal vee cee

ak

14-0000
ier

; ‘Teaches meropes-

- 17 = as

x

THE DIVISTOR AZUL, he says was voluntary, at least Sthe papers say 60
though I do not know®, (His most. frequent phrase is Sthe papera say 80
but nobody knows®). He ssserts that there were many volunteers and one
went froz the sunicipal government of Estrada, hie villages he was the
assistant to a high official. Be does not mow: anything about the gure .
vivors, He gives the address of a Cuban who arrived in the ®Comillas? with
an amputated foct, a volunteer in the Blue Division, (Tho father of the Legionary, .

‘when Questioned at the port, said he was lane thrugh an accident),

He confirms the stories about Quai po and Yague,' In Vigo he heard tho
followlng. story - Ths Governor of Burgos was imprisoned. fcr black marketewring
and a eon of his, a lieutenant in the army, wet to Madrid to see Serrano
Sunsr, who refused to see him and told him te see hia secretary; the lieu’
tenant refused and was referred te the AMdo-doCamp, The Aidewdio-Camp -
unfortunately asked }in what he wanted and the Governor's son aaid ~ "I
wanted to p.t two bullets in 3, Saner, but as IT can't Tl1 put them in

you inatead?s he shot him and left him deed.

In Vigo a bad meal cost him 20 pts, He does not know anything about it,
but the people saythe Gerains take everything. When we ask hjs opinion
about the searcity cf rice, olive oll, otc. he ends by saying that he thinks
too that the asia take ite

FUTURE PROSPECTS —- Ho says that any regine will do as long es it is not
this ona. No blood to be spilt and Sthose in the wrong® to be pardoned. There
are many people in the urong who joined Frmco, but have now repented. He
says that those people fear the fall of Frmoo because there would be ree
tribution, and many people would be killed, but if the Republic could cone
without bloodshed everyone muld be delighted,

A cow is worth 5.000 pts. Tho Civil Quard turn a blind eye to thea con~

. traband sdles of the peasants because it suits thon,

REPORT No,S58

Report from a youth of 17, a Cuban, born cf Spanish patents, who
was living in Santanier fr about ten years with his grandmother. Hs has
no pokiticd convictions and in some respects is rather influenced by Kasia
end reactionary propaganda. He ia quite a wide-ewake intelligent boy. Eg
talks with no reservations and seoms to be tolling everything he knows.

TTITUDE OF TRE SPANT 3 TO THE WAR AQATHST ew He eays that in
Spain there are tw p 8, one wich supports the Garaens and wishes

' for their triumph and the other which ayspathisesand hopea for the victory
- of the Allies, wi the first class S, Sunsr stands out, it includes all the

Folangs, some generals, and the middle clasa, governemt employees etc,

fhe other clase includes the majority of Reqiétes, the rich whoso money is

in Londen, the workers, end all the poor in general. “Bg says that in Spain

4t is only permitted t ak in favour of the Gormans, ani that the partic

gans of the Allies espe Seered afd‘ tmefig-trusted frienis. With the

passage of tim, owing to the German campaign in Rusaia, which the Falangists|
seid would end in a week, there’is growing a loss of confidence in tho.

Garman triumh, both amng the partisans of the lies, who were dispirited at |
the beginning of the Russian camaign, and among the supporters of Oormany a
thensolves, Ea says that in Spain, except for a-couple of. Falangist*focls, mo

one. wants_the. war, not_even_the army chiefs, much less the soldiers. He- - .
realiy thinks. thet if they gave the order to march, go one would. protest, but

he dees not insist on what wuld definitely happen. he German defeats in. _
Russia, which are considered very important. in Spain,. have"greatly contributed -

‘ to valee the morale of the enemies ‘of the Falange, who are now resisting it -
openly. (Ee refers to the Requstes and: in puamkx gen®ral_to. the partisans of -
., England wtio are very munerous). The entry of the. ‘UeSs inte the-war was not

4

_ considered ‘very imortant, because. Ogrnan: propaganda, Which’ is very widespread,
"gaye thst the submarines. sank,all the ships Which came te Europe and that :

there was very little use in producing a quantity of war material if it ‘never ae
He, aida that: the people’ realised’ that, the Geraane ‘ware: cat


-
a
Y

~- 18 « ue s/seiz
exezgeratine, sinee in the Rusist an Campaign they sali that the Russtans
: were defeated alresdy and nevertheless months passed ani the war went on. .
Our inforrant did not mow the existence of the Anglo-Soviet and Soviet— the
: american pacts, although he heard sone agroewent spoken of, but he never

* knew exactly what it tas. There was 8 lot of talk about the second frent, .
‘and it 4e thought it will be in France. hen asked ehat,in the event of

| the English landing in Spsin, the attitude of the peonle wuld be, he says be .

thinks the Requetes would unite with them, When I told him I tiouzht they |
. had sent a brother of mine to tie Div, Asul. he made a face as if they had

‘ gent him to the devil. "I am sorry, because those To go to Rusda in genera
, d not return, and those who do come back arecrippled for life*, He says

that &e the Div. asul was joined by the unfortunates mio are, with their
fanilies, dying of hunger, ind adventurera and robbers; some too because
they were soldiers already and did not dare say no because tley would have
cut their throats if they hed. He says that in the beginning a group
of 40 left Ssntander and a few months ago tonc ame ions, armless, legless
or tubercular, the rettdied bf it. One of them, a captain, and tubercular,
told sexe of his faudly and friends that all the Ggraan propaganda on the
Russisn war was anabsolute lie. That the Russians never retreated until they
wera killed or received an order to retreat. That it is a lie to say’ that
they have no leaders, and similarly that they have rio material. He knew
better than mybody what the war in Russia had already cost the Germang. .
During the winter they had lost nillions of men and a great deal of
material, It was terifying what want :n there. He says that thoes who come
back from Russia are forbidden to sreax of what they see there and therefore
it is impossible to get more détails. However they tell their friends in
confidence.

ASSISTANC2 CLVEN 3Y THS FRANCO-PALANGIST ROGINE TG HITLER, —- The reinforcements
‘they sand to the Div. asvl grow less each time, Wo one wants to go because
the stories of the survivors aro gradually pansed round. He adds that the
Germans pay them wery highly. They give them 3.000 pts. just for crossing the
frontier. A few months ago a few left Santander to concentrate in San
Sebastian. It ie there that they train. While tefore, they made propaganda
out of those who were going to Rusaia, and ear then off at the Station, now
it is done secretly.

All foodstuffs are sent to Germany, that is why there is fasine in Spaing
®I wish you cold seq all the things they send, Inmagine that one can! get
olive oll, which used to be so abundant in Spain®. fhey say that in Bilbao
and in Reinosa (?) and other places the factories work for the Germans.
_decording to him there are no Garman soldiers in Spain, only technicians.
Germans in civilian clothes are “particularly common, Ke added that the
Ogreans spend mitlions on propaganda and there are nany newspapers, reviews,
pamphlets ete. which are diatributed gratis. The pecple, as a result of so
much propaganda, do not now what to think on some points. They say - *If
what the Germans say of Russia is true that country 1s doomed to disappear;
there is nothing but savagery there". He says that some German propaganda
postcards show Roosevelt and Churchill dressed as prostitutes, and Stalin
in the middle embracing tham. The people do nct like thie kind of propaganda.
as for the German infiltration into the ccuntry, he limits Hmeelf to saying
that they are the zasters in Spain. He gives no data. “Ha says that the
Falange is very much woakened, that only timeservers and. those who ‘do -

_ business, thanks to the positions they occupy in.it,are its. supporters..

Bhereas, when -it-began, evayybody- wished -to ‘be _Palaneists, - now no one tekes -

any notice, and some people are careful to Conceal the. fact that they. >. :-.

are Falangists. They say that the Requetes” appear: “very ‘upset. They were

the ones who fought hardest in the war and new the Palancists are ‘taking’

advantage of the victory. He says they do not give. positions tothe . : = ‘
Requetes, and. when the Felanzists: ‘control. the‘ ‘eyndi cates ‘they do. not, give” are
then work either. - “There is a great deal of: discontent among the Requetes,. and.
_ they. have already. begun’ ‘to speak. openly against: the. Palangists:and those. whom: a
they: blame :for: the present’ situati in Spain, They accuse them of being. _

_webbers. ie. veaye: that. they have printed: -breadsheets about. the -Falange, whieh -
oS ‘scatter’ on the streets and atiek- on walls:at night. - ‘He ‘adds-that the: -
‘syndicates have. wany membera,. degause- ‘dembership Ascodligatory; at if: At: .

“Were ‘not so no.one. would beleng.: They oblige: ‘the, ‘young men to'enter the-:-- 0 -
. Greate = de. 2a durentad®, although many are already losing thetr:fear, and. |


14-0000 . roy

y wu SN pie : ee : ee 4 |
- do not Join, or, if they make them members against their will, 0 ety the: :

pay the dues, Referring to the despatch of workers to oor aT ood a. weal, 4
numbers were high because they offered them a good salary on cenbers of tht oe:
but he haa the impression that they were deceived, like the remel —_ : i

Div, asul. a does mt snow any core details. |

FRICTIGN PETWREN TH2 RULING CLASS J" SPAIN. — In the ersy there *s a op :
headed by Yasue and queipo, who are opposed to Spain enterin: the aeeath the -
Germans and Ytalians controlling Spain, He says that in conjunction wth | H
Requetes and other individuals in the army, they were. preparing & ore ed cm. °
against Frenco, and principally against 8, Suner, who is tho worst hated o ’
tut it was found cut and no one knows what hapr6a/ to Yague and. Queipo.. dos
General Espinosa de los Monteros also had semething to. do with it, but he does
not know exactly wiat iis part was,” Referring to Yague, he says that he was Se .
diemissed from the gir Ministry when he made a speech in favour of releasing 3
the prisoners. Queipo refused to allow the ipa’tane to have any olive oil. . :
The situation of the soldiers is very bad. ey hardly eat at all, and are

very badly clothed. It is pitiful to see thed. They all wish to be de~

mobilised as soon as possible. The '39 draft has been d snobilised and he

thinks the firat reserve of the '40 draft as well. He thinks it ia because

they cannot keep them in barracks for want of food.

THE POOPLE'S RESISTANCE TO THS WAR AND THB REGLME — According to our infore
mant the atate of mind of the people is one of extreme hostility towards the {
present state of affairs, although it 18 not obviously shown. Tha Reds
are in hifing, He says that the only people who are openly fighting against
the Falange and the Regime in power are the Requetes. That besides ths
pamphlets we have referred to above, there often appear on the walls, lampoons
and posters against the Palange. Ho rememcers one which said more or lest =
"Famine and Theft, that is the Falenge*, ‘There appeared another very like it, but
he does not know what it aaid because they rubbed it out at once. He says
the Requetes also accused the Palanghets of being cowardly assassins who are
‘only userul for doing masse assassinations (®dar Paseos").. ; ; :
The.people take a sympathetic view of these actions of the Requetes. In :
the queues people saamaunyx speak against the Government and the Palango. :
There are nany prisoners, When the "nationalists" first entered Santander thoy
killed pecple in thousands. The Falangists held many “passos®. They went on
killing, only less than at first. The prisoners died of their harsh treatmant,
- many wore tubercular. He doea not incw if they give them organised assistance.
Probably relaticna and friends.’ He does not «now of any activity of the party,
or the J.S.U. The Reds are very carefully watched, The only cnes who do_
anything are the Requetes. In general our informant does net «now any of ow
organisations because he was very jounc when the war began. The only thing he says ~
is *the Falangists are like those they used to call the F.a.I. They go toa .
‘house, steal, take a man, take him and shoot him, and then it is finished®.
‘We cculd not get my information about the Union Nacional, althoush he gives the
impression that he does not <now anything about it. : :
He has no ideas .n the futurg prospects... He thinks that thia depends on
England; thero is talk that the Requetes wish to set up a King who is not a
Bourbon. He does not -ncw anythi e restoration of Don Juan. The Falengiets
are enemies of the Mpnarchy and the people do not worry much about thie
problem. Referring to the attack on 8, Suner; Espinosa de los Monteros,
Ambassador in Berlin, had on one of his visits to Madrid, a violent quarrel ,
with Suner and in consequence resigned. He reports that then he was aprointed
Captain General of the Sixth Region, Burgos, and on taktag over the post he nade ‘
a speech in which he attacked the Falange. He reports that as a consequence he ..
was violently dismissed. A few days later a eon: of the general whois a.
licutenant in the army, shot at"SsSuner several tizes, he thinks in’ Madrid, -
_aFrese was wounded in consequence, The press- said nothing about it. They
published a notice that the Secretary of the Party was undergoing an abdominal
operations oe ; — Se as

wee oe te

A few niles. from. Santander, and in full view of everybody, ‘it. was attacked .~

', Wery.near the ooast by two English aeroplanes which all but sa . Keo.
-<.' Says it entered harbour; listing over on one.side. ~The: English aeroplanes were
‘' pot able to finish the sinking’ because German pursult: planes’ forced ‘them to ~ OE
retire. When asked whére the (German) planes ‘cane. from he said Irun: (Hegives -. -

Lassatape een ene

The Italian sub:arine which entered Santander-wes damired ‘in’ the Caribbean.


oh

RzPoRT 371

was @aridi at the factory. Ke lived in Nutionalist circles, they were tho

The opening éf the second front would be received with joy by ‘all.

-~ D+ 8/4612
the impression that he does mt «now really where their baso was)e

30.7042,

A young BasQue 24 or 25 years old. By profesaion a metal-worker. Up to
the beginning of the war he, was working with an-uncle in Zaragoza. Ee remained
in the battle sone throughout the wtole war and was mobilised in Prenco te army,
Is a Basque nationalist, like ‘almost all’ Ms family, Althourh a workman by
profeseion he always worked with his relati.ng, almost alvays as.fcreman, or
at least as manager. He has no political point of view nor are his class
foalings very developed. He has never belonged to any syndicate. after the
war was over he worked in Bilbm ina wire factory where there were about
a thousand workmen. Ha final'‘y left work in order to devote himelf to the
Black Market because, acording: to him, it was impossible to live on what he

only ones with which he was con ected. For this reason tia report is rather
incomplete, end in soce cases lacks objectivity. He is rather reserved.

ATTITUDE OF THE SPANIARDS TOWARDS THE ANTI-SITLER WAR, — In the graphic
words of the informant, 90% of Spaniards are partigans of England. . The
workers, peasants, petiteduurgeois, capitalists, and some of the clergy,
(later he told us the majority of the Basque cures) are cn the side< England,
although in a passive way, and against Germany and the Palange.

fhe general opinion which ie expressed in ccnvarsations between groups of
friends, and lately alzo in the street, is that the defeat of Germany is ine
evitable, due, according to our informant, to the fact that the Allies have
more economic resources and more primiry materials. It ie thought that the
United States will be a very important factor in theredisation of victory.
fieo the defeate euffered by Germany on the Eastern front contribute to
streacing this opinion.

In Sain everyone is tired of the war, and no one wishes Spain to take part
in it. There people are ina real panic on this acore. Our informant thinks
that if Prance ahould.decide to ficht, in viewd the terrorist nature of the
Regine, the people would have to obey. Later in another conversation he said that
there were people who, in that case, would hide in the mountains,

The defeats suffered by OG grmany on the Rastern front were well krom
there ant contributed to increase the people's confidence. Hes ays that they
sad there that, in spite of their resistance, it was obvious that the Russians
were not sufficiently prepared to face a power like Germany. .

The entry of the United States into the war was received with ‘oy by the
pecple who interpreted it ss an event destined to shorten the war, of which they
are all very tired over there,

The Ratification of the Anglo-Russian Pact and the American-Russian agreemmt
is known there, althcugh the range ard content of the pact and the agresmtnt
were not mown. He says that the Falangist press; only said that these nations
hed prozised not to make a separate peace.

He does cot know t.e agreement about the secont frmt, although this ~ :
subject is very often. spoken of, with the idea that it would be the final blow to
Germanye Over there they think that the. opening of the Sgcond Front will remit
in the rising of the French people, perhaps the Spanish people too, With tie idea
in mind the people often discuss possible landing places. It is thought that
thds-will-take-place-in-Franeé,-although ome say it ‘might also, happen | in- Spaina -

theweertale nea ve

The attitude of the people to the “Division Asul® is frankly. ‘hostile. wet

"Tt has no sympathy from the people, | ever from the very; moment the reeruiting- was so. SoG 4

He 8 ays. that“in the beginning a. few volunteers gave- their: names; mainly” se m
Falangists wie w.shed to earn merit in order to improve’ their . position’ in: ‘Saline -
Others went ‘pecause their position. in Spain. was. -dasperate ard: they thought it | ,
“4g they left it.” Some, tho. wens. in the arey,. found ‘theasel ves...

But. they all went: ‘in the tel {ef that they: wuld see thew.

got into ‘trouble:

froma @istance,. and: that they:were really. being sent as a. symbolic deputation:
. for the Moscow parade. ie aya the prea; made propaganda, asserting that the.
‘wasn soldier ° could. fig in and sitmates as they. had shown; vat Teruel: Te


. } survivors cane back disillusioned. They repent: of having zone.. The
aegoet ty of them come back 111 or crippled. He adds that tne war in Russia .

Cathilic per

_"' and they do not wish'to-have the’ Fesponaibility of the crimes. co:
--* Official poste cre occupied bya series of bandits.” Oe

f _ . -~ 2» : , | S/s6re

hat when the names of the first casualties arrived, the people were clad |
we oaid tinat wilt teach them to interfere in what does mt ecncern then®..
ie worse tian the Press resorts.it; the Spani sh war was child's play corpared with
it. The Falangists are ucre reserved and nake ro-public criticisms like the,
others but among their friends they also say that it Was terrible. They went
into action in fact just before the Russian co-nter-offensive began, and ~~
received the full crunt. They hed many losses throuch bullets and the cold,
Some of those who came vack crippled have German iron crosses for which they
get a pension, our informant does not know the am en$,fron the Cgrman covernsent,

SUPPORT GLVEN SY THE FRAWG' TST REGTME ID THE PALANGZ TO PITLER. — Our
informant does nut know in whatquantity thay send reinforcements to the Blue
Division. He thimke that there is saze exa‘reration on this nvint on the prt .
of the Falancist Press with tries in this way to encourage enthusiasm avong the
young men. He knows that the place they report to and tra'h 1s San Sebastian,
and that from there they leave for thefrent. He thinks that they are still
spending people, but they are only *reliefs® for those who come h:me. Ha adds
that those wio yo to the Division asul today,with very few exceptions, do it
against their will. They get the majcrity of those who go from the barracks.
He says that wany workzen went to Garmany on account of the lack of food and
work. He does nst know hom many but he thinks a fair wuantity. He says that the
people take these things calmly generally, bscause they cannot do anytthz
against them. He only heard that in Ipum there had be2n some acene with the
Bive Diviebn or with the workers who were going to (lermany but he zives nos
actual details, saying that it is dangerous t» try and Imo too much,

In Spain the Gost fervent supporters of tha Nasis are - Suner, Minos Srande,
Moscardo and other generals, and especially the "idealist® Falancists, or those
who cuaultted injustices or profiteered and are afraid of "the tables being
turned*, . .

‘Ee says that the Falange is only the shadow of what it was during the
wer. That at the begin-ing sany people fo.ned it for safety's sake, but now
it iswdead thing that no one takes any notice of, The same happened with the
"Flechas", “Frente de la Juventud® ete. The syndicates have many members,
because membership is obligatory in order to get work. The workers would not
join them if they could help it. He says that ali the directors are Faland at
bureaucrats who take a.vantage of their position to steal all they can. He
cites.a3-anexemple the fact that emloyers are obliged to pay sometzinz as
a contribution to the subsidy allocated to workesn with large femilies, out he
says that the Palangista do not pay it to anybody, but spend it themselves.
For these and other similar reasons there is a lot of discontent among tle
e@zploysrs, ; :

Our informant says tmt they aro still sending large quantities of food
to Germany, also iron and othgr materials. The people know that if there is

‘famifie in Spain it is becaus@/the Germans and the "Black Marketeers*

Asked bbout the production of ths metal factories in Bilbao, he says that

| they are working at presaure, but he does not know if it is war material.

He knows that pig-iron is being sent to France, he imagines it is intended —

‘for Germany. Iron ore is also sent to France dy seas

FRICTION AMONG THE RULING CLASSES, -- He knows that in the aruy there is a-surge
eoling againat the Falange, but he says that it has‘rc outalde repemmessions,. <

The-only-incident-Imown there was the case of Yague and Queipo de Llano. In; -

“general there is a great feeling. egainst the Falange ‘among the. soldier.

In
consequence is that they make life imposaible for. Falanzists.in the army, :-*

Bo says that the majority of the Basque Priests are. enezies of Ogrmany;.
of ‘the Falange ‘ad of Franco. They are very inti gnant: about the executions < ~

of nationalist. priests’ carried. out by France.’ Even’ today.there.are-many of

. ‘ thea in prisons. He: says that the priests devote voluntary masses to praying: ~

that Spain may not enter the war.” |

-Be saya t

bat other members of. the clergy, alt ough.they ‘are opposed to the

, : y presert positions, re to,
; | at she richest: and. most influential people. there do 7ot wish to: -
hold offictal posts: besaise they feel ‘that:‘there will be a change in. Spain oa

' Be adds that

* th Freccutions ‘in Osrmany ‘and: Poland,.' sun-ort Franco because’ they balleve :
‘=. that only with bis-help. can,they ‘preserw. thalr Be

maitted. by ‘others. | 7

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14-0000

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Ratred for the Felange ie genéral in the najority. of soctal classes.
Ra says t!:at even those wio belonged to the Falange before, young ‘students, -
employees or just rich peo-le, do not wish to have. anything wo ‘do With it |
now, and say that the Falange-is going’ to the doga. : Fon,
Be adda that in general everybody hopes that- the triumph of England will oe
cause s change of government in Spain and so they confine themselves to waiting ;
alth uzh there is talk of a posalble coup dtetat by the poldiera,

RESISTANCE CF TS -PRO LE 4G INST ENTERING 7m AR: aD 40 NST TES. ‘
REGiWG —- The peoole wisn to sse.the situation change as Boon aa peaaible, but
they believe that the solution must come from outside. According to our infore-
Rant, there is nc thought of fighting against dba. regine. We ways that the
workers in the factory in which he worked epoke openiy against the regige but -
he does not know tha’ there was any activity. (Given the character of the
infsrmant wo may sup 066 that even if there was he would take pains te imore
At). From time to time the women rioted in the queues at first they simv

them up, «ow they say nothing. He asserts that every day the people speak ncre
openly against the régime. The contribution to SAuxilio Goclal® was obligatory —
before but row no one pays. When the young ladies of "Auxilio Soclal® beg for
subscriptions in the streets ami ask the reason for refusal, soma people answer =

Secause I do not wian to®%

He says that when Franco was at Bilbao the pegle reaained in their houses
and he was received only by four “chats bottes® in the offices of the Falange,
At the end of Franco's gsaech not a soul applaudel, Then some Falencist
young ladies said, half in tears, ‘shat wo must do is buy a machine gun and
ehoot them all®,

Assistance to the prisnersa, according to our informant is given by relations
and friends. ‘There is no organised assistance, but he proceeds to tell us that
certainl. thera have been collections sometimes in the factory inf avour of the
prisoners, but “by groups of friends®, He does not know of the activity of any
organisation, as such. The nationalists, according to him (he is a nationelist)
are toe ones wo have some organisation,

+ | They distributed there a speech made by Aguirre in America. (me of she
Prioto's was also in circulation, Ke has no news of the other organisations
although he adaite that if thay have any organization they would not go and
tell him avout it.

Rhen he is asked about the activity of the different organi gations of which

we the Prente Popular is composed, and the attitude of the militant party memers

: of these orgatisations, he asserta categorically that there tne people are
completely united, and there is now no talk of socialists, anarchists, coazunists,
republicans etc. All treat each other as comrades, end help each other as far

as they can. In Sain, according to our igformant, there are only now enscies
of Franco and the Palange, tho maintain a strict unityY among themselves; thay
discuss the progress of the war together,cou:ent on the situation ete. fm says
that the people wish for unity, resret the dieunion there was before in Spain.
and the quarrels between different parties and anti-fasciat organisations. ~~

Ba did n:t knew of the shooting of Larra or Diegues. Ths execution of Larra -
impressed him very much and he said that 4 in order to do what Lerra had done one
would need plenty of guts.

FUTURE PROSPECTS — fe repeata again that they believe in Bpain ‘that the triumh
_ Of England will cause a change in the situation. (We cust. point out. tbat for sone
tine there have been currente in the Basque nationaliga which have. been’: seeking.
for a Ssolution® of their national preblen with the assistance of England, .
transforming the "Pais Basque® into an ‘Englieh protectorate. or Doisinion: or, _
something like that, and even during the Spardsh war there were individuals who —
- thought that at the critical moaent the Basques would receive help. from the English) |
"| Our. informant told us at the begining that there people spoke only in.
favour of England, but after considerable eircumlocution he confessed that the .
. workers also syupathised very such with’ the. Soviet: Union, . although” ecnversations:
; in this direction wero much more restrained. He added that the people were quite .
cae wel] informed sboit the course of events as they liatet daily to the bulletine
_., -°, .( @f Radio Lofdon, and some also-listen.te those of Radio Mbscow, ms .
Tay Sl 7 She people “in generalare.-in favour ofa: solution on-the’ basis ¢. the
1 + Mgpublie.:. Others sre: afraid: that. the fall. f Freres will remit in a. Fevolution
_ Sworse than. the other® and for. this reason they are aore. heai tant, ‘Tho! i
a cee, _ Andividuals are apecialiy the rich, If they. believed’ that the Republic: would
ve ae > Me eatabTiahed ‘et Bhout bloodabed' they would-be ‘in eorplate acrosnent with 1te ;


14-0000

- .. In Spain they believe that Ritler ray be defeated in 1942, esrectaly
Af the Sscond Front is started. They also say that Russia is, bearing the
brunt of the fight.- . Se og °

ppeosiation about 9 monarchist restoration has neither delighted. cr.
depressed the poo;le. The posaibility does not arouse much. interest. me, oo 3
The people,who, according to our inforaant, Lave ost prestige in © : Z
Buskadi (Basque national territory) are Aguirre and Prieto, especially the »
OP TNeT » : . ; ;

, As regards conditions of waterial life he assures us that they are terrible
and that ie the fundamental.reascn why all the people have turned against
Frane@. There te much talk of "no. Lome without bread or a roo#®, but that.
does not inprove the situation. Lo ; .

All business igs controlled by the “Black Marketeers® cf ths Palange yy,

sheltered behind the Comittees of Supply, requiaition the crops fra: the

pessants at the standard rate, and instead of saliing them to the peonle at
the standard rate they reduce rationing to almost nothing in order to cozpal
tha people to buy articles on the Black Market, at a price which will give then
the profits. Hs saya tha these who have/foney to buy things contzaband (and
they are the majority since salaries have hardly been increased at all in
comparison with pre-war standards) die of hunger. He gives prices which
correspond with thoge for other regions of Spain®,

the nilitary and naval information contained in these reports has been
extracted and supplied tc the S.0.3. Trinicad, and the Military
Adviser, Imperial Cersorship, Trinidad, under the reference numbers
S.B,/3,0.%e1, am $,8./M.Asl resyectivel;.

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+

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Bufile: 100-436225

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BRT s90o+ 1969 (NY)

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‘24-dune 1966 (Wash.) m ; ‘
RE; Communist Party, United sTates of America; International Relations

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DBB-51452 —

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28 Feb. 1974 (NY)

RE: World Peace Council
DED 69841

FBX cable
11 Oct 1974 (NY)
RE: Communist Party, USA, International Relations

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20 Aug. 1975 (NY)
RE; International Conference of Solidarity with the
Independence of Puerto Rico, Havana, Cuba, September, 1975

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- FBI doc.
: 26 April 1961 (Betroit)
: RE: Michele Allison Winter
Field office file: 100-21782
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“FROM TP/FELES.

“WINTER, HELEN -

201-0289246 ~~ 109-009-022 Oe
0BD-90674 a
nn - 20 AUG 75” ee
ee a Fel a — - - - — a - - a
ee -

“FROM THE POLITICAL COMMISSION OF THE CO-USA

“ MBR DELEGATION U.S. SUPPORT COMM, FOR THE IN- __
“DEPENDENCE CONF IN SOLIDARITY W/THE INDEPEN-

~ DENCE OF PUERTO RICO.

LILLE.


14-0000

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DO NOCUSENT FXTRACT

“THE FOLLOWING ENFORMATIGN CCNCERNING THE SUQJFCT OF THIS 20r

DOSSIER HAS BEEN EXTRACTED FROM ANOTHER OFFICIAL 09 FILE. oe
PERSONS PERFCRMING NAME TRACES ARE CAUTIONED THAT THE DOCU-
MENT FROM WHICH THIS EXTRACT WAS PREPARED CONTAINS ADDITIONAL
CINFORMATION PERTAINING TO THE SUBJECT AND SHOULD BE REQUESTED
“FROM IP/FILES.

WINTER, HELEN

201-0289246 , 201-0850469
. SEX F 080-75231
31 MAY 74
_ . - ~ FBI 7

SECY OF INTERNATL AFFAIRS CPUSA INQUIRES RE
_ SONORA SANDY PATRINOS IF SHE INTERESTED IN THE
‘TRIP TO MONGOLIA


14-0000

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ASS TER HAS REEN EXTRACTENM FEMY ANOTHER OFFICIAL ON FILE, .
oo PERSONS PFREORMIAG KRAME TOACES ARE CAUTIONED THAT THE 9OCU-
ee ee MENT FROM WHICH THES EXTRACT AAS PREPARED CONTAINS ADDITIONAL 2 2 2 2 2, _
oo ENEQR MATION PERTAINING TO THE SHURJECT AND SHOULD AE REQUESTED .
ob eee a FROM TP/SFILES. ,
Ce “" WINTER, HELEN ; a
coe ee ee = RONRKOF89266 100~004-123
_ — SEX F N8N-74602
: 13 JUN 74
7 FRI
Cle oe . MBROOF POLITICAL COMMTTTEE AND CHAT&MAN OF THE _
_ ENTE@NATIONAL AFFAERS COMMITTEE CPUSA, .
oo MBR OF A DELEGATION F&OM CP USA WHO VISITED -
_MASCOW TO ENGAGE IN DYESCUSSION W/LEADERSHIP

a epsSu AURENG PERION 4-10 MAY 74

~~ DATE 23 JUL 74° 09144083 TO ce
DO) ~ CO8IRG

CL_BY 054979


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: DO LOCUMENT EXTRACT :

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voucens censure. PERSONS PERSURMING NAME TRACES ARE CAUTIUNED THAT THE DGCJ- —

ene . MENT FROM wHICH THIS EXTRACT WAS PREPARED CONTAINS ADDITIONAL : ;
a — . INFORMATIGN PERTAINING TO THE SUSJECT AND SHUULD BE 2EQUESTED . cee
- - ae . FROM IPSS TILES. . . . -

_.. .WINTER, HELEN.

. 201-0289246 200-€94-293/04
«SEX F D39-42198

. . . 13 CT 74

e3]

P2

_ DISCUSSED QUESTION GF CHIL AND USA GOV4 so rs
INVOLVEMENT ; . en |

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DOSSTER HAS BEEN EXTRACTEN FROM ANOTHER OFFICTAL Of FILE.

PERSONS PERFORMING NAME TRACES ARF CAUTTONED THAT THE ONCU-
MENT FROM WHICH THIS EXTRACT WAS PREPARED CONTAINS ADDITIONAL

.. INFORMATION PERTAINING TO THE SUBJECT AND SHOULO BE REQUESTED

FROM I[P/FELES.

WINTER, HELEN

201-0289246 201-0006887
_ SEX F. . . DAD-78208
06 SEP 74
CTT USA FRY

SCHEDULED FO DEPART FR NY O1 MAY 74 DFSTINED
FOR MOSCOW VIA AFROFLOT TOGETHER WITH FERN
AND HEN®Y WENSTON /201-0006887/ AND JAMES
JACKSON /201-CO11793/

_. .:OATE 04 NOV 74 | 09199669

“SECRET.

~ REPCQKL

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14-0000

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"DO DOCUMENT ExTRACT ~

_. THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION CONCERNING THE SUBJECT OF THIS 201
DOSSIER HAS BEEN EXTRACTED FROM ANOTHER OFFICIAL OO FILE.
PERSONS PERFORMING NAME TRACES ARE CAUTIUNED THAT THE NOCU-

we MENT FROM WHICH THIS EXTRACT #AS PREPARED CONTAINS ADDITIONAL
_.. ENFORMATION PERTAINING TO THE SUBJECT AND SHOULD BE REQUESTED
FROM IP/FILES.

"WINTER, HELEN

eee 20N02892466 201-0133619 : :
; SEX FO CBD-41515
oo 10 OCT 74
FBI

“"""GBSERVED ENTERING PREMISES OF POLD UN MISSION
NYC. MBRS OF CPUSA

BY 054979


14-0000

" _X-REF. SHEET S-E-C-R~E-T DATE 26/10/74

_ KSREFs, SY M3a NUMBER © _O0C, DATE Doc. EELEOD IN.
__., 201-9289246 08D -80203_ 26 SEP 74 201-0006887

HE ABOVE DOCUMENT(S) ARE CROSS REFERENCED

TO THE 201 FILE CITED UNDER LEFT MARGIN.
FOR INFURMATION CONCERNING THE LOCATION OF
THE FILE CONTAINING THE RECORD COPY CUCUMENT,
CALL FILES SECTIIN, EXTENSION 4127.

_ StE-C-R-E-T


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10 May 1974 (NY)

Subject: Hclen Mary Winter ; :
Bufile: 100-423449 : ;

FBI document
* 18 July 1974 (NY)
> Subject: Helen Mary Winter :
, Bufile: 100-423449 : _

fo PBI document
15 May 1974 (NY)

; Subject: Helen Mary Winter
: Bufile: 100-423449

" FBY document

: 19 Nov. 1973 (NY)

2 Subject: Helen Mary Winter
: Bufile: 100-423449

—e

FBI document : ,
22 Aug. 1973 (NY) :

: Subject: Tour of Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics by ,
» Representatives of Central Committee, Comnaunist Party, USA, :
r July 13 - Aug. 12, 1973 i

‘ ————


14.90000

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30 March 1973 (NY) . : :
Subject: Helen Mary Winter

Bufple: 100-423449

Beet glean kines

FBI document .
23 March 1973 (NY) . :
Subject: Helen Mary Winter

Bufile: 100-423449

FBI document

10 January 1973 (NY)
Subject: Gus Hall, aka/ Helen Mary Winter, aka
Bufiles: 61-8077 and 100-423449

FBI - document

20 December 1972

Subject: Gus Hall, aka; Helen Mary Winter,. aka
Bufile: 61-8077 and 100-68423499

: FBI document :
: 15 June 1972 (NY) :
i Subject: Helen Winter

Bufile: 10-423449 “

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SOURCE CAYPTONYM | DATE OF INFO. | LVALUATION

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DOC. SUBJECT

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2

BS. ANALYST Té. DATE PROCLSSLO 10. O'SSCMENATED JN

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PERTINENT INFORMATION

WINTER, HELEN

201-289246 200~004~324
SEX M DOB ? DBD -04464
O2 FEB 71
cit ? Fal ‘
nce ? .

CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY UNITED
STATS UF AMERICA LITCRATURE COMMISSIUN
VENEZUELA TO ATTENDED THE TV PARTY CUONGRLSS

R 7202160350

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: DOCUMENT DISPOSITION
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Ai FILE NO.

PERTINENT LNFORMAT ION
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WINTER, HELEN

: 200-004-324
‘ - 6
3ex e DO8 ? DBD -05593
: 16 FEB 71
j ' cit? FBI
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* | HAD DEPARTED USA 21 JAN 71 FOR VENEZUELA TO

‘ - ATTEND THE IV PARTY CONGRESS AS OELEGATES OF
CP USA

R 7103030740

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14-0000

FBI Doc.

17 Sept. 1970 (Wash.) ; ;
RE;Ccmmunist Party, USA Contacts with Communist Parties of be
Venezvtela, Colombia, and Peru

(NOFORN, NO DISSEM ABROAD)

DBC-93754

FBI Doc.

14 May 1970 (Wash.) .

RE: Comtacts Between Communist Party, USA and Communist Party
of Venezuela ,

DBC 82704

FBI Doc.

24 June 198669 (NY)
RE: Helen Winter
Bufile: 100-423449)
DBC 54933

FBI doc.

20 May 1969 (NY)
RE: Heler: Winter:
Bufile : 100-423449 - : cs
DBC 52075 . ; ”

' FRE&G@6&


14-0000

FBI doc.

inter

Helen W

69 #£NY)
Carl Winter,
DBC 39844

o

10 Jan.


1400000 + >

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SUBJECT OF DOCUMENT

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7. gouMcl CAvPTONTWLe, DATE OF taP6.

a nf --
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DOCUMINT OF HOSIT {ON

ANSFERREO TO
wl File NO.

+ E0008 @EFEARED YO THO PILE

PERT INEN NF ORM,

I: _ AMERICA /CPe USA/ HEADQUARTERS ON JAN 27,
69

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: WINTER, HCLEN , oi
a 201-289246 201~760A35 ; :
‘ SEX F 000 ? ONC =41305 . .
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toy HAD RETURNED FROM A TRIP AND ARRIVED FOR
boa WORK AT COMMUNIST PARTY, UNITED STATES OF :

R 6902051315

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RI FILE NO,

"S) DISPATCH OR S2UOCE DOC, SYMBIL nO.
“Teee. [e. EVALUATION

je. DATE Paoctssio Lid. DisstwiNATEO ia i. oate

PUICT ENC AT  IN§ ORMAT ION _

WINTER, HOETN

701-289746 201-752914

SFX F DOK ? DNC -41307
24 JAN 69

Cir ? Fal

occ 7? PS

SEC UORGANTZATIUN CilMMISSIUN, CP, USA.

MBR NATIONAL COMMETTFE, CP USA ON TRIP

7 DEC 68 TO CONNECTICUT W/HUSBAND CARL

WINTER /201-760835/, &. Me QREKHOV

4201~752914/ AND WIFE GALINA SERKGEYEVNA ~

R 6902061627

FILE IN 207. 287246


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Ol rile wo,

° PURTEMENT DME OHMATION 0

WINTER, HELEN
201=29246 201-752916
SEX M UUB ? oe -39101
: 26 DEC 68
| CIT USA Fal
occ 7
SECRETARY OF THE ORGANIZATION COMMISSION,
'CPUSA, ALSO A MAR OF THE NATIONAL COMMIT~
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DEB 77690

FBI doc. ,

18 April 1967 (Wash.)
RE: Helen Mary Wihter
Bufile: (SC) 100-423449
DBB 77957

FBI doc.

8 Nov. 1960

RE: Helen Mary Winter
DBF 62099

FBI doc.

26 July 1967 (NY)

RE: Helen Mary Winter
Bufile: 100-423449
AEB 88376

FBI doc.

2 June 1967 (NY)

RE; Helen Ma Winter
Bufile: 100-423449

-DBB 81991

FBI doc.
B 23 May 1967 (Seattle)
RE: «Helen Mary Winter -

Bufile: &E&had Field Office 100~-17363
DBB 81995

FBI doc.

27 April 1967 (NY)
RE: Helen Mary Winter
Bufile: 190-423449
DBB 78966

FBI doc.

18 April 1967 (NY)
RE: Helen Mary Winter
Bufile: 100-423449
DBB 78724

18 Jan. 1967 (NY)

RE? Helen Mary Winter
Bufile: 100-423449

SPACE A en Ia CEMA OG AMR CONT Nt,

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14-0000

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: Stx F Cee ? Cae -51452
24 JUN 66
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DOCUMENT TRANSFER AND CROSS REFERENCE

SUBJECT OF DOCUMENT

OCCUMENT HDENTIFICATION

a.
Rt FILE NO,

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SyMBOL HO.

@. Evarparion

td. ThansrEearD ta
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PERTINEN

WINTER, FELEA

© USA, KER VURK, NEw VYCRK
CCHMUAIST PARTY FLACTICNARY bHG = kCRKS IN
AATICAAL CFFICE, NEw YORK s New YORK.

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ant

3. DISPATEM OM SOURCE HOC. SyMBOL KO.

carr

Fv Sousce cavetoerwle, Date OF Ineo. |e. evaluaTiom

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PERTINENT pF ORMATION

WINTER» HELEN ‘ 201- 262338
201-289246, 038 -51958
SEX FO 20 JUN 66
CIT USA fel

GCC CP OFFICIAL

< USA

DEC 59 IN
ELECTEG TC NATL CCPH cPusaé
CHARGE OF CP SCHOOL IN BARKIST TRAINING

Ih NEW YGRI CITY» MAR 660

R 6607122280

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1400000 +

FBI c€oc. ;
.6 July 1966 (Seattle). , |
- RE: Helen Mary Winter ;

Field office file: SE 100-17363
DBB 77913 :

FBI doc . : 7
21 Jan. 1966 (NY). , .
RE; Helen Mary Winter :

Bufile: 190-423449.
DBB 77914

FBI doc. i
. 26 Oct. 1965 (NY) |
“ RE: Helen Mary Winter :
. Bufile: 100-823449

DEB 77915

)

FBI doc.

is 30 July 1965 (NY)

5 RE: Helen Mary Winter
Bufile: 100-423449
DBB 77916

: FBI doc.
t 5 May 1965 (NY) _

x _ RE: Helen Mary Winter
: Bufile: 100-423449

\ DBB 77917

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FBI doc. i
i 12 Feb. 1965 (NY)
Bo RE: Helen Mary Winter . . : |
a Bufile: 100-423449 ae
DBB 77918

FBI doc.

42 et

20 Nov. 1964 (Detroit) of
RE: Helen Mary Winter, nee Wagenknecht ; |

ON

Bufile: 100-423449
DBB 77919

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i 20 August 1964 (Detroit) 3
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5 Bufile: 100-423449. -. 3
, DBE 77920 g
FBI doc. .
25 Feb. 1964 (Detroit)
RE: Helen Mary Winter
Bufile: 100-423449
DBB 77921
FBI doc. '
17 May 1962 (Detroit)
RE: Comgress of Canadian Womey,Information Concerning
DBA 10048 :
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14-00090

. SECRET
— (Then Failed In) ee

DOCUMENT TRANSFER AND CROSS REFERENCE

SUBJECT OF DOCUMENT DOCUMENT ICENTIFICATION

2.
Rt FILE NO.

° 3. DISPATCH OR SOURCE DOC. ‘SYMBOL no. Tse
THE UNITED STATES FESTIVAL COMMITTCE, TBA -29197 22 APR 93
INCCKPCRAYED (EIGHTH WOFLD YOUTH FESTIVAL]? S5e8ct eaveronva[s. “cate oF inro. [9- CvaLuaTion

S- ANALYST Te- DATE PROCESSED 10+ OISSEMINATED th

COCLUVENT DISPOSITICGN
+ CROSS REFERRED TO THIS FILE 13. TRANSFERRED TO

201-2802h6 At FILE NO.
PERTINENT INFORMATION

es
WINTER, HELEN (201-269245)
PE T-2 ADVISED DURING CEPYEMBER, 1962, THAT ON SEPTEMBEN 15, 1952, CARL AND HFIEN
WINTER HELD A BUFFET SUPPES OPENHOUCE AT PEER RESIUENCE, 9556 BUFIETS, PETROIT, IN
HONOR OF THEIR DAUGHTER, MICHELS WINER, UPON HER REYUBN FEOM THE EIGHTH KORLD YCUTE
FESTIVAL.
LE T-3 ADVISED ON MARCH 16, 1953, THAT CARL WINTER WAS THE STATE CHAIFMAN OF TEE MOC
DE T-1, ON MARCH 20, 1963, ADVISED ‘HAT HELEN WINTER WAS CURRENT MEMBER OF THE
YOUTH CLUB OF THE MDOCP.
DE T-2 STATED THAT AT THE OFENHCUSE MICHELE WINTER GAVE A TALK AND TOLD OF VISITING
SOCIALIST CIMES, SCHOOLS, FACTOFIES, HOUSING, AND TEANSPOETATION, SHE TOLD OF
VISITING LENINGRAD, VOLGASEAD, MOSCOW, AND EAST GDRHAKY.
MICHELE EXHIBITED SOUVENIRS WHICH SHE BROUGH? BACK, AMONG THEM THE FED FLAG AND TEE
EAST GERMAN FLAG, MICHEL SAID SHE HAD MOST OF HER SOUVENTFS ENT BACK FROM THE
COUNTRIES FROM WHERE SHE ACQUIRED THE). AND CAFRIED HER LITERATURE IN THE BOTTOM OF
. HER BAG, WHICH HAD A SHCULTER STFAP. SHE SAID THIS WAY SHE HAS NC ‘TROUBLE WITH
"J CUSTOMS AND IMPORT AUTHORITIES IN THE RIFFERENT COUNTRIES.
£
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noose B67 vse reevious costions. ; ; SECRET : (7-88)

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14-0000

+ eae ee

FBI doc. ; oO
30 hov. 1961 (Detroit) :
RE: Helen Mary Winter :
Bufile: 100-423449 : _
DBF 96370 .
FBI doc. ; ’
24 Aug. 1961 (Detroit)
RE: @elen Mary Winter :
Bufile: 100-423449 i
BBB 77922 i
FBI doc. i
21 June_1961 (Detroit) y
RE: Helen Mary Winter :
Bufile: 100-423449 '
DBF 81488 :
BRE S&EGG £5 :
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COCUMENT IDERTIFICATION

+ DISPATCH O% S9URCE DOC. SYMBOL NO. 4. BaTe

DBA -01530 6 APR 61

7. SOURCE CRYPTCNYM} eA. DATE OF ENFO. {9- EVALUATION

ANALYST {6+ DATE PROCESSED 10. DISSEMINATED tw

GOCUMENT GISPOSITION
+ CROSS EEFERRED TO THIS FILE 13, TRANSFEPRED TO

201-2892h6 RI FILE NO.

PERTINENT INFORMATION

WINTER, HELEN (201-289246)

SUBJ. WAS BORN 6/25/24. AT LOS ANUELES, CALIF., RESIDES AT 9556 BURNETIE, DETROIT.
SUBJ.'S PARENTS ARE CARL AND HELEN WINTER, BOTH MEMBERS OF THE RATIONAL COMMITTEE.
CP, USA. INFORMANT ADVISED DURING 4/61, THAT SUBJ. IS NOT A MEMBER OF THE CP.
SUBJ. WAS REPORTED AS AN ASSOCIATE EDITOR OF "NEW HORIZONS". SUBJ. ATTENDED
CLASSES: If MARKISM INSTRUCTED BY CP MEMBERS. SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES SET FORTH.
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANTS CONTACTED DURING 4/61, COULD FURNISH NO ADDITIONAL
SUSVERSIVE INFORMATION. guBJ. IS A FRESHMAN AT WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY,

DETROIT.

ese inet Sa ah OS A Roan tina sith Ade

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14-0000

. . FBI doc.

: 24 Jan. 1961 (Detroit)

: : RE: Helen Mary Winter, nee Wagenknecht, et al.
DBF 67557

FBI doc.

6 Sept. 1960 (Detroit)
RE: Helen Mary Winter
Bufile: 100-423449
DBB 77923

FBI doc.

3 June 1960 (Detroit)
RE: Helen Mary Winter
Bufile: 100-@423449
BEBGEE884 DBB 77924


14-0000

’ 7% "SECRET

(hea Filled fa)

NOTE: Consult che 208 Control Systes Reference manuel
before completing thia form. Form must be typed or

printed in block lettere.

PERSONALITY FILE ACTION REQUEST

2. EXCLUDE TRUF NAME FROM MACHINE LEST

lO NO.

CHECK 2-4 © 2% 201
REQUEST. BO NOT CHECK
FOR 1DN.

5. 201 NO.

Toe
(Middle)

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7. NAME (Last), K
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VA. DATE CF BIRTH J 12. COUNTRY OF BIRTH

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ADDITIONAL CODES - P B PATTERN ONLY

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