ND AANAN
2025 RELEASE UNDER THE PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY ASSASSINATION RECORDS
ACT OF 1992’ . a

- SE-IDER WILL CHECK CLASSIFICATION TOP AND BOTTOM

|__| unctassiriep | [' CONFIDENTIAL.-[___[ SECRET _|
OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP.

NAME AND ADDRESS | BATE | INITIALS

qneooooE

FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER “ a F)
FROM: NAME, ADDRESS AND PHONE NO.

13-00000

-

-.

?

VAUNCLASSIFIED «= [7] {NTERNAL = -_ °C) CONFIDENTIAL ==) SECRET

FOIA REQUEST
~. : ; eB. 2 ez

a 7 Bo cers lid 2

0/DDO/FIO 7 cal SUSPENSE [5 —

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
building)

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
to whom. Draw a tine across column after each comment.)

SEK
rosa to
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are in hane as
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%. ppO/FIO att: Annette No record of subject
tube: CT-5 , 2B1415

No info identifiable

with subject

See attached memorandum

a
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4
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‘

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

23.8749 OF secret) CONFIDENTIAL [7] INTERNAL = s)sCUNNCLA’

13-00000

ve —, SONFIDENTIAL

27 JUL 1976

MEMORANDUM FOR: Privacy and Information Officer, DDO

SUBJECT: Weisberg Request (Martin Luther King, Jr.)
Part I

REFERENCE: 76-F-382

1. This office maintains a three volume sensitive
(unofficial) file on the Subject. We no longer maintain
201 file (201-760966); Dr. King's files and documents
were closed out on 6 November 1974 and forwarded to IP
files on 25 May 1976. A further check of other records
in this office revealed the following information relevant
to the Subject. While a large number of documents are
available which mention King, the majority are dated after
his death and in some way are related to world reaction to
his assassination which was on 4 April 1968, prior to the
implementation of the MHCHAOS program, 4 July 1968.

a. The following overt items (excerpts from books
published) are considered releasable to the requestor.
There are no exemptions. Black Power/White Resistance,
(BX-3283) by Fred Powledge; The Negro Revolt, (EX-3267)
by Louis E. Lomax; Ghetto Rebellion to Black Liberation,
(EX-3212) by Claude M. Lightfoot; Is Anybody Listening
to Black America, (EX-3573) by C. Eric Lincoln; Martin
Luther. King, Jr., (EX-3670) by William Robert Miller;
SNCC - The New Abolitionists, (EX-2108) by Howard Zinn;
The Black Muslims in America, (EX-2109) by C. Eric
Lincoln; Negro and Jew, (EX-3573) by Shloma Katz;
Chronicles of Black Protest, (EX-3439) by Dr. C. Eric
Lincoln; The Black Messiah, (EX-3669), by Albert B.
Cleage, Jr.; Black Power and White Protestants, (EX-3211),
by Joseph C. Hough, Jr.; The Negro Mood, (EX-2127) by
Lerome Bennett, Jr.; Black Man's Burden, (EX-3571) by
John Oliver Killens; When Negros March, (EX-3577) by

Yocs {->3

“ren yy enecimenet ch ev DEI
CONFISENTIAL ! -

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

Herbert Garfinkel; Black Man's America, (EX-3208) by

| Simeon Booker; Staff Study by The Committee on Internal

i Security, (EX-4866) dated 1970; Testimony of Gerald

t Wayne Kirk, Hearings of. the Committee on the Judiciary,

_ (EX-7044). 1970; Hearings Before the Committee on Un-
American Activities, (EX-2131) 1968; Riots, Civil and
Criminal Disorders, Hearings before the Sub-Committee
on Investigations, (EX-2169) June 20 and 21, 1968;
The New Left, Memorandum prepared for the Committee
on the Judiciary, (EX-3535), 9 October 1968; National
Review, 3 May 1967; The Rebel (published in Exile),
May-June 1967; The New World of Negro Americans,
(EX-3571) by Harold R. Isaacs.

b. The following overt items which mention the
Subject and/or his activities are not available in this
office.

hington Star, dated 14 August 1968
i dated 4 February 1969
dated 8 May 1968
Washinton Star, dated 14 April 1968 .
Washingtgn Star, dated 20 January 1969
Washington Star, dated 10 November 1968 |
Washington ‘Star, dated 29 March 1969
Soul Newspaper (BX- 3653), 1 December 1969
New York Timed, dated 13 April 1967
New York Times,\dated 18 August 1968
New York Times, Wated 5 October 1969
Time, dated 12 ApNl 1968
Liberation News, dated November 1967
Committee Newsletter}, dated May 1967
D.C. Catholic Standar dated 18 July 1968
3 Militant (pg. 5), dated. 22 November 1968
Ottawa Citizen, dated 1/#\December 1968
Sepia (pg-. 66) (EX-3592),\December 1969-destroyed
Jet Magazine (pg. 17) (EX-3(94), 7 August 1967-
destroyed ,
The Black Panther (pg. 10) dated 1969
Washington Post, dated 1 Septemker 1967
Washington Post, dated 15 Novembar 1968
Washington Post, dated 28 June 19
Washington Post, dated 26 May 1968
Washington Post, dated 24 December 1968

%

CONTIN TIAL


13-00000

Post, dated 14 December 1968
Post, dated 19 November 1968
Post, dated 22 September 1968
Post, dated 17 August 1968
dated 29 March 1968

Washington

Washington 20 March 1968
Washington Post, d May 1968
Washington Post, November 1968
Washington Post, dated ril 1968

Washington Post, dated 968
Washington Post, dated
Washington Post, dated 14 March 1969

c. The following overt items pertaining to the
Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. are
releasable to the requestor. There are no exemptions.
Look, 15 April 1969; Washington Star, 24 April 1968;

12 March 1969; 13 March 1969; 17 March 1969; 20 March
1969; 23 March 1969; 24 March 1969; 1 April 1969;

2 April 1969; 4 April 1969; 13 April 1969; 24 April
1969; 27 May 1969; 16 July 1969; 31 May 1969; New

York Times, 10 March 1969; 7 March 1969; 8 March 1969;
14 March 1969; 16 April 1969; 23 May 1969; 24 May 1969;
26 May 1969; 1 June 1969; UPI-108, 3 January 1969;
Washington Post, 3 January 1969; 18 January 1969; —

28 January 1969; 31 January 1969; 8 February 1969;

8 March 1969; 11 March 1969; Tass International Service,
_11 March 1969; Daily World, 12 March 1969; Washington
Post, 12 March 1969; 13 March 1969; 17 March 1969;

18 March 1969; 20 March 1969; 22 March 1969; 23 March
1969; 26 March 1969; 8 April 1969; 12 April 1969;

Item from News Dispatches, 1969; The Sunday Star, 16
March 1969; Item from Associated Press, 8 April 1969;
Associated Press, 14 June 1969; Associated Press item,
13 May 1969; Associated Press item, 14 May 1969;
Washington Post, 21 May 1969; 23 May 1969; 24 May 1969;
27 May 1969; 26 May 1969; 25 May 1969; 16 July 1969;

30 May 1969; 16 March 1969; 27 June 1969; 20 June 1969;
26 June 1969; Washington Star; 4 May 1968; Washington
Star, 29 May 1968; Time, 13 September 1968; Washington
Post, 19 September 1968; Chicago Daily News Service,
undated; Washington Star, 18 September 1968; Washington
Star, 23 September 1968; Los Angeles Times, 7 August 1968;

Car Capriaty Rneb fron Ops (Pre. - shone aan ts

; |
CONFIDENTIAL


13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

Washington Post, 16 August 1968; Washington Star,

-6 July 1968; Reuters, London, 6 *July 1968; Washington

Post, 22 July 1968; Time, 26 July 1968; Washington
Star, 12 April 1968; Washington Star, 13 April 1968;

' Washington Post, 13 “April 1968; Washington Star,

14 April 1968; Washington Post, 14 April 1968;
Washington Post, 16 April 1968; Delta Democrat

Times, 16 April 1968; Washington Star, 17 April 1968;
Washington Star, 18 April 1968; Washington Star, 19
April 1968; undated. item; undated item; Washington
Star, 23 April 1968; Washington Star, 23 April 1968;
Washington Star, 24 *april 1968; Washington Post, 6
May 1968; Reuters, London, undated; Reuters, undated;
Reuters, 16 July 1968; Associated Press, 9 July 1968;
16 July 1968; Reuters, 16 July 1968; Reuters, 9 July
1968; UPI-122, 9 July 1968; UPI-48, 10 July 1968;
UPI-129, 15 July 1968; UPI-48, 12 July 1968; Associated
Press, 17 July 1968; Reuters, 2 July 1968; Associated

Press, 2 July 1968; Reuters, undated; London, 2 July

1968; UPI-30, 2 July 1968; Reuters, 8 July 1968;
UPI-21A, 2 July 1968; UPI-125, 2 July 1968; London,

2 July 1968; London, 2 July 1968; Associated Press,

2 July 1968; UPI-8, 2 July 1968; London, 2 July 1968;
London, 2 July 1968; Reuters, undated; Reuters,
undated, Reuters, 2 July 1968; Associated Press, 18
July 1968; London, 18 July 1968; Reuters, 18 July 1968;
Associated Press, 18 July 1968; Associated Press,

18 July 1968; Reuters, 17 July 1968; Reuters, 17 July
1968; London, 17 July 1968; Associated Press, 17 July
1968; Reuters, undated; London, undated; Associated
Press, July 1968; Reuters, 17 July 1968; Associated
Press, 17 July 1968.

d. The following documents are releasable in
sanitized form to the requestor under the provisions
of the Freedom of Information Act. Excised portions
are exempt as noted. OIRT-06733, 23 September 1964,
exempt under (b)(3)(a); (b)(3)(b); OIRT-06733, 16
October 1964, exempt under (b) (3) (a); (Cb) (3) (b);
CSCI-315/02051-64, exempt under (b)(3)(a); (b) (3) (b);
S-19, 5 October 1967, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b) (6);
8-20, 5 October 1967, exempt under (b)(3) (a), (b) (6);
UWCA-3510, 11 October 1967, exempt under (b)(3)(a), ,

. (b) (6); EX-01655, 5 November 1967, exempt under

(b) (3) (a) ,/ (b) (6) ; TMWAVE-1417, 26 February 1968,
exempt undpr (b)(3) (a), (b)(3)(b); Georgetown-5024,

OS fsa ah)

CONE DE NTIAL

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

26 February 1968, exempt under (b)(6); EX-895, 7

March 1968; exempt under (b)(6); Kingston- 4004,

6 April 1968, exempt under (b) (3) (a), (b) (3) (b),

(b) (1)5(B) (1); Mexico City-5143, 7 April 1968,

exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)}.(3) (b); Tokyo-9443,

10 April 1968, exempt under (b) (3) (a), (b) (3) (b); . .

Bir-90530, 10 April 1968, Rass

Ces ter tbdr, (b) (6) ; 3-Mexico-518¢;-t0-Aprét ti
JMWAVE- 2022, 12 April 1968; exempt

uns = (b) (3) (b); Berlin-2149, 15 April 1968, exempt

under (b) (3) (b) s (b) (6); Ear ateet te tpt crg6gy kN

by(67; Memo draft, dated
26 April 1968, ert snde> (b) (3) (a) (if USIB concurs) ;
FHT O4e4, 7 May 1908; exempt under —{b} (3) (a3; (8) £635

ae o0et ns Sens Ioe ope ECO git

B-173, 19 September 1968, exem £ Mt

$3-33-(b—.
oe (b) (3) (b); RL=188,—-413-Nav: ?
B-2628, 21 May 1971, (b)(3)(a),  (b)(3) (b), (b) (6); win
Budapest-017, 19 May 1971, (b)(3)(b), (b) (6) ; “EX=8726,—

Memorandum, 28 November 1975, exempt under (b) (3) (b).

e. The following Top Secret (SI) documents
which mention either Dr. or Mrs. King are held in
OPS/ITG (SI) vault:

Le toay 7
3/0/QOF/T151-67
3/0/QOY/T-58-68 |
3F076OUTPTP269~6

“89
3/0/QOY/T57-67
LOL GOUELHEETS= 9 y

3/0/QOF/T95-67 .
3/0/QOF/T106-67 a
3f0fG0UL/TLFF—-69

2. The following documents are exempt from release;
exemptions are as Cited.

veh FIDENTIAL

13-00000

6

al

eS

b }

37 6

.to the Subject in a record p

CONFIDENTIAL

Cables:

(a) Kingston-4905, dated 8 April 1968; according
to (RUABBE/1) a Jamagéan service four groups are trying
to get demonstrations going against the Amembassy, but
without success; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1).

(b) Bogota-0654, dated 10 April 1968; (GISOY/GIJAY)
unit intercepted propaganda: items from Cuban mail pouch.
Disclosure to the requestor would identify a clandestine
method of the station for obtaining information; exempt
under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).

(c) Mexico City-5210, dated 15 April 1968; Para. 3
of this cable mentions an intercepted letter addressed to
President Johnson protesting the King assassination.
(LITEMPO/12) a member of a Mexican service provided the
information; exempt under (b)(1)}(5)B(1).

(d) Mexico City-5249, dated 17 April 1968; the
Legal Attache provided composite photos of suspect in
connection with King assassination and asked for check
of visitors to Soviet and Cuban embassies; exempt
under (b) (3) (a).

(e) Bogota-0703, datwd 20 April 1968 (GISOY) Qyy
surveillance team followed American National with \l
a striking resemblance to Galtt~exempt under (b) (3) (a)~

and (b) (6).

(£) Paris-9506, da 22-April 1968; concerns
Forman's arrival in Paris, i ental reference to
the Subject; exempt under (b) (3) and (b) (6).

(g) Nairobi-3000, dated 14 June 1968; source
(TGFLER/ 1) stated he had an interview with Robert F.
Williams. Incidental reference to the Subject; exempt
under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).

_(h) Director-48988,\dated 7 November 1968;
concerns a Richard George rrin, incidental reference
taining to another subject
ocument responsive to
(a) and (b) (6).

and should not be considered a
the requestor; exempt under (b)

CONFIDENTIAL

13-00000

L-———

G7

CONFIDENTIAL

(i) Addis Ababa-NQ27, dated 18 August 1971;
source (JEPYX-1) entertained Hosea Williams in his
home during latter's visit to Ethiopia. Incidental
reference to the Subject; exempt under (b) (3) (a)

and (b) (6). \ Logan
; \o
Dispatches: ywe@r~) && AS , 15 gud bb-os (2aQasaal a

(a) OELA- 48626, date
a memorandum prepared by (Ru
with MHALPHA-related individua
to the Subject; exempt under (b)

9 January 1968; forwards
s F. Rodigast) which deals
; incidental reference

)(a) and (b) (6).

(b) FJTA-53902, dated 29 January 1968; forwards
a pamphlet (which also contains an article mentioning
Dr. King's name) from BEHEIREN Hqs. in Tokyo, obtained
by (POFRAGRANCE) a unilateral source still active and
sensitive; exempt under (b)(3)}(a) and (b)(6).

(c) OEPA-982, dated 15,March 1968; forwards a
copy of recent correspondencd, between (QRPHONE/1) and
(QRPEONY/1)}. Incidental refetence to the Subject;
exempt under (b) (3) (a) and (b)(

(d) OEPA-1058, dated 17 ril 1968; contains
operational information submitted by the Station
concerning (RODIGAST)° contains an i
of the name Dr. Martin Luther King;

(b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

(e) OEPA-1097, dated 29 April 1968; is a report
by (RODIGAST) on SNCC activities in Paris in the aftermath
of the Dr. King assassination; exempt under (b) (3) (a)
and (b) (6).

(£) HMMA-34688, dated 20 May 1968; contains items
from (LIBIGHT/LIMUD) a sensitive teletap and mail intercept
operation coverage; exempt under (b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

(g) FJTA-54934, ated 31 July 1968; Americans
Invited to Leftist Conference in Japan. (POFRAGRANCE/1)
a unilateral source stilhactive and sensitive provided
the information; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
Note: An extensive search Mas failed to locate the
attachment for this document. he covering dispatch
makes no mention of Dr. King or his assassination.

CONFIDENTIAL

13-00000

‘CONFIDENTIAL

(h) OCOA-13493, dated 27 September 1968; is a
report forwarded by (SMABOVE) a Canadian service;
exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1).

(i) OELA-51949, dated\10 February 1970; (JAGUAR)
a British service forwarded press clippings (they
i £ the name Dr. King)
by or about a Jonathan Power; exempt under (b) (1) (S9B(1).

Activities of Andrew Pulley in Ne

a New. Zealand servvice provided the in
exempt under (b) (1) (5)B(1)-.

(k) ANLA-4097, dated 16 December 1970; concerns
a memorandum passed to (KRHOLLY) aNigerian security
service requesting information ona watchlisting of
the MHCHAOS group who were destined Africa; contain
an incidental mention of the name Dr. King; exempt
under (b) (3) (a). .

(1) OCOA-17031, dated 27 June 1972; (SMABOVE)
a Canadian service provided a report on the Day of

- African Solidarity; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1).

Memoranda:

(a) EX-1239, dated 22 August 1967; is a Biographic
Summary on Kunstler, William Mos incidental refefnce
to the Subject; exempt under (b) (3 and (b) (6).

(b) Memorandum S-13, ted 5 October 1967;
Subject: Views of the Reverend Daniel Mallette on
the Black Militant Situation in\Chicago; incidental
reference to the Subject; the infermation was obtained
by QRPHONE/1, a sensitive unilater source in a personal
interview with Father Mallette; exempt under (b) (3) (a)

and (b) (6).

(c) B-35, dated 8 February. 1968; Black Nationalist
Writers in Paris; incidental reference to the Subject;

exempt under (b) (3) (a) and (b) (6

iv)

“s
—

CONT IDENTIAL

cel
al

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

(d) B-75, dated 9 April 1968; Subject: Attempted
Anti U.S.-Demonstrations in Kingston, according to the
Special Branch of the Jamaican security service; exempt
under (b) (1) (5)B(1).

(e) . Memorandum, dated\16 April 1968; Subject:
Tentative Plans of Senator Rebert Kennedy to Visit
West Berlin on 1 May. Incideytal referenc to the
Subject; exempt under (b) (3) (a}\, and (b) (6).

(£) EX-1623, (rewritten) dated 17 April 1968;
Subject: Biographic Summary omHayden, Thomas Emmett,
incidental reference to the Subject; exempt under

(b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

{g) B-88, dated 18 April 1968; FBI provided our
representative in Mexico with composite photos of
suspected killer; exempt under (b) (3) (a).

(h) B-89, dated 22 ApriK\1968; Subject: Radio.
Messages for Stokely Carmichael‘during April 1968
riots in Washington, D.C. Incidental reference to the

Subject; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and Xb) (6).

(i) B-92, dated 23 April 68; Subject: Arrival
of James Rufus Forman in Paris; incidental reference to
the Subject; exempt under (b)(3)(a)~and (b) (6).

(j) B-97, dated 25 April 1968; Subject:
Investigation of Death of Martin Luther King, Jr.)
concerns a subject who did not appear to be identical

with FBI's suspect; exempt under (b) (3) (a).

\ =
(k) EX-1183 (rewrite of 9 July 1967), dated
26 April 1968; is a Biographic etch of Howard Zinn;
incidental reference. to the Subjest; exempt under

(b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

(1) EX-1490, dated 14 Jun&\1968; is a Biographic
Summary on Mark. William Rudd; i

(m) EX-2148, dated 4 Septem 1968; is a Biographic
Summary on Szymanski, Albert John Jr}; incidental
reference to the Subject; exempt under (3) (a) and (b) (6).

CONFIDENTIAL

13-00000

7 CONFIDENTIAL

(n) B-191, dated 9 October 1968; Subject:
ait Jamaican Special Branch Report - Jamaica/ United
States Black Power Ties; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1).

(0) B-308, dated 17 February 1969; Subject:
Bahamas/United States Black Power Ties; report of
a British service; perenne under (b)(1)(5)B(1).

ee L-13 3y-& (Feb - oS ref faanat Dr, 2, 3, be
yl ~(p ee 618, dard’ 8 September 1969; Subject:
| ag 2 NO, Worla Council of Peace planned delegates to Paris;

7b

ae | per Ro a sensitive reliable source revealed a Clarence
i | : 7 Fielden Jones as being in contact with Martin Luther
bs ad King; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).

(q) EX-9272, dated 21 November 1972; is a summary
about Ralph Henry$ incidental reference to the Subject;
exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).

(vr) EX-10198, dated 2 May 1972, concerns
VB#5 and miscellaneous commen by (MHRUPEB) $
incidental reference to the Subject; exempt under

(b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

(s) CSCI-1763, dated 14 May 1968 (201-760966)-
451% this file has been Closed. — Porord wn.

3. Thirty FBI reports which mention the Subject and/or
his activities. Excluded under 1900.3(g)(4). See Attachment I.

4. The cited documents are available in this office
if needed.

Chief, Interfationl
Operations Staff

Attachment: a/s

10

_ CONFIDENTIAL _

13-00000

TO: -
° OPS/ITG

BUILDING

REMARKS

Pls note which of the SI docs.
mention Mrs. King only.

AXKRXMMEAX WHE KEX EKA
Is NSA-the orginating agency.

for all of these? o
KEn Dr. biog

eMFerton ooospic ff }— |

BUILDING EXTENSION

1644

FORM NO. Qui REPLACES FORM 36-8
WHICH MAY BE USED.


13-00000

“ Ly February 1968, exempt under (b)(6); EX-895, 7

“March 1968; exempt under (b)(6); Kingston- 4004,

6 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b),

(b) (1) 5(B) (1); Mexico City-5143, 7 April 1968,

exempt under (b) (3) (a), (b).(3) (b); Tokyo-9443,

10 April 1968, exempt under (b) (3) (a), (b) (3) (b);
Dir-90530, 10 April 1968, exempt under (b) (3) (a),

(b) (3) (b), (b) (6); Mexico-5188, 10 April 1968, exempt
under (b) (3) (b); IMWAVE-2022, 12 April 1968; exempt
under (b)(3)(b); Berlin-2149, 15 April 1968, exempt
under (b)(3)(b), (b) (6); Dir-92664, 18 April 1968,
exempt under (b)(3)(b), (b) (6); Memo draft, dated

26 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a) (if USIB concurs);

HHT-6444, 7 May 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b) (6);.

“ ~ “_Stockholm- 9024, 7 June 1968, exempt under (b) (3) (a),

(b) (3) (b), (b) (6); B-173, 19 September 1968, exempt

B-2628, 21 May 1971, (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b), (b) (6);
Budapest- 017, 19 May 1971, (b)(3)(b), (b) (6) ; -EX=8726,—
t—under—€b} (3) €b- B66) ;

- Memorandum, 28 November 1975, exempt under (b) (3) (b).

. e. The following Top Secret (SI) documents
' which mention either Dr. or Mrs. Sing are held in
OPS/ITG (SI) vault:

| 3/0/QOF/T151-67% ue”
_ 3/0/QOY/T- 58-68%
- 3/0/QOY/T57- 674

i
!
i

| "3/0/QOF/T95-67 *
' 3/0/QOF/T106-67% ”
3L0/G0UT/TLI7-69

1
i

j
2. The following documents are exempt from release;
exemptions are as cited.

5
wun LEN TIAL

under (b)(3)(b); RL-188, 13 November 1968, (b) (3) (a); pone


13-00000

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13-00000

ar

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MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

Para C:

I cannot match.the documents with the list you provided.

Please arrange the articles chronologically and number. them
lightly in pencil to correspond with numbers in a memo (see
attached Memo from the DDA, 26 March 76, para be. It would be

useful if you would. use that format for all your memos, as the

way you have done it is very hard to follow without making errors)

Also clipped documents have parts cut off of them or are almost

unreadable. Can you provide better copies? -

Para D:

1 First document is a report whose number should be left in. © Pls

provide another resanitized copy.

2 Please delete dissemination controls in your sanitizations; other-

wise we just have to do them over. Also classification was left
on one doucment. See BBHXK clips.
3 Please provide sanitized Ist a page of EX-895, 7 Mar X 68.

4 Please delete cite numbers from incoming cables.

Many thanks.
, [byy Das]Pic

13-00000

i
i

J UNCLASSIFIED =] INTERNAL, =) CONFIDENTIAL —] SECRET

SUBJECT: (Optional)

: gid i3 NUMBER
Ti B- ZF
eet _L thew Ce ve ‘be spas. Le e

0/DDO/FIO “ | aa (8 Le.

SUSPENSE SATE

i TO: Officer designation, room number, ond -
ileding) CFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

: hed
_ - — INITIALS to whom, Draw a line across column after each comment.)

DDO/FIO att: Annette /_/ No record of subject
tuber CT-5 , 2B1415
Lhe /_/ No info identifiable
i ra See attached memorandum


13-00000

h
i
B
f
i
i —f
i

_ P RETURN TO

rome 3749 ( secret  ([] CONFIDENTIAL

2946

a UNCLASSIFIED © O wim CO cOnFIDeNTiAL [secret
PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
| SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUES@ERUMBER

new Luthee King (beisaeee Pegvesr) 76 ~ 382

FROM: Ae’ DATE SENT
0/DDO/FIO CT-5 & ) WE

SUSPENSE DATE

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)

22 July 1976

EXTENSION

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
building)

DDO/PIC:

os
%.
%

Please see attached comments.

[cues

¢| |

CI/PA (Graves)

fez
mi

m8 bo
a

oe

DDO/FIO Attn: Annett // No record of subject

Tube: CT-5, 2B1415

/_/ No info identifiable
with subject

/2h see attached Somacsancam

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST |

( IATERNAL” = s]._s«UNCLASSIFIED

at

13-00000

Administrative - Internal Use Only

22 July 1976

DDO/PIC

Re: Martin Luther King (Request #F-76- 382)

In response to this request, CI Staff has no records with the
exception of one document, prepared in the Office of Security:

Memorandum for the Record, dated 1 July 1968,
Subject: King, Coretta Scott (#541 487).

A copy is attached for referral.

q. Ow) Mec hrxe—
Daniel L. Roche, Jr. ;
CI/PA

Attachment: |
Referral Document,
As Above

Administrative ~ Internal Use Only


13-00000

“| SUBJECT - Xana, . Coretta Scott’

} to in an FBI report onAlfreda ABELL, #355 109, dated 10/29/54, which -
. indicates that on 7 September 1952 ABELL, the Subject of a "Security
'.Matter-C" type investigation, Communicated with C: SCOTT, Route 1,

'. from 1947 until 6/30/52 when her employment was terminated for security |

oy in February 19015 to which she teok Eélen KAGAN | as her guest.

oh duly. 1968:

MEMORANDUM FOR : The Record.

FRM | gs MD stevens:

*, #541 487:
: AKA: Mrs. Martin Luther KING
nee: Coretta ~Scorr

1. Subject, w hout question, is the Coretta SCOTT referred

Box 158, Heiberger, Alabama, which addresa was daentified as the resi-
dence of Coretta SCOTT. According to the postmaster at Heiberger,

’ (in 19547), Coretta SCOTT was then attending the New England Conservatory.

of Music. (Sea attachment A) Mrs. Coretta Scott KING is said to have -
attended this Conservatory and while there to have met her future
husband. (See attachment 8)

2. Alfreda ABELL, who. was a clerk in the UN Secretariat.

reasons, was said in the New York Times on 2 January 1953 to be one of -
25 former employees of .the UN ousted as one believed to be a communist .:
_ or under communist discipline. While employed in the UN, ABELL was aa
reportedly active on behalf of the Pro-Communist group of the UN Staff |.
Committee and was friendly with, and actively participated in giving :
a party in October 1951 to honor, four persons who had been dismissed ..
by the UN for security reasons. (ie: Jeanne PICOU, identified as a
‘menber of the French Communist Party; Mary Jane KEENEY, a CP member
-active in the Communist Party underground during the late 30's-early -
hO's; Benedict Soloman ALFER, also reported to be a CP member; and.
Rajah HOWRANI, who was reportedly a Communist Party member and had a
received training in the Soviet Union. The individual said to be responsi=

3 “a ‘ble for ABELL's employment in the UN, and to-have been her supervisor
ps there at-one time, was Adam TARN, a Polish citizen said to be a Communist.
' Party member. According to the FBI report on ABELL, she registered with’.

the American Labor Party when voting in 1949 and 1952; subscribed to .
the National Guardian; and attended a W.E.B. DuBois testimonial. dinner

GROUP t

-1- Excluded from automatic

oe : | downgrading and 1 Ih dg se
. or te Mish OBER + G. By. daclasification a ed re
Teint used Ot $2 be used wfo chees’ sk +5

13-00000

Sing SOR BAMA pene fo a 8 weet

veel eocainae Greta cr 1p A TEENA NT ae ong Pe ee ES

;
;
:
:
i
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wD Cranere ten ong

attra ME ce we eee

pene are AMEE ES

wae AEE MeN a I NOTE

Lie ce rae De et tae Pee, te mae

3% " ABELL anG Halen KAGAN, who also was terminated at the UN
Secretiriat for security reasons, were reported in October 1952 to
veequently return to the UN premises where they were said to oftan

‘uu geen in its corridors conversing with certain Russians and alleged...

Communists. According to a confidential FBI informant, ABELL in
March 1952 made a check payable to KAGAN in the amount of $150, and
KACAN had made checks paysole to ABELL on a number of occasions.

Helen KAGAN is Helen KACGAN-POZNER, AKA: Elena Aleksandrovna Wilga, ote. ,

#348 486, who is suspected of having long engaged in Soviet intelligence
activities. Her brother, Vladimir A. POZNER, is an ide;tified KGB
officer and her cousin, Vladimir Wolf POZNER,is-a know: «sember of the
French Communist Party and is suspected of involvement in Soviet
intelligence. Her long-time consort, Peter WILGA, a leading figure

in the CPUSA, was also suspected of Soviet intelligence connections.
Helen KAGAN-POZNER WILGA is of continuing interest to the ¥BI and

to SRS.

4. At a Senate Internal Security Subcommittee hearing in
New York City in late 1952, Alfreda ABELL refused on grounds of self-
incrimination to say whether she was then or ever had been a communist,
whether she tried to ‘organiza UN workers, or whether since leaving the
UN in the Simmer of 1952 she had revisited UN headquarters in the role
of a communist organizer. The FBI continued to have an interest in

ABELL until at least Tecember 1961, the date of an FBI report in her.
file. :

5. The postmaster at Heiberger, Alabama in advising regarding.
Coretta SCOTT, as stated above, commented that she had in.the past sung . :

on the same program with Paul ROBESON at ROBESON's personal invitation.
(Louis BUDENZ has stated that prior to his, (BUDENZ), defection from
the Communist Party in 1945, he knew Paul ROBESON as a secret member
of. the Communiat Party») .

BP Seal

GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic

- downgrading and
dorlercification |

ig a

wen ce oe nee etnies aon eter aero ot

foe

Loée

<p.

RETURN TOs

om 3749) SECRET (] CONFIDENTIAL x] INTERNAL —] UNCLASSIFIED


13-00000 5

SUBJECT: (Optional)
Re Martin Luth

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
building)

|. DDO/PIC  F. G. Randal
SUT =] Amber; GX-2 pls rel

[] UNCLASSIFIED © (x) INTERNAL [CONFIDENTIAL [1] SECRET

REQUEST NUMBER

AICS
er King, Jr. — Harold Weisbe z F-76-382

OFFICER'S

(INITIAL 3
s to whom. ial ‘a jine geross column after each comment.)

||

“FELTON 4ARY
DDO/PIC
EXT. 1644

" SECRET = £2‘ IMPOST

104127
TUBE HT1

CL BY 004152

RETURN TOs

‘9 og 3749 Cc] SECRE

T [J CONFIDENTIAL x) (NTERNAL. «= 7]: UNCLASSIFIED

13-00000

‘Ch UNCLASSIFIED =) “INTERNAL (1 CONFIDENTIAL (1 SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING — FOIA REQUEST

Maetw Luthe Kine (Whks pees Pequesr)

FROM: eisGandabor (TAC OATE SENT
, 0/DDO/ FIO Ext. 9415 i J UWE
SUSPENSE DATE

TO: (Officer designation, room number, ond
building)

DATE

RECEIVED | FORWARDED
LY,
go

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
to whom. aw a line across column after each comment.)

1.OSG/OC
Attn: P. Marine

Z|
2, 2B16

9. DDO/FIO Attn: Annette Jt No record of subject

tube: CT-5, 2B1415 ©

Lit Ti TT ae

/~/ No info identifiable
with subject

/_/ See attached memorandu}

RETURN TO:

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

7 INTERNAL = s]_sUNCLASSIFIED

fom 3749 ( secret  [[) CONFIDENTIAL


13-00000 |

dg UNCLASSIFIED CO IATERWAL

SUBJECT: (Optional)

[farern Luthee ki
a

0/DDO/FIO

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
building)

FR PLANS

- PRIORITY HANDLING

[] CONFIDENTIAL (] SECRET

FOIA REQUEST |

REQUEST NUMBER
7@- FRTZ

A)

DATE SENT

Weisee
EXTENSION
SUSPENSE DATE
9415
each comment to show from whom

COMMENTS (Number
to who Dra ich comment.)

wa tine across column after sac!

RETURN TO;

i273 S749 [.] SECRET

SERRRBHi},
CECEECHT
LETT TET hy

PRIORITY HANDLING

(] CONFIDENTIAL

[2
/_/ No info identifiable
with subject

No record of subject |

TT See attached memorandum

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL =] UNCLASSIFIED

13-00000 .
oe NRA A I en Ne a nN eH
Oo (NTeRNaL CONFIDENTIAL CO secret

PRIORITY HAN zh NG FOIA REQUEST -

SUBJECT: {Option al} a - a f request NUMBER a
IF %- 362)

: _ ee Se
. i Lo Lf : typt-t - FSUSPENSE DATE

” Cd ¢

ae = 7] T

e . OFFICER'S | COMMENTS (Number eoch comment tte show from whom

Fi INITIALS to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)

? oO ‘UNCLASSIFIED

3
z
z
g
o

RETURN TOr

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

(fom 74g Co secret (] CONFIDENTIAL [] INTFNAL [7] UNCLASSIFIED

4 he ee I ee ee es he ee la tute pees


13-00000

(o) .CONFADENTIAL

component.

If deletions aré ;
ve made, please. make id. |
ve forward the ‘sanitized ersion
naa : to this Staff to send to the |.
as os requester. Cite the FOIA = |.
ie _ nn subsection which applies to. .
Wo : ‘the deleted portions.
a a Se S| " If the document.is. denied

please cite the appropriate
subsection (s) of the FOIA.
In both of the above:
‘kg a instances please name the
To | denying official.


13-00000 np
- ae 7
(] UNCEASSIFIED =|) yggFRNAL [1 CONFIDENTIAL ==] SECRET

oe _— ~ | .
PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST [iE
SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER 4
| Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. bh requested by weiner rion | q

FROM: EXTENSION | DATE SENT . . q
DDO/PIC _ 5 Aug 76 ;
M. Felton . SUSPENSE DATE
1D4125 1644 LBXEX 9 Aug 76

=~ 4
TO: (Officer designation, room number, and | ae . Le a
building) © OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom: }.

| recewveo | rorwaroeo| INITIALS fo whom. . Draw a line across column after each comment.) a |
|. q ; : fe
Mr. W. Strubitts
SA/LA/EICO
2,
5.

ee

- FOIA request. Pls cite |
exemptions for denials and
partial denials.
Thanks.
| oMFelton —

Bae

; itt | “1 4
eT3 ‘Pls review the attached for | |
‘release to Weisberg per his |. |

2 to 8:

Have sanitized the
attached documents for release
to Weisberg.

Z
@
a

* DDO/PIC
M. FElton HT-1

RETURN TO?

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST |
rom 3749 oO SECRET [1 CONFIDENTIAL oO ae oO UNCLASSIFIED

wR ee ee the tec pene ine an ne anne aaa ae ee ee a ee LS CTS CE OE SORES LOO ESTEE


Tet eee enter nenen foarte aay tae rte SENIOR 4 TTT,

UNCLASSIFIED =] INTERNAL [1] CONFIDENTIAL [] SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,requested by Weisberg F76~382 q

FROM: EXTENSION | DATE SENT
M, Felton ; 5 Aug 76
DDO/PIC SUSPENSE DATE
6: ‘9 Aug 76

1D4125 |
TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

building)
Draw a line across column after each comment.)

' H. Thompson .
EA/OEM/FOI BU-2 ! (7 OPS/ITG propeses we pass the
attached document to Weisberg
in response to his FOIA
request. Do you-agree with’
this. and with their saniti-
zation? In particular, do
you agree with leaving the
addressj@t the top of the
attachment to the dispatch?
Thank you.
MFelton

S don't think we :
Mba bh Ag Me j
i Loree AA 4 Op i

‘|e M. Felton Ls ty cde . |
DDO/PIC HT] a the med LL. :
fave To Ge Pemoid, |

2-4: Agee, we de wot —

Lotior TUR "9, ; ‘a oe ,

RhoA: Reloeea & ,oht — :

te equator Dhow oy _ ‘i

Wr ceemeel FAH FC FEF |

ee 27
te le hl

RETURN TO:

\ REQUEST —

UNCLASSIFIED

PRIORITY HANDLING — FOI

( secret [] CONFIDENTIAL [) {NTERNAAY =

ceetidbe ee

FORM 3749

13-00000: =

C1 UNCLASSIFIED ~ © (2) INTERNAL CONFIDENTIAL CI secret

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER

Martin Luther King, Jr., requested by Weisberg F76-382

FROM , “ EXTENSION | DATE SENT :
Felt ;
M. Felton 5 Aug 76

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and 7 .
building) OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

ITI.
RECEIVED INITIALS to whom. Draw a line across column after each commen vt)

"Mr. C. LaClair 8) AUG 976

EUR/EXO GS-6 Pis review the attached docu-
ments for release to Weisberg
per his FOIA request. Thanks.

MFelton-

Ee

/Z

Ruf

4~ SVE
Ogu

aHESari
MLZ

CLA

OWI — (2 Iadebied
laa “wo Trees

Cat bR

eur lexo CS-69

8- ppo/PIC
ATTN: Mary HT_]

=
<>

RETURN TO:

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA

O93 3749 [1 SECRET - a8 CONFIDENTIAL = Pat O UNCLASSIFIED


i en pe eT RR RR te cane ee ei te ag mY

13-00000

C unctassiFiep oO cv RNAL ~3>* (7) CONFIDENTIAL | [] SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

SUBJECT: (Optional) . REQUEST NUMBER q

Martin Luther King, Jr requested by Weisberg F76-382 }.

: j a EXTENSION | DATS, SENT ;

M. Felton mo Le Ay ;
DDO/PIC :

104125 a Rony

TO: (Ofcer designation, room number, ond :
building) COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom, Draw a line across column after each comment.) :

Pils review the attached. docu-|.
ment. for release to Weisberg
per his request. Cite
exemptions for deletions « or .
denial. Thank you. :

' MDFelton

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

ong 3749 Cl SECRET O CONFIDENTIAL O wea 0! UNCLASSIFIED

eT ke alate ect esi tcc gt a Sb

PTS cena ee ae cee Fiend eet ane betes Sh ae

13-00000

Ww

Cl uncassinied =O Ua [1] CONFPDENTIAL

4X] SECRET

SUBJECT: (Optional) . REQUEST NUMBER
; FOI Request - Martin Luther King, Jr.

(Harold Weisberg - Requester)

¥F 76-382

FROM: | : EXTENSION | DATE SENT

Donald G. Vorhis 7486 R 9271. 26 July 1976
Sally Weiler _ 6400 R 9581 [susrense DATE

IPS/DDA 2E42 2E42  “Hqs_ D: DX~2 31 July 1976

TO: [Officer designation, room designation, room ‘number, 6 ond OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom {]
. {NITIALS to whom. Drow o line ocross column after each comment.)
FORWARDED
: DDO/PIC Mr. Randall
ee The attached 7 documents |

2 Pls relay to HT-1 Amber

were surfaced by 08S/IRG
in its search on Subject. The -
documents originated in your

component or predecessor
a} — component..
Y, Uf) Please review the docu-

ments to determine if they
can be released to Subject
in full, in sanitized form,

or they are to be denied.

If the documents are
releasable in full, please —
have them declassified by an
authorized officer of your
component.

If deletions are to be
made, please make them and
forward the sanitized versio

to this Staff to send to the

requester. Cite the FOIA

subsection which applies to

the deleted portions.

If the document is denied

please cite the appropriate
_ subsection(s) of the FOIA. ;
, In both of the above
instances please name the
denying official.

We do| not know anything more about this
incident. Inasmuch as it apparently did
not abpear in the press, I am afraid that |

the ihformation in these memoranda, if
put into the public domain, could jeopar-
oe “"“aige bur relationship with the person who |
r provided it to us. Therefore both docu-
, ments! are ebing denied pussuant to
~ BCL), Ch) (2) po) (MEL

UNCLASSIFIED

qPe et

13-00000

LISTING OF ATTACHED DOCUMENTS

(1). Memorandum from DCS, dated 28 May 49 6
- 1969. ft
(2) Memorandum to Director, DCs, # ag
dated 19 February 1969. ; ce ;
(3) “DDO cable, dated 8 June 1968, a
IN 27362. ; oo ;
. — >
7 (4). DDO cable, dated 8 June 1968,  @7
IN 27366. ; . ot .
. (5) DDO cable, dated 8 June 1968,
IN 27367. a
-o*

(6) DDO dispatch, UFGT-16828, dated —- 7
15 July 1966.

(7) DDO biographic data on Martin

-Luther King, dated 5 November 1967. an


13-00000 3A Abe ye

vias ; . owe . . :
O] UNCLASSIFIED =») INTERNAL (1) CONFIDENTIAL =~ =] SECRET:
| ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET |

SUBJECT: (Optional) . kn.
Request for copy of CIA Cable from CIA Reference File

FROM: Cable Secretariat/Reference File
-Mr, Garnett U. Tate -
; Chief, Cable Archives

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
whem. Oraw a line across column after each comment)

. building)
_ The attached Form 1604,
"Archives Cable Service",
requests a copy of a CIA cable
for which the dissemination is
restricted. Would you please: -

(a) Forward the attached copy =
to the requester (shown on
Form 1604 or;

(b) Return the attached copy to
Cable Archives with guidance
in order that we may notify the
requester of the disposition of
his request. .

[7] INTERNAL = ]CUUNCLASSIFIED

oon 610 “torrens C) secret = ((] CONFIDENTIAL

3-62


13-00000 _ |
- . 2 ‘ .
| otf 7 CONFIDENTIAL on

(When Filled In)

REQUEST FOR DISSEMINATION CHANGE OR CABLE REFERENCE SERVICE

NAME OF REQUESTER

e

TO: CABLE SECRATARIAT BRANCH, 0C
’ CABLE REFERENCE SECTION -
JA-53 HQS. EXT. 6159, TUBE ES=6°

7 oo Po

¥| } It is requested that the dissemination of
In/DIR NUMBER

be changed as indicated.

STATION NUMBER
[7] ano:
L_] Recall copies from:

| Change action from:
Authorized by: -

NAME (type or print)

In coordination with: -
‘NAME (type or print)

Please furnish one copy of the cable described. I have va
made inquiry of the CS Records control system. .

STATION NUMBER

IN/DIR NUMBER

it VE ee nm

My , . flew
Frye Any

: T ow a UR E
° CONFIDENTIAL a7,

trove 1604 USE PREVIOUS EDITIONS

13-00000


13-00000 1

bet eo CONFIDENTIAL

(When Filled In)

TO: CABLE SECRATARIAT BRANCH, OC
CABLE REFERENCE SECTION
TA-53 HQS. EXT. 6159, TUBE £S=6-

/
'

CL Jit is requested that the dissemination of

tN/DIR NUMBER

be changed as indicated.

STATION NUMBER

[| ADD:
Cc] Recall copies from:
| | Change action from:
Authorized by:

name (type or print)
In coordination with:

“NAME (type or print)

[__] Please furnish one copy of the cable described. I have [__] have not | ]
made inquiry of the CS Records control system.

IN/DIR NUMBER STATION NUMBER DATE SUBJECT

2 onyt
s wy
Ve a

trey2 FGOW use previous EDITIONS CONFIDENTIAL E2, IMPDET CL. BY: 007622 | {47}




13-00000

re (9G

a SECRET :

FELTON MARY “> “ " HR-58)
wosPic — 194127 INDEX SEARCH AND 201 €ONSOLIDATION REQUEST
EXT. 1644 TUBE HT1

{P/F I CONTROL NO.

SECRET E2 IMPDET CL BY 004108

TUBE | ROOM | DATE INTTIALS REQUESTER’S NOTES

THIS REQUEST REFERS TO
IP/ INDEX DT-5 184003 Vv, . (Doc. Ref.)
(NA ;

SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS (TO IP/IN)

GIVEN NAMES

SPELLING VARIATIONS TO BE SEAR ~ 201 NO. IF KNOWN
; 201-

OTHER IDENTIFYING DATA (Occupation, CP membership, I. S.
affiliations, etc.)

AKA. ALIASES

DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH CITIZENSHIP RESIDENCE
~
RESULTS OF IP/ INDEX SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS FOR REQUESTERS ;
NO RECORDS IDENTIFIABLE WITH SUBJECT THERE ARE OTHER INDICES THAT YOU SHOULD CONSIDER.
SEE REVERSE SIDE FOR CHECKLIST OF OTHER INDICES AND.

7 201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS.
SURNAME NOT FOUND IN FILES ™~.
TO ORDER DOCUMENTS

Vg
INDEX RECORDS ATTACHED 1. REVIEW INDEX RECORDS.
2. DRAW GREEN DIAGONAL LINE ACROSS ITEMS YOU DO

i

THERE ARE RECORDS OF WHICH NOT WANT.

ARE FNU?S WHICH MAY PERTAIN TO THE SUBJECT OF 3+ FORWARD TO IP/FILES,
THIS SEARCH; THESE MAY BE REVIEWED IN IP/IN.
184003. *

COMMENTS

TO EDIT THE INDEX RECORDS

AFTER RECEIPT OF THE DOCUMENTS, EDIT THE INDEX RECORD

ACCORDING TO DO! 70-19.

1- TO DESTROY INDEX RECORD: MARK THE INDEX RECORD WITH
A GREEN D, AND CITE THE REASON.

2- TO MAKE CORRECTIONS/ADDITIONS: ENTER THE CHANG” = ON
THE INDEX RECORD IN GREEN !NK.

3- FORWARD TO IP/RMS VIA YOUR RECORDS OFFICER

eet Sone ac Sie

REQUEST NO./DATE/TIME 20! CONSOLIDATION

INSTRUCTIONS ON REVERSE
SIDE.

a Te To :
FORM 1h x PDET CL. BY; 007622 (4-8-38)
sera 902 oor tons ws SECRET £2, IM

13-00000

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fs)
x
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“201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS (See 001. 70-20)

1F SUBJECT HAS A 201 FILE,: SEND THIS FORM TO IP/RMS WITH THE INDEX RECORDS
MARKED. IN.GREEN TO REFLECT THE CONSOLIDATION ACTION TAKEN. (Documents
should then be placed in the 201, by the Researcher).

WHEN SUBJECT HAS NO 201 FILE. BUT MEETS THE REQUIREMENT FOR OPENING A 201
FILE, SEND THIS FORM TO IP/RMS WITH:

A. A COMPLETED FORM 831.

B. ALL PERTINENT DOCUMENTS, EXTRACTS, AND PROPERLY ED!ITED RECORDS FOR
CONSOLIDATION OF THE FILE BY IP/RMS.

SIGNATURE OF RECORDS OFFICER

CHECKLIST OF OTHER INDICES: REQUESTER SHOULD ALSO CONSIDER TRACING THE FOLLOWING SOURCES WHICH ARE NOT
; SEARCHED BY IP/ INDEX (SEE NAME TRACE HANDBOOK). .

DATE DATE DATE DATE
REQUESTED | RECEIVED SOURCE REQUESTED] RECE!VED

CENTRAL REFERENCE SERVICE

CiA LIBRARY

iforrice oF security

SOURCE

DO AREA DESKS
IP/ARCHIVES

OFFICE OF MEDICAL SERVICES
DOMESTIC COLLECTION DIVISION .

SB BIOGRAPHICS BRANCH
TRAVEL PROGRAMS
NAME OF BEARER FILE/OTS |

CUA APPLICANTS FILE/OFFICE OF PERSONNEL

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

| _____s [DEFENSE CENTRAL INDEX
| s[ceNTRAL REGISTRY - EUROPE
ee

SPECIAL ACTIVITIES GROUP-SS/IL (WFTU)
COVER AND COMMERCIAL STAFF
OPERA- RESERVE OFFICERS FILE
TIONS
STAFF INTERAGENCY SOURCE REG.

Cl OPERATIONS: CAPTURED GERMAN DOCUMENTS

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

SECRET SERVICE
DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

-Tg/G PROGRAM
“[wH SUBVERSIVES PROGRAM,

LT REMARKS

j.

GL.HdEH 2 EZ NOP

/

SECRET

13-00000

mp ot int ef ca! '

Gaon _—
i oo a a oo

a “MATN INDEX SEARCH RESPONSE — ns ¢:) 9 <2: ee .
- _ ark et eaiock Aaah inten eae ee
RGI-WO NOt —TerteeKoT— "REQUESTER? HR580 FELTON MARY ~~ “0007P eo TUST eT 186 AT OT

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“ORTGING A DUR? PURPUS E: FOS PRTY= R _UTPT?0300 FNUS SPELLS MASKS MAT ——

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"MENTIONED IN CONNECTION WITH L6TH NATIONAL CON-
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Cote oe __SECRET 8,

FRO” . + On kates ; BADGE NO.
FELTON MARY HR-580
DDO/PIC 104127

pean EXT. 1644 TUBE HT1

THIS REQUEST REFERS TO
(Doc. Ref.)

eae SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS (TO IP/IN)

SPELLING VARIATIONS JO BE SEARCHED

AKA, ALIASES

(F KNOWN

201 NO.

201-

OTHER IDENTIFYING DATA (Occupation, CP membership,
affiliations, ete.)

fissnacin UE Dp. King,

DATE OF BIRTH (2) PLACE OF B81RTH CITIZENSHIP

RESULTS OF IP/ INDEX SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS FOR REQUESTERS

THERE ARE OTHER INDICES THAT YOU SHOULD CONSIDER.
SEE REVERSE SIDE FOR CHECKLIST OF OTHER INDICES AND
201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS.

NO RECORDS IDENTIFIABLE WITH SUBJECT

SURNAME NOT FOUND IN FILES

Wy

THERE ARE RECORDS OF WHICH
ARE FNU'S WHICH MAY PERTAIN TO THE SUBJECT OF
THIS SEARCH; THESE MAY BE REVIEWED IN IP/IN.

1B4003.

we

REQUEST NO./DATE/TIME

1. REVIEW INDEX RECORDS.

2. DRAW GREEN DIAGONAL LINE ACROSS ITEMS YOU DO
NOT WANT.

3. FORWARD TO IP/FILES.

EX RECORDS ATTACHED

AFTER RECE!PT OF THE DOCUMENTS
ACCORDING TO DOI 70-19,
f- TO DESTROY INDEX RECORD: MARK THE INDEX RECORD WITH
A GREEN D, AND CITE THE REASON.
2. TO MAKE CORRECTIONS/ADDITIONS: ENTER THE CHANGES ON
THE INDEX RECORD IN GREEN INK.
+ FORWARD TO 1P/RMS VIA YOUR RECORDS OFFICER

« EDIT THE INDEX RECORD

201 CONSOLIDATION
INSTRUCTIONS ON REVERSE
SIDE.

1976 JUL 28 PH 3:22 261224

FO -2, IMPDET CL. BY: 007622 (4-8-38)
arya 962 eet tons oY SECRET fa ,


13-00000

a

- 8, - SECRET ”

. o

201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS (See DO! 70-20)

1. [F SUBJECT HAS A 201 FILE, SEND THIS FORM TO IP/RMS WITH THE INDEX RECORDS
MARKED IN GREEN TO REFLECT THE CONSOLIDATION ACTION TAKEN. (Documents
should then be placed in the 201, by the Researcher).

2. WHEN SUBJECT HAS NO 201 FILE, BUT MEETS THE REQUIREMENT FOR OPENING A 201
FILE, SEND THIS FORM TO IP/RMS WITH:

A. A COMPLETED FORM 831.

B. ALL PERTINENT DOCUMENTS, EXTRACTS, AND PROPERLY EDITED RECORDS FOR
CONSOLIDATION OF THE FILE BY IP/RMS.

SIGNATURE OF RECORDS OFFICER . : DATE

CHECKLIST OF OTHER INDICES: REQUESTER SHOULD ALSO CONSIDER TRACING THE FOLLOWING SOURCES WHICH ARE NOT
SEARCHED BY IP/INDEX (SEE NAME TRACE HANDBOOK).

‘DATE
SOURCE REQUESTED
[cis uiprany

DATE
| ss foomestic COLLECTION DIVISION

QO AREA DESKS
P/ARCHIVES

OMINT NAME CHECK

6B BIOGRAPHICS BRANCH

RAVEL PROGRAMS
AME OF BEARER FILE/OTS
(A APPLICANTS FILE/OFFICE OF PERSONNEL

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE fo
DEFENSE CENTRAL INDEX |

PECIAL ACTIVITIES GROUP-SS/IL (WFTU)

CENTRAL REGISTRY - EUROPE

OVER AND COMMERCIAL STAFF

2PERA- | RESERVE OFFICERS FILE
STAFF INTERAGENCY SOURCE REG. Jiens ——CSY
1 OPERATIONS: CAPTURED GERMAN DOCUMENTS

DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY =

H SUBVERSIVES PROGRAM

EMARKS

ACE LHS .

SECRET

DATE DATE. J —---
RECEIVED SOURCE REQUESTED] RECEIVED

13-00000

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13-00000

SECRET |
(When Filled In) a0

Py ras

DOCUMENT SERVICE REQUEST

DATE OF REQUEST °

H PHONE NO.'¢ .

a _.INSTRUCTIONS ae
(\ d ‘Use this. form: to request files and/or docun en ts:
AY from IP/FILES. (Not

. to be used.in Lieu of' .
362.) IS :
“2. Include badge number and tube station in. "FROM":
| block if gummed -1ab ; ee

IP/FILES—

REQUESTER:

. has not been issued.

a “charge: - °  . Loe
IP/EALES : ms

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source of reference:

PSUBJECT .( mus

use" PREVIOUS
EDITIONS

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3-76


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~]__[OmeCT RePtY | Jonerane Remy |
DISPATCH || RECOMMENDATION _|
[RETURN |

| | PME RETR
| firormarion | | stanature

“costs to IPS, Note we can
Y the actual search time for

\

sites to P. Cochran about. this on

One , but I'd like to get it in
Thanks)

FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER

1976!

13-00000

FOIA REQUEST “MANAGEMENT INFORMAT ION

<4 7
: <—
TITLE OF DOCUMENT(S) AND/OR SUBJECT

. FR76-382
WEISBERG request on Martin LUther King and James Earl Ray a

SEARCH COST (To be CLASSIFICATION REVIEW COST (io. ‘bes.

ee
po
|

TOTAL COST _ TOTAL COST

DO NOT DETACH THIS SLIP CHIEF, INFORMATION REVIEW STAFF
RETURN TO > 7 C 28 Headquarters .

FORM OBSOLETE PREVIOUS , ‘
1075 3533 2oi sions . (13-47)


13-00000


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SENDER WILL CHECK CLASSIFICATION TOP AND BOTTOM

[—[ conrmenriat || ssenei |
- OFFICIAL ROUTING. SLIP

”: | NAME AND ADORESS - [eat] INITIALS

DIRECT REPLY |- | PREPARE REPLY
DISPATCH |__| RECOMMENDATION
|

INFORMATION «~~

- If you've. no: objection, - would .
like to-pry. cout, some. sort: of |

FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENOER
fiom: nase sporess ave pene wo, _[_eate

A: F. Addona. -C

| ]- UNCLASSIFIED | | CONFIDENTIAL im SECRET’ |

(40) .

Fon » 237 Use previous editions


13-00000

Cancussi OBER

‘Charles A. Briggs. -
‘Chief, Services Staff

TO: (Officer designotion,. room number;: and: !+
building) a _— an

COMMENTS (Number. each comment: to. thow fromwhom :
Draw-e line across column. after each comment) .

seer, O10 “Sfomonz’® [7] SECRET = CONFIDENTIAL - INTERNAL A UNCLASSIFIED.

13-00000 -
-[)-UNCAASSIFIED.

Este] SECRET


00000

13


13-00000

_ Opinion regarding what, if any, privacy rights the family :

_ Administrative - ternal Use Only _

15 July 1976

. MEMORANDUM FOR: Office of General Counsel :

ATTENTION : + €/FOIA/PA

SUBJECT > Request For Opinion--FOIA (b) (6) &
- Privacy Act

REFERENCE : FOIA Request 76- 382, copy attached .

1. Mr. Weisberg has requested under the FOIA
information on:

a. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
b. Earl Ray

c. Other individuals involved with the
assassination of Dr. King.

2. To ensure consistency in. making determinations
for release under both the FOIA exemptions (b) (6) and
the Privacy Act, of requests such as Mr. Weisberg's, ;
would you please state the current legal criteria to...
apply to these type cases. Specifically, it would be ™
helpful to the DDO to have a clearly enunciated legal

of a deceased individual might have vis-a-vis the deceased" a
individual. Further, what, if any, privacy rights does |
a convicted felon have. 0 SEER

; 3. We are aware that each case must be judged on
its own facts. Hence, we would be grateful for your

opinion regarding the criteria to apply to Mr. Weisberg's
“request. However, a general rule applicable to the type
of request also would be very useful, would expedite the

processing of such requests, and would apply some consistency
in the decision-making process. _

Charles A. Briggs
Chief, Services Staff

Attachment: Reference .

cc: Paul Haefner, OPS/ITG

ag tt
Agministralive - Internal se Only


Chief, tir ¥rorism Group’
. : Pperatitons Staff

WL 5 ebbe OCI,

FS bs . . ; : : | . f _

Tdemeoet eu AILS.

CONFIDENTIAL


13-00000

[1] UNCLASSIFIED) =] {TERNAL [1 CONFIDENTIAL [1 SECRET

PRIORITY H HANDLING | FOIA REQUEST

SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER
HAROLD WEISBERG FOR MARTIN LUGHTER KING AND JAMES

EXTENSION DATE SENT
SUSPENSE DATE

OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
INITIALS fo whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)

These are the documents
on.Ray only. Please
review them and let me
know if there are any
changes you want made
on them. ;

OGC is currently

reviewing them and writing
the affadavit. Court

date is 22 May.

We will have to incorporate
mM your changes into the
affadavit.

-Helen 18 3125 Thanks
Helen X1313

RETURN TO:

on 3 3749 Co) secret O CONFIDENTIAL "oy era (UNCLASSIFIED

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

27 JUL 1976

MEMORANDUM FOR: Privacy and Information Officer, DDO

SUBJECT: Weisberg Request (James Earl Ray)
Part II
REFERENCE: 76-F-382

1. This office maintains a two volume 201 file
(201-832732) on the Subject. These files and other
records in this office revealed the following:

a. The following overt items are releasable to
the requestor. There are no exemptions. Life, dated
3 May 1968; New York Times, dated 26.April 1968;
Washington Star, dated 8 May 1968; Washington Star,
dated Z& April 1968; Ray's Odd Odyssey, undated;

UPI, datet&.17 May 1968; Reuters, Lisbon, dated 9
June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 9 June 1968;

Star, dated 2 Ju 1968; Washington Post, dated 28
June 1968; Reuters} London, dated 27 June 1968;
Reuters, London, dated. 27 June 1968; Reuters, London,

27 June 1968; Associat Press, London, dated 27 —
June 1968; Reuters, Londen, dated 27 June 1968;

Associated Press, London, “dated 27 June 1968;
Associated Press, London, dated 27 June 1968; United
Press International (UPI-16),\dated 27 June 1968; ©
London, dated 27-June 1968; London, dated 27 June
1968; Associated Press, dated 27 lune 1968; Reuters,
London, undated; Reuters, London, dated, UPI-16,
dated 27 June 4968; Associated Press\\Memphis,

dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press, shington,
dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press, dated 27

June 1968; Ramparts, 29 June 1968; Reuters\_ London,
dated 27 June 1968; Reuters, London, undated, Reuters,
Memphis, 27 June 1968; The Washington Post, dated

28 June 1968; Washington Post Foreign service, dated
8 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968;
Washington Post, 28 June 1968; Reuters, London,

COB OEN LT TIAL EA IMPDET CL eVUILZ....


13-00000

June 1968; Washi

1968; Washington. Star)

CONTIENTIAL

dated 18 June 1968; Associated Press, dated 17 June
1968; Reuters, London, dated 21 June 1968; Reuters,
Lokdon, undated; Reuters, London, dated 28 June 1968;
Reuters, undated; Reuters, Washington, dated 8 June
Reuters, London, dated 8 June 1968; Reuters,
undated; The Washington Post, 9 June 1968; Northern
Virginia Sun, dated 18 April 1968; Northern Virginia
Sun, dated 17 April 1968; The Washington Post, dated
8 April 1968; Northern Virginia Sun, dated 16 "april
1968; St. Louis Missouri, Post- -Dispatch, dated 5

ps

London, date
Associated Pre

27 June 1968; London, dated 27 June 1968;
SS, ‘London, undated; London, dated 27
ngton Star, 27 June 1968; New York
1968; New York Times, dated. 18 April
imes, dated 19 April 1968; New York

il 1968; Washington Post, dated

eles Free Press, dated i9 April

26 April 1968; Northern :

isees” 18 April

5. ei 1968; Los Ang

Virginia Sun, dated 25 April 1968; Washington Post,
dated 27 April 1968; Washington Post, dated 4 July
1968; Washington Star, dated 30 December 1969;
Reuters, dated 9 June 1968;\Reuters, London, dated
9 June 1968; EX-3438, dated L969; The Strange Case
of James Earl Ray; dated 1969 London, undated;
Associated Press, London, dated 10 June 1968;

' .London, dated 10 June 1968; Londen, dated 10 June

1968; UPI-7, London, 10 June 1968; Associated .
Press, London, dated 10 June 1968\ London, dated
10.June 1968; London, dated 10 Juné 1968; Reuters,
n,; undated;

Reuters, Washington, dated 10 June 196
10 June 1968; London, dated 10 June 1988; Reuters,
London, 10 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 10.

June 1968; London, dated 11 June 1968; Reuters, 1 dy
London, undated; JMoscow, (Gevorgyan Repo ), dated; Abs
22 November 1968; Moscow Trud (Gevorgyan port). PD Je

1968; Washington Post, 8 May 1968; Washington
dated 2 July 1968; Reuters, London, dated 11 Yune

1968; Associated. Press, dated 10 June 1968; Reuters,
London, dated 10 June 1968; Associated Press, kK

2

“COR ENTIAL

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

dated 10 June 1968; Associated Press, Toronto, dated

10 June 1968; Associated Press, London, undated;- London,

dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press, London, dated
0 June 1968; UPI-33, London, undated; Associated Press,

London, dated 18 June 1968; UPI-26, London, dated 17

Jurte 1968; UPI-13, dated 18 June 1968; London, dated

18 e 1968; UPI-30, London, dated 14 June 1968;

Londo dated 13 June 1968; London, dated 6 July 1968;

Reuters, London, dated.5 July 1968; Washington Examiner,

dated 26427, April 1968; Associated Press, dated 8 July

1968; Reu rs, London,. dated 3 July 1968; Reuters,

London, dat 3 July 1968; London, dated 5 July 1968;

Washington. Post, dated 30 December 1969; Los Vegas

Sun, 10 May 1968; Associated Press, London,. 18 June
1968; Associated Bress, London, 18. June 1968; Associated
Press, London, undated; Reuters, London, 18 June 1968;
Associated Press, Tordgto,.13 June 1968; London, UPI-20,
dated 13 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 12 June 1968;
Associated Press, London\18 June 1968; London, dated

13.. June. .1968;.Associated::Phress,,: London, datedi.12: June.
1968;.Associated Press, Lon » dated 12 June 1968;
UPI-58, Lisbon, dated 12 June ‘1968; UPI-39, London,
dated 12 June 1968; Associated Press, London, dated
20 June 1968; Associated Press, London, dated 13 June
1968; Associated Press, London, dat 13 June 1968;
Reuters, London, undated; Reuters, Loydon, dated 13

Associated Press, Washington, 11 June 1968; UPK126,
Washington, 11 June 1968; UPI-54, Nashville, dated

11 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 8 June 1968;
Reuters, London, dated 20 June 1968; Reuters, undated;
Associated Press, London, dated 20 June 1968; UPI-61,
17 July 1968.

b. The following overt items make mention of the
Subject but are not attached. e cannot be reproduced
and others are not available in this office. The Ottawa
Citizen, dated 10 June 1968; The Otbawa Journal, dated
10 June 1968; The Gazette, dated 10 e 1968; Montreal
Gazette, dated 11 June 1968; The Washington Post,

CONFIDENTIAL

13-00000

~ CONFIDENTIAL

. dated 9 June 1968; The Washington Star, dated 9 June
1968; Washington Post, dated 17 November 1968; Washington
ost, dated 20 April 1968; Washington Star, dated 28
il 1968; Time, 21 June 1968; Washington Post, dated
y 1968; Washington Star, dated 18 April 1968;
ton Star, dated 10 June 1968; Washington Star,
April 1968; Washington Post, dated 6 May 1968;
Press, Toronto, 10 June 1968; Associated
Press, Londgn, dated 10 June 1968; Washington Star,
dated 14 Apr 1968; Washington Star, dated 24 April
1968; Washington Post, dated 11 June 1968; New York
Times, dated 18 November 1968; Time, dated 13 September
1968; The Militant;dated 6 December 1968; Washington
Star, dated 13 June 68; Washington Post, dated 28
June 1968; Washington ar, dated 8 April 1969; Washington
Post, dated 3 July 1968;\Washington Post, 12 November
1968; Washington Star, dated 24 March 1969; Washington
Star, dated 9 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 12 April .
_ 1969; Washington Star, dated\17 March 1969; Washington
Post, dated 9 January 1970; Washington Star, dated 12
April 1968; Washington Post, dated 16 April 1968;.
Washington Post, 26 January 1969;\Washington Post,
dated 19 September 1968; Washingtoh Star, 23 April
1968; Washington Post, dated 11 Novéwber 1968; Washington
Post, dated 13 November 1968; Washington Post, dated
_12 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 1
Washington Star, dated 11 June 1968; Washington Star,
dated 19 April 1968; Associated Press, Lon 27 June
1968; Washington Star, dated 14 April 1968;
dated 26 July 1968; Washington Post, dated 18
1969; Washington Star, dated 20 January. 1968; Washington
Star, dated 25 January 1969; Washington Star, dated
2 Aprile 1969; Washington Post, dated 1 April 1969; 3
Washington Post, dated 30 May 1969. “9 > @ p\
34 -Dih GOVRd, Ld AH Be bly 3, Mart S\ER5 Lo yb p i
c. The following agency documents are considered
releasable to the requestor in segregated form under
the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act.
Excised portions are exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
Cables: Director-92664, dated 18 April 1968; Director-
93163, dated 19 April 1968; Sao Paulo-8372 (IN-94694),
dated 19 April 1968; Director-93162, dated 19 April

,

}

4

CONFIDENTIAL


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0

'
i
i
!

CONFIDENTIAL

1968; Director-93261, dated 20 April 1968; Director-
93260, dated 20 April 1968; Tokyo-9660 (IN-94797),
dated 20 April 1968; Director-93236, dated 20 April |
1968;. Director-93538, dated 22 April 1968; Bogota— W¥
0707 (IN-95%3), dated 22 April 1968; -Diréctor-93603,7
dated 23 April 1968; La Paz-4254 (IN-96327), dated
23 April 1968; Guatemala City-8934 (IN-99192), dated
26 April. 1968. Dispatches: ONHA-3982, dated 22 April
1968; HMMW-16358, dated 22 April 1968. Memoranda:
Official Routing Slip, dated 22 October 1975; Official
Routing Slip, dated 23 October 1975; Memoranda, dated
23 April 1968.

2. The following agency documents are exempt from

release. Exemptions are as cited:

(a) Bogota-0703 (IN-95025), dated 20 April 1968,
this cable concerns an American National with a striking
resemblance to Eric Starvo Galt; exempt under (b) (3) (a)
and (b)}(6). . ;

(b) Bangkok-9432 (IN-00056), dated 29 April 1968;
Airforce Intelligence advised that a person formerly in
Bangkok knew James Earl Ray; exempt under (b) (3) (a).

-“"(c) Rome-5861, dated 3 May 1968; concerns a
James Ray, DPOB 8 March 1928, information provided by
Siena police to (DEPARK/DEGOTIST); exempt under
(b) (1) (5) B(1).

(d) - Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968; Subject:
Gerald Lee Richards; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).

(e) Memorandum, dated 1 May 1968 is a request
for preparation of a transmittal to the FBI that deals
with King Assassination; exempt under (b) (3) (a).

(£) Memorandum, dated 14 May 1968; Subject:
Assassination of Martin Luther King. Subject in this

- memorandum is a James Ray, born 8 March 1928 in Los
' Angeles. (CSCI-316/01763-68); the information was

provided by an Italian intelligence service; exempt
under (b).(1)5B(1).

5

CONFIDENTIAL

aA

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CONFIDENTIAL

i

|

i

| gt (g) Memorandum, dated 16 May 1968; Subject:

i ~— Investigation in Japan of Report of Suspicious Action

31S of Another Subject who was Originally Described as
nF Resembling Suspected Assassin; contains information
__t provided. by the Japanese National Police Agency; exempt

Frous 30 fio, under (b) (3) (a), (b).(6)» and (b) (1) 5B(1). py

Mare (h) Mosofandum. for the Record, dated T$ Apri v
mee Te 1968; Subject: Unknown Subject, possibly identifiable os
efs | f with Eric Starvo Galt; the information was based on 364 (2-5
OS clandestine photography of the Cuban embassy in Mexico
Cit xempt under b) (5) (a) (b) (6) and (b) (1) (5) B(1).
Warne (VERGE ROEM, ¥ say Le bl, w2, Pa bot C S pass - De dD)
B14 5, he follows. documents concern the Same Earl
Ray case but do not mention the Subject by name. All are
43" exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).

. aw (a) Hight biographic sketches on individuals
Bv(- oF thought to be associated with the Ray case.

(b) Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968; Subject:
2% Gerald Lee Richards.

(c) The Hague-4137 (IN-94424), dated 19 April
1968; station and liaison traces provided no evidence
ZTqTo that Subject had ever been in the Netherlands; exemptions
(b) (1) 5B(1) also applies.

(d) La Paz-4228 (IN-94482), dated 19 April 1968;
oe ZA) La Paz morning papers carried photos of FBI Wanted
; Posters.

(e) Caracas-9414 (IN-94487), dated 19 April 1968;
37'% requests photo be pouched. \

(£) San Jose-0157 (IN-94496), dated 19 April 1968;
39 4 ‘requests photo be pouched.

(g) Director-93306, dated 19 April 1968; states
¢‘} .that two copies of photo sent 19 April.’
3

(h) Director-92897, dated 19 April 1968; states
—_ 3 25 two copies of photos sent.

3 _ (i) Director-92895, dated 19 April 1968; states
—— DT two copies of photos sent.

CONFIDENTIAL

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ey

CONFIDENTIAL

7 (j) Director-93264, dated 20 April. 1968; concerns
A! one Edwin Mason. .

(k) Panama City-6150 (IN-95853), dated 22 April
294 1968; concerns the detention of two Americans who were
suspect.

(1) San Jose-0162 .(IN-95902), dated 23 April
3X4 1968; queries fail to reveal any knowledge of Wolman or
Hubbard (subjects of Panama City-6150, above).

(m) Panama City-6180 (IN-97560), dated 24 April
1968; concerns a Roderick Claflin Brown, Panamanian
dod National, who voluntarily signed a deposition that
when his ship docked in Mobile Ala. in October 1962
he was approached with a job offer that might have had
something to do with Dr. King. AMBIAn

(n) Panama City-6193 (IN-98420), dated 25 April
or r 1968, concerns material -being pouched to the Station
(ie the deposition of R. Brown cited above).

(0) Director-94343, dated 25 April 1968; Station
Ljo2sent a request to pouch copy of deposition and letter.

(Pp) HZPT-10075, dated 26 April 1968; transmits
uU03 a copy of deposition material as requested.

(q) _Lagos-9878, dated 28 April 1968; requests
that the Embassy inquire of Wilder. Company concerning

Ljo" one J. B. Musgrave.

(r) Lagos-9888 (IN-00793), dated 30 April 1968;
reveals subject of Addis Ababa- 2200 is not the man we

U os seek.

(s) Director-95641, dated 30 April 1968; is a
Upobrequest that future traffic be sent in Air Force Channels.

, (t) Memorandum, dated 2 May 1968; concerns a
Roderick Claflin Brown, a Panamanian | National; forwarded

<3 to the FBI Brown's deposition. pass

7
CONFIDENTIAL

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

(u) Memorandum to the FBI, dated 6 May 1968;
Y Subject: Joe Bailey Musgrave.
Yo 3

(v) Memorandum to the FBI, dated 13.May 1968;
of Subject: Joe.Bailey Musgrave; forwarded passport
G photos of Musgrave.

() Frankfurt-5732 (IN-18095), dated 24 May 1968;
Co records of the Federal: Criminal Police provided a negative
(“ reply (re Galt); exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1).

4. Seven FBI reports which mention the Subject and/or
his activities; excluded under 1900.3(g)(4). See Attachment I.

a. Undated Memo, sanitized for release if the
<| ({ FBI concurs; exemptions (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).

b. Cactus-001, dated 22 January 1973; concerns
CjvProposed hijacking of an unidentified aircraft.

_c. Photos of Eric Starvo Galt, aka Harvey
\}/% Lawmyer and John Willard.

Yi4 d. Photo of an unidentified individual.
4s e. Photo of an unidentified individual.
Q/b £. FBI Wanted Poster - FBI No, 405 9426.

‘Ji7.g. FBI Wanted Poster - FBI No. 405 9426,
Id ntification order 4132, 20 April 1968. —

He 5. Department of State telegram, Ottawa-1813, dated
8 June 1968. Reports of.the apprehension in London of. James
Earl Ray. Excluded under 1900. 3(g) (4). See Attachment IT.

r): 6. AB Memo, number 9605, dated 24 April 1968 which
forwarded information on the Subject is attached for your
contact with C/TSD/AB/PDS ‘concerning. the releasibility of
this information. See Attachment III. .

a CONFIDENTIAL

13-0000

Oo.

j
4

CONFIDENTIAL

6. The cited documents are available in this office
if needed.

J R oF .
Chief, Inte Q srrorism Group
O taff

Attachment: a/s

CONFIDENTIAL

13-00000

co

—

req

ONFD NTIAL

27 JUL 1876 be

MEMORANDUM FOR: Privacy and Information Officer, DDO

SUBJECT: Weisberg Request (James Hari Ray)
- Part Ii
REFERENCE : 16-F-382_

1. This. office maintains a two volume 201 file
(201-832732) on the Subject. These files and other
records in this office revealed the following:

a. The following overt items are releasable to
the requestor. There are no exemptions. | Life, dated
3 May 1968;2New York Times, dated 26 April 1968;

sWashington Star, dated 8 May 1968;4 Washington Star,
28 April 1968;SRay's Odd Odyssey, undated;
6 ated 17 May 1968;1Reuters, Lisbon, dated §
June 1968;$Reuters, London, dated 9 June 1968;
FWReuters, London, undated;/0Reuters, Lisbon, 9 June
1968;\'Los Vegas Sun, dated 3 June 1968;!2The Bvening
Star, dated Z July 1968;i:Washington Post, dated 28
June 1968;4Reuters}? London, dated 27 June 1968;
/*Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968;/bReuters, London,
27 June 1968;)lAssociated Press, London, dated 27 0°
June 1968;\@Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968;
MAssociated Press, London, dated 27 June 1968;
2°Associated Press, London, dated 27 June 1968;2/United
Press International (UPI-16)}, dated 27 June 1968;
2a4London, dated 27 June 1968;%London, dated 27 June
1968 ;HAssociated Press, dated 27 June 1968;%Reuters,
London, undatedyReuters, London, undatedj»UPI-16,
dated 27 June 1968;*Associated Press, Memphis ,
dated 27. June 1968;4Associated Press, Washington,
dated 27 June 1968 Associated Press,. dated 27
June 1968;3\Ramparts, 29 June 1968 ;2Reuters, London,
dated 27 June 1968;33Reuters, London, undated;#Reuters,
Memphis, 27 June 1968;The Washington Post, dated
28 June 1968;3}Washington Post Foreign. service, dated
8 June 1968:7)Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968;
asWashington Post, 28 June 1968;31Reuters, London,

egeZimenet eL ohh der

CONS wl TIAL


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* CONFIDENTIAL

af

dated 18 June 1968;Associated Press, dated 17 June
-1968;“4Reuters, London, dated 21 June 1968 ;“Reuters,
London, undated;UReuters, London, dated 28 June 1968;
“Reuters, undated;¥Reuters, Washington, dated 8 June
1968;“Reuters, London, dated 8 June 1968;/Reuters,
undated ;@The Washington Post, 9 June 1968;9Northern
Virginia Sun, dated 18 April 1968 s0Northern Virginie
Sun, dated 17 April 1968;s'The Washington Post, dated
8 Aprii 1968;SaNorthern Virginia Sun, dated 16 April
1968 ;s38t. Louis Missouri, Post-Dispatch, dated 5
April 1968;%Chicago Illinois News, dated 8 April 1968;
‘SLondon, dated 27 June 1968;stLondon, dated 27 June 1968;
s7Associated Press, London, undated;stLondon, dated 27
Juhe 1968;SiWashington Star, 27 June 1968;tNew York
Times, 18 April 1968;clNew York Times, dated 18 April .
1968 ;e4New York Times, dated 19 April 1968;4New York
Times, dated 23 April 1968 /Washington Post, dated
5 July 1968,5Los Angeles Free Press, dated 19 April
1968 ;4Washington Star, 26 April 1968})Northern
Virginia Sun, dated 25 April 1968;“Washington Post,
dated 27 April 1968 !Washington Post, dated 4 July
.19683 Washington Star, dated 30 December 1969;
7(Reuters, dated 9 June 1968;74Reuters, London, dated
9 June 1968;BEX-3438, dated 1969;The Strange Case
of James Earl Ray;dated 1969;*London, undated;
77Associated Press, London, dated 10 June 1968;
WLondon, dated 10 June 1968;71London, dated 10 June
1968 °UPI-7, London, 10 June 1968 ;%Associated
Press, London, dated 10 June 1968;@London, dated
10 June 19683London, dated 10 June 1968;Reuters,
_ London, 11 June 1968;Reuters, London, undated;
s-London, 11 June 1968:"’"Associated Press, London,
dated 11 June 1968;%London, dated 10 June 1968;
$1 Reuters, Washington, dated 10 June 1968;?London,
10 June 1968;7London, dated 10 June 1968 4Reuters,
London, 10 June 1968;%Reuters, London, dated 10
June 1968;%London, dated 11 June 1968;*Reuters,
London, undated ;*Moscew, (Gevorgyan Report), dated
22 November 1968;*lMoscow Trud (Gevorgyan Report)
dated 22 November 1968;“Evening Star, dated 9 May
1968:"Washington Post, 8 May 1968;!Washington Post,
dated 2 July 1968;*Reuters, London, dated 11 June
1968;Associated Press, dated 10 June 1968/*Reuters,
London, dated 10 June 1968;Associated Press, Toronto,

2

COMMIDENTIAL


13-00000

- > CONFIDENTIAL

. dated 10 June 1968/"associated Press, Toronto, dated
10 June 1968;Associated Press, London, undated “London,
dated 27 June 1968 ;@Associated Press, London, dated
30 June 1968 ;°UPI-33, London, undated ;#*Associated Press,
London, dated 18 June 1968;\UPI-26, London, dated 17 |
June 1968;PUPI-13, dated 18 June 1968;@London, dated
18 June 1968 WUPI-30, London, dated 14 June 1968;
ag London, dated 13 June 1968;"London, dated 6 July 1968;
a?7Reuters, London, dated 5 July 1968;'"Washington Examiner,
dated 26°27, April 1968;"%Associated Press, dated 8 July
1968;'Reuters, London, dated 3 July 1968/Reuters,
_ London, dated 3 July 1968;"tondon, dated 5 July 1968;
O23Washington Post, dated 30 December 1969;'4Los Vegas
Sun, 10 May 1968;"Asseciated Press, London, 18 June
1968;"Associated Press, London, 18 June 1968;'Associated
. Press, London, undated;"Reuters, London, 18 June 1968;
(24 Associated Press, Toronto, 13 June 1968/”London, UPI-20,
dated 13 June 19687#Reuters, London, dated 12 June 1968;
[bxAssocdiated Press, London, 18 June 1968;'M.ondon, dated
13 June 1968 ;FAssociated Press, London, dated 12 June
1968;'"Associated Press, London, dated 12 June 1968;
13. UPI-58, Lisbon, dated 12 June 1968:/UPI-39, London,
dated 12 Juno 1968;"Associated Press, London, dated
20 June 1968;/"Associated Press, London, dated 13 June
1968 Associated Press, London, dated 15 June 1968;
i4; Reuters, London, undated;*Reuters, London, dated 13
June 1968;\*tAssociated Press, London, dated 11 June 1968;
i4fUPI-9, London, dated 11 June 1968;Reuters, Nashville,
dated 11 June 1968;/#Associated Press, Toronto, dated
- 41 June 1968;“Reuters, Nashville, dated 11 June 1968;
14 Associated Press, Washington, 11 June 1968;UPI-126,
Washington, 11 June 1968 ;(UPI-54, Nashville, dated
11 June 19684'Reuters, London, dated 8 June 1968;
(50 Reuters, London, dated 20 June 1968 ;*Reuters, dated;
(syAssociated Press, London, dated 20 June 1968 ;"UPI-61,
17 July 1968. .

b. The following overt items make mention of the
Subject but are not attached. Some cannot be reproduced
and others are not available in this office. The Ottawa
Citizen, dated 10 June 1968; The Ottawa Journal, dated
10 June 1968; The Gazette, dated 10 June 1968; Montreal
Gazette, dated 11 June 1968; The Washington Post,

CONFIDENTIAL


13-00000

- CONFIDENTIAL

dated 9 June 1968; The Washington Star, dated 9 June
1968; Washington Post, dated 17 November 1968; Washington
Post, dated 20 April 1968; Washington Star, dated 28
April 1968; Time, 21 June 1968; Washington Post, dated
16 May 1968; Washington Star, dated 18 April 1968;
Washington Star, dated 10 June 1968; Washington Star,
dated 21 April 1968; Washington Post, dated 6 May 1968;
Associated Press, Toronto, 10 June 1968; Associated
Press, London, dated 10 June 1968; Washington Star,.
dated 14 April 1968; Washington Star, dated 24 April
1968; Washington Post, dated 11 June 1968; New York
Times, dated 18 November 1968; Time, dated 13 September |
1968; The Militant, dated 6 December 1968; Washington
Star, dated 13 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 28 .
June 1968; Washington Star, dated 8 April 1969; Washington
Post, dated- 3 July 1968; Washington Post, 12 November
1968; Washington Star, dated 24 March 1969; Washington
Star, dated 9 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 12 April
1969; Washington Star, dated 17 March 1969; Washington
Post,. dated 9 January 1970; Washington Star, dated 12
April 1968; Washington Post, dated 16 April 1968;
Washington Post, 26 January 1969; Washington Post,

dated 19 September 1968; Washington Star, 23 April

1968; Washington Post, dated i1 November 1968; Washington
Post, dated 13 November 1968; Washington Post, dated

12 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 14 June 1968;
Washington Star, dated 11 June 1968; Washington Star,
dated 19 April 1968; Associated Press, London, 27 June
1968; Washington Star, dated 14 April 1968; Time,

dated 26 July 1968; Washington Post, dated 18 January
1969; Washington Star, dated 20 January 1968; Washington
Star, dated 25 January 1969; Washington Star, dated

2 April 1969; Washington Post, dated 1 April 1969;
Washington Post, dated 30 May 1969.

c. The following agency documents are considered
releasable to the requestor in segregated form under
the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act,
Excised portions are exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
Cables: Director-92664, dated 18 April 1968; Director-
93163, dated 19 April 1968; Sao Paulo-8372 (IN-94694),
dated 19 April 1968; Director-93162, dated 19 April

4

SONS NTIAL


13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

1968; Director-93261, dated 20 April 1968; Director-
93260, dated 20 April 1968; Tokyo-9660 (IN-94797),
dated 20 April 1968; Director-93236, dated 20 April
1968; Direetor-93538, dated 22 April 1968; Bogota-
0707 (IN-955%8), dated 22 April 1968; Direetor-93603,

-dated 23 April 1968; La Paz~4254 Cr eeaeebs) dee

23 April 1968; Guatemala City-8934 (IN-99192), dated
26 April 1968. Dispatches: ONHA-3982, dated 22 April
1968; HMMW-16353, dated 22 April 1968. Memoranda:
Official Routing Slip, dated 22 October 1975; Official
Routing Slip, dated 23 October 1975; Memoranda, dated
23 April 1968.

2. The following agency documents are exempt from

release. Exemptions are as cited:

(a) Bogota~0703 (IN-95025), dated 20 April 1968;

this cable concerns an American National with a striking

resemblance to Eric Starvo Galt; exempt under (b) (3) (a)
and (b) (6). ,

(b) Bangkok-9432 (IN-00056), dated 29 April 1968;
Airforce Intelligence advised that a person formerly in
Bangkok knew James Earl Ray; exempt under (b) (3) (a).

(c) Rome-5861, dated 3 May 1968; concerns a
James Ray, DPOB 8 March 1928, information provided by
Siena police to (DEPARK/DEGOTIST); exempt under
(b) (1) (5) B(1).

(ad) Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968; Subject:
Gerald Lee Richards; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6).

- (e) Memorandum, dated 1 May 1968 is a request
for preparation of a transmittal to the FBI that deals
with King Assassination; exempt under (b) (3) (a).

(£) Memorandum, dated 14 May 1968; Subject:
Assassination of Martin Luther King. Subjeet in this
memorandum is a James Ray, born 8 March 1928 in Los
Angeles. (CSC1-316/01763-68); the information was
provided by an Italian intelligence service; exempt
under (b)(1)5B(1).

5

CONFIDENTIAL


13-00000

~ * CONFIDENTIAL

Memorandum, dated-16 May 1968; Subject:
Investigation in Japan of Report of Suspicious Action
of Another Subject who was Originally Described as
Resembling Suspected Assassin; contains information
provided by the Japanese National Police Agency; exempt
under (b)(3)(a), (b)(6), and (b)(1)5B(1). .

(h) Memorandum. for the Record, dated 19 April
1968; Subject: Unknown Subject, possibly identifiable
with Eric Starvo Galt; the information was based on
clandestine photography of the Cuban embassy in Mexico
City; exempt under (b)(3)(a);. (b) (6) and (b) (1) (5)B(1) «

3. the following documents concern the James Barl |
Ray case but do not mention the Subject by nane. Ali are
exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6).

(a) Bight biographic sketches on individusas
thought to be associated with the Ray case.

(b) Memorandun, dated 17 April 1968; Subject:
. Gerald Lee Richards.

(c) The Hague-4137 (IN-94424), dated 19 April

1968; station and liaison traces provided no evidence
that Subject had ever been in the Netherlands; exemptions
(b) (1)5B(1) also applies.

(d) La Paz-4228 (IN-94482 » dated 19 April 1968;
La Paz morning papers carried photos of FBI Wanted
Posters.

(e) Caracas-9414 (IN-94487), dated 19 April 1968;
requests photo be pouched.

(£) San Jose-0157 (1N-94496), dated 19 April 1968;
requests photo be pouched.

(g) Director-93306, dated 19 April 1968; states
that two copies of photo sent 19 April.

(h) Director-92897, dated 19 April 1968; states
two copies of photos sent.

(i) Director-92895, dated 19 April 1968; states.
two copies of photos sent.

6.
CONFIDENTIAL

13-00000

- > CONFIDENTIAL

(J) Director-93264, dated 20 April 1968; concerns
one Edwin Mason.

(k) Panama City-6150 (IN-95853), dated 22 April
1968; concerns the detention of two Americans who were

suspect.

(1 San Jose-0162 (IN-95902), dated 23 April
1968; queries fail to reveal any nowledge of Wolman or
Hubbard (subjects of Panama City-6150, above).

(m) Panama City-6180 (IN-97566), dated 24 April ~
1968; concerns a Roderick Claflin Brown, Panamanian
National, who voluntarily signed a deposition that
when his ship docked in Mobile Ala. in October 1962

-he was approached with a job offer that might have had

something to do with Dr. King.

(mn) Panama City-6193 (IN-98420), dated 25 April
1968, concerns material being pouched to the Station
(ie the deposition of R. Brown cited above).

(0) Director-94343, dated 25 April 1968; Station
sent a request to pouch copy of deposition and letter.

(p) HZPT-10075, dated 26 April 1968; transmits
a copy of deposition material as requested,

{(q) Lagos-9878, dated 28 April 1968; requests
that the Embassy inquire of Wilder Company concerning
one J. B. Musgrave.

(rt) Lagos-9888 (IN-00793), dated 30 April 1968;
reveals subject of Addis Ababa-2200 is not the man we
seek.

(s) Director-95641, dated 30 April 1968; is a
request: that future traffic be sent in Air Force Channels.

(t) Memorandum, dated 2 May 1968; concerns a

Roderick Claflin Brown, a Panamanian National; forwarded
to the PBI Brown's deposition.

7

CONFIDENTIAL


13-00000_ - >

‘~~ CONFIDENTIAL

(u) Memorandum to the FBI, dated 6 May 1968;
Subject: JJoe Bailey Musgrave...

- {(v) Memorandum to the FBI, dated 13. May 1968;
Subject: Joe Bailey Musgrave;. forwarded passport
photos of Musgrave.

(w) Frankfurt-5732 (IN-18095), dated 24 May 1968;
records of the Federal Criminal Police provided a negative
reply (re Galt); exempt under (b) (1) (5)B(1).

4. Seven FBI reports which mention the Subject and/or
his activities; excluded under 1900.3(g)(4). See Attachment I.

a. Undated Memo, sanitized for release if the
FBI concurs; exemptions (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).

b. Cactus-001, dated 22 January 1973; concerns
proposed hijacking of an unidentified aircraft.

¢. Photos of Eric Starvo Galt, aka Harvey
Lawmyer and John Willard.

d. Photo of an unidentified individual.
e. Photo of an unidentified individual.
f. FBI Wanted Poster - FBI No. 405 942G.

FBI Wanted Poster - FBI No. 405 942G,
Identification order 4132, 20 April 1968.

5. Department of State telegram, Ottawa-1813, dated
8 June 1968. Reports of the apprehension in London of James
Harl Ray. Excluded under 1900. 3(g) (4). See Attachment II.

6. AB Memo, number 9605, dated 24 April 1968 which
forwarded information on the Subject is attached for your
contact with C/TSD/AB/PDS concerning the releasibility of
this information. See Attachment III.

8

CO INFIDSNTIAL


13-00000

*

CONFIDENTIAL

6. .The cited documents are available in this office

if needed.

Attachment:

a/s .

John J, Reagan
John J. Reagan

Chief, International Terrorism Group
Operations Staff

CONFIDENTIAL


13-00000


13-00000 — ee

OGC 76-5403 ‘ Cited ar? y

Pe
4 October 1976 -

MEMORANDUM FOR  : Associate Deputy Director for Administration
Attn: Chief, Security Analysis Group, OS
Director of Personnel |

Associate Deputy Director for Science and Technology
Associate Deputy Director for Operations

. , Attn: ISS/IP/EIS
D/DCI/Intelligence Community
D/DCI/for National Intelligence Officers
Legislative Counsel
Inspector General
Executive Secretary

FROM : Richard H. Lansdale
Associate General Counsel

Rev. Martin Luther King, Ire

SUBJECT

"1, At the Attornéy General's direction, a task forée was established |.‘
in May 1976 by the Office of Professional Responsibility of the Justice’ .. 20 y’
_. Department to review the activities of the Federal Bureau of Investigation <a
in relation to the late Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., his assassination .- —
-and the Bureau's investigation of that murder. f
. wot.
2. Pursuant to the Attorney General's directive, Justice. ig éan-
vassing those investigative agencies of the Government which might have
been contacted by the FBI to secure or deliver information for intelli-
gence, for investigative assistance (before or after the assassination), ‘
or for any form of counterintelligence action in relation to Dr. King.

3. It is requested that a check be made of your records to

ees
determine the extent and nature of any contac y_ contacts with _CIA by the FBI
in regard to the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.

4,. DoJ has expressed some urgency in responding to their _
request, Therefore, please advise this Office of the results of your -
search at your earliest convenience, but no later ‘han close of business,
21 October 1976.

‘ _ Avcd ALA. Esans Ab—

One H. Lansdale


13-0000


13-00000

a ce eet ee cee cee tere eemtenee A get ele ete rena Seer en ayaa ate ca

- : te

26 APR 1977 7

Janes i, Lesar, Esa.
ttorney at Law

4251 ‘Fourth Street, 5,¥.

Washington, DC 20024

Rear Mr. Lesar:

LY

This is in partial response to your request, dated cca
June 1976, made on hehalf of your client, Hr. Harold Weisberg.
Please refer also to our letters, dated 21 June 1976, 36 —
Novenber 1976 and 13 January 1977. Per our recent telephone
conversation this partial response addresses itself to that.
part of your letter requesting records pertaining to. Janes

co Fark Ray. _

an : hee ote

The materials located thus £ ar have been reviewed
carefully, and our determinations are 2s follows: .
Enclosed, Tab A, are conies of the following items which
are being released to you in their entirety?

1. one book excerpt.
2-109. One hundred and eight (108) press itens.
110-134. Twe enty-five (£25) UPI wire itens. .
135-171. Thirty-seven (37) Reuters wire items. -
172-223, Fifty-two (52) AP wire items. _
Inelosed also, Tab B, are secregable portions of the
oO docunents listed below, Deletions in the originals were nade

under the cxemption provisions of the Freedom of Information
Act subsections which are given with each document cited. . —


13-00000

Pn nwo ete tg tt enn
©

| tenon ea i et eee ar nen Wepern iene neg

whe applicability of these

exerntions

te you in our earlier correspondence.

236-237.
| 238-239,

Three cables, dated

Rocunents

Ywo cables, dated 18 Anril 19838,

Cable, dated 19 April 1952.
19 April 1963..
Four cables, dated 29 April 1968.

Two cables, dated 22 April 1968.

wo dispatches, dated 22 April 1968,

Two cables, dated 23 April 2963.
Memorandum, dated 23 April 1968,

Cable, dated 26 April 1968.

Routing slip, dated 22 October 1975,

Routing slip, dated 23 Cctober 1975,

2O)),
(2),
(b

2 32°

cA ON
rye of

has been explained

ye
if
is)

i
io
K

~
e.
we

Fans Ym TE ae ante, San
fo)
Nad

i)

Sales Sas 9
bead

)£6)

fooler
(b} £6) |

cenntions

(b) (3)

(C3),
Om,
ou, |
Oo,
Os)
(3),

(0) (3),
G3):
Q)), -

(b) (3 an

The docurents Listed below are being withheld in their

entirety unmler the exemption provisions of the Freedom of

Informaton Act subsections riven with each cocunent.

244,

245.

246,

_Menorandnm, dated 19

Documents

“Menorandun, dated 17 April 1°68
April 1963,

Cable, dated 20 April 1°68.

Exemptions

(b} (1), (b)(3),
(p}(6)

(b) (6

CIE» OE,

(b} (1), (G3),

— 0b) 66)


13-00000

+ 94% “Cable, dated 29 April 1968, cey (4). (703),
, a _. (03 (53
2 | 248. Menorandun, dated 1 May 1963. ~ 7G), (2) (3)
249. Cable, dated 3 May 1968. €b3 (1), (2) (3),
po Soe 7 —_ (b) (6)
a 250. Hoenorandun, dated 14 May 1943. °° - (PCD), IOS),
oo. . , (b) (6) -
251. Memorandum, dated 16 May 1968. «= () (2), (HEB),
re rn 1 ae
252-254. Three cables, dated 2 June 1968. 4, OCD, OG)
258. Memorandum, dated 19 February 1969. (b) (1), (B)(2),
, ae _ SCE PCI)
256. Memorandun, dated 28 May 1969. (YE), 02),
ee } es nS Te FECT)
257-264. Eight biographic sketches. © = (b) (1), (b} (2),
nn cee | Re CIOMmOlOM
265. Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968. (BYE, (6039),
OS Cb} C6}. [
266-272. Seven Cables, dated 19 April 1968. s (b) (1), () (3),
SS - (b3 6)
273. Cable, dated 20 April 1968. (>) (1), (b) 03),
| oe | (b)(6))
274. Cable, dated 22 April 1983. ob 02), (6) 03),
ee tb) G6
275. Cable, dated 23 April 1963, Cb) 01), (363),
| a | ¢b) (6) |
276, Cable, dated 24 April 1958. HCD}, IG),
. (BR C8)
277-278, Two Cables, dated 25 April 1962. | Oy, (>) (3),
: - ; (EI CSP
279, Dispatch, dated 26 April 1968. (by (1), (bd E3),
; a ; (h) £6) |


13-00000

280. Cable, dated 28 Anril 1°68. M1), (203),
: | | (d) (6)
281-282, Two Cables, dated 32 April 1068. (PCI), (03),
(by (6)
283. Menorendum, dated 2 May 1942. (3 (1), (03),
. . (a3 (5)
284, Menorandun, dated § vay 1 888. (b) (1), (33),
BO -.€b) (8)
2a. ‘onovandum,. dated 13 May 1963. (01), Cb) (3),
- - . ; ao {b) (5) ,
286. Cable, dated 24 May 1963. a @)CD, © (3),.
oe a ot. (b) (6)

“The decisions cited above were wade by tir, Charles A.
tries 3s, DDO Information Reviow Officer. ; ae

As specified in the Freedos of Information Act, r an
advising you of your right to appeal the above decisions, but
it would seem to be more reasonabis to await the complete
fo do's of our processing before yeu actually determine whether
to do so. a _ —

a We thank you for your patience and consideration.

Sincerely,

oo Gere > F. Wilson ;
Information and Privacy Coordinator

Enclosures
-JPS/EK/cb/20 Apr 77
Orig. - Adse. -

te, - png :
-~ IPS Chreno
~ IPS F-76-382 w/ey Tab B
OLC - ,
OGC
Pub AgE/Motu

a or |

aero


13-00000 gy.

‘MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, Information and Privacy Stafé -

FROM

SUBJECT

27 April-1977 —

Charles A. Briggs
DDO Information Review Officer

: FBI ‘Referral re Harold Weisberg Request
on Martin Luther King, Jr, and James

Earl Ray

REFERENCES : A. Request No. F 76-382

The documents forwarded under Reference B have been
reviewed by the responsible DDO components and the following :

B. Referral, Dated 25 March 1977

C. ._Briggs' Memorandum to IPS dated.
.26 October 1976. .- _

determinations have been made:

a.

b.

One CIA originated document may be released
in sanitized form (Tab A).

' Five CIA originated documents are denied;

they are listed with appropriate exemptions

under Tab B.

Five FBI documents containing CIA information

Should be denied; they are listed fvith

appropriate exemptions under Tab’ C.

“Two FBI documents and one CIA document should

be referred to other CIA components for
determinations (see Tab D). .

co Charles, A. Briggs
arles A. Briggs

Attachments: a/s

‘cc: IPG/SCB
SA/C/LA MINI
gur/exo =—s—(tsté‘«sCO ED

AF/Plans

PIG


13-00000 b-

CIA: Onigerattd

|.

Velcon So pertized

DOCUMENT

_ NUMBER

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION ~

Other:

Date : im Ppa GX a

Memorandum, Dispatch .

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:
Date :

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Others: =":
Date :

Cable, .Memorandan; -

Other:.. =:

' Date ot

Cable, Memorandun,.

Other::.-.:

: Date rt

Cable,: Memorandum,
Other:
Date-:

Cable, Memorandum,
Other:
Date :

Cable, Memorandum,
Other:
Date :

Cable, Memorandum,
Other:
Date ;:

Dispatch... =".
Dispatch'::..

Dispatch *~

Dispatch

Dispatch

Dispatch

Co. Other:

~ Other:

A
‘\

TAB Ae i

CprcG is) yyy
pi Refemad, 2 25 Marv?

FOTA/EK Request No. 7h - 3 r2 .

EXEMPTIONS

GD. (b) (2); eos B)
GY) 0b, ce, 4, e, sp

Other:

 () 1), Gan, wen, (3) (6) :

(J) (1) (b, c, ds-e, £), Ck) (1)
Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2), Cb) BY.) (6)
(3) (1) (b,_ ¢ Cy d,. 3. £), 0k) (ya: a

Other:

() (1), (6) (2) 5: (3)! 0) (6):
(j)(D (b,. ¢, ds e,. £), Go) (D+

{b) (1), “() (2), b) (3), (b) (6)
(3) (1) (3 ce, d, ey £}, (ky(1))-:
Other:

(b) (1), (b)(2),° (bh) 63), 0b) (6)
(j) (1) (b,.c, d, e, £}, (k) C1)
Other: ;

(b)(1),. (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)
G)G)(b, c, ds e, £), CCD)
Other:

(b) (1), (b)(2), (b)(3), (b) (6)
(4) ()(b, c, d, e, £), (ke) (1)
Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)
(j) (1) (b, ec, d, e, £), (k}(1)


13-00000_ -

Mr. Tolson_:.
Mr. DeLoach..—

. al wy} Mr. Mobr_

v bal . Mr. Bishop
Tyee 14 Mr. Casper.
Ase. Mr. Callahan.
Mr. /

FM'DIRECTOR CIA:

Mr. Fe’
Mr. 4
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.

Mr. Trotter
Tele. Room_____
Miss Holmeg___
Miss Gandy.

RR ESV
DE ESC 659 1322137
ZNY SSSss |
R 111603Z APR 68

10 DIRECTOR FBI
aa
SECRET

CIA NBR 90520
SUBJECT: CLAUDE CHES
1. A SENSITIVE RELIABLED SOURCE IN MEXICO CITY REPORTED: THAT
SUBJECT, BORN 12 SEPT 1936 IN TEXAS, U.S. PASSPORT Z 155489,

Oe te erence
ARRIVED MEXICO CITY FROM HONDURAS, ON PAN AMERICAN FLIGHT ON
ee

. 8 APRIL. SOURCE NOTED SUBJECT HAD AMAZING Aa P3666). Bee

"PHOTOGRAPHS" OF ALLEGED ‘ASSASSIN OF DR._,MA N LUTHER KING, Re '
Qe ANOTHER SENSITIVE RELIABLE SOURCE IN mete CITY REPORTEBR is 1968 |
THAT MCLAREN DEPARTED MEXICO CITY FOR HOUSTON ON PANAM FLIGHT "rarer
EVENING 8 APRIL OCCUPYING SEAT NO. 41. SOURCE SAW PLANE

o08@
We re

. TY ny.

. ‘


13-00000

a

.

TAXI OFF WITH SUBJECT ABOARD. ACCORDING TO SOURCE, CAPTAIN
OF THE PANAM FLIGHT (WHO RETURNED TO MEXICO CITY AFTERNOON

9 APRIL) [REPORTEDLY SAID THAT SUBJECT ARRIVED IN HOUSTON,
3. THIS OFFICE HAS NO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SUBJECT.
an THE INFORMATION IN PARA ONE HAS BEEN MADE AVAILABLE TO YOUR -
BUREAU REPRESENTATIVE IN MEXICO CITY
GP-1

BT

NNN a ct fe
INT QSL PLS GA ,
EFH FBI REC NBR 59° ae
TOR 11/2195Z ‘KK > Tim CAA.

— RELEASE

CCL. 7M. foul) :


13-00000

» ; x wes 4 Mr. Tolson—
° a. . a Mr. DeLaach..

Ay - . . rr ae _ ane a - —— Mr. Mohr
y tee ene | : ‘> Mr. Bishap___|

Mr. Casper...

, i“ . ; pe STE yp |

Ass a : rr ee : atr. Callahan.
i o. o ease { .- _ Mr. Coniad....f
t aa { ie vias : Mr. Fe’ a
. ok 7L, My. Gf) 4.
tere fee ares a} ° Mr. 16

PEP Gb eh os Bir.

: Mr. 't’

Mr.“

: ; Tele. Room____.
+ . ; . Miss Holmeg___ |
. » ** . Miss Gandy____ f

|” RELEASE

R 111683Z APR 68 |.
“FM 'DIRECTOR CIA

_ TO oungpfon FBI
BI 4.
CIA NBR 995208
SUBJECT: Jeb
le

-, APRs SOURCE NOTED] SUBJECT HAD AMAZING RE NE BEL 3
. io 4 Df a
wp

"PHOTOGRAPHS" OF ALLEGED ASSASSIN OF DR pil N LUTHER KING, Jn, tenia
a ; bien ’

S 1968 |

FHAT-HELAREN DEPARTED fMEXTee—CLTY FOR HOUSTON ON PANAM FLIGHT 7 “=


13-00000 TEM Tn

pany REPORTEDLY SAID THAT SUBJECT. ARRIVED IN HOUSTON. .
° Se | THIS OFFICE HAS No ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ‘ON SUBJECT. _
| 4. THE INFORMATION IN PARA ONE HAS BEEN MADE AVAILABLE TO YOUR 7

UREAU REPRESENTATIVE c finexiee eng)

 GP-1

BT

ig CLA.
~ RELEASE

CC: 7, Fuid

13-00000

DOCUMENT

' NUMBER

PORE
a a Date”

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION

Cable, Memorandym; Dispatch
Other:
Date $ .

cable; Qgnorandam) Dispatch _

Other:

Date 3:_.

Joc.

Memorandum, Dispatch

Other: —
- Does Kee a= 4 Brrgoe [anes te OS
Cable, Canara Dispatch :--~
Other? 7? -

Date ‘3-7
Joc.

Jo “Bago Meus te (PS

Cable, Mémorandum, Dispatch -

Other: .::: __.

.Date-- Maske
Pec. GOZ of ow “heme he i RS

Cable, Memorandum} Dispatch

| (A .
te : _
le LoCo Bunge Came FoF

"* Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
Other:
Date :

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
Other:
Date :

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
Other:
Date °:

TAB |
pic GIs

FAL Replmrad, 25 Mon 77

FOTA/BS Request No Th 3&2 2

' EXEMPTIONS —
OM), LOY, (LD y (06 .
'()()-@7 c, d, e, 7 (Ck) (1 —
Sonex: _ a foe |

CYT, (6) (2), GSP, 096)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k} (1) _
Other: :

of aha Maus He (PS, Re OFT G | .

IID, (b)(2), GID, AIO
(GYC)(b, c, ds e, £), CC)
Other: . . ue

».(b).(2) 5 TCD;  (b) (6) - =

(j) (1) (bs “es. dy-es-£), (KCL). ::

_ Othefs: ~

(b) (1), (b) (2), (b} (3), (b} (6).
(3) C1), cy d, ey, f), Ck} (1) : - .
Other: - -

(bY (1), (b) (2) 5-0) (39, (BD (6)

e, £), (k)(1)}

(3) (1) (b, c¢, 4,
Other:

(b} (3), (b) (6) |
e, £), (k)(1)

(b)(1), (b}(2),
(j) (1) (b, c, d,
Other:

(b) (1), (b)(2),
(3) CQ) (b, c, d,
Other: —

(b) (3), (b) (6)
e, f, (k)(2)

(b) (1), (b)(2),
(j)(1) (b, c, d,
Other:

(b) (3), (b) (6)
e, f), (k) (1)


13-00000

ce ee

sy.pasa tose orang arciedll

ITT nee: le. “Your Bureau representative | in Mexico City ‘provided -
“oe our yepresentative. ‘with composite photographs of the suspected
. killer of Martin Luther King, Jr, and asked for a check against
“i. -awisitors to the Soviet and Cuban Embassies in Mexico ”, OLEY :
during the recent months. ..

ee ee ne eins tae
ee

Checks for persons ‘@ppearing~ to res emble the ‘composite “ ~ —
_.. .. photographs were negative at both Embassies. On 30 January oe

1968 an unidentified white male visited the Soviet Embassy but" =
the description did not fit either the composite photograph or ..
ce the description provided by your Bureau representative. ....
- However, our -representative passed copies of the photographs “
to your Bureau representative with the notation that he did not 2.0.
appear to be identical with the Bureau suspect. Our representa-— |
tive further stipulated that any use of the photographs in an
investigation should not reveal that the Photographs were made .
in Mexico or by this Office,

JO We ea |
an | | - | )
a Be _ REC usd 3 9g 56 / I A |

APR 2% 1968 - |
ae . |
eh it ae meemenne |

cae i me - hae Ar rT 5 eteded deen 2 dee

ves

&
ir
{
conta

13-00000

»
s

C14 supe dn FBI poccwmnsts? . | BES

Dow. ype AT k pv 77 -_ : ,
ESS Ares FBI Paforrad, Ss MOr77

FOIA/BA Request No. Lh. - BE a

DOCUMENT ‘DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION ; EXEMPTIONS
NUMBER . .
, W cabre, ‘Memorandum, Dispatch oD (b) (2), EB.
yy Other: - (4) (1) (b, Cc, d, e, #)s ’ (k) a
Date : Other: ; .

Cable, (femorandum} Dispatch 7 . GD. (b) (2), SD. P -
/ Other: eenorandyp) (i) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (7 : ~

e : 19 Bp bs Other:
354 af Bay’ Mao te (Ps) Db OO TE

oasd mn Yor.

cable, (enorandun Dispatch CO) ay, (b)(2), oD

. Other:_.27. _ . (j) (2) (by. on dy @5- *) > (k,
Ke “alee 93 Bp bs Other::
ie on Dol BT & Faye Mawr -fo (PSé
Cable, Dispatch.‘ = GED: 0)(2),: TD, TOD

f other! 2 (9) QD) Qb2 05.4, ey: > (k) G1).:

™ —s Date : é og
Cable, Menorandili) Dispatch 1» GD ©) (2), QB,

Other: -

4 Othertter: (4) C1) (b,c, dye £),, COUTG i:

— yr. OF : a

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch (b) (1); (b) (2), (b)(3),. Cb) (6) _

Other: (j)(1) (b, c,.d, e, £), (k)(1)
Date 3 oo. Other: —
Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch (b)(1), (b) (2), (b) (3), (Cb) (6) 7
Other: Gc) (b, Cc, d, e, f), (k) (1)
Date : Other:
Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch (b)(1), (b)(2), Cb) (3) » (b) (6)

__ Other: (3) (1) (b, cy, d, e, f), (k) (1)
Date : Other: —
Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch “(b) (1), (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)

Other:_ (3) (1) (b, c, d, e, £), (k) C1)
Date ; Other: :


13-00000

Pa a
, £7 UNCLASSIFIED ff . CONFIDENTIAL /_7 seEcRET /_/ TOP SECRET
toad
poe _ INITIAL REVIEW FORM

FOLA/BH& Request No. 76-3 9o-

Document Description: g tl fed =e i Dated:
Document Located By : : oe
(Office Designation)

“ Document referred to DDO for review by: a B/

" RECOMMEND:

Release in full-text

. x Release in sanitized forn |

Deny in toto
Defer decision to

"a Coordination with LA] Dre prior to above denial/release

EXEMPTIONS ARE BEING CLAIMED TO PROTECT THE FOLLOWING:

FOIA. = —_. PRIVACY

() Classification (b) (1) (k) (1)
(”A Information from a foreign liaison service (b) (3) (3) (1) (b) Ce)
() Information pertaining to a foreign liaison (b) (3) (1) (1) (b) €c)

relationship ; ;
() ‘Information which would/could identify the (b) (3) - (4) (1) (b)
source oo. oo,
() Information pertaining to a source (b) (3) (4) C1) (b)
( ) Information pertaining to intelligence methods(b) (3) . (4) (1) (b)
( ) Location of CIA overseas installation (b) (3) . (4) (1) Cb) _
€ } Location of unacknowledged domestic (b) (3) (4) (1) (b) -

+ installation ; . ;

( ) Name of CIA employee (b) (3). (j) (1) Ce)
() File number (b) (2) . (5) (1) (b)
() Pseudonym ; (b) (3) ; - (4) (1) Ob)
() Cryptonym (b) (3) - (4) (1) (b)
() Internal organizational data _ Cb) (3) (4) CL) Ce)
( ) Name of an FBI agent (b) (7) (j) (1) (b)
() FBI file number ; (b) (2) (3) (1) (b)

Privacy of other individual (b) (6) (3) (1) (£)

Does not pertain to request N/A "Exempted portions

are not relevant
to the requester"
. Information from another Government agency (b) (1) (3) (1) (c)
* () Other, specify: -

* For further guidance regarding exemptions, please see DDA-75-5943, per <

16 December 1975 (Privacy Act) and HN-70-21, 14 February 1975 (FOIA). el

COMMENTS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: : ata
f ; Voki

; or C hss, Ak/ra Document No.
Reviewing’ Officer & Office ~ (To be completed by ISS/PICG)

Signature

‘ : E 2 IMPDET CL BY 012170

13-00000

a
aetna eo sane e

me coum ee a . .
-. . 7 . 7 a . .
* Oo
4/11/68
CODE
So 1 -~ Mr, Rosen.
. TELETYPE URGENT L=~ Mr. G. C. Moore
oo a : 1 — Mr, Griffith

; os ae 1 - ir. Atkinson _.
ee ro LEGAT SANTO DOMINGO. ee a). vi A. “TEI =TYPE |
|. FROM DIRECTOR FBI Sp. Ms Ae

BPA See
EN OIPHERED |

| ASSASSINATION OF HARTEN LUTHER KING, IR;

- REURTELS NUMBERS TWO AND FOUR DATED APRIL EIGHT EAST y N
‘PERTINENT DATA IN RETELS WAS INCORPORATED INTO Lu AND >
FURNISHED WHITE HOUSE, ATTORNEY GENERAL AND INTERESTED s
GOVERNHENT AGENCIES BY LETTER APRIL TEN INSTANT. | aN

_ IN VIEW OF NATURE AND ENORMITY OF ALLEGATEONS MADE BY — A

- HERNAN HENRIQUEZ LORA CONCERNING THIS HATTER» LEGAT HUST ENDEAVOR a
; ‘TO VERLFY OR DISPROVE SUCH ALLEGATIONS, , oe

PHOTOGRAPH OF ONE HERNAN HENRIQUEZ LORA, ALSO KNOWN AS ai

HERNAN HENRIQUEZ URENA LORA, BORN OCTOBER TWENTY FOUR, FIFTEEN, a
BY

AT SAN DIEGO, CUBA, OR SANTIAGO DE CUBA, CUBA, BEING FORWARDED

. SEPARATELY, a REG- 4 U4 “BEES ff pH 7 | y

BUREAU FILES REVEAL ABOVE INDIVIDUAL IS DOMINICAN CITEzEn
AS APR 12 1968

wetetamnes

SAR

Callohan ste a is : 1 / ;
4 Conrad

AG pe o~ Foreign Liaison Unit (route through for, es |!
Rosen |

Sltiven "J 105-168197 (H. Rap Brown) r ides

Tells 100446080 Ci Carmichael) . roa Wie a

loon SEPANG sae oednernan Wenriquez Lo cP ;

ond, —__ ™ . 7 3 oo, : vs
y _MAIL ROGH TeLerype uit Ly Pe “Rohe SEE NOTE PAGE TWO —

WHA: stem (ian (10) .

TELETYPE 0 LEGAT SANTO DOMINGO
RE: ASSASSINATION OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, mm,

, WILL BE FORWARDED BY AIRTEL,

, NOTE?

. ' Legat in retels reported Henriquez Lora had
volunteered a third party had over heard a conversation in.
Santo Domingo between two Dominican communists in, which

it was alleged that Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown
advocated the death of Hartin Luther King and King's
assassination ‘would benefit the cause of black viclence.

oa a eT NT
Let : : er.

Do 2 wl ST 8

, AVL
’ . . . 1440 rvs
Oc - COT

| ADDITIONAL, PERTINENT INFORMATION CONCERNING -mNnTQUEZ IORA

es

13-00000

yo we x. t

f7 UNCLASSIFIED // / _ CONFIDENTIAL /

- -

SECRET /__/ TOP SECRET

~

INITIAL REVIEW FORM

FOIA/PA Request No.

Document Description: Mon LO Dated: Y [ 24 16 3

1

Document Located By ; nd
(Office Designation)
Document referred to DDO for review by:

RECOMMEND:
Release in full-text
Release in sanitized form
. _~ Deny in toto . .
; ; Defer decision to ,
Coordination with . prior to above denial/release

EXEMPTIONS ARE BEING CLAIMED TO PROTECT THE FOLLOWING:

FOIA PRIVACY
(4) Classification (b) (1) (k) (1)
() Information from a foreign liaison service (b) (3) ; (4) (L) (b) Ce)
() Information pertaining to a foreign liaison (b) (3) (j) CLD (b) Ce)
relationship: :
mC) Information which would/could identify the (b) (3) (4) (1) Cb)
source
() Information pertaining to a source (b) (3) (3) (1) (b)
( ) Information pertaining to intelligence methods(b) (3) (4) (1) (b)
(4) Location of CIA overseas installation (b) (3) (§) (1) (b)
(). Location of unacknowledged domestic (b) (3) (j) (1) (b)
‘ installation .
(©) Name of ’CIA employee ; (b) (3) (4) (1) Ce)
() File number ; (b) (2) (4) (1) (b)
() Pseudonym (b) (3) (3) (1) (b)
() Cryptonym (b) (3) (4) (1) (b)
() Internal organizational data (b) (3) (j) (1) (e)
a Name of an FBI agent (b) (7) (4) (1) (b)
} FBI file number (b) (2) (4) (1) (b):
(WM) Privacy of other individual (b) (6) (j) (1) (£)
~GH= Does not pertain to request N/A . "Exempted portions
are not relevant
to the requester"
( ) Information from Bapene vie pap (b) (1) (4) (1) (e)
* (M) Other, specify: Whe fh in very en. ?.
adhe GIO 7 U8

* For further guidance regarding exemptions, please see DDA-75-5943,
16 December 1975 (Privacy Act) and HN-70-21, 14 February 1975 (FOIA).

COMMENTS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:

Document No. _
(To be completed by ISS/PICG)

E 2 IMPDET CL BY 012170

13-00000 ,

_ APR 30 1968

To: SAC, Washington Field

““MURKIN

iced

- Karmstady, Germany, had advised the American Embassy, . _ -

Bristol Hotel, Lagos Nigeria, on the afternoon of 4-23-68.

Gee 3 198, /
T

- | dw 29~68

Airtel

4 _ ur. mudson
From: Director, FBI

On 4-28-68, a representative of CIA advised the |
Bureau that a German doctor, Kiaus Steer, German Director, oe
Scientific Department, Africa, E. Merck Aktiengesellschast,. —

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, that he believed he had seen an .
individual whom he thought to be Eric Starvo Galt at the -

The individual was identified as Joe Musgaque, who is oe
reportedly an employee. of the Wilder Oil Company. (address :
unknown).

, Washington 3 Field, check passport records for any “a
identifying data concerning Musgaque; and also attempt to
@Geternine through the Department of State any information —
concerning the Wilder 011 Company, which reportedly is
operating in Niseria. If no information available in |
State Departmént records regarding the Wilder Oil Company, — .
determine whether State Department can obtain this information
from the Nigerian Embassy »

Handle immediately. oe

woe aya
; . “ APR 30 1369
FUA:jlh i &
CG) . meen YE

NOTE: See memorandum from J. A. Sizoo to W, c. Sullivan —— :
dated 4-28-68, captioned “Murkin" JHK:brr. |

L =~ Memphis (info) cheb 8 pec 5

MAIL ROOM ELETYPE UNIT Cc


13-00000 ee

» _ *, a
/ SECRET /_/ TOP SECRET

[7 UNCLASSIFIED) = [/ CONFIDENTIAL /

-
“ *”
«

INITIAL REVIEW FORM
FOIA/PA Request No.
Document Description: Nsanrn a Dated:

Document Located By > FB) ; rn
(Office Designation) — ;
Document referred to DDO for review by:

RECOMMEND:
Release in full-text
Release in sanitized form
i Deny in toto
Defer decision to
Coordination with prior to above denial/release

EXEMPTIONS ARE BEING CLAIMED TO PROTECT THE FOLLOWING:

FOIA PRIVACY |
(4) Classification (b) (1) (k) (1)
( ) Information from a foreign liaison service (b) (3) (3) (1) (b) Ce)
() Information pertaining to a foreign liaison (b)(3) (5) (1) (b) Ce)
relationship :
“@®) Information which would/could identify the (b) (3) (5j) (1) (b)
source
() Information pertaining to a source (b) (3) (3) (1) (b)
() Information pertaining to intelligence methods(b) (3) (4) (1) (b)
(6°) Location of CIA overseas installation (b) (3) (4) (1) Cb)
( ) Location of unacknowledged domestic (b)(3)- (4) (1) (b)
- installation
Od Name of CIA employee . (b) (3) (4) C) Ce)
() File number . (b) (2) (4) (1) (b)
() Pseudonym (b) (3) (5) (1) (b)
() Cryptonym (b) (3) (j) (1) (b)
() Internal organizational data (b) (3) (3) (1) Ce)
(4) Name of an FBI agent (b) (7) (4) (1) (b)
() FBI file number (b) (2) (4) (1) (b)
QQ Privacy of other individual — (b) (6) (3) (1) (£)
( ) Does not pertain to request N/A "Exempted portions
are not relevant
to the requester"
() Information from pe Government agency ~ (b) (1) (4) (1) (¢)
* Ww Other, specify: -7Z, ag ally f A fa vegry Lin 4 6 Y be, VSG
* For further guidance #64021 Past Rey Wr temp tions. ple&$e see A 45-5943,

16 December 1975 (Privacy oaet) and HN-70-21, 14 February 1975 (FOIA).

'
COMMENTS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: hee

Document No.
gnature Bf Revieking Officer & Office | (To be completed by ISS/PICG)

E 2 IMPDET CL BY 012170


13-00000

~ : t .
a . ~
Sowo war Pass WO, 1D . S010~308 a : .
2 cme 1967 EDINION oe
: Ghe Gee, AEG HO. 77

UNITED SlaT ES GOVERNMEN T

Memorandum

7 Sullivan | : res 8
hr. W. C. Sullivan ud ; bare: 4/28/6

. | og
: Jc A. Sizoo /

(.
T: MURKIN i

Norman Pulin, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), advised  § f;t".

‘this date that a german doctor, Klaus Steer, German Director,
Scientific Department , Africa, Eg. Merck Aktiengesellschast , eo

- Karmstady, Germany, had advised the American Embassy, Addis Ababa, -

--Ethiopia, that he believed he had seen an individual whom he _ :

_ thought to be Eric Starvo Galt at the Bristol Hotel, Lagos, ©... -
Nigeria, on the afternoon of 4/23/68. Because he thought ‘the —-
individual looked like Galt he made an effort to get some ~

_ information concerning him. He found he was registered at the

‘hotel as Jose-Musgaque, Room 403, receipt number D52138, ° :
account number 08325. The doctor did not know if Musgaque had

' registered at. the hotel. as an American. In conversation with

Musgaque the doctor learned that Musgaque was employed by the ..-.
Wilder Oil Company (adress unknown) and was en route to .. Warri
Oil Field, Nigeria. ; Lo.

Bufiles contain no references to Joe Musgaque or the
Wilder Oi2 Company. - ; - /-
ran
Mr. Pulin, CIA, was advised that Bufiles contain ‘no AN
references to Jog Musgaque or Wilder Oil Company. ;

ACTION:

None. For information. This is being referred to
_ the General Investigative Division. -

° JHK:brr * (8)
‘ ww) re ne
Mr. Sullivan gui? oe
‘Mr. Rosen

Mr. Sizoo oe ? A
Mr. G.C. Moore — REC- 31 te, nO “4
Mr... McGowan .
Mr. McDonough

Pal fel bed fed feat fad Ja
perpeart

Mr. Kavanagh . boa ee ee
') . . aera ene hae
( a Me ——
ye °? : ONT
(™ ue es ane
. ara ,
nen Sy Pog oS

2 rAd te 4955 me of, ; ; . ; ° . _ , ws oN,

13-00000

. (| GEN GEM, AG. OL a7 - CE ee Tolsen —___—.
f+ UNITED STATESG ERNMENT "ss "Pet ooch —— |
" a ; - Riskep —_— |

Memorandum | se

TO Mr. We C. Sullivan ¢3¢ 4), DATE: April 22, 1968 | Poein e——
FROM ir. J. A, SizooA si“ 7 ere
ee TN AL met pera
ne Oy, . CY EH
SUBJECT: MURKIN.-- | Se . f |

’ are being detained in Panama City, Panama, at the request of the

'-eonnection with the assassination of Martin Luther King. These
individuals are identified as Tom Wolman, born 7/17/44 in New York,

El Salvador and Honduras on 4/17/68; Nicaragua on 4/18/68,

WaT 1962 FOITION . . . “ee he pe er oe

. At 6:35 pm 4/22/68, John Mapother, Clandestine Service, //\-
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), furnished the following . “
information to Night Supervisor James F, ilcGuire by telephone:

, é
’ CIA sources in Panama have reported two American citizens

Costa Rican authorities. Allegedly, they are being detained in.

Wolman has Passport Number J085474, issued 1/29/68, and his
permanent residence is shown as 30 Larrys Lane, Pleasantville,

New York, The other individual is identified as Douglas Harry |
Hulbard, Passport Number 330926, Hulbard is descriped as a former
soldier who has returned to Panama to Le married. CI did not
have any further descriptive data regarding Hulbard,

; These two individuals were traveling ina Chevrolet,
"License Number. 23GH19, Motor Number 13 387 13 113711. The "vehicle
and license plates could not be further described by CIA, According
to CIA, Wolman's passport indicates he had entered and departed

|

ir, Mapother advised he has no indication why the Costa

Rican authorities have requested the detention of the above- \
described individuals, Further, he does not know of any factual i
connection of these individuals with the King case. He said CIA

sources were trying to develop this matter further. He also
advised that CIA would send the FBI a written communication / |
Yo
1

. concerning this matter on 4/23/68, ; Co a

At 9:10 pm 4/22/68, Norman Poulin, CIA, orally advised
that a check had been made with the Costa Rican authorities and
determined that Costa Rica has no information regarding the above-
mentioned individuals; that Costa Rica did not request Panamanian
authorities to hold these individuals, that they have no request
from any American authorities to detain them; and that ia aan

Cty . wh “ Re 4
JFMichs D- ae cl. 49 ‘contfifan < ZG el
1 - Mr. Sullivan, 1 ~ Mr. J.A.Sizoo
1 —- Mr. Rosen ' 1 — Mr. Papich a AER 24 1968
1 - Mr.»Helgeson’ 1 ~ wr. IeF. McGuire ~ ; -
G GA bee mfony Eee oe re AD rae . ,
oP his T5853. 0 | SEs c

13-00000 ——

Memorandum to Mr. Sullivan
RE: MURKIN:

no knowledge of any connection between these individuals and
-the assassination of Martin Luther King, Poulin indicated that
_. the entire information may be a complete hoax; however, CIA will —
--advise FBI if any additional data comes to their attention.
 Agetons oe co 7 |

Lo : The above information was orally 3 furnished to Mr. Helgeson,
. General Investigative Division. . Oo ..

WW | A {
ie 7

i
|
i
i
:

Ds a ae ene

13-00000

wivin SIAL GUVERINMEN DL te _— ; : : : paleo i
; oy M d. ro a a . - ot : busing
_ emorandum . OR
. . : Feit. ~
ro -: Nr. D. J. ‘Brennan, sey DATE: April 17, 1968 “Tow
FROM — : Ss. J. Pa ich ; _ te Tele. Fon ——
o P uy” - _ a oy

SUBJECT: Comoe ee ; _ pl
. | - Richard Ober, Central Intelligence Agency (cra), * of
- furnished the following to the ‘Liaison Agent on April 17, ‘196s: fof

_ A CIA source, characterized as being very reliable, - we
advised that on or, about April 15, 1968, an individual identi- ~~”

- fying himself as Gerald Lee Richards, a U. S. seaman, called ra
_at the Tokyo, Japan, officd of the National Maritime Union and |”

- asked to be signed on a ship as soon as possible. (It should _-.

.. be noted that reference is being made to the office of. the yee
-National Maritime Union.) He was asked to furnish his local.

‘.address in Tokyo, and he refused to do so. . He became very
agitated and then left. So far he has not returned to the

' aforementioned office. CIA's source stated that Richards:

_ answers, the general description of the Suspect — in the instant
case. as. reported in news papers « . .

. -Richards volunteered information indicating + that oy
he applied for seaman's papers in San Pedro, California, on

. June 16, 1964, and that he registered. as a member “or the a
National Maritime Union in San Pedro on February 21, 1968,
He has Social Security number. 562-46-5078 and U. S. Coast
Guard identifying document Z2711-782, He was korn Avril 8,
1937, ion Missouri (town not given). -CIA's source described
him as 5'10"s: 155 pounds; brown hair, receding hairline on —
both sides;.a scar, not prominent, about two and one half
inches long across the eenter of his forehead... His most
outstanding characteristic was his grin, deseribed as “dis—

. concerting and resembling a grimace. hee % F Lu eae, af Li _ huod

“ee

Ober advised that this sane ; bormation 3 has b peen
given to our Legat, Tokyo. CIA is ¢ -Ghagoine throug davatlable
sources in Tokyo to establish the i bouts. of Richards’, .
IZ this lead washes out, CIA would “hike to be advised. , .
ACTION: The ‘above information is being directed to the

attention of the Civil Rights Section of the ;
General Investigative Division. rr wae

‘f : . Oger

SJP:clb 1;/—- (4)

wes

1 - Mr. McGowan (Long) ;
1 = Liaison _

[ : _— SO Ai Gt ,
as Mr. Papich” yu . oi: oN
. ; os t uf . ‘, LA _ . . ic 6
_ a, i ; hate ; 7 on . od y ; oO
. v ; . ) il “ - " i : : ’ : . .

13-00000

Gi info un cB) oun tt,
Raper to oir compan

DOCUMENT .

NUMBER

pi .

é :
ia °

a. < >

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION

Cable, Memorandum)

oranduat Dispatch
Coste :

rare
Purr to OF

. hes morandun, igpatch
(Other:

Date :

“to OS On C/

‘Cable 11 ciemaraTaicotep tc

Other:

Date’ :....Y.

to. Os.

Cable, ‘Memorandum, - Dispatch.
_ Others 225°:

Date 57" -

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Otherto zi

Dates:

Cable, Memorandun;:-Dispatch-.... .

Other:
Date .-2..-

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:
Date :

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
Other:
Date :

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
Other:
Date :

‘

TAS

Ger nyend, semen)
FOLA/Sa Request No. wr “SE )

EXEMPTIONS

wa, wa,
(J) (1) (b, , 4.

Other:

(b) (1), (b).(2),
(3) (1) (b,c a,
Other: -

(b) (1), (b) (2),

(j) (1) (b, c, 4,

Other?"

(b) (1), *(b) (2);
(4) (1) (b, ‘ce, d,
_ Other? == os

(b) (1) 5° (b) (2);

(j) (1) , Cy d,

Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2),
(3) (1) (b, ¢,. d,
Other: -----

(b) (1), (b)(2),
Ci) (1) (b, ec, d,
Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2),

(J) CG) (b, c, dy.

Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2),
(7)(1) (b, c, d,
Other:

(b) (3) 5 .(b) (6)

ee, -£), OG... |

“(b), (3): 2b) (6) 2 it

(b) (3); ‘(b) (6) =

e, £), (k)(1) ..

Coie in >

e, f), (KCL)

(b)(3), (b)(6)
e, £), (k) (1).

(b) (3), (b) (6)
es -£}, (ke) (1) 07

es; £), (k)(1) ies:

(b) (3), (b) (6) _

(b) (3), (b) (6)
e, £), (kK)(1)

(b) (3), (b) (6)
e, £), (k)(1)

(b) (3), (b) (6)
e, £), (K)(1)

13-00000. ,

on OPTIONAL 404M WO, ie e : wore 106 on "ome Pa Senn I ar or cay Dept elo ge ate
worm Gsa.ctm tc. o. ar : NaS . : moo : oe
‘ye atte
Ra 7" CUNITED STATES GC RNMENT #00 2

M emorandum

mo “oaveApril 8) 1 1968

Ie Mr, DeLoach -
‘ -l-Mr . Rosen -- —— ee
ere . Malley. To ena
... L=Mr. MeGowan 72):
McDonough -_
Long 2.222
Martindale |
re Bishop
. Conrad .

_ This is the case involving t the e murder of Martin Luther r King, Tee r. 2

“= One of the most promising 7 leads developed s sO > far. is the laundiy
iags appearing on a T-shirt and a pair of shorts apparently abandoned by =
the subject with the rifle that is believed to be the murder weapon, It. _ .
_ , has been determined that these laundry marks were made by a Thermo Seal ©
~ marking machine manufactured by the Textile Marking Machine Company,.... |
Syracuse, New York, The manufacturer of this machine has advised that _- =
the laundry marks in question are unusual in that theycconsist of five =. -
characters whereas the usufal code contains six characters. wet ate gta
These markings are also unusual because the first two characters 7,
are in, smaller type while the remaining three characters are in larger -
"= type.::The normal arrangement is for the first three characters to be in
3 > smaller type and for the following characters to be in larger type. ‘The |
‘| Textile Marking Machine Company has stated only a limited number of |
'| machihes have been manufactured which print laundry marks in this ~

‘:{manner. Investigation is proceeding on an onpocited hast basis to locate these sees 7
.~Imachines for the purpose of identityin fia the laun oe
eggs ne fee Wt Bay VG f= TP Oy a

furnished the Central Intelligence Agency file. op Robert Er. <ramaer,:
M, ‘BD. , Berkeley, California, whom Helmsconsiders at ‘suspect because of =~ ~
his resemblance to an artist's conseption of the-subject and because ofthe

. Central Intelligence Agency's experience with Kramer, The Central :
Intelligence Agency file states Kramer has a. ‘Long ‘ ‘atrest récord and contains ~~,
\2 Berkeley Police Department photograph, dated 1/277 66, number 22805."

Hidlosure Cewee— f-PLE Bit. y sewn RHIC ee ee
84 nok v. a Xo |
bos: ANE 21868 - AN ae CONTINUED, - OVER" |
i i oe ees ee Re a “=

a HP: Richard fig ficims, ivecten of the Central Pala abhey, has_ a

" " TT — : — ow — g
tert cet webbe! owe nein dy dt mgabe abel gigtints eiabiiattinaes bs! to ab beeabii wad UNSER Fe
24 ee meen eR ba py Ln i :
{


13-00000

He has ‘een a a “chronic letter writer to the Central Intelligence ‘Agency
criticizing them and the Government. By letter of 12/29/67 Kramer _... ... 7 .
requested the Central Intelligence Agency to pay him $100, 000 monthly“ ae
for six months for a paper on geopolitical economy he had previously ‘-

submitted, He concluded his letter with the statement, 'In the event that

you fail to acknowledge my request, I can accept no responsibility for.
any future efforts necessary to gain the combined ends of ideal -
government and financial recompense. * We scum sean)

: gi Enel, _ cane a us .
TFT moore The only record of Kramer found in Bureau ufiles is go
: } memorandum from the Central Intelligence Agency, 1/18/68, advising ou...

BALA ek ee ee Oe, lo anee “JF

us of his letters to the Central Intelligence Agency. ‘No record can be |
located in the Identification Division but Kramer's fingerprints a: are e being
obtained from the Perkeley police. SEA PR CVE. :

. Ae CG. Hayden, Intra-Division Information Unit of the e Department,

advised on the evening of 4/8/68 that Beatrice Rosenberg, a secretary in
_ the Attorney General's office, had received a telephone call froma |

man identifying himself as Frederick\Dunstan who said he resided at —

Route 350, Whitefield, North Carolina.\ Dunstan said he was calling the ~

Attorney General to report that a white man was in his house, was drunk,

had a gun and said he had killed Martin Luther King, Jr.. - -

There is no Whitefield, North Carolina, There is a Whiteville,
North Carolina. Investigation by the Charlotte Division has failed to. :
locate a Route 350, Box 350, or Highway 350 in the Whiteville area and ae
mo record of a Frederick Dunstan has been located, No record of Dunstan wie
could be found in Bureau files. mo.

Moree _«
~-

; A pair of duckbill pliers was s found among the personal effects - an
believed to have been abandoned by the subject. These pliers bear a. oe
trademark of 'the Rompage Hardware Company, Los Angeles, Employees -

at the hardware company believe this is one of twelve pliers purchased it in
vores" October, 1966. Employees have no recollection of the sale of these - frien
mo pliers b but an exhaustive search is being made of charge sale records. - ve mtceecnnte:

a It is noted that the rifle believed to ‘be the murder weapon ¥ was _ oS ae
purchased in Birmingham, Alabama, 3/30/68. Binoculars found with the ~

« rifle were purchased in Memphis, 4/ 4/68, A latent fingerprint found on

: {the rifle is identical with a latent fingerprint found on the binoculars, This  —

es presents a strong probability that these fingerprints are those of the subject,

-2=... - CONTINUED PAGE THREE


13-00000

_ Memorandum to Mr. DeLoach _

wae“ Other major avenues of investigation include checking out”

white Mustang automobiles, since one was seen leaving at a high rate. --.
of speed after the shot was fired; efforts to trace a bedspread or blanket -
found with the gun, and the immediate processing of all suspects as” -

ns Attached isa memorandum for the White House, the e Attorney. -
. - General, the Deputy Attorney General and the Civil Rights Division,

2e Investigation : is continuing on an n all-out basis, Loe
- 7 ; : “ on nee . . . . & eee eee wee

ted —— — _ oes = woe —
3a we
“ ad

, Tolson

13-00000 . -.

» Gua Gane m0, 6. 27 ho . : : _ DeLoa
_ UNITED STATES*GOVERNMENT or > -  fewach
. - Bishop
. : Casper
Memorandum 7 ea
. : , Felt
: se Te Gale
TO : Mr. posen Ly, ‘DATE: April 10, 1968 = Sivas.
- f Pons ; , ; ot Tavel —____.
So 1 - Mr, Rosen - Tetes Room
FROM :. C, L, McGowan s+ 1-Mr. Malley == Gy
To, Lf, 1 - Mr. McGowan ere
A » 4 pe 1 - Mr. Long

SUBJECT: | MURKIN

a,

ee This is the matter involving the assassination
of Dr. Martin Luther King.

a oo Liaison’ advised of the receipt of information ae
_-from Richard Helms, Director of CIA, that one Robert

US 7 r_ was a possible suspect. According: to information

Be furnished by Howard Osborn, Director of Security of —

y..»%* CYA, Kramer, who is a doctor, has been a source of ©

Ue trouble to CIA for some time. Only recently Mr. Helms. —

a received a very cryptic telegram from Kramer. . In reviewing ~
Kramer's file, they noted a photograph which bears a
very strong resemblance to recent pictures of artist :
drawings of the killer which have appeared in local papers. a
The likeness was so striking that Mr. Helms thought it . ,
' should be brought to the attention of the FBI immediately.

ACTION:

Senior Resident Agent Jesse Hall, Alexandria, -
Virginia, was telephonically contacted and instructed to
obtain full detaiis from the files of CIA Headquarters
at Langley, Virginia, together with all background infor-.
mation on Kramer, as well as a photograph, so that this —
matter could be thoroughly checked out.

CRM:mes , j:CL”

(5) - si fo 7 ,
— . Gye 29 Ui i Lf, 20
moa (¥- 2ENCI@3Bp

i2 APRI6 18

eta ioeraa ey

, tA \
‘yy i )
rat AGT “oar & a wf oO
ei B yo rahal oe oy \
(ara 7 . ' uy ‘| {h v \
i nts . NO 2a Lk pers
\ aN ay

13-00000

vt Sebi

Subject of FBI investigations : in 1954 (Voice of America)
and 1956 (USIA) - Bureau File 123- 15026.

wo Of possible interest 4 is , similarity between! his name and
oP) that of "Eric Starvo GALT." In that Richard STAAR is |
similar. GWIAZDA is "star" in Polish. Among STAAR's
references on a 1949 PHS is Professor Stanley AULT,
_ Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana.

From 1959 to 1962 (latest information available) STAAR.
was a Professor of Political Science at Emory University, ...
Atlanta, Georgia, His local residence addresses during ...
_ that period are shown as 303 Vickers Drive, N. &., _

" t . _ Atlanta, 7, and 879 Clifton os N.E., Atlanta, - Georgia.
[eo ; ; me . . ert Fe mmemeniattion’ aes

os , ot 7
“yard!
-_ 20-19 -

rr a a "0 APR 31968
i | _ 7 RE aT 10 t 29

. ' . . eo oo a oO : i a
Re.  RaSEESURE Be
. REA ee
TOMA T= 1958  Sepae

13-00000.
oN

Sewer we: tag Le : :.
tT ” a ny perme eg ge ee: ie


13-00000 , _
dee ee gene vung pee cee ae ea aaa —.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT » | ed Hohe
: . . ishop
. , _ : : . Casper —
Womarandun ia
. . a oo Gale
TO : Mr, nosen Jr, ‘DATE: April 10, 1968 Rosen ~
1-Mr. Rosen . °° © tole Roos
FROM : C, L, McGowan 7+ 1-Mr. Malley «| gam
oo of 1 -Mr, McGowan | mo,
NO em 1- ur. Long .

" suBJECT: -77RRIN

This is the matter involving the assassination .
of Dr. Martin Luther King. a, .

i Liaison’ advised of the receipt of information
frém “Richard Helms, Director of CIA, that. one Robert ee
oe aes a possible suspect. According to’ THrormation - °
ao. furnished by Howard Osborn, Director of Security of = =
«+ CXA, Kramer, who is a doctor, has been a source of © 2005 |
an - trouble to CIA’ for some time. Only recently Mr. Helms. °.- |.
a received a very cryptic telegram from Kramer, . In reviewing ”
, ’ Kramer's file, they noted a photograph which bears a. .
very strong resemblance to recent pictures of artist
. @rawings of the killer which have appeared in local papers.
The likeness was so striking that Mr. Helms thought it: oe,
_ Should be brought to the attention of the FBI. _Amediately. a

‘ACTION:

Senior Resident Agent Jesse Hall, Alexandria,
Virginia, was telephonically contacted and instructed to .
obtain full details from the files of CIA Headquarters |
at Langley, Virginia, together with all background infor-—  — .
mation on Kramer, as well as a photograph, so that this...
matter could. be thoroughly checked out. ; 7

A

7 CRitsmes 4 Ll
me APR 16 1968 go

ae a}

, . ; . - e a an

re aps “e arn hs

“ : - .
"f ~Lots . Boy a ; : We
. . ce ‘ 4 : Soe. so. - be Ki

ii . Cr re rn oe

13-00000

ee See Be cee
2 Beets) tam bea
. OF - | ppb =. 76S F
a . r
ie, Ge ne Wilsoa, 3 POrA/PA Coordinator Rt, 12, Fredericks, id, 21701
‘Sactrel Intelligence Agency 7/21/77 _ (Torn oO. ont uceetta,

YVashington, D.C.

Dear Er. Wilson, lg, yEs AS A 2 1a

The news account of your coming release of an , addi tion 1al 4,000 pages on whet might -
be celled mind-bending reminds me that my requests seem tome to cover this end that you
nave not notified ue of this release. I do want these. If you interpret uy prior requests’
wo. -@g not covering then. . then consider this a new request. ii recollection is that my initial
4" peguests cover anything arid verything directly or indirectly related to this subject. That
. you have interpreted my requests as 1 have is evidence from prior correspondence noti- .
fying ne of releases. .- * ee . _

tor: Under the Act there is authori ty for the remission of all ‘costs and ‘fees. L believe |
ivewe. I meet the requirements for. this remission and I make the request fornally.. My work: -
melts restricted exclusively to what is now regarded ‘as inportant histori cal cases, In ‘one “
we “on which If have paid the CIA large sums without compliance, the King assassination, the -

- Previous Attozney General so held, formally, confirned by a federal judge. I have already -
arranged to give all my reco#ds, not’ just these, to a university sys tem, t believe atan |

“ earlier date I reserved the right to recover these fees. I have delayed a°fornal appeals «

~aky ), pending a determination of a judge that there be a ruling by the Department. of Justice *

- fees WLtR regard to me and on -this,. The Departrent provided » bargain~basement response, a.”

cody 603 rewission that I have appealed and will if necessary litigate. x "hope > the CTA will * 0
wath 8 act * favorably on this. | oe ee a

. Tt has. been a very long tine since I have heard from 1 you : about a multitude of ‘requests
all ‘hong overdus by your own backlog clai:s. One of these is on the King assassination, In.
that you may recall you estimated a $1 0004 search fee 224 askei for and received a 3500 —-
deposit. What you have sent is ludicrous. In tie long time in which I have heard and :
. received nothing further IT think you have in effect refused the  Pequest af after charging |.
weal fees S80 $his-is also an_appeal_oa the “ine/Ray records. _ co rae
I aa.asking again when 1 may expect to hear from you on ell the other request CS, |
including my PA request for the records on me. fhe appeel is several years old now. Ky a
recollection is that yopr last reference to this stated the poscessing of the apveal had.
rot bean conpleted. I have rights under the Act to mor: then copies. I want to exercise —
‘those rights. This is impossible without obtaining all copies first. Asul have toid you
_. repeatedly I would prefer not to have to litigate this. What I am thus really aalcing you:
is doe s the CIA want me to suit it on a request that goes back to 1977 and on which it ‘is.

*

_ not in compliance? jot. even processed tye appeal?

- Anonz the factors makinz it difficult to keep track of these non-compliances is your .
foilure to respond as well as to comply. I believe I have asked this before. +£I have then! .
. Kuhet follows is an avpyeal frou a refusal, +f I have not it is a new request, I would like } EL K
yr “all records relating to my requests and appeals, including their sequential relationships |
‘ye | £0 other requests, under both Acts and particularly as tis relates to compliance with -
ye totnor renuests. ; ; Pa

oo a sing in ff Do co a

ul, Hd S$ A G2 lap ° .

BR

Harold Weisberg


13-00000

cee oo —_ ce ee ——
ne Se ; 7
so, . ° oo, LoG- &S
7 . —_ Anrene (F- 16-382). Beart he awe us
a ee | Ke pruk | = 76: “3 fo
, LO ,
He, Cons, Wiloon, pora/PA Coordinatar - Rte 12, Frodericts, iid. 21704
‘Pattrel Intelligence Agency 7/21/77 oe (Ton O., osc)
_ + Washington, D.C. , - - Tn
“" Dear Er. Wilson . Coe . - ae arr a as A wea :
> ff tau

The news account of your « coming release of an “addi tional 4,000 pages’ on what might -

- be called mind-bending reminds. me. that. my requests seex to.me to cover this end that you
have not notified ne of this release. I do want these. If you interpret my prior reguests LQ

-as not covering them then consider this a new request. ii-recollection is that my initial -

requests cover anything arid verything directly or indirectly: related ‘to this subject. That

. you have interpreted my. requests agi have is evidence from t prior correspondence noti- . a

fying me of releases. we . . :

Bk Ge Under the Act there ‘is aut thori ity ‘for the renigsion of all ‘costs and ‘fees. I believe,
“I meet: the requirements ‘for. ‘this remission and I make the request fornally. My work .
eo is restricted ezclusively to what is now regarded ‘ag inportant histori cal. cases, In one |
on which If have paid ‘the CIA large. sums without complience, the King assassination, the -
Previous Attorney General so held, formally, confirmed by a federal judge. I have already ©
atranged to give ell my recofds, not just these, to ‘a university systen. t believe at an.
‘earlier date I reserved the right to recover these fees. I have delayed a’ formal appeals
ni pending a determination ‘of a judge that there be a ruling by tthe Department: of Justice ©
tees With regard to me and on this.. The Departrent provided 2 bargain-base enent response, a.
° 6077 remission that I have appealed. and will if necessary litigete. I i Rope tne. OTA will
tt act favorably on this. ok : peat

Th. ERY been 2 very long tine since I have heard from ou “about a multit tude of requests
“ali Tons overtus by your own backlog claius. Cne of these is on the Xing assassination, In

_. .: T aaasiing again when I ney y expect to hear from you on ell: -the other ‘requests, ~~
 dncluding my PA request for the records on me, The eppeal | is several years old now. Hy
' vecollection is that yodr last reference to this stated the ppecessing of the anvxeal had
not bean completed. I have rights under the Act to mor: then copies. I want to exercise
' those rights. This is impossible without obtaining all copies first. Asvl have toid you
. repeatedly I vould prefer not to have to litigate this. What I am thus really asking you:
is doe s the CIA want me to suit it on a request that goes back to 1s71 and on uhich it ‘is
-not in compliance? tot even processed tye appeal?

Anong the factors makin it difficult to keep track of these non-compliances is your
' failure to respond as well as to comply. I believe I have asked this before. 4+£ I have then .
. Xwuhet follows is an appeal frou.a refusal, +f I have not it is a new request. I would like } EL K,
Yall records relating to ny requests and appeals; including their sequeitial relationships |
® } to other requests, under both Acts and particularly as tis relates to compliance with
Lother requests. ..
a . . . - . : . . a . . foo,

ee Sinctrely, fi, .
face

Harold Weisberg - \

‘


13-00000 _ cs

CD) ualctassiFte Ose ont —E conFipentIan 3S SECRET

_PRIORITY HANDLING — FOIA REQUEST

SUBJECT: "{Opticna oe : . REQUEST NUMBER

FOIA A ppeal - Harold Weisberg, for 4nformatiion about .
“Martin Luther King, Jr. and James. Earl Ray ‘ mn IPS F 76-382

: EXTENSION | OATE SENT” “!

2 1G. “Bean : | ~ 15-AuG 7
Assistant for Information, DDA _ 5217 15 AU tof
to . SUSPENSE DATE

_ TO: {Ofer desi in, foom number; and pe ; , : j
building) mo : - : “OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number ebch comment to show from whom

JINITIAU to whom. Drow a fine across column after each comment.)

‘Mr. Wells, DDO

; RU: Mr. Addons, ppo/Pioc - Attached ‘is an FOTA Appeal

with a due date of 19 Aug 77.

In accordance with IPS pro-
cedures, the Chairman has assigned
action for this appeal as follows:.

‘Mr, Wells,.Mr. Dirks,
Mr. Stevens _ and: Mr. Blake

Designated Action Member(s):

Me. Stevens, DDI should contact me within 48 hours

: Mr. Lawler, DDI/FIO— should: there be any objection to
= : the case assignment.

The 0GC attorney assigned to | _
advise you or your Appeals Officer =
regarding this case is: -

| Mr, Ziebell.

The Action Member or Appeals

Officer is requéstéd.to ensure —~
Mr, Ziebell, OGC that staft work ‘is completed ar
6-D- . . e case is ready for presentation
D-0120 - Has. BX should such be required) at the

il aan 77 meeting.

“Wr, Biddiscombe, |
GE 31 HQ FX-1

RETURN 10:"

“To SECRET ‘o CONFIDENTIAL

merge 3719 Cy INTERNAL =] UNCLASSIFIED

13-00000

. oe | [Aekncnated tory te

- pot , mo JAMES H. LESAR draft
_ ™ _.. ATTORNEY AT LAW 7 ot oe

Mr. Gene F. “Wilson

. Central. Intelligence Agency
Washington, D. ce 20505

Luther King, Jr.

1231 FOURTH STREET, S. W.
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20024

_ F 760382

TELEPHONE (202) 484.6023

June 11, 1976 =

2 BOGE.

Freedom of Information Coordinator

Dear Mr. Wilson: |

. on behalf of Mr. Harold Weisberg of - Frederick, Maryland,
request access” to the following: ; Q

oa All records pertaining to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

2. All records pertaining to the assassination of Dr. Martin oe

3. All records pertaining to James Earl | Ray under whatever mes
name or alias. . joe . a not

4. All 11 re erds on any alleged or [suspected] accome

. associate in the assassination of Dr. Martin Lut er King, Jr.

5. All_collections of_published materials on the assassination

of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

6. All analyses, ' commentaries, reports, or. investigations on
or_in any way pertaining to any publishéd materials on the assassi-—

ation of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. or the authors of said materials.

7. ALL records, letters, cables, memorandums, routing slips, -.
photographs, tape recordings, receipts, sketches, computer printouts |
or any other form of data pertaining to or in any way relevant
the foregoing requests for information, regardless of source or =
origin. oe es

This request is made under the provisions of the Freedom C8
Information Act, 5 U.S.C. §552, as amended by Public Law (93- 3022,

Sincerely yours,

face ce fet

SL, way


13-00000

21 JUN 976

- James Hy Lesar, Esquire
1231 Fourth Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20024

~ Dear Mr. Lesar:

re This acknowledges receipt of your letter of 11 June 1976
on behalf of Mr..Harold Weisberg requesting, under provisions |
of the Freedom of Information Act, access to any CIA records
dealing with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and/or James Earl Ray .

and any of his alleged or suspected accomplices in Dr. King's
assassination. -

I shall arrange for a search of CIA files and shall be in ©
further communication with you once the search has been completed
and any records found reviewed for releasability under the Act.

As you may ‘know, the heavy volume of Freedom of Information
requests received by the Agency has resulted in processing back-
logs. If we do not respond within the 10 working days stipulated
by the Act, it is your right to construe this as a denial, subject
to appeal to the CIA Information Review Committee. It would seem
more reasonable, however, for us to continue processing your request
and to respond as soon as feasible. Any denials of records could
be appealed at that time. Unless we hear from you otherwise, we ;
will assume that this is agreeable to you and proceed on this basis.

For your information, I am enclosing a copy of our fee schedule.
If the charges seem likely to be considerable, I shall provide you |
with an estimate and perhaps require a partial payment in advance
of processing.

Sincerely,
/s/GFW

Gene F., Wilson
Information and Privacy Coordinator

Enclosure: as stated
IPS/CES/cb/21 Jun 76Distribution:
Orig - Addressee
i Wipe Chrono
IPS (F-76- 382)


13-00000

ee Jar

30 Nov i975

IPS/DGV/cr/29 Nov 76 __

Distribution:
. - Orig. ~ Addressee
James H. Lesar, Esquire 1.- OGC. (sericktand)
1251 Fourth Street, S.¥. a - ose.
Washington, DC 20024 - - :
aaa 9 - AI/DDA

—— ~ IPS (Neisberg,F-76-382) | SPR
‘Dear Mr. Lesar: 7 - IPS (Weisber Corres nd
zo 7 . a ~ IPS Chrono . pe ence)
- You will. recall that « our letter ef 21 June 1976 acknowledged
. yeceipt of your letter on behalf of Mr. Harold Weisberg requesting,
_ under provisions ef the Freedoew of Inforzation Act, access to any ..
_ CIA records dealing with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and toe those
dealing with James Earl Ray and any of his alleged or suspected |
_ accomplices in Dr. King's assassination.

Ye find that we are unable to respond te your request as ate
now stands due to legal and regulatery restrictions on the release
of personal information from-official records. In that Light,
please be advised that we can proceed - no further with ysur request
onless and until we are in receipt of notarized statements of re-
lease from Mrs, Coretta King and James Earl Ray, respectively.
These statements should be quite specific as to what areas of
personal information are and are not authorized for release by this
Agency to-you and your client. If all information in our records _
is releasable, that should. be so stated; if only such inforsation |
as relates to specific incidents or to specific periods of tine is
releasable, these caveats sheald be clearly stated.

Finally, we must ask that you provide a stateuent of willing-"

ness to pay search and duplication fees as required by this request
and in line with the fee schedule enclosed. It has been estimated

. that such charges could spproach $1996. Along with the notarized
statenents shove, and the starement of willingness to pay all search
and copying charges (or those up to an established limit}, we would
require a down payment of half the anticipated charges. Payment
should be wade to this office in the form of a check er money order
payable to Treasurer of the United States. ;

pneerely,
fan heor

Gene F. Wilson
Information and Privacy Coordinator

Enclosure


eg JAMES H. LESAR a ey
, ae ; ATTORNEY AT LAW wOEN
_ _ 1281 FOURTH STREET, 5. W.
a -: WASHINGTON, D. c, 20024

TELEPHONE (202) 484-6023 . ,
December 3, 1976

Mr. Gene F. Wilson

Information and Privacy Coordinator
‘Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D. C. 20505

- Dear Mr. Wilson: . ier

in response to your letter of November: 30, 1976, Mr. Harold
.Weisherg has authorized me to state his willingess to pay search |
and copying charges up to the amount of $1,000 if such charges are
_xequired by his Freedom of Information Act request for records
pertaining to Dr, Martin Luther King, Jr. and his assassination.

Because you require a down payment of half the anticipated charges,
I enclose a check for $500. 00:

‘This ‘payment of . $500. 00 and any subsequent payments made in
connection with this request are tendered with the express reserva-
tion that Mr. Weisberg does not waive his right to recover them

C.I.A. regulations provide:

wo
Records shall be furnished without charge ,
or at a reduced rate whenever the Coordina- =
tor determines that waiver or reduction of =
the charge is in the public interest because >
furnishing the information can be considered

as primarily benefiting the general public.

The Coordinator also may waive or reduce the

charge whenever he determines that the inte-

rest of the government would be served there~

by. 32 C.F.R. §1900.25(a).

In accordance with this regufatibn, I call upon you to
determine that it is in the public and governmental interest to
waive search and copying charges incurred in connection with Mr.
Weisberg's request. Enclosed herein is a copy of a letter to Deputy
Attorney General Harold R. Tyler, Jr. which makes a similar request
of the Department of Justice. The reasons expressed in that letter

for granting a waiver are incorporated in my request that you grant
a waiver.

Should you require it, I will provide you with affidavits by
myself, Mr. Weisberg, and others in support of this request for a
waiver of the search and copying charges for these records. If you
do wish supporting affidavits, I would appreciate it if you would

a

13-00000 ,. .

“

-~

_ granted.

- pte

a’ .
. ~

inform me of this as soon as possible. I would also request
that you indicate what standards, if any, you have established = —
for determining whether or not a request for waiver should be

You state that you can proceed no further with Mr. Weisberg's

request “unless and until we are in receipt of notarized state~
ments Of release from Mrs. Coretta King and James Ear] Ray, —

‘ respectively." Because Mr. Weisberg's request undoubtedly com-.

prises records which do not involve any proper claim of privacy,
this cannot be true. I do enclose, however, a copy of a notarized.
waiver by James Earl Ray. I will immediately contact Mrs. King -
about .a waiver by her. In the meantime, I request that you proceed
to make available those records responsive to Mr. Weisberg's re-
quest which do not involve any proper claim of invasion of privacy.

Sincerely yours,

aunty W-

James H. Lesar:


13-00000

13 JAN 1977

. lemes: H. Lesar,: Esquire a
- 4231 Fourth St.3-AWee Ue
Washington, DC 20024. -

Dear Mr. Lesar: 7

_ Thank you: for your letter of 27 December. This will acknowledge

, receipt of the sworn waiver executed by Mr. James Earl Ray,. and to ee

... advise that. processing of this portion of your request has been initi- 7 _
ated. Upon receipt of the sworn wafver from Mrs. King,. as mentioned a
in your letter of 3 December, we will. then be able to proceed with all :
aspects of your FOIA request... We also wish to acknowledge receipt of

your check for $500.

‘Thank you for: your assistance and continued cooperation. cae
‘Ths request. has been assigned the c case number. F-76-382.

_ - - “yg Sincerely, |
i Gene F. Wilson.
Information and Privacy Coordinator

IPS/EK/cb/12 Jan 77
Distribution:
Ortg - Addressee
1 ~,IPS Chrono
1 “IPS F-76-382
1 - 0GC .

13-00000

HDpk

3 ‘ FOIA ‘Appeal ~ Harold Weisberg for information about j oe H
j ips F 76-382 ml
- “a1 wee

Martin Luther King, Jr. and James Earl Ray i
Le | |

FO AA Y me

i H.G. Bean | 43 AUS wel
a Assistant for Information, DDA | 5117 eet ie wens
7D 02 HQ pra

4
PRE AS ane DA‘E | - : j
i wilding OFFICER'S. i COMAENTS ‘Number such comasnt to show from whom
: . gtceiveo | AORWAaDED INITMALs | ta whem, Drow a line across caluma ofrer each comment.)
Be ee — _—. _————-—-
i ; }

i. .-
Mr. Wells, DDO | DDO a | Attached is an FOIA Appeal
| {

aps
i
4

a

i
PHRU? “ nas Poresce J with a due date of 19 Aug 77.
j 2,

——

In accordance with IPS pro-
cedures, the Chairman has assigned
| action for this appeal as followa:

3. Mr. Dirks, DDS&T
THRU: Mr. Redmond, DDS&T/FIO

6B 56 HQ” BY=1_

ay

Mr. Wells, Mr. Dirks,

4, Mr. Stevens and Mr. Blake
Designated Action Member{s)
should contact me within 48 hours
should there be any objection to:
the case assignment.
_|

5 Mr. Stevens, DDI
THRU: Mr. Lawler, DDI/FIO

The OGC attorney assigned to
advise you or your Appeals Officer
| regarding this case is:. ,

Mr. Blake, DDA
7D 26HQ . BX-4

Mr. Ziebell

The Action Mewher or Appeals
Officer is requested to ensure
that staff work is completed and
the case is ready for presentation
(should such be required) at the

11 Aug 77 meeting.

eee Ae NN AL IRL AIL tS A ct em Sm -

SE “aU! iy MCLASSTFIES


13-00000_ -


13-00000 . :

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR F.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU ‘OF INVESTIGATION a on _

WASHINGTON, D.C. (20535 _ — y J

Date: September 28, 1977 BY COURIER

To: Freedom of Information Act Coordinator
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D. C.

atet Attention: Gene F. Wilson
: Room 2E 42

so MEPS REGISTRY |
From: Clarence M. Kelley, Director F7r7-0¥sf

Subject: FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA) REQUEST OF
HAROLD WEISBERG

This is in reference to our referral of documents
to your Agency dated August 18, 1977, and your response
to that referral dated September 9, 1977.

LW 99-564 clewd 9/9177

We have segregated Erom this referral those documents
which are not responsive to Mr. Weisberg's FOIA request.
The remaining documents which are being forwarded to your
Agency are construed to be within the scope of Mr. Weisberg's
request. Should you reach a determination that some of
these documents are not responsive to Mr. Weisberg's request,
please return those documents which you so consider to the
FBI. We would appreciate your processing all those documents
which you consider to be within the scope of Mr. Weisberg's
request as it is necessary that we resolve the disposition
of these documents and so inform the requester without
further delay.

Attached are iva documents from our files which
originated with your Agency. Please examine these documents
and if classified, determine if classification is to be
Maintained. If continued classification is not warranted,
or if the documents are unclassified and otherwise releasable,
Please delete any portion to be withheld under the FOIA
and cite the applicable exemptions. . ée

ites

tiki SOF {30

sOLuTIOn,

g
te Praga

a
Pag?

13-00000

ace

a
Centr { Intell igence Agency , .

a

; _ . ;
Also attached are(two/FBI documents which contain
information received from your agency. The information

is being referred for a current classification determination
and releasability under the provisions of the FOIA.

If there are any questions regarding the above,
Please contact Ralph Harp, FOIPA Branch, at telephone number
324-5566.

A

Enclosures (8)

+ .

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_ nation of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.:..

i
. a |
‘. 3 tee 8 SAMES H. LESAR | -
ne, . toe ATTORNEY ATLAW .
Phare UNG elk Re Get tebe fi 01°) SRS FOURTH STREET, 8. W. - t,. ' oe

“WASHINGTON, B. C. 20024

‘Warernons (202) 404.6023

- December 23,1975 -

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST 2. ct
1 =.
Mr. Harold Tyler, Jr. xe ee
Deputy Attorney General . ma TS
oJ. S. Department of Justice me
Washington, D. C. 20530 | $$ 3
; 7

Dear Mr. Tyler: .
On behalf of Mr. Harold Weisberg, I am requesting that you :
grant him access to the following records pertaining to the assassi- *

.
. . a ie

1. All receipts for any letters, cables, documents, reports,
memorandums, or other communications in any form whatsoever.

°

2. All receipts for vany items of physical evidence.

3. <All reports or memorandums on the results of any tests
performed on any item of evidence, including any comparisons normally
made in the investigation of a crime.

; °4. All reports or memorandums on any €ingerprints found at the
scene of the crime or on any item allegedly related to the crime.
This is meant to include, for example, any fingerprints found in or
on the white Mustang abandoned in Atlanta, in any room allegedly
used or rented by James Earl Ray, and on any registration card. It
should also include all fingerprints found on any item considered as
evidence in the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

5. Any taxicab log or manifest of Memphis cab driver James
McCraw or the cab company for which he worked.

6. Any tape or transcript of the radio logs of the Memphis
rouace Department or the Shelby County Sheriff's Office for April 4,
968.

7. All correspondence and records of other communications
exchanged between the Department of Justice or any division thereof
and:

R. A. Ashley, Jr. , [ies a c : Qss abe
Harry 6. Avery vt

13-00000 .

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dow, ’ - ;

zi A tees an wwe : a . -> ara) i 2 - 4 wee

a . ; 7 - 2 . . ~
a? - aa

x” ¥ ;

a. ..James G. Beasley . 7 toe Ly. .

- sts . <', ¢ * ae . ta
Beton. osre Clay Blair oo, ; 3
at Tee eeye set "David" CaTGutt’ eter se Lait wtlsa set i adlce eden tde ote

-- Phil M. Canale . . ; 7 . ,

John Carlisle
Robert K. Dwyer
. Gov. Buford Ellington
Michael Eugene .
= Percy Foreman ‘
Gerold Frank
Roger Frisby
Arthur Hanes, Jr.
Arthur Hanes, &r.
W. Henry Haile
William J. Haynes, Jr.
Robert W. Hill, dr.
William Bradford Huie °
George McMillan
“ William N. Morris

APS WAS) BASE Seba e

#5. : . Jeremiah O'Leary
; i! David M. Pack .
SS - Lloyd A. Rhodes
a. 3. 8. Stoner Le Stanton :
$R Bugh 7 Jr. .
; Hugh Stoner 8
| z . 3 Stonton
ts 8. All correspondence or records of other communications per-
me taining to the guilty plea of James Earl Ray exchanged between the

Department of Justice or any division thereof and:

Rev. Ralph Abernathy
Rev. James Bevel
Rev. Jesse Jackson
Mrs. Coretta King
Rev. Samuei B. Kyles

e a o
eet

kite

= Rev. Andrew Young
2 Harry Wachtel
Al 9. All notes or memorandums pertaining to any letter, cable,
3 | or other written communication from or on behalf of the District
ee Attorney General of Shelby County, Tennessee, or the Attorney
«J General of Tennessee to the Department of Justice or any division
aH thereof, .
a
=
a]
zag
|

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or Ce

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13-00000

ece

Ao, wi. notes. or. memorandums pertaining to. any telephonic... Fe
“or vérbal communications from or on behalf of the District Attorney =
.:s General. of Shelby County ,::Tennessee,;: or: the Attorney General"of + * .
-fTennessee to the Department:of Justice or any division thereof.
il. All tape recordings and all logs, transcripts, notes,
reports, memorandums or any other written record of or reflecting
any surveillance of any kind whatsoever of the following persons:

‘fl

Judge Preston Battle
Wayne Chastain
Bernard Fensterwald
Percy Foreman
Gerold Frank
Arthur Hanes, Jr.
Arthur Hanes, Sr.
--Renfro Hays he ke ee Fe

ase mos BAITS +

“~
?

*
e
o

.
.
*
»
«

Ei Robert W. Hill, Jr.
. William Bradford Huie
pt , James H. Lesar . a
ae 7 Robert I. Livingston
A. George McMillan .
oF: Judge Robert McRae, Jr.

Fi , Albert Pepper
4" Carol Pepper

Pa James Earl Ray
x Jerry Ray
“> John Ray -
an Richard J. Ryan
5 J. B. Stoner
, Russell X. Thompson
ha! Harold Weisberg
‘2 This is meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail
% covers, mail interception, interception by any telephonic, electronic,
“3 mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with third
= persons and the use of informants.
h . 12. All tape recordings and all logs, transcripts, notes,
“4 reports, memorandums or any other written record of or reflecting
ie any surveillance of any kind whatsoever on the Committee to Investi-
ny gate Assassinations (CTIA) or any person associated with it in any .

way.

This is meant to include not only physical shadowing but also
-s mail covers, mail interception, interception by any telephonic,
electronic, mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with
third persons and the use of informants. .

.wecords pertaining to, any alleged or contemplated, -
“witness, “ine itluding any statements, transcripts, reports, ¢ or memoran’: |
"duns ‘from any source whatsoever. a te ee ern an

14. All correspondence of the following persons, ‘regardless:
of origin or however obtained: :

. Bernard Fensterwald
7 oe Percy Foreman
- Robert W. Hill.
William Bradford Huie

a James H. Lesar
Albert Pepper
Carol Pepper
James Earl Ray
Jerry Ray . .
John Ray - - 7 2. Tees
J. 8S. Stoner
Harold Weisberg

" "45. All letters, cables, reports, memorandums, or any other
form of communication concerning the proposed guilty Plea of James
£arl Ray.

16. Ail records of any information request or inquiry from,
or any contact by, any member or representative of the news media
pertaining to the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
since April 15, 1975..

17. <All notes, memoranda, correspondence or investigative re-
ports constituting or pertaining to any re-investigation or attempted
re-investigation of the assassination of Dr. King undertaken in 1969 _
or anytime thereafter, and all documents setting forth the reasons
or guidelines for any such re-investigation.

28. Any and all records pertaining to the New Rebel Motel
and the DeSoto Motel. °

49. <Any records pertaining to James Earl Ray's eyesight.

20. Any records.made available to any writer or news re-
porter which have not been made available to Mr. Harold Weisberg.

21. <Any index or table of contents to the 96 volumes of evi-
dence on the assassination of Dr. King.

22. A list of all evidence conveyed to or from the FBI by any
degal authority, whether state, local, or federal. .

13-00000 - .

ean Seen

en ee . wl ee
CE
yi: ” , :
oP et . .
ei oe . .
*. | toes . - . °
ae 4 .
os . °
. = Ss
x .
eo LTA pte cn ee ag te MO See Ne eee es
Be Le 23. m1. reports, notes, correspondence, er memorandums
ue

. *" pertaining to any effort by the Department of Justice to éxpedite
the transcript of the evidentiary hearing held in October, 1974, ~
on James Earl Ray's petition for a writ’ of habeas corpus.

Agre
fore

ooh

sort

POA ew

24. All reports, notes, or memorandums on information con-

=~! tained in any tape recording delivered or made available to the

“#BI or the District Attorney General of Shelby County by anyone
whomsoever. All correspondence engaged in with respect to any in-~-
vestigation which was made of the information contained in any of

the foregoing.
25. All records of any contact, direct or indirect, by the

“gp!
- FBI, any other police or law enforcement officials, or their infor-
ae mants, with the Memphis group of young black radicals known as The
EE Invaders.
| A -
os 26. All records of any surveillance of any kind of The
a ° Invaders or any member or associate of that organization. This is -
: Kea meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail covers,
aan] mail‘interception, interception by telephonic, electronic, mechanical
. a or other means, as well as conversations with third persons and the
A use of informants. .

. 27. <All records of any surveillance of any kind of any of
the unions involved in or associated with the garbage strike in
Memphis or any -employees or officials of said unions. This is
meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail covers,
mail interception, interception by any telephonic, electronic,

- BS ae :

a mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with third
RS persons and the use of informants.
“oy 28. <All records containing information which exculpates or
54 tends to exculpate James Ear] Ray of the crime which, he allegedly

committed.

This request for disclosure is made under the Freedom of
Information Act, 5 U.S.C. §552, as amended by Public Law 93-502, °

4
easy

or
eee

ft.
es

he
a 68 Stat. 1561.
2 Sincerely yours,
“4 -
sed Jim Lesa
z
x

i
x

A frt% %e.
Hee Stas
‘

13-00000 °° - a ,

INTERNAL
USE ONLY .

REQUEST NUMBER

~ 75 -

DATE SENT

8 A ug.

“TO: (Officer desi “re ee
roe eer on : -OFFICER’S | COMMENTS (Number each comment to show . from -whom |

INITIALS to whom. Drow a line across column after each comment.)
RECEIVED [FORWARDED] = aor a ls

Pls review ‘the attached:
rejease to the: requeste
a ‘Thanks...


13-00000, :

REFER: » RTE

GONFIDETITIAL

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DATS OF INFORMATION: 1 - 30 April 1956 a - 4
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DOCUMENT AS RE


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- every other written. Constitation for excellence of its echena, ite
@izplisity, tha preoiaion of ita lenguage, and. ite judicious. nixture

"It's ine ‘to think" written oy ERNEST GRIFFIN, Incapetdes
froa.Vairbenzs, Alacka, for tha House of Representativess *

' Quoted below are portions of another arti

ease "Today thore scems to be livtle or ‘no attention paid to’ tha

Qleratica of Inuopendcace, or tha ‘Wagro people eo citizens of |
thase United Statoa." a «4 @ (In roferonod tothe Conatitutioan
the Unitea Statoa) eo @ @ PAl though this Constitution. Peake ‘shove

“of dofinitenses in principle, it hog beconma a neglected Conotitation.® eee

CONFIGENTIAL.

so . : ans


tho ayatea of co: or ‘ce
_upoa which Fests tha open shop. structure. of tho Right

; Alco. eppooring’ in wis 4osus 19 ea erticle. rel
Catholic. Worker hao ‘protested, ths: pedloeking of. tho. Patty Morkor vy a

bo erticle appearing under the caption Auto ‘lorkere Tex’ ‘Hossa , Pay a
Isclinoa* refleote tho “demand for a 30 hour. ucok. at. 40 houre: ae by
‘the Ua, Ford local 600, end ths AFL-C10. n g
caption “Exployecat Falling Off; Proauctivity. 19 Increasing", “quotaa:
JOH CLARK, preoiacat. of tho. International Union of: Hins,: WALD ond, .
Saslter Workers, oo, stating that bis union “Intends to do ‘eonathing® -
ebout écolining exploymcat in- the metals Andustry Alco est. forth in
thio deecs of the Alacken Lebor Defender ie the! *platforn® : f DOIALD .
- VW, BOLTON, Incspendent Csnaidate for the Senate, ENNEST GAIFFII, KIEE

; peLLinria, end HIILO KAPOI, Indapendont . Candidatca. for. the Rouse of
Roprescatatives.. Two. of tha isouco iicted on tha ®piatfora® ero "Stop
tha governzsnte thought -contro) witoh hunt whicn te pushing dnsrice

CONTICENTIAL


CONFICENTIAL
ths HG ve ¥


TO 36: ©« «Chief, SR
mou t Chief of Station, Anchorage

aummat REDWOOD/Operational
spccinc)«=C fs Transaittal of Extracts taken from AAC Counterintelligence
Report - April 1956 ;

mmc |

Submitted herewith for your information and retention are Extracte
taken from the AAC Monthly Counterintelligence Report covering the period.
1 = 30 April 1956. The information pubaltted is only that which deale
with CE Activities in the Alaskan Theatre. ,

7 | - fox 4 haere

Attachment:
Extracts from Keport, in dup.

ee
Distribati EULL TEXT. COPY, — DO NOT. RELEASE
Ld ont ;
S-Heedquarters w/attach as noted.

Dim CSI, aac
DATE QF IMPORMATIGN: 1 = 30 April 1956
ATR OF REPORT, 1h May 1956

-. Beteeste of interest teken from the O31 ¥ f lisgense
Report ‘aro es fellows: ,

weber arrives ia Alecin. GP acubder confined in Poterval
Aotivities of edsvereites


13-00000

CONFIEENTS

ost CONMENT: The CHARLES PARKER mentioned above is beiieved
Gare individuas ae CHARIZS LINCOLH PARKER, who
resigned a comzissicn in the U.8. Naval Reserve because of .
edaitted pro-Russian syapathios. BOYKO's continual agitation,
past association with Communists, end apparent association
with PARKER, certainly pleceo both {ecivicwals in a category
which io, at least, highly questionab

4. Wurther inquiry cerning ESTHER ENCSLEWSKT revealed she
recentuy divorced WILFORD F@AVOY and reportedly returned to tho Homer,
Alaska aroa.

OSI COMMENT: .Liaison has been effected with another govern-
went agency in the Minelchik area in en offort to cotermine
the prosent whereabouts of SULJECT.

S. The Alaskan Labor Defenscr, a monthly nows publication, has
recently reappeared in the Fairbanks area with ito first publication
Gated May 1956. Previous editions of this newspaper appeared in the
Pairvanks area in carly 1955, but it was discontinued after publica-
tion of two editions dua to the refusal of a local printing firm to
print subsequent copies. Among editoriale appearing in the Alaskan
Labor Defencer are several articles condensed from the "MILITANT," a
publication of the Socialist Workers Party, which is cited by the
u. ae oy ae) by al as subversive. One erticle quoted a speech

a at «rally held at Carnegie Hail 1a Hew York on
ar Rareh ~ wnich relates, in referring to the Mentgonery,
bus protest, # # # "Led by clear thinking, thoy (the oeres} bh have di dis-
covered that the race problea was at bottoa an economic problen.
Umrittingly they have discovered Earl Harz." # # # (In referring: to
EARL MARK, they were probably referring to KARL MARI, co-auther of
the Commnist Ranifosto)

Quoted below are portions of another article under the caption
"It's Time to (hink” written by ERMEST ORIFFIN, Independent Candiaate
fron Fairbenks, Alaska, for the House of Representatives:

© © "Today there seems to bo little or no attention paid to the
e asde by tne foundere of this now nation, the Conotitation,
the ation of Inuspandence, or the Negro people ae citisens of
these United States.” « « » « (In reference to the Constitution of
the United States) # # © “Although this Constitution ranks above
every other written Constitation for excellence of its scheme, its
simplicity, the precision of ita language, and ite judicious mixture
of definiteness in principle, it has become a neglected Constitation.” # # #

CONFIDENTIAL


13-00000

peneymcatts|

* # "But we can be destroyed when wa lose faith or
iteelf seems like a story told by a mad man, as it sust seca to the
members and supporters of the White Citisens Council......
The Negro people of the South have been eerking tims, naking
excuses and accepting conditions that exist in 41
brave man in Alabama turned what seened to be a
. tunity by having courage enough to challenge the J

a
gti
i

Quoted below is a portion of an editoriai uncer the caption "The Longest
Picket Line in the World", aiso appearing in the May 1956 publication of .
the Alaskan Labor Defender:

# # #® 'Every union local, evory worker in office, factory or work-
ahop, must make it a personal obligation to take action now! Thies is
no time for passing the buck! This is the tine to collect it and send
it to the Montgomery Improvement Association, care of the/ev) M. L.
X king, Dexter Ave. Baptist Church, Montgomery, Alabapa.'

The above statement was issued by Ferre. 8, presidential
candidate of the Socialist Workers Party, and refers to the 50,000
Negroe in Montgozery, Alabama who are in e struggle against Jia Crow
on the buses of that city." # 4 4 .
* # @aActually the struggle goes deeper end wider than that. The
present wave of race terror and hatred in the South is ceing fanned by
the White Citisens Council. Wnat is not genarally known is that this
terror is directed against any white workere who dare to solidarise
with Bogroes. The murderous White Citisens Council are not only rabidly
Jim Grow but Anti-semitio and Anti-labor. ‘heir aim is to preserve :
the syston of color segregation and siscrimination as tha foundation ;
upon which rests the open snop structure of the "Right to Mork” South®. # # «

Also appearing in thie issue is en article relating that ths
Catholic Worker has protested ths padlocking of the Daily Worker as a
violation of the freedom of the press,

An article appearing under the caption "Auto Workers Take Hous Pay =
Declines® reflects the “deaand for a 30 hour week at 40 hours pay” by
the UAW, Pord Local 600, and the AFL-C10. Another article uncer the
caption “Employment Falling Off; Productivity is Increasing", quotes
JOH CLARK, president of the Internationa: Unien of Mine, Mill and
Smelter Workers, as stating that his union “Intenus to do something®
about declining employment in the metals industry. Also set forth in
thie {esos of the Alaskan Labor Defender ie the “platform” of DOUALD

oe ee we

G9 FUNLYady

aad -0Uy:

W. BOLTON, ndent Candidate for the Senate, ERNEST GRIFFIN, MIKE |
DOLLINTER, and NIILO LAPOMEN, Independent Candidates for the House of Ss
Representatives. Two of the issues listed on the "platform are “Stop = =!
the governasnts thought-contro)] witch hunt which is pushing America iS

m

CONFICENTIAL

-j)-


13-00000

CONFIEE TIAL

down the road to dictatorship", and “Eliminate the government's
Blacklist which has placed 16 million Americans, through 70 govern-
ment agencies, on Security Suspect Lists. Restore Freedom of Speech
to all*.

The Editorial Staff of the Alaskan Labor Defenaer is listed as DOW
HOLTON, ERNEST GRiFFIN, MIKE COLLINTER, CARTER PAGE and EMIL HYYTUNER.

Mailing address for this newspaper ie P. 0. Hox 1915, Fairbanke,
Alaska,

OSI COMMENT: Aithough there is no evidence that this newe-
paper 15 associated with the Communist Party or ite front
organisations, it is interesting to note tnat in many articies,
the paper has quoted publicationa or officials of organisa-
tions which have been cited by the U. 5. Attorney General as
either subversive or Communist infiltrated and controlled.

_ It de further interesting to note that MIKE COLLINTER, an
editor of this newspaper, and ROY BATISIB, owner of the Fair-
banks Recreation Center and Cafe, the only advertiser in
this edition are both listed as Category I, Alaskan Command
Surveillance List.

1

it
i.
|

ee

CONFIDENTIAL
AA

ta

*For further guidance regarding exemptions, pléase see DDA-75- 5943;
16 December 1975 (Privacy Act) and HN-70-21, 14 February 1975 (FOIA).

We chjtchin fo Atle eet Of unmarki¢l ~ aur
COMMENTS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: Mane onarced X thontd be Witgiclt

' Chat O10 fecn{o— " Document No. ¢
IGNATURE OF REVIEWING OFFICER & OFFICE (To be completed by ISs/PICG)

’ installation a

_ Name’ ‘of CIA employee
‘File number - :
Pseudonym : : ot ; wo
Cryptonym ,
‘Internal organizational data

. Name of an FBI agent (1) (6) ma :
-FBI file number _ (5) (2) (b) en
-Privacy of other individual (3) (1)-(£)- : f ;

||
“Exempted portions -
are not relevant H
; to the requester"
Information from another Government, agency. (b) (1) © (5) (1) (e)
‘Other, specify: , ; ; a ae

Does not pertain to- request

E 2 IMPDET CL BY:

O UNCLASSIFIED (-] CONFIDENTIAL , [_] SECRET [] top SECRET a |

(20)


13-00000

oe = Me 75 004
sp gga a TS IZ T
RR er AS APBS
UNITED. STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 7 . IS G66F
| .PEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Foe _ Te- SES
, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20835. _ or
7 . a 7 _ “bps. + ay,
May 10, 1977 - Tre BY COURIER |
nee > Freedom of Information Act Coordinator . :

. Central Intelligence Agency a
Washington, D.. Ce

- . L a t \ .

Attention: ‘Gene F. Wilson
7 ; _ Room. 2E 42

roms i Clarence Me Kelley, Director Q a

| Subject: FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (poza). oe
REQUEST OF MR. HAROLD WEISBERG CONCERNING |
» me COMMITEE TO INVESTIGATE B ASSASSINATIONS wa

; ee “Enclosed herewith are a copy Of ‘correspondence |
- from’ captioned individual and two copies of each’ document
i iginated with, your Agency -, _ . .

;, please indicate...
A and: cite the =

1a | 1 w ma


13-00000

a
ae Be "JAMES He LesaR — .
ne ATTORNEY AT LAW pb
th sna: , f : + + $831 FOURTH STREET, S.W. +L a :
aoe _ WASHINGTON, D. C. 20024 .
‘TetcrHone (202) 484.6023. |
December 23, 1975
-- FREEDOM. OF | “INFORMATION REQUEST. Boot
Mr.‘ Haroid Tyler, Sree SOP :
Deputy Attorney General Me Ee Tyee er ma, a
_ U.S. Department of Justice ae «Se
Washington, D.C. 20530, wo Be ed
— Dear Mr. gyler: ae nore

_e

‘on behalf of Mr, Harola Weisberg, ‘I am. requesting that you er
grant him access to the following. records pertaining to the. ‘assassi-
ae nation of Dr.. Martin buther King, Ire t.
le “All. receipts
momorancume OF: other.

.

for. any letters, Gables, documents, reports,
communications in any form’ whatsoever.
ALL receipts

for. any ‘items. of physical evidence.

ums on. ‘the’ ‘results of any” ‘tests |


13-00000: .

games G. Beasley

Clay Blair

ae David Galeutt) fed URN Teno ge ttl Macca peti cp
- Phil M.. Canale... ; Po re

John Carlisle

Robert K. Dwyer = = ce _ oe a

_Gov. Buford Ellington
. , Michael Eugene.
_”. Percy Foreman Ue Rea
». Gerold Frank ~- 9 0° 7 a

' Roger Frisby .

Arthur Hanes, Ince

oo arthur Hanes; Sr.
“:’W. Henry Haile .

William J. Haynes, Jr. |.
Robert W. Hill, Jr.

'., William Bradford Huie ~~ 7 Cs ee

George McMillan

William N. Morris
 . Jeremiah O'Leary —
'. David. M.. Pack °

<e. or: records of other” ‘communications’ per~

of James: Earl Ray | exchanged between the:


13-00000

‘10. ALL. ‘notes. or niemorandums pertaining ‘to. any ‘telephonic .. vs foe
or verbal communications from or on behalf of the District Attorney

-, General. of Shelby County, Tennessee,: or the Attorney General‘of 3 > -~-

Tennessee (ta the Department: of Justice or any division thereof .

a. All ‘tape ‘recordings. and all logs, transcripts, notes, :

- reports, memorandums. or any other written record of or remeeting
any” surveillance, of: “any kind whatsoever of the following. Persons.»

" Juage. Preston Battle
_ Wayne Chastain.
“Bernard Fensterwald
.. Perey Foreman...
-Gerold Frank .
-\ Arthur Hanes, Ine
:- Arthur. Hanes, ‘Sree al ;
cu, :Renfro HayS 98 ee et
~ Robert W. Hill; Jr. 00 oe Loe
/ William Bradford Huie CO
“-" James H. Lesar: |. re ee
~~ Robert I, Livingston (00.

‘wv Lis

13-00000 .

:b3.° .ALL. ‘yecords. pertaining to. any alleged. Ox “contemplated. “eta
‘witness, including any statements, transcripts, reports, or memoran-"
“ums * from any source whatsoever « - . ee wate ee

ee
~

14. -All correspondénce of the , following: persons, regardless 7
; of origin or however obtained: — oo oe oe

oe Bernard Fensterwald
“"  * Percy Foreman. _
(so. Robert W. Hill” ae
uc _ .. William Bradford Huie_

” James H.. Lesar

_ 1 - Albert Pepper
- Carol Pepper —
i... James Earl Ray -
a. Jerry Ray =, a
a | oe: B. Stoner ae Do oe
_ : ., Haxold, Weisberg

I sy ALL letters, ‘cables, reports, memorandums, or any othe a
form | of communication concerning the Proposed guilty ‘Plex of James


13-00000: .

at . a a ny cae

of 23... All. reports, notes, correspondence, or memorandums :
: pertaining to any effort by the Department of Justice to éxpedite ~
_.the transcript of the evidentiary hearing held in October, 1974, °°
, On James “Earl Ray's ‘petition® for" ‘avwrit: of. habeas” CORPUS. ss wl aay =

_ ae 24. ALL reports, ‘notes, or jemorandums on: information con-
‘tained in.any tape recording delivered or made available to the.
- FBI or the District Attorney General of Shelby County by anyone
_{| | whomsoever. ©-All correspondence engaged in with respect to any in-
‘vestigation which was made of the information’ contained in any. of -.
‘the foregoing. | : ey oo, a Do,

an an a5... All records ‘of any contact, direct or indirect, ‘by ‘the _
BBI, ‘any. other police or law enforcement officials, or their infor~'-

_ mants, with. the Memphis group of young black radicals. known as The
7 Tavaders: :. ; ae Poo ow: a
oo, 26. All ‘records of any surveillance of any kind ‘of The |
*, Invaders or ‘any member or associate of: that organization, ‘This.is ..

“meant... to. include not only Physical Shadowing but also mail covers,


13-00000

we .. RON Ak a okey . C . OQ a
_ oe . sarortes . 7 : °

. | XT ‘EX Sse ATES GG, ER. NENT — : -- .
aie “cemorandum
Acting
TO e/ Diredtor, FBI ( ) pave: = 11/13/72

—_

FROM ‘Legal Attache, Bonn (105-7501-1779 » RUC )

SUBJECT: SEREARD " FENSTERWALD, JR.
S-EG
r {oe WFO)

Enclosed is one copy each of one

~ inem(s) pertaining to subject received from Bureau Source 300. For details and
reporting psocedures see Form BON-6 attached to enclosed.

Request enclosure(s) be translated

vue, ne 7

3 — in summary (7j verbatim and enclosure(s) and translation sent to interested
7 ficid division. fs,
. ef
‘ _¢ : a
te FROM ; TO “y fe
ae BEARD FENSTERWALD ’ JR. DR, JULIUSXMADER hg
x ” . Law Offices Mauerstrasse 69_. \ _
‘0. * Fensterwald & Ohlhausen . “1066 Berlin W.66.
NO! 605 16th Street, NW.
iN : Washington, D. Cc. 20006
S.. REMARKS:
nS “* The enclosed is a form letter directed by JULIUS MADER
Ny 2 (Bufile 100-169674), Mauerstrasse 69, East Berlin, to subject
_ * soliciting the latter to buy MADER'’s book, “Yellow List: Where
we. 7 is the CIA?" and furnishing an order blank for this purpose,
ws ; _
we) ‘ Subject encloses the order blank, indicating he wants
% ‘“ 4 one ccpy in English of the above book, and his personal check
w 3 ain the amount of $2 which shows the designation®’Committee to
~ —~ Investigate Assassination,"
a FF a reo |
- at. SURE vexcat 5} NOT — co “+f
ENCLO {45 nec 15 1972 ‘ -
ae oe tureau. (ine. 1) : . —_— on
1- KXX Foreign Liaison ‘Desk . ao _
2 - Bonn a NOS ana ’
12 ~ 195-7501-1779 ON . }
Sgbtu; Swe 5-4658 rf a
\ VLG? 53 Se Vy : ‘a
; (5) . 7 J 44
peuricecess esse sis a [-
ay oe f « a ee re ° . {.
v | [.
tas I

13-00000_ - a, ey H
.. a . o . mo. ot . . ; . . : 7
“4 wf : 7 « ao. . . i

« o a +. . |
BOX 195-7501-1779 _ | -
A check of Bonn's indices reflected a reference to the ve ate
“Committee to Investigate Assassinations, Inc,," 927 15th St., ie
‘N.W., Washington, D.C., which came to attention in connection -. l
. with Bonz:'s destroyed file regarding "Committee for ‘The . ov OEE
Investigation of the Three Assassinations’: Information =~... aif:
Coneerning -- Miscellaneous (FPC)" (Bufile 1685-26234), -Bonn: | | an | S,
indices are negative concerning subject. ~ re Tbe
mea ee
ath.
ye
ne
Ot .
. Le
= oo
“

: yr


13-00000 . a .
* bey Ake Pe alle _) as . ‘ , mo . ° .

- CONFIDENTIAL

Attached is ane copy of a communication being sent to an East German
address. is item was obtained from Bureau Source 300, which is tobe
deser.bed in communications prepared for dissemination as “another govern-—-

“went agettcy which conducts intelligence investigations.” The item is classified
CONFIDENTIAL by the originating agency and bears the special marking |
“i arhing Notice - Sensitive Sources and Methods Involved.” :

Permission has been received from the source to disseminate this”

“infors: ation to United States and foreign agencies provided the information is —
appropriately classified and paraphrased in a manner which will fully protect

the nature of the source. Verbatim quotation fromthe attached material and use
ar compleie, exact, foreign addresses set out. in attached material tend to

| indicate the nature of the source and are to be avoided when preparing com-

‘munications for dissemination. Permission has been reccived from the source |
to withhold the special marking “Warning Notice - Sensitive Sources and Methods
Involved* irom Bureau communications containing properly paraphrased versions

of Bureau Source 300 information.

CONFIDENTIAL

CATION —~

Ubon. (cist oy  “indéfinite
eae, ceed eh tet aan tn as coe AE ceeete ew ceterer cr ater S
EGCLOSURE a

6A - “ME fr 7


13-00000

va! > ares beta e RAL Identificaticn includes me ¥
WARRING NOTICE-SENSITIVE. al data in this block a IS; a 43

wSOQURCES AND METHODS | IN’ _«S¥ED Lo . . _ HOR ee eae

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cae ODES ee oe pend SEP

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13-00000

' . ,

AMERICAN POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS:

- A BIBLIOGRAPHY. -

oer eret teres
.

_” OF WORKS PUBLISHED

woe

teecetseet cae ne) oe eed ceemgeee tne tect ce pene yeenanie nes oats etem:

THE COMMITTZE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS ©. :

’
i
:
.
t

WASHINGTON, D.C.

COMMITTZE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS
1973


ee A

a

09 of Bourgeois Denocracyt The Right to Dany Rights.” Current Digest of the Spv=
fet _Preae, 1 January 1964, pe 25, ° ;
Tragedy,” Tablet, 30 Kovenber 1963, pp. 1182-1182, :
Assasainatiog,” Neveveck, 15 August 1966, pp. 30-33,

ved; second installment of the desth of a President." Zine, 2? January 1967,

Pe 38.- *
ond J, Tesney. “Sows Functions of Religious Ritual in Catastrophes Kennedy Assas~'

sination.” Soctotogtcal Analysis, 25(1964), 2120230,

caina, “that Dey fn Washington.” Philippines Herald Magstina, 23 January 1964,

PPe rs .

“Wha Might Pell on the U.5." Philippines Herald gina, 7 Decenber 1963, pe 12.
“Johnson Takes Over,” Saturday Rvening Past February 1964, pp. 17-23, .
Long Vigil." IV Guide, 25 January 1964, pp. 19-22,

d's yallow flowers.” Nevnveek, 2 Deceabar 196), pp. 36-37.
it vas November 22 again. eveveck, 30 Noveaber 1964, pp, 25-28,
ty of an Assaspination.” Reconstructioniat, 27 Noveaber 1964, p. 6. :
Brothat, “Desth has Pounced: Excerpt from Tongs of Jeopardy." Denlaicsna,
Septenber 1965, pp. 9-12,.
e@and after," Chieistien Ceatury, 80(1963), 1487. . .

&, le “Reflections eur ue Tragedie.” Istiona, Senuary 1964, p. 27.
aitephen A. "The Kennedy Assassination,” Feychomnalytic Review, 53, 00. 3(1966),

80,

§

» The Death of a President, Pessatc, W.J.t Minority of One, 1964,
ition Gives Impetus to id’a Gam BALL.” sdvertiain a, 2 December 1963, pp. 1-2.

lon of a Preaident, reprinted from Hew York Tires vi tro, by Anthony Levis.
‘New York a TS a " :

ia{nation of President John F, Kennedy." Current Digest o et Press
Decesber 1963, pp. 3-15. ‘

ination of President Kennedy," Rant Eu Jenvary 1964, pp. 25-26,

‘ination of Preatdent Kennedy, ars Teak 1963, ("Memorial Edition")
wminatfont Scena of the Crime,” Nevsweek, 4 Dececber 1967, pp. 313-32.
ainetions the Reporter's Story; What vae Seen and Read: Television, Rewspapers,

Hazesiners Jovrnalion'a Roles Unresolved Issues.” Colushis Journaliaa Review,

Wiater 1964, : . :
tttoas the trial to a werdict; with report by G.R. Ford.” Life, 2 October 1964,
pp. 40-508, .

vay." Tine, 27 Decesber 1963, p. 18,

terval,” Newaveek, 6 January 1964, pps 1920.

Ida. “President Johosons Mordkorafssion,” Ixit Denmark, 23, no. 2(1964-65),

+6
the accrecy ta the assassination proba." 4S, Reve md World Report, 24 Peb-

ruary 1964, pp. 524, :
Padlest se of J. Thompaca and-J. Coonally." Time, 24 Noveabder 1967,
PP. TID0

ad to the Kennedy Fila.” Pile Cowment Hageeine, Pali/Winter 1967, pp. 39-44, -
» BR. “Asgasein,” Saturday Evening Pont, & December 1963, pp. 22-27.

en C, “The Assaneination of Presié-nt Kennedys A Seu ff the P: Cave:
Aan Arbor: veroity of Michigan Dept. of Journalisa,

P
Prane, “Dva Atentata.” Vjeanik, 24 Rovecber 1963,
» Autumn 1964, pp. 90-93,

o lian. “The Kenncdy Arsassination.” Vie .
orris A. Gime of the regressive right; the only reconatruction of th Kennedy
Assoneination that makes eease. Waphingtont Columbia Pub. Oe, LFO4.

Stephen By "Cerf Says Aseascination Book to Widen RennedyoLBJ Rife," Jale Natly
News, 15 Decesber 1956, pp. 1-3. ,

Anna, ‘Elnnkgyitkonshata) elndkvainsetantg, Budepeatt Kossuth Konyvkiado, 1964,
vid. “Truth was wy only goal.” Texan Oheerver, 13 August 1971, pp. 13-15,
Howell Casera Used for Assassination Filx. Now in National Archives," Image
Masarina, January 1967. .

> Ve SMore Light co the Kennedy Assansinntion (book review of Dis worthele thet
‘den Kennedy-Hord: wie wd vanm der Warpen-report luge, by Joachia Joasten).

New Times, 26 October 1966, pp. 20-32.
~ Tees Ue Jour ob Kennedy fut ansonning, Pariat ditions du Cerfaut, 1963.

:

Brand, Sergia, ‘81 Totuat Cicet" Cront 1? Decesber 1966, pe 12, :

. Bravo Vraneiaco, a a 8 Ouenca,
'° . e

Cole, Alwyn, “Assassin Porger.” Jourmal Forensic Sefences, July 1966 27202!
. “Compention of Curious Colacidences: Par ele in ves md beathe of we Lincola oad

| Mecha, Act "Retcen to Dallas, 25 Decanter 1967
eee ag ee ee
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“suai Brith, th Amniversary Service dedicated ‘im
ary to J¥iy Mitek
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ohn Fitasera

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catia! pragntacton Ravolscicnsrie, Direction Necioual del PURSC, 1963, :
:_ Noveaber motion picture). Group VI P:
eee conteapareee TILT tsebe si Metere)-- Crow VI Prolucttoua (released by Pathe

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eee ee ee

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etigetce ected with the 41 tizatt f the aneaasinat ident Joh o

ts Kernedy. «NoP 1963-64, .
ion of the resnnsination of Preatdent John ‘

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lot

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13-00000 eee

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wtver Ricatdo, fox viernes tragicos: Ageninato del doctor Jorge Bligcer Cattan Lit
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13-00000

ley Jo wost foul! The tre at mirdeved. dent Reon
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», :
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Maearine, 25 December 1966; & Jnsuray 1767. — : _
“Tragedy.” C,S, Neva _and World Report, 2 Decesber 1963, p. 6.
» Re “Crystal Ball: Condensaticn frou cift of Prophecy,” Reader’e Dineat,
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3d stories concerning the Death of a President by W, Manchester.” U.S, News end -

World Report, 30 January 1967, p. 36.

.
aan. Aasanaination: The Death of Prenident Joho P, Remedy. New York: New Aneri-
Libre.

cm ¥, 1943,

‘tpht. Dey: This Seing the Day_tn Novether the vord from Nallan ven Heard in
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1, Falesia, “A Nev Keanedy Theory.” Now Stateaan, 18 Navewber 1966, ps 735.

“nepact fron Hextco on Reaction to Join Keooedy To Tragic Death.” Catholic
Mrewearer, 3 Deceater 1963, p. 12. ; oe ..

tt
- “Re.
‘action in che South,” Nevaveek, 16 Decenbar 1963

_ Roberts, ¢. “Byevitnens in Dallas." Rewaveak, § Decesber 1966, pp. 26-25,

u

National Broadcssting Cospeny, Pere wpe 0 Preetden: Senden Bowe ;
“the Nations Roy Sorrevtat Bad,” “Tine, Rorebee i0tsn re tee , wie
Relaca, aay ton f Zeonedy hed Surviveds Life in Beapirator Might Rave Bees Sle Pate.”

Sogeles Tims, 7 June 1966, i. 19,
Now Assaseination theory: theory of s° Thompene,” 27 Novexber 1967, pp. 29=:

“Hew conflict over sesassinaten,” U3, Neve and World Report cembe
"Now Meat oo a jatsnninatioat @ eecret 73 a ater. . mn hese mad vert repere Me é
: PPe ° "
Nevaana, Alfred, The Assssninstton of tohs Y, Rennady, Zhe Reason Why, Sew York:
Nichols . paso Maprortere 1970, '
9 OE, Oo, ident Kennedy's Adrenals,”
“Hotes and ¢omsent." Rew Yorker, 1 beceanae 1963, a 28 ely 1947s Whe Ldet30,

“Novenber 22, 1963, Dalias: Photos by Nine Byee.
anders," £ jovenbe
“Now the Trumpet Susnona ABAloece™ Businees Week 0'R “a oa PP. sean m ir

Now the U.S. gates JIK autopsy.” 0,5 tess are
one Fs evs end Worle Report, 14 November 1966 G1,
. Eni "The Life end Death of Facusdy Hew Statesnen, 71, ao. isle (2966),
— ove Rise but hia," New Stateenen, 30 s
O'Toole: Dre eptenber 1966, pp, 679-481,
ore james K. “Mourning & President, Sozchiatric Quarteriy, 40 (1966), ?3%=

“Oa the Par Rights The Assassta, “ ,
. ation.” Cosmcaveal, 27 Decend ,
al wtgeetting of Contesporary Ulatory.” Atlantic, March i967, ee
wOrval ca Rigtortc Pharyee Hfes 10 duly 1964, pp. 26-31, a
e Beveve . er po. 1. uo
Pacis, Vicente F week decesb
ice, tent A. “Hate Campaign did ite Weekly Cr 2s ar 1963, pp. 2, 3,

Eeater-Dovnee, Holla, "Letter from London." Nev Yorker, 7 Decesber 1963, pps 196-198,..

“Paris: le Coup de. Dalles." Se.
Parlach « Stee ard 6 Dacaxber 1963, p, 817
. . Stross “Jacquelins 1 das Leben etnar Vitve.” Storm Magazine, 3 :
th
athologiet Sleuth Kecpens Kennedy Coatroverey; Suggests STK suffered from Addteon's

. Disease," Sclence Neve, 22

“A Permanent Record of th "tee yRoveabe

a near so ier le Vatched fren fi z 22-25, 1963." TV Guide, 25 January
elena, 4 “Plot to Kill Kenedy? Rush to Judgeent in Nev Orleane," Saturday Rreitag pe ming

“Pilgrimages to ¢; ‘
. ave of President Kennedys Shedow St411 Coat Over White House,” Ihe Tis

“Piety of it," t comb
De er 1963,
Pomeranta, Charlotte co * tation
e, Mo New
reread of Perhopcn® Hecate Sf RUSE fo Tors trata and wen, 864,
r le a

Posuony, 5.7, "Clearing the sin ie
if T. Nattonal 4
Name phetd ‘ "Praces @ Dalles." Cite re, 4 lone as yee28, We Ua 1A,
aassingted by « Gunman at Dal aa," watrat ‘P e Bovesb
aa negate duatrate di x es 3963,
rire dent Kenoeeete sntine Hows tote uit, ;? Movesber 1963, p, 6,
isonet ree . ig i cture}, Volper Production, Ballas Cinema dssociat
“Pricelese Role," Neewveeh, 16: Becesee Hass, Pe. cri 1963, He a.
oa °

“Priset of Aussacinatéioa Theories,”
Puche, Tavertes bane: enineto:
. taftea Ruen, 1963,

‘A Quiet and Sad Dey,"" Nevaveak, 3 Decesber 1963, p. 34,

Laquire, Decesber 1966
Gl _arainato de Fenne. ashes 0d~210.

‘,. Rand, Michael ¢
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reus, “Rush to Judguent.” Yair Lao Reveiw, January 1967, pp. 581-59)
e

. .
Reaction to Rilifoge." Scéance Neva Letter, 7 Decesber ise po 358,
$ cer, lo Be

"Reaction to the Asvaseina , °
tion; excerpts from reports to Christi e
Report Fron the Fetat Qeistlen Ceneerp, 80 (1963), TeLeet ER © OO corm
e Wot" Hevaverk, 23 Deceabar 1963, pp. 19-20,

” Reyes Monroy, Jone Lule, Rano are, : 1 eng 8 16 ORE
da ufdorn: Jah 1

. / del gran preatdente do_loe_Estadce Tides Se tpee pastoneh < spatens : : , =

ry

Rala: Tip, Nacional, 1965,

Roberta, Charlies W. the Fearne
Roberthoni AL "Hasaem e_Teth About the “Aaeassination, New York: Groasat and fumte- saeco


13-00000

18, Ve Mo tine fer enllective gutit.® Dads Rowe and World Resort, 9 teomber : 2
i963, p. 72, :

Ld .
te buy the Toport oa Kemsety Assassinet ion," 3.5. Newp_end World Repost, 12 Geto=
juiresats’ tices vith Mark Lane end Patle de Antents,® Ziln coment,
to gments A wershtion a and ta le
“Fall/Winter 1967, pp. 2-18, ;

ik, Bertrand, 36 Questions on tha Argessination., Paseate, R.J. ood. .

J, Yo “Doubts about Dallas,” National Review, & Saptember 1966, pp. 887-0088+,

» Martia BH, Bto-btbito, of the Kennedy Pantiy, New York: Searecrov, 1969,

‘Ayan, Mikheil, “Daikas, who? How? Whyt™  Spuend Nouthly Digest, June, August,
197, .

er, Plerre £6, “With Zenadys” Good Howsebneping, August 1966, pp. $767, 158,
160~168, 170, 172, 174, ;

= and Sander Vanocur, eda, A Tribute te John Fy Kennedy, Ghicagot Encyclopedia
Britannica Press, 1964, ‘

wey Marriage Z. “Who Killed Keonedy?” Progresnive Hazarine, Hoveuber 1966, pp. 16+
3

B. and J, Vickey, "Resolutions of the Libarel Dileewa in the Assassination of Praei@
_ deat Kennedy," Journal of Pernowality, Deceaber 1963, pp. 636-648,

Atauyuki, “New Light oo the Aoaassination: A Secret Agent's Story." S, Kews an
World Report, 8 Jume 1964, pp. 38-39,

@, leo. “As I vas Saying." Kev Lender, 9 Movenber 1964, pp. 813, :

.Sitimongkou, Fisnelang khattakam pret Anbthiphddt Komedi. Bangkok, 1964.

ingec,: Arthur M., Jre "A Eulogy: John Fittgareld Keanedy, Saturdey Bvening Post,
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t, Stecer nH, Bernadette, coup, The Trumpet summons HseJohn Py Keonedy, Wew Yorks
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ber, F.R. and HK, Herem, “Nowesber 22, 1963, « Paychiatrie Evaluation,” Science Digest, —

‘July 1963, pp, 39-61, .

Fa Alfred, “fm "Carousel’ Sitsen FBl~Agenten, Dalles nach dem Kennedy-Hord,” Der
Syteget, 17 (1963),76, ; .

len, Jeachin, "fer Nord von Dallas," Dfe Zede, 19 (1964), p. 3.

$ Friwer of Assassinat {oa Theories,” Es. uite, Hay 1967, pp. 104-107,

leon Tragedy." Saturday Eventn, Port, 14 Decesher 1963, p. 19. ,

Nact. Kennedy, susraini, Istanbul: Bligia Yeyinleri, 1967,

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 Revew and What They Can Teach Ua, Life, & Decewber 1963, p. 4 .

#00 6 Grassy Knoll: Fhotographic-analysie shows a0 New Evidence,” Time, 26 May 1967,

Pe 21,
fa Dallan” Saturday Reviev, 28 Decendber 1963, p. 26.
» Robact . The Relevast Queatton,” Saturday Reviev, 14 December 1963, p, 23.

TeMe, dee “Kena from a Dallas citizen,” ‘Lock, 24 March 1964, pp. 68+,

33¢ That Changed our Future.” Ties and Tive, 28 Kovesber 1963, Pp &

Le “Nealey Plaza,” Holiday, Kovenber 19€9, pp. 76-794,

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Garde, 1968, ;

, Georga W. wh Did They baranninace President Fennedyt The author (n.d)

It Meatery of the Mise ler Foe ferrin wre 1967, 9. 17. €

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160, :

‘By Theodore C, "Kennedy." Look, 10 August, pp. 40-504 24 August, pp. 3%=30; 7
Septenber, pp. 42-46, $1054; 21 Septeaber, 68-52, 57-60; 19 Octot CE, Pp,e 30-53,

Press Cement Polloving Kennedy's Death," Current Digest of the Sovtet Prene, 18
Decesher 1963, pp. 3-7, - : . ;

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ca, Allel R.  “trtbutes to John F, Kennedy," In Baird, A.C, od. Representative
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2 TTL oT e ttncae om thet trtocar.” Outlook, Februare 1966. on. <9.

' Themes 4
; le "ia Monde Libre ot 1e Crine de Deliss,* 7a

"Deo ‘Teafitache Spiel wn don Lensety-tieré, Der Trick den Uelthemmantons | Desthochone sont we:
it ten nie Pe 2g saa ne
"nate nation, wader Gods Cakenent ta odtzeze,” asters Digest, Semnary 1964, pp,

Thoupson, Josiah, con Ballag, Sev York: Bernard Cols oclates .
Theupaca, Thoeas, In Texas @ dae eo 2967, . ,
Woes tet 1963, pp, 325-52, |” AOMCiR ate Ladd to Rest, Ton” Joh,
Co A DIbI of Litera ;
Kennedy. San Antonio, Texea \

16 July, 23 daly,

it, 19 Novesber

the White Bost Rough
m rue en, Wesley “ ay le e: tate Jou oF tna Janay 1968s os aety,
le le ie
Tint betwee, s ae Teometen et raped ote ne Tan Bernard Geis Associates ad,
eee Investigates the Asesasination.” 0, 12 Daceabe
Richard heats ceaber 1966, p. 20, .
Tobia, ard Ae a Rig Can Keep Your feed Wen Al font You: Television and Neve

Associated Press

6!
wh Tragedy ond @ Challenge." Bustnens ek, 30 Roveab
* Neek, 30
nyrante Dey tm Texas." Sentor Scho astte, 16 Noveabar 1966. 6.°9, 22%
: fegic and of John PF, Kennedy.” US, News end World et, 2 Decesder 1963, pp. 31-92,
re, a tie ence een ny
(GerTRELE Heport, 8 Juve 1964, pp, 95-392) | NCEE Aneat'e Seory, x
Tupa, Stefan, Gallas; Declaratis at Tpoteze.* 12 Merch 1964 PP. 9~20,
z 7 ioMe Notes from Texas." Coomenveal, 13 December 2963, ». 337," ‘
urper, WV, stone vaneetee. a raralleley ensessination of HLL, King end J.P. Sevnedy,*
une jo 33-36, : :

tateed Pian eares” eattoaaL Review, 4 April 1967, pp. 335-336, ~

al. Bro hure Hovent

Ne Fase ront ee of 91] American

. 22 to 25, 1963, ieations a.d
Us. Congress, touse. Committee the Judicia Preservi, eviden ttaintn the
se. President edy: report to ac any HR. 9545, Washington:
“ den

45 .
Subpoena power For Covaission on Asess—
rt _from Cewsittes oo Judiciary to

Washtogtons G.P.0,, 196.

. e
es, aeeaeten, 1954, Mewnrial addreanes in _the Congress of the United States end
f Culogy of ,
fae Te ee! bn Kerne late President of United Sen: Washe

Unraveling the wystery of the assassinat :

: on of John PF, Kennedy; the of "
Rewa_and World Re Oc & the official story,” 9,5

"Untold: Stardcne penser iitarsate are tober 1964, pp. 35-424, ht

1964, pp. 58-62. Assassination,” ss News, end World Repore, 12 ccteber

Uruguay, Biblioteca del Poder Le \
Q) Bia lativo hi
Shenton Seats £u_feliciniento, Hoatevideor sam :
s at~Autkiarungs Welaocr Hann Gesuche.” De: "8p gel,
"USA-Kennady-Attentat: Mord tn der 5, bed a crespesi ee re tions oes aoe
: n ‘onne Spte
ngsA Trasldentenschutar Fenster eu." Der Solent Tee "is tise) eae 77-3.
one Abuse Deltas terres oe Conment, Fall/Winter 1967, ap, 47-53,
» & 0- Roun Rev Tlaea, 18 Ha: ae

Van Der Karr, Richard RK. Cttote 4a. Datiasy mbiatoriece rene Te eke ce ectae- stots

televieton broadcantere anet oo o ~


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Street Revives Foot After the Crisis." Jusiness eek, 30 Novesber 1963, pp. 28-9.

; ' “qemer, dean ren poeud,) “Letters from Paris." Rav Yorbar, 7 Decewber 1963, .
©, Bala, Whe Etiled the eidect? Rew t dverices Praes, 1964 ‘ « 133
c, Hen, “Big Bargain in Rifles,” Machanix Ljes trated 0, a0. 47 (3964), 89-91%, “Pree friend ead teat ta anaricat sense of shock and disasy at the despicable act, statensn
this Man Sane?" Life, 21 Februsry 0 PPe 2 . , Neve » 2 Dacesber 1963, p. 49. . ;
tngton Ostlook,” Business Week, 30 Bovesbat 1963," pp. 41-42,,109-110. Freateh, T. “An Avericen ot Teh: ag, 6 Aptil 1967, pp. 5e2-383,
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. Ryattetoun, Md: The author oud. ‘} ublic; scele] eommmication in erieia. Stanford University Preas, 1965,
—~. Pont Morten: supppeeced Kennedy Autapsy, Predarick, Hd., 1969, Creensteia~ I Fad tpeeciar Tessas at the opular Images © President." ienea ieee seen ‘
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™. Multevanh 11, the Fat-Secret Service coverups Byatteville, Md., 1966, Hebe, Hans, stomy of Hat be d d. Londont Harrap, :
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p RoJo “Kanpady aseaneinstions with editorial comment.” Saturday Evening Pos be a 34, 36, 61, 64, © i
14 January 1967, pp. 19-25, 78, ‘ Hepbura, Jenaa, “yereweli_Asarice. Belgium; Frontier Company, 1968, (Also in Corean ané
they sav that Dreadful Dey in Dallast Tastisony and Evidence Published." Neweveek, French tezts).
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the ehets cous New Republic, 28 Decenber 963, Pe 7. “In the Nation's fotarest; commasion to Investigate the Assassination of President Joha
Theodore H. * sareastnerien ee inquiry: slow, careful,” U,S, Reve_snd World Report, . F, Kennedy," America, 21 Decesber 1963,
27 January 1964, ps 49, legacy, the peop ople"e teak." oe ee oo 13 Decasbar 1963, pp. 335-336.
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« “One vished for a Cry, @ Sob...Any fumes Soun Sound.” Look (17 Novenber 1964: J?K leatet 27 April 1964, pp. bie,
" Meoorial edition), “Lingering dovbta; survey of public opinion,” Mevaweek, 6 January 1964, p. 19.
lled Kennedy National Review, 2 July 1968, p. 642.

McG41l, AZ. “Speaking outs hate knows no direction. Saqtuedey Evening fost, 14 Bacssber :
lled Kennedy? The Crucial Evidence." The Time, 9 October 1966, pp. 7-21. . 1963, pp. &. tad
Uled President Kernedyt Soviet Condolences,” New Times, & Deceaber 1963, pp. So?. “Der Mord von Dallas Hshat die Welt.” ape DIME, Berlin, 12 (1969), a0. 3, pp. 1-2, be
ste Blace?” Econoutst, 7 Decenber 1963, p. 1022.

"L*Oceidente @ 1s Morte di Kennedy.” ate di etudf politic! intermmazionali, Plorence, o
sary. ““Dallast Gat There," Nasional Cathelie Reporter, & January 1967, p. 10, 30 (2963), p, 3.
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Took (17 Noveaber 1964; JK Radojcic, Mircelav. "Kako je Amerika Priaile Veat o Zlecinu v Teksasu.” Politika, a
memoriel Edition), pps ll7-11d+. :

. 2) November 1963, p. 16010,
wid, "Ir Will Be Many Tears..." Good Housekeeping, February 1966, pp. 90-914, owwwwme, "Zasto je Amerike Cutala?™ Politika, 2 December 1963, p. 18017.
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fter New Year's Anerica: Minds in Ferment.

Rutland, Ve.: Tuttle, 1967.
8 January 1966, pp. 18-19,

Current Digest of the Soviet Presa, Sheatsley, Paul 8. and Norasn Bradburn. “Assessinetion: How the American Public tesponded

American Peychological Asso. Los Angeles, September 1964, pp. 1~19. (paper)
ld and the White House." ‘iew Statesman, 29 Novewber 1963, pp. 56-58. . Sheateley, Paul 8, and Jacob J, Feldaan, “The assassination of President Kennedy. A
Istened and Watched: Radio-TV ‘eets Greaceat Challenge in Wake of JFK Tragedyee.” Pralininary Report on Public Reactions and Behavior.” Public Opinion Quarterly,
Sroadcasting, < Decenbder 1963, pp. 36-61, - 28 (1964), p. 2.
mrs in doubt, fear, and hope,” Kevawees, 9 Deceuber 1963, pp. 56-58. "Soviet Press Comment Following Kennedy's Death.” Current Digest of the Soviet Press,
the-Spot."” Newsweek, 16 December 19 63, ap. 27-28, : 14 December 1963, pp. 3-7, °
ih, Ralph. “Seanory Perception,” Nevave weak, 16 Jaouary 1967, p. 6. . ' ‘Tamaza, T, Reply to H, Brandon's “Questions frow abroad,” Saturday Review, 27 Jue 1964,
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, . gultidisctolinary studies, New Yorks
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ay»
Wilson, J.J. Mood of the Nation, New York: Mareani & thneell, “1964, ‘
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ma Y Tokyo, by J, Blewett, Rome, by D, Campion, Washington, by S. Quinlan. Bogota, by ‘
foe, Guillerm. The World Before a Tomb, Bartelons, 1964, a dndrade. Milwaukee, by Q. Quade. Toulouse, by 7. Becheau, London, by A, Boyle.”
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|, “Questions from abroad.” Saturday Peviev, 9 May 1964. . . . C, WARREN COMMISSION
‘obert. “Rusala: Wo, No, This Cannot be True,” Look, 6 Decenber 1963, PP. 129- . :
130, . ‘ .
Gutle,"” .Cheistian Century, 82 (1964), 37-36, ' “ga Warren Inquiry starta; latest on the sssassination.” U8, Keres ond World Repo ty nN
, e Guilt fn the U.S.? Take = Lock at the World: with Excerpta from Addreos by . . Decesber 1963, pp, 2830,
Trrseton 8, Morton.” U.S, Mews and World Rererts 23 Decenber 1963, pp. 12-74, - “Me aasaseination: The Warren Report.” Nevaweek, 5 October 1964, pp. 32-40, 43-52, 57-60,
e or individusl guiic.” Us. Meun and World Hepart, 16 Decenber 1963, p. 30. : 63-64,
K “Reaction of Freenchvol Children to ) the Ansassination of President Kennedy." “autopsy on the Warren Counfenion: Tine Pesay.” Time, 16 Septesher 1966, pps 5453.
torn Children, November 1964, pp. 100-105, ° “Between two fires; Vrs. Oswald's teatimmy to Warren Comsissica.” Tine, 14 February 1964, |
wrt, Livingaten. Laetarna etotcha de Pel Aneteny rerortajes den pextediata | ” ppe 16-20, .
~enseann decade do Manhiege * A ta trurrte ce. lei Li, Kennedy, : ~ Hea tco? Editorial Bickel, Alexmder,N. "Failure of the Warren Report." Conwenta derdl 1967, pp. TaBe
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OF "Burden of guilt. Chetetien Ceneure, 81 (1964), 28). .

“Brava Wttle enna
hin, "The Kemedy Ageranination aa Viewed hy Cremntar Medte 9

fascennt aa-

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ait; A, arena . ts et : : ” the wo - - a
. Concarning Ls dg .
Come Aatheat fav Eat Bar ae Ese 2 Se tatty ype tae, etN'® CAtaetag
. Bey “Poataeript te Warren.” Snectator 27 Jens ieee are!

so : Warren 19 the Deck Who hi Ted Easy Pe 9%.

werree Sxsstotor,: 23 Seytenber 1966, pp, 3:
Jacob ’ a
» docebs sae Sesves Commtesion report and its Gritics.”. Frontier, Novesber 1966,

—~. “What the Warren report ontte: vi .
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OR 0 Varren Compia 2 HMundale a Nation, 11 July 1966
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_* BPs 705-735, fea '

5

on Some mimevered questions” Nation, 23 June 1966,
we - Varren sion
: ve Mere Feporti testimony of the ayevitnesses," Ration, 20 June 1966, —
we Varrea Report and the Urreccneilablea:: Thao and
ra Kear” pitts, 26 Pabruary 29668, pp 277-281 Of Sontah Tenveen ang Sylvia
e @ ot al. Critical Reactionn Oo the Verren et. Kev ¥,
aa slay asi, eee ate, the V, Report. ev Yorks Mareant 6
oe Re epeachers." Newaveek 19 October
a, Robart f. “Why the Wy Comiseio?™ ef 1964, 9, 40
* Pre at7599 jarrea Comission? ew York Univeral Lev Review Mey 2965,
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.. haseater Pe os dences The Varren Scpost ond ite Critics, Mew Yorks
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md groving dows queetionin ‘
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tat the ¥: :
PP. ee report will show,” U.S, News and Yorid Peport

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Waadantinn the Dannos weeeme OM Ane - tan ane


13-00000

Selere duty; comission to investigate th toation ef J, Remedy," ties, |
mi 33 podeaet 4] 1963, PP. 26-27, * areas

i : . 7 Getobes 1964,

i - Alone.” Morld Veok Negssinn,

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40,
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wriatotter, 10 October 1964, p, 227,

13-00000

i . :
on erty . ot . a a i . . . . . oy i. i . coe! a a , : . ;
wo . . ae ; er ; * rd 9 Febrensy 1964,9

trae Laer sided grideoce ca® fevewech, 9 Decesbar 1963, pp, 364, - oo ep OY Rampton, Inerray. “sey, tent You Raow 2 a on Coarse dex Bepeeltss 3. '
: Killing Discussed.” Scteuce Revs ieee ees Bag tl? 2284s pe dhe obey ee ee Mebatlahsne the steno. fecetater, 2h Octaber 1966, p+ $06-$67.
‘wer eety Stowe desper aud deeper.” Usts Neve and Verda hetghs oe as, tewte, Ries Tebresty ists oe 0. ee

ry le le

eh 1964, p,: 4S, . ° :
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Clea . ae . oa « e .
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-,
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: Devel ae gp wisentk uw artiods, 25 August 1965 wo 28 Decesber 1963, p. 9. oa :
: ge terpaee ; ” adcasting, 23 Deceuber 1963, p. 56. thee I
’ eet Qevald:  Reaponaa_au Rapport Narren, Parts: Les Réitions de Miowt, - | “Redio-TV Barred from Ruby Trial, rpteeetteks eet Narch Sobh, ps m, wht
Ces , . .

“Radio-TV Nevanen Testify in Ruby

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. ih Rallans a Fev Loose Enda," Reporter, 2 January 1 : “Serean Teast.” Reweweek, 10 February + Pe a8,

mt "” Ney York Review 9 Boke. Betober 15 _ ocee Auby- . Rgium: Beckers, 1967
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no 7 . 68-69
ogra asi arte ere nets Prk Pane trun, ain, = haere ne my Stage A 197,

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eee ‘ating Waterta About Ovvald,” J ° _ - Worthdogess racers mine Linaltgatt Why Jack Ruby's Pirse Erial Couldn't Mappen Were.”

Jem. A Mother tn i jou . Atte. March 1965, pp, 173-176, Worthington, Pe Fe A A
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@ Strange Worid of Marguerite Oswald,” MeCali'! : ou ALL Know He! I'm Jack Ruby, Beguire, May 1967, pp. 2 .

World of Lee Oewald: More Light on ; oan ;

B, October 1965, pp. 122-113,

the As “

Report, 16 Decenber 1963, pp. 60-62, *metnation aS Hove end vorld
Mhy_Lee Harvey Cov. h

* Kenoeg we been scqu ut, sO P. QUESTION OF CONSPIRACY -

Fonasdy. Pe TF) |
» Kerry ¥, mald. Chicegot New Classics House 196s : . . .
rom iasien.t Kev Repuslie, 29 February 1964, pp. "4s, . : ' “any number can play: questica Shee eee ation vas the work of one en.” |
iid Gell pa on Sudaetanennet Oswald." Now Leader, 22 Nowesber 1985, pp. 16-21, . ; ak, 7 Novesbe ad a Mectear Accasein, let Haws and Produce thett

1963, Pe a9 nose Sumxing up of the Werren Report." Mew Stategnan, 12 March on Berendt, arp arf vom : 1967, sa ee ( thes Nenes ;

M - ° . . A ave . .
the Suni, Marguerite Osvald's Teatieony.” Nevaveek, ? Decenber 1964, PP. 28+308, : Basson, Waldenar, “ome 3 wae won Dallane War eine WerechvSrrung des Hasces am werk?”
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, Cutlar, Robert. &, e_ Fit 9s Ev of rai Beverly, Mess.t Omi-

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; : . Epaceia, Edward J, Cowmterplot. New Yorks Viking Presse, 1969, : en
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28, serton a May R12 tha ” StKosy, R Lucy Freenm, Tha Two Assassins, New York: Crowell, °
teil?” sundae” on an + Heptenber 1961, b Hemata tale wer war lannedye WGrdarl’ Die cait, 29, no. 15 (1964), 7. .
“Sento 7) aa § aceober 1368, p. 8, . . . ae Alli, Richard + end Charles 4%, Boujaan, “Mews Bifiwions « Test of the Ragularity
mantes The eae aes Jack Ruby fesl Magazine, April 1967, pp, 40-62, \ a Hypothents,” Jourvalign Quarterly, 41, va. 3 (1966), Te .
Ppr id a ‘ast Madness of Jack Ruby, Tis tew Republic, 11 February 1967, t " Sarp, Iewin, “Debate over Dallast pngeries of John Bparrow and Sylvia Meagher.
"heat; te Bony oof atur Raviev, 9 Merch 1968, pp. e
itd deat; test OF Jack Ruby to the.Warren Comission,” Time, 26 Auguse —_ «| Lauzon, Ac” “Onwald enteil tod Kannady?* Hackan’a, March 1964, pp, 2-2.
%o De le ° one .

~ “A Hatter of Reasonable Doubt." Reva azine, 28 Janvery 1967, pp, 19-26.

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er. donne of Madneser People YO, Jack Ruby, ht aN ‘ : , " aman.” fweorica, ? Deceuber 196), p.. 722. ’
1968, sage aoa Hew Yorke Taltete, web, nyytheaharey mysteries ‘eathe of people involved in case,” Tipe, iu Rovesber 1966,

et and Wayne B, Giampietro, “the Trial of *State Canea*: A Postecript ‘ : " ne
7 . on th : pp. a
fbr Trial.” PePaul Lev Review, 16, 0, 2 (SpringeSummer 1967), 205-208, e "© “New Light on Second Asdessia Theory,” 0.8 and World pert, 29 may are uu,
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1967, p. 12, - .

onchia, The Truth about the Case of Jatk Ruby. Le Vértte , of : ria; who mucdered Kennedy?” Time, 25 Movesber 1966, pp. 3635.

fartas " Editima Casterein, 1967. Site Sur tetas de_ Jack Ruby i nena nth Renae jedigat™ Vacernji Sarajeveki 1iat, 24 Decesber 1964, pp. 2
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13-00000

"ten ose dastgat™” Hanchents Genet
“the Cross Fire thet Rilie President

Men, Jo Lea Harvey Cevaid Act without Belpt™ fs
s Jaview, @, wo. 3 (1965), 466-467,
siete. Cos een alone,"

eo" Sealoe Scholeetie, 7 October 1964, pp. 9-20,
on, David mM, a ©KALL JPR, “Chicagot Hoval Books, 1965
band I

Pe sane a of the Cr

Rew Tork: Canyon
ly David and David Lifton, “the Case

“4
Ff

Reva md World

for Three Assasaine," Janvary ‘1967, PP. 7701005
® plot wes feared when Kennedy wae Shot," 6
_ 964, @ 7. . . :

6 Jenuary

"Ge SIM GARRtsoN
the elenents.® Neveveck, 10 Merch 1969, Pps 36H. | |
tt

ry . a
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Nev Orlasne, April
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me *

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oma 1 e
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.. An Account of the Cl. Shav-Jin Garria Atfatr the
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eet le *

oo RES, aE

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* t @ converestion with the
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e
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tT 41,
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appa dent,
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7, Pe %

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'
i

ee ee en ee ee ee ate

my

. .
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Og! We MARTIN UDR RNG
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U . . .
ot . . ea ; : — 7
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8 .
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arene, rdoa Oe)
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: National Review, 7 May 1968, p. 432, , a
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13-00000

AUS, RODERT 7, KnOGDY

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?. Kean i Fone tad
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.
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nstoaa, BY 9 Trt Court Appearances Suspect Gives 1 $ {
Coa fidence. * Le _fogelen Tins, 9 June 1968, Pe 1, ree Sock7e arrogant
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E

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“Taking the oath,” Nevaveek, 25 August 1969, p. 47. : ;

“Test cane; responses Co psychological teats,” Newaverk, ? Anil 1969, pp. 94-95.

“Three Aanassinations.” Kinority of One, 10, no, 9 (1968), 1-16,

“Toward the Gas Chander." Tian, 2 May 1969, p. 19. _ . ,

Tomsond, Dorothy, "Witnens Reporte Girl said ‘We Shot Hin'.” Los Anrelee Tinen. 6 tuna


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28

"serdicr on Stzhen.” Mewrvesk, 28 April 1969, pp, 41+,
Weiss, PF, and M, Mernnes. "Reflections on a tragedy.” Savanteen, August 1968, pp. 294—

395.
“nat wae in Sirhas's mind?“ Tine, 26 January 1969, p. 54.
Weick, Pacl R. “The Cregon Privary.” New Renublic, & June 1968, pp. Af-15.

“Sin or lesa, the Primary Players.” Life, 7 June 1968, pp. 35-43,
Wiee, David. “Hew Bobby Plans to Wis te" Saturday Evening Post, 2 June 1968, pp. 23-27.
"Wirnesses speak.” Nevsveek, 24 June 1968, pp. 26°27,

Yeakum, Robert, “Kennedy and McCarthy: 1965-1967 Voting Record.” Nev Republic, 12 May

3968, pp. 2-27.

oo


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6

It's the first lie detector that
can be used on a dead
man. It works on tapes and
other voice recordings

9

by George O'Toole

if If .
Tre rulers of the state are the only ones who should have the privilege of lying, either

at home or abroad; they may be allowed to lie for the good of the state.
—Plato: The Republic, Book Three

It's a little frightaning. The machine can listen to what you're saying and tell, with

~ a high degree of reliability. whether or not you are lying. It's called the Psychological .

Stress Evaluator, and it is, in effect. a lie detector. Unlike the polygraph, it needs

: 0 physical connection to the subject; therefore it can be used without his knowledge.
‘ft works from recordings of his voice, so anything on tape, sound track or phonagraph

record is fair game for the machine. It is the first lie detector that can be used on

-adead man.

Early thig year, one of these instruments came into my hands. I resolved to use
it to probe one of the darkest mysteries of recent history, the assassination of President
John F. Kannedy. | set about collecting every recording | could lay my hands on

_of anyone who had any direct knowledge of the affair. Soon | had compiled the tape-

recorded testimony of twenty-two persons—eyewitnesses, Dallas policemen, the
pathologist who conducted the autopsy, members and staff of the Warren Commission,
Jim Garrison, Clay Shaw, and even Ear! Warren.

| ran the lapes through the PSE systematicaily, taking each controversial point in

‘turn. Did the rifle which balonged to Lee Harvey Oswald kil! President Kennedy?

Was Oswald the killer? Were others involved? What of those mysterious autopsy photo-
graphs which the Warren Commission never saw-—do they support the Commission's
lone-gunman, single-bullet theory? And what about the Warren Commission itself?
Did its members conspire to cover up the truth?

Stowly a picture emerged. It is blurred, and it is not the picture | expected. Not
all the details are there, but | guarantee this: you may believe the lone-gunman theory
of the Warren Report, or you may believe the government-conspiracy theory of Mark
Lane, Jim Garrison and others, but either way you are wrong.

The PSE is not a crystal ball. it was invented as an interrogation aid, a function
it pertorms weli. To my knowledge, this was the first instance of its use as a tool
for historical research. To understand what! did with.the PSE, one should know some-
thing about the device itself. .

| first heard of the Psychological Stress Evaluator last year, when | met two of
its inventors, Allan D. Bell, Jr., and Charles R. McQuiston. Bell and McQuiston, both
former lieutenant colonels, retired from Army Intelligence several. years ago to form
a company cafled Dektor Counterintelligence and Security, Inc. twas a logical second
career for the two men. Both are experts in the technology of espionage. Either one
could pick the lock on your front door in less time than it takes you to find your
key. Colonel Bell wears a Black Belt in karate, is an accomplished swordsman and
small-arms expen, and has a dozen inventions to his credit, from anti-bugging devices
toa miniaturized microdot camera. Colonel McQuiston is one of the foremost polygraph
expertsinthe U.S., aspecialist in radio and audio surveillance, and a qualified locksmith.


13-00000

polygraph. Standard polygraphs
ure four variables: pulse,. blood pres-

respiration arid perspiration. Some:

neasure additional physiological yati-
Tha more variables measured, the
raiiable the polygraph.
i and MeGuiston discovered that the
sncies composing the human voice
at fixed: they shift very siightly from
to fourteen times every second. But
ihe speaker is under stress, this nor-
requency modulation disappears.
remains are thea pure component fre-
cies of tha voice. And a strong indica-
rat the sseaxer is lying.
2 two men developed a device to
tthis phaacmanon and planned to use
an add:tiona! “channel” on the poly-
. Then trey discovered that the new
sale was so reiiaole and accurate a
ure of psychnatogical stress there was
no nees ts measure the other poly-
variad‘ss.
2d from the racessity of strapping the
ct inio a chair. stretching a@ pneumo-
ic tube 2c°Os8 his cnest, gluing elec-
ito his paims. and ciamping his arm
blood-pressure cuff, the PSE proved
much rno-e versatile than the poly-
. Because it can work from a tete-
! or tape recorder, the PSE can be

zal presence of the subject.
<ed Colors: Bell to tell me about some
things the PSE was being used for,
ially cases in which a conventionat
‘aph couidn’t be used. He. mentioned
S police i in Howard County, Maryland,
ween using the PSE for two years; they
1ad great success in establishing the
2nce of suspects who were afraid to
tto a polygraph examination because
machine's forbidding aspect.
| went on to describe some of his
ion’s other uses, actual or potential.
‘and the Federal government are ex-
jz its use as a defense against skyjack-
id telephoned bomb threats, and as
ns.of speeding up customs inspec-
Some doctors and psychiatrists are
PSEs to study patients’ physica! and
| stress. The National Committee to
igate Aerial Phenomena, a private
that investigates UFO reports, is
3ing the PSE to interview witnesses
) sightings.
ed Beli if he would lend me a PSE
zriment with, in order to writa a piece
the device. He agreed, with two con-
. First, | must take Dektor's three-day
in operating the instrument; second,
ssing the PSE, | must review my
station of its output with his staff, in
srest of accuracy. This seemed rea-
e, $0 | agreed.
sourse was held in the meeting room
oliday Inn in Falls Church, Virginia.

ght otherstudents.were employees .

tomers who had purchased the
. These included a private detective
tin Pennsylvania, a New York chain

ew Oe

African country. The. instructor was Mike
Kradz, a criminologist anc retired police
officer. Kradz projects tre tough-cop
image, bul he is a living rebuttal to the Po-
lisn joke. Tiere is nothing about forensic
science. from fingerprints to polygrapny. on
which the man is not an eapert.

The first morning of the course was
devoted to the physical operation of the
PSE. Tne device is used.in conjunction with
a Uher tape recorder. whicn has four speeds
and can be manually. wound back to locate
a particular point on the tape. The testimony
to be evaluated is recorded at a tape speed
of 7¥2 inches per second, therrplayed back
and stopped at the beginning of the utter-
ance in question. The recorder is slowed
to 1516 inches per second and piayed. The
sound, no longer recognizable as a human
voice, is a long, low rumbie.

The PSE itself is built into an attaché case.

‘The case opens to reveal a chart drive. sim-

ilar to an electrocardiagraph, and a number
of buttons and knobs. A single cable con-
nects the PSE to the tape recorder.

As the tape recorder reels slowly tum,
and a rumbie issues from its speaker, the
PSE stylus dances back and forth across
the moving chart paper, leaving behind a
ragged trail. Then the recorder is stopped,

. the chart paper is stopped, and that's all
without the knowledge or even the arn the pe abe

there is to it. The result is a strip of paper
with a squiggly line. The rest is up to the
human eye and brain.

On the afternoon of the first day, Kradz
showed us what to look for. The unstressed
voice fooks like an untrimmed hedge, with
stalks of different heights sticking up (and
down) at irregular intervals. But add some
stress, and that hedge begins to look
trimmed. The greater the stress, the

The more { read,
the more ! doubted -
the official account of -

what happened
that day in Dallas

9

smoother the shape. If the subject was
experiencing the hard stress which accom-
panies deception, the over-all outline of the
figure tends to take on a rectangular shape,
a concertina as seen by the player. Kradz
showed slide after stide of charts made dur-
ing actual police interrogations. He told us
the background of each case and pointed
out the tell-tale signs of deception, when-
ever they were present.

That night each student took a PSE back

to his room to practice operating it. Some
coordination must be learned to become
facile in handling the recorder and the PSE,
but clearly the difficult part of the course
would be leaming how to read and interpret
the charts.

The next day we learned the theory of

te over

swe) pee aw

the ‘PSE. There is, first of all, the matter of
the “oulside issue.” .
Most people, Kradz pointed out, have

some sort of deep secret they don't want - ,

known. When faced with 2 polygraph exami-. -
pation. a@ person may be more concemed = -
i this outsics issue may come to light -
then he is about the actual substance of
the interrogation. This can produce irrele- _
vant stress in some of his answers, and mis-
lead the examiner. Therefore it is is neces-
sary for the examiner to interview the sub-
ject before the examination, go over att of
the questions ha intends to ask, and assure’
the subject he will ask only these questions.

. Thad reason to remember this later, when .

| ran my first real interrogation tape.

The interrogation always includes the
question, “Are you afraid that ! will ask you
about something we have not discussed?”
A negative answer with no sign of stress
eliminates the outside-issue problem. Also, .
the examiner always asks some innocuous
questions, such as, “Do you like the color
blue?” in order to observe the subject's
general state of tension. And there is always
one “red-herring” question.

The red herring is used to identify the

“guilt complex responder.” Such a person .
shows stress when he responds to any
accusatory question. The examiner may
ask, “Did you steal the watch?” when it is
money, not a watch, that is missing. A
stressed denial will alert the examiner, who -
Carefully compares this response to the
stress produced by questions about the
missing money.

That night the class was given tapes of
real police interrogations. In most cases,
‘Kradz was the examiner, and in every case,
he knew the background and resolution of
the. matter. One case | was assigned con--
cerned a young man accused of stealing
money from his father’s store. Kradz started
by asking the “outside-issue” question. No,
the young man replied, he was not afraid
Kradz would ask him a question they hadn't
discussed. Then the following exchange ;

*took place:

“Do you live in Howard- County?”

“Yes.” —

“Do you suspect someone of having taken
the money?”

“No. w

“Are you wearing a white shirt?”

“Yes.” . :
“Do you know who took the money?
“No.”

“Are you wearing a ring?”

“Yes.”

“Did you take the money?”

“No.” .

There were a few red-herring questions
to check for the. guilt complex response.
The questions about wearing a white shirt
and a ring and living in Howard County had
been included to measure the background
stress elicited by irrelevant issues. =

I ran the tape and charted it on the PSE.
All but two of his responses were un-

stressed. The question about" suspecting: ~


13-00000

vearing a ring?” In fact, his yes to that
accompanied by such stress as | had

anly once or twice in the'class slides.

2 next morming Kradz called on me.
he suspect take the money, he asked.
£1 didn’t think so. Kradz nodded. Did
sspect whe took the money? Yes, |!
iht he did. Very good, said Kradz. Did
ce anything else about the interroga-
Well, yes, there was this business
t the ring. Perhaps the suspect had
1 it. Kradz smifed. No, the kid hadn't
ithe ring, but he was gay. He had

anged rings with another guy. Nobody

about it. The kid didn't reatly expect
asked about it, because Kradz had
over ali the questions with him. Still,
he ring was mentioned, he panicked,
1e third day of the course, !had begun
2 some thought to what | might do
1e PSE. | was particularly interested
fact that the device works from a tape
‘ing. Sound-recording technology is
ta Century old (Edison invented the
graph in 1877), and an enormous
it of history is stored on phonograph
s, sound tracks, and tape and wire
ings. t thought how many press con-
es, interviews and public pronounce-
are stored away in the film and tape
2s of the world, and how many ques-
ould be settled if we knew for certain _

situation, | wondered if it could be used
the way | had hoped, as a tool for historical
research.

During the lunch break I took Kradz aside
and asked him. Could the PSE be used out-
side interrogations, where the speaker was
telling what may or may not have hap-
pened? Yes, he said, the PSE could be used
for that. Where there was no stress, | could
be contident that the speaker was telling
the truth. However, when f did find stress,
' had to be very careful about reaching con-
clusions about its cause; it could result from
something other than deception. But if |

found a stress pattem in the testimony of
several witnesses to the same event, | would
very probably have uncovered deception.

Encouraged, ! reviewed the list of recent
mysteries. Watergate was, of course, the
first to come to mind. The ITT affair was
also of recent interest. The Kent State inci-
dent had never been fully cleared up. But
one subject seemed to loom above all the
rest—the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

Like many others, | have found it difficult
to believe the Warren Report. When Mark
Lane's book came out, !| read it carefully.
| read much of the other criticism of the
Warren Commission's findings. The more
| read, the more | doubted the official! ac-
count of what happened that day in Dallas.
{ waited for the real story to emerge. It didn't.

: x Voice prints by the | re
. Psychological Stress Evaluator rs

' of former chief justice eT
_’ Eart Warren in May, 1972

- Indicating hard stress on.
the words “no evidence.”

details of the controversy dimmed in my
mind, leaving only a dull residue of doubt.
t had despaired of ever learning the truth. -
Now { knew what to do with the PSE. .

It was all there: the statements made
before television cameras by eyewitnesses,
policeman, medical examiners, members
of the Warren Commission. Somewhere in
a network-television vault were the sound
tracks, with the tiny, inaudible variations in
voice frequency that could settle once and
for all the question, “Did Oswald, acting
alone, shoot and kill John F. Kennedy?”
My immediate problem was getting

-

wei.

*

access to the recordings. ! was certain the

television networks would have them, but
1 wasn’t sure exactly what to ask for. There:
must be thousands of hours of sound
recordings relating to the assassination.
Where, among all this talk, was the critical
testimony?

I started digging and soon discovered
the existence of a group called the National
Committee to Investigate Assassinations,
located in Washington, D.C. | called the
number listed in the telephone directory
and was soon speaking to Bob Smith, the
Committee's Research Director. | toid Smith
that! was a writer and wanted to do a piece
on the John F. Kennedy assassination. |
asked him for an interview, and he agreed.

We met in the offices of Bernard Fenster-


13-00000

DAO

uED FROM PAGE 47

a successful criminal lawyer and
tor of the Committee, in a modern
building a few blocks from the White
2. Fensterwaid is a small, dapper man
thin Seard. Smith is a lean. intense

smoter. Eoin men appeared to be
ir fortes.

‘fore we Sagin,” t said. “I think f should
On that i used to work for the CIA.”
ive run 2cress it often, the theory that
iA Kitigs Kennedy. It ssems absurd

and | dint saiieve it. | worked there
28 years ana never saw or heard any-
suggestins the Agency was involved
 agsassi nztion. ! never met anyone
| thoug>: cacable of doing it. Stil,
: learnes ifrough bitter experience of
ispicior wntcn attaches to former in-
ance offces. Epidemics of paranoia
Q accormcay us through life. | thought
‘tter get nat issue out of the way.
ith anc Fensterwald exchanged
es and smiled. Fensterwaid told me
rey did not necessarily believe the CIA
sin thecry. and they certainly didn't
talking :o a formar Agency employee.
ieved. | began to outline my project.
1d if they had heard of the PSE. Both
were dimly aware of it. |! described
vice and started to detail the way it
_be used as a research tool. They im-
itelty understood what | was proposing
vere tremendously enthusiastic. Yes,
iaid, there were many key statements
»e somewhere, and they would be glad
mpile specific references for me.
ermore, they could, in some cases,
Je me with the tape. They said they —
{ be in contact when they had some-
for me.
ile | was waiting, | experimented with
3E. ! telephoned a friend and told him
‘the device. | asked if he was willing
ty a little game to test it out, and he
1d. He picked a number between one
2n, asked him, “Is the number one?”
e number two?” and so on, and he
ered no each time. | recorded his
nses, ran them through the PSE and
3 him back. The number he picked,
him, was five.

was dumbfounded. He had not heard .
PSE and had thought | might be con-
1g some elaborate joke at his expense.
hen | called back and correctly iden-
the number he had picked, he realized
serious. And he was shocked.

layed the same game several times
xthers and did not always have similar
2ss. With Bernard Fensterwald, | was
only to narrow the answer down to two
16'S. One of which turned out to be cor-

esoluati oo lapes:

PENTHOUSE

problem with this game is that the player
knows ‘nat it is just:that. He knows that |
know he 's !ying, it is a socially acceptable
situation. ano tnere is nothing at stake. The
stress. wnich accompanies real deception
is nat always present.

{ antained a tape recording from CBS
News of a portion of a Sixty Minutes program
in which Mike Wallace interviewed Clifford
Irving. The interview took place during the
height of the controversy, while Irving was
still claiming to have gotten Howard
Hughes life story through a series of inter-
Views with the billionaire. It was a consum-
mate job of lying. embellished with such
convincing details as Irving's cisagreement
with his colleague Susskind about whether
Hughes kept his organic prunes in a paper
or a piastic bag. Sixty Minutes re-ran the
segment after Irving's confession because
the man's sheer virtuosity as a prevaricator
was amazing. | was interested in the inter-
view for a different reason: at the height
of the controversy, Irving had been given
a polygraph examination and had passed

it. !wanted to see if the man.who had beaten ~

the conventional lie detector could also
beat the PSE.

| selected a point in the interview at which
Mike Wallace suggested that Irving had not.
interviewed Howard Hughes, but had hap-
pened on some transcripts of Hughes’ state-
ments: Irving asked how he could have hap-
pened on them. Wallace rejoined, “Where
did you happen on those transcripts?” Inv-
ing replied, ‘I got the transcripts from

‘ Howard Hughes.” ! charted this statement

on the PSE.

It was a perfect example of total stress,
horizontally blocked, with the smooth,
“trimmed-hedge” wave farm. Clifford Irving
was a master liar, and he had beaten the
polygraph, but he would have been caught
by the PSE.

A tew days after our first meeting, |!
received a cali from Bob Smith. He had
turned up a few things for me. I visited him
at the Committee's office in downtown
Washington. He gave me a tape recording
and a typewritten transcript. The recording
was the Louis Lomax television program of
Sunday, October 16, 1966. Wesiey Liebler,
a member of the Warren Commission's staff,
was the guest. The transcript was of a CBS

-News television program entitled The War-

ren Report, which had been broadcast in.
four one-hour segments on June 25, 26, 27
and 28, 1967.

| examined the transcript. The programs
had been narrated by Walter Cronkite and
other CBS newsmen. They reviewed every
major point of controversy that had been
raised by the critics of the Warren Report,
inierviewing eyewitnesses, Da!las police-
men, medical examiners. ballistic speciat-
ists and many others who had some inside
knowledge of the assassination of John F.
Kennedy. For what | had in mind, it was
a gold mine. I telephoned CBS and learned
that | could get.a copy of the program's

Next played the Lomax-Liebler tape.

Apparently Mark-Lane had betn on-an -.-

eariier Lomax program, and sow Liebler ©
was on to rebut him. I didn’t need the PSE -
to anow that Liebler was stressed. He
seemed very agitated, and his breathing .
audibly indicated his tension. He was angry
about the things Lane had said, the ques-
tians Lomax was asking him, and the reac-
ticn of the studio audience. Given his highly
emotional state, he did not seem a very
promising subject for the PSE. Nonetheless, *
| decided to give it a try.

Charting a tape with the PSE is a tong
and tedious process. and it was impractica!
to chart the entire program: f ran some of
Liebler's statements which were not in dis-
pute and discovered, as ! had expected.
a great deal of stress. He was pretty
charged up.

Most of the exchange between Liebter,
Lomax and the audience was. argumenta-
tive and did not deal with specific factual
points. t found two key statements by Lieb-
fer, though, and ! charted them.

The first statement, in response toa ques-
tion by Lomax, was, “I have no doubt about
the conclusions of the [Warren] Report.”
Plenty of stress was evident, but not much .
more than in other statements.

The second statement related to those
Warren Commission documents which were
not included in the Report—they were —
locked up in the National Archives. Lomax
asked Liebler if there was anything in the
documents which would alter Liebter’s
opinion. Taken literally, it was a strange
question, since Liebler had seen the docu-

‘ments and, if they would alter his opinion,

they would already have done so. Lomax
probably meant to ask if the documents
would conflict with the conclusions of the
Warren Report. Whatever Liebler thought
the question meant, he answered quickly,
“Oh, none, none at all.” The PSE showed
much more stress here than during any of ..
Liebler's other statements. ;

It was all pretty confused and fuzzy, and
it didn’t tell me more than I'd already known:
Wesley Liebler was pretty upset when he
appeared on the Louis Lomax program.
hoped that the CBS tapes would yield more
enlightening resutts.

I finally received a call from CBS's
Washington office saying the tapes had
arrived. | broke a few traffic laws getting
there to pick up the tapes and returning
to my apartment. | had already selected the
points | wanted to check from the transcript
of the program. | mounted the first tape on
the recorder. ran it down to the first point
of interest. and turned on the PSE.

For the next three days and nights. ! ran
charts. When | finished, | had a splitting
headache, my kitchen floor was ankle deep
in chart paper, but | had a much clearer
idea of what did and did not happen that
day in Dallas.

Before | describe my results. ' feel ‘that
{ must offer the reader a few comments. and


13-00000

--w

a:d. itmas not been vaiidated
‘a; rasearch. Even though
farina: with the machine beliave
in this way, my project
first ateémpito do so. ~
i easier to demonstrate with the PSE
Peaker ts telling the trutn than to
‘18 lying. Stress can be caused by
vther tran deception: but the ab-
if strass 1s an extremely reliable
on of truinfulness. Of course, the
€ of stress.does not prove that a
intis true. only that the speaker
it ta £4 tree,
Bosse Ifo. nd a great Gaz! of stress
5 core assass-7st'on tapes.
stance can J say that the in-
i § lying. | com this out not only
myse2:f from lice! suits cut be-
‘ty certain any one indi-
aed the truth.
nethe! siress in the testimony
witnesses is the same event makes
1ematicai sropabiiity ovewnelming
past seme of them were lyirg.
: points scsid not be pana iflus-
han twnéey w
lay Shaw A‘air.
30n, it may pe recalled, was the New
s District Attorney who, in 1967,
|to have ssived the Kennedy assas-
. He presented an elaborate case
a loca! businessman, Clay Shaw,
2rS. as ms 7:5eF5. Of an assassination
acy. In one of the hour-long pro-

at buus

aw
a

CBS interviewed Garrison, Shaw, .
other people involved i in Garrison's”

3ns.

interview, Garrison was hostiie and
make many firm, factual statements
test with the PSE. However, he did

sere’s No question about it [!hat he _
yw the assassination had been car-

]... we know the key individuals
4}... there is no question about the
: conspirators} were there {in Dealy
* The PSE showed good to hard
each of these statements. { also
oncontroversial statement of Gar-
15 a contrci: “Oswald was not kilted
t the mevie theater where he was
ij." and found no stress. Garrison's
mts about his case against Clay
rongiy indicated deception.
ran some statements by Clay Shaw
his invo:vernent in such a conspir-
4 denying ever knowing or meeting
rey Oswald. | also ran a contro!
nt. Shaw turned out to be neavily
4 througout.
vas not particularly surprising. The
3 been accused of consciring to
tne President of the United States
3 being interviewed about it before
yn cameras. He would have to have
pretty cco! customer not to show
stress. even if he were telling the
‘e truth.
ng that doth Garrison and Shaw
| stress was not an encouraging

ee by tne Jim Gar-—

valid evidence tinking Shaw to the assassi-
nation and then, in the time-honored tradi-
tion of prosecutors, invented the rest of his
cas¢. But Shaw's stress could easily be the
resuit of his predicament, and Garrison's
might also be the result of some outside
issue. The situation was ambiguous. _~

! ran the testimony of Lea Odom. Odom,
a Dallas businessman, was attempting to
explain the mysterious coincidence of the
post office box numbers. It seems that the
Dalias post office box number 11906
appeared in the notebooks of both Clay
Shaw and Lee Harvey Oswald. In his tes-
timony. Odom stated that hé could not
account for the number appearing in
Oswaid’s notebook, he knew how it got inta
Shaw's. It was Odom's box number, and
he had given it to Shaw. whom he'd met
by chance on a business trip to New

‘Orleans. The PSE showed hard stress dur-

ing his statement. No unrelated control
Statement was available for me to run for
comparison.

This didn't really clear things up. There

were several obvious alternative explana: -

tions for Odom's stress. For example, there.

@

Deception is not proved
by stress, but given
enough witnesses’ testimony,

the PSE is able
_ to arrive at the truth

9

had been a number of rather unsavory
allegations in the press about Clay Shaw,
unrelated to the Garrison charges. Odom
may have felt extremely uncomfortable
about linking himself to this man in any way.
The coincidence of the box numbers
seemed very suspicious, but Bob Smith of
the Committee had pointed out to me that

‘both Snaw's and Oswald's notebooks were
_ filled with numbers, so the chance of such

a coincidence was not that remote.

At this point! began to wonder if the tele-
vision camera was the “outside issue” in
every case. Perhaps just being on television
wil! so thoroughly rattle the average person
that, lying or not, he is going to show stress
on the PSE. | checked this out by recording
and charting a number of people on tele-
vision programs—public officials, men in
the street, even witnesses to a particularly
gruesome accident. There was occasional
stress. but it never reached the high level
| was finding in the assassination tapes.

! also recalled something else which put
my mind to rest on this point: the PSE had

been used to analyze the statements of con- -

and-so” with ar accuracy of better than 94
percent. The problem obviously was not the.
television camera. . .

fran the testimony of William Gurvich on -.-

the PSE. Gurvich had been Garrison's chief —_ ;

aide in the investigation af Clay Shaw until
he resigned, charging Garrison with wrong- -

doing. He said, “The truth as | see itis that ©

Mr. Shaw should never have been arrested.”
He was asked if Garrison had known of cer-
tain illega! and unethical methods Gurvich ©
had alleged were being used by Garrison's
staff. He answered, “Yeah, of course he did.
He ordered it.” There was no stress in Mr.
Gurvich’s statements. The PSE showed that
he believed wnat he was saying.
Obviously | did not have enough tes- .
timony from a targe enough number of wite ..
nesses to creale a detailed picture of the
Garrison-Shaw affair, butitseems probable |
that, at the very least. Garrison did not have
much of a case against Shaw (a view later
held by a New Orleans jury) and likely that
Shaw was completely innacent of complic- .
ity in the assassination. The lesson of this
episode is twofold. First, stress in any one-
person's testimony does not prove decep-

tion. Second, given enough testimony by

Gifferent witnesses, the PSE can arrive at

‘the truth.

The first person | ran on the PSE who had
any direct knowledge of the assassination
was Oswald's widow, Marina. Unfortu--
nately, only one of her statements was on

‘the CBS tapes—that Oswald had owned a

rifle. The PSE said she was telling the truth.
The rifle had been one of the major points
of controversy raised by critics of the War-

ren Report. The debate centered on two © 7

points: whether the Mannlicher-Carcano' ~
alleged to have belonged to Oswald was
the rifle found by the Dailas police in the

Texas Schoo! Book Depository, andwhether ~~ 4
. that particulargun could have been the mur- ~

der weapon.
On the tapes, Darrell C. Tomlinson, an
employee of Parkland Hospital, testified

that he had found a rifle bullet ona strefcher .

which he believed had carried Governor
Connally. There was no stress in his state-
ment. The PSE said he was telling the tnuth.

Dr. Joseph D. Nicol, Superintendent of
the Bureau of Criminal Investigation for the
State of litinois. ran ballistic tests on bullet
fragments found in the presidential limou-
sine, and on the intact bullet found by Tom-
linson. Nicol testified that both the intact
bullet and the bullet fragments had been
fired by the Mannlicher-Carcano. He. too,
was apparently telling the truth.

Deputy Constable Seymour Weitzman of
the Datias police claimed that he found
Oswaid’s Mannlicher—Carcano on the sixth
floor of the Texas School Book Depository. -
However, on the day of the assassination,
he had told the press that the rifie he'd found
was a German Mauser. The foliowing day

-he signed an affidavit to that effect. Bul on
| the CBS tapes he testified that he had been

mistaken about that point, that it had really


13-00000

svabie stress in his statements.
atrolman Gerald L. Hill testified that he
id thirée. spent bullet hulls on the ficor
eatk the window from which the fatal
ts allegedly were fired. The PSE showed
J stress in his statements.

xe rifle was one of the principal points
d by the Warren Commissien to link
vald to the assassination. The PSE sub-
itiated the testimony that Oswald owned
fle and that the evidence supplied to
allistics expert indicated this rifle was
murd2r weapon. However, the PSE did
substantiate the controversial claims of
jas police regarding the discovery of
evidence. .
he hospital employee was apparently
ng the truth when he recounted finding
bullet on a stretcher at Parkland Hospi-
but many critics have charged that the
et had been eliberately planted there.

3 is the famous “single bullet" which the.

rren Repor: says passed through the
ties of bath tne President and Governor

nally, and then lodged in Connally's.

3t. Several researchers have tried to
zat this, firing the same type of bullet
‘the wrist of a cadaver. The builets never
iained perfectly intact, as the one found
he stretcher, they became twisted lumps
zad and copper.

he second link between Oswald and the
assination is the charge that he killed
cer Tippitt. a Dallas policeman, while
‘ing from the scene of the first shooting.
umber of eyewitnesses have testified
they saw Oswald shoot Tippitt, and one
hem, Domingo Benavides; was inter-
ved on the CBS tapes. He was asked
yere was any doubt in his mind that
vald was the man he saw shoot Tippitt.
replied, “No. sir, there waa no doubt
ul.” There was absolutely no stress in
statement. He was telling the truth.

he killing of Officer Tippitt by Oswatd
fueled the fires of controversy over the

rren Report. Tippitt was farfrom his usual-

it when he was shot. Some witnesses
e alleged that Tippitt and Oswald were
‘n together in Jack Ruby's nightclub.
y theorize that the three men were part
in assassination conspiracy, and that
pitt had been sent to silence Oswald,
had been beaten to the draw.

he Datlas police radio dispatcher,
:cer Murray Jackson, was asked if he
ught Tippitt knew Oswald, “No,” he
lied, “I don't think he knew Oswald.” Did
kson know Oswald? “No,” answered
kson, “I didn't either.” The PSE showed
wy Stress in both statements.

emhaps the greatest source of con-
‘ersy over the Warren Report is it's claim
: all the shots were fired by one gunman.
ne eyewitnesses claim to have heard
ts and seen gunsmoke in the area of
w hillock ahead and to the right of the
sidential motorcade. This hillock has
re to be know grassy knoll.”
2 of these witnesses was a railroad
ker named S.M. Holland, who observed

PENTHOLISF

The PSE confirmed that he thought he had
seen a puff of smoke on the knoll, but it
could not support his claim that he had
heard a shot from that direction.

Another witness, Charles Brehm, was
quoted by Mark Lane as having said that
he had seen a portion of the President's
skuli flying back over the left rear end of
the limousine. Lane offered this as evidence
of a shot from the grassy knoll. On the CBS
tapes, Brehm stated heatedly that he had
been quoted out of context, and emphatic-
ally denied that any shots had come from
the knoll. Despite his emotional state, there
was almost no stress in this statement.

Officer Jacks of the Dallas police, who
was riding in the limousine of Vice-
President Johnson, denied that any of the
shots had come from the direction of the
gtassy knoll. The PSE turned up a fair de-
gree of stress.

Three witnesses, Mrs. Caroline Walther,
Arnoid Rowland and Howard Brennan,
claimed to have seen gunmen in the win-
dows of the Texas School Book Depository
building. Mrs. Walther said she saw two
men, one armed with a rifle, the second

Chief Justice Warren:
“We expiored both these
theories and found
no evidence that
either group was involved"

9

‘with a shorter gun. Rowland told the Warren
Commission he had seen two men, one an
elderly Negro, in the window Oswald is
alleged to have fired from, but on the CBS
tapes he claimed he had seen an armed
man ata differant window. The Commission
relied heavily on the testimony of Brennan,
who claimed to have seen a gunman in the
“Oswald window” actually firing the last of
the shots. The PSE showed hard stress in.
the testimony of all three witnesses.

_The PSE analysis of the eyewitnesses’
testimony regarding the source of the shots
is ambiguous. It supports Holland's claim
to have seen a puff of smoke on the knoll,
and Brehm's denial that any shots came
from that direction, and it raises serious
doubts about al? other claims and counter-
claims. This contradiction seems to result
from the notorious unreliability of eyewit-
nesses, perhaps compounded by a fair
amount of fabrication. Deception, if it is
present here, may have been motivated
merely by a desire for attention. Or there
may have been: darker reasons.

There is, however, other evidence and
testimony that could shed some light on the
existence, number and location of assas-
sins other than Oswald. This brings us to
perhaps the most dubious and controversial
element in the Warren Commission's ver-
sion of the event—the autopsy.

nedy had been rushed to the emergency
room at Parkland Hospital, where Or, Mal-
coim Parry tried to save his life. The physi-
cian saw that the President had suffered —
a massive head wound and a smaller wound

in the throat. Perry performed a tracheos- _
tomy, cutting through the throat wound in
an attempt to open a breathing passage.
Afterward, when hope forthe Presidenthad ~
been abandoned, Perry met with the press
and deciared that the wound in the front

of the neck had been an entry wound.

The President's body was flown to
Washington, D.C. There, approximately
eight hours after the shooting, an autopsy
was performed at Bethesda Navat Hospital.
Because of the tracheostomy, the nature of ~
the neck wound could no longer be ob-
served and was, at first, overlooked. Later,
after consulting the Dallas doctors, the
Bethesda pathologists concluded that it .
was an exit wound. The autopsy report
Stated that there were two entry wounds,

-one tow in the rear scatp and one at the

right base of the neck; and two exit wounds,

‘the throat wound and a large irregular

wound on the right side of the head.

The confusion was compounded when
two FBI agents present at the autopsy
reported that a wound had been found in’
the President's back, and that no corre-
sponding exit wound had been located.
Diagrams made during the autopsy seemed |
to confirm this, showing the lower of the
two entry wounds to be below the shoulders,
not at the base of the neck. What became
‘of the bullet? The agents reported that -
Bethesda doctors thought the bullet had
dropped from the wound when the Dalias
doctors attempied extemal heart massage. |
But this was the shot that the Commission
claimed had passed through Kennedy and
struck Governor Connally.

. X-rays and color photographs of the au-
topsy were made. The brain was removed
from the body. Brain and skin tissue slides .
were prepared for microscopic examina-
tion. Remarkably, the Warren Commission
mever asked ta see any of this evidence,
relying instead solely on the testimony of
Captain James J. Humes, one of the
pathologists who conducted the autopsy.
Even more incredible is the disappearance
of the brain, the slides, and some of the |
photographs, which were alleged to have
been tured over to the National Archives
by the Bethesda Naval Hospital. -

Both Or. Perry and Captain Humes were
interviewed on the CBS tapes. Perry was
asked about the throat wound he'd seen
when the President was broughtto Parkland
Hospital. His answer seamed evasive. He
neither confirmed nor denied that he had
thought it was an entry wound, talking in-
stead about the difficulty of making such
a determination and the fact that his atten-
tion had been devoted to saving the Presi-
dent's life. Then the interviewer asked him
directly whether he had thought at the time
that it was an entry wound. “Actually, kdidn't
teally give it much thought,” he-replied.He.. .. .


13-00000

saetnation Tangs

VED EROe BEE 194

:d hard stress on the PSE. Unfortu-
he mad= ro other definite statement
the nature of the wound.
interview with Captain Humes was
nformative. Just before the interview,
7, Humes bad re-examined the autop-
ograpns ecg X-rays, and he dis-
J tham 2: ‘esath on the C35 tanes.
“prams .1 during tha actonsy,
J. nad net £en intended to precisely
Nt the iocation of the wounds. How-
12 Now o:cSuced a sxetch which, he
Jid represent thesa iccations accu-
The intersiavwer asked. “Your re-
tation of the photographs verify that
wads Wee 3s shown here?”
3, Sir,” he replied. No stress.
2 there any wounds other than one
base of :-= neck and ona up in the
“No, sir. inere were not.” Moderate
not ercugh to suggest ceception.
there any doubt that the wound at
ck of the President's head was an
‘ound? “Trere is absciutely no doubt,
jain stress but again moderate.
gether, now many wounds were
“There v.er2 two wounds of entrance
0 of exit.” At this paint the stress be-
lard.

’ “Posterioriy, one low in the right
ar.scalp. and one in the basa of the
nthe right.” Hard stress again.

d he be absolutely certain tnat what
3 was an entry wound was. in fact,
‘es. indeed we can.” Hard stress.
nterview with Humes was one of the
it and most detailed on the CBS
and | charted most of it with the PSE.
clear to ma that he believed much
he was saying, but the frequent flick-
of mocerate stress and the occasian-
es of hard stress suggesied that he
nearly as confident of his testimony
claimed to be. As Dr. Perry had

1 out, sometimes it's not easy to tell

y wound from an exit wound.
aterviewer asked him one good “bot-
3" question:

you have any different conclusion,
ferent ideas, any different thoughts
‘erseeing (the autopsy photographs]
‘nan you had at that time?”
‘replied Captain Humes, "we think.
‘ar up very well, and very closely,
imony before the Warren Commis-

tress was hard.

Specter. one of the Warren Commis-
rincipal investigators, also spoke on

itapes. He said that the case agains!
fitted together very well, and that
could.one find among actual crim-

NTHOUSE |

where were the ‘entry wounds lo-

tre cues rnenetonse

the charge that the Commission had been
formed to whitewash the facts.

The PSE said he was telling the truth.

John McCloy. a member of the Warren
Commission, said much the same thing,
and added that he had seen no credible
evidence to contradict the findings of the
Commission. The PSE backed him up on
this. bt it failed to do so when, speaking
of the Warren Report, he said, “There was
nothing fraudulent about it." Here the PSE
showed hard stress.

If Specter and McCloy were as confident
as the PSE shows them to be in the truthful-
ness of the Warren Rezort-what could be
fracduient about it? Perhaps the snippin3
off of a few loose ends, the suppression
of a few pieces of inconvenient evidence
which conflicted with a version of events
they believed to be essentially true. .

The one man who could be expected to
have the most informed opinion regarding
the work of the Warren Commission is
former Chief Justice Earl Warren himself.
He had declined to be interviewed on the
CBS program in 1967, but he did appear
on television in May, 1972, in an interview

“...we found no evidence
of any kind that there was
any conspiracy.”

There was very hard stress
on “no evidence”

9

which was pant of a series called The Bran-
deis Television Recollections. Bob Smith of
the Committee provided me with the tape.

The interview was an hour long, but the
Kennedy assassination and the Warren
Commission came up only once. The inter-
viewer, Abram Sachar, Chancellor of Bran-
dais University, was friendly and deferen-
tial. | charted some of Warren's remarks
unrelated to the assassination and found
that he was generally unstressed. Sachar
raised the subject of the Commission
obliquely, and Warren volunteered several
rather lengthy statements about it

Warren said that immediately after the as-
sassination there were two theories, one that
Khrushchev and Castro were behind the
killing, the other that a group ot right-wing
Texas oilmen were responsible. He said:

“We explored both of those theories for
ten months and found no evidence that
either of them was involved in it.”

The PSE showed hard stress.

He continued:

. we found no evidence of any kind

that there was any conspiracy.”

Again there was stress, and particularly .
hard stress on the words “no evidence,”

“| have read everything.” said Justice .

Warren, “that has come to my notice in the

WA NGVS VIIVIZEU UIST WUIIINSSION VETy
severely, but | have never found_that they
have discovered any evidence ‘of any kind
that we didn’t discover and use in determin
ing the case as we did.” © _

Hard stress once again. The word “never”

was a perfectly “trimmed hedge.”
“| have found nothing since that time.”

he continued, “to change my view, norhave - |
| heard of anything that has changed the —
view of any membar of the commission.

since that time.”

The stress was hard. Ast had now'come |

to expect, the word “nothing” seemed a
particularly beautiful example of stress.
Another word seemed to show even more

stress: “member.” Could he have been’

thinking of someone in particular? On Janu-
ary 19, 1970, Senator Richard B. Russell,
a member of the Warren Commission, re-

vealed that he had never believed that Lee -

Harvey Oswald acted alone.

1 had charted the last of the assassination -

tapes. Of course, these few thousand feet
of recording tape are only a small fraction’
of the relevant testimony recorded and
stored away in the archives of television
news departments. There is, for example,
Lee Harvey Oswald, as he was led through
the Dallas potice station, denying that he

had killed the President. There are state- .
ments by Marina Oswald, Jack Ruby and

by others.
| have no doubt that with these tapes,

a Psychologica! Stress Evaluator, and time .-

to work on them, a very detailed picture
of the assassination of John F. Kennedy
could be reconstructed, a picture that might

even seveal the identities of the assassins .

and their co-conspirators. | hope that sooner
_ or later someone does this. | have gone as
far as the private resources of a free-lance
writer permit.

What, given the sample of testimony {
have processed with the PSE, can ! say
about the assassination?

We should first examine the testimony in
whichno stress was found, since itis almost

certain that these people were telling the .

truth as they saw it. This strongly suggests
the foliowing:

1. Oswald owned a rifle.

2. A bullet fired from that rifle was found

on Govemor Connailly's stretcher at Park-_

tand Hospital.

3. Bullet fragments alleged to have been

found in the presidential limousine atso
came from Oswald's rifle.

4. At least one eyewitness believes he
saw gunsmoke on the grassy knoll, but
another is equaily certain no shots came.
from that direction.

5. Oswald shot and killed Officer Tippitt.

&. At least one member of the Warren
Commission and one member of the Com-
mission's staff really believe in the validity
of the Warren Report.

7. Jim Garrison had little or no case
. against Clay Shaw.

Aimost all of this tends to support, in n one .
way or another, the Warren Report. ‘But now -

MEE:

one we
or cmrneee

vos eeecmpem vp see ane gemrmnemueet wor tye te et


13-00000

wre Ay ID 8 hey
The claim that Oswatd’s rifle was
tin the Texas School Book Depository,
The claim that bullet hulls matching
d's-riflé were found in the same place.
The claim that one gunman was seen
“Qswaid window" ot the Dallas Book
sitory.
The claim that two gunmen were seen
3 window.
The claim that a gunman was seen
lifferent window of that building.
Another claim that no shots came from
assy knoll, and a claim by the witness
saw the gunsmoke on the knoll that
80 Heard a shot from that direction.
4 claim by a Dailas policeman that
or he nor Officer Tippitt knew Oswald.
The claim by the pathologist—the
‘n Commission's only source of infor-

utopsy photographs support his tes-
‘before the Commission.
he claim by a member of the Warren

lission that there was nothing fraudu- .

pout the Warren Report. :

The claim by Earl Warren that the
lission found no evidence of a con-
y; that none of the Warren Report's
ever found anything the Commission
issed; that he had found nothing since
blication of the Report to change his
and that he knew of no Commission
er.who had ever changed his mind
their conclusions.

HWIUICELES GECEPUON, a HNUeresinig ang
unexpected possibility emerges:

Oswald was involved in some way in the
assassination, if only as a fall guy. Some of
the Dallas police force may have been in-
volved, planted the evidence that impli-
cated Oswald, and covered up the fact that
there was a conspiracy. The medical exam-
iner believed his own testimony to the War-
ren Commission, but later had doubts. The
Commission found evidence of a conspir-
acy but didn’t believe it, so they covered
it up in order to present a tidy package to
the public. Later, at least one mamber of
the Commission changed his mind, but
since he didn't know what really did hap-
pen, he decided to say nothing. So there
was conspiracy in Dallas, and in Washing-

_ton nothing worse than dlundering.
n about the autopsy—that the X-rays. ©

f could say all this with certainty if] knew
that stress always equals deception. Unfor-
tunately, | do not know that. But the PSE
analysis of the assassination tapes has
generated a staggering amount of fresh
doubt regarding the Warren. Report. This
doubt rises not only from specific points
the PSE has called into question, but from
the very sinister implications of the very
existence of deception among policemen,
government officials and Commission
members. The question remains: did such
deception exist or was the stress found by
the PSE the result, in every © case, of an out-
side issue? |

me rot ano cannot be cross-checked by” «
a structured interrogation, some: Probability -
must be accepted that this stress is caused *

by an outside issue. No study has yet been -

conducted to establish what this probability

might be, but let us pick, for the sake of ~

discussion, a figure that may seem ridicu- ~
lously high—70 percent. in other words, we ~
are assuming that 70 percent of the times
the PSE finds stress in testimony, it results
from something other than lying.

Now, let's ignore the deception indicated -
in the testimony of the eyewitnesses; even |
if present, it might have resulted from mere -

Gesire for attention. That leaves eight “in-

siders" who have demonstrated stress when -

making statements supporting the Warren

Report: the Dallas policemen Hill, Jacks, ~~
Jackson and Weitzman; the medical exam- —.
_iner, Captain Humes; Commission staffer. -
Wesley Liebler; Commission member John:
McCloy, former Chief Justice Earl Warren. . °
' Assuming that there is a 70 percent’ ir.
chance that any single instance of stress /
is “outside issue,” what is the probability .

that all eight instances are due to factors
other than deception? Elementary proba-
bility theory tells us that it is seven-tenths
raised to the eighth power, or approximately
& percent.

In other words, even making some fairly

conservative assumptions, thereisa94per- .
cent chance that at least one of thesa eight —

men is lying.

My own personal opinion? don't know.” :
{ remember the young man with the ring.

He said he was wearing it, and he was,

‘but he stressed. He stressed not because .
he was lying, but because there was some- _
thing about that ring that really bothered

him, something he didn’t want the world to

know. Perhaps thatis alsotrueofthesemen -
who, in one way or another, leamed some ..

part of the truth about the assassination of

” John F. Kennedy.

. the microscopic slides, the bioodstained .

| suppose I'm not absolutely sure even

of that. When I first met Bob Smith of the
Committee, | asked him if there was any

one thing the govemment could doto clear ~ -"

up the mystery. Yes, he replied, the one

thing that would help more than anything _-
else would be to make available the physil- . ~~
cal evidence — the detalied FB! lab re-

ports, the X-rays and autopsy photographs,

clothing, yes, even the President's brain,
wherever it has been hidden. These things,

he said, would go far toward answering the ~

questions about what actually happened

that day in Dallas. Maybe they would even -

confirm the Warren Report.

So when | say I'm not absolutely ‘certain
these men are concealing something, 1
mean | can think of something that could
conceivably change my mind. That is, if the

"* government would open all its files on this

matter to us and prove that we are wrong

. —we, the people who ten years fater still
. believe we haven't yet heard the full account

-+ of the events of November 22, 1963. =~

tee fe ome 4 Seem m peyote —Pper


13-00000

E LAST THREE PRESIDENTIAL
‘CTIONS HAVE BEEN. DECIDED BY
BULLETS:

64 — result decided by the assassination of
President John F. Kennedy

68 — result decided by the assassination of
Senator Robert F. Kennedy

12 ~ result decided by the near-assassination of
Governor George Wallace —

lis the evidence?
‘ire the fatal shots?

has there been such a concerted effort
ithhold the facts?

ras really behind the assassinations?

2-H 79-93
_ COME SHARE THE FINDINGS
OF THE NATION'S EXPERTS

AT A TWO DAY CONFERENCE

SPONSORED BY THE COMMITTEE TO
INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS.

‘TODEWELD Ar
GEORGETOWN
UNIVERSITY

GASTON HALL

Nov. 23-24, 1973 _

COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS ,

1520 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. » (202) 232-1152

DECADE OF
ASSASSINATIONS |
1963 - 1973

JOHN F, KENNEDY © SYLVANUS OLYMPIO e

ABDUL KARIM KASSEM ¢ MEDGAR EVERS ¢

“NGO” DINH DIEM © JIGME DORJ! © ADIB AL @ —
SHISHAKL! e@ PIERRE NGENDANDUMWE. @—

HASSAN ALI MANSOUR ¢ MALCOLM X @ VIOLA

LIUZZO e MARIO MENDEZ MONTENEGRO ¢ SIR
ABUBAKAR BALEWA © J.T.V. IRONS! AGUIYI ¢
HENDRIK VERWOERD © TRAN VAN VAN e

" . GEORGE LINCOLN ROCKWELL CHE GUEVARA —
_ @ MARTIN LUTHER KING © ROBERT. F..
~ KENNEDY © EDUARDO MONDLANE ¢ TOM

MBOYA © A.A. SHERMARKE ¢ GEORGE

” WALLACE # SALVADORE ALLENDE ©


13-00000

0:00

11:30

FRIDAY — NOVEMBER 23

LATE REGISTRATION —
Early Registrants pick up passes.

WELCOME:

Mr. Bernard Fensterwald, Jr., Executive
Director, Committee to Investigate —

Assassinations

* Mr. Norman Mailer, Author and Forwarder

of The Fifth Estate

CURRENT STATUS OF PROMINENT
ASSASSINATION CASES:

JFK CASE — Mr. Robert P. Smith, Director
- of Research, Committee to Investigate ©

Assassinations
RFK CASE — Mr. Robert Hanson, Attorney,
present counsel for Sirhan Sirhan

- KING CASE — Mr. James Lesar, Attorney,

present counsel for James Earl Ray
WALLACE CASE — Mr. Ronald Van Doren,

Newsman, Author, researcher into the

background of Arthur Bremer

- ROCKWELL CASE — Ms. Meredith Rode,

Professor at Federal City College,
* Authority in killing of George Lincoln
~ Rockwell

UNIQUE INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES:
Mr. William Turner, Moderator — Former

FBI Agent, Author of numerous books —

on investigative techniques

“Mr. George O'Toole — Former CIA Agent,

Free-Lance Writer, expert on the PSE
* (Psychological Stress Evaluator)
Mr. Robert Saltzman — Computer Engineer,
Pantene an the Warren Commission

DECADE OF ASSASSINATIONS
1963 — 1973 ,

PROGRAM |

FRIDAY — Continued .

42:30 BREAK FOR LUNCH

2:00 MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE: —

6:00
8:30

Mr. Josiah Thompson, Moderator —
Professor at Haverford College, author of
Six Seconds In Dallas —

Dr. Cyril Wecht — Professor of Law and

Forensic Medicine at Duquesne

University; Coroner of Pittsburgh, Pa. -
Ms. Sylvia Meagher — Attorney, UN Official,
author of Accessories After The Fact —
Mr. Roger Hanson — Attorney, counsel to
Sirhan Sirhan

Mr. Herbert MacDonnell — Professor of
Criminalistics, Corning University; expert
in case of Fred Hampton ,

Mr. Mark Lane — Attorney, author of Rush —

To Judgment and Executive Action

BREAK FOR DINNER

WARREN COMMISSION REPORT: FACT |

“OR FICTION —

A slide show and lecture by Mr. Robert

Saltzman

SATURDAY — NOVEMBER 24

ASSASSINATIONS AND THE MEDIA:

Mr. John Henry Faulk, Moderator —
Humorist and Author of Fegr On Trial
Mr. Robert Kaiser — Author of RFK Must

Die

Mr, Donald Freed — Co-Author of Executive

12:30
2:00

5:00

Action

_ Mr, Harold Weisberg — Author of Frame Up
’ Mr. Ted Charach — Author of Second Gun

Mr, Peter Noyes — Author of Legacy Of
Doubt

Mr. Fred Cook — Author of numerous books
and articles

BREAK FOR LUNCH

THEORIES OF CONSPIRACY:

Mr. Richard Sprague, Moderator —
Computer expert and author

Dr. Richard Popkin, Professor at Washington
University; author of The Second Oswald

Col. Fletcher Prouty — Former Liaison
Officer between Pentagon and CIA;
author of The Secret Teams

Mr. Robert K. Brown — Former Special
Services Officer; expert in attempts on
life of Castro

Mr. Earl Golz — Reporter for Dallas Morning - oe

News; expert on Organized Crimes
Mr. Victor Marchetti — Former CIA Agent;
author a .
Mr. Peter Dale Scott — Professor .at
’ Berkeley; Author of 7he War Conspiracy

INDIVIDUAL WORKSHOPS WITH THE

SPEAKERS —

‘ Question and Answer Sessions


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futhor end editor . 7 4066 Berlin WW 66

Editer of “Who's Who in CLAS

Dear Sirs:
I take this opportunity of offering you:

"Yellow List: Where Is the CIA?"

Pe ee td
SSeS SSS [SSS SSS 2S 555555555555 555

("Gelbe Liste: Yio ist die CIA")

4 This book presents for the first time anywhere in the
a | world a documentation in alphabetical order of more than
, 400 cisguised or subsidised organisations and institutions
of the US Civilian end military intelligence network in
North, Central and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia.

a fhe "Yellow List" is available either in the English
‘or German language.

. The price per copy, inclusive o? air mail postal costs,
is $2.00 (or the corresponding amount in other currencies —
ae present exchange rates). The book will be sent to you
immediately upon receipt of your order blank and check.

I would be grateful if you would mention this publica
tion of topical interest to others as well.

. ‘Yours vgfy sincerely,

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—_—- CIVIL RIGHTS - CONSPIRACY
INTERSTATE FLIGHT - ROBBERY

FBI No. 495,942 G
16 M9 U 000 12

Photo prapes taken 1960 Photograph cn 163 1 f . ;
(eyes drawn by asti MDL . K.

DESCRIPTION. _
AGE. 40, bom March 10. 1923. A! ois

HEIGHT: 5°19” “EYES: biue

WEIGHT: 163 to 174 pounds COMPLEXION: aediua
BUILD: medium RACE: white .
HAIR: brown, possibly cut short NATIONALITY: American

OCCUPATIONS: baker, color matcher, laborer

SCARS ANO MARKS: smali scar on center of forehead and small scar oa

. palm of right hand

REMAAKS: noticeably protruding left ear; reportedly is a lone wolf; -
allegedly attended dance instruction school: has repostedly

completed course in bartending .

IMINAL RECORD .
Ray has been c; f burglary, robb: ney
On armed rob! am icte without owners

consent.

CAUTION ,
RAY 1S SOUGHT IN CONNECTION WITH A MURDER WHEREIN THE
VICTIM WAS SHOT. CONSIDER ARMEO AND EXTREMELY DAN-

GEROUS.

A Federal warrant was issied ow Aprit 17, 1268, at Birmiaghaa, Alabama, charging Ray as Eric Starvo Gait with conspiring to interfere with a Coastitutional Ri t of_a citizes (Title 12ULS.
. Section A ate warrant was ziso issued oa July 2), 1967, at Jetterson City. Misscuri, chargiag Ray with Interstate Flight to Avoid Confinement a the crime of Robbery (Title 18,
OCS Core: eet on " elt iee thei bette ai Mbt ; a fa

| anieee
FF YOU KAYE EIFORMATION CONCERHING THIS PERSOH, PLEASE CONTACT YOUR LOCAL FBI OFFICE. Hew
TREPHONE NUMBERS AND ADDRESSES OF ALL FBI OFFICES LISTED OH BACK. ” Director
Mentification Order $132 _ Federal Byrgau of Investigation .
April 23, 1368 : a : ; Washington, D.C. 20535
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ERIC STARVO

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Height; © ©. 58" to 511" _ Eyes: | Blue or hazel

_ Weight: =. 160 to 175 pounds - Complexion: | Medium

 Bullds - Medium . Race: . White

Hairs __ Brown, possibly cut short :

: -  Qecupation: .  Has-claimed employment as seaman _ .

Remarks: Noticeably protruding left ear; reportedly is a lone wolf; allegedly

. a attended dance instruction school; has reportedly completed course
oon co » in bartending. Co

Me GAUTION ee
OF Aut 1s SOUGHT IN CONNECTION WITH A MURDER WHEREIN THE VICTIM WAS ca sels
SHOT. CONSIDER. ARMED AND EXTREMELY DANGEROUS. ' ee

A Federal warrant: was issued on april 1 17. 1968,. at Birmingham, Alabama, charging’ Galt with ¢ con-
SPiring to interfere with a Constitutional Right of a citizen (Title 18, U.'S.° Code, ‘Section 241).' me

a ir you! HAVE: ‘ANY INFORMATION ‘CONCERNING THIS PERSON, PLEASE NOTIFY ME OR CONTACT YOUR
LOCAL FBI OFFICE. TELEPHONE NUMBERS AND ADDRESSES OF ALL Fel OFFICES LISTED ON BACK.

FEDERAL‘RYREAU OF INVESTIGATION | ;
eee entire oo") SUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Wanted Flyer 442 , a1) WASHINGTON, D.C,. 20585 2 >:
April’ 17,:1968 |”. co). TELEPHONE, NATIONAL 8-7117
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—_—_—_" oe ‘ WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505
. . . ’

ll December 1973

”

MEMORANDUM FOR: Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation

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a ATTENTION : Mr, William A. Branigan

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- SUBJECT : Conference of the Committee to Investigate —
Assassinations, Report < on Proceedings

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1. Herewith a report containing partial coverage on the
events during the first session of the Committee to Investigate 3.
ye Assassinations, together with material (which is overt) made A
> available on the floor of the conference. —
~ 2. We would be interested in anything you develop on any
>) of the other sessions of the conference.

FOR THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR OPERATIONS:

REC64 G2 - 1/2697-33

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: 36 WM James Angleton 1 JAN 3 19

Enclosure: to.
Report w/atts

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Attachment to CIR-316/03107-73

SUBJECT: Conference of the Committee to Investigate Assassinations, —
Report on Proceedings 23 November 1973

1, The Committee to Investigate Assassinations claims to
have been established in 1969. The headquarters are in Washington, D.C.
(at 1520 16th Street, N. W.). In the four years of its existence the
Committee has done research and has become a kind of clearing
house for the study of assassinations. It maintains contact with
other groups engaged in similar activity, of which there seem.to be
at least two, one of which is located in the Boston area,

2. In addition to research, the Committee acts to help
individuals interested in the investigation of assassinations. It thus
files suits for private persons demanding access to classified
information. It sponsors the publication of books and articles
relating to the field of its interest, and sponsors the production of
movies, It publishes a newsletter.

3. The conference of November 23-24, 1973, is the first of
its type to be held by the Committee. The Georgetown University
was helpful by placing Gaston Hall at the disposal of the Committee
free of charge. By agreement with the University, the Committee
will also be able to use the services of the University Library as a
repository and research center.

4. The Conference opened on November 23, 1973, with a delay
of about half an hour. The delay may have been due to the installation
of recording equipment which literally covered the premises with a
tangle of wires of every kind. The Washington Post reports an
attendance exceeding 300. This is a generous estimate. After
deducting official speakers, recording personnel, and press

“representatives, the audience probably numbered no more than 150,

if that many.

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5. Beards and long hair prevailed, and others stood out like a
sore thumb. There was not a single Negro in the audience, nor, that
morning, on the platform. Even the speaker who spoke on the case
of Martin Luther King was white.

6. Not all the speakers preannounced were present. The
chairman announced the absence of Richard Sprague. Another
speaker, a lawyer from Los Angeles whose name was drowned
out in the noise, was also absent. They were replaced by Dr. Robert
Forman and someone whose name sounded like ''Ed Kirkley".

7. The chairman announced that all the speeches would be
tape recorded for subsequent publication, He further invited the
audience to attend movies to be shown that night. One of these,
"Burn", was to be shown at the University. Others by prearrangement
would be shown at local movie theaters, The latter were connected
with the Kennedy assassination. The case of the President's murder
was in the center of the conference and, as noted by one of the
organizers (Smith), one half of the speakers were to center their
attention upon the Oswald case, ;

8. The chairman adhered strictly to the program and every
speaker mentioned in the program for the morning session of
November 23 spoke as specified. Of those who spoke, Norman
Mailer, Robert P. Smith and Ronald Van Doren deserve particular
attention, Their speeches in summary are reviewed below.

9. A table at the back of the audience presented recornmended
literature. The books included H. Weissberg's Whitewash and
Peter Noyes' Legacy of Doubt. For some reason there was a copy
of one paper only, that of George O'Toole's "Assassination Tapes''.
There was also a bibliography of political assassination; the foreword
to which lists the persons most actively collaborating with the
Committee.

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10, A publication circulated during the conference was the
November, 1973 issue of Computers and Automation which is to

be renamed, starting January 1, 1974, Computers and People.

The publication of articles such as "Nixon and the Mafia" which
concludes that Richard M. Nixon seems to be the embodiment of

a prediction that organized crime would someday put its own man

in the White House, seems somewhat curious in a magazine devoted
to the profession of data processing and the use of computers.

The magazine was established in 1951 by Berkeley Enterprises in
Massachusetts. Alger Hiss is among its contributors and an
abundance of articles by Richard Sprague on the subject of Watergate
published in the past year. ,

ll. Another organization which received publicity at the
Conference was The Committee for Action/Research on the
Intelligence Community (CARIC).

12. <A representative of Computers and Automation handed out
this publication free of charge to members of the audience. He took
notes with fantastic speed and apparent accuracy of everything said
during the proceedings.

13. The lights gave out at one point and did not come on again
during the morning session, The absence of current may have
affected the tape recording.

14, The morning session, due to close at 12:30, ended after
1:30 p.m. By this time the audience was impatient to have lunch,
and the resumption of the proceedings was therefore postponed to a
later hour. . .

15. No document of any kind was issued to the persons who
paid $15,00 to enter. Instead their hand was stamped with the name
of the organization which gave them access to all further meetings
that day and the next (the members of the audience were apparently
not supposed to wash their hands during this time), Names were
taken down, but no questions asked other than one's initial. No
information on address, occupation, etc. was required,

SECRET

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16. Speech by Norman Mailer. This was beyond a doubt, the
most striking presentation during the Friday morning session.
Mailer spoke briefly and left the conference shortly after the speech.

17.. Mailer said that political intelligence as a subject was as

‘powerful as "peace'', Interest in assassination is obsessive. The

obsession arises from the fact that a solution to the problem is not
found, and attention is constantly drawn back to the unanswerable
question.

18, He said that we have here the most powerful nation in the
world which cannot come to grips with a question which seems as
amazingly simple as the Kennedy assassination. The result has
been that this nation has decided to shut down investigation and has
thus alienated itself from its own history. This alienation has
brought apathy, a trait noticeable in the reaction to investigations
which bring no wide response.

19. <A nation which rejects its own history is on the path toa
totalitarian regime. Facts, meanwhile, have a peculiar ability to
change when they are investigated, and investigators must therefore
rely upon hypothesis. The history of the last ten years has been
made unendurable by the abundance of hypotheses. ._They range
from the opinion that an assassination is an accident lacking any
particular sequence to the hypothesis that secret police forces are
engaging in a world conspiracy.

20. The present conference must help us to learn whether
there are possibilities, and what possibilities exist, to solve these
questions,

21. Speech by Robert P, Smith, Mr, Smith was described as

the director of research of the Committee, but he seems to be one
of the major motive forces in this organization,

22. ##Mr. Smith pointed out that he had spent the last three years
studying the Kennedy case. Much research had been done, but
nothing had changed, so far as practical action was concerned, in
the last nine years.

SECRET

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SECRET

27. Speech by Ronald Van Doren, Mr. Van Doren seems to be a
follower of Governor Wallace. He began by commenting on the sad
situation in a country with a judiciary where individuals have to make
conjectures regarding a case as obvious as that of Bremer. There is
no doubt that Bremer pulled the trigger. But one should examine the
political situation at the time of his action. Wallace was by far the
leading candidate in the election campaign, a threat to other candidates,
and he was winning the nomination. He represented a challenge to
both parties. Nothing he said could be interpreted as racist, and in
the economic sense he carried wide appeal. The question which faced
the other candidates was how he could be stopped from disrupting the
two parties and from preventing the re-election of the President.
History will show how he was stopped and why this occurred.

28. The case in defense of Wallace's civil rights was quietly
dropped. No proper investigation was conducted. As usual in
assassination cases there was a diary. It showed that Bremer was
acting alone and was deranged. Read as a piece of literature, the
diary presents Bremer as a non-person, an illiterate unable to spell.
There is nothing regarding the people he worked with. Meanwhile, if
one examines Bremer's background, he appears an entirely different
person, Why did he travel repeatedly to Ottawa? How did he manage
to carry guns on planes? What was he doing in New York? Why was
he in Washington? And where did he get his funds? The apartment
he rented exceeds his annual income. His mother could not afford
to visit him in prison, yet he dressed well. With whom was he

_ involved?

29. All this should be looked into. Watergate brought the
electoral campaign to the fore. Why has discussion of the Bremer
shooting been excluded from the investigation? Bremer. was a part
of the 1972 campaign, yet there is no mention of Wallace or of
Bremer. Two years from now Wallace will be back.

30. Speech by Ms. Meredith Rode. Ms. Rode was very brief.

She said she became interested in the killing of George Lincoln Rockwell

in 1970, and that the case was built on circumstantial evidence exclusively.

The case is still open, for the police believe that there was an accomplice.
No funds are available for defense. ,

SECRET

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SO SECRET

23. Although the National Archives are the repository for the
Kennedy assassination documents, the FBI and the CIA are
responsible for restricting research. Much of the 300 cubic feet
of documents have been printed, a reclassification in 1971 has
released 3,000 pages, and the CIA later released more, but none of
the material released has created any sensation, The Freedom
of Information Act is not as liberal on assassination material as on
other matters, Some material was not even turned over to the
Warren Commission, The FBI and the Justice Department are alone
in knowing the results of some tests.

~~. 24. In the non-governmental area, much has been published,
and the book by Peter Noyes must be singled out particularly.

25. Speech by Mr. Robert Hanson. Mr. Hanson has become

the counsel for Sirhan Sirhan, He studied to become an engineer
and then shifted to law. (To judge from the number of cases which
he says he has lost, heshouldhave remained an engineer instead of
becoming an attorney. )

Mr. Hanson said that the Sirhan case is pretty hopeless.
The trial was based on a 100 per cent belief in Sirhan's guilt.
Therefore important witnesses were not called, and no attention
was paid to ballistics. Scientific study, however, indicates that
Sirhan Sirhan may not even have been the person who committed
the crime. But even if it is proved that his gun did not kill
Robert Kennedy, this discovery may have no influence upon Sirhan's
case. California officials have no desire to reopen the case and
funds to handle the proceedings are lacking. A book by Tiger on
the case is worthy of note. Tiger claims that Sirhan Sirhan was
acting under hypnotic influence.

26. Speech by James Lesar. Mr. Lesar, who spoke on the

Martin Luther King assassination, declared that Ray was innocent,
and that the FBI and the Justice Department were responsible for
wrongly solving the crime, Ray was framed by conspirators. The
persons presently involved in Watergate played a role in the Ray
case investigation. No private agency - only a government agency -
can solve the Ray case. All depends on whether the judiciary acts
honestly or with political consideration in mind. As it stands today,
we see Ray's rights having been abominably violated; we see lawyers
who did not do their job; and we see nothing approaching an open
‘hearing.

_ 6

SECRET

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31. There was also a speech by Robert Salzman who was
long-winded and technical. No useful coverage available.

32. Copies of materials which were available at the Conference

are attached.

A.

Cc.

D.

E.

American Political Assassinations: A Bibliography
of Works Published 1963-1970 Related to the Assassination

of John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Robert F.
; Kennedy. Compiled by The Committee to Investigate.
Assassinations, Washington, D,C., 1973.

"Decade of Assassinations -- 1963-1973", Committee
to Investigate Assassinations, 1973.

"Don't Read This Out Loud!" Intelligence Report,
The Committee for Action Research on the Intelligence
Community (CARIC),

Announcement, The announcement states that
Senator John Stennis will begin hearings on his
Bill to amend the National Security Act, in regard
to the clarification of the authority of the CIA.

-Assassination Tapes by George O'Toole. _
Published by Penthouse International Ltd., 1973.

Computers and Automation (Computers and People),

November, 1973, Volume 22, No 1l. -

SECRET

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A

ANNOUNCEMENT

Senator John Stennis, Chairman of the Armed
Services Committee, will begin hearings early in the
New Year on his Bill No. S.2597 -- to amend the National
Security act -- in regard to clarification of the .
authority of the CIA. .

The bill recently introduced by Senator Stennis
resulted in part from correspondence with Senator Edmund
Muskie, Chairman of the Senate Disarmament Subcommittee.
To some degree, these hearings were inspired by the
Watergate developments.

People with knowledge in the areas which might

be fruitful for investigation should be in touch with

Senator Stennis' Committee. For further information,

contact the Task Force For A Nuclear Test Ban,. Betty Lall

and Jo Pomerance, Co-Chairmen, care of the Project on
Budget Priorities, 1620 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.

20006.

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- ¢ — ® PUBLICATIONS
CARES puolishes a biweekly INTELLIGENCE REPORT and a
ualterly naircd COUNTER-SPY featuring various articles examining
‘he stluc.ures and operations of U.S. Iniclligance, In addition, CARIC
vub ishes occisional pamphiets on various concepts in the craft of

‘ate ligansa, CARIC also provides reprints of selected articles on

‘ate liyer ca which have appeared in other publications.

- CARIS is ¢reparing a guide to U.S. Intelligence which will serve as a
citizar: access device to the hidden world of government operations. We
,op:) that any controversy raised by this guide or any other CARIC
sub icatian will fead to public debate and resolution of the issues
Awolved. Our analysis is based in a firm belicf that no human being
should ta denicd life, liberty or the pursuit of happiness by our
overnment o%* its agents. CARIC publications aid the public effort to
‘su ‘e the vancration of this concept by: those in our government.

@ IN-FROM-THE-COLD HEARINGS

CARIS wil sponsor In-From-The-Cold Hearings featuring public
testimony by individuals intimately involved with U.S. Intelligence. The
‘earings will focus on American intervention abroad, domestic
repression in this country and the effects of secrecy on the individuals’
aersonality. Former intelligence workers and those who have been
victimized by the intelligence community will publicly relate their
vart-cipa'ion in activities of our government which can no longer be
ignored Ey youd citizens.

JOIN THE COUNTER-SPY

TEAM

Join with us in our effort to end “illegal, unconstitutional

and gross acts’ by our government. CARIG is entirely

supported by donations from American. citizens. Donate and
become a sponsoring member of the Committce for
Action/Research on the Intelligence Community. Sponsoring
members receive our bi-weekly INTELLIGENCE REPORT

and our quarterly COUNTER-SPY as well as additional —

information on government operations, CARIC actively seeks
the advice and viewpoints of all sponsoring members in our
activities. Write to CARIC, Box 647, Ben Franklin Station,
Washington, D.C, 20044, or call(202) 785-8330.

‘With your support we can prevent the visions of George
Orwell in 1984 from becoming an American reality. .

STOP THE SPYING
STOP TECHNOFASCISM

2 OD Be 688 28 OS OS GS OF 2 8 OS Oe 0 Oe nO ss we
! CARIC , A
Box 647.
me Ben Pranklin Station
Washington, D.C. 20044

I wish to sponsor the efforts of CARIC.
Ploase £ind enclosed my donation of ¢

I wish only to subscribe to the INTELLIGENCE
REPORT's and to COUNTER=SPY ($6/individual,
$10/organization) .

nu

g
8

zip
tO OF SS UE 0 20d OD ON OS OD MOS WO al Ot GD OD On os OD On

Cae

INTELLIGENCE REPORT

The Committee for Action Reasearch on we
Intelligence Community (CARIC)

\ .

4


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a
;

"ha headlines in Adicrican newspapers have for years told of Army
wy. iflence of civilians, U.S. spy planes being shot down over other
Gouwies, attempted coups and intrigue initiated by the CIA and
neestrained FBI wiretapping. Wa all know that Big Brother is
yetching, but no one in our government has takan the time to explain
vy is being spi! upon, and why we are being watched. Too often, wa
univrican citizens don’t even know who Big Brother és.

tn 1955, President Eisenhower accepted the report of the Hoover
‘unmnission on U.S. Intelligance. Among other recommendations, the
‘amissian emphasized the need for two “watchdog” commitices on
stehigenca within the executive and {cg:stative branches of
oscnment. Although a Fercign Intelligence Advisory Board (FIAB)
wy ‘stiblished to serve the President, Congress by an overwhelming
s..1ity has refused to establish a committee within the Segislative
i.och, Now, in the midst of the Watergate scandals, there is some
sevement within Congress to establish committees on the separate

“elligenge agencics. The result will be divided oversight with no —

-iianca that Congress will be able to stop illegal and unjustified
nving, With Congress abrogating its responsibilities, there is no agency
i savernment, directly responsible to the public, monitoring ithe
Juctad States Intelligence Community.

How former intelligence workers and concerned citizens have
orsed a national association to provide the vita’ information an aware
wihtie needs to know about government onerations. The Committee for
\stion/Research on the Intelligence Community (CARIC) is an
ae pendent “watchdog” on the government spy apparatus. CARIC,
pansored entirely by donations from American citizens, serves as an

Nernative source of analysis and informacion on the practices,.

witnization and objectives of U.S. Intelligerce. What clandestine
prations are being carried out in the name of America? Is the CIA
paring to entangle us in another war similar to the Indochina War?
“hat infermation is going into Federal, State, local and private data

ts an innocent American citizens? Is the FB! becoming a “secret
" he “2 force?” Whose phones are tapped in America? These are some of
h: eucstions CARIC is answering.

ZARIC knows that all conscientious America1s are closely watching
1. vents that have unfolded since the arrests made at the Watergate
atk ling. We share the hope of most Americans that the illegal

or ‘nage practices that have now been exposed will no longer be a part

“imerican political life. However, the disimar. tling of one espionage

oral loval (a one craup of politicians dees net insure that this abuse
weicr wall nat be repeated by future politicians.

Who knows what future political espionage will occur under the
guise of so-called “national security” or loyalty to an administration?
Only time will tell, but through diligence and your help CARIC will
anticipate and bring to your attention situations within the government
that are likely to produce a new “Watergate.”

Although CARIC does believe that a massive government spy
apparatus is at work in the world, we hope to dispel some of the
paranoia citizens naturally feel when there is talk of spies and wiretaps.
We know that the FB1 does not have agents behind every. tree, but there
are agents in every major community in this country who have spicd on.
innocent private and public citizens. Only a full and undisguised look
Into this hidden world can displace unwarranted fears, and guide the
public effort to end this illegal and unjustified espionage. The secrecy
with which the government surrounds itself must end.

CARIC knows that tens of thousands of American citizens from ail
walks of life were mobilized over the past decade to help bring an end
to the government's war in Indochina — a war that has taken new forms
under the direction of U.S. Intelligence agencies. CARIC hopes that
these same concerned citizens will continue to oppose the policies of
our government which bring this new form of covert war and the
Watergate scandals. It is now time for thousands of Americans to
mobilize to stop the spying as we stopped the dying. Please join us in
our effort.

THE COMMITTEE FOR ACTION/RESEARCH
ON THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY {CARIC)

INTELLIGENCE
REPORT

© CARIC ORGANIZATION
CARIC is organized to reflect the operating procedures of a typical
Intelligence organization. Our rescarch process involves collecting
information from a wide variety of sources both public and private. Our
analysis is the collective product of CARIC participants and eliminates
any csonipartmentalization of knowledge. The information and our
analysis is then disseminated through CARIC publications and separate

other journalists and qualified rescarchers,

. 3 orks by CARIC participants. In addition, CABIC provides information

@ INTELLIGENCE DOCUMENTATION CENTER (10)

CARIC is continuously collecting information on intellivence from a
variety of sources “including olficiat government oublizatioas and
documents, previous investigations, public accounts anc iterviuws
conducted with hundreds of former intelligence and jolice ager ts. The
information forms the data-base of the {ntelligence Oocumentatiun
Center maintained by CARIC, The IDC is a library cf informacion on
U.S, {Intelligence available upon request to journalists, q salitisd
researchers and members of CARIC.

© SPEAKFRS BUREAU AND WORKSH93PS .
CARIC maintairs a listing of members available to speak before
groups on a variety of subjects ranging from the foreign intelligence .
programs of our government to the problems of criminal justice in this
country, Our speakers include former intelligence workers, palice
agents and informers and others familiar with American int tlige 1¢¢.
CARIC will periodically conduct workshops tcr church, tabor,
school or community organizations. Workshop topics ‘nclurle:
¢ OPERATION PHOENIX ~ CIA assassination in Vietnan-
* SALEM HOUSE — Preparation for the coup in Caniboclia
« The CIA in Laos
* OPERATION BOULDER — An introduction to the ne<t A nerican —
war
¢ Right-wing terrorism in America
* Federal Planning for civil disturbances: Riots and d2mor-strations
* The {nternai Security apparatus and Watergate :

© MULTI-MEDIA BRIEFING

CARIC will: soon augment our workshops with a mutti-media
briefing on U.S. invelligence featuring films, video tapes, disp ays end
recorded interviews. The exhibit will dramatically ilk strate Intelligence
as practiced by our government. Our hope is to creat # super-consrious
realization by our audience of the concepts presented in th? display.

The first element of the multi-media bricfing is a slide show tracing
the growth of the intcinal security apparatus of our governn ent and
demonstrating how this apparatus influenced the Wetergate scan Isls,
The slide show terminates witty suggestions for tinting fice arth
of the internal security apparatus.

13-00000

November, 1973

se Vol 22, No. 11

Ouis

and automation

STARTING JANUARY 1, 1974 ce a] ore = Lat e cS

and people

UNTIL DECEMBER 31, 1973

WORKING TOGETHER

Cooperative Facilities to Obtain the Advantages of Computers — M. J. Cerullo

Control in Time-Sharing Systems — F.C. Gastillo
Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation — G. C. Hertlein
Computers in Science Fiction — M. Ascher
Strategy and Action on World Trade — J. H. Binger
Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions — J. P. Frankel

Nixon and the Mafia — Conclusion — J. Gerth

13-00000

‘Here is the start of the most famous article that we ever published — excerpted from the May, 1970, issue of
Computers and Automation. \f you would like to read this article, and look at the eleven photographs it contains,
send us $2 (prepayment is necessary). This issue is RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS FOR FULL REFUND (IF IN

SALABLE CONDITION). How can you lose?

Computers and Automation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160

THE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY:

THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS
TO THE PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE by

Cary

‘

.
1

Part 1. Introduction

Who Assassinated President Kennedy?

On November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, President
John F. Kennedy, while riding in an open limousine
through Dealey Plaza and waving to the surrounding
crowds, was shot to death. Lee Harvey Oswald, an
ex-Marine, and former visitor to the Soviet Union,
was arrested that afternoon in a movie theatre in
another section of Dallas; that night he was charged
with shooting President Kennedy from the sixth floor
easternmost window of the Texas School Book Deposi-
tory Building overlooking Dealey Plaza. This act
Oswald denied steadily through two days of question-
ing (no record of questions and answers was ever
preserved), Two days later while Oswald was being
transferred from one jail to another, he was shot
by Jack Ruby, a Dallas night-club owner, in the
basement of the Dallas police station, while mil-
lions of Americans watched on television. The com-
mission of investigation, appointed by President
Lyndon B. Johnson, and headed by Chief Justice Earl
Warren of the U. S. Supreme Court, published its
report in September 1964, and concluded that Oswald
was the sole assassin and that there was no conspir-
acy.

In view of the authority of the Warren Commis-
sion, that conclusion was accepted by many Americans
for a long time. But the conclusion cannot be con-
sidered true by any person who carefully considers
the crucial evidence — such as the physics of the
shooting, the timing of a number of events, and
other important and undeniable facts. In other
words, Oswald was not the sole assassin, and there
was a conspiracy.

- This article will develop that thesis, prove it
to be true on the basis of substantial, conclusive
evidence, and in particular some analysis of the
photographic evidence.

There was in fact a conspiracy. Oswald played
a role in the conspiracy, although there is con-
Clusive evidence that on November 22, 1963, he did ~
no shooting at President Kennedy, and that, just
as he claimed when he was in the Dallas jail. he
was a "patsy." At least three gunmen (and proba-
bly four) — none of whom were in the sixth floor
@asternmost window of the Texas School Book Depos-
itory building where the Warren Commission placed
Oswald — fired a total of six shots at President
Kennedy.

One of these shots missed entirely; one hit
Governor John B. Connally, Jr. of Texas, riding
with Kennedy; and four hit President Kennedy, one
in his throat, one in his back, and two in his

Richard E, Sprague
Hartsdale, New York

head. (The bulk of the undeniable evidence for
these statements about the shots consists of:

(a) the physics of the motions of Kennedy and Con-
nally shown in some 60 frames of the famous film
by Abraham Zapruder; (b) the locations of the in-
juries in kennedy and in Connally; and (c) more
than 100 pictures, consisting of more than 30
still photographs and more than 70 frames of mo-
vies.) .

More than 50 persons were involved in the con-
spiracy at the time of firing the shots. These
persons included members of the Dallas police force
(but not all of the Dallas police — and that ac-

{continued in the May 1970 issue of Computers and Automation)

Contents

Parts
Introduction
The Photographic Evidence
The Application of Computers to
the Photographic Evidence
Appendices:
Acknowledgements and Notices
Epilogue
Bibliography

Figures

Helicopter View of Dealey Plaza

Policemen and “Tramps”

"Tramps"

Policemen and “Tramps”

Policemen and “Tramps”

6th Floor Easternmost Window of the
Texas School Book Depository
Bujlding

Kennedy About the Time of the First
Shot

Kennedy After the First Three Shots
and Before the Fatal Shot

The Radio Communicator

Charts
Spatial Chart
Schematic Timing Chart

Tables
Index to Spatial Chart
Photographs Acquired. by FBI and
Unavailable
Main List of Photographs
Preliminary List of Computer Codes
Preliminary Coding Sheet for
Computer-Assisted Analysis


13-00000

THE PURSUIT OF IMPORTANT TRUTH

The magazine Computers and Automation has for more
than three years followed an unusual publication policy:

— The pursuit of truth in input, output, and pro-
cessing, for the benefit of people,

and an unusual belief:

— That computers are too important to be left to
computer experts and must be integrated into a
socially responsible profession of information
engineering. us

Wh8recthis policy has operated most is in publishing
information, articles, and reports on subjects which a
great many liberal and progressive newspapers and peri-
odicals have left unexplored or unmentioned:

— The political conspiracies which have led to the
assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Sena-
tor Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King, and
others — and their coverups

— The conspiracies, coverups, and ties in connection
with the pursuit of war in Indochina and dictator-
ship by the Saigon regime

— The connections of President Richard M. Nixon
with organized crime and the Mafia

— The Watergate crimes

{f you believe in the value of truthful, frank reporting
on the most important topics for the welfare of the
people of the United States today, we urge you to sub-
scribe to our magazine, and buy our back copies (almost
every one is in print). Please help us pursue the important
truth and report on it, by buying our products.

CdS Behan Os

Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor

Unsettling, Disturbing, Critical ...

Computers and Automation, established 1951 and
therefore the oldest magazine inthe field of com-
puters and dats processing, believesthat the pro-
fession of information engineer includes not only
competence in handling information using computers
and other means, but also a broad responsibility,
in @ professional and engineering sense, for:

— The reliability and social significance of
pertinent input data;

— The social value and truth of the output
results. :

In the same way, a bridge engineer takes a pro-
fessional responsibility for the reliability and
significance of the data he uses, and the safety
and efficiency of the bridge he builds, for human
beings to risk their lives on.

Accordingly, Computers and Automation publishes
from time to time articles and other information

related to socially useful input and output of dats
systems in a broad sense. To this end we seek to
publish what is unsettling, disturbing, critical
—~ but productive of thought and an improved and
safer "house" for all humanity, an earth in which
our children and later generations may have a fu-
ture, instead of facing extinction.

The professional information engineer needs to
relate his engineering to the most important and
most serious problems in the world today: war,
nuclear weapons, pollution, the population explo-
sion, and many more.

weer eee ee ee ee eee {may be copied on any piece of paper) - - — -—- —- —-—-—-----—--—------
TO: Computers and Automation (Computers and People, starting January 1, 1974)
815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160, U.S.A.
(_) ‘YES, please start my subscription to your magazine —

( _} Without the “Computer Directory”: { enclose (
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(_) Please send me information about the important artictes in back copies (usual cost, $2 each)

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13-00000

Vol 22, No. 11
November, 1973

Editor Edmund C. Berkeley
Assistant Barbara L. Chaffee
Editors Linda Ladd Lovett
Neil D, Macdonald
Software Stewart B, Nelson
Editor
Advegtising Edmund C, Berkeley
Direttor
Contributing —_ John Bennett
Editors Moses M. Bertin
Andrew D. Booth
dohn W. Carr III
Ned Chapin
Leslie Mezei
Bernhard W. Romberg
Ted Schoeters
Richard E. Sprague
Advisory Ed Burnett
Committee James J. Cryan
Bernard Quint
Editorial Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.

Offices 816 Washington St,
Newtonville, Mass. 02160

617-332-5453
Advertising The Publisher
Contact Berkeley Enterprises, inc.

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Postmaster: Piease send af! forms 3579
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Copyright 1973, by Berkeley Enter-
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Change of address: if your address
changes, please send us both your new
address and your old address (as it ap
Pears on the magazine address imprint), and
allow three weeks for the chanae to be

UNTIL DECEMBER 31, 1973

computers

and automation

STARTING sawuany 1, 1974 co mm p ute rs

and people

The Computer Industry -

8 Cooperative Facilities to Obtain the Advantages (tT Al
_ of Computers
by Michael J. Cerullo, State University of New York,
Albany, N.Y.

How to plan, before operations begin, a cooperative service
bureau that will provide its sponsors with all the advantages
of electronic data processing, plus the advantages of greatly
reduced expenses.

10 Control in Time-Sharing Systems {T Al]
by Fermin Caro dei Castillo, Fort Worth, Texas
How time-shared computer systems should be controlled,
made secure, and protected against incursions and hazards.

14 Alienation and the Systems Anatyst {T A]
by Alan E. Brill, The Chase Manhattan Bank, New York, N.Y.
How systems analysts are often looked upon as in a
“computer department” and outside of the firm — and
what might be done to correct this practice. °.

Computers and Art

18 Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation {T A]
by Grace C. Hertlein, California State University-Chico,
Chico, Calif. :
How computer art is ranging through variation in patterns,
variations in design, and varying philosophies of art — and
where it may go.

Computers and the Future

20 Computers in Science Fiction — 11 {NT A]
by Marcia Ascher, Professor of Mathematics, Ithaca College,
Ithaca, N.Y. ;
A survey of some two dozen themes of importance in
the real world that are reflected in science fiction when
astute writers explore the significance of computers to
human beings.

6 The Understanding of Natural Language by Computers [NT E]
by Edmund C, Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation
Some rather convincing evidence suggests that before long
some large areas of ordinary natural language will be un-
derstood by computers.

World Affairs and Social Policy e

15 Strategy and Action on World Trade INT A]
by James H. Binger, Chairman, Honeywell Inc., Minneapolis,
Minn.
Why it is important for the well-being of the people of |
the United States to aid the international division of
‘labor and production: — a discussion bv the head of a

— =

13-00000

The ‘magazine of the design, applications, and implications of
information processing systems — and the pursuit of truth in
input, output, and processing, for the benefit of people.

SE

World Affairs and Social Policy (continued)

33 Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions [NT A]
by J. P. Frankel, Dean of the Faculty, Harvey Mudd
College, Claremont, Calif.
Which projects and problems should scientists work on?
and which projects and problems should receive support
by the government and which from other sources?

The Profession of Information Engineer and the Pursuit of Truth

ZUnsettling, Disturbing, Critical {NT F]
Statement of policy by Computers and Automation
3 The Pursuit of Important Truth ; {NT F]

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor
Four kinds of truth that are regularly unexplored and
. unmentioned.

36 Nixon and the Mafia — Conclusion {NT A]
by Jeff Gerth, SunDance Magazine, San Francisco, Calif.
The many connections of President Richard M. Nixon
with organized crime, scandal, etc.

26 Burying Facts and Rewriting History — tl INT A]
by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation
Taken together the information published May 1970 to
November 1973 in Computers and Automation effectively
destroys a large segment of the beliefs, the rewritten history,
that the establishment in the United States has arranged for
the people in the United States to believe.

28 Political Assassinations in the United States INT R]
Inventory of 41 articles published in Computers and ;
Automation May 1970 to October 1973 on the assassi-~
nations of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert
Kennedy, Reverend Martin Luther King, and other polit-
ically important persons in the United States: titles,
authors, and summaries.

27 The Watergate Crimes INT R]
Inventory of 12 articles published in Computers and
Automation August 1972 to September 1973 on the
burglarizing of the Democratic National Committee offices
in the Watergate Building, Washington, D.C., June 17,

1972, and the ramifications: titles, authors, and summaries.

Computers, Puzzles, and Games

35 Numbles . [Tt c}
by Neil Macdonaid

. Corrections

For changes in “The Path to Championship Chess by Computer” by
Professor Donald Michie published in the January 1973 issue of
Computers and Automation, see page 23 of this issue, or page 24 of
the July issue.

For changes in the reprinting and the indexing of “Communication —
Three Wav: Chimoanzee. Man. Comouter” .oublished in the Julv issue.

Front Cover Picture

Three eighth graders - each from
a different continent - are working
together to solve complex mathe-
matics problems. They are at the
new United Nations International
School, and are Laurence Ling May,
a Chinese-Thai American; Catharina
Nilson of Stockholm, Sweden; and
Arun Alagappan of India. The
minicomputer system is a gift from
Digital Equipment Corp. For more
information, see page 43 of th
July 1973 issue. .

Departments

42 Across the Editor’s Desk —
Computing and Data
Processing Newsletter

50 = Advertising Index

50 Calendar of Coming Events

32 «Classified Advertisement

48 Monthly Computer Census

46. New Contracts

47 ~— New Installations

23 «=Statement of Ownership

Key

[Al — Article
{[C] — Monthly Column
[E] — Editorial :
(F] — Forum
[INT] = Not Technical
[IR] — Reference
‘{T]  — Technical

NOTICE’

*O ON YOUR ADDRESS IMPRINT
MEANS THAT YOUR SUBSCRIP-
TION INCLUDES THE COMPUTER
OIRECTORY. °N MEANS THAT
YOUR PRESENT SUBSCRIPTION

DOES NOT INCLUDE THE COM-
BUITER MIRECTARV , .

13-00000

EDITORIAL

The Understanding of Natural Language by Computers

Proposition: Computers are making long strides towards
understanding natural language as used by human
beings, and will eventually understand such language
as well as many human beings do.

What do we mean by: computers? understanding lan-

guage?-natural language? And what is the evidence for this
proposition?

The word “computers” here refers to powerful comput-
ers that have appropriate programs written by human be-
ings plus the programmed capacity to improve their pro-
grams by using experience. An example of such improve-
ment is Dr. A. L. Samuels’ famous checker-playing pro-
gram, which can learn from experience, and which plays
far better checkers than Dr. Samuels himself can play.

The experience may consist of the following at least:

Answers from human beings to questions posed by
the computer;

Differences between computed results and @ priori
specified results;

Signals from the environment, such as instrument
readings;

Information obtained by “looks” at the environment,
as for example recognition of the character A, as
in optical character recognition;

The interpretation of words, as with FORTRAN ex-
pressions.

Probably there are even more categories of experience
which a powerful computer program can use to modify it~
self to become even a better program.

In regard to “understanding language”, there are over
500 languages which computers have been programmed to
understand, when written precisely according to stated
tules: among them, BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, many
kinds of machine language, etc.

“Natural language” is the ordinary language used by hu-
man beings, subject to the requirement that for a computer
‘implicit understandings must be stated. For example, when
a speaker exclaims “Ouch!”, a great deal of the meaning
comes from the listener’s observations of the speaker. But
a computer, like a blind man, cannot “see” the situation,
and must be told more than the ordinary. listener.

With some definitions taken care of, let us consider evi-
dence for the main proposition stated above. This evidence
includes the information published in several recent ar-
ticles in Computers and Automation, ~

The article “Do What I Mean’ — The Programmer’s As-
sistant”, by Warren Tcitelman, in the April 1972 issue,

described a “‘programmer’s assistant”, called “DWIM”; this
was a “front end” or preprocessor to an interactive pro-
gram for operating with LISP expressions. The front end
was tolerant of the programmer’s mistakes in typing, in low-

mistake occurred, it would inquire of the human program-
mer what he meant, suggesting the correctly spelled alter-
native, and so on. In this way the human programmer was
relieved of much of the burden of expressing himself ex-
actly and correctly the first time, and his efficiency in
using the LISP interactive program greatly increased.

The three articles “Computer Programming Using Natu-
ral Language” by Edmund C. Berkeley, Andy Langer, and
Casper Otten, in the June, July, and August 1973 issues,
demonstrated the understanding by a computer program
called GENIE of at least some sets of instructions in ordi-
nary natural language. The vocabulary though small was
free; and there was unlimited freedom in putting the words
together, with about a 90% chance of complete under-
standing. The computer program that did this could be
called 15% GENIE, because, as the authors emphasized, it
was still in an early stage of development.

The article “Latest Computers See, Hear, Speak, and
Sing — and May Outthink Man” by David Brand, in the
October 1973 issue, enumerated many instances of com-
puters (and robots equipped with computers) which could
deal with concepts expressed in natural language. One of
the programs mentioned could for example decipher natu-
ral language commands dealing with the stacking of blocks
of various shapes, sizes, and colors.

The main tasks for understanding natural language ap-
pear to be the following:

Recognition of the framework of a sentence;

Recognition of the common meaning of groups of
synonyms, the collection of words that “say
the same thing”;

Knowledge of context: the context is regularly
specified to the computer, so that it does not
have to deduce the context from “what is being
said”; .

Knowledge of a limited vocabulary consisting of per-
haps 300 to 500 words — knowledge in the sense
that the computer program can attach meaning to
the words either by themselves or in phrases, as
for example it may attach the meaning of doing
something three times to the numeral 3;

Capacity to accept variation in the way something is
stated by a human programmer.

The three articles referred to above show instances of
the achievement of all of these tasks separately. Combin-
ing all the achievements should not be too hard, especially
since children as young as four years old show complete
capacities to listen to many kinds of natural language, un-

derstand, and respond.
Sarwndc. Bahay

_ --_

|
|

13-00000

' o The Notebook on
COMMON SENSE, ELEMENTARY AND ADVANCED

is devoted to development, exposition, and illustration of what
may be the most important of all fields of knowledge:

WHAT IS GENERALLY TRUE AND IMPORTANT

JUDGEMENT
AND
MATURITY

WISDOM

ty

TECHNIQUES
FOR

SOLVING
PROBLEMS

TECHNIQUES SOME PARTS SOME PARTS AVOIDANCE
“FOR OF OF +
AVOIDING OPERATIONS LOGICAL
MISTAKES RESEARCH FALLACIES

PURPOSES:

to help you avoid pitfalls

to prevent mistakes before they happen

to display new paths around old obstacles
to point out new solutions to old problems

to stimulate your resourcefulness

to increase your accomplishments

to improve your capacities

to help you solve problems

to give you more tools to think with

ae REASONS TO BE INTERESTED IN THE FIELD OF
COMMON SENSE, WISDOM, AND GENERAL SCIENCE

COMPUTERS are important —

But the computer field is over 25 years old. Here is a new
field where you can get in on the ground floor to make
your mark.

MATHEMATICS is important —

But this field is more important than mathematics, because
common sense, wisdom, and general science have more
applications.

WISDOM is important —

This field can be reasonably calied “the engineering of
wisdom”,

COMMON SENSE is important —

This field includes the systematic study and development of
common sense. .

SCIENCE is important —

This field includes what is common to all the sciences, what
Is generally true and important in the sciences.

MISTAKES are costly and to be AVOIDED — .
This field includes the systematic study of the prevention o
mistakes.

MONEY is important —

The systematic prevention of mistakes in your organization
Might save 10 to 20% of its expenses per year.

OPPORTUNITY is important —

If you enter or renew your subscription to both Computers
and Automation and the Notebook on Common Sense at
the same time, direct to us, — you may take off $2.00 per
year from the total cost.

ANALYSIS

THE SYSTEMATIC

PREVENTION OF MISTAKES

Already Published

Preventing Mistakes from:

Failure to Understand
Forgetting
Unforeseen Hazards
Placidity

To Come

Preventing Mistakes from:

Bias

Camouflage
interpretation
Distraction
Gullibility

Failure to Observe
Failure to Inspect
Prejudice

’ : (may be copied on any piece of paper}

Topic:
SYSTEMATIC EXAMINATION
OF GENERAL CONCEPTS
Already Published

The Concept of:
Expert
Rationalizing
Feedback
Model
Black Box
Evolution

_ Niche

To Come’

Strategy
Understanding
Teachabie Moment
indeterminacy

System

Operational Definition

To: Computers and Automation
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Cooperative Facilities to Obtain

the Advantages of Computers

Michael J. Cerulio

Asst. Professor of Accounting

State Univ. of New York at Albany
1400 Washington Ave.

Albany, N.Y. 12222

ote

“Because of general dissatisfaction, 30% of the surveyed service bureau clients
planned to discontinue using service bureaus. “ .

Computer Use

A recent study of 2,500 companies conducted by
the Research Institute of America, revealed that 55%
of the firms regularly use computers in conducting
their business. Further breakdown of the study
shows that an average of 32% own or lease their own
computers, and 23% use an outside service bureau for
processing data.

While a majority of the companies surveyed do use
computers in some form, a significant 45%.of. the re-
Spondents do not use any type of computerized data
processing service. Those companies cited the fol-
lowing reasons for not using computers:2

Per Cent

Operation too small

Too costly . 35
Looked into and tabled for the present 31
Present methods satisfactory 21
Plan to install a computer within a 8

year
Plan to begin using a service bureau 8
: within a year

Other 13
Total (multiple answers) 166%

Service Bureau Use

In addition to the non-users, another recent
Study revealed that most service bureau clients are
not effectively using their service bureau and, as
& result, are receiving few, if any, of the advan-
tages of electronic: data processing (EDP). Most
of the surveyed service bureau clients were:3

1. Receiving routine services which do not save
- them money.

2. Not planning to expand into more sophisticated,
- higher-payoff applications.

3. Not receiving indirect benefits and savings,
such as improved information for decision
making.

4, Not satisfied with current services.

The study also disclosed that because of the gen-
eral dissatisfaction, 30% of the surveyed service
bureau clients planned to discontinue using service
bureaus and purchase in-house computers.4

Cooperative Service Bureaus

Both non-users and dissatisfied service bureau
clients, therefore, offer a ready market for a newer
approach to obtaining the advantages of EDP — the
formation of a cooperative service bureau. A coop-
erative service bureau consists of several sponsor-
ing firms who jointly own a computer and share in
its operating costs at a much lower expense than in-
dividual ownership of a computer. If carefully
planned before operations begin, a cooperative ser-
vice bureau will provide its sponsors with ail the
advantages of EDP plus many other advantages unique
to jointly-shared facilities and personnel.

Among these additional advantages are:

1. The sponsors would purchase a computer tai-
lored to their specific needs.

2. They would have’ exclusive use of the computer.

3. Their computer would he available for use at
any time.

4. They could share the costs of any computer
programs developed.

5S. They could share the costs of any package or
canned computer programs purchased.

6. They would have available for their exclusive
use a staff of data processing experts and
& computer — at a fraction of the cost of
individual ownership.

Factors Insuring the Success of the Cooperative
,

The first step in forming a successful coopera-
tive service bureau ‘is to enroll an appropriate num-
ber of comapnies. Ideally the cooperative should be
limited to five or six sponsoring firms. A larger
number may create unmanageable problems involving
operations, communications, control. scheduling of
computer time, and so forth. A smaller number may
make the venture economically unfeasible.

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. ‘ Lack of Interest

At the present time, widespread lack of interest
fs Joining @ cooperative is more of a problem to po-
qestial organizers than too much demand. The author
eonstacted a number of public accounting firms about
the feasibility of forming cooperatives and found
trat three firms who had already made such an at- ;
teapt could not interest enough firms to join. Their
comments were:

= We tried to organize one several years ago;
the firms contacted were not interested.

— We would like to explore this possibility
but we can't get anyone else interested.

— At present there appears to be a tragic lack
of interest locally by other CPA firms.
—_

Crquestionably, one reason for the lack of inter-
est is a misunderstanding of the true nature of a
cooperative. Interested companies must therefore be
prepared to sell the idea to others. As more pub-
lished material becomes available in the field, this
problem should be alleviated.

Confidential Information

A second major reason for lack of interest is
that companies fear for the control and security of
thelr confidential or sensitive information. Such a
eoncern is certainly legitimate and underscores the
aeced for a cooperative that is to be successful, to
devise an adequate system for quality control and
security. A committee responsible for such a system
should be established at the outset by the sponsor-
beg firms.

Protection

One of its duties should be to adequately safe-
guard the sponsors’ records and documents against
fire, theft, water, and other hazards and disasters.
Statistics compiled by the Safe Manufacturers Na-
tional Association show that about one-half of com-
panies whose important records and documents were
destroyed through some catastrophe never resumed
business or were permanently closed down within six
Sonths; an additional 13% suffered serious economic
tapairment and were able to remain in business only
under severe operating handicaps.5 For this reason
the quality control and security committee must see
thatthe cooperative service bureau maintains:

Protective devices

fireproof vaults

a@ method of reconstructing any destroyed
records

adequate insurance to cover loss of impor-
tant client records or documents

The committee must also take measures to prevent
one client's records from becoming commingled with
Seother client's records — a not-unlikely occurrence
$0 such an environment.

.

Preventing Disclosure

Finally, the committee should determine how to
Prevent disclosure of confidential ipformation. For
*aaaple, no member of any sponsoring company should
be allowed in certain Strategic parts of the com-
peler center. Likewise, each company's records
. phovia be coded and the code number known only to

*y computer center personnel. In cases requiring
stwost security, the actual processing of data
should be monitored by a key employee of the com-
Peter center or possibly by a representative of a

disinterested third party, such as a firm of inde-
pendent public accountants.

Sharing of Expenses: Startup Costs

With an adequate number of sponsoring firms lined
up and a sound security system worked out. the third
necessity in establishing a successful cooperative
is to determine methods of sharing the expenses.
There are two categories of costs to consider:

1. Startup costs. These include all costs incur-
red prior to the time that the cooperative commences
operations. Startup costs are either directly
traceable to a particular firm or are joint or com-
mon to all firms. An example of a direct cost would
be that of analyzing, modifying, and redesigning of
Systems prior to conversion to the computer. An ex-
ample of a joint or common cost would be the cost of
computer housing, including air conditioning, engi-
neering supervision, false floors, ducts and pipes,
tranformers or motor generators, cabling and wiring,
and overhead racks and supports.

Each sponsoring firm should pay for its own di-
rect costs. Joint costs should be shared equally or
apportioned among the firms according to some equi-
table formula.

° Operating Costs

2. Operating costs. These include the monthly
hardware and software costs to operate the coopera-
tive. Hardware costs refer to the periodic rental
or purchase charge for the computer equipment. As a
minimum the computer equipment consists of an input
unit, a central processing unit, and an output unit.
Software costs include personnel costs, programming
costs, testing and debugging costs, magnetic tapes,
disc packs, punched cards. paper, paper tapes, re-
pair parts, power, telecommunication lines, and so
on.

Operating costs that are directly traceable
should be paid by the using firm. Joint or common
costs can be shared equally or can be allocated to
each firm based on the number of transactions pro-
cessed or the actual computer processing time used
during the period. In addition, if so desired, a
sponsor could be required to pay a minimum or maxi-
mum monthly charge.

Management

Fourthly, the sponséring companies should decide
how to manage the venture. It is advisable to form
&@ committee to oversee the management and operation
of the cooperative. A decision must be made whether
each member regardless of size should have one vote
or whether another basis of voting should be used.
This decision should assure participants that no one
firm will dominate or control the cooperative.

Common Line of Business

7

A factor not to be overlooked when forming a co-
operative, one which will avoid frustrations, com-
plications, and extra expenses, is to see that each
member is in the same industry or business category.
Thus all sponsoring firms will have similar operat-
ing problems that can be simultaneously solved by
the computer personnel, resulting in the allocation
of smaller costs to each firm for each problem
solved. Also computer programs developed or pack-
aged programs purchased can be shared by all spon-
sors with minimum modifications, thus resulting. in
considerable programming cost savings.

(please turn’ to page 13)

13-00000

Control in Time-Sharing Systems

Fermin Caro del Castillo
6043 Westridge Lane
Fort Worth, Texas 76116

“A time-sharing installation (like every computer environment) is exposed to the seven major
dangers: fire, water, theft, fraud, sabotage, equipment malfunctions, and human errors.”

, , fy
— to
~ Introduction

This article has as its main objective to furnish
and define some methods and provisions for control
and security in a computer time-sharing environment.

It is evident that computer time-sharing has be-
come very popular during recent years, More and
more confidential information is being handled by
these systems, creating an urgent need for strong
measures of control and security.

Description of the System

The service provided by a single computer to many
telecommunications terminals has been called "com-
puter time-sharing”. With this type of service each
user shares simultaneously in the processing capa-
bilities of the central processor. This new com-
puter facility makes this service available to small
companies and/or other users who have little need
for their own computer.

Computing services that may go under the heading
of time-sharing include:

Commercial computing; text editing; databank
information retrieval services; application
services such as colleges' records, inventory
control, payrolls of small companies, and ac-
count receivables; administrative messages;
switching and collection services; and more.

Among the great number of time-sharing users are
hospitals (Welch Hospital, one of the biggest in
Europe, has acquired the large ICL 1904S computer
with 7020 terminals), banks (Gosbank, the national
bank of the USSR, has ordered two large-scale Honey-
well series 600 with 100 terminals), schools and
colleges (British schools and colleges have started
using terminals), airlines (Continental Airlines
uses the Sonic 360 reservation system with 550 on-
line terminals).

Trends

The growth in computer time-sharing has beén phe-
nomenal in recent years in spite of a short business
recession between 1970 and 1972, Time sharing was a
broker's dream in the '60s; many companies realized
its potential, entered the market, and failed be-
cause of: one, strong competitive pressure, and two,
because of the countless thefts and violations suf-
fered. The highly competitive situation benefited
the user in regard to pricing, but the offsetting
consequence of lower profits caused a high casualty
Tate among these companies, As a result, the number
of time-sharing firms dropped from 150 to 50 between
1969 and 1972,

A few of the companies which survived and which
account for most of today's time-sharing business
are Rapidata Corporation, Teletype Corporation (a
subsidiary of AT&T), Tymeshare Incorporated (the
largest independent firm and second only in size to
IBM and Honeywell time-sharing operations), and IBM

Jerry Dreyer, executive president of ADAPSO, an
‘association of data processing service organizations
estimates that one time-sharing company out of three
was profitable in 1971, two out of five in 1972, and
probably three out of six in 1973. Nowadays, this
computer facility is coming back to its original
trend, and it is expected that the number of com-
puters with terminals will grow from 32% at the end
of 1971 to 45% at the end of 1975, with the average
central processing unit driving 15 to 20 terminals.

One consultant, Creative Strategies of Palo Alto,
California, predicts that time-sharing sales by 1976
will increase to 2 billion from 331 million last
year, By 1975, says ADAPSO's Dreyer, time-sharing
will account for 1/3 of the $4.5 billion computer
services industry.

Technological Advances

Most important technological advances have been
achieved recently on on-line terminals linked to
central processors. Some of the improvements made
include solid state keyboards, which have greater
reliability and lower cost; visual display methods,
which incorporate more capacity, economy, and aes-
thetic appeal; non-impact printing techniques, which
provide faster, quieter and more reliable opera-
tions; improved lower cost memories; more powerful
logic capability; and faster and more accurate
modern techniques and improvements in central proc-
essor software,

This is only the beginning. It is foreseen that
in the future the equipment itself will change in
nature and will probably not be recognizable as
terminals per se. Rather, terminals wil] be modu-
lar systems consisting of the required input/output
functions for specific jobs, built around basic con-
troller and communication interfaces; in many in-
stances, terminals will become special purpose de-
vices.

Hazards °

A time-sharing installation, like every computer
environment, is exposed to the seven major dangers
of fire, water, theft, fraud, sabotage, EDP equip-
ment malfunctions, and human errors. Fire is con-
sidered to be the greatest threat to magnetic tapes.
Water does not constitute an important hazard to
magnetic tapes, but it does to computer installa-

13-00000

: ft, fraud, sabotage, EDP equipment mal-
thea ate and human errors are considered the most

aempoa dangers.

Oe-ifne terminals connected to central processors
frag ve@ecte points are more exposed to violations
eet thefts, The increasing popularity of time-
sverteg systems among large corporations and ser-
sice bureaus has given rise to even more potential
wecerity breaches, Data transmitted over a com-
eusicetton line could be subject to wire tapping and
oe ewer of other hazards such as piggyback entry,
eteredy the intruder intercepts and compromises
dmmaication between a terminal and the processor
stile @ legitimate user is inactive but still hold-
iz the line open. The intruder can even cancel
tae eser’s sign-off signal and continue operating
je bis mame. A knowledgeable person could enter
grepees changes from a termina] and play havoc with
Ite System,

Need for Protection

Due to the increasing popularity of computing
services, the issue of control and security pro-
tection has become more important. It is evident
tte time-sharing systems present few obstacles to
aeeuthorized parties, The security problem has been
sade much more critical by the growing number of
people trained in computers and by the fading of the
tamputer mystique. In addition, communication by
erens of time-sharing systems has no more protection
than telephone conversations or Morse-coded methods,
thace the technological skills necessary to inter-
pret computerized data are widespread. More and
@ore companies are appointing security monitors from
thelr EOP staffs to centralize security matters,
Trade organizations such as the American Management
Association and the Bank Administration Institute,
computer firms, and research firms such as Advance-
eval Management Research, Inc. find their seminars
ea computer security overcrowded by data processing
Gasegers and security officers from business and
qesernment,

Target of Attacks

Computers have become an important source of in-
formation and, as a result, the target of many at-
Vachs. Some of the general information targets for
{sdustrial espionage are sales and service informa-
thoa, market analysis strategies, bid prices, cor-
borate finance, stockholder information, legal ne-
votfations, planned policy changes, expansion plans,
product developments, personnel changes, payroll
date, general administrative matters; and the list
tevld be expanded even more,

Threats

The case of an 16 year-old Cincinnati youth who
sted long distance telephone to tap the lines of a
Ulme sharing system firm in Louisville, Kentucky,
sed extracted data from its ledgers, as well as rec-
re of its customers, is representative of the type
ef eisk to which computer installations are exposed.

ue eeldents can have serious consequences such as

a ectdent in which income tax return records for

; “ere erased by energy emitted from the radar of
Scerby airport in Austin, Texas.

Safeguards

weal As faportant to consider that too much control
come ©O many security safeguards can become bother-
sesctnn costly, The measures to protect data from
hice Orized access vary from one system to another.
ee nine to Richard F, Cross, Security Office for
ank of New York. security svstems should ine

clude each of the following segments: physical se-
curity; personnel security; procedural security;
audit control; insurance; and any needed interfacing.

The quality and level of protection required de-
pends on the sensitivity of the data handled, Never-
theless, control and security in a time-sharing en-
vironment should encompass the whole system, since
it is well known that even the strongest control
measures can be violated at the weakest point. These
measures should be taken in the central processing
unit, software, personnel, communication lines, the
terminal, and its users.

Methods and Provisions —
Central Processing Unit

The central processor is threatened mostly by
sabotage, fire, water, theft, EDP equipment mal-
functions, human accidental errors and environmen-
tal problems.

The computer center of any company is the heart
of the organization, and protection of the equip-
ment against these threats can be provided by a
carefully planned computer room. Luis Scoma, Presi-
dent of Data Processing Security, Inc., recommends
that the computer center be located out of the main
traffic areas. It must be fireproof, dustfree, and
waterproof and provided with temperature and humid-
ity control and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.
Water lines should not run through the computer
room. A separate, fireproof storage area should be
provided for data files, documentation, and oper-
ating supplies. It should also have alarm devices
sensitive to magnetism, humidity, heat, pressure,
dust, theft, power blackout, etc. There should be
strong access control including armed guards,
fenced areas, TV monitors, personnel identification
(visual, voice print, fingerprint, badge, passwords,
etc.), well-performed maintenance service, and a
number of extra provisions for protection,

Data Processing Security, Inc. has developed, for
high security necessities, an electronically oper-
ated double door entry system for access control in-
to the computer room, When a person enters the buf-
fer zone, the door locks behind him while he is sub-
jected to electronic search. If something is de-
tected, the system freezes and automatically alerts
the security guard. The second door can be opened
only with a special badge key.

A carbon dioxide (C09) fire extinguishing system,
such as the one installed at the Chase Manhattan
Bank's New York City headquarters, has proved use-
ful. Engineered by Walter Kidde & Co., Inc., this
System uses a battery of remotely located cylinders
containing the liquid gas. When activated by smoke
detectors, the gas discharges and builds up an in-
ert atmosphere in the immediately surrounding area,
extinguishing the fire without damaging equipment or
data files. Employees can go back to work within
five minutes after the fire has been put out and the
ventilation systems restarted.

Another fire-fighting system which has been de-
veloped by the Ansul Company uses Halon extinguish-
ing agents which are discharged in the form of a
colorless, odorless, and non-toxic gas. *Since Halon
agents do not work by diluting oxygen, they are
well-suited for areas. where humans are present,

The Guaranty Bank and Trust Co. of Worcester,
Mass., has adopted another approach to fire-fighting,
a system installed by Security Control Systems which
detects fire, smoke and excessive temperatures and
humiditv fluctuations and causes a monilesing and

13-00000

reporting device to alert four pre-selected phone
numbers for help.

Software

Protection of data files, whether in the form of
punch cards, magnetic tapes, or discs, is the key
element in any computer facility.

Some specific examples of software security con-
trol measures are audit trails, access regulations,
strong supervision of computer operators, the use
and control of programs utilizing program documen-
tation methods, the use of a Jog for all significant
events (such as user identification, file use and
attempts of unauthorized use), regulations to pre-
vent unauthorized personne! from browsing through
the files, and the use of a semi-automatic data. in-
ventory control system.

‘

_— Personne!

Physical control as to who is allowed near the
computer and the files is advisable. Note that this
does not mean “employees only"; it implies a careful
screening of employees, repairmen, and visitors to
determine which of them should be allowed this prox-
imity to the system. Intimately involved with time-
sharing installations are three types of personnel:
operators, programmers, and maintenance engineers.

According to Dennis Van Tassel, mathematician and
head programmer at San Jose State College, all oper-
ators must understand that there exists a protection
philosophy. If personnel are expected to help en-
force and to comply with this protection philosophy,
it must be clearly defined and specified,

It is advisable to use the following provisions
for personnel control: control of logs and monitor,
division of responsibilities, rotation of duties,
adequate supervision to reduce the risk of losses
caused by accident or error, careful handling of
@ata files, cleanliness regulations, control access
to private files, and appropriate instruction in
case of disasters.

Terminals

Some of the most common pitfalls encountered
when using terminals are frequent communication in-
terruptions, risk of communication interception,

difficult access control, and noisy lines.

Among the greatest disadvantages of time-sharing
services are those in connection with the communi-
cation lines which link the terminals to the central
processing unit. Telephone lines are designed for
voice communication rather than data communication,
and the results have been that such lines are too
noisy and have too many interruptions for appropri-
ate handling of data communication.

There have been some recent developments in the
improvement of data transmissions. Bell System has
developed its Digital Data Service (DDS), a data
transmission system which has been introduced early
this year in five cities (New York, Boston, Phila-
delphia, Washington, and Chicago); and, by the end
of 1974, twenty-four cities are expected to have it.
Bell further plans to provide continuous monitoring
of their DDS channels. When errors of transmission
are detected, DDS will notify the customer, Deci-
sion on retransmission will be the customer's re-
sponsibility. Another development in data communi-
cation is DUV (data under voice}. By late 1973 this
technique will be in service between New York and
Chicago; consequently, communication problems should

become virtually nonexistent within the near future,
and this system will become even more popular.

Telephone lines are vulnerable to three types of
security problems: wire tapping, piggyback, and
user's sign-off signa] cancellation, These common
threats may be avoided by the use of a privacy
transformation method (also called scramblers or
cryptographic techniques). This is a non-singular
(reversible) operation which conceals the original
message either by the substitution of new characters,
rearrangement of the characters, or by the adding of
strings of digits to the original message.

Some new techniques for encrypting data have
evolved, such as high speed transmission and signal
scrambling. In spite of all of these new tech~
niques, it is still possible to intercept and tap
the information. According to Tuckerman, unauthor-
ized users (intruders) who possess only limited ma-
terial and information with which to work, can read-
ily extract the original text of enciphered mes-
sages by making use of the speed, capacity, and
computational abilities of the computer.

The greater the efficiency of the privacy trans-
formation, the more difficult it becomes for unauth-
orized copying of files.

Access Control

Access to the system throughout the communication
lines should be controlled by the central processing
unit and by the user's own procedures. This is pos-
sible by cryptographic and scramble techniques, per-
sonnel regulations, user identification, appropriate
terminal location, or by ciphering and deciphering
hardware. .

Computer software packages have been written to
cipher data transmissions. Ciphering software is
an attractive technique because it can be done auto-
Matically by the program which creates the data and
at a very low cost. Only programs using the match-
ing deciphering technique are able to use this data.
These special hardware cipher devices can be located
at the terminal-and at the computer to protect
transmitted data.

Scramblers or voice privacy devices are currently
being used by people who readily acknowledge the in-
security of transmitted information. Scramblers are
used by large corporations such as the oil industry
as well as by union representatives during contract
negotiation time. (Scramble phones are currently a
20 to 30 million-dollar business, excluding law en-
forcement and military purchases). Scramble devices
are now being built for time-sharing operations.
These devices offer protection similar to encryption.
Scramblers convert data into something resembling
channel noise or a malfunctioning circuit.

Other features for terminals include print in-
hibit, security keylock, operator identification
card reader, and the use of a terminal identifier.
With print inhibit the terminal operator can enter
data, such as security passwords, without its being
physically displayed. A physical keylock can be at-
tached to the terminal which will not allow the
entry of data, The operator identification card
reader reads magnetically encoded information on a
magnetic strip card. The card can be used to supply
the user's password and/or name,

Direct access device security features include
file mask, volume detection, and write-exhibit
Switch. The file mask controls or allows read-only

13-00000

eg reed-urlte access to data sets, The volume de-
sectfoa switch alerts the control program when the
aaleme ds increased; this protects data from being
esttten upon, This switch provides additional pro-
gectbon for read-only volumes.

we Insurance

Uf date security measures fail, the use of EDP
asserance can back-up or soften the blow. Every
gapiaess of person who now has an in-house computer,
aye rates or is a user of a service bureau, or trans-
asts data to a data center should be computer-secur-
sty conscious. Insurance is one of the back-up
weaveres if prevention fails. However, not all
bestacss can afford or even need an elaborate and
eapeasive security system; thus, evaluation of the
teformation becomes necessary to determine those
ecctauons of the system which require this protection.

‘ae subject matter of ordinary insurance coverage
ts physical damage to tangible property. In this
eoee, software and data are not covered. Business
feterruption insurance protects you in the event of

. fore or other interruptions to normal business but
dors mot cover the consequences. Boiler explosion
goiscies which also insure other heating mishaps do
eet cover computer operations. Theft and employee
dishonesty are also insured in terms of general
tush, Valuable papers and records’ coverage pro-
aises protection in the event of destruction of such
batanyibles as notes and account receivable records
tat dors not include such computer media as valuable
Fapers. Public liability insures the company for
ats acts or omission of acts which give rise to
¢lelas by outsiders against the company.

Insurance can prevent an unfortunate event from
«coming a catastrophe. When a person buys an in-
eesaence policy, he knows that he will be indemnified
4{ a loss does occur. .

Some of the insurance companies which write EDP
policies are the Saint Paul Fire and Marine Insur-
tace Co,, Insurance Company of North America, The
Moar Insurance Co., and Royal Assurance of America.

Insurance premiums generally correspond to the
tegular fire policy rates plus an added loading fac-
tor for the additional EDP perils.

Cadoubtedly any computer installation, regardless
6f the quality and level of its security system,
€oeaut approach the state of no risk of loss. Se-
Serity is based on a "cost-benefit" concept; in
etter words the cost of violating the system should
o greater than the gain derived therefrom.

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Mstom, Jeffrey N.° “The Terminal that Thinks for

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Bertran, Peter, “Software Security." Data Proces-
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Goldstein, Seth. "A New Life for Time-Sharing.”
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Hebditch, D. L. "A Simple Terminal Language for a
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Koehn, Hank E, “Are Companies Bugged about Bugging?"
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Murphey, Wayne E. and Daniel V. Olson. “Controlling
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Salzman, Roy M. and Arthur D. Little. “An Outlook
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1972,

“Security in Data Processing." Data Processor.

Vol. 16, No. 1, February, 1973.
Simis, T. L. “Telephone Service: The Rules of the
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port. Vol. 7, No. 6, January 17, 1972.

Van Tassel, Dennis. Computer Security Management.
Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1972.

Zaiden, Dennis J. "Special EDP Insurance: Who Needs

It?" Data Processing Magazine. Vol. 14, No. l,
Spring, 1972. Oo

Cerullo — Continued from page 9
Procedure for Withdrawal

Sixth, a procedure should be established for
withdrawal from the cooperative. If the withdraw-
ing firm has not been a member for a predetermined
time, perhaps one or two years, a Sliding scale
penalty fee for withdrawal should be established.

Procedure for Admission -

Finally, procedures must be determined to govern
the admission of new members into the cooperative.
Perhaps a unanimous affirmative vote by current mem-
bers should be required to admit a new member. The
current members should also decide if a newly admit-
ted member should be required to pay a predetermined
portion of the cooperative's startup costs and if
the cooperative should limit membership to firms of
the same approximate size as current members.

Conclusion

With due care taken in following the above steps,
establishing a successful cooperative service bureau
should be relatively easy. Companies would be well
advised to consider the idea seriously, for cooper-
ative service bureaus offer a viable and in many ways su-
perior alternative to the more costly inhouse computer
and the less satisfactory outside service bureau,

Foothotes
1, Computers in Business: An RIA Survey of Users and

Nonusers (New York: Research Institute of Ameri-
ca, 1969), p. 4.

2. Ibid., p. 17. .

3. Michael J. Cerullo. "Service Bureaus: User Ap-
praisal." Datamation, Vol. 18, May 1972, p. 86.

4. Ibid., p. 89.

5. ADAPSO Eighth Management Symposium. “How to Op-
erate a Service Bureau for Profits." 1963, p. 49.

. n

.

13-00000

Alienation and the Systems Analyst

Alan E. Brill

Supervising Systems Analyst
The Chase Manhattan Bank N.A.
New York, N.Y. 10005

“Systems analysts ... must be seen as full-fledged members of the firm.”

A Wall of Managerial Attitudes

In most large organizations, the systems and data
‘processing departments are separated from the rest
of the firm by a wall of managerial attitudes. While
employees in most jobs are encouraged to gain a wide
variety of experience in various departments as they
Yise through various management levels, it is rare
that a systems analyst or a programmer is given an
equal opportunity. The general attitude is “He’s a
computer man, not a manager (or a businessman, or a
banker). He wouldn't fit in. Besides, he's doing a
good job where he is."

As a result, the analyst has exactly no motiva-
tion to think of himself as an insurance man or a
businessman, or a banker, or an accountant. He is
made to feel like a consultant. He can serve the
organization, but he isn't free to move within it.
To make matters worse, some firms rotate the people
in their management development programs through a
stint in the systems department. It is little won-
der that there is a high turnover in systems ana-
lysts, The company does very little to make him
feel like a member of the family.

Potential Source of Talent

But beyond the problems brought about by the per-
sonnel turbulence, the firm is ignoring a potential
source of fine managerial talent. Many analysts
joining major corporations hold degrees as Master,
Business Administration. Their educational back-
grounds, when combined with their ability to objec-
tively define problems and see solutions, and the
detailed working knowledge of the company gained in

*

the system design process, should put them in the
Management spotlight. Instead, the system analyst
finds that he has been given the indelible label of
“computer person" and that his upward mobility is
limited to the systems department. As a result,
systems analysts leave the firm, and often leave the
systems profession.

If companies hope to attract and hold talented
personnel for their systems activities, they need
to offer them an equal chance to develop to their
full potential. They must be seen as full-fledged
members of the firm — not as consultants who are
here today, but who could move on tomorrow.

Experience in Systems

As businesses come more and more to depend upon
data processing to support their operations, it
will be desirable for a significant number of man-
agement team members to have experience in systems.
Yet. by their actions, managements have forced many
talented people to avoid beginning their careers in
data processing for fear of becoming stereotyped.

So it would seem that a number of the problems
that businesses face in their systems activities are
a result of a regrettable but widesprgad management
attitude.

Only when systems analysts are regarded as having
a potential for advancement to positions in general
management, and are given an equal chance to rise in
the organization, will the systems man lose his. al-
jenation and see himself as a member of the company
team. a

s

13-00000

Strategy and Action on World Trade

James H. Binger, Chairman
Honeywell inc.

2701 Fourth Ave. S.
Minneapolis, Minn. §5408

“What we [the United States] have is a little corner of the world, and we must. find a
way to live in it harmoniously with our neighbors, many of whom are every bit as
good as we are at almost everything we do.”

The theme of my remarks is the intensifying con-
troversy over the conditions that influence our
well-being here in the United States — particularly
the threat of another unfortunate experience with
protectionism.

T am well aware that I cannot go deeply into this
subject in a short space. This I know because I was
privileged to serve on the President's Commission on
International Trade and Investment Policy. For over
a year we studied every way in which this and other
countries are affected by international trade and
investment policies.

Protectionist Attitude

‘Let there be no doubt where I stand on the prin-
Cipal issue. I believe that the threat of the protec-
tionist attitude in America is far more than an is-
sue involving business and jobs. I sincerely be-
lieve that this issue embraces many powerful forces
that will have an important bearing on whether or
not all the peoples of the world make the most of
their opportunities in the years to come.

I recognize that there are strong and honest dif-
ferences of opinion on the proper direction of our
nation's foreign trade policies. There are many
persons and suppliers who have been adversely af-
fected by foreign competition. It would be unreal-
istic not to acknowledge this fact of life.

Complexity

These differences of opinion, and these disloca-
tions of people's lives, point up the complexities
of the problem. Who among us can honestly say he
understands all of the ramifications involved in the
balance of trade? Where is there an unchallenged
expert on monetary policy? What type of restraints,
if any, could or should be made on the world-wide
transfer of technology? What is the proper level
of East-West trade relations, and are the national
defense implications of yesterday still appropriate

— eee
Based on a talk before the Board of Governors of the Electronic Indus-
tries Association, Phoenix, Ariz., January, 1973.

today? Should the United States government be sup~
porting broad research and development to match the
funds that foreign countries are investing in their
industry? Can we preserve the rise in productivity
that underlies the American miracle — which is the
production of goods at low cost while wages, taxes
and dividends all rise steadily?

These are just some of the questions which must
be asked in the discussion now developing, particu~
larly in the halls of Congress, but also at various
other governmental and community. levels.

Facing these and still other complexities, we
know that Congressional hearings soon to begin
could result in new laws and regulations which
could be detrimental.

Action

Because this is so, it will not do for anyone
with a qualified viewpoint backed by experience, to
be simply an observer. I am convinced that this
present controversy can be resolved positively, but
it will require action.

What kind of action will be most effective? the
kind of action which is in the public interest? —
not special pleadings based on the experience of a
single company, or a single industry, or even a
single community.

It is, of course, important to gather this sup-
porting information and be aware of all the facts
that bear on our needs, our experience and the op-
tions that governments can take to effect them. But
going beyond this, we must be prepared to discuss
with everyone who will exert influence on ourelected
lawmakers the more important question — what do all
these statistics and contentions mean tome?

The Concerns of U.S. Citizens

The concerns of the qreat body of United States
citizens are how to assure and enhance their jobs
and living conditions and be involved in what was
once unashamedly described as "the pursuit of hap-
piness”. .

Y

13-00000

‘ployed at the end of 1972.

Let's look at just one major concern: about 1.3
million new American families are formed every year.
Approximately eight million people change their jobs
every year. About 3.7 million people join the labor
force and 2.1 million leave it. By 1980 full em-
ployment in the United States will require jobs for
100 million people, 16 million more than were em-
These, quite clearly,
are the priority considerations in the minds of mil-
lions who do not clearly understand how the enter-
prise system meets their needs.

If they and the representatives of large numbers
of voters do not understand, how can we expect their
support?

I would like to review the arguments for their
support in as familiar terms:as I can muster.

The Days of U.S. Preeminence are Gone

First, let's examine one portion of the real
economic world we inhabit.

Of primary importance is the fact that the days
of almost total U.S. preeminence since the close of
World War II are gone. .

We must learn to live and work in a world where
forevermore we will be dependent on other portions
of the globe for some of our more basic needs — and
some portions will be dependent on us. The U.S. is
not self-sufficient in materials, nor does it have a
corner on the world's technology, the world's inno-
vative ability, the world's marketing savvy, the
world's production know-how. What we have is a lit-
tle corner of the world, and we must find a way to
live in it harmoniously with our neighbors, many of
whom are every bit as good as we are at almost
everything we do.

The Energy Crisis

I hesitate, somewhat, to use the energy crisis as
an example of this dependency, because I recognize
that there are those who question whether the crisis
really exists, or who maintain that new technology
will solve the problem before it reaches crisis
stage. I can say at this point that there is an
energy shortage, if not a crisis; for example, the
fuel oi] allotment for our Minneapolis operations
has been cut by 25 per cent for January and February,
and similar cutbacks have been imposed on other com-
panies, our schools, our common carriers.

Let's look at the dependency which is developing
in the oil industry. In the past, the repatriated
earnings of oil companies have exceeded the value of
imported oil and were a favorable factor in our in-
ternational balance of payments. By 1985, however,
our needs for oil and natural gas could create for
us a trade deficit approaching twenty billion dol-
lars a year.

As no doubt you know, we currently import I0 to
15 per cent of both crude oil and copper, 30 per
cent of our iron ore, and more than 80 per cent of
our bauxite needs. -We must import all or most of
our tin, natural rubber, nickel and chrome.

Trade with the World

We cannot go it alone. We must trade with the
world — and to trade, you give something to get
Something, with the hope that both traders get what
they want and need. Unfortunately, we have not yet
been able to fully realize this goal, and much of

” the controversy over this nation's foreign-trade

policies revolves around the best way to achieve it.

There is a strong and vocal body of opinion which
believes that protectionist measures will achieve
what is best for American workers and companies in
the arena of world trade. One of their principal
targets are companies like Honeywell — multina-
tional companies with substantial investments, em-
ployees and sales outside the United States.

“Exporting Jobs”?

It is claimed that U.S. multinational corpora-
tions are "exporting jobs” overseas; that U.S. com-
panies invest overseas to take advantage of lower
wages; that imports from the overseas subsidiaries
of U.S. companies cause unemployment here at home;
that if U.S. companies were prevented from investing
and manufacturing abroad these companies would be
forced to expand their operations in the United
States, creating more jobs here: that multinational
companies invest abroad in order to avoid paying
taxes; that American corporations are exporting U.S.
technology and therefore are helping non-U.S. com- <
panies compete in our own and other countries.

The Burke-Hartke bill has been proposed as the
solution to these problems; and protectionist senti-
ment also underlies other proposals which may emerge
for the consideration of Congress.

At this point, there may be those who will accuse
me of making a tactical blunder by even mentioning
the allegations of our critics. But I'll go one
step further. If someone could prove to me that
these allegations are factual, I'd be one of the
major supporters of moves to inhibit the growth of
multinational companies.

The Opposite is True: Making Jobs

Thanks to various companies, government agencies
and trade associations who have accumulated the
facts and published them, I know otherwise.

I am convinced, thanks to these studies, and my
experience with Honeywell, that multinational com-
panies-do not export jobs, but create jobs in the
United States faster than other U.S. companies. I
am convinced that U.S. companies invest abroad to
gain participation in markets in other countries,
not to take advantage of lower wages or so-called -
tax loopholes. I am convinced by these studies that
imports from the overseas subsidiaries of U.S. com-
panies have not been a major factor in U.S. unem-
ployment. «

To be more specific, I'd like to give you some
information taken from a survey conducted by the
Emergency Committee on American Trade, of which I
am amember. This committee researched the domestic
and internationa] operations of 74 U.S. corporations
representing a broad group of large multinational
corporations. This survey reveals that in the
years between 1960 and 1970, when these companies
were increasing their overseas operations, they also
provided 900,000 new jobs in the United States. They
also increased their sales from American facilities
— work performed in this country — from $58 bil-
lien to $113 billion — nearly doubled, in fact. i
Their, exports from the United States nearly tripled
in this period, rising from $4.3 billion to $12.2
billion. In the all-important balance of payments
category, they increased their net surplus of ex-
ports over imports from $3.2 billion to $6.6 billion
— more than doubled,

— eeemenmnwemenenen nee.

13-00000

international Investment Activities
of Multinational Companies

These figures, and other results of the survey,
lead to one major conclusion: That the interna-
tional investment activities of these representative
multinational companies played an important role in
their rapid export growth and consequently made a
major positive contribution to their domestic — and
I emphasize the word domestic — sales, investment

‘and employment growth.

Double Taxation

I have tried to speak in familiar language; so I
have some misgivings about discussing the issue of
taxes. But the tax issue is an important one, and
I'd like to cover some specific areas which are com-
ing more and more into public ‘discussion.

-_

€ issue is the section of U.S. tax law which al-
lows American corporations a tax credit for the in-
come taxes they pay to foreign countries on income
earned in such countries. The purpose of this tax
credit is to avoid taxing the foreign earnings of
U.S. corporations twice — once in a foreign country
and again when the earnings are remitted to the
United States. :

Opponents of this tax credit argue that since do-
mestic firms are not allowed a federal tax credit
for the state taxes they pay, the current method of
taxing income from foreign sources is inconsistent
with the way domestic income is taxed.

Taxation by U.S. States

A major fallacy in this argument is-that it is
based on the incorrect assumption that the taxation
of domestic income by city, state and the federal
government is analogous to the United States taxing
the foreign earnings of American subsidiaries which
have already been taxed by the host country.

The proper analogy is between the way states
treat corporate income earned in two or more states
and the way the U.S. government treats income earned
in two or more countries. Every state which has a
state income tax provides a method of allocating the
income of a multi-state company among the various
states in order to avoid duplicate taxation of the
same income. As a matter of fact, the constitution
requires this. Thus the current methods of taxing
foreign and domestic income are consistent.

Further, where one domestic corporation in the
United States has an ownership position in another
domestic corporation, the federal income tax law
quite properly prevents duplication of corporate in-
come taxes. The parent company is taxed on earnings
of the owned company only when such earnings are
distributed as a dividend — and then at no more
than a nominal rate. What logic can there be in the
Burke-Hartke proposal that earnings of an overseas
subsidiary — in most cases earnings already taxed
in the foreign country at rates comparable to or
higher than U.S. rates — should be immediately re-
taxed at full U.S. income tax rates?

tnternational Competition by
American Industry

Another fundamental element of the issue is the
tax credit's relationship to the ability of American
industry to compete internationally. According to a
recent survey by the National Association of Manufac-
turers, if the United States were to repeal the tax

credit for foreign taxes paid and tax all foreign
subsidiary income before it is paid out in dividends
to the parent company, U.S. firms with foreign oper-
ations would be forced to pay an average effective
tax on their foreign earnings of over 70 per cent.

Given this added tax handicap, few American firms
could continue to compete with foreign-controlled
companies for world markets.

You can appreciate how useful it is to have these
facts for presentation where contradictory allega-
tions are being made. Let's keep the record straight!

Also useful to the undertaking on which we must
all embark is the factual story of what imports and
exports do, beneficially to create jobs.

Imports Produce One Million U.S. Jobs

Labor Department figures document the finding
that one million jobs in the United States are de-
pendent on imports — jobs for food processors, ship
and dock workers, truck drivers and railroaders,
warehouse employees and retail clerks. And it's
equally impressive to corsider that every billion
dollars worth of exports creates 60-to-80,000 jobs
in the United States. .

As we assess the situation, let us not forget the
dilemma our government faced in August 1971. As
Mr. Peter Peterson wrote, the New Economic Policy
announced that month was not, and I quote, "a one-
shot reaction to a one-time crisis. It marked the
beginning of a new era of more flexible, enduring,
and viable economic relationships among nations. The
years behind us were by and large an era of success,
but an era based upon a system which had become out-
grown, outworn — and increasingly crisis-prone."

Tariffs and Free Trade

Mr. Peterson was referring to the tremendous im-
pact that international trade and monetary factors
were having on our people. We have since come to
learn the difficulty of achieving universally ap-
proved corrective action. And now we must reckon
with this reality: U.S. negotiators are preparing
to enter economic talks next fall that could shape
future international relationships for many years to
come. Our government can and should strive in these
talks to put an end to present attitudes and trends
that point ominously to another "balkanization” of
world trade.

It can and should seek agreement to reduce, and
if possible end, all tariffs on industrial trade by
the end of this century.

It can and should try to create far freer trade
conditions for farm products.

It can and should seek the harmonization among
nations of the present hodgepodge of non-tariff
trade barriers and preferences.

But these objectives will remain forlorn hopes
unless our negotiators can go into these hard bar-
gaining sessions with the clear backing of the Amer-
ican people and their Congress. We musi give them
that. .

Spurring Internal Transition to
Successful Competitive Enterprise

Meanwhile, we face and must do something about
the undeniable tolls and grievances resulting from
(please turn to page 23)

13-00000

Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation

Grace C. Hertlein
Califarnia State University—Chico
Chico, Calif. 95926

—z 1

“Computer arts are still in the highly experimental stage of emergence.”

In present computer art, the naive onlooker could
readily misconstrue that mathematical processing of
data and manipulation of design represent the total
modus operandi of this new form, rather than just
the initial phases of exploration. A review of the
varied computer arts reveals diverse input of pat-
terns and subsequent manipulation or transformation,
creating a series of new, perceptual audio or visual
images. There appears a similarity of approaches
and some variation of the techniques utilized by
practitioners of the cybernetic arts: graphics,
sculpture, film, dance, music, textile design, weav-
ing, poetry, and architecture.

There is a tendency to forget that the computer
arts are still in the highly experimental stages of
emergence, and although some attractive and very
pleasing works have been accomplished, this new me-
dium has generally not progressed much beyond its
mathematical and scientific origins. At times, in
viewing or hearing the output of the computer arts,
One would relegate the resultant art form to the
category of interesting sound or visual patterns,
experimental/initial exercises, or mathematical and
scientific visualization, rather than as works of
art per se. (This latter statement is equally true
of contemporary manual experimental art.) There is,
at the present time, a tendency for the computer
arts to relate to an elite coterie, made up of
scientists and intellectuals, rather than the public
at large. However, as this new art medium is given
greater space in the mass media, this audience
should enlarge greatly. as exposure acquaints the
general audience with the potential of this new art
orm.

This article is reprinted by permission from the Proceedings of the
Invitational intemational Exhibit of Computer Arts, T-5, Zagreb,
Vugostavia, June-Juty 1973. Grace C. Hertlein is Assistant Professor
in the Computer Science Department at California State University—
Chico, Chico, Calif. 95926. Her computer art has been published for
many years in Computers end Automation and currently some of
her computer art is being exhibited at an art exhibition in Bordeaux,
France.

Pattern Manipulation

Manipulation of design by the computer may be de-
liberate, (or at times highly experimental) as
change or transformation of the original pattern is
achieved via a host of techniques developed within
the past twelve years. However, in attempting to
see precedent in manipulation of design, one ob-
serves ample evidence of a growing interest by ar-
tists and critics in combining (manually) mathemat-
ics and art. Since the turn of the century, such
techniques and philosophy have been practiced and
even more verbally expressed by electronic and con-
crete musicians. Further, the concept of pattern
manipulation is as old as man's art, and one finds
ample evidence of this concept throughout art his-
tory. A few such examples are: Offset X/Y patterns
in Persian sculptural reliefs; repetitions of design
in serial imagery from early Greek vases; reversals
of pattern in the compositions of Bach; mirror im-
ages and mathematical progressions of design in the
Foundation Course exercises of the Bauhaus School;
juxtaposition and superposition of musical patterns
throughout musical history: and randomization of
musical variations via throwing of dice, as prac-
ticed by Mozart. The world was quite ready philo-
sophically and mathematically for further explora-
tions in such transformation of pattern, yet it was
not until the speed of the computer afforded this
electronic manipulation, that it became feasible to
such a degree. (Alteration, change, and transforma-
tion of pattern is revealed in other technological
Systems that may or may not use the computer as an aid in
Creation: synthesized video, sound, andthe film.) In
other words, science and technology now afford fur-
ther exploration of ideas and techniques that have
been practiced by experimental artists for years.

The philosophy and practice of twentieth century
music shows a very great Similarity between the ma-
nipulative techniques used by musicians since the
early 1900's and the present-day computer procedures.
Examination of the philosophy of the Bauhaus and
study of the works emanating from this revolutionary
school, also reveals great similarities in the ap-
proaches to creation, and in the final works of art
of this school and present-day computer arts.

’

13-00000

The ‘computer artist fs manipulating patterns, be-
cause this is an inherent potential of the computer
medium. The manual artist (or scholar), by con-
trast, is bound to laborious manual processing of

data and pattern, and thus generally discovers to a
lesser degree, further sources of innovative and

perceptual changes, i.e., manipulation as practiced
in the computer arts is not feasible manually. When

perceptual change is accomplished manually (many of
the works in Graphis afford excellent examples),
such change is not only excessively time-consuming,
but represents a manual tour de force. It could be
more readily accomplished via the computer.

The manual artist is generally not concerned with
perceptual change or alteration of the original im-
age. On the other hand, since the computer readily
affords such changes, the cybernetic artist may
literally exploit component designs, taking them
th#wGgh what may appear to be unlimited design
changes. The more abstract the component design,
the more readily it lends itself to mathematical
variation and processing, termed design state
variation.

Design State Variation

This is a term devised by the writer, adapted
from given "state" variations used in printmaking,
in which one may revise a plate or stone, and al-
ter it by additions and/or changes of pattern, re-
sulting in a series of new works. The term denotes
known variations of pattern that are possible, which
may be used as sub-routines or stored on the com-
puter library and merely called by the user, who de-
fines the values of the given parameters of the spe-
cific algorithms being utilized. One of the most
provocative concepts emerging in computer art is
that of being to literally predict innumerable de-
Sign state variations, in which a basal component
will be visually or auditorially pleasing. The art-
ist may use only those design states that reflect
personal expression of design. (One might compare
design state variations to the many kinds of chisels
the sculptor may use in execution of a work of art,
each giving unique effects.) Further, this library
of manipulative design state variations is constantly
being enlarged by experimenters in the computer
arts. A brief listing follows:

Offsets of pattern on the X, Y, X/Y (pro-
gressions in music)

Mirror images or reversals on the X, Y, X/Y

Scalar variations or duration of pattern in
superposition of form

Rotation, in open or closed forms

Irregular radiation of images and forms with
growing scalar values

Redundant serial imagery in closed form

Polygon serial imagery, with circular, square,
or varied final form

Positive and negative variations of repeated
or design-related patterns

Disintegrating variants of images and sounds

_ in redundant or transform pattern

Metamorphic variations of images or sounds
in predetermined sequences .

Transformations of pattern, in which one de-
sign becomes another :

Alterations of design by mathematical algor-
ithms

Pseudo-randomizations of patterns with artist-
imposed parameters

Overlays of images and sounds in dimensional
forms

Combinations of related patterns, using any of

_ the above design states

Multi-media combinations, using any of the
eforementioned

Prior to design state variation, the artistic
idea is stated in coherent, sequential steps. It may
be flow-charted before translation into a computer
program. Thus the art idea is transformed into ana-
lyzed data, using synthetic machine languages, and
is then subject to processing and manipulation via
the computer using design state variations, reveal-
ing innumerable new, final works. Examples include:

The warp and weft patterns in weaving

Classical ballet positions, with designations
of the head, arms, and feet

Structural modules in sculpture and archi-
tecture

Derivations of design from art or musical
history, including the archaic, the classi-
cal, or the contemporary

Formulae and transformations from science or
mathematics -

Stylistic analysis of a given artist's style,
with designation and statement of a speci-
fie set of definitions describing the style

Artistic composition of a given musical era,
with. parameters of such rules

Thus the art idea is initially expressed in the
manner of science, but it does not end there. The
choice of the art idea or problem should express the
personal philosophy of the originator, whether it is
mathematical formulae, natural derivations from the
environment, or analyses of prior styles of artists.
The personal focus of the original idea, ensuing
variation and execution cannot be too strongly
stressed! The design state variations allow the
artist to choose the given direction of psychic ex-
pression. Further, selection of specific computer
systems and art materials affords a highly individ-
ual element within cybernetic creation. And tastly,
the varying techniques of execution, which may be
preplanned or participant, add a unique and personal
opportunity to spontaneously participate within the
formation of the work of art, or to maximize the ca-
pacities of the computer in artistic execution, us-
ing preplanned or heuristic modes.

Diverse Philosophies of Computer Art

Stylistic analysis and resultant design deriva-
tion are highly visible in the computer arts and
possess decided benefits: these techniques allow one
to analyze more thoroughly the subject under study,
and in addition, they allow the artist to gain per-
ceptual variations and permutations of the original
source not obtainable by manual methods. (The writer
and many others have often found these newdepartures
from the design source to be as or more aesthetic
than the original input source.) There is, however,
a great tendency among humanists to concern them-
selves with past styles and subject matter, as being
more "pure" aesthetically than the present. On the
other hand, there is an equal tendency among scien-
tists to exploit mathematical manipulation, disre-
gard art totally, and to have the computer and its
peripheral devices accomplish the work of art, with-
out intervention by man. Here one finds two ex-
tremes, with beginning dogmatic statements by art-
ists of varying capacities and philosophies. The in-
sightful computer artist, however, seeks to unite
personal philosophy and expression with the highest
level of computer usage.in a statement of artistic
unity. However, one is conscious of new visions
emerging throughout history, which are subsequently
categorized and "cast in bronze," as “the way." Com-
puter art appears to be no exception to this great

(please turn to page 31}

13-00000

Computers in Science Fiction — Il

Marcia Ascher
Professor of Mathematics
Ithaca College

ithaca, N.Y. 14850

A

“in science fiction writing, non-specialists attempt to involve other non-specialists in
the human questions arising from computer use.”

In “The Computer and the Poet.” Norman Cousins
emphasizes that the role of poets, "those who have
respect for and speak to the human spirit,” becomes
even more important as computer usage increases (32).
Science fiction writers should indeed be included as
poets in our technological age. All too often in
our society, problems arising from technology are
left to technologists because others are too unsure
of their own knowledge to question or criticize. The
science fiction writings directly involving comput-
ers are one of the few places where non-specialists
attempt to involve other non-specialists in the
human questions arising from computer use.

Emphasis on Man

Perhaps the most recurrent science fiction theme
is the difference between computers and man. These
Taise the question of the proper role for machines
versus the proper role for humans or emphasize the
aspects that make man unique. In one story (Asimov,
"“Someday") children in a society where reading and
writing are no longer needed form a secret society
to learn just for the joy of it; in another (Weir,
"What Happened to the Teaching Machine") where all
learning is by machine, only uneducated children
still know how to pose questions. <A super-computer
is defeated by a human because he can bluff or “lose
to win” and it cannot (Caiden, The God Machine);
another super-computer is robbed of its contre] be-
cause of a group of humans whose main desire is
freedom (Pohl, Starchild); and to others (Dick, "The
Variable Man"; Sheckley, "Fool's Mate") human unpre-
dictability continues to be a problem. This distinc-
tive aspect of man is very directly stated by the
computer builder in a French science fiction story
(Boulie, "The Perfect Robot"). In trying to make
the computer more like man, he progressively adds to
its ability to deal with data, the ability to play
chess, language. concepts of love, the ability to
engender new machines, concepts of good and evil,
and finally what he considers to be the crucial
missing element — "I have unhinged them". Mike, a
super-computer capable of running an entire revolu-
tion (Heinlein, The Moon is a Harsh Mistress), can-
mot understand why a joke is funny, and the computer

AM (Ellison, "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream")
hates people because unlike them "he could not wan-
der, he could not wonder, he could not belong, he
could merely be”.

Science fiction writers persist in confronting
their readers with a question that receives little
direct discussion but is of current concern. As ex-
pressed by the historian Bruce Mazelish (33). just
as continuities were established with the material
universe, the animal kingdom, and our, subconscious.
we are faced with transcending the 4th discontinuity
— of harmonizing our existence and those of mach-
ines in a technological society. Or, as expressed
by Weizenbaum ("On the Impact of the Computer on So-
ciety") the insights of science such as those pro-
vided earlier by the work of Galileo, Darwin, and
Freud, and now provoked by the advent of the com-
puter, shake man's self-esteem because, when viewed
superficially, they seem to diminish man.

Mechanistic View of Man

We diminish man and in our anxiety grow more dis-
dainful of ourselves and ambivalent towards comput-
ers if computer usage is predicated on a mechanistic
view of man and this mechanistic view becomes our
self-image. Too many statements made by systems
analysts or computer scientists display that a com-
puter-usable view of man is being substituted for
the whole man. Keep in mind the above list of human
attributes contrasted to computers by science-fic-
tion writers as you read the following statement
from the widely read and much discussed book Limits

of Growth written by well-motivated systems analysts:

Some considered the model too ‘technocratic’
observing that it did not include eritical so-
cial factors, such as the effects of adoption
of different value systems. The chairman of
the Moscow meeting summed up this point when
he said, ‘Man is no mere biocybernetic device’.
This criticism is readily admitted. The pres-
ent model considers man only in his material
system because valid social elements simply

’

13-00000

could not be devised and introduced in this

‘ first effort. Yet, despite the model's mater-
ial orientation, the conclusions of the study
point to the need for fundamental changes in
the values of society. (34, p. 191)

Admission that the world model has a minor flaw of
omitting “critical social factors" followed so
blithely by conclusions about fundamental value
changes surely conveys to the reader that the fac-
tors that have been dealt with are the more essen-
tial and more significant.

Again recall the human attributes as you read:

By the same token since the thinking human
being is also an information processor, it
should be possible to study his processes and
their organization independently of the details
of the biological mechanisms — the 'hardware'

weor-that implement them. (Simon and Newell,
““Enformation-Processing in Computers and Man",
Pp. 256)

That the theories

- + « are mechanistic — that they postulate
only the processes capable of being effected
by mechanism — is guaranteed by simulating

the behavior predicated by ordinary digital

computers. (ibid. p. 258)

To reemphasize the contribution of science fic-
tion, let us trace through one well-written and pop-
ular book, Stand on Zanzibar (Brunner). In the 2lst
century over-populated world, there is a very ad-
vanced computer Shalmaneser owned by General Tech-
nic, a company large enough to be contemplating the
subsidization, modernization, and management of a
small underdeveloped country Beninia. Beninia is
unique since it alone has retained peacefulness and
trust and humane behavior. Computer analysis is un-
dertaken of the feasibility of the G.T. project and
for alternative plans of carrying it out. With re-
gard to the possibility of computer analysis of what
makes Beninia attractive, one sensitive character in
the book says " ... when they get love down to a
bunch of factors you can analyze with a computer,
there'll be nothing left of whatever makes it worth
being human". Shalmaneser eventually rejects the
data on Beninia because it is inconsistant with re-
ality. Mulligan, a cynical sociologist, gets the
computer to process the data by adding the additional
assumption that an unknown force is active in that
population. Mulligan points out that the scientists
who have been working toward consciousness for the
super-computer have been successful because the re-
jection of the data was a display of its first human
characteristic — "orneriness" or “bloody-minded-
ness". When faced with something different, it chose
to reject it instead of broadening its view of the
possible. Mulligan sets out to find what makes
Beninia different and traces it to a genetic muta-
tion which produces a body odour that surpresses in
others the territorial-aggression reaction. Mulli-
gan's hope is that a world-renowned biologist who is
working on modification of human genetic maps can
use this to better mankind. His hope is shattered
when he learns that this biologist has been murdered
for political reasons. The decision is that the ma-
chine will work on finding an external synthetic
Spray. Mulligan is led away crying for lost human-
ity ™ ... what in God's name is it worth to be hu-
man, if we have to be saved from ourselves by a ma-
chine?” The now conscious machine has the last word
and the last sentence of the book "Christ, what an
imagination I've got". The irony of the book is
that Mulligan, who represents and speaks for those

characteristics which are human, falls into another

’ part of the prevalent mechanistic trap — aggression

is in our genes; the solution to our problems will
be via a specific scientific breakthrough.

Superstates and Sypersystems

A concern for the use of computers in politics
and government is seen in numerous stories. Opin-
jon polling in a political campaign is involved in
The 480 (Burdick), and the writing of campaign lit-
erature in The Novel Computer (Escarpit). The pre-
diction of elections is carried to an extreme in
"Franchise" (Asimov) where only one vote is needed
to determine the election, and Counterfeit World
(Galouye) describes an entire synthetic‘society (an
"electromathematical model") made up for purposes of
opinion surveying. Of greater concern, however, are
the super-states dependent on or replaced by super-
computer systems. Many of these stories describe
the process by which men gradually gave away self-
determination in exchange for material well-being,
or in the belief that a larger something was needed
to protect them from each other (Anderson, "Sam
Hall"; Cole, The Funco File; Dick, Vulcan's Hammer;
Fairman, I, the Machine; Mason, Matrix; Pohl, Star-
child). Often, no one really understands any longer
how the system works (Cameron, Cybernia; Cole, The
Funco File; Delany, The Fall of the Towers; Dick,
Vulcan's Hammer; Fairman, I, the Machine; Mason,
Matrix). In most cases, the vast destructive power
of the system is realized when, for some reason, it
is no longer serving human énds. One computer over-
emphasizes the goal of protecting itself (Dick, Vul-
can's Hammer), onegets carried away by its goal of
avoiding thermo-nuclear war (Cardin, The God Ma-
chine), two become lonely and hence mad (Fairman, 1,
the Machine; Pohl, Starchild), another becomes psy-
chotic because of what it learns from men's minds
(Delany, The Fall of the Towers), others are under
the control of selfish people (Cameron, Cybernia;
Sladek, The Reproductive System). Most of these
systems are destroyed by man's more flexible intel-
ligence. However, in one story (Miller, "Dumb
Waiter”), the system goes on even after there are no
more people, and in another (Dick, "Autofac"). with-
out the knowledge of the people.

Loss of Control

Some ten years ago when discussing views of com-
puters in science fiction, I pointed out that few
contemporary stories could be viewed simply as man's
worries about his machines getting beyond his con-
trol. I noted that most of the stories focused on
extensions of specific current uses and emphasized
man's responsibilities as technology advanced (30,
31). While there are some stories in which comput-
ers turn on their makers (Dnieprov, “Siema"), the
Stories just cited have two significantly different
characteristics. The stories do not begin with the
construction of a machine motivated by curiosity or
scientific naivetée, but instead, they begin with
the populace agreeing to control by the machine. We
read, for example, that in 1993 after a large world
war, all nations agree to "subordinate themselves in
a realistic manner ... to a common supranational
authority ..." which is a machine so that it won't
put “interest over reason, emotion over logic"
(Dick, Vulcan's Hammer p. 19); or that another mach-
ine is built to control the world because with stone
axes men could be free as they could do only limited
damage before they were stopped but with advanced
technology men could do damage so much more quickly
they cannot be free to start (Pohl, Starchild). In

A Tale of the Big Computer (Johannesson), a history
of life until the “computer age,” we learn that man

is a part of the evolution leading up to computers

‘and that the basic cause of his failure was the in-
ability to organize a complex society. In the very
enjoyable Funco File (Cole), when the question is
raised, "Has it become your ruler, your god ..."?,
the response is, "Well, no. Not exactly. It's more
like where our technology triumphs have finally got
us to. I guess you might say our real ruler was al-
ways an idea of what's normal or not. Conformity, I
guess you'd call it ... I suppose the Machine —
plus the F.0.1. ~— working together — have sort of
externalized it once and for all." In the stories
where there is a struggle between man and the com-
puter, it is not a struggle to retain contro] but to
get it back once it has knowingly been given away or
unwillingly allowed to slip away.

Consequences of Bigness

The persistent theme in these stories is that of
, ss — big states and big computer systems —
and its consequences. This bigness iswell described
in an article by Weizenbaum. This article is impor-
tant because it is one of the few expository state-
ments of this serious theme.

These often gigantic systems are put to-
gether by teams of programmers, often working
over a time span of many years. By the time
the systems come into use. most of the origi-
mal programmers have left or turned their at-
tention to other pursuits. It is precisely
when gigantic systems begin to be used that
their inner workings can no longer be under-
stood by any single person or by a small team
of individuals. ... This situation, which is
mow upon us, has two consequences: first that
decisions are made on the basis of rules and
criteria no one knows explicitly, and second
that the system of rules and criteria becomes
immune to change. ("On the Impact of the Com-
puter on Society,” pp. 612-613).

What is the effect of this situation on individuals
and on society? Two side effects are discussed by
Weizenbaum.

First of course, there is the psychological
impact on individuals living in a society in
which anonymous, hence irresponsible. forces
formulate the large questions of the day and
circumscribe the range of possible answers.
--- But even worse, since computer-based know-
ledge systems become essentially unmodifiable
except in that they can grow, and since they
induce dependence and cannot, after a certain
threshold is crossed, be abandoned, there is
an enormous risk that they will be passed from
One generation to another, always growing.
CIbid.. p. 613)

Computers Are Not Gadgets

The reader may argue the degree to which these
side effects are already present inour society, but,
if he reads sicence-fiction, he cannot ignore them.
While the first theme of the differences of man and
machines may be the most repeated, this second theme
is probably the most important. The science-fiction
writers maintain their importance as poets of the
"computer revolution” by redirecting our attention
from the computer as "gadget" to the computer as an
integral part of the modern configuration of govern-
ment -academe-industry-management which shares skills,
resources, techniques, personnel, and goals. Just as
our image of the scientist has changed from the man
standing lonely vigil over a bubbling retort to

prove his scorned hypothesis, the isolated computer
with a programmed quirk, asked the wrong question or
fed the wrong data, is no longer hero. Franken-
stein's monster, or the more recent, Karl. Emmy. and
Siema, for example, are very limited creations with
identifiable creators, circumscribed environments.
and restricted effects. We now have instead Shal-
maneser, Project 79, Vulcan 3, Allied Mastercomputer,
or simply, The Machine. The new computer-hero has
remote access, varied input and output devices, pro-
cesses large amounts of data supplied by different
agencies. works in real-time, makes policy decisions
based on quasi-mathematics, commands vast resources,
and affects large numbers of people.

Bibliography

Fiction

1. Anderson, Poul. “Sam Hall”. Astounding Science
Fiction. September 1953, as reprinted in (10).

2. Asimov, Isaac. “Franchise”. If, Vol. 5, No. 5,
August 1955. .

3. . “Someday”. 1956, as reprinted
in (23).

4. Boulle, Pierre. “The Perfect Robot". Time Out
of Mind, Vanguard Press, 1966 (quote p. 75,
Signet edition, 1969). °

5. Brunner, John. Stand on Zanzibar. Ballahtine

: Books, 1968, (quotes pp. 101, 645. 649).

6. Burdick, Eugene. The 480. Dell Publishing Co.,

1964.
7, Caidin, Martin. The God Machine. E.P. Dutton
& Co., 1968.

o

Cameron, Lou. Cybernia. Fawcett Publications,
Inc., 1972. .
9. Cole, Burt. The Funco File. Doubleday, 1969,
(quote p. 187, Avon edition, 1970).
10. Conklin, Groff, ed. Selections from Science-
' Fiction Thinking Machines. Vanguard. 1954.
11. Delany, Samuel R. The Fall of the Towers.
Sphere Books, Great Britain, 1971 (originally
published as Bk. I— Out of the Dead Citv:
Bk. II — The Towers of Toron; Bk. III —
City of a Thousand Suns).
12. Dick, Philip K. “Autofac". Galaxy Publishing
Corp., 1955, as reprinted in (14).

13. . “The Variable Man”. Space Pub-
lications Inc., 1953, as reprinted in (14).

14. - The Variable Man and Other Stor-
ies. Ace Books, 1957.

15. . Vulcan's Hammer. Ace Books,
1960.

16. Dnieprov, Anatoly. "Siema". More Soviet Sci-
ence Fiction, Collier Books, 1962.

17. Ellison, Harlan. "I Have No Mouth and I Must
Scream". If, 1967, as reprinted in I Have No
Mouth and I Must Scream, Pyramid Books, 1967,
(quote p. 34).

18. Escarpit, Robert. The Novel Computer. Flamma-
Tion, 1964, (English translation Martin
Secker and Warburg, Ltd., England, 1966).

19, Fairman, Paul W. .I, the Machine.. Lancer Books.
1968

20. Galouye, Dan. Counterfeit World. Victor Gol-
lanz, Great Britain, 1964.

21. Heinlein, Robert A. The Moon is a Harsh Mis-
tress. Putnam-Berkley Medallion Books, 1966.

22. Johannesson, Olof. A Tale of the Big Computer
(English translation). Coward-McCann, Inc..
1968. °

23. Knight, Damon, ed. The Metal Smile. Belmont
Production, 1968.

24. Mason, Douglas R. Matrix. Ballentine Books,
1970.

25. Miller, Walter M., Jr. “Dumb Waiter". Astound-

ing Science Fiction. April 1952, as re-
printed in (10).


13-00000

26. Pohl, Frederick and Jack Williamson. Starchild.

‘ Penguin Books, 1970.

27. Sheckley, Robert. "Fool's Mate". 1953, as re-
printed in (23).
- Sladek, John. The Reproductive Svstem. May-
flower Paperbacks, England, 1970.

29. Weir. E. C. “What Happened to the Teaching Ma-
chine". Teaching Machines: Industry Survey
and Buyer's Guide. Center for Programmed In-
struction, 1962, as reprinted in Of Men and
Machines, A.0. Lewis, Jr., ed., Dutton, 1963.

8

Non-Fiction

30. Ascher, Marcia. “Computers in Science Fiction".
Harvard Business Review, November-December
1963.

31. . “Fictional Computers and Their
Themes”. Computers and Automation. Vol. 11,
No. 12, December 1962.

Sdeehousins, Norman. “The Computer and the Poet".

Saturday Review, July 1906, as reprinted in
(35), Cquote p. 500).

33. Mazlish, Bruce. "The Fourth Discontinuity".
Technology and Culture. January 1967, as re-
printed in (35).

34. Meadows, Donella H., Dennis L. Meadows, Jergen,
Randers, and William W. Behrens III. The
Limits to Growth. Potomac Associates, 1972
(New American Library Signet edition, 1972).

35. Pylyshyn, Zenon W., ed. Perspectives on the
Computer Revolution. Prentice-Hall, 1970.

36. Simon, Herbert A., and Allen Newell. “Informa-
tion-Processing in Computers and Man".
American Scientist. Vol. 52, No. 3,. 1964,
as reprinted in (35).

37. Weizenbaum, Joseph. "On the Impact of the Com-
puter on Society". Science. Vol. 176, May
1972.

Binger — Continued from page 17

our world trade. These weights must be removed and
this need must be attended to by Congress and our-
selves. We must endorse, broaden and actively sup-
port the steps that adjustment assistance can take
to alleviate human distress, cushion the impact of
change and spur internal transition to successful
competitive enterprise.

When we become more familiar with the great in-
fluence wielded by exports and the creative capabil-
ities of companies that operate in many lands, we
will do a lot more to overcome, where they exist,
the. penalties we pay for the benefits we enjoy. 1
firmly believe this.

If I have reminded you of both the pluses and
minuses that world trade produces, ask yourself how
much of this your family knows and understands. See
how skillful you can be in finding ways to make this
vital topic really interesting to your family, your
neighbors, your associates and the other thinkers,
teachers and decision-makers in your community.

This we will do, wherever we have Honeywell
people who have built their careers on unraveling
knotty problems in research. production, distribu-
tion, legislation and public affairs.

We mean to do the things which will make the or-
dering of a sound world trade policy in the United
States the logical and popular response to a broad
and informed public petition.

We intend to urge businessmen. labor leaders, and
government officials to work for a system of world
business that will create jobs all over the world —
not in one country to the disadvantage of another.

Jt

————————————————— eT

CORRECTION

In the article "The Path to Championship Chess by
Computer" by Professor Donald Michie published in
the January 1973 issue of “Computers and Automa-
tion," the following corrections should be made:

Page 7, second column, third paragraph; lines
1 and 2: replace “the Rand Corporation mathema-
tician” by "the professional philosopher".

Page 8, the chess position for Figure 18
should be:

Page 9, the graph in Figure 2 should be
as follows (containing one more connecting link):
OR a—— 28 que Qn,
\ _
4 oa
Q9—— kK ———e RRP KR -* \

Child
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10, GxTENT an0 matual DF cRcULATION

13-00000

‘A fabulous gift for Christmas:

*RIDE THE EAST WIND: Parables of Yesterday and Today”

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Author and Anthologist

Over fifty parables (including anecdotes, allegories, and fables) by Berkeley and many other
authors, modern and ancient, dealing with famous problems, modern, classic, or ageless. Many

“*= parables are decorated by a bouquet of proverbs and quotations — for readers who like to
choose which variety of lesson appeals to them. A short guide to some patches of common
sense and wisdom. Aan ideal gift. Illustrated. Hard cover. 224 pages.

Do you remember the story of the fox
and the grapes? illustrating a principle of
such timeless value that the phrase “sour
grapes” has been used and understood by
mitlions of people for 2000 years?

Well, why not make a collection of
ideas and principles of common sense and
wisdom — and why not illustrate them
with fables, allegories, and anecdotes of
enormous impact?

That was the plan of this book.

it comes right out of our work on the
“Notebook on Common Sense and Wisdom,
Elementary and Advanced” — which we
have been talking about for two years to
. anyone who wouid listen. -

Some of the issues of the Notebook
roused the interest of the president of
Quadrangle Books — and this book is one
of the results.

You can’t lose by taking a look at

this book:

@ You might enjoy it.

@ You might find much of it
humorous and imaginative —
as did Aesop's listeners.

@ You might find it instructive,
phildsophical, worth thinking
about, and more besides.

You can see it, read it, keep it for

7 days, return it, and back comes the
fult price of the book. ”

How can you lose?
We want only satisfied customers.

(2) y ttett

= ere

The eagle in the great forest flew swiftly, but the Eastwind flew

mare ewiftly otill

13-00000

'* “RIDE THE EAST WIND:
Parables of Yesterday and Today”

Table of Contents

Part 1. The Condition of Man

Pandora and the Mysterious Box / H. A. Guerber
The Garden of Paradise* / Hans Christian Andersen
*to which the King’s son was transported by the East Wind
The History of the Doasyoulikes / Charies Kingsley
The Locksmith and the Stranger / Edmund C, Berkeley (B)
‘The Elephant and the Donkey / James Reston
Where that Superhighway Runs, There Used to be a
“Korntield / Robert Redfield
The Fire Squirrels / B

Part 2. On Flattery and Persuasion

The Crow and the Fox / Jean de La Fontaine

The Visitor who Got a Lot for Three Dollars /
George Ade

The Cuckoo and the Eagle / Ivan A. Kriloff

The Wind and the Sun / Aesop

The Lion in Love / Aesop

The Crow and the Mussel / Aesop, B

The Two Raccoons and the Button / B

Part 3. On Perseverance and Resourcefulness

The Crow and the Pitcher / Aesop

Robert Bruce and the Spider / Sir Walter Scott
Hannibal Mouse and the Other End of the World / B
The Fly, the Spider, and the Hornet / B

Part 4. Behavior — Moral and Otherwise

A Smail Wharf of Stones / Benjamin Franklin
The Three Bricklayers / B

The Good Samaritan / St. Luke

Much Obliged, Dear Lord / Fulton Oursler

The Fisherman, the Farmer, and the Peddler / B

Part 5. The Problem of Truth

On Being a Reasonable Creature / Benjamin Franklin
The Monkey and the Spectacles / Ivan A. Kriloff
The Golden Trumpets of Yap Yap / Mike Quin
The Barreis and the Pittsburgh Manufacturer / B
The Empty Column / William J. Wiswesser
The Differences in Two Strains of Corn / Edgar Anderson
The Six Blind Men of Nepal / 8
The Sighting of a Whale / B
The Stars and the Young Rabbit / B
The Ocean of Truth / Sir Isaac Newton
Part 6. On Common Sense
The Lark and her Young Ones / Aesop *
The Bear and the Young Dog / B
The Bear and the Young Calf / B
The Bear and the Young Beaver / B
“ The Wasps and the Honey Pot / Sir Roger |’Estrange

The Six-Day War and the Gulf of Dong / B
The Deceiver Faale / lamac Narthenta

wecee "202 (may be copied on any piece of paper)

The Fox of Mt. Etna and the Grapes

Once there was a Fox who lived on the lower slopes of
Mn. Etna, the great volcano in Sicily. These slopes are ex-
tremely fertile; the grapes that grow there may well be the

_ most delicious in the world; and of ali the farmers there,
Farmer Mario was probably the best. And this Fox longed
and longed for some of Farmer Mario's grapes. Sut they
grew very high on arbors, and all the arbors were inside a
vineyard with high walls, and the Fox had a problem. Of
course, the Fox of Mt Etna had utterly no use for his fam-
ous ancestor, who leaping for grapes that he could not reach,
cailed them sour, and went away.

The Fox decided that what he needed was Engineering
Technology. So he went to a retired Engineer who lived on
the slopes of Mt. Etna, because he liked: the balmy climate
and the view of the Mediterranean Sea and the excitement of
watching his instruments that measured the degree of sleep-
ing or waking of Mt. Etna. The Fox put his problem be-
fore the Engineer.

Missile Alarm from Grunelandt / B
The National Security of Adularia / B
Doomsday in St. Pierre, Martinique / B

Part 7. Problem Solving
The Wolf and the Dog of Sherwood / Aesop, B
The Three Earthworms / B :
The Hippopotamus and the Bricks / B
The Cricket that Made Music / Jean de La Fontaine, B
The Fox of Mt. Etna and the Grapes / B
The Mice of Cambridge in Council / Aesop, 8
Brer Badger’s Olid Motor Car that Wouldn't Go / B
The First Climbing of the Highest Mountain in the

World / Sir John Hunt, B

The Evening Star and the Princess / B

Notes
Some Collections of Parables and Fables

To be published in November 1973 by Quadrangle /
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Parables of Yesterday and Today by Edmund C.
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" EDITORIAL

(an updated version of an editorial first printed May 1973)

Burying Facts and Rewriting History - Il.

One of the efforts of this magazine is to pursue truth.

One of the ways in which truth is pursued is not to let
statements of the utmost importance be buried and for-
‘Potten in the pages of daily newspapers, nor unreported
and lost because they are no longer well covered in nation-
al news magazines.

Among those statements are two of permanent interest
in connection with the Watergate Caper (this phrase is es-
tablishmentese for “the Watergate Crime”).

— The statement by Bernard L. Barker, one of the con-
victed operatives, which explains his motivation
and background (see November 1972, Computers
and Automation).

~~ The statement by Alfred Baldwin, 3rd, ex-FBI agent,
an employee of the Republican Committee to Re-
elect the President, telling what he did and saw
while five men burglarized the Watergate offices
of the Democratic National Committee on June
17, 1972, about 2:30 a.m. (see December 1972,
C&A).

In addition, we have published seven installments of re-
ports on the Watergate Crime by our contributing editor,
Richard E. Sprague (a computer professional of 25 years
standing) who as an avocation has studied for many years
dirty political operations in the United States, including
the assassinations by conspiracies (not “lone assassins’) of
President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert Kennedy, and
Reverend Martin Luther King.

Three years ago in May 1970, when we began to pub-
lish this type of article, we could not have spoken confi-
dently of “the assassination by conspiracies” of two
Kennedys and one King. But the articles we have pub-
lished — which are listed and characterized on the follow-
ing pages — have together a remarkable impact.

Taken together, the information published May 1970 to
October 1973 in Computers and Automation effectively
destroys a large segment of the beliefs, the rewritten his-
tory, that the establishment in the United States has
arranged for people in the United States to believe. I do
not assert that the establishment is a conscious organism
Or Organization; perhaps the best description is this: a
loose confederation of overt conspiracies, silent conspir-
acies, and biased wealthy persons, with very intelligent
orchestration stemming from the Pentagon, the Central
Intelligence Agency and the Presidency, and with assists
from organized crime and the Mafia.

We challenge any fairminded person to read this col-

may be ordered from us), and after reading them, to still
believe that the assassinations are actually the actions of
“lone psychopaths,” instead of fitting together into a plan
to install a certain kind of autocracy in the United States.

This kind of autocracy claims to be democratic, to
stand up for ‘national security,” “executive privilege,”

“separation of Constitutional powers,” etc. It offers ap-
pearances of democracy, but it seizes the realities of
money and power. It cuts programs of social benefit; but
it allocates $80 billion a year to be paid to the military-
industrial-Pentagon complex.

In the 1940’s there was a name for this kind of autoc-
racy. Its name was “fascism,” effectively a dictatorship
in the interests of big business. What is now appearing in
the US. is “fascism” in the form of a dictatorship by the
military-industrial complex.

Here in a nutshell is an example of the present uneven
contest: it takes the form of two sentences in 4 report by
E. Drake Lundell, Jr., in Computerworld for April 22,
1973:

@ The Antitrust Division of the Justice Department
is “outmanned and outgunned” when it comes to
prosecuting cases like the current action against IBM,
Senate investigators were told last week,

@ In addition, witnesses before the Senate Antitrust
and Monopoly Subcommittee stated that often the
division cannot do its job properly because of polit-
ical pressure from the White House. ...

These two statements contain a world of implications.

Essentially, the Department of the United States Gov-
ernment which is charged with enforcing certain U.S. laws
against monopoly, can no longer properly function because
of (1) the enormous power of just one business, IBM, and
(2) political pressure from the White House (this phrase is
establishmentese for “President Richard M. Nixon”).

¢
We must dig up facts, remember them, and write
history the way it is.
We must take action to compel the persons who deceive
us and lie to us to leave the government of the United
States, such as Spiro Agnew, former Vice President.

Senne Cae

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-

18

The Watergate Crime

Articles Published in Computers and Automation August 1972 to September 1973
Inventory of Titles, Authors, and Summaries

August 1972

The June 1972 Raid on Democratic Party Head-
Quarters — Part 1

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

A report on five men who have numerous con-
nections with the Republican Party, the White
House, the Central Intelligence Agency, anti-Castro
Cubans, and plans for the assassination of President
John F. Kennedy, and who were arrested seeking
to bug Democratic National Headquarters at 2:30
a.m., June 17, 1972,

October 1972

The Raid on Democratic Party Headquarters (The
Watergate Incident) — Part 2
by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
A report on further developments in the June 1972
raid by James McCord, Bernard Barker, and others,
on Nationa! Democratic Party Headquarters, and
implications affecting a number of Republican
leaders and President Richard M. Nixon.

November 1972

Bernard L. Barker: Portrait of a Watergate Burglar
by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and
Automation

How a cloak and dagger operative and right-wing
activist, who was caught as a burglar in the Water-
gate Hotel offices of the Democratic National

Headquarters, looks at himself and his line of work.

Walter Sheridan — Democrats’ Investigator? or Re-
publicans’ Countermeasure?
by Richard E, Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
Walter Sheridan, recently employed by the Demo-
cratic Nationa! Committee to investigate the
Watergate Incident, may actually be a “counter-
measure” by the Republicans to defeat the Demo-
cratic investigation.

December 1972

The Raid on Democratic Party Headquarters (The
Watergate incident) — Part 3
by Richard E, Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
A report on further developments in the June
1972 raid by James McCord, Bernard Barker, and
others, on National Democratic Party Headquarters,
and implications affecting a number of Republican
leaders and President Richard M. Nixon.
Martha Mitchell and the Watergate Incident
by Martha Mitchell, the magazine Parade, and
- Richard E. Sprague

How Martha Mitchel! (wife of former Attorney
General -Inhn Mitrholl) wae mntartnd and teane te

communicado and a prisoner -- reported on by
Mrs. Mitchell and the editor of Parade magazine.

27 ~The Watergate Crime: An Eye-Witness Account
by Alfred Baldwin, 3rd

A round-by-round account by an ex-FBl agent, an
employee of the Republican Committee to Re-
elect the President, of what went on while five
men burglarized the Watergate offices, June 17,
2:30 a.m. Baldwin's main assignment was listening
to bugged calls to the Democratic National Com-
mittee. .

January 1973

President Richard M. Nixon, the Bay of Pigs, and the
Watergate incident — Part 4
by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
How President Nixon lied in 1960 about the plans
for the Bay of Pigs Invasion, and is suppressing in
1972 the investigations of the Watergate Incident.

March .1973

The Watergate Crime and the Cover-Up Strategy —
Part 5 ;
by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
A report on the trial of E. Howard Hunt, James
McCord, Bernard Barker, and four other persons
for their raid on Democratic National Committee
Headquarters in June 1972 using funds of the Re-
publican Committee for the Re-Election of the
President; and the Strategies of cover-up that
have been employed.

June 1973

26 Watergate: What More is There to Hide? — Part 6
by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
How investigation into the Watergate Crime is
leading to ramifications and implications, and
what are some more of the now hidden connec-
tions that may be revealed,

August 1973

36 Lessons of Watergate — Part 7
by Richard £. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
The collection of Watergate Crimes; the anatomy
of a “Really Big American Cover-Up”; other
cases of “Really Big American Cover-Ups”’; and
the implications and ramifications.

September 1973

37 ~—s«Six Parallels of 25 Years Ago
by Alger Hiss
How an establishment attacked Alger Hiss —

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Pear

32
32
35
48
48
50
50

51

Political Assassinations in the United States

Articles Published in Computers and Automation May 1970 to October 1973
Inventory of Titles, Authors, and Summaries

May 1976
The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy:
The Application of Computers to the Photographic
Evidence
by Richard E. Sprague
A reexamination of some of the evidence relating
to the assassination of John F. Kennedy — with
emphasis on the possibilities and problems of
computerized analysis of the photographic evi-
dence.

duly 1970

The May Article, “The Assassination of President
John F. Kennedy: The Application of Computers to
the Photographic Evidence’ — Report No. 2:

More About Jim Hicks

Confirmation of FBI Knowledge 12 Days Before

Dallas of a Plot to Kill President Kennedy

The Second Conspiracy About the Assassination

of President Kennedy

August 1970

The Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy:
Preface, by Edmund C. Berkeley
Two Men With Guns Drawn at Senator Kennedy’s
Assassination: Statement to the Press, by Theo-
dore Charach
Map of the Scene of the Assassination of Senator
Robert Kennedy
The Pantry Where Senator Robert Kennedy was
Assassinated
Bultet Hole in the Frame of a Door
Two Bullet Holes in the Center Divider of the
Pantry Door

September 1970
Patterns of Political Assassination: How Many Coin-
cidences Make a Plot?
by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and
Automation
How the science of probability and statistics can
be used as an instrument of decision to determine
if a rare event is: (I) within a reasonable range;
(2) unusual or strange or suspicious: or (3) the re-
sult of correlation or cause or conspiracy.
Computer-Assisted Analysis of Evidence Regarding

a.

52

45

Progress Report
by Richard E. Sprague

October 1970

The Conspiracy to Assassinate Senator Robert F.
Kennedy and the Second Conspiracy to Cover it Up
by Richard E. Sprague

A summary of what researchers are uncovering in
their investigation of what appears to be not one
but two conspiracies relating to the assassination
of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.

Index to “Special Unit Senator: The investigation of

the Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy”
An index is supplied for the Random House book
written by Robert A. Houghton, of the Los

* Angeles Police Department, about the investigation
of the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.

November 1970
Confidential and Secret Documents of the Warren
Commission Deposited in the U.S. Archives
by Neil Macdonaid, Assistant Editor
A list of the subjects of over 200 documents of
the Warren Commission which were classified con-
fidential, secret, and top secret.

December 1970
The Assassination of Reverend Martin Luther King,
Jr., The Role of James Ear! Ray, and the Question
of Conspiracy
by Richard E. Sprague

James Earl Ray says he was coerced into entering

a plea of guilty to killing Martin Luther King...

and contrary evidence (plus other evidence} have

led to filing of legal petitions for relief.

January 1971
The Death of Walter Reuther: Accidental or Planned?
by Edmund C. Berkeley and Leonard Walden
Some significant questions about the plane crash
in May 1970 in which Walter Reuther was killed.

February 1971

The Report of the National Committee to Investigate
Assassinations
by Bernard Fensterwatd, James Lesar, and Robert

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What the National Committee in Washington, D.C.
is doing about computerizing files of evidence, in-

itiating lawsuits to obtain information, etc.; and
comments on two new books by District Attorney
Jim Garrison and Robert Biair Kaiser.

March 1971

35 «= “The Assassination of President Kennedy: The Ap-
Plication of Computers to the Photographic Evi-
dence” — Comment

35 =|. Another View, by Benjamin L. Schwartz, Ph.D.
A polemical attack on “The Assassination of

President Kennedy: the Application of Com-

puters to the Photographic Evidence” by

Richard E. Sprague published May 1970.
40 ; I, Response, by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor

eo,
45 District Attorney Jim Garrison on the Assassination
of President Kennedy: A Review of Heritage of Stone
by Neil Macdonald, Assistant Editor

April 1971
32 = The Right of Equal Access to Government
information
by the Nationa! Committee to investigate Assassi-
nations, Washington, D.C.

May 1971
27 ~—s- The Assassination of President Kennedy: The Spatial
Chart of Events in Dealey Plaza
by Robert B. Cutler, Architect
The chart, first published in May 1970, is revised
and brought up to date.

June 1971
41° The Case of Secret Service Agent Abraham W. Bolden

by Bernard Fensterwald, Attorney, Executive Di-
rector, National Committee to Investigate Assassi-
nations

Bolden wanted to tell the Warren Commission

about a Chicago plot to kill President Kennedy,

and was jailed six years on a framed-up charge

for trying to do so.

July 1971
51 The Central intelligence Agency and The New York
Times
by Samuel F. Thurston, Newton, Mass.
The issue of systematic suppression of questions
about the assassination of President John F.
Kennedy, and a hypothesis.

August 1971
37 Jim Garrison, District Attorney, Orleans Patish, vs.
the Federal Government
by Bernard Fensterwald, Attorney, Executive Di-
rector, National Committee to Investigate Assassi-
nations
How District Attorney Jim Garrison of New
Orleans became interested in the New Orleans
phase of the assassination of President Kennedy;
and how the Federal government frustrated and

blocked his investigation in more than a dozen
ways.

September 1971

26 The Federat Bureau of Investigation and the Assassi-
" nation of President Kennedy
by Bernard Fensterwaid, Attorney

How J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI withheld much
pertinent information from the Warren Commis-
sion, flooded them with irrelevant information, and
altered some important evidence, thus concealing
Oswaid’s connections with the FBI.

October 1971

41 The Assassination of President Kennedy — Declassi-
fication of Relevant Documents from the National
Archives

by Richard E. Sprague
The titles of the documents and other evidence
indicate convincingly that Lee Harvey Oswald was
trained in spy work by the CIA before his visit to
Russia; etc. Like the Pentagon Papers, these doc-
uments should be declassified.

November 1971
24 = The Assassination of President Kennedy: The Pattern
of Coup d’Etat and Public Deception
by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and
Automation
Five significant, eye-opening events from May 1970
to October 1971, showing patterns of coup d'etat,
assassination, and concealment; and some predic-
tions.
December 1971 :
32 = The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: A
Model for Explanation
by Vincent J. Salandria, Attorney, Philadelphia, Pa.
A study of the reasons why a great deal of the
Federal government's own evidence in the assassi-
nation of President John F. Kennedy declared
“conspiracy” — and a hypothesis, supported by
considerable evidence, about why the President
was assassinated and how the implications of that
action were to be signaled to those who could
tead the signals.
6 The Strategy of Truth-Telling
by Edmund C. Berkeley
Editoriat
January 1972
57 = Spotlight on McGeorge Bundy and the White House
Situation Room
by Robert B. Cutler, Manchester, Mass.
An argument that the “lone assassin — no con-
spiracy” announcement from the White House
Situation Room could have resulted from infor-
mation available in Dallas and Washington prior to
the announcement — and thus does not actually
demonstrate that someone there had a guilty fore-
knowledge of the shooting.

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: . February 1972
43 Who Shot President Kennedy? — Or Fact and Fable
in History
by Gareth Jenkins, Weston, Mass.

How the physical evidence actually published by
the Warren Commission retating to the assassina-
tion of President John F. Kennedy shows con-
clusively that more than one man was responsible
for the shooting — contrary to the Commission’s’
own report,

March, April, May, June 1972
2 ~sCODalias: Who, How, Why? (in four parts)
by Mikhail Sagatelyan, Moscow, USSR
== ~—A long report published in Leningrad, USSR, by
~ an ace Soviet reporter about the circumstances of
the assassination of President John F. Kennedy,

and their significance from a Soviet point of view.

duly 1972
32 The Shooting of Presidential Candidate George C,
Wallace: A Systems-Analysis Discussion
by Thomas Stamm, Bronx, N.Y., and Edmund C.
Berkeley, Editor
An analysis of the shooting of Governor Wallace

of Alabama; and a discussion of systematic methods

for protecting American leaders from violent at-
tacks.
10 =The Shooting of Governor George C. Wallace, Can-
didate for President
by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor
Editorial

September 1972
24 = The Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy:
Proofs of Conspiracy and of Two Persons Firing

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
A review and summary of the evidence showing
conclusively the fact of conspiracy and the pres-
ence of two guns firing, at the time of the assassi-
nation of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.

November 1972
32 = The Central Intelligence Agency: A Short History to
Mid-1963 — Part 1
by James Hepburn, author of Farewell America

The unverified, but probably largely true, secret
history of the Central Intelligence Agency of the
U.S. — as a preliminary to its involvement in the
assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

December 1972

34 =‘ The Central Intelligence Agency: A Short History to
Mid-1963 — Part 2

38 =Le Francais Qui Devait Tuer Kennedy (The French-

man Who Was To Kill Kennedy)

wee a oe

26

31

34

January 1973
The Frenchman Who Was To Kill Kennedy
by Philippe Bernert and Camille Gilles, L “Aurore,
Paris, France; translated by Ann K. Bradley
English translation of the French newspaper re-
port on José Luis Romero, which was reprinted
in French in the December issue.
Why | Distrust the Romero Story
by Robert P. Smith, Director of Research, Commit-
tee to Investigate Assassinations, Washington, D.C.
The Romero report reprinted from L ‘Aurore has
many earmarks indicating that it is very difficult
to believe.

February 1973
Analysis of the Autopsy on President John F. Ken-
nedy, and the Impossibility of the Warren Commis-
sion’s “Lone Assassin” Conclusion
by Cyril H. Wecht, M.D., Institute of Forensic
Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pa.
The coroner of Allegheny County, Pa., reports on
his examination of the evidence that still remains
{some of it is missing) locked up in the National
Archives of the United States, not accessible to
ordinary investigators.
US. Electronic Espionage: A Memoir — Part 1
by Ramparts, Berkeley, Calif.
How the U.S. National Security Agency intercepts,
- decodes, and understands almost all secret and top
secret electronic communications and signals of ail
nations all over the worid.

March 1973
U. S. Electronic Espionage: A Memoir — Part 2
by Ramparts, Berkeley, Calif.

How the National Security Agency intercepted and
decoded enemy messages in order to direct bomb-
ing strikes in Viet Nam, and often failed; and how
the hideousness of what the American military
forces were doing in Southeast Asia finally led
this interviewee to resigning and terminating.

April, May 1973
The New Orleans Portion of the Conspiracy to As-
sassinate President John F. Kennedy — Four
Articles:
(1) by Edmund C, Berkeléy, in the Apri! issue: (2)
by Jim Garrison, in the April issue; (3) by F. irving
Dymond, in the May issue; (4) by Jim Garrison, in
the May issue
On November 20, 1972, the Supreme Court of the
United States refused to permit Jim Garrison, Dis-
trict Attorney, New Orleans, to prosecute Clay
Shaw for perjury. On November 21, Jim Garrison
issued a statement commenting-on this refusal,
which is Article 4 of this set; Article 1 is an intro-
duction; Articles 2 and 3 are opening statements

é‘

13-00000

«F. trving-Dymond, attorney for the defendant, in
the February 1969 triat of Clay Shaw in New
Orleans; Ciay Shaw was charged by the grand jury
with “having conspired with David W. Ferrie and
Lee Harvey Oswald to murder President John F.
Kennedy” — in regard to which the trial jury
found Clay Shaw “not guilty”.

May 1973

6 Burying Facts and Rewriting History

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and

Automation
Taken together, the information published May
1970 to May 1973 in Computers and Automation
effectively destroys a large segment of the beliefs,
the rewritten history, that the establishment in
the United States has arranged for the peopie in
the United States to believe.

4

June, July 1973

36 The American News Media and the Assassination of
President John F. Kennedy: Accessories After the
Fact (in two parts)
by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

An examination of what happened in many im-
portant American news organizations, to cover up
and hide the facts about how President John F.
Kennedy was actually assassinated in Dallas.

September 1973

6 = Establishments and Truth

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and

Automation
The nature of an establishment as a system

38 =A Parailel of 1963

by Marguerite C. Oswald, Ft. Worth, Texas
The ignoring of evidence of conspiracy regarding
Lee Harvey Oswald — a parallel to the Watergate
cover-up.

October 1973

21) The Framing of Lee Harvey Oswald
by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

When Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested, Nov. 22,
1963, for the assassination of President John F.
Kennedy, he said to his captors in the Dallas jail
cell, “I'ma patsy”. A review of the evidence
(including 18 photographs) proves that Oswald
was a patsy, and that he was “framed” for the
murder of President Kennedy — although “estab-
lishmentese” American history denies it.

ee

Hertlein — Continued from page 19

human failing. Even the most broad-minded practi-
tioner is bound by his or her capacities and philos-
ophy, and it requires a deliberate and concerted ef-
fort to remain open-minded, and to appreciate varied
approaches that are not in accord with one’s own
temporary aesthetic parameters. One discerns com-
puter artists who prefer natural or man-made pat-
terns and sounds, vs. those who desire only mathe~
matics, electronic and computer sounds, sans the
human touch. There are those who exploit two or
three-dimensional static images, vs. the creators
who prefer moving permutations in flux, declaiming
that the computer is a perceptual medium, and there-
fore should not be imprisoned in static form, i.e.,
cybernetic art is “pure idea,” ad infinitum. Ironi-
cally, even the newest of the arts appears destined
to hardening within specific schools of thought,
with separatist camps warring in "vs." expression
and debate.

Summary

It is obvious that the concept of manipulation
and processing via the computer is merely the first
stage of cybernetic creation. Even now, far beyond
the statements of the artistic problem and aesthetic,
personal variation, is a vast, open territory that
is being explored by questioning. hardy intellec-
tual pioneers, as they seek to perceive the inner
anatomy of art and philosophy:

What is style?

What constitutes the aesthetic? How may this
be accomplished?

What is art? Music? Sculpture? Dance?
Poetry?

What is science? Mathematics?

Is art purely the man-made: The sound of

' the human voice, or playing music upon
man-made instruments? The painting and
sculpting of man with hand-held tools?

Is art a part of life, embracing: The ordin-
ary, the animal and natural sounds? The
patterns carved by the winds, sands, and
the water?

Is art perceptual, a mere fleeting moment or
experience in time, or is it permanent, en-
during?

What is the optimum role of man in a cyber-
netic society?

What is the role of art in a technology-ori-
ented world?

What is the symbiosis of man-and-the-machine?

What is thinking?

What is creativity?

Is man the measure of all things?

When man uses the computer as an aid in creation,
or when he attempts to create heuristic art, his
mind finds new questions to explore and to answer.
It appears highly possible that a renewed perception
of life and the arts awaits present and future gen-
erations of man, and that this’ may be partially ac-
complished by eliminating the boundaries of compart-
mentalized disciplines, and by walking freely be-
tween art and science, by combining interdisciplin-
ary practices and materials, to hopefully bring
forth the ideal of an open, growing, and dimensional
perception of art/life for the human rade. O

———

Editor's Note: This paper is published in accord-
ance with a new editorial policy of allowing writers
freer expression, with no editing by the editors, in
the hope that greater variety of expression and
ideas will result for the benefit of readers.

13-00000

«

>

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CORRECTION

In the July 1973 issue of Computers and Automation,
a single article entitled "Communication — Three-

Way: Chimpanzee, Man, Computer" was published. Part
1 was authored by Larry B. Dendy of the Public Rela-
tions Office of the University of Georgia and Part 2
was authored by Ernst von Glasersfeld et al of the
University of Georgia and the Yerkes Regional Prim-
ate Research Center of Emory University.

In compliance with the authors’ wishes, the two
parts of that article have been reprinted as two
separate articles. The first article is authored
solely by Larry B. Dendy and is titled, "Communica-
tion — Three Way: Chimpanzee, Man, Computer." The
second article is authored by Ernst von Glasersfeld
and his colleagues from the Yerkes Primate Research
Center and Georgia State University and is titled,
“A Computer Mediates Communication with a Chimpanzee,"
Also, and in compliance with the authors’ wishes, all
figures and tables of the article as published in
the July 1973 issue have been included in the second
of these articles.

: In the 1973 annual index Computers and Automation

will enter the two articles in this manner, which
serves to separate a regular article from a formal
scientific and technical report.

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13-00000

- Scientists may be free to choose their work, but they
—— ee ee ees eee

Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions

J, P. Frankel

Dean of the Faculty
Harvey Mudd College
Crremont, Calif. 91711

“We think of knowledge as knowing how-to-do-it, wisdom as knowing whether-to-do-it,
and virtue {if the answer is yes) as doing-it:”

In this article, I mean virtue in a much narrower
sense than the theologians, and I mean erroneous con-
ceptions in a much broader sense than planners of
parenthood,

Let me first speak of virtue.

We think of knowledge as knowing how-to-do-it,
wisdom as knowing whether-to-do-it, and virtue as
doing it. In this sense, at least in the universi-
ties, we think of scientists as knowing, the human-
ists as wise, and the engineers and other techni-
cians (doctors, nurses, social workers and the like)
as‘ virtuous, that is, the do-ers,

The World is Full of Problems

Now the world is full of problems where we need to
know how to do it, whether to do it, and (if the an-
swer is yes) to do it. Each of us can make his own
list of pressing social problems: pollution, arms
Nimitation, or population growth. Fortunately we are
reasonably well supplied with scientists, humanists,
and technicians, To understand why we still have
these urgent problems, let us turn to erroneous con-
ceptions.

The erroneous conceptions I wish to deal with
here are:

That it is within the power of scientists and
engineers to choose to work only on projects
"in the public interest,” and

That the market place is where one discovers
the public interest.

Choice of Projects to Work on
Critics seem to assume that scientists and engi-

heers are free to choose their projects, and complain
that they fail to consider the real public interest.

Based on remarks delivered on Joseph C. Wilson Day, November 10,
1972, at the University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y.

have no more to say about how their discoveries are
used than Christopher Columbus did.

As for the engineers, they have more to say about
the uses of science, since they are the ones who
choose which of science's ideas will be applied, but
they in turn have almost no way, at present, of iden-
tifying the public interest, and even less in determ-
ining which products or processes should be produced
to serve it.

A Moratorium on Science?

We will return to this matter of choice, but first
let's eliminate from the list of reasonable alterna-
tives facing society, the silly and dangerous notion
of a moratorium on science,

The key notion in the moratorium idea is that if
you can’t control it, you shouldn't do it. There-
fore, we are urged, don't do any more science until
(presumably) the humanists devise suitable controls.
The trouble with this kind of conceptual contracep-
tion is two-fold, In the first place, as Paul Salt-
man has pointed out eloquently, you can't forbid
knowing any more than you can forbid writing poetry.
Science can be slowed down, of course, by driving it
underground, but even if we slowed it way down, there
is no evidence that we have either knowledge or wis-
dom enough to control its application, unless we
change some of our habits.

A

ignorance and Fear Lead to Irrationality

One habit that needs correction has to do with the
thinking and feeling processes of the humanists —
the philosophers, if you will — who presumably are
to show us how to behave. Too often théy are igno-
rant or fearful of science and engineering. What one
is ignorant or fearful of, he cannot deal with in a
rational way. There is no possibility that we can
learn to control what we do by some non~rational
process, such as satori, using mystically-fashioned
playing cards, etc. Control over what we do will

13-00000

have to be done rationally. I also believe that it
will heve to be done by humanists, and that before
they can do it, we have somehow to lower, or at least
make more permeable, the barrier that separates the
Two Cultures, We will come back to this point later.
Before that, let us return to the notion that engi-
neers choose what they will work on.

The Choices of Engineers

Most engineers do not make cosmic choices. They
do not decide that this product will be built and
that one won't be. Practically all engineers, I sus-
pect, work for other engineers, who work for others,
who work in companies where the products are deter-
mined not by science or philosophy, but by market
analysis. Now market analysis has come a long way
since the days of the Edsel,’ and it often guesses

rately, although not always so, what the public
&@ interested in buying. But what the public buys is
not necessarily what it needs.

The Market-Place Guessing Game

We buy those things that are offered for sale
that are better (in some vague way) than the alter-
mpatives available to us. Except for advertising or
other ways of influencing public opinion, the basic
mechanism of the market-place is a guessing game,
Try this product, see if it sells. If it does, fig-
ure out what it was about it that sold, and push a
little harder. If this one does not sell, retrench
@ little, or gamble on another change — and so on.
Advertising and public opinion do play important
roles — how else explain so many different labels
on the same bar of soap, the same automobile? —
but the decision as to how the engineers' skills
will be used has, in the past, been largely deter-
mined by the instantaneous outcome of the market
game.

Major Civil Problems

Now please do not misunderstand me. The market-
Place mechanisms are important for determining soap
or automobile styles. I believe that criteria of
risk-and-return of investment are elements of our
decision-making processes that we could discard only
at great peril to our society. What I am saying is
that the major civil problems: pollution, poverty,
and population density, for examples, are not likely

_ to be defined by market analysis.

These problems, for which acceptable solutions
are needed, share these characteristics:

First, they cross product classification lines,
and involve more than one sector of the economy.
They are not just problems of the auto industry, or
the mining companies, or manufacturing-but-not-
service-industries — they involve al} of these.

All the skills that all these sectors employ may
have to be applied to these problems. The cement
plants in the country and the transport companies in
the city have pollution problems that differ only in
detail, To expect them to do the necessary research
and development. separately, each with his eye on his
own segment of the market, is to postpone until
much too late, if not forever, solving even the
smaller parts of our problems. The problems, so to
speak, are too big.

These Problems are Hardly Separable

In the same way, the major civil problems are not
readily separable. One can reduce the amount of air

pollution caused by internal combustion engines by
using electric autos, for example. If so, we may
replace polluted air in the cities with polluted
streams out in the country where the new massive
power plants are, Or we can replace with solar
energy the fissionable materials or fossil fuels we
now use for power; however, at least in the near
future, we would then have either much less energy
or much more costly energy, and fewer jobs and more
poverty. (Some among us tend to paint even blacker
pictures. They point out that our society gave up
slavery only when our technology developed to the
point where machines were cheaper than slaves. Is
it possible that we could deliberately reverse this
process and end up with clean air, but with slaves?)

This characteristic of tight linkage, or insep-
arability of the big problems, also suggests that
we cannot rely upon the ordinary market-place mech~
anisms to determine how we employ our technology to
solve our problems,

Very Difficutt Problems

The third characteristic of our problems ,that
forces us to reconsider the mechanisms of choice,
is that our problems are so very difficult. The
technical solutions do not exist outside of social
considerations. The social costs outweigh such us-
ual factor costs as materials, lebor, and capital,
Our cities present much tougher problems than put-
ting man on the moon. As someone smarter than but
unknown to me, has said, "We couldn't have put a
man on the moon if the moon had been inhabited". -

World-wide and Nation-wide Problems

All these characteristics, and others that I've
left out, such as geographical diversity — some
problems are not local, nor even regional or nation-
al, but world-wide — suggest that the organizations
needed for these new problem-solving teams differ
considerably from those of even our biggest, most

diversified companies, or else that we need some

super-industrial team of coordinators, who are to be
responsive not to the elements of the market-place,
but rather to the public interest, Whether that
public is regional, or national or world-wide, some-
one who has thought this problem further through
Must tell. My own thoughts, tempered by a certain
sourly pragmatic view of the interactions of vari-
ous national governments, suggests that the approach
most likely to succeed in the near future is the na-
tional one,

The National Science Policy and Priorities Act

The essentials of a first step in a national plan
are contained in the National Science Policy and
Priorities Act, which, among other things, sets up
procedures for contracting out to universities, com-
panies and other organizations, the research and de-
velopment necessary for solution of the major civil
problems, including the design of civil science sys-
tems, Whether an agency like NASA should be set up,
as the Act says, or whether an existing agency
should supervise new programs, is a matter of de-
bate, The importance to our discussion is that some
federal funding agency, not the various product
market-places, should establish the priorities and
fund the solutions to our civil problems.

As you see, this bill or Act or plan makes a
first approach to nationalizing the solution to na-

tianal nerahiome Ab than mnmn elfen Fe wet diene 34--1

13-00000

collections of scientific, humanistic and engineer-
ing talent, that either already exist in the aero-
space companies, universities and think tanks, or
can be collected there. In essence, this bill
solves one aspect of the problem. It replaces small
or local or single-commodity market-places with a
national market-place based on national needs. I
suspect that the new agency will find that big aero-
space companies usually do not have the necessary
mix of talents, although they probably do have the
necessary organization. The universities, on the
other hand, probably do have the necessary mix of
talents, but probably do not have the proper organ-
ization. It seems, however, to be a logical first
‘step, and the sooner the bill becomes law, the
sooner we can begin to solve our problems.

International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis

An example of the international approach is the
recently established International Institute of Ap-
pl¥@i-Systems Analysis in Vienna as a joint venture
of our National Academy of Sciences and the Soviet
Academy, among others. Since they will operate on
about three-and-a-half million dollars a year (the
Civil Science part of the National Science Policy
and Priorities Act allots an average of 270 million
per year for three years) it is unreasonable to ex-
pect anything more than papers for publication to
come out of Vienna. The international effort will
result in more knowledge and wisdom; on the pro-
posed national budget we could become virtuous as
well,

In Order to be Virtuous
One Must be Wise and Knowing

One final caution. I hope you have not heard
me suggest that only scientists and engineers are
capable of leading us out of the thicket of diffi-
culties we are in, I am not advocating technocracy,
that totalitarian philosophy which says that only
engineers can lead us. I do not believe that tor
one moment, nor does anyone who knows enough engi-
neers and scientists, There is no reason to believe
that they, as a class, are any more capable of
leading our people than, say, the lawyers.

I would rather that you heard me say that no
longer is it virtue merely to do it, but rather
that in order to be virtuous one must also be wise
and also knowing. .

Our Leaders Must Se Part Scientist,
Part Humanist, and Part Engineer

We will need new kinds of agencies and organiza-
tions to define "the public interest" and to find
ways of organizing the talents that may solve some
of our problems, But organizations — universities
and corporations and public agencies — are built by
people, led by other people. So our leaders must be
part scientist, part humanist, and part engineer,
and they must use what they have, not in response to
some particular market-place, but in the true public
interest. Not nearly enough people will be born
with these characteristics. They will have to be
educated.

If this sounds like a very tall order to put to
an education system — it is. .

But we should be encouraged to redesign our edu-
cation systems to help produce such people, not only
because we have to (God knows we do) if mankind is

too survive — but also because we know it is pos-
‘sible.

NUMBLES

Neil Macdonald
Assistant Editor
Computers and Automation

A “numble” is an arithmetical problem in which: digits
have been replaced by capital letters; and there are two
messages, one which can be read right away and a second
one in the digit cipher. The problem is to solve for the
digits.

Each capital letter in the arithmetical problem stands for
just one digit 0 to 9. A digit may be represented by more
than one letter. The second message, which is expressed in.
numerical digits, is to be translated (using the same key)
into letters so that it may be read; but the spelling uses
puns or is otherwise irregular, to discourage cry ptanalytic
methods of deciphering. .

We invite our readers to send us solutions, together with
human programs or computer programs which will preduce
the solutions.

NUMBLE 7311

tFYOU
x GIVE
YLUYIT
YoTRUO
EUEUUE
TYCUOR
=CTUIOUOVT

GV =CU

327897972

Solution to Numble 7310

In Numble 7310 in the October issue, the digits O
through 9 are represented by letters as follows:

O=0 WH5

b=4 P=

E=2 Te?

$=3 R=8

H=4 A=9
7

The message is: Eat what is ripe.

Our thanks to the following individuals for submitting
their solutions — to Numble 7310: Edward A. Bruno, N.
Bergen, NJ. — to Numble 739: Edward A. Bruno, N. Ber-
gen, N.J.; T. P. Finn, Indianapolis, Ind. — to Numble 738:
Nihan Lloyd-Thurston, S. Nutfield, Surrey, England.

13-00000

Nixon and the Mafia — Conclusion

Jeff Gerth

Contributing Editor
SunDance Magazine

1913 Fillmore St.

San Francisco, Calif. $4115

fe “Organized crime will put a man in the White House someday, and he won't
—_— re : even know it until they hand him the bill.”

Part 1 of "Nixon and the Mafia" was published in
the September issue of “Computers and Automation";
Part 2, in the October issue. Part 3 begins here

with further information about the relation of
4 President-to-be Richard M. Nixon with shady trans-
actions in the Bahamas.

Shakeup in the Bahamas

By the middle Sixties there was a storm brewing.
Internal friction had forced out a few people like
Lou Chesler, while a wave of public investigations
were blaring the role of underworld figures like
Meyer Lansky. The 1967 Royal Commission of Inquiry
also dredged up another familiar name — Richard
Nixon.

Testimony before the Royal Commission by Max
- Courteney, a Lansky lieutenant, detailed a long
bookmaking career and brought out the names of a
large clientele, including the then ex-Vice Presi-
dent Richard Nixon.

Mary Carter Paint

The Royal Commission also bared a deal which im-
plicated Richard Nixon far more deeply than passing
mention by an underground bookie.

In 1967 Lyndon Pindling became the first black
premier ever to serve the almost one hundred percent
black citizenry of the island. Pindling was hardly
@ revolutionary, however, for among the people in-
Strumental in putting him in office was a gambler
close to Lansky named Mike McLaney. The Royal Com-
mission branded McLaney a “thoroughly dangerous per-
son" and accused him of maneuvering Pindling into at
least one deal involving a questionable gambling
concession.

Part of the post-election controversy was a com.
pany based in Tampa which bore the innocuous name of
“Mary Carter Paint Company”. .

In 1965 Lansky's front-man (and former Key Bis-
cayne landowner) Wallace Groves, filed a joint ap-
plication with the Mary Carter Company to open a

Reprinted with permission fram SunDance Magazine, November-December,
1972, Volume 1, Number 3, published by and copyright by Running Dog,
inc., 1913 Fillmore St., San Francisco, Calif, 94115

~ Ralph Salerno

casino on Paradise Island in the Bahamas. The ubig-
uitous Sir Stafford Sands handled the legalities.
Knowledgeable observers looked for the mystery man,
and a Justice Department memo, dated January 18,
1966, predicted that “the atmosphere seems ripe for
a Lansky skim".

After Pindling's election, Groves was forced out
and the Mary Carter Paint Company had itself two new
casinos. At the 1967 opening of one of them — the
Nassau Bay Club — the honored guest was Richard
Nixon.

The following year — 1968 — the othe. Mary Car-
ter Club, the Paradise Island Casino, opened for
business. The owners felt close enough to Nixon to
offer him use of their facilities during the 1968
Republican Convention. Nixon felt more comfortable
at Key Biscayne, but some of his staff took up the
offer. ,

Mary Carter Becomes Resorts International

In 1969 Mary Carter — now called Resorts Inter-
national — reluctantly "released" one Dino Cellini,
claiming that while he “had a relatively unsavory
background, he had no criminal record, no criminal
associates". Cellini hopped across the water to
Miami, where, according to Dade County Sheriff In-
telligence Reports, he continued to work in conjunc~
tion with Paradise Island Casino. The reports al-
lege that Cellini was an almost daily visitor to Re-
sorts International's Miami office, where he checked
eredits and worked with a company booking junkets to
the Paradise Island Casino.

There are those who maintain that Cellini's con-
nections with Resorts International symbolize the
influence of Lansky. In a 197) editorial, the Las
Vegas Sun concluded an eleven part series on organ-
ized crime — some of which centered on Resorts In-
ternational -- by charging that "however cloaked and
cleverly concealed by the guardians, gambling in the
Bahamas is controlled by Meyer Lansky and it has
been established in police intelligence reports that
the fee is fifteen percent of the gross income”. The
now defunct Toronto Telegram reported in 1970 that
“observers believe that the resourceful Lansky is
still managing to get his cut from the Bahamas".

Resorts International, through its ninety-one
percent owned subsidiary, Intertel, has denied al]
allegations of involvement with organized crime. It

13-00000

was Intertel that ITT hired in 1972 to snoop on col-
‘umnist Jack Anderson.

The latest and possibly most damaging charge in
the Resorts International battle came in June 1972
in an IRS inspired indictment of Meyer Lansky and

-Pino Cellini. The indictment reads in part:

On or about May 17, 1968, unindicted co-conspira-
tor Vincent Teresa met with defendants Meyer Lan-
sky and Dino Cellini in Miami and had a discus-
sion wherein defendants Lansky and Cellini gave
Teresa permission to conduct gambling junkets to
the Paradise Island Casino.

Thus government agents allege that in 1968 Lan-
sky maintained at least some control in running jun-
kets to Resorts International's Paradise Island Cas-
ino. The junket racket is an integral part of the
casino operation, and as recently as 1971 Lansky's
e@kert Eddie Cellini was reportedly still arranging
junkets for the Paradise Island Casino.

Enter Nixon and Rebozo

It was in 1967 — with Lansky still okaying jun-
kets and Cellini still running the Paradise Island
Casino — that Richard Nixon and Bebe Rebozo became
friends with the head of Resorts International.

It should be no surprise that James Golden, the
recently (1969) hired "deputy director of security”
for Resorts International is a good friend of Nix-
on's. As a Secret Service guard for Nixon when he
was Vice President, Golden made a good enough im-
pression to be appointed staff security chief for
Nixon in 1968. Golden was also security director
of Nixon's convention headquarters in Miami that
year, and was security director for his subsequent
inauguration. Later that year he moved to Resorts
International. Golden is just one of along string
of interesting Nixon security appointees, among
them Watergate indictees James McCord, Gordon Liddy,
and Howard Hunt.

There are rumors, some of which have been aired
in the press, that Richard Nixon owns stock in Re-
sorts International. Former Republican Presidential
candidate Thomas E. Dewey does own stock in the com-
pany, and, according to organized crime investigator
Hank Messick among others, there are reports of Lan-
sky buying stock as well. Nobody has proved any-
thing one way or another about the stock connec-
tions, but that Nixon is connected to Resorts Inter-
Mational, at least through Golden, is indisputable.

Perhaps more disquieting than rumors of Nixon
stock ownership in an underworld holding company for
Bahamian casinos are the reports of his meddling in
Bahamian affairs. In 1969 a proposed tax increase
on gambling profits to provide money for Bahamian
schools was slashed in half by the Minister of Fi-
mance. The Minister refused to explain the cut,
and told opposition members to “use your imagina-
tion” for an explanation.

The advice was taken literally by some Bahamian
papers who speculated that pressure came from “out-
side sources connected with casinos". One Bahamian
Paper asked openly if "a telephone call from the
White House was not responsible?"

Whereas our investigation into Cuban politics
brought evidence to light possible violations of the
Neutrality Act, we now have the possibility of an
American President who has spent e significant
amount of his vacation time in the Bahamas also med-
dling in the affairs of that country.

Richard Nixon, a man with both visible and invis-
ible links to the underworld and politics of pre-
Castro Cuba, turns up in the Bahamas with very simi-
lar links, bringing some big names along with him.

Enter William Rogers

Two men with histories both in Bahamian politics
and in the finances of organized crime have made
frequent use of the legal services of a firm whose
most prominent partner is Richard Nixon's old friend
William P. Rogers, one-time Secretary of State.

The two men are Mike McLaney, charged by the
Royal Commission in 1967, and a business cohort of
his named William Colusardo. McLaney and Colusardo
were investigated in 1967 by the Securities and Ex-
change Commission in connection with a blueberry
plantation that McLaney sold to a company controlled
by Colusardo. The subsequent corporate jugglings
implicated (among others) newly elected Bahamian
Premier Lyndon Pindling. Among Colusardo's "favors"
for Pindling were the use of his airplane during the
election campaign, and a $127,000 contribution in
the form of an "interest payment". The law firm
that defended McLaney and Colusardo against the SEC
was that of William P. Rogers. ‘Rogers had been a
close friend and political associate of Nixon's for
twenty-five years. He accompanied Nixon on many of
his Bahamian jaunts and also made frequent stops
with him at the Key Biscayne Inn and Villas. In ad-
dition to being an "R & R" sidekick, Rogers was the
man Nixon turned to for counsel amidst his personal
crises in the Checkers affair and Eisenhower's seri-
ous heart attack.

Rogers served the Eisenhower/Nixon team for eight
years in the Department of Justice, first as Deputy
Attorney General, and then, by 1957, as Attorney
General. The Justice Department's record against
organized crime in the years following the Kefauver
Commission was lackluster, to say the least. It was
Rogers who personally rejected the recommendations
of the specially constituted Wessell Committee on
organized crime set up in the wake of the infamous
Appalachian raid in upstate New York that revealed
a Mafia summit conference. The Committee's propos-
als for a concentrated and coordinated war on or-
ganized crime were only implemented some years later
by Attorney General Robert Kennedy.

A footnote in the Justice Department files was a
report by IRS Special Agent Josph Delfine, dated Oc-
tober 19, 1953. The IRS recommended to the Justice
Department that "criminal proceedings be instituted
against Meyer Lansky in the Southern Judicial Dis-
trict of New York for the willful attempt to defeat
and evade a large portion of his income taxes for
the years 1945 and 1947 under section 145b of the
Internal Revenue Code". The Justice Department —
with William Rogers second in command at the time —
respectfully declined to prosecute.

Lums Hot Dogs

Upon leaving his post as Attorney General in
1960, Rogers became a member of the New York firm of
Royal, Koegel and Wells. In 1969, with its leading
partner about to become Secretary of State, Royal,
etc, moved with its clients wholeheartedly into the
world of gambling casinos and organized crime.

A year later Royal took on the account of the
Miami-based hot dog chain, Lums Inc. What did a hot
dog chain have to offer a prestigious New York law
firm? The answer may lie in where the firm took its
client.

2

13-00000

Py

In 1969 Lums purchased the Ceasar's Palace Hote!
and Casino in Las Vegas for $60,000,000. A month
later the Nevada state gambling authorities were
looking into the hotels’ “catering to twelve under-
world figures from Kansas City”.

A few months after the purchese the SEC filed
suit charging Lums and Ceasar's Palace with "false
and misleading” statements. The SEC wondered how
Ceasar's managed to lose $1,000,000 in five months
when the previous year (before Lums bought in) there
was a $2,200,000 profit for a comparable time period.

The SEC also questioned Lums concerning the
$3,500,000 Lums paid one Jerome Zarowitz, aconvicted
professional sports fixer who wasn't even listed as
.an owner of the casino. Top officials in both Cea~
sar's and Lums have been under investigation by IRS
intelligence in Miami and by Nevada gaming authori-

ykes in cases involving organized crime ever since
Rogers’ firm took on the Lums account.

There is also the question of the 1971 Lums ac-
quisition of a North Miami housing resort develop-
ment called Sky Lakes. Both Sky Lakes and Ceasar's
Palace have received large sums of money from the
Teamsters — $12,000,000 for the Miami project and
more than $16,000,000 for Ceasar's Palace.

With things going slowly, Lums announced plans
for a new $22,000,000 casino next door to Ceasar's
Palace. In December of 1971 the company decided
that the whole restaurant idea was no longer worth
the trouble. In a classic climax to a classic Amer-
ican success they changed their name to Ceasar's
World Inc. and sold their hot dog stands.

Meanwhile the Secretary of State's old law firm
reaped a bundle with their new-found involvement in
the Las Vegas underworld. With such stunning suc-
cesses at home, one wonders what a firm with a link
to the Secretary of State could do abroad, in places
like the Bahamas ovr Vietnam, for example.

Nor do the underworld implications of big names
surrounding Nixon end with the Secretary of State.
Murray Chotiner, a long-time Nixon aide and archi-
tect of his early smear campaigns, has past links to
the underworld. In 1962 Drew Pearson and Jack An-
derson wrote that “Chotiner ... besides representing
the top gangster of Philadelphia, Marco Reginelli,
represented a long and amazing list of hoods, con-
cession peddlers, income tax violators and others
needing influence in high places ..." It was Chot-
iner who brought Frank Vitale, “once involved in
the biggest bootlegging conspiracy on the West
Coast," onto Nixon's special plane to Moscow in 1959,

Nixon's recent appointment of Walter Annenberg as
Ambassador to England also echoes the themes of un-
derworld involvement. Annenberg and his father were
indicted in 1939 for "aiding and abetting” in con-
nection with their wire service operation inChicago,
an operation run with the protection of Al Capone,
for which the Annenbergs paid $1,000,000. The An-
nenberg family wag also a major contributor to Nix-
on's 1966 election campaign.

Further back in the Nixon saga, and closer to his
southern California birthplace, lies San Diego fin-
ancier, C. Arnholdt Smith and his bookmaker partner
John Alessio. In 1946 Alessio and Smith introduced
Nixon to another bookmaker named Lew Lipinsky. Lip-
insky, who was convicted for bookmaking in 1938,
served for three decades as a go-between for the
Smith/Alessio interests to their syndicate connec-
tions.

Some of the dealings of the Smith/Alessio combine
were brought to national prominence by a recent LIFE
magazine article which accused Attorney General
Richard Kleindienst of “tampering with justice” in a
case involving Alessio, According to the Wall Street
Journal, Smith raised $1,000,000 for Nixon's 1968
campaign. He and his wife took the first position
on the receiving line behind the President at the
White House inauguration.

More of the Same in California

Nixon's other favorite resting place besides Key
Biscayne is the area near his birthplace in southern
California. Here the underworld pattern of his
Florida involvements repeats itself — in a strik-
ingly similar pattern.

One story there involves Nixon's multi-million-
aire backer, C. Arnholdt Smith, and the Del Charro
Hotel in La Jolla, just north of San Diego.

The Del Charro was a favorite stopover for Nixon
in the Fifties. Owned by the Murchison brothers,
who also owned the nearby Del Mar race track, the
hotel played host to numerous Detroit and Las Vegas
gangsters. Alan Witwer, a former. manager of the
hotel, has alleged in statements to this repofter and

“others that the hotel served as a secret meeting

place for politicians and assorted business inter-
ests, some of them from the underworld. Witwer spe-
cifically cited a 1954 meeting attended by Nixon and
chaired by a leading member of ITT. He also claimed
that there was a bookmaking operation at the hotel,

but has offered no documented proof.

Mrs. C. Arnholdt Smith is a permanent resident of
the Del Charro, and the hotel's visitors have in-
cluded John Connally, Barry Goldwater, and J. Edgar
Hoover. Hoover's $15,000-a~year bills were picked
up by the stockholders of the Murchison interests.

The fact that certain of Hoover's good friends
rubbed elbows, rather warmly, with Meyer Lansky, and
the fact that the nation's leading crime fighting
agency — the FBI — has come up almost blank in its
fight against organized crime may not prove anything
about Hoover. On the other hand, these facts don't
make it any easier to dismiss questions which might
arise about the influence of organized crime at the
highest levels of government.

North of the Del Charro and thirty miles sovth of
the San Clemente White House, lies the mammoth La
Costa land resort development. The development is
tied to both Smith (his daughter is a director) and
to the Teamsters.

LaCosta was originally developed by Cleveland
Syndicate reliables Allard Roen and Moe Dalitz. The
development was reorganized in 1968 to bring Team-
ster control more in line with their investments,
which already exceeded $18,000,000. Like Sky Lakes,
its Florida counterpart, La Gosta attracts a whole
range of figures from organized crime. La Costa
visitors have included Willie "Ice Pick” Alderman,

a St. Louis mob cohort Morris Shenker, and Wallace
Groves and Lou Chesler of Bahamas fame.

According to eyewitnesses, when Groves’ helicop-
ter sets down, the red carpet is rolled out. It may
be because Groves bought a home in La Costa, but
more likely it's because, as government agents put
it, “where Groves appears, Meyer Lansky will not be
far behind”.

Another mob frequenter of the La Costa develop-
ment is Jake Arvey, an organizer of the Republic

.

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Nationa} Bank in Miami, the bank through which Ber-
nard Barker channeled funds for the Watergate crime.

The Teamsters Again

A recent visitor to La Costa was Frank Fitzsim-
mons, a key to Nixon’s new-found support in organ-
ized labor. Fitzsimmons is president of tne Team-
sters Union. This summer he stopped in La Costa on
his way to see Nixon at San Clemente. Fitzsimmons
had just come from dinner in Detroit with a local

Mafia figure and soon after his Detroit-La Costa-San —

Clemente excursion, Fitzsimmons announced his sup-
port for Nixon. One wonders whether the Teamster
decision to stay on the Pay Board and to support
Nixon is somehow related to what the Detroit Free
Press has been hinting strongly as of late: that the
administration has stopped prosecution of Frank's
son Richard Fitzsimmons — the business partner of a
Detroit mobster — on charges of missing union funds,
if™fSichange for Teamster support of the Republican
President.

Whatever deals Nixon and Fitzsimmons did make,
the Teamsters have a long working relationship with
organized crime. Their marriage goes back over
twenty years, where Jimmy Hoffa was introduced to
the Detroit underworld by Paul Dorfman, in exchange
for some multi-million dollar insurance business.
Dorfman's son, Paul, has residences at both Sky
Lakes and La Costa and was recently convicted of
teking kickbacks on a Teamster loan.

The Teamster tradition of labor racketeering and
corruption made for a ready alliance with the mob.
Early government investigations of the Teamsters,
such as the Bobby Kennedy-led McClellan Permanent
Committee on Investigations, centered on labor rac-
keteering. As Attorney General, Kennedy continued
his pursuit of the Teamsters and their boss, Jimmy
Hoffa. At one point Kennedy had twenty-nine grand
juries simultaneously investigating Hoffa's activity
— one of which led to a conviction for mail fraud
and jury tampering. .

-In 1969, two Oakland Tribune reporters concluded
a six-month investigation with the charge that "the
$628 ,000,000 Teamsters Central States, Southeast and
Southwest Pension Fund headquartered in Chicago, has
become a bankroll for some of America's most sinis-
ter underground figure",

Nowhere does the relationship between this fund
and the mob surface more dramatically than in Las
Vegas, where Teamster trustees have approved loans
between $50 and $70,000,000, some shakily secured by
second mortgages and subordinated notes. A high-
ranking Federal official has commented that "the
Teamster fund is a sort of open bank to people well-
Connected in Las Vegas and well-connected to organ-
ized crime”,

It was Hoffa's desire “to have [his] own bank in
every city” that brought on the Teamster takeover of
the Miami National Bank. The Bank in turn is just
one of a long list of ventures, suchas Ceasar's Pal-
ace, Sky Lakes, La Costa, Worldwide Realty, Interna-
tional Airport Hotel Systems, Truesdale Estates, in
which Teamster money amounting to over $60,000,000
figures prominently alongside the social and busi-
ness partners of Richard M. Nixon — a line of in-
vestments that leads from Nixon's three White Houses
to a Federal clemency for Jimmy Hoffa and back to

- organized crime.

The current head of the Justice Department's
Criminal Division saw enough evidence in 1967 to say

that he "knew for a moral certainty [that] in the
upper echelons there is an amalgamation between the
Cosa Nostra and the Teamsters Union". In 1971, when
a Federal Grand Jury probing the activities of Meyer
Lansky questioned Jimmy Hoffa, many wondered whether
the links between the two giants were more direct
than the numerous transactions between mutual
friends.

A few months after his testimony, Hoffa was
granted clemency after serving less than five years
of his thirteen-year sentence. The freeing of Hoffa
and three co-defendents of the 1963 wire fraud pen-
sion case is the latest and most crucial event in
Nixon's longstanding friendship, a friendship with
some clear public benefits fur both. Jack Anderson
documents, for example, that as early as 1960, then
Vice-President Nixon and Attorney General Rogers in-
tervened to halt an indictment against Hoffa in ex-
change for Hoffa's support in the 1960 election.

ANICO — More of the Same in Texas

In recent years the Teamster fund has been super-
seded by a giant Texas insurance company as a major
source of finance for Las Vegas .casinos tied to the
mob. The company is the American National Insurance
Company (ANICO) of Galveston, Texas. ANICO is close
to the heart and pocketbook of the two ranking Tex~
ans in the Nixon administration — former Treasury
Secretary John Connally and former Assistant Attor-
ney General Will Wilson.

As well as floating more than $40,000,000 to Las
Vegas casinos and $13,000,000 to premier mob attor-
ney Morris Shanker, ANICO has made loans to two
Florida companies close to Richard Nixon —
$1,750,000 in 1966 to the Mary Carter Paint Gompany,
and $3,000,000 in 1970 to a subsidiary of Worldwide
Realty. ‘

That year a group of disenchanted stockholders
filed a multi-million-dollar suit, charging ANICO
officials with having taken control of the company
and using it as a private preserve as well as a
source of funds for the mob. -

The defendants in the suit hired Nixon's New York
firm to handle the case. Connally's Houston law
firm has also been used by ANICO. The First Na-
tional Bank of Houston, ofwhich Connally was a di-
rector and in which some of his law partners were
officers, has provided-an interest-free account of
more than $1,000,000 for ANICO. Connally was also
a director of a savings association which was pur-
chased recently by ANICO.

Will Wilson was “general” of the Justice Depart-
ment's “war" on crime from 1969-1971. He was head
of the Criminal Division until October 1971, when
his resignation was forced by disclosures tying him
to the scandal-rocked financial empire of Texas
wheeler-dealer Frank Sharp. Wiidson has been charged
by dissident ANICO stockholders of helping to drag
ANICO into the twilight zones of finance with such
deals as the 1963 absorption of a defaulted $450,000
mortgage held by Sharp. Sharp's attorney and "finan-
cial advisor" on the deal was Will Wilson.

,

While Attorney General of Texas, Wilson sued the
foundation which controlled ANICO to bring three new
trustees onto the foundation's board of directors.
Wilson has no visible ties to the new trustees,
whose votes were instrumental in shaping the com-
pany's new financial course. But dissident stock-
holders have charged that the “negotiations” that

*

13-00000

' brought on the shift of control in the foundations

were handled by a Galveston law firm linked to the
mob. The stockholders also claim that John Connally
played a role in these negotiations, albeit a “back-
stage" role. The ANICO case is part of a long his-
tory of Wilson's involvement with the Galveston un-
derworld.

When he came to the Justice Department in Wash-
ington, Wilson discovered the organized crime divi-
sion looking into the affairs of ANICO. Since then
there have been no indictments in the case and there
are reports that Wilson had the ANICO files locked
safely in his personal office. One source of those
reports is Stewart Hopps, a former Justice Depart-
ment investigator.

Some serious conflict-of-interest charges con-
cerning ANICO remain:

ts

age®- The officers of ANICO who were later represented

by Nixon's law firm, made a loan to a company

whose top officers are long-time friends of Nixon.

@ The criminal division of the Justice Department
has been headed by a man with direct Links in a
company the division is supposedly investigating.

® The company also has clear ties to Nixon's former
Treasury Secretary, a man mentioned for the Vice-
Presidency, the national chairman of Democrats
for Nixon, and a key figure in the President's
re-election scheme.

Whose Justice Department?

The ANICO case takes us to a fitting endpoint to
the story of Richard Nixon's involvement with the
underworld — the Department of Justice. It is an
old saw that criminal and criminal-chaser eventually
become involved in the same business, but in Richard
Nixon that old saw has become more of a reality than
perhaps ever before in American history. For Rich-
ard Nixon is a man whose name has been synonymous
with “law and order" in America for three decades.

Yet the four-year "war" on organized crime by the
Nixon administration bears more resemblance to the
“peace” in Vietnam than a sincere effort to get at
the mob.

In a recent interview in U.S. News and World Re-
port (September 11, 1972), Attorney General Richard
Kleindienst hailed “about 1600" indictments of un-
derworld figures brought by the Nixon administration
in the past three and half years. The Justice De-
partment claims that many of these indictments in-
volve top mobsters.

Those outside the Nixon administration, however,
have charged that the government's prosecution has
been both partisan and selective, aimed exclusively
at mobsters linked to big-city Democrats such as in
Newark, and at the “little fish" who are always in
abundance and who make little difference in conduct-
ing mob business. Time has reported that quotas
have been established (i.e. one hundred hoodlums a
month for New York City) and that arrests are "being
delayed so that future quotas can be filled", The
New York Times has editorialized about the ease with
which petty gamblers can and have*been rounded up,
and wondered aloud if the Justice Department isn't
conducting more a publicity war than one on organ-
ized crime. A Times report this year found the gov-
ernment was building up a backlog of gambling in-
dictments, saving them for a crucial time during the
election campaign. :

Indeed, while the Nixon-Agnew-Mitchell team has
used the spectre of "CRIME" to keep the fear level
high and to guarantee large budgets and expanded
powers for their Justice Department, the actual “at-
tempts" of the Nixon administration to cope with or-
ganized crime have resembled a somewhat sinister up-
date of the Keystone Cops.

For example, up to 1,000 of Kleindienst's vaunted
1600 indictees in gambling and organized crime may
have their cases thrown out for somewhat dubious
“improper procedures" technicalities. A Miami at-
torney named James Hogan has "discovered" irregular-
ities on signatures required for electronic surveil-
lance authorizations. Court-approved wiretaps re-
quire written authorization by the Attorney General
of a designated representative, in this case Will
Wilson. Instead of being signed by John Mitchell or
by Wilson, the authorizations in question were
signed by aides, thus rendering thousands of wiretap
authorizations — and the indictments based on them
— useless.

Hogan himself is a long-time syndicate attorney
and a partner of Ben Cohen, a former political boss
of Miami Beach who figures prominently in the For-
ties' takeover of Miami by organized crime. The
case in which Hogan made his discovery involved the
busting of the largest heroin/cocaine ring én Miami,
many of whose members were Cuban refugees. Inspec-
tion of various court papers, including wiretap
authorizations, confirmed “irregularities” in the
Signature — Will Wilson's signature. While resem-
bling his actual handwriting, the signatures ap-
peared as "Wil" instead of "Will".

While it may seem strange for an aide to misspell
his boss’ name, it seems even stranger that Hogan
took the case. His normal fees start in five fig-
ures but he has been working on behalf of his court-
declared indigent client for more than two years
with minimal compensation. While Hogan is known as
a “very thorough” attorney, it would be interesting
to find out more about the circumstances in which he
discovered the "irregularities".

Even more interesting, perhaps, are the circum-

‘stances under which Richard Kleindienst was offered

a bribe of $100,000 to quash several mobindictments
In sworn testimony in November 1971, Kleindienst admit-
ted to being offered the $100,000 bribe (which would
be paid in the form of a contribution to Nixon's
1972 campaign) in exchange for stopping prosecution
against several underworld figures caught in a stock
fraud case. The bribe was offered by an aide of
Senator Hiram Fong, a Republican from Hawaii. The
aide had worked previously with Kelindienst through
Fong's position on the Senate Judiciary Committee.
Kleindienst said he refused the offer but he also.
said he did not realize it was a bribe for an entire
week |

In cross examination, the prosecutor asked Klein-
dienst, "If you had regarded the conversation as
something regarding a bribe offer you would have im-

mediately report it, would you not?"

"Yes sir," replied Kleindienst, "I would have.”

Kleindienst admitted he reported the bribe a full
week later, upon learning from J. Edgar Hoover that
Federal agents were investigating the case.

One would expect the Attorney General of the
United States to be more alert. But what is more
troubling are reports aired in the Washington Post

13-00000

shortly after the indictments in the stock fraud
pase in question (and ten months before Klein-~
dienst's testimony on the bribe). Those reports
quoted "sources at the U.S. Attorney's office in New
York" and indicated that after the meeting between
Kleindienst and Fong's aide, "Kleindienst immedi-
ately contacted Justice's Criminal Division [then
headed by Will Wilson] and ... an FBI agent was as-
signed to infiltrate the group of alleged conspira-
tors".

Do we now believe Kleindienst's story that he
“didn’t realize" he had been offered a bribe, or
do we believe the U.S. Attorney's office in New
York? Did Will Wilson and the Justice Department
hold off a week while Kleindienst "made up his
mind" that he had been offered a bribe, or was the
decision whether or not to take it? And did Hoover
and the FBI somehow interfere?

’ aps the answer comes in the final outcome of,
the @ctual prosecution involved. The defendants in
the stock-fraud case included Meyer Lansky's son-in-
law, a former director of the Bank of Miami Beach
and Johnny Dio, a notorious racketeer long associ-
ated with Jimmy Hoffa. They were acquitted, while
the messengers who offered the bribe were convicted.
One wonders if that $100,000 did not find its way
into the Republican secret treasury after all.

The Tip of the Iceberg

"The organized criminal relies on physical terror
and psychological intimidation, on economic re-
taliation and political bribery, on citizen's in-
difference and government acquiescence. He cor-
Yupts our governing institutions and subverts our
democratic processes."

— Richard Nixon, April 24, 1969

Someone should tell President Nixon that resist-
ing the power of organized crime demands, above all,
a President with a clean slate.

Nixon's life is like a complex jigsaw puzzle, the
pieces of which have been shuffled so as to defy
complete reconstruction. Some of the crucial pieces
have been removed, so a full picture cannot be
achieved. It is no accident that no other politi-
cian has been so much written about, yet so little
understood.

Indeed, much has been made of the “enigma” of
Richard Nixon, his tight-lipped bearing in relation
to his personal life, his unwillingness to divulge
what's really on his mind.

But maybe the answer to the enigma lies in his
old poker-playing instincts, in the unfailing abil-
ity to keep quiet when he's sitting on cards best
hidden from the table.

For there is one indisputable fact about Richard
Nixon's career — his ascendancy to the pinnacle of
American power has required twenty-five years of
care and feeding by some very wealthy and very re-
actionary men, and an extraordinary number of them
have maintained connections with the world of or-
ganized crime.

During Nixon's years in office the underworld em-
pire in the United States has prospered almost unre-
stricted by the Federal government. From its base
in the gigantic resources of heroin traffic, gamb-
ling, prostitution, “protection,” and a host of
other enterprises of violence against society, or-
ganized crime has moved like a bulldozer into the
world of legal, “respectable” business.

Every link between Richard Nixon and organized
crime, however marginal, is of significance, if for
no other reason because he is President. And there
are people all over America, from government intel-
ligence agents to hotel waiters, who have Nixon
stories to tell. He covers his tracks well, but not
well enough.

The full extent of Nixon's involvement with or-
ganized crime is just beginning to surface. The
evidence in this article is merely the top of a
dirty iceberg that will slowly become visible over

. the coming years.

The milieu in which he has traveled for three
decades, and in which so many of his friends, as-
sociates, and appointees have been related to the
mob, throw a long and permanent shadow over every-
thing Richard Nixon the “public servant” has ever
said, and over everything his political life has
ever meant.

For in light of his career, both past and pres-
ent, Richard M. Nixon seems to be the factual em-
bodiment of Ralph Salerno's prediction that organ-
ized crime would someday put its own man in the
White House.

—————

The information in this article was gathered
during a six-month investigation carried out in
many cities, primarily Miami, New York, Washington,
D.C., Los Angeles, San Diego, Las Vegas, Dallas,
Austin, Galveston, Tallahassee, and San Francisco.
Sources included interviews with over a hundred
people; court documents (including deeds, mortgages,
etc.); research in the National Archives, Washing-
ton, D.C.; organized crime intelligence files (both
private and government); and newspaper clippings.

Unsettling, Disturbing, Critical .. *

Computers and Automation, established 1951] and
therefore the oldest magazine inthe field of com-

puters and data processing. believes that the pro-
fession of information engineer includes not only
competence in handling information using computers
and other means, but also a broad responsibility.
in'a professional and engineering sense, for:

— The reliability and social significance of
pertinent input data;

— The social] value and truth of the output
results. ,

In the same way, a bridge engineer takes a pro-
fessional responsibility for the reliability and
significance of the data he uses, and the safety
and efficiency of the bridge he builds, for human
beings to risk their lives on.

Accordingly, Computers and Automation publishes
from time to time articles and other information

related tosocially useful input and output of data
systems in a broad sense. To this end we seek to
publish what is unsettling, disturbing, critical
— but productive of thought and an improved and
safer “house” for 211 humanity. an earth in which
our children and later generations may have a fu-
ture, instead of facing extinction. ,

The professional information engineer needs to
relate his engineering to the most important and
most serious problems in the world today: war,
nuclear weapons, pollution, the population explo-
sion, and many more.


13-00000

. guard is notified.

ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK

Computing and Data Processing Newsletter

Table of Contents

APPLICATIONS
National American Bank Installs Computer- 42
Based Security System
Nova Computer Checks Stréngth of Roof in 42

«gee Coal Mine

“Phone Books by Computer
EDUCATION NEWS

Digital Equipment Corp. Computer Aids M.I.T. 43
Music Project

Composing by Computer at ISU 44
Student Programs Computer for Remedial 44
Instruction
RESEARCH

"Talking" Ballpoint Pen Under Development 45

MISCELLANEOUS
ICCP Names Directors and Officers 45

IFIP Congress '74 Travel Grants 47

APPLICATIONS

NATIONAL AMERICAN BANK INSTALLS
COMPUTER-BASED SECURITY SYSTEM

Tom Burbank

National American Bank
200 Carondelet

New Orleans, La. 70130

A computer-based system designed to prevent un-
authorized access to high security areas has gone
into operation at National American Bank here —
one of the first U.S. banks to install such a sys-
tem. The IBM Controlled Access System (CAS) at Na-
tional American is based on the use of magnetically
encoded, wallet-sized identification cards similar
to bank credit cards.

Each person authorized to enter a security area
is assigned a card coded with his own security num-
ber. Employees seeking entry to an area covered by
the system simply insert their cards into compact
Teading devices on entrance doors, and. the informa-
tion is transmitted to an IBM System/7 computer for
identification.

Stored in the computer's memory is a list of em-
ployee numbers and building areas these numbers are
@esignated for. If the number of the card entitles
the bearer access to that area, the computer signals
the door to unlock. If the person is unauthorized
to enter, the door remains closed and a security
The elapsed time is approximately
one second.

If a card is lost or stolen, a new card (with a
new number) is issued and the system is alerted to
Geny entry to the original card.” If the old card
is used, the guard is alerted.

As an additional safeguard, the system can auto-
matically log all entrance activity by individual
security code. door number, date and time of day.
This helps track wha is where and for how long.
National American can now analyze the number of

assets stored in the bank,”

times an individual enters and at what time of day
or night this activity occurs. The system also has
built-in failsafe mechanisms which insure security
in the event of a power failure.

“Unfortunately, we are doing business in a time
when public and private institutions are increas-
ingly vulnerable to lawless elements," said National
American President Louie J. Roussel III. "By adding
the IBM Controlled Access System to our current se-
curity procedures, we are taking a major step to in-
sure that our customers and employees are protected.
And, by controlling access to the collateral’ instru-
ment storage areas, we can make it very difficult
for unauthorized people to gain access to valuable

NOVA COMPUTER CHECKS STRENGTH
OF ROOF IN COAL MINE

Edgar E. Geithner
Data General Corp.
Southbaro, Mass, 01772

Data General's minicomputers track hurricanes
from airplanes for the U.S. Air Force; the Army has
mounted them in helicopters; Scripps Oceanographic
Institute has one on a ship; a scientist bounces
over Canadian glaciers with one mounted in his
tracked vehicle; and an oil company uses one of the
computers to control an oilfield in the Libyan des-
ert. Now engineers at the University of Texas (Aus-
tin) have a minicomputer in the bottom of a mine.

Dr. A. L. Podio, an assistant professor in the
university's Department of Petroleum Engineering,
and a team of researchers from the Center for Earth
Sciences and Engineering. use a Nova 820. computer to
detect possible weak spots in the roofs of mines.

The computer system, developed for the U.S. Bureau
of Mines, has been.on the job on the floor of Kaiser
Corporation’s York Canyon coal mine in New Mexico.
“One of the most frequent causes of mine accidents
is roof collapse," Dr. Podio said. “This system was
designed to use the principles of seismic explora-
tions to identify failure planes and fracture zones
in the rocks overlaying the mine roof. If tests

13-00000

show the area around a roof is weakening, it can be
supported by beams or roof bolts.”

In seismic exploration, a high energy explosion
is set off, and sensitive instruments determine the
structure and makeup of surrounding land by record-
ing how fast the shock waves travel through the
ground. The waveforms can be interpreted to pin-
point probable deposits of oil, and to describe rock
formations. "Using a large energy souce like an ex-
plosion in a mine is out of the question,” Dr. Podio
said, “so a manually controlled impact device was
designed to generate the shock waves." The impact
device, which works like a BB gun, uses air pressure
to shoot a round projectile at a striker plate
mounted at the end of the barrel.

When the striker plate is pressed against the
wall or roof of the mine and the device is triggered.
shock waves are sent through the surrounding rock.
Th ock waves are picked up by wideband transduc-
erS,7digitized by a fast transient recorder, and
processed through the Nova 820 for waveform enhance-
ment. The waveform is then displayed on an oscil-
loscope, with the results of velocity and depth cal-
culations. Permanent records of the waveform can be
made on paper tape, or by transmitting the data to a
large scale remote computer. .

“A mine could make daily checks with the system
to detect changes in rock strata as the working face
of the mine advances," Dr. Podio said, "or the sys-
tem could be transported throughout the mine to make
gaily checks on the condition of roofs at predeter-
mined key locations.” Dr. Podio noted that similar
systems could be used to predict the quality of rock
in rapid excavation projects or could be used in
RNondestructive tests of large concrete structures.

PHONE BOOKS BY COMPUTER

Peter A. Cassels

Bel! Telephone Laboratories
Mountain Ave.

Murray Hill, NJ. 07974

The Bell System is using computer technology to
modernize production of the White Pages telephone
books. A system designed to improve customer serv-
ice, control costs and streamline massive record-
keeping operations is now being implemented. The
sygtem — called DIR/ECT (for DIRectory projECT) —
was developed by Bell Laboratories, the research
and development unit of the Bell System. Michigan
Bell Telephone Company recently issued its first
directory containing listings produced by the sys-
tem. Michigan Bell also is using the system to
Produce some of its directory assistance records.

DIR/ECT is a more sophisticated outgrowth of its
Prototype, PHOTAC, a similar process developed by
the New York Telephone Company under sponsorship of
the nationwide Bell System. The first directory
produced by the PHOTAC system was distributed in
1966. Since then, New York Telephone has converted
some 4.5 million listings to the process. Currently
the 12 major downstate White Pages directories are
Produced by PHOTAC.

The DIR/ECT system stores in a computer memory
directory information such as the customer's name,
address, telephone number — even telephone book
delivery instructions. The information in the com-
puter memory then is fed into a device called a
Photocomposer, which Provides ready-to-print list-
ings for White Pages. Besides the annual White
Pages directories, DIR/ECT produces daily updates of

new listings and monthly reprints for the telephone
companies' directory assistance operators.

Although customers may see no obvious differences
in the computer-produced directory, listings are
easier to read and pages cleaner looking. The di-
rectories also have uniform abbreviations, The sys-
tem has built-in cross-checks for consistent spell-
ing of street names and for obvious errors in street
and telephone numbers. There also is provision for
massive directory listing changes, caused by renam~
ing of streets and buildings.

Today, listings for phone directories are gener~
ally set line-by-line in metal type, Changes in
listings must be reset and inserted by hand. With
the new system, changes can be made quickly (because
information is stored on magnetic computer tape and
not metal type), the need to store tons of lead type
will end, and the growing cost of publishing direc-
tories will be lessened.

EDUCATION NEWS

M.LT, MUSIC PROJECT USES DEC COMPUTER

News Office :
Massachusetts Institute of Technology .
Cambridge, Mass. 02139

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology has be-
gun work on a project aimed at making the Institute
a major center for the study and composition of
electronic music. Barry Vercoe, assistant professor
of music, working with a computer given to the De-
partment of Humanities’ music section by Digital
Equipment Corp. of Maynard, is in the early stages
of developing a major electronic music production
facility at the Institute.

Professor Vercoe said the computer facility "will
be a tool both in the hands of the teacher and the
composer that will greatly aid the development of
creativity. The facility also will provide an ex-
cellent tool in the teaching of musical composition
for conventional instruments.

“This is definitely not a scientific project. I'm
not interested in merely getting a computer to sound
exactly like a trumpet. The technological applica-
tion, however, will interest some students who might
Not approach music otherwise and some of these will
be drawn into its aesthetic considerations, through
the back door as it were," Professor Vercoe said.

Why compose music for a machine at all?

"I suppose someone asked that very question when
man first composed music for what are now traditional
instruments, instead of for the human voice alone,”
Professor Vercoe said. “Electronic music merely ex-
pands the forces available to the practicing com-
poser.”

A

The PDP-11/45 computer — coupled with music in-
put — also will lend itself to other forms of music
research, such as syntactic analysis of music struc-
tures.

Professor Vercoe is the author of the widely used
Music 360 language for digital sound synthesis. He
has taught at M.I.T. for two years and is director
of the Experimental Music Studio. His work, “Meta-
morphoses for Orchestra," was given its Boston pre-
mier early this year by the M.I.T. Symphony and was
performed by the orchestra on its subsequent nation-

13-00000

wide’tour. Working with Professor Vercoe on the
project are Richard J. Steiger, a graduate student,
and Stephen Haflich, a recent M.I.T. graduate.

COMPOSING BY COMPUTER AT ISU

infarmation Service
lowa State University of Science and Technology
Ames, lowa 50010

Music composers at Iowa State University may turn
from their piano keyboards and hand-written scores
to a more efficient instrument for composing music
— accomputer. ISU faculty members are building 2
computerized electronic music studio — a system
that will technologically simplify composing elec-
tronic music. The studio is being designed and
built by an interdisciplinary group from lowa
State's music, computer science, and electrical en-

@gfneering departments, under the direction of Stefan
Stlverston, assistant professor of computer science,
Terry Smay, professor of electrical engineering, and
Gary White, associate professor of music.

Electronic music is produced by purely electronic
means and the Iowa State,Computerized Music System
CISMUS) will be doing just that — generating music
with computer equipment. A composer will sit at the
computer and write a musical composition using an
electronic keyboard.

The new system, which was expected to be operable
this fall, should be an easier method of modifying
and editing a musical piece. The normal hand opera-
tions of changing notations on a printed score or
splicing tapes of recorded music are "more time-
consuming and inaccurate" processes for correcting
@ composition, according to Gary White.

The computer composing process begins when the
composer inserts introductory instructions into a
teletype machine. On an electronic keyboard he then
begins to compose his piece. The computer records
all musical instructions which are transformed
through a digital-to-analog sound converter and
loudspeaker into sound. This immediate feedback
system enables the composer to hear what he is com-
posing simultaneously. The computer also allows. the
composer to automatically play back and edit what he
has written simply by striking another key.

The musician has now completed one “layer” of
music. If he wants to add further musical instruc-
tions to the composition, he repeats the entire pro-
cess again. All layers merge together to obtain the
product — a completed electronic composition.

The music instructions which the composer inserts
into the system are a special electronic music nota-
tion — a “computer language." The English words it
uses can be compared to musical notation found on a
conventional score — treble and bass clefs, notes,
rests, and the like.

Electronic music has been used in commercial re-
cordings, and as background music for television,
radio and film. The Towa State system will be so-
Phisticated enough for use in serious compositional
Study, the production of background music for vari-
ous media, and for the demonstration of sound prop-
erties.

The ISMUS presently being built is a protytype of
a full-scale model. If the "test-system" proves
satisfactory, "we will look for funding to build a
full-scale model," says White. The project is pres-
ently supported by a $1,170 grant from Western Elec-

_ren in this southeastern Idaho community.

tric and a National Science Foundation institutional
grant of $8,698. The prototype employs a mini-com-
puter that is owned by Iowa State.

The studio will be used as a teaching tool for
the ISU music program. Computer software, the pro-
grams (sequences of operations to be performed by
the computer) written for the system, will be devel-
oped so a composer can use the studio equipment
without having prior knowledge of computer program-
ming. Students will be able to learn basic acousti-
cal concepts and principles of electronic music syn-
thesis and to develop sensitivity to timbre with the
ISMUS. Also contributing to introductory computer
science courses, the system will be a novel example
of computer application in a non-scientific field.

STUDENT PROGRAMS COMPUTER
FOR REMEDIAL INSTRUCTION

Edward J. Canty
Digital Equipment Corp.
Maynard, Mass. 01754

Using programs developed by a local high school
student, School District 91 in Idaho Falls. has put
its newly-acquired. computer to work as a “super
tutor” in remedial studies for disadvantaged child-
Designed
to improve the arithmetic and language arts skills
of children in grades 2 through 6, the project was
introduced by director of curriculum Dr. Wallace
Manning with federal Title’ 1 aid during the dis-
trict's 1973 summer session for children largely
from rural farm families. According to John A.
Christensen, computer sciences coordinator, the
project proved so successful in its initial appli-
cation that it has been continued in the fall se-
mester,

The student programmer is Robert Huntsman, 18, a
June graduate of Idaho Falls* Skyline High School.
Using the district's PDP-11/20 timesharing computer
system installed last December by Digital Equipment
Corporation, Huntsman developed programs for arith-
metic and language drill to serve between 40 and 50
pupils on each of two teletypewriter terminals situ-

‘ated in local elementary schools.

In a typical arithmetic routine, the computer
types a problem and waits for the pupil's response
— ten seconds if the problem is a memory exercise.
longer if it involves several columns for addition
or several digits for multiplication. If the stu-
dent's answer is correct, Huntsman'’s program directs
the terminal to ring a bell in congratulation; if
incorrect, the computer supplies a hint on where the
mistake occurred and encourages him to try again.

Answers to English and social studies workbook
questions have been entered in the computer memory,
allowing students to do their homework at a terminal
and receive immediate response. The computer keeps
score of right and wrong answers to produce reports
for teacher guidance. Spelling-recognition exer-
cises are also in use and Huntsman has undertaken
development of an arithmetic program involving frac-
tions

"One of the computer's major advantages is its
ability to pay attention to individual children,”
Christensen said. “Every child enrolled in the
regular summer session was able to get experience
at a terminal and benefit from these interactive
programs." He said high school laboratory assist-
ants will continue to write instructional programs
for elementary and junior high levels, expanding the
library begun by Huntsman. For future summer ses-

ry

13-00000

‘sions, he added, the district hopes to make such
computer assistance available at a nearby rural ele-
mentary school attended by children of migrant farm
workers.

RESEARCH FRONTIER

“TALKING” BALLPOINT PEN UNDER DEVELOPMENT

Ronald |. Deutsch
Stanford Research Institute
Menlo Park, Calif. 94025

A prototype model of a simple, inexpensive "talk-
ing” ballpoint pen, under development at Stanford
Research Institute (SRI), could reduce massive pa-
perwork and delay in routine business transactions.
The pen is similar to an ordinary pen in size and
5. e except that it is wired to a computer system.

e@eomputer is programmed to receive signals gener-
ated instantaneously as a person hand-prints charac-
ters with the pen to record information.

“Such instantaneous and remote processing of data
might be invaluable to large businesses engaged in
daily consumer-oriented services, such as banks, in-
surance companies and utilities,” says staff scien-
tist Dr. Hewitt D. Crane, the inventor. For exam-
ple, the pen could be used by a bank teller credit-
ing a savings or checking account. In this case,
according to Dr. Crane, the data would not have to
be retranscribed from a piece of paper by another
employee, or the paper itself put through expensive
automatic reading equipment. Thus, costs and de-
lays could be reduced in crediting accounts or es-
tablishing cash requirements.

In another case, a meter reader making his rounds
for a utility could use the pen in combination with
a cassette recorder. When he returned to his of-~
fice, the cassette tape would be programmed into the
system, thus eliminating the need for manual re-
transcription of a day's worth of data.

In the present laboratory version, the pen is
hooked to an audio unit as well as a teleprinter,
so that as a person writes, the characters appear on
the teleprinter and are spoken by the audio unit.

SRI holds a patent on the pen and is currently
seeking financial support for further development,
Dr. Crane says. He estimates that the pen itself
might cost about $25 to $50. A central computer
unit would be extra but could serve many pens.

MISCELLANEOUS

ICCP NAMES DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

Paul M. Pair, Secretary & Chairman

Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals

P.O. Box 1442 .
Chicago, Ili. 60690

At a meeting in late September, the incorpora-
tors of the Institute for Certification of Computer
Professionals, Chicago, 111., adopted bylaws for
the newly-formed organization and named a board of
Girectors which, in turn, held its first meeting and
elected officers. The ICCP is the outgrowth of over
(wo years of intensive preparation and Study by rep-
Fesentatives of major computing societies. Its pri-
mary focus is the enhancement of certification ac-

tivities in the computing industry. It was incor-
porated August 13, 1973.

Elected as officers by the board of directors
were:

President — John Kk. Swearingen, Computer Sci-
ences Corp., Las Vegas, Nev., representing
Data Processing Management Association (DPMA).

Vice President — Fred H. Harris, University of
Chicago, Association for Computing Machinery.

Treasurer — William S. Eick, Alexander Grant
& Co., Chicago, Association of Computer Pro-
grammers and Analysts,

Secretary — Paul M. Pair, Control Data Institute,
Chicago, Association for Educational Data
Systems.

Ten professional societies participated in the
organization of ICCP and are eligible for charter
membership. Of these, seven have exercised their
Tight to such membership, and are entitled to two
members on the ICCP board. The seven charter mem-
bers are: Association of Computer Programmers and
Analysts; Society of Certified Data Processors: As-
sociation for Computing Machinery; Association for
Educational Data Systems; Society of Professional
Data Processors; Data Processing Management Associ-
ation; and Automation 1 Association.

*

The other three associations eligible for charter
membership are: Canadian Information Processing So-
ciety, the Computer Society of the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the Society
of Data Educators. They are expected to act before

the end of 1973. (please turn to page 47)

13-00000

.
.

NEW CONTRACTS

10 FROM

CAE Electronics,
Montreal, Canada

Sanders Associates, Inc.,
Nashua, N.H.

FOR

Display system segment of Canadian Joint En-

AMOUNT

18.6 million
route Terminal System (JETS) Program: first
phase consists of seven Enroute and two

Terminal Systems for sir traffic control

ITT Creed Limited,

British Post Office
Great Britain .

Univac Div., Sperry Rand
Corp.. Blue Bell, Pa.

Auto Tell Services, Inc.,
Villanova, Pa.

6000 machines — teleprinters and associ- $11 million
ated equipment — to beused mainly for

Telex customer-to-customer teleprinter

system

1100 Univac DCT-515 Data Communications Ter- $7 million
minals to be used by automobile dealers who .
subscribe to ATS services on-line computer-

ized services

Computer Sciences Corp., National Aeronautics and Space Computer services support toSimulator Com- $6.7 million

El Segundo, Calif. Administration (NASA)

puter System Branch at Ames Research Center,
Mountain View. Calif.

Ko! Il, Inc.. State of Arizona, A Honeywell Multics (Multiplexed Informa- $5+ million
Wellesley Hills, Mass. Phoenix, Ariz. tion and Computing Service) system, for

use by 13 state agencies
Computer Sciences Corp.. National Aeronautics and Space Engineering and related services to NASA's $5 million
El Segundo, Calif. Administration (NASA) Wallops Station, Wallops Island. Va. (approximate)

+ Philco-Ford Corp.
Willow Grove, Pa.

U.S. Army Electronics Command.
Fort Monmouth, N.J.

Raytheon Data Systems,
Norwood, Hass.

Eastern Air Lines, Miami.
Fla.

Improving computerized communications net- $4.6 million
work, identified as 'T3 AEP for AUTODIN En-
hancement Program, at 10 overseas AUTODIN
sites, Ft. Monmouth, N.J., and Fort Det-
rick, Md. _.
Data display terminals and associated equip-

$2+ million
ment as part of expansion of EAL's Automated :

: Passenger Processing and Reservation System

National Cash Register
Co., Dayton, Ohio

Publix Super Markets, Inc.,
Lakeland, Fla.

Computer Sciences Corp.,
El Segundo, Calif.
Interdata, Inc.,
Oceanport, N.J.

National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA)

DATRAN (Data Transmission Co.),
Vienna, Va.

McDonnell Douglas Automation
Co. (MCAUTO). St. Louis, Mo.

Buffums
Southern California

Informatics Inc., Western Div.,
Canoga Park, Calif.

Logicon, Inc., Torrance,
Calif.

Illinois Bell Telephone Co.,
Chicago, Ill.
U.S. Air Force

TRW Inc., Redondo Beach,

Los Angeles County Road
Calif.

Department (LACRD), Calif.

ventory information
Systems Engineering Labora- Singer Simulation Products, Central control and simulation element of $330.000

tories, Inc., Ft. Lauderdale, Div. of Singer Co.
. a
- Boeing Commercial Airplane

Manufacturing Technology Div.,
Co., Renton, Wash.

A.F. Materials Labs., Wright
Patterson AFB. Ohio
Arkansas State Educational
Television Commission

Atlantic Research Corp.,
Alexandria, Va.

Bunker Ramo Corp., Trumbull,

Reliance Federal Savings &
Conn.

Loan Asso. of New York,
Jamaica, N.Y.

Collins Radio Co., Dallas,

U.S. Air Force
Texas

Diablo Systems, Inc.,
Subsidiary of Xerox Corp.
Hayward, Calif.

MRI Systems Corp., Austin,
Texas

Wang Laboratories, Tewks-
bury, Mass.

U.S. Dept. of Agriculture,
Washington, D.C. and New

30 NCR 255 supermarket checkout systems in-
volving a total of 357 NCR 255 terminals
and 30 NCR 726 in-store minicomputers plus
120 NCR 250 free-standing electronic cash

registers

Analysis and programming services to Lang-
ley Research Center, Hampton, Va.

Dual processor Model 55 data communications $1+ million
concentrators, with software and technical

support, for an information network DATRAN

is designed and installing on a turnkey basis

for International Brotherhood of Teamsters

$2 million
(approximate)

$1.2 million.

Computer processing of all company data; $725,000 -
includes accounts payable, receivables, (approximate)
sales analyses, payroll, inventory con-

trol and statistics

Design and applications programming sup- $500, 000+
ort for a new pavroll/personnel system

Verifying and validating (VE6V) critical mis- $365,000
sile flight safety (MFS) software used on

western test range of Space and Missile Test

Center (SANTEC), Vandenberg AFB, Calif.

Designing Integrated Information Manage- $365,000 -

ment (IIMS); 10 subsystems cover account-
ing; billing; budgets; management of con- i
tracts, and projects, inventory control,
production and performance, and road in-

a Nuclear Plant Simulator for Carolina i
Power & Light Co., Raleigh, N.C. .
Developing Air Force Computer Aided Manu-
facturing (AFCAM) master plan

$251,000

Engineering studies and detailed plans for $37,000

four new ETC (Educational Television) sta- H
tions, and an interconnect ing microwave network
31 BR 200) Universal Teller Terminals for
equipping teller stations inall nine Reli-
ance offices; terminals will be tied by
highspeed communications circuits to a

Univac 9460 computer

Continuing development of systems andequip- s+
ment for the U.S. Air Force Satellite Com-
gunication System (AFSATCOM) ; eventual pro-
duction awards. depending uponAir Force re-
uirements, could total more than $125 million
Series 40 disk drives to be incorporated

into Wang's new line of mini computer systems

Lease of SYSTEM 2000 for Farmmanagement ap-
plications; at least nine SYSTEM 2000 data

13-00000

NEW INSTALLATIONS

AT

Burroughs B 4700 system

Walter E. Heller & Co., Chicago,

Ti.
(2 systems)

Control Data CYBER 70 Model 74

system (CRC). Tokyo, Japan

’ te

Computer Management Group (CMG)
Ltd., North-west London, England

Century Research Center Corp.

FOR

The first of two B4700 systems (which are included
in a five-system order) to be installed at CG's
North-west London, England center

(entire 5 computer system order valued at $4.3
million)

Providing internal processing speed to keep pace
with continued growth of data processing operations:
system will allow expansion without reprogramming or
recompiling: replaces two Burroughs B3500 svstems
Increasing CRC'’s processing capabilities to include
remote batch data processing services via high
speed communication line control devices, and offer
a wide range-of services to various types of users:
system will be connected to a previously installed
CDC 6600 computer ‘

: ane (system valued at $3 million)
Contfol Data CYBER (0 Model 76 Atmospheric Environment Service Upgrading weather forecasting facilities throughout

system of Canada, Montreal, Canada

Control Data 3150 system
ham, Ala,

Ingalls Iron Works Co., Birming-

the country; system installed at Canadian Meteoro-
logical Center in Montreal, Canada

(system valued at $6.3 million)

Expanding automated design activities: system will
operate in conjunction with a previously installed
COC 3150 to support CONSTRUCTS, an automated en-

gineering design software ‘package
IBM System/370 Model 155 system Educational Information Services Linking with university's IBM System/360 “Model 92

(EIS), Princeton University,

to significantly expand a variety of data proces-

Princeton. N.J. sing services
IBM System/370 Model 168 system Datacrown Limited, Willowdale, The first of two systems that will more than double

Ontario, Canada

Interdata Model 70 systems
Fort Monmouth, N.J.
(2_ systems)

Radyne Limited,
Great Britain

NCR Century 101 system

NCR Century 200 system

U.S. Army Electronics Command,

Green Shield Trading Stamp Com-

current batch processing capacity and increase its
capability to provide for transaction-oriented ter-
minals; replaces Model 165 currently in use
(systems valued at $12 million)

Use in experiments involving automated tactical
surveillance and target acquisition

An advanced inventory management and control system
(system valued at $6.3 million)
Expansion of automated stock control system for its

pany of Edgware. Colindale, England gift houses and new Argos chain of catalog showrooms

NCR Century 251 system Columbia EDP Centers. Inc..

Columbia, Mo.
British Gas Corp., Hinckley,
England

OUnivac 1106 system

University of Connecticut Medical

Center. Farmington, Conn.

Univac 1110 system Pacific International Comput

Corp.. Gaithersburg, Md.

Dnivac 9480 system
: Asso. of New York, Jamaica,

Reliance Federal Savings & Loan

General data processing services to a variety of
customers including several banks

Assistance in controlling National Grid pipeline by
performing forward simulations on a real-time.
round-the-clock-basis; in addition, system will act
as a service bureau to scientific and engineering
departments within the Corporation

All aspects of Medical Center's work including pa-
tient admissions, monitoring patient care, schedul-
ing outpatient appointments, support of library in-
formation and research statistical programs, and
general accounting and payroll processing chores
(system valued at $1.3 million)

The first of two systems whose primary applications
include project management, engineering and busi-
ness data processing: the system will also include
time-sharing capability.as well as remote job entry
from terminals in the field

Faster customer service at any bank branch

ing

N.Y.

Across the Editor's Desk — Continued from page 45

IFIP CONGRESS '74 TRAVEL GRANTS

P. E. Welch

U.S. Committee for IFIP Congress 74
Box 426

New Canaan, Conn. 06840

The National Science Foundation.will support a
travel grant program for attendance at IFIP Congress
74 to be held August 5-10, 1974, in Stockholm. The
triennial IFIP (International Federation for Infor-
®ation Processing) Congresses have become the major
international media for exchange of information
among developers and users of information processing
techniques and technology.

The Division of Mathematical Sciences of the Na-
tional Research Council will administer the program
and award grants to qualified people from the United
States whose accomplishments in and potential con-
tributions to the field of information processing
are most noteworthy, regardless of the formal labels
for their specialties.

Younger members of the information science com-
munity are urged to apply. William F. Atchison of
the University of Maryland, Financial Support Chair-
man of the U.S. Committee for IFIP, said that spe-
cial efforts willbe made to support theirattendance.

Applications may be obtained through the Math Di-
vision, National Research Council. Washington, D.C.
20416. Applications must be received on or before
December 31, 1973.

13-00000

/ . * MONTHLY COMPUTER CENSUS

Neil Macdonald
Survey Editor
COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION

The following is a summary made by COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION of re- The following abbreviations apply:
porte and estimates of the number of general purpose digital computers
ganufactured and installed, or to be manufactured and on order. These
figures are mailed to individual computer manufacturers quarterly for
their information and review, and for any updating or comments they
@ay care to provide. Please note the variation in dates and relia-
bility of the information. A few manufacturers refuse to give out,
confirm, or comment on any figures.

(A} — authoritative figures, derived essentially from information
sent by che manufacturer directly to COMPUTERS AND
AUTOMATION

C == figure is combined in a total

(D) == acknowledgment is given to DP Focus, Marlboro, Mass., for
their help in estimating many of these figures

E — figure estimated by COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION

Part 1 of the Monthly Computer Census contains reports for United (N) == manufacturer refuses to give any figures on number of in-
States manufacturers, A to H, and is published in January, April, July, stallations or of orders, and refuses to comment in any
and October, Part 2 contains reports for United States manufacturers, wey on those numbers stated here
I to Z, and is published in February, May, August, and November, (R) -- figures derived all or in part from information released _
Pare 3 contains reports for manufacturers outside of the United States indirectly by the manufacturer, or from reports by other
and is published in March, June, September, and December, sources likely to be informed

fe (8) sale only, and sale (not rental) price is stated

scensus seeks to include all digital computers manufactured any- X <= no longer in production
where? We invite all manufacturers located anywhere to submit infor- - e« information not obtained at press time and/or not released
that would help make these figures as accurate and complete ss possible. by manufacturer

SUMMARY AS OF OCTOBER 15, 1973

. DATE OF AVERAGE OR RANGE NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS NUMBER OF
NAME OF NAME OF FIRST OF MONTHLY RENTAL In Ouraide In UNFILLED
MANUFACTURER COMPUTER INSTALLATION 000. U.S.A, U.S.A. World ORDERS

Part 2. United States Manufacturers I-Z .

IBM 305 12/57 3.6 40 15 55 -
White Plains, N.Y. 650 10/67 _ 48 50 18 68 -
qN) (D) (Oct. 1973) 1130 2/66 1.5 2580 1227 3807 -

1401 9/60 5.4 2210 1836 4046 -
1401-6 5/64 2.3 420 450 870 -
1401-48 6/67 1.3 180 140 320 -
1410 11/61 17.0 156 116 272 -
1440 4/63 4.2 1690 1174 2864 -
1460 10/63 10.0 194 63 257 -
1620 I, IT 9/60 4.1 285 186 471 -
1800 1/66 5.2 416 148 564 -
7010 10/63 26.0 67 Vv 84 -
7030 5/61 160.0 4 1 5 -
704 12/55 32.0 12 1 13 -
7040 6/63 25.0 35 27 62 -
7044 6/63 36.5 28 13. 41 -
705 11/55 38.0 18 3 21 -
7020, 2 3/60 27.0 10 3 13 -
7076 3/60 35,0 4a 26 70 -
7080 8/61 60.0 13 2 15 -
7090 11/59 63.5 4 2 6 -
7094=1 9/62 75.0 10 4 14 -
7094-11 6/64 83.0 6 4 i0 -
System/3 Model 6 3/71 1.0 8 - - -
System/3 Model 10 1/70 Ja 5 - - -
Systen/3 Model 15 - - - - - -
System/7 1/71 0.35 and up 15 be - -
360/20 12/65 2.70 7161 6075 13236 2780
360/25 1/68 | 5.1 1112 759 1871 1287
360/30 5/65 10.3 5487 2535 8022 -
360/40 4/65 19.3 2454 1524 3976 1363
360/44 7/66 11.8 109 37 166 39
360/50 8/65 29.1 1235 445 1580 662
360/65 11/65 57.2 604 144 748 562
360/67 10/65 133.8 65 6 71 99
360/75 2/66 66.9 50 17 67 12
360/85 12/69 150.3 i 1 12 55
360/90 11/671 - 5 - - -
360/91 - - 1 - - -
360/190 - - 13 2 15 -
360/195 4/71 232.0 - - 9 48
370/215 - ~ - - - -
370/125 6/73 6.2-13.8 1 - - -
370/135 5/72 14.4 3 - - “ e
370/145 9/71 23.3 2 - - -
370/155 2/71 48.0 2 - - -
370/158 -/73 49,5-85.0 1 -” - -
370/165 * 5/71 98.7 3 - - -
370/168 ~/73 93,0-170.0 1 3 - -
370/195 - - - -

Taterdata ‘Model 1 244 75 19 =
Oceanport, N.J. Model 3 5/67 - - 200 x
(A) (Oct. 1973) Model 4 8/68 274 ls 389 32

Model S - 11/70 x 7” 2 #90 x
Model 7/1 /% - - - - -
Model 7/32 -/% - - - - -
Model 15 1/69 20.0 40 zz 64 x
Model 16 $/71 x 1 6 7 x
Model 16 6/72 x 2 7 9 x
Model 50/55 5/72 ~ 75 20 85 115
Model 70 10/71 - 466 116 582 107
Model 74 2/73 - 41 8 49 126
Nodel 80 10/72 - 4s 3 18 20
Model 85 6/73 - 1. - - -

13-00000

\ »

. .

DATE OF AVERAGE OR RANGE NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS NUMBER OF
. NAME OF NAME OF FIRST OF MONTHLY RENTAL In Outside Te UNFILLED
. MASUFACTURER COMPUTER INSTALLATION $(000) U.S.A. U.S.A. World ORDERS
Microdata Corp. Micro 400/10 12/70 0.1-0.5 139 9 139 -
Irvine, calif. Micro 800 12/68 0.2-3.0 : 2927 810 3737 -
WCR 304 1/60 x 5 2 7 x
Dayton, Ohio 310 5/61 x 8 0 8 x
(8) CR) (ce. 1973) 315 5/62 7.0 285 200 455 -
315 RMC 9/65 9.0 55 35 90 -
- #0 5/61 9.7 160 325 485 -
500 20/65 1.0 1100 1750 2850 -
251 - - i: - . - -
Century 50 2/71 1.6 580 0 580 -
Century 100 9/68 2.6 1175 783 1958 -
Century 101 12/72 3.7 50 2 51 -
Century 200 6/69 7.0 575 335 920 -
Century 300 2/72 21.0 5 5 10 -
Philco 21000 6/63 x 16 - - x
Willow Grove, Pa. 200-210, 211 10/58 x 16 - - x
Jan. 1969 2000-212 1/63 x 12 = = zx
Raytheon Data Systems Co, 250 12/60 x 15 20 135 x
Norwood, Mass. 440 3/64 x 20 - - x
(A) (July 1973) 7320 10/65 x 26 1 27 x
103 10/67 12.5 (s) 179 33 212 Q
—_—: : 704 3/70 7.2 (S) 300 100 400 40
nae : 706 5/69 19.0 s) 75 17 92 i
Standard Computer Corp. I¢ 4000 12/68 9.0 9 0 9 2
Los Angeles, Calif. IC 6000-6000/E 5/67 16.0 3 0 3 -
(A) (June 1972) Ic 7000 8/70 17.0 4 0 4 2
I¢-9000 5/71 400.0 Ss 1 o 1 -
Systems Engineering Laboratories SYSTEMS 810A/8108 6-66 /9-68 1.8/2.6 382 30 412 -
Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. SYSTEMS 71/72 8-72/9-71 0.9/1.0 19 5 26 -
(A)_ (Sept. 1973) SYSTEMS 85/86 7-72/6-70 6.0/10.0 47 3 50 -
Texas Instruments Inc. 960 6/70 x - - - x
Bouston, Tex. 960A uj71 0.2-2,7 - - - . -
(A) (June 1973) 980 5/68 . - - - x
980A ee 0.32.7 - = = =
UNIVAC Div. of Sperry Rand 9200 6/67 1.5 1360 616 1976 -
Biue Bell, Pa. 9300/9380 . 9/67 3.4 795 675 1470 -
(A) (Aug. 1973) 9400/9480 5/69 7.0 212 228 440 -
9700 - - 3 u 14 -
418 TIt 6/63 11.0 4 77 117 -
494 - - 62 46 108 -
1106 - - 61 143 . 204 -
1108 9/65 68.0 163 92 255 -
1110 - - nu v7 28 -.
Tél 3/51 6 11/57 x 23 - - x
File Computers 8/56 x 13 - - Zz
LARC 5/60 135.0 2 : 0 2 -
1107, UIZI, 490/1/2,
- 41811, 1004/5,
1050, 8s80/90 - x 2063 1442 3505 z
UNIVAC ~ Series 70 301 2/61 7.0 143 - - -
Blue Bell, Pa. 501 6/59 14,0-18.0 v7 - - -
(A) (Feb. 1973) 601 11/62 14,0-35.0 ) - - -
3301 7164 17.0-35.0 ry - - -
Spectra 70/15, 25 9/65 4.3 18 ~ - -
Spectra 70/35 1/67 9.2 95 - - -
Spectra 70/45 11/65 . 22.5 265 - - -
Spectra 70/46 11/68 33.5 x - - -
Spectra 70/55 11/66 4.0 10 - - -
Spectra 70/60 11/70 32.0 18 - - -
Spectra 70/61 4/70 42.0 7 - - -
70/2- 3/71 16.0 63 - - -
70/3 9/71 25.0 7 - - -
70/6 9/71 25.0 24 - - -
70/7 12/71 35.0 7 - - -
EMR 6020 4/65 5.4 15 1 16 0
EMR 6040 7/65 6.6 6 0 6 0
EMR 6050 2/66 9.0 15 2 17 0
EMR 6070 10/66 15.0 7 8 15 o
EMR 6130 8/67 5.0 34 13 47 0
EMR 6135 - 2.6 % 5 al 4
. EMR 6145 - 7.2 - - - 8
EMR 6140 - - - - - 0
Vartan Data Wachines 20 Bee
Newport Beach, Calif. 6204 6/67 x - - 1300 x
(A) (Mar. 1973) R-6201 4/69 - - - 8 -
520/pc, 5204 12/69;10/68 - - - 500 150
620/f 11/70 x - ~ 207 z
620/L, 620/L-00c 4/7139/72 - - - 740 102
620/£-100 “6/72 - - - 100 43
620/L=+100 5/72 - - - 200 235
ae Varian 73 12 = - - 40 39
Xerox Data Syetens XDS-92 4/65 1.5 43 ry 47 =
Bl Segundo, Calif. xDS-910 8/62 2.0 170 10 180 -
(8) (RD (Oct. 1973) XDS=920 9/62 2.9 120 12 132 -
XDS-938 6/64 3.4 159 14 173 -
XDS+940 6/66 14.0 3. 3 x -
XDS-9 300 11/64 8.5 25-30° 4 29-34 -
XDS-530 e/73 7.6 ~- - - -
Sigma 2 12/66 1.8 163 36 199 -
Sigma 3 12/69 2.0 21 1 22 -
Sigma 5 8/67 6.0 32 4 4% -
Sigma 6 6/70 12.0 3 - - -
Sigma 7 : 12/66 12,0 xu 7 38 -
Sigma 8 2/72 - 3 - - -
Sigma 9 - 35.0 7 - - -

13-00000

- . - CALENDAR OF COMING EVENTS

Nov. 28-30, 1973: 1st Annual Systems Engineering Conference,
Statler-Hiltan Hotel, New York, N.Y. / contact: Technical Ser-
vices, AITE, 25 Technology Park/Atianta, Norcross, GA 30071

Dec. 4-5, 1973: 1973 Vehicular Technology Conference, Sheraton-
Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio / contact: Robert Wylie, Motorola
Communications, Inc., 12955 Snow Rd., Cleveland, OH 44130

Dec. 6-8, 1973: Nationat Symposium on Computer Applications in
the Juvenile Justice System, Marriott Motor Hotel, Atlanta, Ga. /
contact: Lawrence A. Boxerman, Project Dir., National Council
of Juvenile Court Judges, Univ. of Nevada, Box 8000, Reno, NV
89507

Dec. 9-11, 1973: Computer Architecture, Flagler inn & Reitz
Union, Gainesvilie, Fla. / contact: G. Jack Lipovski, 229 Larsen
weeFell, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601

dan. 16-18, 1974: 3rd Annual AIIE-MHI Seminar, Marriott Motor

Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa. / contact: Technical Services, AIJE, 25
Technology Park/Atlanta, Norcross, GA 30071

dan. 16-19, 1974: Internepcon/Japan '74, Harumi Convention
Center, Tokyo, Japan / contact: Industrial & Scientific Conf.
Mgmt., Inc., 222 W. Adams St., Chicago, IL 60606

Feb. 12-14, 1974: Computer Science Conference, Detroit Hilton,
Detroit, Mich. / contact: Seymour J. Wolfson, Computer
Science Section, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Mi 48202

Feb. 13-15, 1974: International Solid State Circuits Conference,
Univ, of Penna., Marriott Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa. / contact: Vir-
gil Johannes, Bell Labs., Room 3£331, Hotmdel, NJ 07733

Feb. 19-22, 1974: 3rd Annual National Communications Week
Convention, Chase-Park Plaza Hotel, St. Louis, Mo. / contact:
David C. Brotemarkle, Communications Systems Management
Assoc., 1102 West St., Suite 1003, Wilmington, DE 19801

Feb. 26-28, 1974: Computer Conference (COMPCON), Jack Tar
Hotel, San Francisco, Calif. / contact: Jack Kuehler, {BM Corp.,
P 35, Bidg. 025, Monterey & Cottle Rds., San Jose, CA 95114

Mar. 25-29, 1974: IEEE International Convention (INTERCON),
Coliseum & Statler Hilton Hotel, New York, N.Y. / contact:
J, H, Schumacher, IEEE, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017

April 3, 1974: Minicomputers — Trends and Applications, Nat'l
Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md. / contact: Harry Hey-
man, 738 Whitaker Ter., Silver Spring, MD 20901

April 8-11, 1974: Computer Aided Design, Int’! Conference & Ex-
hibition, Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, England / con-
tact: inst. of Civil Engrs., Great George St., Westminster, Lon-
don SW1, England

April 9-11, 1974: Optical Computing Symposium, Zurich, Switzer-
land / contact: Samuel Horvitz, 80x 274, Waterford, CT 06385

April 21-24, 1974: International Circuits & Systems Symposium,
Sir Francis Drake Hotel, San Francisco, Calif. / contact: L. O.
Chua, Dept. of EE, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, CA 94720

April 21-24, 1974: 1974 Annual Assoc. for Systems Management
Conf., Dallas Convention Center, Dallas, Tex. / contact: R. B.
McCatfrey, ASM, 24587 Bagley Rd., Cleveland, OH 44138

May 6-8, 1974: Offshore Technology Conference, Astrohall, Hous-
ton, Tex. / contact: Offshore Tech. Conf., 6200 N. Central Ex-
Pressway, Dallas, TX 75206

May 6-10, 1974: 1974 National Computer Conference & Exposi-
tion, McCormick Place, Chicago, tll. / contact: Dr, Stephen S.
Yau, Computer Sciences Dept., Northwestern University, Evans-
ton. IL 60201

May 13-17, 1974: European Computing Congress (EUROCOMP),
Brunel Univ., Uxbridge, Middiesex, England / contact: Online,
Brunel Univ., Uxbridge, Middlesex, England

May 13-17, 1974: tnternstional Instruments, Electronic and Auto-
mation Exhibition, Olympia, London, England / contact: tndus-
trial Exhibitions Ltd., Commonwealth House, New Oxford St.,
London, WC1A 1PB, England

June 24-26, 1974: Design Automation Workshop, Brown Palace
Hotel, Denver, Coto. / contact: ACM, 1133 Ave. of the Amer-
leas, New York, NY 10036

June 25-28, 1974: 1974 Annual International Conference & Busi-
ness Exposition, Minneapolis, Minn. / contact: Data Processing
Management Assoc., 505 Busse Highway, Park Ridge, IL 60068

duly 15-19, 1974: 1974 Conference on Frontiers in Education,
City University, London, England / contact: Conf. Dept., insti-
tution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Place, London, England
WC2R OBL , ‘

July 23-26, 1974: Circuit Theory & Design, IEE, London, Enaland
/ contact: IGE, Savoy Pi, London WC2R OBL, England

Aug. 5-10, 1974: IFIP Congress 74, St. Erik's Fairgrounds, Stock-
holm, Sweden / contact: U.S, Committee for IFIP Congress 74,
Box 426, New Canaan, CT 06840

Aug. 5-10, 1974: Medinfo 74, St. Erik's Fairgrounds, Stockholm,
Sweden / contact: Frank E. Heart, Bolt Beranek and Newman,
tnc., 50 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA 02138

Aug. 21-23, 1974: Engineering in the Ocean Environment Interna-
tional Conf., Nova Scotian Hotei, Halifax, Nova Scotia / contact:
O. K. Gashus, EE Dept., Nova Scotia Tech, Coil., POB 100, Hali-
fax, N.S., Canada

ea

ADVERTISING INDEX
Following is the index of advertisements. Each item
contains: product / name and address of the adver-
tiser / name of the agency, if any / page number
where the advertisement appears.

COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION / Computers and Auto-
mation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, MA 02160 /
page 52

ELECTRONIC RESEARCH CORP., 7618 Wedd, Overland
Park, KS 66204 / ERC Advertising / page 45

INSTRUCTIONAL FACULTY OPENINGS / College of
Petroleum & Minerals, c/o Saudi Arabian Educational
Mission, 880 Third Ave.—17th Floor, New York, NY
10022 / page 32 ;

THE NOTEBOOK ON COMMON SENSE, ELEMENTARY
AND ADVANCED / published by Computers and Auto-
mation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, MA 02160 /
page 7

RIDE THE EAST WIND: Parables of Yesterday and Today,
published by Quadrangle/New York Times Book Co. /
Coinputers and Automation, 815 Washington St., New-
tonville, MA 02160 / pages 24, 25

WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING
/ jointly published by Quadrangle/New York Times
Book Co., and Berkeley Enterprises, {nc., 815 Washing-
ton St., Newtonville, MA 02160 / page 51

13-00000

‘WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS
_ AND DATA PROCESSING”

EDITION 5.2 = 5th EDITION + 2 SUPPLEMENTS ALREADY ISSUED

THE MOST. ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS IN COMPUTERS
AND DATA PROCESSING ARE

PEOPLE

Consult

“WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING”
jointly published by Computers and Automation (Berkeley
Enterprises, Inc.) and Quadrangle / New York Times Book Co.

Who are they?
What do they do?

‘Where do they do it?

“Who's Who in Computers and Data Processing” has
been changed to a periodic subscription basis as follows:

1. The latest Cumulative Edition (the Sth edition
published 1971, containing over 15,000 cap-
sule biographies, over 1,000 pages long, 3
volumes, hardbound) PLUS

2. Three Updating Supplements per period totaling
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Both for $34.50 in any period when a cumulative
edition is supplied . . . and $15.00 per period when a
cumulative edition is not supplied.

BASED ON continual data gathering from computer pro-
fessionals carried out by Computers and Automation

This reference is particularly useful for:

Personnel managers

Libraries

Conference planners

Directors of computer installations
Suppliers to the computer industry
Executive search organizations
Prospective authors

Prospective speakers . . .

anyone who needs to keep up with the important people
in the field.

Each computer professional has a capsule biography
detailing: last name: first name and middle initial (if
any); occupation: year of birth, university education
and degrees; year entered the computer field: main
interests; job title; organization and its address; pub-
lications, honors and memberships: home address.

We are confident that you will find the subscription
will repay you many times over. In fact, one day when
this wealth of material gives you the inside track with
someone important to you, you'll find the information
PRICELESS: the most essential component in EDP is
CAPABLE PEOPLE.

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13-00000

(27 pp Or. 33

WILL YOU HELP?

cut nere

Yes, you. It may come as a surprise that you'd be asked
. but as a reader of Computers & Automation you are
in a unique position to help us.

NAMES . . . people, institutions, companies who

should be interested in 1) the computer industry and/or
2) seeking truth in information are very much needed to
join you as readers of C&A.

Will you tell us who they are? And perhaps even more, will
you let us use your name in writing to them? But with or
without your name (we'll only use it if you grant permission)
we need to know those you think might be interested in also
reading C&A.

kK *KX reprint from
‘and automation

Science and the Advanced Society, by C. P. Snow, Ministry
of Technology, London, England (April 1966)
The Information Revolution and the Bill of Rights, by
Dr. Jerome B. Wiesner, M.I.T. (May 1971)
Employment, Education, and the Industrial System, by
Prof. John Kenneth Galbraith, Harvard Univ. (Aug. 1965)
Computers and the Consumer, by Ralph Nader,
Washington, D.C. (Oct. 1970)

cut here

ey

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AND PEOPLE

COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION

Newtonville, MA 02160

POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY BERKELEY ENTEAPRISES, INC.
815 Washington Street

BUSINESS REPLY MAIL
No postage stamp necessary If mailed in the United States

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P.S. If you Jike you may mail your list separately to:
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One Year (including the Computer Directory and Buyers’
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BUSINESS TYPE
O1—Computer Manufacturer
02—Aerospace © Aircraft |

jacturer
O3—Other Manufacturing
O4—Raw Materials Processing:
(chemical, primary metal.
petreleum, food, etc.)
05—Mining and Construction
26-—Computing & Consutting
O7—Finance. insurance. Publ.,
and Service Organizations
G8—Transportation Companies
03—Public Utilities
10—Research
W—Whelesale, Retail, Sales,
and Marketing Firms
VWI—Edveational; (College,
University, or School!

TA Ravecemens wad Militece

. 405 FUNCTION

1—Techaical Management; (computer
installation management, program
Management, or engineering mgmt.)

2—Computer Center Personnel:
(methods & procedure analysts,
and operators)

32—Programming Personnel; tsystems,
application & research programmers)

4—Protessional: systems analysts,
Mathematicians, operations
researchers, and professors)

S—General Management Executives;
(corporate officers, ewners, and
partners)

_G—Eegineering Pergoanel; (systems

engineers, restarch & development engioeers)
I—Research Personne!
Students
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te eee: Mee

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er"

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‘
‘

ert here

13-00000

6

It's the first lie detector that
can be used on a dead
man. It works on tapes and
other voice recordings

2

by George O'Toole

; oO. Oo
ba] °
RAO ANA AINE
DODD HH LG
The rulers of the state are the only ones who should have the privilege of lying, either

at home or abroad, they may be allowed to lie for the good of the state.
—Plato: The Repubiic, Book Three

I's a fittle frightening. The machine can listen to what you're saying and tell, with
a high degree of reliability, whether or not you are lying. It's called the Psychological
Stress Evaluator, and it is, in effect. a lie detector. Unlike the polygraph, it. needs
no physica! connection to the subject; therefore it can be used without his knowledge.
It works from recordings of his voice, so anything on tape, sound track or phonograph
record is fair game for the machine. it is the first lie detector that can be used on
a dead man.

Early this year, one of these instruments came into my hands. I resolved to use
it to probe one of the darkest mysteries of recent history, the assassination of President
John F. Kennedy. | set about collecting every recording | could lay my hands on
of anyone who had any direct knowledge of the affair. Soon | had compiled the tape-
recorded testimony of twenty-two persons—eyewitnesses, Dallas policemen, the
pathologist who conducted the autopsy, members and staff of the Warren Commission,
Jim Garrison, Clay Shaw, and even Eari Warren.

Il ran the tapes through the PSE systematically, taking each controversial point in
turn. Did the rifle which belonged to Lee Harvey Oswald kill President Kennedy?
Was Oswald the killer? Were others involved? What of those mysterious autopsy photo-
graphs which the Warren Commission never saw—do they support the Commission's
lone-gunman, single-bullet theory? And what about the Warren Commission itself?
Did its members conspire to cover up the truth?

Slowly a picture emerged. It is blurred, and it is not the picture | expected. Not
all the details are there, but ! guarantee this: you may believe the lone-gunman theory
of the Warren Report, or you may believe the government-conspiracy theory of Mark
Lane, Jim Garrison and others, but either way you are wrong.

The PSE is not a crystai ball. It was invented as an interrogation aid, a function
it performs well. To my knowledge, this was the first instance of its use as a tool
for historical research. To understand what | did with the PSE, one should know some-
thing about the device itself.

I tirst heard of the Psychological Stress Evatuator last year, when 1} met two of
its inventors, Alian D. Bell, Jr., and Charles R. McQuiston. Bell and McQuiston, beth
former lieutenant colonels, retired from Army Intelligence several years ago to form
a company called Dekto: Counterintelligence and Security, Inc. It was a logical second
career for the two men. Both are experts in the technology of espionage. Either one
could pick the lock on your front door in less time than it takes you to find your
key. Colonel Bell wears a Black Beit in karate, is an accomplished swordsman and
small-arms expert, and has a dozen inventions to his credit, from anti-bugging devices
to a miniaturized microdot camera. Colonel McQuistan is one of the foremost polygraph
experts inthe U.S., a specialist in radio and audio surveillance, and a Qualified locksmith.

13-00000

* . .

‘The PSE grew from an eflort to improve

>» polygraph. Standard puygranns
aSiins voraples. pulse blood pre
fe, raypu. abon and perspiration. Soins
10 ™M0eS.019 SadMtonal physioiegical yi
fe: The move variables measured. 06
21aiMe the polygraph.
Bull and Mo Guision discoveréd that ne
quencies camposing the human voice
2 not fixed: they shill very siightly from
wht to founeen times every second. But
ern tne speaker is under stress, this nor-
al frequency modulation disappears.
Jat rerains are the pure comporant fre-
enc igs or ne ic ce. And a sirong indica-
ris lying.
veloped 2 device to
on and planned to use
“sheanel" on ine pdly-

Paes

ach. Theepene. discovered trai the new
riabie w ZS sc rsdaole and accurate a
rasure Of Csychoiogical stress inera was
ally no més ts measure the other poly-
apn vanace

Freed from" sssity of siraccing the
biect inic @ etching a pneumo-
aphic tube #8 Cnest, gluing eisc-
des to his ns camping his arm
ha bieod-; we cuit. the PSE oroved

be much wi-s versatile than the poly-
aph. Because it can work from a tele-
one or tape recorder. the PSE can be
ed withou! :ne knowiedgs or even the
ysicai presence of the subject.

iasked Co!ons: Seiite tell me about some
the things ‘ns PSE was being used for.
pecially cases in which a conventional
lygraph cauidn't be used. He mentioned
tthe police in Howard County, Maryland,
ve been using the PSE fortwo years; they
ve had great success in establishing the
locence of suspects who were afraid to
‘bmitto a polygraph examination because
that machine's forbidding aspect.

Bell went on to descrine some of his
‘ention's oirer uses, actual or potential.
‘ktor and the Federal government are ex-

mt) é

“ring its use as a defense against skyjack-

} and telephoned bomo threats, and as
neans of speeding up customs inspec-
ns. Some dectors and psychiatrists are
ing PSEs to study patients’ physica! and
intal stress. The National Committee to
testigate Aerial Phenomena, a private
wp tiat investigates UFO reports, is
w using the PSE to interview witnesses
UFO sightings.

asked Bell if he would lend me a PSE
experiment with, in order to write a piece
out the device. He agreed, with two con-
ions. First, | must take Dektor's three-day
arse in cperating the instrument: second,
er using the PSE, | must review my
2rpretation of its output with his staff, in
interest of accuracy. This seemed rea-
able, so | agreed.

“he course was held in the meeting room
@ Holiday Inn in Falls Church, Virginia.
2 eight other students were employees
customers who had purchased the
vice. These included a privat2 detective
ancy in Pennsvivania. a New York chain

of an East
ar owas Miko
3 crimirougist anc retirad police

store, and the securily service
African country. The ins!
Krad2

Officer. “radz projects tce tough-cop
imaqe, fy S asiving + ihe Po-
Loa joke. Tere is notn:r Forensic

science. fram
wince the mar iso “ot Bn Salar.

Tha first morning of the course was
devoted to tne physica! oce-aton of the
PSE. The device is used in csniunciion win
a Uher tane recorder. whicn hus! curspeads
and can ce manually. wound dack to locate
2 particuiar point on the tape. Tne testimany
to be evaluated is recorded a! 2 taps spesd
of 72 inches per second, ther niayed bac
and stopped at the beginning of tne uner-
ance in quastion. The recordar is siowed
to 15 16 inches per secend and piayed. The
sound, no fonger recognizab:e as a human
voice. is a long. low rumble.

The PSE itselfis duiltints an attaché case.
The case opens to reveal 2 chart crive. sim-
ilar to an electrocardiograon. and anumoder
of buttons and knobs. A singie cable con-
nects the PSE to the tape recordar.

As the tape recorder reels siowly turn,
and a rumble issues from its speaker. the
PSE stylus dances back and forth across
the moving chart paper, !eaving behind a
ragged trail. Then the reccrcer is stopped,
the chart paper is stopped, and that's all
there is to it. The result is a strip of paper
with a squiggly line. The rest is up to the
human eye and brain.

On the afternoon of the first day, Kradz
showed us what to look for. The unstressed
voice looks like an untrimmed hedge, with
stalks of different heights sticking up (and
down) at irregular intervals. But add some
stress, and that hedge begins to look
trimmed. The greater the stress, the

6

The more | read,
the more ! doubted
the official account of
what happened
that day in Dallas

9

smoother the shape. If the subject was
e,osriencing the hard stress which accom-
panies deception, the over-all outline of the
figure tends to take on a rectangular shape,
a concertina as seen by the piayer. Kradz
showed slide after slide of chans made dur-
ing actual! police interrogations. He told us
the background of each case and pointed
Out the tell-tale signs of deception, when-
ever they were present.

‘That night each student took a PSE back
to his room to practice operating it. Same
coordination must be learned to become
facile in handling the recorder and the PSE,
but clearly the difficult part of the course
would be learning how to read and interpret
the charts.

The next dav we learnad tne theory of

oAy.on

pciygraph interrogation, which appii
the PSE Thare ic, first of ail, the
the “oulsice issue.”

Most peapie. Xrudz pointed out, have
some sort of ween secret they doen't wart
known. Wher ra ceu wits 2 solvgraph axaini-
nauon. a person May Of More concemei
that this outsice issue May come bgnt
man he is about the actual substance of
ing interrogation, This can produce irreie-
vant stress in some of nis answers, and mis-
'eag the examiner. Therefore it is is neces-
sary for the examiner to interview the sub-
ject cefore the examination, go over aii ot
the QLestions na intends to ask. and assure
the subject he wili ask only thes? questions

thad reason to remember this fater, .
Il ran my first real interrogation taps.

The interregatior always includes the
Question. “Are you afraid that | will ask you
about something we have not discusseo?”
A negative answer with no sign of stress
eliminates the outside-issue prodiem. Also,
the examiner always asks some innocuous
questions, such as, “Do you tike the color
blue?" in order to observe the subject's
general state of tension. And there is always
one “red-herring”™ question.

The red herring is used to identiiy the
“guilt complex responder.” Such 2 person
shows stress when he responds to any
accusatory question. The examiner may
ask, “Did you steal the watch?" when it is
money, not a waich, that is missing. A
stressed denial will alert the examiner, who
carefully compares this response to the
stress produced by questions about the
missing money.

That night the class was given tapes of
real police interrogations. In most cases,
Kradz was the examiner: and in every case,
he knew the background and resolution of
the matter. One case | was assigned con-
cerned a young man accused of stealing
money from his father's store. Kradz started
by asking the “outside-issue” question. No,
the young man replied, he was not afraid
Kradz would asx him a question they hadn't
discussed. Then the following exchange
took place:

“Do you live in Howard County?"

“Yes.”

“Do you suspect someone of having taken
the money?”

“No.”

“Are you wearing a white shirt?"

“Yes.”

“Do you know who took the money?”

“No.”

“Are you wearing a ring?"

"Yes."

“Did you take the money?"
“No.”

vs tu
matter of

-'

when

There were a few red-herring questions
to check for the guilt cdmplex response
The questions about wearing a white shirt
and aring and living in Howard County had
been included to measure the background
stress elicited by irrelevant issuas.

| ran the tape and charted it on the PSE.
All but two of his responses were un-
stressed The quactian ahaut cucnactian

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3.took the money produced enough
iss to indicate deception. The other
istion which produced stress was, “Are
Wearing a ring?” In fact. his yes to that
3 accqmpanted ay such stress as | had
monly once of twice in the class slides.
he next morning Kradz called on me.
'the suspect take the money, he asked.
tid | didn't think so. Kradz nodded. Did
suspect who took the money? Yes, |
ught he did. Vary good, said Kradz. Did
stice anythirg eise about the interroga-
1? Well, yas, there was this business
yut the ring. Perhaps the suspect had
ien it. Kradz smiled. No, the kid hadn't
en the ring, Dut he was gay. He had
changed rings with another guy. Nobody

thai the soeaker had told the truth. However,
sinc2 interrogation witn a PSE seemed to
require such an claborate and structured
situation. | wondered if it could be used
the way | had hoped, as a tool for historical!
research.

During the lunch break | took Kradz aside
and asked him. Could the PSE de used out-
side interrogations, where the speaker was
telling what may ar may not have hap-
pened? Yes, he said, the PSE could be used
for that. Where there was no siress, | could
be confident that the speaker was telling
the truth. However, when ! did find stress,
| had to be very careful about reaching con-
clusions aboutits cause; it could result from
something other than deception. But if!

| hoped tnat Jim Garrison would prove that
he had solved the mystery. He didn't. Time
Passed, public interest waned, and the
details of the controversy dimmed in my
mind, leaving only a dull residue of doubt.
| had despaired of ever learning tn truth.
Now | know what to do with the PSE.

it was all there: the statements made
before television cameras by eyewitnesses,
policeman. medical examiners, members
of the Warren Commission. Somewhere in
a network-television vault were the sound
tracks, with the tiny, inaudible variations in
voice frequency that could settle once and
for all the question, “Did Oswaid, acting
alone, shoot and kill John F. Kennedy?”

My immediate problem was getting

‘w about it. The kid didn't really expect
.e asked about it. because Kradz had
ve over all the questions with him. Still,
an the ring was mentioned, he panicked.
ty the third Cay of the course, |hac begun
jive some thought to what | might do
1 the PSE. | was particularly interested
1e fact that the device works from a tape
ording. Sound-recarding technology is
ost a Century old (Edison invented the
mMograph in 1877), and an enormous
dunt of history is stored on phonograph
ords. sound tracks, and tace and wire
ordings. | thought how many press con-
2nces, interviews and public pronounce-
‘ts are stored away in the film and tape
hives of the world, and how many ques-
1s could be settled if we knew for certain

found a stress pattem in the testirnony of
several witnesses to the same event, | would
very probably have uncovered deception.

Encouraged, | reviewed the list of recent
mysteries. Watergate was, of course. the
first to come to mind. The ITT ajfair was
also of recent interest. The Kent State inci-
dent had never been fully cleared up. But
one subject seemed to loom above all the
rest—the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

Like many others, | have found it difficult
to believe the Warren Report. When Mark
Lane's book came out, | read it carefully.
t read much of the other criticism of the
Warren Commission's findings. The more
! read, the more | doubted the officia! ac-
count of what happened that day in Dallas.
| waited for the real story to emerge. tt didn't.

Voice prints bythe .
Psychological Stress Evaluator
of former chief justice

Ear! Warren in May, 1972
indicating hard stress on

the words "no evidence.”

=
TELUGENCE ANO SECURITY INC,

access to the recordings. | was certain the
television networks would have them, but
| wasn’t sure exactly what to ask for. There
must be thousands of hours of sound
recordings relating to the assassination.
Where, among ail this talk, was the critical
testimony? .

| started digging and soon discovered
the existence of a group called the National
Committee to Investigate Assassinations.
located in Washington, D.C. ! called the
number listed in the telephone directory
and was soon speaking t6 Bob Smith, the
Committee's Research Director. t told Smith
that! was a writer and wanted to do a piece
on the John F. Kennedy assassination. |
asked him for an interview, and he agreed.

We mat in the offices of Bernard Fenster-

13-00000

ssl mala a nes

Id. a suc ces sful criminal lawyer and
‘ector of tha Committee, in a modern
2 building a few blocks from the White
use. Fensto>y ald is asmail. dapper man
ha thin Seard. Smith is a lean, intense
ain smother. Soin men appeared to be
their forties.

‘Before we “Ysaid. “I think | shouid
mtion th. = to work for tne CIA.”
have run across it often, the theory thai
CIA KE Kennedy. It seems BDSYTG
me. and | ‘ave it. Pwvorked tnere
tnree

1g sugge me Agency was involved
the assa on. | naver met anyone
re! hous ac'e af dosing it. Su.
ave learnes wrrough bitter exseriance of
: suspicion ns atacnes to former in-
ligence of* igemics of paranoia

‘dto accom:
better get +
Smith anc

us rough life. | thought
ssue out of the way.
sterwald exchanged
inces and sed. Fenstervaid told me.
itthey did not ~ecessarily believe the CIA
sassin thecry. an they certainly didn't
nd talking to 2 ‘ormer Agency employee.
Relieved. | coger te outline my project.
sked if they had heard of the PSE. Both
m were dimiy aware of it. | described
: device and started to cetail the way it
uld be used as a research too!. They im-
diately understood whaii was proposing
d were trernancously enthusiastic. Yes.
xy said, there were many key statements
tape somewhere. and they would be glad
compile specific references for me.
rthermore, they could. in some cases,
wide me with the tape. They said they
‘uld be in contact when they had some-
ng for me.
Nhile | was waiting, | experimented with
2 PSE. ! teiepicned a friend and toid him
out the device. | asked if he was willing
play a little game to test it out, and he
reed. He picked a number between one
dten. | asked him, “Is the number one?”
. the number two?” and so on. and he
swered no each time. | recorded his
sponses, ran them through the PSE and
lied him back. The number he picked,
old him, was five.

He was dumbfounded. He had not heard
the PSE and had thought | might be con-
cting some elaborate joke at his expense.
itwhen | catied back and correctly iden-
ed the number he had picked, he realized
fas serious. And he was shocked.

I played the same game several times
th others and did not always have similar
ccess. With Bernard Fenstenvald, ! was
ile only to narrow the answer down to two
mbers, on of which turned out to be cor-

Fan

PENTHOUSE

rect. With others | have heen compleiely
unable to identify the nght number The
problem with this game ‘s that the playar
BOOS ‘Rat is just that. He knows that !
né i ying, itisa socially acceptable
situation and inere is noihirg at slake. The
stress wnich accompanies real Geception
is nct alweys present.

! onptamnec a tace recording trom CBS
News of a portion of 2 Sixty Minutes program
in which Mike Wallace interviewed Clifford
irving. The interview took place during the
height of the controversy. whiie Irving was
still claiming to have gotten Howard
Hughes tife story through a series of inter-
views with the billionaire. lt was a consum-

mate job of lying. embeliished with such -

convincing details as Irving s cisagrsement
with his colleague Susskind about wheiher
Hughes kect his craanic prunes in a paper

@ piastic bag. Sixty Minutes re-ran the
segment after Irving's confession because
the man’s sheer virtuosity as a prevaricator
was amazing. | was interested in the inter-
view for a different reason: at the height
of the controversy. Irving had been given
a poiygraph examinaticn and had passed
it. }wanted to see if the man who had beaten
the conventional lie detector could also
beat the PSE.

| selected a point in the interview at which
Mike Wailace suggested that Irving had not
interviewed Howard Hughes, but had hap-
pened on some transcripts of Hughes state-
ments. Irving asked how he could have hap-
pened on them. Wallace rejoined. “Where
did you happen on those transcripts?” Irv-
ing replied, “! got the transcripts from
Howard Hughes.” | charied this statement
on the PSE.

It was a perfect example of total stress,
horizontally blocked, with the smooth,
“trimmed-hedge” wave form. Clifford Irving
was a master liar. and he had beaten the
polygraph, but he would have been caught
by the PSE.

A few days after our first meeting,
received a call from Bob Smith. He ae
turned up a few things for me. | visited him
at the Committee's office in downtown
Washington. He gave me a tape recording
and a typewritten transcript. The recorcing
was the Louis Lomax television program of
Sunday, October 16, 1966. Wesley Lieoler,
a member of the Warren Commission's staff,
was the guest. The transcript was of a CBS
News television program entitled The War-
ren Report, which had been broadcast in
four one-hour segments on June 25, 26, 27
and 28. 1967.

| examined the transcript. The pregrams
had been narrated by Walter Cronkite and
other CBS newsmen. They reviewed every
major point of controversy that had been
raised by the critics of the Warren Report,
inerviewing eyewitnesses. Dallas police-
Men, medical examiners, ballistic special-
ists and many others who had some inside
knewledge of the assassination of John F.
Kennedy. For what | had in mind, it was
a gold mine. | telephoned CBS and learned
that | could get a copy of the program's

sounctrack if tf would pay for the dubbirg
charges. | told them to go ahaad.

Next | played the Lomaa-Liabier
Apparant'y Mark Lane had ¢ :
earier Loma orogram, and:
was on to retct him. I didn't:
to anow thai Liebier was siressoo
seamed vary
audibly irdica:
about the things Lane hag said. the oues-
vons Lomax was asking him. a dt ine reac-
ticn of tne studio audience. Given! nony
emotiona! state. ne did not s2em 2 very
promising subject for the PSE. Nenetheiess.
! decided to give it a try.

Charting a tape with the PSE is a icng
and tedisus process. andit was impracticai
to chart the entire program. ! ran some of
Liebler's statements which were not in cis-
puie and discovered, as | had ex¢scisd.
a great deal of stress. He was oretty
charged up.

Most of the exchange between Liebler.
Lomax and the audience was argumenta-
tive and did not dea! with specific factual
points. | found two key statemsnts by Lied-
ler, though, and | charted them.

The first statement, in response to a aues-
tion by Lomax, was, “| have no doubt about
the conclusions of the [Warren] Resort.”
Plenty of stress was evident. but nor much
more than in other statements.

The second statement related to those
Warren Commission documents which were
not included in the Report—they were
locked up in the National Archives. Lomax
asked Liebler if there was anything in the
documents which would alter Liebler’s
opinion. Taken titerally, it was a strange
question, since Liebler had seen the docu-
ments and, if they would alter his opinion.
they would already have dene so. Lomax
probably meant to asx if the decuments
would conflict with the conclusions of the
Warren Report. Whatever Liebler thought
the question meant, he answered quickly.
“Oh, none, none at ail." The PSE showed
much more stress here than during any of
Liebler's other statements.

It was all pretty confused and fuzzy. and
it didn't tall me more than I'd already known:
Wesley Liebler was pretiy upset when he
appeared on the Louis Lomax pregram. !
hoped that the CBS tapes would yiela more
enlightening results.

| finally received a call from CBS's
Washington office saying the tapes had
arrived. | broke a few traitic laws getting
there to pick up the tapes and- “returning
to my apartment. | had already selecied the
points | wanted to check from the transcvipt
of the program. | mounted the first tape on
the recorder. ran it down to the first point
of interest. and turned on the PSE.

For the next three days and nights. | ran
charts. When | finished, i had a splitting
headache, my kitchen flodr was ankle deep
in chart paper, but | had a much clearer
idea of what did ard did not happen that
day in Datlas.

Before | describe my results. { feel that
! must offer the reader a few comments and

inh
SY

Pew mM


13-00000

machine penave
Lis way, My onosject
nmi to do $9.

nonstrate witn ha PSE
suing the traut than to
. Stress can 52 caused by
“an deception: but the

SS the ab-
oO an extremely reliable
cé ‘ulness. Of course, the
en 3 dees not prove that a
ar

ie)
_ only that the speaker
2.

1D 4

27g tne trun.
. Stes in tne testimeny
"t The same avent makes
prosaniiity ovenvnelming
zi tham were lying.
yese points iiuic met be beter illus-
2d than . oy tne Jim Gar-
n-Clay Sr2. +/ai:
iarrison, it: ce recalled. was the New
sans District Attorney who, in 1967,
med io have stived tne Kennedy assas-
ation. He o-esenied en elaborate case
inst afec= cusinessmaen. Clay Shaw.
others. as ~2~c2rs ofan assassination
Spiracy. In one of the hour-long pro-
ms, CBS interviewed Garrison, Shaw,
two other ceocie involved in Garrison's
Qaiicns.
this interviaw. Garrison was hostile and
not Make macy firm, faciual statements
uld test with the PSE. However, he did
, “There's no question about it [that he
w how the assassination had been car-
oul] .2. we know the key individuals
iived ... thera is no question about the
[the conspirators] were there [in Dealy
zaj." The PSE snowed good to hard
. $S on each oF these statements. | also
" @ noncociroversial statement of Gar-
nsasacecr “Oswaid was nct killed
@ [at the movie theater where he was
‘sted].” anc found no stress. Garrison's
ements acest nis case against Clay
wr strongly inc:cated deception
extlrans- statements by C:ay Snaw
ying his im.civement in such a conspir-
. and Gert, icy ever knowing or meating
Haney Oswatd. | also ran a contrel
erent Shaw turned out to be neaviiy
ssed thee ughout. ;
is was No! particularly surprising. The
y had been accused of conspiring to
‘der tne President of the United States
was being interviewed about it befcre
vision - ras. He would have to have
fh a pretty ceol customer not to show
+ of sttess. even if he were telling the
‘plete truth
inding that ooth Garrison and Shaw
wed siress was not an encouraging

lany witne
mainamati:

VBeEveliOpmeal Wt COUrse, ME) mren Courd
ce fying. Garrisan might have found come
! gvidence linking Snaw to the assazsi-
nation and then, in the tir:e-honored tradi-
tion of prosecutors. invenied the rest of his
case But Siiaw’s stress could easily be the
result of his predicament, and Garrison's
might also Se the result cf some outside
Issud. The situation was amciquous.

tne testimony of Lee Odom. Odom.
a = businessman, was attempting to
ne mysterious csincidsnce cf the

office box numbers it seems that the

appeared in tne notes.oks of both Clay
Shaw ara Lee Haney Oswald. In his tes-
timonv. Oacm stated ‘he could not
gcccutt for ine mumbs appearing in
Oswa!d's noiebook. he knew now it got into.
Shaw's. It was Odom’s 00x number. and
he hac given it to Snaw. whom he'd met
by chance on a business trip to New
Orleans. The PSE showed hard stress dur-
ing nis statement. No unreiated control
statement was availaple for me to run tor
comparison.

This didn't realiy clear things up. There
were several obvious alternative explana-
tions for Odom’s stress. For example, there

6

Deception is not proved
by ‘stress, but given
enough witnesses’ testimony,
the PSE is able
to arrive at the truth

2%

had been a number of rather unsavory
allegations in the press about Clay Shaw,
unrelated to the Garrison charges. Odom
may nave felt extremely uncomfortable
about linking himseifto this man in any way.
The coincidence of the box numbers
seemed very suspicious, but Bob Smith of
the Committee had pointed out to me that
both Shaw's and Oswald's notebooks were
filled with numbers. so the chance of such
a coincidence was act that remote.

At this point | began tc wonder if the tele-
vision camera was the “outside issue” in
every case. Perhaps just deing cn television
will so thoroughly rattle the average person
that. lying or not. he is going to show stress
on the PSE. | checked this out by recording
and charting a number of people on tele-
vision programs—public officials. men in
the street. even witnesses to a particulariy
gryesome accident. There was occasional
stress. but it never reached the high level
1 was finding in the assassination tapes.

| also recalled something else which put
my mind to rest on this point: the PSE had
been used to analyze the statements of con-

tesiaM{s On tng television program 1c re:
Tre Trata, and identified “the real Mr. So-
and-so" with ep accuracy of better tnan 94
percent. Tne problem obviously sas rst the
tglevisicn camera.

fran the testimony of Wiliam Gurvich on
the PSE Gurvich had oven Garrison's chief
aide in tre investigation of Ciay Snae unt!
ne resigned. cnarging Garrison wilh wrong-
doing. He said. “The truta as | see it is that
Mr. Snaw snou!d revernave been arrested.”
He was asned it Garrison had known cf cer-
tain illegal and unewsical methods Gurvicn
nad alleged were being used by Garrison's
staff He answered, Yean. of course he did.
He ordered it.” There was no stress in Mr.
Gurvith’s statements. The PSE shoved that
he p2:iaved wnat he was saying.

Obviously | did not have enough tes-
timony from a iaras Enough number ci wiit-
nesses to create a datailed picture of the
Garrison—Shaw affair. out it seems probabie
that, at the very least. Garrison cid nci have
much of a case against Snavw (a view later
held cy a New Orleans jury) and tixely that
Shaw was comoleteily innocent of complic-
itv in the assassinaticn. Tne lesson of this
episode is twofold. First. stress in anv one
person’s testimony does not prove cecep-
tion. Second. given enough testimony dy
different witnesses, the PSE can arrive at
the truth.

The first person | ran on. the PSE who had
any direct knowledge of the assassination
was Oswald's widow, Marina. Unfortu-
nately, only one of her statements was on
the CBS tapes—that Oswald had owned a
rifle. The PSE said she was telling the truth.

The rifle had been one of the major points
of controversy raised by critics of the War-
ren Report. The debate centered on two
points: whether the Manniicher-Carcano
alleged to have belonged to Oswald was
the rifle found by the Dallas police in the
Texas Schoo! Book Depository, and wnether
that particular gun could have been the mur-
der weapon. .

On the tapes, Darrell C. Tomlinson. an
employes of Parkiand Hospital, testified
thathe had found a rifle buliet ona strafcher
which he believed had carried Governor
Tonnally. Ther2 was no siress in his state-
ment. The PSE said he was telling the trutn.

Or. Joseph D. Nicol. Superintendent of
the Bureau of Criminal Investigation for the
State of lilinois. ran ballistic tests on Buliet
fragments found in the presidential timou-
sine. and on the intact bullet found by Tom-
linscn. Nicel testified that both the intact
bullet and the bullet fragments had been
tired by tne Mannlicher-Carcano. He. too.
was apparently felling the truth.

Depuly Constable Seymour Weitzman of
the Dallas police claimed that he found
Oswaid'’s Mannlicher-Carcano on the sixth
ficor of tne Texas School Book Depository.
However. on the day of the assassination.
he had.to:d the press that the rifie he'd isuna
was a German Mauser. The following day
he signed an affidavit to that effect. dut on
the CBS tapes he testified that he nad been
mistaken about that point, that it had really

13-00000

én Oswaid's rifle. The PSE showed con-
stress in his statomenis.

man Gerald L. Hill testified that he
und tivze spent oullot hulls on the floor
neat. lhe window from which the fatal
1ots allegedly were fired. The PSE showed
id stress in his statements.

The rifie was one of the principal points
sod by the Warren Commission to link
swald to the assassination. The PSE sub-
antiated the testimony that Oswaid owned
rifle and that the evidence supplied to
ballistics expert indicated this rifle was
e@ murder wearon. However, the PSE did
rt subs:antiate the controversial claims of
allas pstice ragarding the discovery of
_ is evidence.

The hospital emoloyee was apparently
Hing the truth when he recounted finding
@ bullet on a stretcher at Parkland Hospi-
1, but meee O° cs have charged that the
‘let had fisen de:iberately planted there.
iis is the famous “‘singie bullet” which the
arren Refer: says passed tnrough the
sdies of bath ira President and Governor
onnally, and tnen iodged in Connaily's

rist. Severai researchers have tried to
peat this, icing tne same type of bullet
tothe wrists adaver. Tne bullets never
mained peest'y iniact, as the one found
ithe streich “2y became twisted lumps

lead and cooper. .

The secons iink b2iween Oswald and the
aSassinaticn !s tne charge that he killed
Hicer Tippitt 2 Datlas policeman, while
2eing from ins scene of the first shooting.
number of eyewitnesses have testified
atthey saw Oswald shoot Tippitt, and one
them, Domingo Benavides. was inter-
awed on the CBS tapes. He was asked
there was any doubt! in his mind that
swald was the man he saw shoot Tippitt.
2 tepliec. “No. sir, there was no doubt
all." There was absolutely no stress in
s statement. He was telling the truth.
The killing of Officer Tippitt by Oswaid
48 fueled the fires of controversy over the
arren Repor. Tippitt was far from his usual
- 2at when he was shot. Some witnesses
ive alleged that Tiopitt and Oswald were
ren together in Jack Ruby's nightclub.
ley thacrize that the three men were part

an assassination conspiracy, and that
ppitt had been sent to silence Oswald,
it had been beaten to the draw.

The Dallas police radio dispatcher,
lficer Murray Jackson, was asked if he
ought Tippitt knew Oswald. “No,” he
plied. “t don't think he knew Oswald.” Did
ickscn know Oswald? “No,” answered
ickson, “I didn't either.” The PSE showed
tavy stress in both statements.

Perhaps the greatest! source of con-
wersy over the Warren Report is it's claim
at all the shots were fired by one gunman.
ome eyewitnesses claim to have heard
tots and seen gunsmoke in the area of
tow hillock ahead and to the right of the
‘esidential motorcade. This hillock has
sme to be known as “the grassy knoll.”
ne of these witnesses was a railroad
orker named S.M. Holland, who observed

the scene from an overpass near the knoll.
The PSE confirmed that he thought he had
seen a puit of smoke on the knoll, but it
cculd not support his claim that he had
heard a shot from that direction.

Another witness, Charles Brehm, was
quoted by Mark Lane as having said that
he had seen a portion of the President's
skill flying hack over the left rear end of
the limousine. Lane offered this as evidence
of a shot from the grassy knoll. On the CaS
tapes, Brehm stated heatedly that he had
been quoted out of context, and emphatic-
ally denied that any shots had come from
the knoll. Despite his emotional! state, there
was almost no stress in this statement.

Officer Jacks of the Dallas police, who
was riding in the limousine of Vice-
President Johnson. denied that any of the
shots had come from the direction of the
grassy knoll. The PSE turned up a fair de-
gree of stress.

Three witnesses, Mrs. Caroline Walther,
Arnold Rowland and Howard Brennan,
claimed to have seen gunmen in the win-
dows of the Texas Schoo! Book Depository
building. Mrs. Walther said she saw two
men, one armed with a rifle, the second

©

Chief Justice Warren:
“We expiored both these
theories and found
no evidence that
either group was involved”

9

with a shorter gun. Rowland told the Warren

Commission he had seen two men, one an
elderly Negro, in the window Oswaid is
alleged to have fired from, but on the CBS
tapes he claimed he had seen an armec
man ata different window. The Commission
relied heavily on the testimony of Brennan,
who claimed to have seen a gunman in the
“Cswaid window” actually firing the last of
the shots. The PSE showed hard stress in
the testimony of all three witnesses.

The PSE analysis of the eyewitnesses’

testimony regarding the source of the snots
is ambiguous. It supports Holland's claim
to have seen a puff of smoke on the knoll.
and Brehm’'s denial that any shots came
from that direction, and it raises serious
doubts about all other claims and counter-
claims. This contradiction seems to result
from the notorious unreliability of eyewit-
nesses, perhaps compounded by a fair
amount of fabrication. Deception, if it is
present here, may have been motivated
merely by a desire for attention. Or there
may have been darker reasons.
. There is, however, other evidence and
testimony that could shed some light on the
existence, number and location of assas-
sins other than Oswald. This brings us to
perhaps the most dubious and controversial!
element in the Warren Commission's ver-
sion of the event—the autopsy.

Within minutes after the shooting. Ken-
nedy hac been rushed to the emergancy
room at Parkland Hospital, where Dr. Mal-
calm Perry tried to save his life. The physi-
cian saw that the President had suffered
a massive head wound andasmallerwound
in the throat. Perry performed a tracheos-
tomy, cutting through the throat wound in
an attemnt ta open a breathing passage.
Afierward, when hope tor the Presidant had
been abandoned, Perry met with the press
and declared that the wound in tne front
of the neck had been an entry wound.

The President's body was flown to
Washington, D.C. There. approximately
eight hours after the shooting, an autopsy
was performed at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
Because of the tracheostomy, the nature of
the ‘neck wound could no longer be ob-
served and was, at first, overlooked. Later,
after consulting the Dallas doctors, the
Bethesda pathologists concluded that it
was an exit wound. The autopsy report
stated that there were two entry wounds,
one fow in the rear scalp and one at the
right base of the neck; and two exit wounds.
the throat wound and a large irregular
wound on tne right side of the head.

The confusion was compounded when
two FBI agents present at the autopsy
reported that a wound had been found in
the President's back, and that no corre-
sponding exit wound had been located.
Diagrams made during the autopsy seemed
to confirm this, showing the lower of the
two entry wounds to be below the shoulders,
not ai the base oi the neck. What became
of the bullet? The agents reported that
Bethesda doctors thought the bu!let had
dropped from the wound when the Dallas
doctors attempied external heart massage.
But this was the shot that the Commission
claimed had passed through Kennedy and
struck Governor Connally.

X-rays and color photographs of the au-
topsy were made. The brain was removed
from the body. Brain and skin tissue slides
were prepared for microscopic examina-
tion. Remarkably, the Warren Commission
never asked to see any of this evidence.
relying instead solely on the testimony of
Captain James J. Humes, one of the
pathologists who conducted the autopsy.
Even more incredible is the disappearance
of the brain, the slides. and some of the
photographs. which were alleged to have
been turned over to the National Archives
by the Bethesda Naval Hospital. -

Both Or. Perry and Captain Humes were
interviewed on the CBS tapes. Perry was
asked about the throat wound he'd seen
when the President was brought to Parkland
Hospital. His answer seemed evasive. He
neither confirmed nor denied that he had
thought it was an entry wound, talking in-
stead about the difficulty of making such
a determination and the fact that his atten-
tion had been devoted to saving the Presi-
dent's life. Then the interviewer asxed him
directly whether he had thought at the time
that it was an entry wound. “Actually, | didn't
really give it much thought,” he replied. He

13-00000

awed hard stress on the PSE. Unfortu-
teiy. be macs co other definite statement
out the mature of the wound.

The Ane “; with Capiain Humes was
. Just before the interview,
3 had re-examinad the autcn-
tograens acd X-rays, and he dis-
th on the 735 tines.
during ima aurcnsy,
n.intended te orecisaly
on of the sounds. Hdv-
ced a snetch which, he
these iccations accu-
wer asked. "Your re-
phoiograons verify that
3 shown nere?”

amination o
rwounds +

ow

‘Yes, sir," re lied. No stress.

Nere there wounds other than one
the base of -€ Meck and ons up in the
i? “No, sir wrers were not.” Moderate

ass, nat ercugh ic suggest Cecepiion.
Vas there an, doubt that the wound at
back of ths President's head was an

ry wound? * 18 absolutely no doubt.
" Again stress out again moderate.

“Altogether. sow many wounds were
te? “There «ere two wounds of entrance
Jtwo of exit. At this point tne stress be-
ne hard.

And where were the entry wounds Io-
ed? “Postarioriy. one iow in the right
sterior scalp. and one in the base of the
3k on the right.” Hard stress again.
2ould he be ansciutely certain that what
said was an entry wound was, in fact,
t. “Yes, indeas we can.” Hard siress.
‘he interview «ith Humes was one of the
gest and most detailed on the CBS
es, andi chansd most of it with the PSE.
*.- das clear to me that he believed much
shathe was saying, but the frequent flick-
igs of mocersate stress and the occasion-
lashes of hare stress suggested that he
sn't nearly as confident of his testimony
he claimed to be. As Dr. Perry had
nied out, sometimes it’s not easy to tell
sntry wound from an exit wound.

he interviewer asked him one gocd “bot-
fine” quasiucsa:

Do you have any different conclusion,
‘different ideas. any different thoughts
t, after seeing [the autopsy photographs)
in, than you had at that time?”

No." reptied Captain Humes. “we think
/ bear up very well, and very close!y.
testimony before the Warren Commis-
1.

he stress vas hard.

len Specter. one of the Warren Commis-

“Ss principal investigators. alsospckeon —

CBS tapes. He said that tne case agains!
da'd fitted together very well, and thal
torn could ove find among actual crim-

inal convictions a cise equally persuasive.
Ho aaded tha! there was no foundation for
the charge that the Commission had been
formed to whitewash the ticts.

The PSE said he was tei!ing the truth.

John MeTloy, a member of the Warren
Commission, said much the same thing.
and adued that he had ssen no credib!e
eVdeice to Coiradivltie findings of the
Commission. The PSE backed hirn up en
this. bit it falled to de so when, speaking
of tne Warren Report. he said, “There was
nothing frauduient about it.” Here the PSE
snowed hard stress.
if Soacter and MeCioy were as confident
? co De inthe truthiul-
ont. what could b2
os the snipgei- 3
faw loose ends, the suppression
of a few pieces of incenvenient evidence
which conflicted with a version of events
they believed to be essentially true.

The one man who could be expected to
have the most informed opinion regarding
the work of the Warren Commission is
former Chief Justice Earl Warren himself.
Hea had declined to be interviewed on the
CBS program in 1967, but he did appear
on television in May, 1972, in an interview

©

‘,..we found no evidence
of any kind that there was
any conspiracy.”
There was very hard stress
on “no evidence”

9

oft of 3

which was part of a series called The Bran-

deis Teievision Recollections. Bob Smith of
the Committee provided me with the tape.

The interview was an hour long, but the
Kennedy assassination and tne Warren
Commission came up only once. The inter-
viewer, Abram Sachar, Chancellor of Bran-
deis University, was friendly and deferen-
tial. | charted some of Warren's remarks
unrelated to the assassination and found
that he was generally unstressed. Sachar
raised the subject of the Commission
obiiquely, and Warren volunteered several
rather iengthy statements about it

Warren said that immediately after the as-
sassination there were iwo thecries. one that
Khrushchev and Castro were behind the
killing. the other that a group of right-wing
Texas oilmen were responsib!e. He said:

“We explored both of those theories for
ten months and found no evidence that
either of them was involved in it.”

The PSE showed hard stress.

He continued:

. we found no evidence of any kind

that there was any conspiracy.”

Again there was stress, and particutariy
hard stress on the words “no evidence.”

“T have read everything.” said Justice
Warren, “that has come to my notice in the

press. and [ raad some cf the documents
that ave criticized the Commission very
severaly, but 1 have naver foun: that they
have Giscovered any evidence oi any kind
thai we didn't discover ang usa in daternin-
ing the c2s2 as we did.”
Hard stress once again. The word “never”
was a perfectly “immed hedge.”

| have found notning since that time.”
he continusd. "to change my view, nor have
| heerd of anything that has changed the
view of any member of the commission
since that time.”

The stress was hard. As | had now come
to expect, the word “nothing” seemed a
paritculacly beautiful examoie of stress.
Another vord seemed to show svan more
stress: “memoer." Could he nave bean
thinking of someone in particuiar? On Janu-
ary 19, 1970. Senator Richard 8. Russell.
a member of the Warren Commission, re-
veaied that he had never believed that Lee
Harvey Oswaid acted aicne.

inad charted the last of the assassination
tapes. Of course, these few thousand feat
of recording tape are only a smail fraction’
of the relevant testimony recorded and
stored away in the archives of ¢elevision
news departments. There is, jor example.
Lee Harvey Oswald. as he was fed through
the Dallas police station, denying that ha
had killed the President. There are state-
ments by Marina Oswald, Jack Ruby and
by others.

| have no doubt that with these tapes,
a Psychologica! Stress Evaluater. and time
to work on them, a very detaiied picture
of the assassination of John F. Kennedy
could be reconstructed, a picture that might
even reveal! the identities of the assassins
and their co-conspirators. | hope that sooner
or later someone does this. | have gone as
far as the private resources of a free-lance
writer permit.

What. given the sample of testimony !
have processed with the PSE, can | say
about the assassination?

We should first examine the testimony in
which no stress was found, since itis almost
certain that these people were telling the
truth as they saw it. This strongly suggests
the following:

1. Oswald owned a rifle.

2. A bullet fired from that rifte was found
on Governor Connally’s stretcher at Park-
land Hospital.

3. Bullet iragments alleged to have been
found in the presidential limousine also
came from Oswald's rifle.

4. At least one eyewitness believes he
saw gunsmoke on the grassy knoll, but
another is equally certain no shots carne
from that direction.

5. Oswald shot and killed Officer Tippitt.

6. At least one membar of the Warren
Commission and one member of the Com-
mission's staff really believe in the = validity
of the Warren Report.

7. Jim Garrison had little or no case
against Clay Shaw.

Almost ail of this tends to support, in oné
way or another, the Warren Report. But now


13-00000

's lp0k,at the lestimony that is called into
‘estion by the PSE:
+ The claim that Oswald's ;ifle was
ind inthe Texas School Book Depository.
2. The claim that bullet hulls matching
wald's nfle were found in the same place
3. The claim that one gunman was seen
ihe “Oswaid window" of tne Dalias Book
pository.
4. The claim that two gunmen were seen
this window.
5. The claim that a gunman was seen
a different wincow of that building
5. Another claim that no shots came from
grassy knoil. and a claim by the witness
o saw the Gunsmoke on the knoll that
also hearc a shot from that direction.
7. A claim by a Dailas policeman that
ither he nor Oficer Tippitt knew Oswald.
3. The claim cy the pathologist—the
arren C@fim:ssion’s only source of infor-
tion about the autopsy—that the X-rays
J autopsy chcicgraphs support his tes-
ony before ommission.
2. The claim by a member of the Warren
mmission tre: there was nothing fraudu-
{ about the en Report.
10. The ciaim &y Eari Warren that the
mmission found ro evidence of a con-
iracy; that none of the Warren Report's
tics ever found anything the Commission
id missed; tna: -e had found nothing since
‘publication of the Report to change his
_ wand that re knew of no Commission
‘mber.who hac ever changed his mind
ut their conciusions.

\f we accept that each instance of stress
indicates deception, an interesting and
unexpected possibility emerges:

Oswald was involved in some way in the
assassination, if only as a fall quy. Some of
the Dullas police force may have been in-
volved, planted the evidence that impli-
cated Oswald, and covered up the fact that
there was a conspiracy. The medical exam-
iner believed his own testimony to the War-
ren Commission, bui later had doubts. The
Commission found evidence of a conspir-
acy but didn’t believe it. so they covered
it up in order to present a tidy package to
the public. Later, at least one member of
the Commission changed his mind, but
since he didn't know what really did hap-
pen, he decided to say nothing. So there
was conspiracy in Dallas, and in Washing-
ton nothing worse than blundering.

! could say all this with certainty if | knew
that stress always equais deception. Unfor-
tunately, | do not know that. But the PSE
analysis of the assassination tapes has
generated a staggering amount of fresh
doubt regarding the Warren Report. This
doubt rises not only from specific points
the PSE has called into question, but from
the very sinister implications of the very
existence of deception among policemen,
government officials and Commission
members. The question remains: did such
deception exist or was the stress found by
the PSE the result, in every case, of an out-
side issue?

Obviously, whenever stress is found by
the PSE and cannot be cross-checked by
a structured interrogation, some probability
must be accepted that this stress 1s caused
by an outside issue. No study has yet Seen
conducted to es:abiish wiat this probability
might be, but let us pick. for the sake of
discussion, a figure that may seem ridicu-
lously high—70 percent. in other words, we
are assuming that 70 percent of the times
the PSE finds stress in testimony, it results
from something other than lying.

' Now, let’s ignore the deception indicated
in the testimony of the eyewitnesses: even
if present, it might have resulted from mere
desire for attention. That leaves eight “in-
siders” who have demonstraied stress when
making statements supporting the Warren
Report: the Dallas policemen Hill, Jacks,
Jackson and Weitzman: the medical exam-
iner, Captain Humes; Commission staffer
Wesley Liebler; Commission member John
McCloy: former Chief Justice Earl Warren.

Assuming that there is a 70 percent
chance that any single instance of stress
is “outside issue,” what is the probability
that all eight instances are due to factors
other than deception? Elementary proba-
bility theory tells us.tnat it is seven-tenths
raised to the eighth power, or approximately
6 percent.

in other words, even making some fairly
conservative assumptions, there is a 94 per-
cent chance that at least one of these eight
men is lying. .

My own personal opinion? | don't know.
| remember the young man with the ring.
He said he was wearing it, and he was.

‘but he stressed. He stressed not because

he was lying, but because there was some-
thing about that ring that really bothered
him, something he didn’t want the world to
know. Perhaps that is also true of these men
who, in one way or another, leamed some
part of the truth about the assassination of
John F. Kennedy.

I suppose I'm not absolutely sure even
of that. When | first met Bob Smith of the
Committee, | asked him if there was any
one thing the government could do to clear
up the mystery. Yes, he replied, the one
thing that would help more than anything
else would be to make available the physi-
cal evidence — the detailed FSI lab re-
ports, the X-rays and autopsy photographs.
the microscopic slices, the bloodstained
clothing, yes, even the President's brain,
wherever it has been hidden. These things.
he said, would go far toward answering the
questions aboot what actually happened
that day in Dallas. Maybe they would even
confirm the Warren Report.

So when | say I'm not absolutely certain
these men are concealing something, |
mean | can think of something that could
conceivably change my mind. Thatis. ifthe
government would open ail its files on this
matter to us and prove that we are wrong
—we, the people who ten years later still
believe we haven't yet heard the full account
of the events of November 22, 1963.

13-00000

THE LAST THREE PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTIONS HAVE BEEN DECIDED BY
BULLETS:

1964 — result decided by the assassination of
President John F. Kennedy

1968 ~ result decided by the assassination of
Senator Robert F. Kennedy

1972 — result decided by the near-assassination of
Governor George Wallace

WHAT is the evidence?
WHO fire the fatal shots?

WHY has there been such a concerted effort ;
to withhold the facts?

WHO was really behind the assassinations?

¥

~

2-H F438

(COME SHARE THE FINDINGS
OF THE NATION'S EXPERTS

AT A TWO DAY CONFERENCE

- SPONSORED BY THE COMMITTEE TO

INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS

TO BE HELD AT

GEORGETOWN
UNIVERSITY

GASTON HALL

Nov. 23-24, 1973

COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS
1520 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. « (202) 232-1152

DECADE OF
ASSASSINATIONS

‘

1963 - 1973

JOHN F. KENNEDY © SYLVANUS OLYMPIO ¢
ABDUL KARIM KASSEM ¢ MEDGAR EVERS e¢
“NGO” DINH DIEM © JIGME DORjI © ADIB AL «
SHISHAKLI © PIERRE NGENDANDUMWE
HASSAN ALI MANSOUR ¢ MALCOLM X ¢ VIOLA
LIUZZO ® MARIO MENDEZ MONTENEGRO ¢ SIR
ABUBAKAR BALEWA ® J.T.V. IRONS! AGUIYI ¢
HENDRIK VERWOERD © TRAN VAN VAN ¢@
GEORGE LINCOLN ROCKWELL ® CHE GUEVARA
e MARTIN LUTHER KING ¢ ROBERT F.
KENNEDY © EDUARDO MONDLANE ¢ TOM
MBOYA e A.A. SHERMARKE ® GEORGE
WALLACE ¢ SALVADORE ALLENDE e

13-00000

17:30

.

FRIDAY — NOVEMBER 23

LATE REGISTRATION —
Early Registrants pick up passes.

WELCOME:

Mr. Bernard Fensterwald, Jr., Executive
Director, Committee to Investigate
Assassinations

Mr. Norman Mailer, Author and Forwarder
of The Fifth Estate

CURRENT STATUS OF PROMINENT

ASSASSINATION CASES:

JFK CASE — Mr. Robert P. Smith, Director
of Research, Committee to Investigate
Assassinations .

RFK CASE -- Mr, Robert Hanson, Attorney,
present counsel for Sirhan Sirhan

KING CASE — Mr. James Lesar, Attorney,
present counsel for James Earl Ray

WALLACE CASE — Mr. Ronald Van Doren,
Newsman, Author, researcher into the
background of Arthur Bremer

ROCKWELL CASE — Ms. Meredith Rode,
Professor at Federal City College,
Authority in killing of George Lincoln.
Rockwell

UNIQUE INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES:

Mr. William Turner, Moderator — Former
FBI Agent, Author of numerous books
‘on investigative techniques

Mr. George O'Toole — Former CIA Agent,

” Free-Lance Writer, expert on the PSE

(Psychological Stress Evaluator) \
Mr. Robert Saltzman — Computer Engineer,”

Jecturer on the Warren Commission
Report

DECADE OF ASSASSINATIONS
1963 — 1973

PROGRAM

FRIDAY — Continued

~ 12:30 BREAK FOR LUNCH

Mr. Josiah Thompson,

2:00 MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE:
Moderator

Professor at Haverford College, author of

Six Seconds in Dallas

Dr. Cyril Wecht — Professor of Law and

Forensic Medicine at

University; Coroner of Pittsburgh, Pa.
Ms. Sylvia Meagher — Attorney, UN Official,

author of Accessories After The Fact

Duquesne

Mr. Roger Hanson ~ Attorney, counsel to

Sirhan Sirhan

Mr. Herbert MacDonnell — Professor of
Criminalistics, Corning University; expert

in case of Fred Hampton

Mr. Mark Lane — Attorney, author of Rush

To Judgment and Executive Action

6:00 BREAK FOR DINNER

8:30 WARREN COMMISSION REPORT: FACT

OR FICTION —

A slide show and lecture by Mr. Robert

Saltzman

9:30

12:30
2:00

SATURDAY — NOVEMBER 24

ASSASSINATIONS AND THE MEDIA:
Mr. John Henry Faulk, Moderator —
Humorist and Author of Fear On Trial
Mr. Robert Kaiser — Author of RFK Must
Die

Mr. Donald Freed ~ Co-Author of Executive
Action

Mr. Harold Weisberg — Author of Frame Up

Mr. Ted Charach — Author of Second Gun

Mr. Peter Noyes — Author of Legacy Of
Doubt

Mr. Fred Cook — Author of numerous books
and articles

BREAK FOR LUNCH

THEORIES OF CONSPIRACY:

Mr. Richard Sprague, Moderator —
Computer expert and author

Dr. Richard Popkin, Professor at Washington
University; author of The Second Oswald

Col. Fletcher Prouty — Former Liaison
Officer between Pentagon and CIA;
author of The Secret Teams

Mr. Robert K. Brown — Former Special
Services Officer; expert in attempts on
life of Castro

Mr, Eart Golz — Reporter for Dallas Morning
News; expert on Organized Crimes

Mr. Victor Marchetti — Former CIA Agent;
author

Mr. Peter Dale Scott — Professor at
Berkeley; Author of The War Conspiracy

INDIVIDUAL WORKSHOPS WITH THE
SPEAKERS —
Question and Answer Sessions

13-00000

’ AMERICAN POUTICAL ASSASSINATIONS:

” A BIBLIOGRAPHY

. OF WORKS PUBLISHED

“21963-1970

RELATED TO THE ASSASSINATION OF

OHN. F.. KENNEDY.
MARTIN LUTHER KING

ROBERT F. KENNEDY

oS - Compited b

Y .

THE COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS © 7

WASHINGTON, D. C.
COMMITTZE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS
1973

fpr one ie net etter mangement

13-00000

A nations” Nevnveck 6 0-33.

"es q One “s ry 15 August 1966 PP. 30-33, ‘
ferns ited, second installment of t! jeath of a resident, Tine, 27 Janu 19 Vy tra, Jan, Zes arcemen_ in Dallant 22 Noverher 1963, Te prord op. Jobo Lo Bennedys
Beery fds secon of the death P di u January 196 Booustra, J.

1917-19f1, Preatdent ven de Verenigde Staten van Aecriks, Apsteardan: Bide

>
1. JOHN FP. KENNEDY Bickel, AM, "Return to Dallas.” New Republic, 23 December 1967, ps 34.
Biohop, Jin, The Pay Kennedy Was Shot, New York: Fimk and Wegnalle, 1968,
: : "Black Priday, five years later.” Newayeck, 25 Moverder 1968, pp, 22=23,
A. GENERAL "B'nai Brith, Overecas Mourn JFK; DOY0"s 4ULb Anniveseary Service dedicated to JPK; ills
Directore place Wreath at Tomb of President,” National Jevich Monthly, Januery
. . 1964, pp. 24026, .
“serrations of Bourgeots Drmceracy: The Fight to Deny Rights.” Current Digest of the Spy | Ronner, Judy Whitson, Investipation of a Homicides the Murder of John P, Kencedy, Andes
fet Treaa, } January 1964, p. 25. ¥ sou, 5.C.s Droke Noune, 1969, -
“ycisg the Trenedpe” Tablet, 10 Novenber 1963, pp. 11-1182. | Booker, Streous "How JFK Surpanaed Abrahan Lincoln.” Phony, Febryset 1964, pp. 25-28, 3
|
|

Pe 5A, Tiotheck .
— ota . “Some Functions of Religloss Ritual in Catastropha: Kennedy Assas~ . otheck en-docuwntatic achool, 1968,
Artory de oi tien Boctote Teal Analyain, 25(1964), 212-230, 168, Bowder, Rallovell. "The Perils of Hesty History." Saturday Rewriv, 31 Decender 1966,
F gicnl Analyse’ , “25 Janu Pe DM.
we " ry ngt Thilippinen Nerald Magazine, ry * :
Ativey, toni ot Bay In ashing one” Pabiipe: id ; Brood, Sergiu, "Si Totus! Cine?" Cronica, 17 December 1966, p. 12.
_. een Night Feti on the U.S." Philippine Norald Magazine, 7 December 1963, po 12. | Bravo, Praneescoe Jolin Pitmenid Keonedy, el martic de la capermza: dincurno, Cuenca,
Mee, 8% “ rurdav fuening Prat, 15 February 1964, pp. 17-23. . : ; .
Aer S. roe Tey tute Se eteT rae 19-22, y ee ! Breig, Je “Agannaination of @ People." Ave Maria, 14 Decenber 1963, p, 10,
whem ehild'e pellow Elowsia.” Pounveck, 2 Deces:er 1963, pps 26-37, + TPreekdene Kennedy'a Deaths Why?” “Ave Marsa, 11 Jenvary 1964, ps 96
me then it wa Hoverber 22 again.” Tewewnek, 30 Novenber 1964, pp. 25-20, \ ane poet oe ree rnency Wee Ones Piet Memorial Hospital." Saturday Evening
wees t Saar " Rrematrnction! November 1964, p. 6 Jo, Poot, cecher PP. .
.-tvernory of on Ansasmination.” Prematructtoniat, 27 Nove Pe ve Brienbarg, Mordecal, "The Riddle of Delle.” Spectator, 212(1964), 305-206,

Antorinea, Brother, “Peath hos Pounced: bxeerpt ‘ftom Tonge of Jeoparity." Dominicana,
Septerder 1065, ppe 9-126

Wenecelense and after.” Chrintion Century, 80(1963), 1487.

Bringufer, Carlos, Red Friday, Chicago: Charles Hallberg & Co, asd.
Brodie, Iercel, Tribute to the late President John Pitxperald Kennedy...at the Marble

. ” 64, p. 27. H Arch Synezopu Tondov,..1963. London: Office of the Chief Rakhi, 1964,
Aspe Llerta, Le "Peflections aur une Tregedie.” Relations, Jenvary 1964, Buch. th C. “bravo Porociin’o i "Dy _ ry
povatbann, Stephen A. "Tac Kennedy Asoagpination.” Paychoanalytic Revicw, 53, no. 3(1966), : uchanan, aera ravo Porocilo o Uporu v Dallasu." DeJo, 27-29 February 1964,

41-F0,
Armeat, MoSe The Derth of a Prestdent. Pansaic, NeJ.t Minority of One, 1964,

1G O he December 1963, pp. 1-2.
netion Glvee trpetwa to Codd'o Cun Bill,” Jdvertiningn Apes 2 . :
“Maat font n Prost dent, reprinted from Hew York Tiren wil: intro. by Anthony Lewle. .
Ren Youn, V4I .

Me Aaspeetnation of preaident John F, Kennedy.” Current Digest of the Soviet Preee, 11

Cececher 1963, pre 2-35.
“the Aaneratnetion of Preaident Rennedy." Fant Furepe, January 1964, pp. 25-26.

Budimac, Budimir, "Zlocin u Teksesu.” Mmevnik, 22(1963), 6124,
Bugialli, Paolo, et al, Chi ha uccino ft Kennedy, Rona: Traprni editorc, 1968,
“Business Pledges ite Support.” Runinena Week, 30 Novevber 1963, p. 34.
Butler, Ed, "The Great Asonosin Purzies" The Weatwood Villege Squire, 1, no. 2(1968),
pp. 21-28; 2, no. 1(1969), pp. 26-27, 37-41.
a Caweron, J. “Humane and Sane." Comeonunal, 13 Decerber 1963, pp. 338-339,
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+ “Mort d'un Preatdent.” Parse Match, 1967 (eight serialized parts).

» Poveratt of a President, Boston: Little, Brown, 1962,
weno Der Tod Neo Prdnidenten,” Stern Magazine, 1967 (eight serialized parts),

+ Ber Tod dea Prasidenten, 20-25, Novenber, 1963. Prankfurt: S. Piecher, 1967,
——-, “Wie Die Kennedys Me{n Buch Bekarpfeo.” Stern Ma azine, 26 Merch 1967,
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Mendel, T. "End to nagging runora; the etx critical neconds,” Life, 6 Deceader 1963, pe 5:

Hanoca, Ho “Lome Vigil.” Reporter, 19 December 1963,

Mansfield, Michael J, Fulopies ta the Jate President ton Pirzecrald Kennedy delivered in
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Ji. Kapica, 1964,

o—emnet al. John Fitzperald Kennedy cuingtes_to the Jere President delivered io the

the tirited Staten Capital, soverher 24, Io by Mike Heanfield

x hitenee nD
Earl Warren and John W. MeCareack, Washington: ¢.P, 0,, 1963.


13-00000

of

: Y 5 ac_rurdaved Prenident Kennedy: 973
vows, Stanley Je Porine rt forte SS Ta Tate Ww Relaciones, 1967,
moeryred sae otion's Journey.” Tecemarructiontnt, 13 bacreber 1963, pe 3.
m we Richard, ‘The Kennedy Curne, New Tork: Belmont i ei x.
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1963, Les Anpelea: The author,

Nevthevs, J. Four Park Oey in Hfatory: Novenber 22-25, 1963,

1953,
Meer, Milton, “Moverher 22, 1963." Proprensive ORT Ee ee 68
s78 a 2 “wrat They are Sezing,' ener, lover o Pe 2
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Mera, Senn BL Rullets 1 t.

a
Helle nw “The Aseassinetion Induntry: A Tentative Checklist of Publications on
sila, Themen Ke

Awrricen Bonk Collector, Summer 1968,
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the Murder of President John F, Rennedy,”
Mccoy, Mary. “After great pain; 9 formal [celing.
: Iq_n-sorion: John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Weal
Me euthling He “Paris, Noverber 2%nd, 1963." Ircaculate Neart Crusader Noveaber-December
. - ate Heart Crugotety
964, pp._&-9. - .
Me caepy es. *oarria la Mort de Fennedy: L'Awerique devant Elle-Mere."” Etudes: Pevue
. . ° on oe annem
tholiew: d'intarct pararal, 1964, _—_
Fersser sister ie Curlous Tentiemny of Mr, Given.” Texan Mhnerver, 13 August 1971,
over, § . ne G eS
Bete for’ ” 1966, pp. 211+,
th Bag: December 2 Pie "
men eiector the More, Rot cpenine m7 or the Limit of the Warren Investigation.
The Minartey of Me, July-August 1966, TP. 29-32,
TPost Asaaasioation Credibility Chase.” “the Minort

nA paychiatriot's Retroactive Clairvoyone:.” The Hinortty of One, June 1966, pps

mre ." The Minorit:
eed with Deala: How the Keanedy Inveatigation Waa Orgemtsed G Sd

July-August 1968, pp. 227,

* . ebruary 1967, pp. 35-36.
at ceeeees etlin chrontehing eventa of the arsnseination of Jobin
"23d a7 Cleveland: Bell and Hwwell Go,, Micro Fhoto

nf One, March 1967, pp. 21-

of for

er 22-26, 1753,

ot a otpes 3 the
Cans p cho, Harold: “MBroadeast vs, Sources of Information in Eserpent yea ie
o_m t aiden: tal danasniraton.” Iovens) of Breadcarting, Spring 1 Bes) bre .
Keocr tari t “Schors of Dallar.” Iliustrated Inndon Newe, 66, no. 1709 ¢ ’
: at ne “Echor L
ate 766-768,
je 66, no. 1707 (1953),
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ber 1763, p. 604, . / 1967
~ sven, TF oe ubio Keanrdiz la, Zagreb: Starmoct, :
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ied J - 3 ———
astravicne Hrontka 22, Novexbra.” Rotba, 24 Noverber 1963.
"Rbijeo Predsetntk SAD Deon Feneci, Jorba, 23 Novenber le inetion,” Rew
e'sndm, 3, snd 5 Lyra eeds of Doubt: Some Cucetions Ahout the Aseasain o" Rew
raga, 3. and S. nae

ita 21 Breen 1263 « 14-17, ’ .
preety ae de Ta Daliea al Semele ef di fntrevare.” Pentru Apsrarea Pacii,
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neton and S-rays of autopsy.” Mesrverk,
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ne, 25 Decemser 1966; § Jnouray 1767. saber 1963, pe 6
ae vedy.” U.S, Newa end Vortd Peport, » e ' t
wcwgenery The "Cryatal Sall: Condensaticn fron cift of Pra: hecy." Reader’e Digent,

“Ty, Re. p

2 235-242 ~v. an
“re untold Zearies concerning the Death of a President by W, Manchester. U.S, News,
. ° ie ey ES EE
Hew Ameri

* Inouary 107, pe 36.
aa $3 pete eres » Tee enrh of Preaddent John Fy Reonety.
_ a . . ha eS | NC + aie «+
, can Libra
“fe, Wrighe,

aber 1963, pp. 29> —

dis meacu

14 Hoverber 1166, pp. 30-31.
" New York Times

satee i
verpane, Ue
Ma»

Rar
om = AS,

New York:

x
th Newecher the vord fron Dallna wan Neard in

Veoresear, 5 Geers ec 1963, Pe 12. 1964 26.
rear’ Uadergeh Hagazine, Jonuary o Pe 24
i hee ie OR aA teats tenes 7

ted Mee me

stg

National Broadcnsting Corpeny. There Wan A President, New York: Rendon House, 196i

"The Nations: How Sorrosful Bad. Lime, 29 Novecber 1963, pp. 18-39.

.Neloon, Horry, "Lf Kennedy hod Survived: Ljfe in Reopirstor Might Have Been Hie Fat
Angelen Tires, 7 June 1960, pp. 1. 19.

"New Assasaination theory: theory of J, Thompson,” Nevnverk, 27 November 1967, pp.

“Hew conflict over atsonsinaten,” U.S, Nowe end World Peport, $ December 1966, pps

“New Light on the Assassination: a accret egent’o atory. UeSy Nora and World Reps”
June 1964, pp. 38-39, -

Newmonn, Alfred, The Ansanatnation of JIrhn F, Kennedy, The Renaon Why. Bew York:
Clarkoon N, Potter, 1570.

Nichols, Dr, John, "Preoident Kennedy's Adrenals,” JANA, 10 July 1967, ppe 1290130

“Notee and cowvent."” Rew Yorver, 7 Deceaber 1963, p. 45. .

“November 22, 1963, Dallon; Fhotoa by Nine Byatandero.” Life, 25 Hovember 1967, pp

"Mow the Trumpet Summons Againe,."” Burinens Meck, 30 Noverber 1963, pp. 31-23,

“How the U.S. gets JFK autepay.” U.S, Newn and Worle Report, 14 November 1966, p. 8

O'Brien, Conor C. “The Life and Death of kennedy.” New Statenman, 71, no. 1818 (19

50-51.

+ “No ona Else but hin."

O'Toole, Dr. James K,
755.

Kew Stateaman, 30 September 1966, -pp. 479-481,
"Mourning a Prenident. Roychintric Quarterly, 40 (1966), 73

"Oo the Far Right: The Aseossination," Commonweal, 27 Deccaher 1963, pp. 384-385.

"On the Writing of Contccporary History.” Atlantic, March 1967, pp. 69-74,

"Oswald's Hietoric Diary," Life, 10 July 1964, Pp. 26-31.

“Other Guns,” Newnweek, 30 Decenber 1963, p. 15.

Pacis, Vicente A. “Hate Campaign did it." Weekly fr hic, 25 December 1963, pp. 2,
9a.

Ponter-Downee, Mollie, "Letter from tendon.” New Yorker, 7 Decesber 1963, pp. 196-

“Paris: le Coup de Nallan.” Kev Stateani, 6 December 1963, p. 817.

Parlach, Alexander Yon, "Jacqueline Kennedy: dae Leben einer Witwe,” Stem Hagerin.
1967, pp. 90+,

"Pathologist Sleuth Reopens Kennedy Controveray; Suggesta JFK euffered from Addison's
ma P. Disease." Science News, 22 July 1967,
‘A Permanent Record of What We Watched from Novenber 22-25, 1963," .
164, eee Shane . je” TV Guide, 25 Jan
Phelan, J, "Plot to Kill Kenedy? Rush to Jud
. 6 Mey 1967, pp. 21-25,
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23 Noverber 1966, pe Ss
"Piety of it," devish Froneter, Decenber 1963, p. 1.

Pomerantz, Charlotte, comp. The Hond of the Nation, New York: Marzin{i and M

q : uesell, .
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Poznancka, A. “Procea a Dallas,” Cite Ithre, April 31964, pp, 26-28,
Preaident ae agitated by a Gumman at Dallas.” Jiurtrated Lmdon Newn, 30 November

PP. +.

"Proaident Kennedy Asnaseinated." The Tiras, 23 Kovenber 1963, p. 8.

Prenident Keanedy'’a Lant Hour (motion picture). Wolper Production, alias Cinema Asso
The Press:

Covering the Tragedy," Time, 29 Noverber 1963, p. 84
"Priceless Role," Newnweck, 16 Decenber 1963, p. 56 + Pe Bee

"Primer of Ansasainatéon Theories." Fanuire, Decenher 19£6, pp. 205-210,
Puche, Ignacio, comp, y aaenini

4 2 Aaceinato: el nacninato de Keonady en tod: 1 detalle
Grafiea Ruan, 1963, Sees series Mad

"A Quiet and Sad Dey," Newaveek, 30 Recember 1963, p. VM

gment in New Orleans.” Saturday Event
Shadow S¢ill Cast Over Whire Howe," mh

Rand, Michee) et al., compa. The Aaseanination of President Yeonedy. London:
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Reaction in the South,” Fevaweek, 16 Decerber 1963, p. 27,

(Reaction to killings." Sc@ence Hews Lecter, 7 Decenber 1963, p, 358,
Reaction to the Anoasaination; excerpie fron reports to Chrteeimn Centu
. Fespondenta,” Chriattan fentmp, 60 (1943), 1616-1019,

Report from the FAI," Nevavect, 23 Tecembar 1963, ppe 19-20,

Reyes Monroy, Jone Luto, _fe ore ufdesn; la hella (lor racione} de Guatemala, ala

Sel gran prea 2 len Fataden Untilen sie Jnerita, scaor Jahn Fy Kennedy.

mala: Tip, Wacienal, 1965.
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The Truth Abour the Aa asnination, Kew York: Grosset and Dunlap,
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Roberta, Charlen W,
Robertnon, A,
e_DAd thio man happeo vpoa Joho Kennedy's Asaenging?” Marlera's Magetine.

‘a neve cor

Nevnwnnk,

Roddy, Jon.

13-00000

2

fe

wp...

a

fetrz, EF. aad J. Wickey.

foot, Sirteenct

Deceubar
-tor, Ve “No tive for enltective guilt.” U6, New and Verld Peport, 9

: 2e b y
to bie ihe repact oa Kennedy Asenssination,” U.8. Hom ond World Report, 12 Octo=

7 1 2, ; :
“N te juoseene A comerr7stien with Mark Lene and Exile de Antonls." Film Comment,

inter 1907, pp. 2-18.

Passaic, KJ, ued.

v21t, Bertrand, 16 Questioun ca the Septerber 1966, pp. 867-828+,
ay Fe poets about Dallase’ t New Yorks Scarecrow, 1969.

Brochthling rpohy_of th

‘a, Martin BH.
fips Melber. hho? low?

 telpan, Mikhath.
lireer Peete E.G. "With Rennady.” Good Nounsreeping, August 1966, pp. 57-67, 158,
: » Picere F.C. Go '
. a, 172, 174, —— ;
— ent sander tater edne A‘Tribute to John Py Kermedz. Chicago: Encyclopedia
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Britronica Frees, 1965,
“{coury, Harciror E.

“Penelutions of the Liberal Dilewma-in the Assassination of Presi
te," Jonmal of Perrorality, December 1965, pp. 636-648+,

Emutnik Month}y Digest, Jume, Anguot,

U.S, Newa and

»,
dent Kean Journ A Sceret Agent's Story."

ta, Atstrvkd.
Werle Ra
age, tao,

: 1964, pp. 3F-39
a aorta ow Landnr, 9 Novenher 1964, pps 8-1). ‘a
rronetore, Bhat enema p shiphbdT Fannadi, Bangkok, 1964,
a 3 werald Kennedy.” Saturday Evenin,

en tea ete
:e@irger, Arthur M,, Jr. “A Eulogy:
* 36 Tecer'er 1963, pp. 32-324.

Post,

John

York:
‘hMetde, Sister !'. Pernadette, comp, The Trempet surrons wn. John _F. Kennedy. Nev 3

Vantarc Prean, 12€6,
-ootber, FAR. cad MH. Yerman,
1965, Tp. J2-4L.
“In 'Cercmel’ Siteen Fbl-Agenten,
. 17 (1969),76,

“Der Mord von Callan,"

"Sovenber 22, 1963, & Paychiatric Evaluation,” Science Digest,

Dallea unch dem Kennedy-Mord.” Der

Re Pett, 19 (1964), p. 3.

“Men, ta Th "gas May 1967, pp. 104-107,
pe ow t Lor eories, Rag 2 y »
Pan fone Tepes snageing = vont Port, 14 Lacerher 1963, p. 19.
te 3 re

ict oreen,

nt, Lntarhul: 8ilgia Yayinlari, 1967.
Tel Aviv: N. Twersky, 1964,

srr, Mack,

he 7t.
wha tee Tey Oe “ € Decerher 1963, pe &
fs i rat whey tana Te Life, cethe , . 1987
z oa n aeasey kool?” Protographic-snalyeis shows ao New Evidence.” Time, 26 May ’

pe 2k.

“Vans fa Dalles”
oan, Tabect Lev
ttt, Jr.

ecenber 1943, ps 26.
tt quent tone § ueday Reviey, 14 Decerbor 1963, p. 23.
fron a Dalles citizen,” Yack, 24 Sareh 1964, pp. 8B,

“Tire and T 28 Noverher 1963, p. 4

7

That Cracccd our Futur . uty 787H,
‘th, Le “Peatey Fleza," Holtday, Keveoner 2069 PPtaited Prene International (n.d J

‘hy Merriasn. (re Murcer of the Yrumg Preasa
~ Williwa ®, “Fanprifaarsen be Comsenauas he

“e ~~ me = ee ee le oS a -
earepeaert annedy Anranaination. Washington: L’Avant

: the afterrire nf the ft
> An SRE LCR, IN en eee a

abary behind the Yrnneut agnanhination,
A bs y.

; 2 hor inde
. “a bar an ent Fenaedy? The out or ft
wey ne = fescee, : ch, 9 February 1967, p. 17, 1964) 159
{anton Unterssche Kennety-Attendat.  Polfyct-Polizei-prozis, 55 (¢ + PP:
“ond mrtaaior ers vi as Ee ha ft? on
7-50; 7
Pooange Go Beer bay 10 tore 9 S90 2 tae Pe Tha
AtedGy 51-36; 1 ser ret Eumrent: Di eat of the Soviet Prensa, 18

nate Proaid

Teptreher, Ppe ls
“chee Press Cerrent Following Kennedy's Death,
ster 1963 be te."
*,icver aps on WN K. dentine “Levels of Knowledge in aa Emergent Crinta
te evel .

Paces’ rr 1865, pn. 234-237. . . nyt
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The Appltcetion of

vera co the Photegrephic Evidence.” Corputera and Autenmtion, Kay 1970,
. slr ere 7 ° -
2.69 7 ‘ eprentative
“A Mad r. “trihutes to J-hn Fe. Kennedy." Tt Bate’, Aloe ed, Repesrrniative
we sbiet Fy tay ©, > Wile te
. ’ Yew Nock: WE woha P. Keonedy: aermonn on bia

1, cd. Aron nen
featters, Glen Rocke, Jes Paultet Preas, 1964,

ae eer a * Look, February 1964, pp. 8-9.
. ¥ ar on that rrigger.” Mitlook, . New
need Bete ve et Mn ner A Satution of the Preaident Kennedy Roath Mystery.

rae

“Das Teuflinche Sptel im den Kennedy-Hord,
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“this 1@ a Great Notion.”

"This nation, under Cod:
37-39,

Thomas, J. "Le Monde Libre et le Crive de Dallas,”
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Der Trick dea Veltkorenfem Durchachaut wnt
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nemtat, 30 Novether 1963, pp. 901-902,

Statement by the editors," Pooter’a Digest, Jeanaty 1264, pp.

JA novretie revue fntemationale, 7 €
enenaetntes °

Thoupaon, Joeinh, Six Seronde in Dallas, tev Yorks Bernard Coie Aarfociates, 1967,

Thompoon, Thewaa, “in Teaco a Policeman end an Assassin ate Laid to Rese, Too.” Look,
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Thompson, W.C. A Bibliopraphy of Ltteracure relating ta the Aansaniration of Prestdant Joh
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"A Thousand Daya. Life, 16 July, 23 July, 30 July, 5 Novenber, 12 Hovenber, 19 Novesber
1965, oO

A Thousand Paya: John P Kennedy in the White Rouse,

Three patienta at Parkland.”

Beston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965,

Teran State Journal of Hrdicina, January 1964, pp. 60-74,

Thruston, Wealey S. The Trevepeta of Koverber, New York: Bernard Geis Anoociates ad,

"Time between, Reporter, 5 December 1963, ps 14, .

"The Tires Iovestigates the Asananination.” Nemunek, 12 December 1966, Pp. 20, :

Tobin, Richard L, “If You Can Keep Your Mead When All About You: Television and Neve
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"A Tragedy and a Ghallenge.” Businenn Werk, 30 November 1963, p. 124,

“Tragic Day tn Texae." Senior Scholoatic, 18 Novenber 1965, pe 7

"Tragic end of John F. Kennedy." U,S. and World Report, 2 Deceaber 1963, pp. 31-32.

Trevor-Roper, Hugh, "M1 Olte weg Kennedyet?” Korumk, 25 (1966), 1601-2609,

Troelstrup, Glenn, "New Light on the Assecoination: A Secret Agent's Story.” U.S. News
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Tupa, Stefan. "Dalles: Declaratii o4 Tpoteze,” Lumen, 12 March 1964, pp. 9-10,

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Turner, WoW, "Some disturbing paralicle; avencaination of M.L. Eling and J.P, Kennedy."
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"Two Mra, Keonedya, Natjonnl Review, 4 April 1967, pp. 335-336,

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U,S. Congress, House, Comsirtee on the Judiciary. Prenerving evidence prrtaining to che

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. .
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oat re ee: tn ect ae INE AS eee Ea ome
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w————-. Public Law 202, Sid, Ren 137, joint reroJution authorizing Crowe iaston eetablished

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Ushakov, G. Pry Tieca, 18 March 1964, pp. 27-23,

"Dallao Merty-go-Round.
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Ba ee ered of the sctivits.
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Venkateswaratoo, Porluri, KeanedThates bina Wadece- natass ence

New Yorks

U.S, 88th

B.5,

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rr

“sLl Steere Revives Past After the Crisie.” Runinean ¥-rk, 30 Noverher 1963, pp. 26-31.

‘ervar, Pale, Who Cig the Feeete ret few Yorks “‘ertera Prean, 1964,

‘aner, Fea. “Ese Berpala in ks Fittea.” henix tilererared, 60, no, 437 (1964), 89-914,

“+9 Tais Mas Seeet™ Life, 21 February i y Pps 20-29.

vomhSerten Outlook,” “Resinnaa Weck, 30 Hoverher 1963, pp. 1-42, 3103-110,

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Tent Vartes presand Fennedy futopay. Frederick, Hd., 1969.

anne Lit perrota c€ the Feonedy Autepay, Frederick, Hd., 1969,
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Satlonal_ Paview, 2 July 1568, p. 642,

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“1, Bavid. "Tt wlll Be Meng Years..." Good liousekceping, February ‘1964, pp. 90-91+,

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2968, ra. 79-73,

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Freniag Pont,

Rewsveek,

Memar

2 RL For

“wacid Listened . an? Watened: Redlo-iv E
Erostcactine, 2 Decerber 1963, Pp. 36)

cia mexurns {nh doubt, fear, and hope,” 4 Tecember 1963, pp. 56-56.

‘ares the Spot.” Now:week, 15 December “1963, op. 27-28.

erough, Raiph., “Sennory Perception.” Nevsecek, 16 January 1967, p. 6.

‘verre of Lightning: Day of Drums,“ Film Cremea:, Fall/Winter 1967, pp, 22-23.

B. WORLD OPINJON AND EFFLCTS

2°30 Fujos, Guillermo, The Werld Before a Tord. Barcelona, 1964.

Eo-ea, Theeas J, “The Kennedy Pegascira® fon: Early thoughts and Enotiona,”
rensiv, Sumer 1964, pp. 216-2 :
mit, and taceh 1, Feldman, Tublic Apathy and Public Grief, Chicago:
ational Oplaion Center, University of th:.cago, 1964,

Public Opinion

ae -fon, He "Questiens from abroad.” Saturday Peviev, 9 May 1964,
Froocam, Robert, “Russia: No, No, This Cannot he , rue.” look, 6 December 1963, pp. 129~
130.

2 ‘on of Guilt.” Chriscian Century, 81 (1964), 37-38,
“ls Leetive Guilt fo the Us $.? Take a Lock at the World: with Excerpts from Addrena by
Tf-usten B. Horton.” U.S, News and Yorld Repart, 23 December 1963, pp. /2-74,
Sr. ‘eenive ar tndividnal puate.” ae Va and bi _tior id Feport, 26 December 196), p. 10,
_ n to the Ansanaination of Preaident Kennedy.”
Wayver? or 15 a pr. 109-105,

ean nz repertaices de un periediats
ny : raat . Mexico: Edftoriai |
* Keatertan Dg ‘etreria, seat

w -satfoo of “Burden of gullt.” Chrtation Ceorurg, 61 (1264), 243.
Ibs tps, Joba Le “The Kemedy Atoeasinaticon a6 Viewed by Comsuniat Media.” Journal tes
* Mussrerle. Sartne 1966 en VKT1KD —————

—

2s fo

(Planner, Janet ("Cenet,” pseud.) “Letters from Paris,” Mey Yorter, 7 December 1963,
pp. 131344,

"From friend ond foe in Anerica: aense of shock and disasy at the despicable act, statem
U.S. New nnd World Report, 2 December 1963, po 494

Frontek, T. “An Awericen View,” Tehlee, B April 1967, pp. 302-393,

Greenberg, Broadley S$. and Edwin B. Packer, eda, ‘The Kennedy sananaination and the Ageris
ublic: social ce~mmication in crinis. Stenford University Prene, 1965,

Greenstein, Fred I, “Popular Images of the President.” American Jdvrmal of Paychistry,
122, now 5 (1965), 523-529.

Habe, Hans, Anatomy of Hatr Hatred: the wounded imd, Londons Harrep, 1964,

Harris, T. George. "Competent Azeriecan: Eight Views of JFK." Lnok, L7 Novesber 1964, py
54, 56, 61, 64. .

Hepburn, Janes, ‘Farevell America, Belgium; Frontier Company, 1968. (Also in German an¢
French texts).

“How America Felt." tewaveck, 16 March 1964, p. 33.

“How sorrowful bad; world rea "reactions," Tint, 29 November 1963, pp. 36-39.

"Ia Jural Proceaului de le Dallan, Riafolnd Press Sttains.” Seinteta, 9 March 1964, p.

"In the Nation'a intereat; comaission to Inveatigate the Assansinstion of Preatdent Joba
P, Kennedy.” Avcrica, 21 December 1963.

"Kennedy legacy, the people's task.” Comcmenl, 13 Dececber 1963, pp. 335-336.

Lineberry, William, "The Lingering ‘plot’, Foreign Opinion and the Assassination.” New
lender, 27 April 1964, pp. 21-22,

“Lingering doubta; aurvey of public opinion.”

HeGill, RE. “Speaking out: hate knows no direction,
1963, pp. +.

“Der Kord von Dallas Mahot die Welt." Begegnimg, Berlin, 12 (1963), no. 3, pp. 1-2.
“L'dceddente e le Morte di Kennedy." Rivinca di ntudi politicl internazionali, Florence,
30 (1963), p. 3. TO
Radojeic, Miroslav. "Xeko je Amerika Printla Veet a Zlocitnu u Teksasu."

23 November 1963, p. 18010,
wweweee, "Zasto je Amerika Cutala?” Politika, 2 Decenber 1963, p. 18017,

Raina, Rohn R., comp. Editorials U.S.A. Different opinions on different subjects. John

Kennedy _angaasination. toverher 22,1963, fallen, Texas: The author .0.d.)
Rajeki, Rayoond 5., ed. A nation Grieven: the Fennedy Angangination In Editorial Carton
Rutland, Vt.: Tuttle, 1967,
Sheataley, Pau) B. end Karman Bradburn, “Assassinations How the American Pudlle' respond
American Psychologica) Asso. Los Angeles, Septerber 1964, pp. 1-19. (paper)
Sheatealey, Paul 8, and Jacob J, Feldman, "The assessination of President Kennedy. A
Prelintnary Report on Public Reactions and Behavior," Public Opinion Quarterly.
28 (1944), p. 2.
"Soviet Press Comment Follawing Kennedy's Death," Current Dipest of the Soviet Press,
18 December 1963, pp. 37.
Tamama, T. Reply to it. Branden's "Queations from abroad." Saturday Review, 27 Jume 1964,
“Tragedy in Dallas: letters to the editor," Ohristian Century, 8 (1963), 1588-1590,
Wolfenatein, Martha and Gilbert W. Klimon, eds. ildren and the Death of a President
aultidiacipltnary atudies, New York: bbe
Wilson, J.J. Mood of the Nation, New York: Marzani & Mumecil, 1964,
“The World Resounds: Reactions to the President's Murder, a Sycposium: Wew York, by W. &
Tokyo, by J, Blewett, Rome, by D, Campion, Washington, by S. Quinles. Bogota, by
Andrade. Milwaukec, by Q.Quade. Toulouse, by P. Becheau. London, by A. Boyle.”
America, 14 December 1963,
“World Weeps and Waits.” Buwiinesa World, 30 November 1963, pp. 30-31.

cs

Nevnweek, 6 January 1964, p. 19.
Saturday Fvening Post, 14 Decembe

Politika,

C. WARREN COMMISSTON

"aa Warren Inquiry stacte; Latest on the egeaseinatione” U.S. Navs_and World Report, 30
December 1963, pp, 28-30,

“The asaonnination: The Warren Report.” Ievaweek, 5 October 1964, pp. 32-40, 45-52, 57-6
666,

“Autopsy on the Warren Coumlasion: Tiee Ecaay.” Tire, 16 Septerber 1966, pps 54-55.

"“Retueen two firen: Mro. Onwald's tentiomy to Warren " cosrrinsiica," Tires, 14 February 196
pp. 16-20,

Bickel, Alexander M. "Padlure of the Warren Report.” Commentary, April 1967, pp. 78.

omen, "Reexemining the Warrea Report.” New Republic, 7 Sonusry 1967, pr. 25-28,

“Brave little woman, M.. Qswald before Warren"g davestigating comineioa.” Kevaveck, 17
February 1964, p. 17.

13-00000
\

fe ~*~:
peu, bal the Ware pare nbd Lea? coneere tng H. Weisberg and E.J, Epstein'’s theories ot ;
he. ° < 4 .
Fou Reprilic, June 1966, pp, 23-25, : . Jacobson, Dan, "Mean Street: Warren Conmission Report.” Nev Stateanmn, 15 January i

Cese Agatont Mr. X." Mew Ineeer, 3 January 3966, pp. 13-18, 16-77
PPe fOr? i.

rYese, RA, "Portacript to Warren id ,
F Spectator, 27.
aaunry 1967, p. 99, Jaffe, Louis L. "Trial hy Newspaper." New York Untvernity Lew Review, My 1965, pp.

owe Werren tn the Dock tho killed i
4 Kennedy.*
371-372, ’ Spectator, 23 Segcenber 1966, pp. Joesten, Joachim, Die Wehcheit ther den kennedy-Mord: wie wmd verua der Warren-Repore

“ee, Jace>. “The Warren Ceanh - . 3
. . sston report t Zurich: Schweitzer Verlapuhaur, 1966,
. ree 5-20, Pore and ita Critics." Provtier, Novesber 1966, (y ° coarse The Geps_in_the Warren Pepart.. Hew York: Merzani & Munsell, 1965, ’
ete cet the Warrea report omtte:s vital dycunente." na “ Johnson, Marion H., comp, Preliminary Inventory of the Records of the President's Con
oem on barren © Menton. Hondelein, 111.1 Cal Lagh atime 11 July 1966, pp. 43-49, ° on the Ansasaination of Preatdent Kennedy, Washington: National Archives 8
pon Pred ' wet na) an & Co, yn.d5 (Journal of the Records Service, General Servicen Administration, 1970.
. ° _ 7serea Cormiseion Orcs sone . Jones, Penn, Forgive My Crief; a critical review of the Warren Commigaica report oat
pre 705-715, reports wansvered questions" Natioa, 13 June 1966, . ”  gananpination of Join Fe Kennedy. Midlothian, Texas: Kidlothian Mirror, 19
~ seen y arren Covaission repore: teatimon: + . 0, Forpive Hy Gricf. Volume Two, Midlothian, Texas; Midlothian Kirror, 1967,
ree 737-746, y of che eyevitneases.” Nation, 20 June 1966, '*  xempeon, H. “Warren report: a case for the prosecdtion.” New Republic, 10 October 1
seme, arrea Report and the Irrecoact1 . : . pp. 1317,
cileblea: Theories of Joniah Thompson and Sylvia - "Latest on murder of Kennedy: a preview of the Warren Report.” U.S, Nevs_and World Re

Meacher." Matton, 26 February 196
Crovford, Cuttte et aly Cri ad ea the waren a hard. Th Ever

Critical Reactions t
Mremell, 19648, tenet ions to the Warren Report. New York: Marzani 6 Lewis, Richard W, The Scavengers and critics of the Warren Report; the endless parade

New York: Delacorte Press, 1967. .

€ weford, Ko "Warren £
vat wreachers.” Newnunes. }
Come, Febert 9, "Why the Warren Corisets 4 October 1964, p. 40 : Lifton, David S., comp. Document Addendum to the Warron Report. Los Angeless Sightte
hetas s pp. 479-539, seiont™ New Yort Naivernity Lav Review, May 1965, . Publications Inc,, 1968,
ud, gor. The Weicht of the Evidence: : Lynd, Staught "Co by § 4." Ltheracion Magazine, 9, no, 10 (1965)
fae Wrish P pice: The W : yod, jughton. ment by Staughton Lynd. eration PAZINE, Fy N10. .
bate Mere een Treas, 1968, San SOE ren Re ort md ita Critien., New York: MacDonald, Dwight, "A Critique of the Warren Report. Pa vire, March 1965, p» 59.
¢ end Sim va » ” 2 2 .
, Collectors Pusliertienn, pag petate of the Warren Report. Covina, Calif.: : ‘ 16k Tee Tork crams l¥cy ne woe Geraldy ede Bont tagnaine te
a, Bipritghes of the varren Report. Los Angsles: . —we-ne-, Ghost of Comapiracy, A Critique of the Warren Commfaston Report, Englewood
Mes and x ine dowd atest Associated Professional Service, ; N.Je? Prentice Hall, 1965. (publication withdramn)
bey wring doubts questioning the verdict . : ' Malow, Richard, The Kennedy Assannination and the Warren Report. Washington: G.P.0.
ber itoper ete 66, pp. 364, ct of the Warren Ceunteoton,” Newnveek, : Mateus, Reysond, “The Bastard Bullet; a pearch for lop itinecy for Com{salon Exhibit 3
rer, Povid. “The barren Report: The Death of a President,” 1 Los Angeles: Rendell Publications, 1966.
coc ccmey panes ed + Eiberation, January Meagher, Sylvia, Accesnorien after the fact; the Warren Countenton, the suthoritied, 7
a aiter{al: The Warren Report...2" 1 the report. Indianapolie: BobboMerrill, 1947.
Piles, A, “ALIen Fallen angwere Uneeen py Liberation, March 1965, pp. 35, womm——,. Subject index to the Warren report and hearings and exhibite. New York: Se
te Sy 1966." C48, Neve and World Report, 19 Deccaeee eee from statements, Decenber Treas, 1966.
it'h, W, "the Warren Pepert Tren ee scaher by ps 20, Karl £ Mack. » "Spotli Ww " London, New Stat 2 Oct
Fie che eaenng Marrs Pebert.” “ektice, beershar 1964, pps 2é2, Maree ook, nee AMOI PorLight on Warrene » Roe seatenzen, eee

ets the Varren Com-iang
9-2 eerie a ee ae A es as f bal 7
Sion ond the esrablinhsent of truch, New York; « "The Warren Report: the Triumph of Caliban." New Leader, 12 Cctober 1964, p

aE ith :
‘

. . . . enns ays port Wi ques. iN.

a A Contsaaia Warren 2a busca da verdade, Trad. do Renato ' Mechel, Arertackve La John Keone Je _Renport Varren et seg critiques, §

Viking Fre

mote. rel

aie ctrald of the Gaenin cero eneyae baT. : Milla, And “Who killed Ke 2 The wv Re " Tre Magazine, De
. of the Warren Report?” Eaquire, Decesber 1966, pp. 204+, , 196? pp “32 2 le * Warren Report 40 Rinhte a,
ent | . . . . ’ i .

ete, 70 in Nalica: eper? an: 6 Critics Saturday Review Mo Buy
Feat Arnold L. EK n: : The Warren R z
Pp d ite ¢ . .

2) Sonuory 1967 p. %
“Ete publisher. faaue Warren pay ” : “ ” 5
Fis. 3.Py "An othees woe ae Panels terest, Publtshere! Weekly, 5 October 1964, pp. 43-44, Hook. caer dune De ee BOL and the Tegal Process," ane _ani Comment te
be at. € i Nivew.er 1964, pp. 35-97, *R Mov ren Comatesion Leport,” Saturday Review, Muhlen, Norbert. “Mord und Legende. Die Kritiker dea Warren-Reposts.” Frankfurt om
mt, Carrane, “Lanse Enda.” Greater Phi lad Der Monat, 17 (1965), 14-28,
~ me “The Warrer Cometagicn: the Troth eee Menazing, Jenuary 1967, "Myetery makers; J. Sparrow's evaluation of the Warren Commission report and ite criti
rent cg PE IEIA2: Cage proofs, 19667) ond Arlen Specter." Greater Philadelphia . Time, 22 Gecember 1967, p. 21.
ec", Gerald §. ard John Ry Stiles, Poreraten of an Annaced ov) Nash, George and Patricia, "The Other Witnenses.” The tiew leader, 12 Occober 1964, p
Prove 1983, ; OR rear PONE IRS New York: Simon and Schuster, 3 Nes York Tims, The Witnenses: The Highlights of Hearings belore the W-rren Cormisat
» Paul L. “The Warren Coemisaton and the Fourth Shot: A Reflecs the Aesassinntion of Preeident Kennedy, Nev York: Bantam Books, 1964,
Cat of Perenste Fact Finding.” kes York Univeredty Lov R leflection on the Fundamentals & “Mew York Times Rime 48 Pages of Report." Editor & Pubjisher, 3 October 1964, p, 61,
: ty Ghar’ea, An Frantnetiom of the Goatradics ecbaee titer reeked May 1965. : "Nightmare revisited; reenactment fer Warren Commasion.” Nevseweck, 8 June 1964, p. &
Catt oon a mond: world Publishing Coo Tee ee ena of the Werren Report, O’Brien, Conor Cruise, “Veto by Assassination?” Minority of oe, Decerber 1967, pp.
FP @ Warren Cons re - ” :
Gool-tl, KR. md AL, Wandharte et cert ae ta, 17 Septerber 1966, pp. 16-17, Oe eer, july 1908 pe POLE Report and Wearing.” Jonmel of Deter
Con Epstein and HW. Lene,” Bevorter, 15 ‘Decenber 1966, cn wrath lev; theories of 2.5, Oovald, Prank, "Kan man Seale pa Warren?" Verd-na Gang, 1964, pp. 274-279,
Tot, bw Revieg darren Corntsaton fro a Procedural Standpoine ” "We York Untverat roy Packer, Herbert ty me Warren Repores A Heagure of Achievencat,” Hntien, 2 Kovesbe
rvinw, May 94S, pp, 404-423, : ’ 7 Sore Univeraity = PP. 295-299.
= , ° 'e
. pore vee emeare 10) Kennedy Aosancination and the English Presa.” tow Quarterl Podhorett, Noreen . “The Warren Comiaaion, An Editorial,” Cowentary, January 1964,
Hm o's) Os Watren Winwtantentees 3, tee Quarterly . p. 24, .
es a Coemtaaton, 3 nt, 2 5 H
n "red That fooanra.,. NOM ar 2 ane Raa Fee 117-118, oe Forking ete "se Reekn, 20 July 1966, re ae the Couspireey Tehory. ccm
. " a ” Cc Ns emer ey “
Mee ae Seeatdonn," Bad nay Mecatne, Deea-hep rea, & i on the Ann-spination of the “Poroctlo Warrenove Komlatje.” Lichittanakt daeveik, 8 October 1964, pp, 258+275.
» Meat the Beereg gonart will] ah," 2,5 Yevn anMuocid “Reaction to Warren Corulasion Report. senior Sero'nstte, 14 October 1754, pe 17.
teen re 44d, : wie AE orid Pepert, 14 Septenber 1964, "Reeommwendation.” JAMA, 11 January 1965, p. let,
nner foramn Cowsisaten One-Bullet Theo: : “Reporting the Report Newownck, 12 October 1964 100-191,
ty Exploded," p iB port. = Neavewncre is c o PP. .
“p ap. 168-114, P o” Argesy Mogazine, July 1967, Rifkin, So Reply to M, Kempton. “Warren report: a cace for the prosecution.” Ney Pe
. . Nerakar 1¢ a

2 7 read the Warren Renert 9 weeteeei n+ oe

13-00000

$

“' ad and Solem duty, cervetand,
on t
J) Decerber 1963, np. want

‘aedria, V , :
o Vincent J. The Varren Report? a Thiladeiphie Layer Analyzes th

Back end Weck Wounds..." 1
. : ac sue Aber:
Arhoenzarn, Folrh, “let dor Watren-ine tee! rach Ar Mller eein,

Fret furger dete 20, 10,1(1965), 15-26,

z, as
Sear Jay, A Lepal rrer to the Pepore of th arren mraiseion. Jourmal of
a Wi Co: seion,

Rate the asanasination
of J, Kennedy," Iiwe,

Seahey, Alin Lay ‘
: le yct 8 Hotes on the Warren
1 “tips oneal, donee’ 1365, pas Report..." Ameriem far

S" eyen, Pekere L. "Frerstactent fe
gy villas
Peview, 22 July 1967, p. 46, US Nowe Inquiry:

: — the Warren Report,"
‘Tevooa, Ws David. “The War port.” Saturday

swith, p PP 12, 16, 16,
» RH. "Thinking the unthinkable: the Warren Conmisaion books,” Pp
; e
~ Ath, Jehan HAL After the
; Ager the Aqunseination; pp q id port
hew York: “erste peur insite # Ponitive appraiaanl of the Werren report,
tosh oF PP. 4046-524,
tes ‘ 5
2% OF the Yerren Cormission," Nation, 27 January 1964, ». 62
ee ee awe .
1968. rps Dar aac Lonvreintional Quarterly Weakly
- noe earre . P 2 Oc
“mon, George CC. The Curae for Truth: _
TE = tt arrest mape a
; ae Bonanvinseesd, Glendale, Califormta: C Cc. Thoaaon
‘oO8 CLINI esther: 3 :
g idfitn; rhotosraphe and X-Taye tutned over to the National Archi ”
Teoma, Antho: ‘ “
. Aww. "The Asge.
Moke @ 458 “s94nat fon, the Warren Commission and
. vtive, February 1967, Pp. 6~14, ane the public interest,”
Hh nhoet Keane dy ‘66284
Sy S6aatination; was the y,
theory?) vith interview of A. Specter.” ear vn an wees ree lo ace

10 October 1986, p. 55, wabiohers Week ‘
“Vrepoeiua on the W. z.
arten Copmigsion Report." New York Untversity Law Review May 1965
eee | nn P i]
“-et of Suvmsty of Warren Cormlssicn Report,"
Peeatdene Pome Aquitrieat look at the Marren Repert: or, How
Natian, 14 Noverber 1965, p. $90,
JfoomeFeper, Much PL “Slaventy &.
hPL, ONS pniy Warren Report,” Atiaa Fi
» February 1965, pp. 115-118
6b. poe annsae 28. Keva_and World Report, 10 October

-S. Presidere'a rae Ssicn on sassination re: in iv. cise Compendiun
4 issic- the sinaci
wis dere'a 6 q he Asse oP K A Comet Cc 4
mtn , cf sidene Kenned . 4 i
of the ssion Feport on the fan inaticn of John P. Kennedy, New Yorks

.
26 vole, Washington; G.0.P, 1964,

fm_of the Aasacets on of Pre iene Kennedy: Hearings be
a id
td hi i Sidene John F.
John
: ed fore

Yarron Fenort on che Ase

ao C ten Garder, City,
ae ten Cemtaaten om th

ee !

With added cierriat prepared by the New 7

New York: MIOrwarHt 11, 1964, , .

 S2Trch ef the Practdane's Caged i

we EERE S Cometsgicn aa th
ee ee ON ea e Assassination of President John

Resort: — Ren 6 _ Camp: le 5 pre.
erort af th “ iseton, New York: As aocilated an
ul: “oA,

sination of President
me msident John F, Ke

Doublutav, Tes, sansa,
aw tnatt-n of Preaident Kennedy,

tk Tinen exclusively for this edition,

aren *
selected ard e¢

ed fron the Warren Coemt fs by
eee ssicw hearings b

: aT ae tle Errardims den Pranidenten Jnhn F, Kennedy
al ciara eel aX. holn: Kicpenhever & Witech, 1964 7
--. “darren Perert te Fead: Warren Report," Life, 16 October 1966, | :

eall for nae not enough; voices speaking in contradicet aia
Se 4 to or te srot inet kenr, Life, 7 Octoder 1366 Seton of report;
a wate atom. Nation, 28 Decesher 1963, pp. 443 + Pe 38,

Toma ne? February 1964, Pe 4 . ‘
ee the death of JK." Senator Scholagt
: plastic, 18 November 1964, pp.

“es Comstseton Repore.!

Tine, 2 October 1964, Ep. 45-50.

fon fic cole of the prea: in

7 ‘fhe asa: a
In Gross, Gerald, ed. The PAd ati of Preotdent
» 1956, at the Pres, liew

~ i Paraffin test unse H
nrg Ietter, oO eee ieee a eee killing etil1 a mystery." Science

e Preatent's
uber den Tod Prosiudcne tennedys Glaubwurdig?*

ven Feport: Letters
From Readers," Comréorary, April 1967,

ration of & d ‘
ir wo resident Kennedy. Washington,

-—-- --

me

. Amalric, J. Review of L'afftaire Onvald, by Leo Sauvage.

as

"Warren Comission Report: Verdict, One Hm Alone.” World Week Hagazine, 7 October 1964,
Pp, 9-10,

"Warren Commission: Tertinony ond evidence.” Tim, 4 December 1964, pp. 25+27.

“Warren Fingdingns some new facta,” U.S, Newn and Wartd Repert, 6 July 1964, pe dd,

“Warren Report: A Measure of the Achievement; with editorlal coment,” Nation, 2
November 1964, 290-295,

“Warren report; comment.” Cormenveal, 9 Octoher 1964, p. 59. 8

“The Warren Report: How to Murder the Medical Evidence." Current Medicine foe Attomeys,
November 1965, pp. 1-28,

“The Warren Report: Letters from Readers, Conmrentary Mapazing, April 1967, pp. 7-12.

“Warren Report Wrong, College Teacher Says." Laas Angeles Tiwana, 17 Noverber 1967, p. 18.

"Warren's Secret." National Review, 7 April 1964, pp. 265-266,

“Washington News: Kennedy Shot Twice in the Back,” JAMA: 4 January 1964, p. LS.

Weaver, John D. Warren: The Man, The Court, The Bara. Boston: Little Brown (n.dj

Weisberg, Harold, The Report on the Warren Keport: or The Six Wise Men of Industan. 1965

eoveeee, Whitewash, the repare on the Warren Pepart, Hyattstown, Md, 1965.

Weat, John R. Death of the President. The Warren Commisalon on Trial, Covina, California

Collectors Pub., 1967,

White, Stephen, Should ve Believe the Warren Report?” New York: MacMillan, 1968,

D, LEE HARVEY OSWALD

»

Atlaa, October 1965, pp. 249-250

Ansbacher, Heinz and Rowena R,, David and Kathleen Shiverick, "Lee Harvey Oswald: An
Adlerian Interpretation.” Psycholanalytic Review, $3, no. 3 (1964), 55-68.

“Assassination, as the plot unfolda: case against Oavald: How the President was shot.”
U.S, News and World Report, 9 Decerber 1963, pp. 68-71,

"Attorney for Oswald.” Time, & March 1964, p, 47.

Bachmann, Ida, “Hvem Myrdede Praeaident Kennedy?
Frit Danmark, 22, no. 10 (1963-64), 1-3.

“Boy, Don’t You Know I'm on Camera?" New Republic, 29 February 1964, p. 7.

Chapman, Gil and Ann, Was Orvald Alone? San Diego: Publishers Export Company, 1967,

Cooke, Alistair. “Oswald had Psychopathic Personality: no evidence of conspiracy.”
Hancheater Guardian, 27 November 1963, p. 11.

“Counsel For Oowald.” U.S. Newa_and World Report, 9 Harch.1964, p. 16,

Ducovny, Amram and Leon Friedman, "The Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald (A Play).” Playbill
Mapazine, 4, no, 11, 12.

Feldman, Harold, "Onwald and the FBI." The Natton, 27 January 1964, pp. 26-89.

Graham, J.J. "Acquittal for Oswald; Conceming the movie ‘Rush to Judgment',”

Commonweal, 21 April 1967, pp. 149-151,

“Did pregse presaure kill Osvald?"” U.S. News and World Report, 6 April 1964,

Grove, L.
pp. 7&79, e

Hastings Michael, Ine larvey Oswald: A Far Streak of Independence Aronght on by Neglect.
Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1966. .

"He waa my brother: excerpts form Lee (R.L. Oswald and others), Look, 17 October 1967,
pp. 62-664,

Hewes, Henry. “The Theatre: Sensing History," Saturday Review, & May 1968, p. 40,

Holmes, John Clellon, "The Silence of Oswald.” Plavboy, Noverber 1965, pp. 101-102,

222, 224.
“If Meuvald had lived, could Inparcial Jury lave Been Found to Try Him.” Broadcasting,

6 January 1964, pp. 52-53.

Jackaon, Donald. "The Evolution of an Assassin.” Life, 21 February 1964, pp. 68A-80.

doesten, Joachim, “Laznti Osvald," fslohodente, 21 (19646), 5297-5938,

meeemm=, Marina Oswald. London: Dawnay, 1967.

manne. Onwald:  Anasansin or Fall Guy?" New York: Marzani end Munsell, inc., 1964.

aenmm—n, Minwald: The Truth. London: Dawnay, 1967.

Jolnaon, Priscilla, "Aawald in Moscow,” Harper's, April 1964, pp. 46-50.

Kempton, 4.0 "Oawald, May We Nave Sem: Facta, Pleane." Yew Republic, 13 Joe 1964, pp. 13

Lane, Mach, "Onwatd Innocent? A Lawyer's Brief." Katimnal ardtian Weekly, 19 Decerrer

“Lee Opvald's Widew tella her story; eurmary of testimony by Marina Oswald.” US. Neve en
World Peport, 17 February 1964, p. 19.

Ya Manna, Roper and Gene Ringgold. Ansansin, The lee Harvey Orvald Bieprinhy. Hollywood
Associated Professional Services, 1964.

McBirnie, Dr. W.5. What Was ehind Lee Harvey Oavald? The author (a,d.3

MacDonald, Dvight. "That Onvald Paternity Cane.” Kev Republic, 29 february 1964,

Ee Defensorat for Oswald Indleveret.”


13-00000

io

nonaid pnd the weight of evidence." Newave=c,

7a, tary Publication Sire Furor.” Fatt
on D . Mhor
mos Milling Discussed." Sofrace Neen Dating} rete i Pe Ae

rua myttery grows deeper and deeper ® ire ‘ rort, 30”
nea ° per.” U.S. Neva and Vorld R,
Paste sire Anaingt the Warren Connlesion.? New Tener, 20 Becher 19ehe vet Pr AS.

. Jo, he Onwald Cane Should be weopcned!™ Dionne "ey,
tngane, H geent 13, no. 5 (1966),

meee et Lee Onvalg." 7 April 1964, p, 265.

Phin, Richard H, The Second Sivald. New Oks, 6

+ Tae Se Pawald, York:
Rsynolds, futh, "The Cosald kiddie. ™ Coronet, ¥, ony on ee
Mar 967, pp. 122-127,

Fava, " "
—— “Tharsis teeta icant <aih_u-rijedu, 25 August 1965, pp, 694-695,
et : Sic _au Rapport Yacren, Paria: Lea Editions de Minuit,

9 December 1963, pp. 36+,

1945,

wwenes Geeucht:  fkenna a Marder 0.
es none dy fe
: The Oweld Af alr,
stone, The Oneal’ Affair:

Affaire Cevald Vien, Munchen:
. eee March 1964, pp, 55-56,

Pn _exerination of the cent dt

eee We Pree. Cleveland: World Publiahine Comey ae Sninsions_of che
"The Second Orvstas an Bochange of Lovee nae” EOPEED 2 JonUAry 1966, pp, 26-26,
Se. B Cters.” Now York Review of Books, 6 October 1966,
{tes, Paul,
sayder, Lb.

Molden, 1967,

Lee Ustvey Cavald and the A
“Lee Csvald's Colles cee eee

. April 1965, Pp. 68-73,
“atrev, Jota HA, "Making Myateries about Onvald,"

“safferd, Jean, a Marcher in Hijet
: . p History. :
A feras Joan stem Lendon: Chatto 6 Windus, 1966,

Lat . Marguerite Oswald.” MeCalJ'
Seranse World of Lee Oswald: More Light on the Asocaninatinn, ae ies oa
Beccrt, 16 December 1963, pp. 60-62, ° Semen and world

~™ehili, eee yee Harvey Ald wan ive been acquitte or the our ine oO ohn F.
. ny I. Ha Orvald idh b. 1 df hi di f John F
wow 2 e! tu the

“~ amiley, Kerr Chicago: ‘
wypeneeys heres ¥. RO: New Classics Mouse, 1965 1
re wareng aerten. Rey Repetltc, 29 February 1064, pevkget |
mmrmtesion’s Case Against Oswald." New Leader 22:8
Ne ’ overber 1965, pp. 16-2).

“a9 Cawald Culley? A Judictal §
1983, po. s9ercate urming up of the Warren Report.” New Statesman, 12 March

“eek an the Sun; Varguerite Oswaid's Te: ony,”
: P tt °
“eat, Jesancyn. “Marinas Cavald Porter: ‘seven
seat on ee 229-132, 134-135,
Cavata vella, Manuel, Quten dio el £

Colusbi ana, 1967, seth a cevels?

New York: Pageant Pr
Wow Science ha- led Kennedy's Killer,” Popular fctorcs
a .

Atlas, March 1965, pp. 173-174,

Newsweek, 7 December 1964 2
$ . >» PP. 2830+, _
even Years After Dallas," Redbook, August 1970,

Bogota: Editorial Revistal

E, JACK RUBY

7 Aeaasination: A Nenentity for Hi " 2
ard, Suttle, "Verdict on Jack Ruby ere oie pe art

“Te Malete th eng ee, Carcolis 27 March 1963, pp. 32-34, 348, TOA~T71, 74,

Dallan Jencic
Trim, aes ten. Hterp| we The Peal Story of Jack Ruby and Hie

*Iram, 5. “Tells tla Public Relations = =
February 1eben at Pn ons Role in Rub? Casw." Editor and Publisher, 2
fcltahaa, Pry Join iW. "Dia Jack Ruby Kil :

. RUD ] the & ”
7 phy PR. 27, 96-101, sere mn’
7 Psy Teh?” Sunda Tineg 9 October 196
. . _ & } :
“. hlios, Sanford, “who Kiiled Jack Ruby?" bend x

7 : . Poal Magazine, Apri] 1967
et, Fiunic, "The Last s Hi Renu ‘pebruary 19
. tee doers, Madnesa of Jack Puby.” The ‘iew Pe ublic, 11 February 1967,

"00 werd Jenks tesed
1964, 5, 40,

Life,

Argoav, September 1967,

mony of Jack Ruby to the Warren Commission.” Tine, 28 August

Ko cana, Emece,

Sw "8, Elppt, Someone of Madnena: :
Tree. People vs. Jack Why,

Gores. Clmer aad Wayne B, “Lerptetro,

Chicago and New York: Follere,

° sche Trial of ‘State Canes': A Postscript on the

2 memewnews LG,.no. 2 (Spring-Summer 1967), 265

Te ferme Nuby Wi ‘ : t rere

oD reblasge iia wo Meet the Chase of a Long Deal Scott,” Hife,

“ra, Joachin. the 7. Out the Case of lack Ry
ES 2 eas oe

\
t ad
9 nie of La Verieé Sur leCas de Jack Buby.

Barta: [d!tle: Cantersin, 167.

Ruby Triad.’® PePaul Lew

.

no
 @ing the guns prey 3 Mer, ‘
. > FFeatture dimlosures," te Atweeh, :.3 July 1964, p. 50,

“1, Joba sad Joo BR, Wales,

The Trtal af Jack Zuby. New Yorks, MacMillan, 1965,

i
A

*"Radio-TV Newarmen Teattfy in Ruby Trial.”

21

Kempton, Murray. “Noy, Den't You Know I'm on Coseral™ Rew Republic, 29 February 3964,
s——--. “The Digposeble Jack Ruby.” Spectator, 13 Jomunry 1967, pe 35.
————.- "Ruby, Oswald, and the State,” Spectator, 2] October 1966, pp. 506-507.
Levis, Richard Warren, “A Pleshy Lasyer for Osvald'a Killer." Saturdey Rvening Post,
8 February 1964, pp. 28-30.
Linn, Edvard, "Appointment in Dallns: The Untold Story of Jack Ruby." Seturday Eventi
Port, 25 July 1964, pp. 24-26, 28, 33, 16-37, 40, 48-47. ‘
Popa, Stefan, "Dallas 'Paziti'l Sine pe Ruby." Limea, 26 March 3964, pp. 10-21.
—-——. “Dallas: Preceaut Ruby.” Lunea, 27 Pebruary 1964, pp. 6-9.

“Public Relations Firm Sets Press Rules for Ruby's Trial." Edtter and Prhiteher,

28 December 1963, p. 9.
"Radio-TV Barred from Ruby Trial." Broadcasting, 23 Decesher 1963, p. 56.
Brondeasting, 16 March 1964, ps 74,

Revere, Guy. "Jack Ruby: The Mafio’s Han In Dallas. Saga, March 1967, pp. 28-31, 86

90, a

"Ruby and the King of Torta." Timea Literary Supplement, 17 Harch 1966, p. 221,

"Ruby Death Verdict: A TV Spectacular.” Fditor snd Publisher, 21 March 1964, ps lls

"Screen Test.” Newsweek, 10 February 1964, p. 60. .

Stem, R. Le Proces Ruby~Pallas. Kapellan, Belgium: Beckers, 1967, |

‘What's your source?"; preaature publication by Journal-American of Ruby's Testimony
before Warren,” Newnveck, 31 August 1964, pp. 66-69,

Wills, Gary and Ovid Demaris, "The Disposal of Jack Ruby.” Enquire, June 1967,

Wille, Gary and Ovid Demario, Jack Ruby. Nev York: Kew Ancrican Library, 1968, '

Worthington, Peter. "The Limelight: Why Jack Ruby's Firat Erial Couldn't Happen Here.
Maclean's, 18 April 1964, pp. 3-4.

"You All Know Ke. I'm Jack Ruby.” Pegquire, May 1967, pp. 79-87, 1532-164.

P. QUESTION OF CONSPIRACY

“Any number can play: question of whether the essessination was the work of one man,”
Revaveek, 7? Noverber 1966, pp. 37738.

Berendt, John. “If They've Found Another Assassin, let them Name Names and Produce the!
Evidence." Esquire, August 1967, pp, 80-82.

Besson, Waldenar, “Die Schusse von Dalles. War eine Werschvérmmg dea Hesses om verk?"
Die Zeit, 19, ao. 33 (1964), 6.

Buchanan, Thowaa G. Who killed Kennedy? New York: Putnam's, 1964,

Carlos, Newton, A Connpiracao, Rio de Janeiro: J. Alvaro, 1964,

Cutler, Robert B. The Flight of CZ399: Evidence of Conapiracy, Beverly, Mane.’
Print, 1969.

- Iwo Fliphtpatha: Fvidence of Conspiracy. Danvers, Masa, Mirror Prese, 1971

Davis, Nord, Jr, Dallea Cenapiracy. Hollie, N.yt The author, cnedo

Epstein, Edward J. Counterplot. New York: Viking Preee, 1969,

Fairlie, H. “No connpiracy but perhaps two aseassins?” New York Tima Maparine, 12
Septeaber 1966, pp, 5255+,

Goldberg, Arthur, Conaptrary Interpretations of the Asaryeination of Preaident Kennedy:
International and Porestic, University of California Security Studies Project
Paper Numer 16, Los Angeles: University of California, 1968.

Gosset, P. and R. Lthorre qui_crut tner Kennedy. Paris: Prenace de le Cité, 1967.

Hartogs, Renatus ond Lucy Freeman, Jhe Tyo Anrasatna, New York: Crowell, 1965,

Hermann, Kal. "Wer war Kemedys Morder?” bie zeit, 19, no. 15 (1964), 7.

Hi11, Richard J and Charles M, Bonjean, "News Diffusion: a Test of the Regularity
Hypothesio." Journaliam Quarterly, 42, no. 3 (1964), 7.

Karp, Irwin. “Debate over Dallas: Theorfes of John Sparrow and Sylvia Meagher.”
Saturday Review, 9 March 1968, pp. 113-114,

Lauzon, A. "Omwald a-t-il tue Kennedy?" Hackon'a, Harch 1964, pp. 1-2.

“A Matter of Reasonable Douhr," Revu Magazine, 20 Jenuary 1967, pp, 18-26.

“More than one men." America, 7? Deceaber 1963, p. 722.

“Mythaakera; myaterious deaths of people involved in case," Tiere, 11 November 1966,
pp. 33-34,

“New Lipht on Second Aanangin Theory,” A World

“Hew Orleans and the Cubans: Who waa ready to Help Cavald,
1967, p. 12,

“Phantanmaporia; cho murdered Kennedy?” Tim, 25 Noverber 1966, pp. 34=35,

“Policas Ubil Kennedija?” Veeeinit Saratevrki lint, 24 December 1964, pp. 298-300.

Murder, Murfreesboro, Tean.: Sword of the

Rica, Joha R. What Wan Rack of Kennedy's
Lord Publishers, 1964,

Onni-

U.S, Neva and World Report, 29 May 1967, p. 14.
Tue Tinea, 29 February

13-00000

Themes, Harford. “Chance or denten?™ Monchenter Cuardian
7 ° srreenteecutrdian, 28 September 1966, p,

“owen, Jont-\. “The Crons Fire thet Killed !r-sident Kennedy; veacerpte pad tad
an pent net late” Saturtny Frentng 2ent, 2 Decenher 1967 pp. 27-31,

m Preanion, JH. "Did Lee Warvey Cavaid Act without telp™ Hew York Und vers3 ty Lane
vseedtens Teer et 84 Ren 3 (1965), 466-467, 7 -
“Mer # (ue men alone,” Senfor Schotaetic, 7 October 1966
volpsetny Nae x The Plot te Ki Ir, Ghicngo: Novel Books, 496300

“levers, Harold, “Kennedy lurder: Buried Preof ” f

pp. 2891, TOD, $2 eget ECOs of a Conspiracy!" sa A» April 1967,

eee Orvald in P i
" Rocha AEF eof Comapizncy with the CIA, with the CIA, New York:

Mclrh, David and David Lifton. “The Care for Three Assassins,” Jaruary 1967, pp. 77-100.
se font o7

“why @ plot vas f
1964, athe vhen Kennedy was Shot," U.S. News and Horld Report, 6 January

Ceayon

G. JIM GARRISON

“ALL the elerents,"
timanse of #f

seek, 10 March 1969, PP. 36+,
inventionation into the wsansination of John F
Kuntin: Reaearele Pub Lee ee Ee Kennedy: the
yduntine Research Vublleationa, 1968, a the
an
be Mega atren, Anything in Conon?" Minority of One, October 1967,

a Apaaswination: Rourk "
ytaeetnathen: "Macy ne MendLinene™ unset 1 arch ine? Poe hat,

1387, me eh vestigation: How end Why it Begon." New Orleens, April
an eae ne sairtaon's inveatigation of a plot to kill JFK,” Nevaverk, 15 May
“ser, Milten BL othe Ger a : ’
or Eig be Mew ovieint lin Onittien'e” Taceetigetons” emseehs"6 March 1967, ps 32,
oth ents Sail air yeit tee ye ne
trom, Je rod nC, Giriss, "iw Orieane: xcraene wrnosce ee vent Beare

week, 17 March 1969, p, 108, ee” | APFED 1967, pp. 17-20,

“¢cvsting Big Jia."
‘crteins for the LA; phy
2969, p29. yaiciens exarine photogrephe and X-raye," Hewsveek, 2? January

"4, Wins a Rowads Jie Garriacn's 1 " e

: 2 5 avest "

way Iteration," Tire, 7 March 1969, pre peed, Tints 24 March 1967+ pps 17-28,
I-?fome Defendere,* Tevaveek, 26 February 1969, r. 33,

‘rend, Willdam FP, Se. “ine P
» ne Preas: Uts Actions anc Reactions," Nev Orlesna, April 1967,

Pp. 12-33, $2253,

fortsing Ebverd tae. "Gated "oN I
° 300, eas, a lew Yorker, 13 July 1968, pp, 35-49, 42, 49-52, 54-56,

“- © of the durricose,” Nevewnek, 3 March 1969, op, 244,

Fi-veende, Paris, 7 Fernie ly
- 2 aS COPIPL TAT: An unrominaioned report on the J: hiast
New York: Meredith Prene ,* 1969, a2 Gatrisen

Jnvestiz
Gervtoon, Jial a anf Stone, New York: Puthan, 1970,
Evideure; excerpts from atatemente,” Reporter, & February 1968, p. 10.

2 “haw Oflea
risen Crder Fire,” Zhr_Feavowtac, 25 Fel-ruary 1967, p. 730.

{aor vs, the feople,” Thee 44 March 1969
o yg : 29
("re rd, Alex, "Chey Sime Tolle His Story." Thateee WVUE
a Te . Transc:

Genre} 21, New Crleans, 11 March 1969. ripe of TY teterview, Station ,

» Jiu Garrlaon Tella iis Story.” Transcrizt
4 of Tv

. eenel 1:2, Kev Orleans, 13 March 1969, J interview, Staton me
Ir cacniveble conn vance,” Tirn, 12 January 1968, Pp. 14,

Tra, Evelyn. “Several Plote™ Clairs District Attorney," Send, Timen, 26 February 1967,

dro, Fonerary md Jack dD, Wordlaw, Plet ar Politicn? The Carrinjon Case an. ts cast, -
AS 7 2 q di
New Orleens; Pelican Publication, 1967, > ,

Jvctag 7
R, Tanchin, The Gerrt The Truth and Crnsequencea, Landon: Perer Dawnay, 1967.

clears Shaw,” fe, 2l Merch 1 ome 16,

4, Jamea, —

hee Tse Accent of the Gay Shmv-Jip Garrison Affair in the

eo a Lisnardtee ~ Mev Yorks” Siren and Sehupl ar, 1970, —
mu * wea a Lut Jim Garrisen,” Luna, June 1967, pp, 97-100,

"am Mag Loved Fenn-4y
‘OC Gree Séanaa." Np 29 4? February 1969, p. 36, .

‘ON the Kennedy dasroginal
4S, Neen pnd Uaeta tion chargea, concerning Jim Garriaen‘a Tv. broadcaae."

Ties, 21 February 1989, p. 18,

sone pee ee

23

"More than a Man in the Dock," Tine, 16 February 1969, pp. 25-25,

“Nev Orleams Plot." Sentor Scholastic, 14 April 1967, pp. 18-19.

Norden, Eric, “Jim Garrison: A candid conversation with the Eobattled Diatrict Attorne:
of New Orleans.” Playtioy, October 1967, pp. 59+.

“Odd Company.” Time, 10 March 1967, p. 24,

Phelen, Jaaca. "To Old New Orleans: The Vice Man Cometh.” Saturday Evening Pont, 8 Jur
1963, pp. 67-71,

Powledge, PF. “Ie Garrison Faking?" New Pepublic, 17 June 1967, pp. 13-18,

Roberts, G. "The Case of Jim Garrison and Lee Oswald,” Neu York Times Ha azine, 21 May
1967, pp. 32-35,

Rogers, W. “Persecution of Clay Shaw." Lock, 26 August 1969, pp. 53-5h+,

"Round One," Newnweek, 3 February 1969, p, 31, . :

"Shutting Up Big Houth,"” Tiee, 25 August 1967, pp. 48-51.

"Sideohowa in New Orleans,” Tim, 31 January 1969, p. 40.

“Sifting Fact Pron Fantasy: Use of Truth Druge in Jia Garrison's Investigation.” Tire,
31 March 1967, p. 41.

“Sleight of Hand: Jim Garrison's Assasaination Investigation Extends to FBI and CIA,"
Newaweek, 22 May 1967, p, 40,

"Smiling through, ° Newnweek, 27 January 1969, pp. 27-25,

Smith, Merriman, “Jim Garricon and Wis Sources of Evidence." Manchester Cunrdian, 18
1967, ps 2. ;

"Talea of Garrison,” The Economint, 25 March 1967, p. 1145,

"A Taste for Conopiracy." Ilewrenck, 20 March 1967, p. 76. .

“Thickening the Plot: Judges support Jim Garrison's plot Theory." Newoveck, 27 Merch 191
p. 37. . .

Turner, Willies W. "Garrinon Comaisaion on the Assassination of President Kennedy...”
Ramparta, January 1968, p. 43,

"Tyo For the Seenmy," Newmurck, 3 July 1967, p. 82.

"What Conapiracy? Testioony of Perry Ruano," Nevraveek, 24 February 1969, p. 33.

“What Garrison Proved." New Republic, 15 March 1969, p. 9.

Young, Roger.. “The Investigation: Where Lt Stands Today." New Orleena, July 1967, pp.

H, WILLIAM MANCHESTER

PL'Affaive Manchenter."” Triveph, Jonuary 1967, p. 7.
"ha the book appears: a close look at the facta; concerning The Death of » Pregident,

by Williom Menchenter," U.S, N-wn_ mid World Report, 23 January 1967, pp. 50-52
“The Assagsination, The Donk,” Nevavech, 10 April 1967, pp. 34-35,
"The Aanssaination; Who Can Understand It?" Nevnvec’, 16 January 1967, pp. 28-29.
"Battle of the Book; Manchester's The Death of a President.” Tim:, 23 December 1966,

pp. 15-18,

Bennett, Arnold. Jackie,  Rebhy and Manchester; The Story Behind the Headlines, New Yor

Bee Line Books, 1967,
“Book that backfired; concerning Reath of a President by Willies Hanchester.” U.S. Revs

and World Report, 26 Dacesber 1966, p. 36.

Cafiero, L..  “Manchenter Book Alledges Com Lag Day JEK Killed.“ Electronic News, 3 Apt
1967, p. 22,

Cannon, Jacea K, and Edward Kosner. “Manchester‘s Own Story.” Neveweck, 30 January 1967
pp. 21-24,

Churchill, Randolph S,_ "The Hanchester Book,” The Timer, 13 February 1967, pe 13, 14
February 1967, p. 11, : .

Coit, Margaret L. “Hoverber 22, 1963." Saturda Review, 15 April 1967, pp. 30-31,

Collins, RS. "Kennedy va, Fook, Manchester, Harper & Row; an Inforval Gloseary of Press
Relattonun Techniqueo.” Public Retations Journal, April 1967, pp. 13-15.

Cooke, Alistair, “Fresh Shots in Kennedy Book Battle.” Manchester Guardian, 24 January

1967, p. 9.

“ra. Kennedy Suffers Grief She Sought to Avoid.” Manchenter Guardian, 21

December 1966, p. 7.

Cory, J. “Manchester Affair," Soturday Review, 9 Septerber 1967, p. 61.

Cunliffe, Marcun, "A courtler's obsequics,” Review of Denth of a Prestdent). New

Society, 20 April 1967, pp. 580-581.
“Death of a President; Excerpts from the Introduction to the Annual Report of the Librart

of Congrens For the Piacal Year Ending June ¥, 1964." Library Journal, August

1965, pp. 3173-3176.
"Eines PeBsidenten Reise in den Tod; Willian Manchester bericitet dle valle wahrhett she


13-00000

. >
Traherntine, damerh,
Peta, Arnold L,
Ted Over fe

- "Leak UHUpht free Pallas." Hew Pe
Ma lepsl Right of Privacy." Sativa
ftltratdent. Intenst fies an Manche

le, 22 April 1967, pp, 20-22,

ter A

-atka Kenuedy Pamily and Aids,"

; y T. WO Jenuery 2967, pp. 88-29,
ethrcith, Juba pe eo Am. Kennedy Jus eo n Lslis! cy,
th uy Was kK dy Justified in Bringing Sufet" satued: Review,

. Nardetel, BMincSeth. "Blew Th. Hee York P
tere . Pe Dee vork Pevles of Reoka, 20 April -
“aphea, Ed. “Trelata of Gevervrent in Foile Tacclenn Battle moeveen ens Ren tay re
. , and ¥, “oncherter,” Neeoveek, 6 Febtuary 1967 p. 20, nedy Pantly
we Hol tay fplrit." Nevaveek, 9 January 1967, p. 25 uo
™ to Lona over: Leng rrening row ter's
re as, r over Manchester's Buck,” Reumerek, 6 February 13967,
“In the ttours ACeer Dalles: “the Book and
H the Tenant 3
7 by Wo, tenchester.” U.S. 4 key
Jacqueline Kernety's Victory." Eee
sw aten, Joachin. The Cane Ap 2 Xpgnes. 5 °
Tepe Levine he eet eee bat conedy Clon. Munich: Tha author hd
“be Keaedys: Temporary cenec Fire ne Seg ope 202,” PPe 26-29.
opkind, Aadrew. "The Kernedy ‘Peak. Patties a stmt “On beeeaher 136
ante bevarts rJecqurl tae A. Fennedy, Plaintl fi T Tinea %6 Decerber 1966 0
ensier, Paul, he Parts That W he”
| , ioe hat Were left Out of the Kennedy Book," Realiet, May 1967,
‘tarzan, Fetec. "A Brilifant Honate of event,”
heey “Airth Pains of o Beek,"
a 4e Stained Gleas Image,"

cit_end Ver d Report, 20 February 1967 = .
rock, 2 Jewry 1967, PP. 16-19. Pe Sie 32,

ra Monazineg, 8 April 1967, p. 3,
ew, 9 Septerber 1967, p. 61,
S, August 1967, pp, 4-7,

4 bled Callauy
merrater, Williaa, "“Willisn Manchester's Own Story." Look, 4 Apedl 1567 rp. 62-66
Seren . » FP. °

wntherter Beal: ewpite Flava and Error, a Story That to Larger than Life or Death." Tine
. ee!

7 ApELl 1967, pp, 22-73,

arher, Sylvie, Alter the Bectle, The Book,” The “inority © Mme, June 967, pp. 25, 27,
. 4 y of 1
%. Renne!y heaches Accerd with Harper & Row snd Wtlliea Manchester, Publishora Veeck. »
23 Jéaunsy 1967, p. 222.

“sins, Allan, ersyecctuin, Moves gi
M paul 180), ope Pa t and Useful, but s0 exipperating.” Panorama Ha azine,

Tonthy Je, We Private G ny
. ern ele Grief of Public Figures." Saturdry Review, 21 January 1967, pp.

“ttutle: Soreatine Sontroveray,"!
5s nef aye” Tine, 6 January 1967, pp. 16-27,
. Sa Peri Ad is Book of the Century." Thie_Yeok Mopacine, 7 January 1967, pp. 6-7,
AB, Picherd }, ter Guile and Depth Reactiin to the Devth of a Preaident uo .
ic cr Mytie Review, Pall 1966, pp. 81-82, _ —
" Faguire, June 1967, pp. 244,

irhe Ah that Bonk; Concerning The Death
' wie ; J ar , of a Pres
leedia, wena eam” £ fous gud Herida Fovort, 6 Februaiy 1967, aos mee

pre Sansa. J ne News, ‘Mr. Manchester.” New Statenmin, 21 April 1967,

“hme, Beebora W "The lita ' zy."
pp. 27. 3i, 71, orien'e Opportunizy.” Saturday Ravtew, 25 February 1967,

~ Calder, Lavrence, The Untold Story: why K
: far’ hooks, & ory: why the Kianedys Jost the Book Ratele, New York:
, are ver a meme LL Tive, 17 February 1967, p. -78.
fy + @uthor; noaceriiog ¥. x‘ ! W2cholaatic

wie ‘ Tanaety men ay Manchester's Reeth of a Preatdent." Senior Scholastic,
1 iid, Cary. "Muchester's Upheaval," Na
eae 4 e  Mationa) Catholic Reporter, 29 March 1967

rm, Francis. “¥enchester and the Kennedya.” Sunday Tinea, 15 January 1967, 'pe 10."

eee adeennene an onn! - . °

1, LYNDON PAINES JCUNSON

towing Rite of Lay end Kennedy: Pehind the Furor over a Book, Concermming the Death of

ELPxeeiscat, by wn Ks ad i
“7 ~~ b iencheater,"” U,5. Sewn _end Yorld Report, 2 January 1967,

Hoss, Se Evetts, A Team book y Stud2 An weaken Rewer
o « me hme: AAC . donz A Feud: 2 = :
» Fato firs 2 W%,y 1264, sata sated AD Biisgteteate Fore. Canyon, Texas:

fone Apainet Lesunn Be Jet "1
Ved et SON Es Jcmaon inkbic Assasnineed
ie ee ee nation of President

mE. Ishnson. Londo: Peter Dewnay, 1966,

2g : tere te oe
~ ‘ crite The Cosresa: addreas delivered before a-fot ts
: dotie Haan ul fepresmtatives, Washington: G.P.0., i363 a

Irv, 2k Janusry 1967, pp. 26-27,

Concerning The Peath of a Prenident,

Hevaverk, 26 Decerder 1366, pp. 39-43,

a Pr f Wiliine Manchester Charges Outdoor Life
eau Toward a Natisaal Tragedy.” Outdosr Life, October 1967,

oe ae we gee cee

. Lomax, Louie, To Kil} a Black

Johnson, LB. "“Preaident'’s Proclamation, June 6, 1968," Vital Speechea, 15 Tune 1964,

“Johnson takes oath ae nation mourns Kennedy," Senlor Scheliatic, 6 December 1963, p.

Knebel, F Letcher, “After the Shota: *he ordeal of Lyndon Johnson." Lock, 10 Mareh 19
Pps 26-28+, .

"LBJ on the Asscssination.” Newaveek, 11 May 1970, p. 41. .

Lincoln, Evalyn. Kennedy and Johnson, Wew York: Rinehart & Winston n.d,

McReynolds, D. “New York Letter: Macbeth in the White House.” Saturday Night, Deceab:
1966, pp. 22-23. ;

TT, MARTIN LUTHER KING

“Accused killer, a clumsy man with closed eyes.” Life, 26 April 1966, p. 423.

Adamo, S.J. "Measuring up the Catholic Presa and Rev. Martin Luthar King, Jre" Americ:
4 May 1968, p. 624,

"Aa 150,000 naid farevell to Dr, King." U.S, News and World Report, 22 April 1968, pp.
38-39, .f

"Aenassination,” Time, 12 April 1968, pp. 18-2).

“Assassination according, to Capote.” Tine, 10 May 1968, p. 65.

“Assaseination shocks nation; vith quotations.” Seninr Scholastic, 25 April 1968, pp.
18-19,

Bennett, Lerone, Jr. "Hartyrdom of M.L. King.” Eheny, Nay 1968, p. 174,

aon. What Manner of Mant A Blopraphy of HIK. Chicago: Johnaon Pub, Co., 2968,

“Big Munt for mystery killer,” U.S, Neva and World Report, 29 April 1968, pp. 8F.

Blair, Clay, The Strange Case of Jara Earl Ray, New York: Bantam Books, 1969,

Boutelle, P, et al, Murder in Memphin. ;tl.p. Merit Publications, 1968,

Brown, Mra, Julia. Pleroe Dene licip Glorify Martin Luther King. TACT Coumittee. yo.d.

Cameron, J.M. “Britiah view on Martin Luther King.” Crmmonverl, 26 April 1968, p. 164,

Clarke, J.W, and J,W, Soule, "How Southern Children felt about King's Death.” Trans-Ac
October 1960, pp. 35-40. . -

"Deepening myetery of Dr. King's Assansination.” U.S. New md World Penore, 27 May
1968, p. 10.

"Did Ray Kill King?" Naticnal Review, 23 April 1968, pp. 376+.

“Doctor King.” National Reviev, 23 April 1968, pp. 376+. .

"Doctor King’s murder: nagging questions remain.” U.S. News and World Recort, 24 March
p- 13.

Halberstan, M. "Are you guilty of murdering Martin Luther King?” New York Tinee Magert
9 June 1968, pp. 27-29+.

Hole, W.B, “Story of Seres Earl Ray and the plot to aseogsinate Martin Luther King.” L
26 Noverber 1968, pp. 96-97+,

Hule, We. B. et al, "why Jameg Barl Ray Murdered Dr. King.” look, 15 April 1969, pp.

102-104,
“James Ray: wanhunt ends but mysteries remain,” U.S, Neva and World Report, 24 June 196
pp. 34-36,

"King ia the man, oh, Lord,” Rewnweek, 15 April 1948, pp. 34-28,

ick Man. Loa Angelest Holloway House, 1968,

“Han in Room 5." Tim, 12 April 1968, p. 21,

“Martin Luther King and the right to know," Amertea, 22 Merch 1969, p. 123.

"Wates and Comment.” New Yorker, 13 Apri] 1968, pp. 35-37.

O'leary, J. “Greatest aanhunt in lew enforcement history,” Reader's Pigeot, Auguat, 19
pp. 63-69.

“Raining a whirlwind; Ray's plea of guilty.” Tire, Z1 Karch 1969, pp. 16-17.

"Renctions to the slaying of Martin Luther King; sycposiwa,” America, April 1968, pp.
534-536,

Turner, W. “Sone disturbing parallels.” Rarparta, 25 January 1969,

Watters, P, et al, "Beale Street and points North," Notion, 22 April 1968, pp. 529-535

“Where is Jomen Farl Ray?" Newaveek, 29 April 1966, p. 21,

"Who killed King?" Newawerk, 22 April 1968, pp. 32-33,

"Who Killed King?" Tine, 26 April 1968, pp. 20-21.

“Widening Sesrch." Time, 19 April 1968, p. 20.

"Willard, Gale, Ray?" Mational Review, 7 Hay 1968, p. 432.

Woodbury, Ro "Murder clues: hand prints, a car chase and a silly smile.” Life, 19 Apri
1968, pp. 40-40a

"Year later: honore for Dr, King; violence, too.” U.S. News and World Report, 16 April
1969, p. 8,


13-00000

III, ROBERT P. KENNEDY

“ha Accused: Pay and Sirhan,” Life, 21 June 1968, pp. 24-%4

“Aftermath of a transdy; boy'a des
want 1568 pe ase hate, a senator slain.” U.S. Heup _and Morld Report,

coettcen Rerilare, Editors of, PIK: Aa Life end Pe.
’ . 3 . sath. Nes
ied Kennedy Record,” U.S. Kevan and Sarid Peport, 6 Kay en ns 50-58 wee
Rea To be or Hot ro Fe Eurvtck, 29 Janvary 1968, pp, 18-39. .

. ae i sections on the Siraha trial.” Ratinnal Rovlew, 11 March 1969,
Sowaroa, JM. “From Eagland:

. glend: the death of Keenedy.” Conver], 28 June 1968, pp. 429=

x.
LJardi, John, Hemmer of Specking: cove: '
woking; TV cove " Saturdoy Review,
. 29 Jime 1968, 0. oy 3 rege md radia rage.” Satur: Rev,
echirg ayveholn.” Re. rveck, 14 Jul
2 Y y 1969, np, 36+,
: 2 Comictence of BPE forter, 22 Fehimary 1963, p- 12,
wche, Terence J, “fulogy tn Kobert P Keone Delivred
. at the ”

coe g DUIS Luly 1968, pp. saTeseg se Rimerale Batak
_ eh of a berecrat.” Anortea, 19 July 1969, p. 22.

‘ole eee PEK. The Men Yio would Be Preatdent,

Premend, BL. "Sirhan through the look tr $7 »
itu 390979 sorigh & glans; <estinony of paychiatrist."” Tire, &

ary Tobhy Ceperd. Howe a Chanees™
tT ombwcry, Richa

ew York: 6,P, Putnam's Sona,

Saturdry tven’rs Pore, 20 April 1968 48,
~ “New Yurkeer Warp aa bani Trienta B y he : B.
" Tenet bos 108, wee de an Ys endy Return with Body.” Los Anpeles
flea, vais F Pere Court, Appearances Suspect Given Leprension of Cocky, arrogant
3 ore wy to a kootres; with reperta b . Vs
Tk gree 18e8 np aes P y be t invripht end T. H. White,”
Je CP othe .
* eA we none Eulogy for 'Geed ed Decent Him'."' Low Ansalen Tires,
Co ny Re My ta me Malia, Jom
Co . me. wWcalla, June 1973, pp. 39+
: ems pes TTrevels with Achby Frunedy," “tarp-r'a. July 1968, pp, $1-61,
"oe BALL “latfenes ext For Bobby," “icy Tark Then Frnarine, 5 196A, 32!
tp Cladatn, Vernedw Stace Fatreerly Critical’; Smipeety herb Tat pret, Avtaipoeds 2

Fres'dat srs Cuapl on Cmdidates.” few York
ne : a hea.” Rew e_Tivea, 6 June 1968 1, 20,
Poa tps “are . : eee ae * Pp. 1, 20,
, Mae. & om Cuba: an Insider's fealvats, Grcemal, 22 Roverber 1968, pp.
r *ten, Feheor A,

.
97, Smictal Wott Scnarers RIK Arewastnation, Rew York: Random Houne

Neoy Cupertrsctes?” Eloorlty of Oon, Sertether 1758, Fp. 9, 16,

. “os 9a. freinedp: the Ghise” IS. Paen ard ar
af oe ELS. Be nA Mora Broort, 2 '~
° . “thle tere of ‘68; Year cf Stork,” Lite, } mene 1369, ae PPe 28-30.
ccly: story cf the latent IF) b 2S. « i
or pees Robby reat.*” U.S, Yen mad World Feport, 1 April 1968,
denon, Galt : :
ao Grltrey. Shy Pohere Zeraily ere Ktlted. “Mew Yorks third Preas, 1970.

5, DIE Ca prem,
“tev we. Sh -tee
; Sa

Ser, Sctuber 1958, pp. 12-13,

ee, Recrm*, 3 Moy 1999, po. 344,

hey win, “Coursrsations in Jail with © aning 2
vt Terry Inge greater j irhan, 2 oeme Ne, Wolf." Life

ato- ome, TTT pee : 7

ary aes Me, Ree York: Grove Preen, 1930.

nerardy Mate Lach of his 42 vearn eoumt,"

Los _Mngeler Tivea, 7 Jone 1968,

op. 2, 16,
Tew +, Them 3, F
" ° ‘on 3 ‘The Fire of your Love (June 3, 1968)," Arerica, 15 Jane 1968, back
(ft ube Aasassination: relighan overtones.” Chris
Lt » Sheintsan Tod a e .
” dy Candidary,* Qheigttien Century, 27 Kareh i968, PP. Teor ime 1968, pe 39

So anaedy Cause," New Repurife, 15 June 1968, pp, 34,

“Ds sgee Thak Kation far? vid “det:
AMA, ope Ty Mee nh them PECK Starmeth ard topes” Rev York Thea, 16 June

Flr Myer

waneck called calm ond lucid, ..$4r
in ier salons” tn teen tees Suns hee tgerives hirself as Jordanian bora
oral ’ Mather,” Thee FI larch 1464, Pe 1d, woe
- ty Tem OP eee ise
an a, i rentcen: aets Sunday an day for Meuvrcing.” Lon Anpelen Tirea, 7 June 1968,

“isciog vord; reprint." 0.5 fiersn °
Sonne . 2 tiersn_ans Yard d rt, 17 June
t+ Sof the Kenondy crapedy,” U.S, tion ma WVorid Peport, iv Sune 1968. on aan

Oe EA Rt PO ee

‘

SN a yy,

“Letter aod the Lav.” Bruewreh, 2 June 1567, p. 33.

“Letters to the editor.” Huy, Inne $966, pp. 16+,

Lowell, Nobert. "RIK: Pores.” Bew Roy ltc, 22 June 1968, p. 27. :
lyons, Lovin M, “Arerica Revelts AT%, Meanerhenetts Review, Sramer 1%8, pp. 573

. Martin, Dem. "fem Martin talks shovt his drinking, Une Nafle, Trenk Staetra, Gore

Bobby Lenwdy. Interview edited by Orisna Fallsci.” Look, 26 Decenber 1? |
- pp. 18-85, : . ‘
Mehdi, M.T. Kennedy and Sirhon: Why? Hew York: Rew World Preas, 1968.
Moore, T. “A Bit of the Way vith AIK." Ave Maria, 28 October 1967, pp. 6-9.

"Mother and son.” Kewaveeh, 17 Febroery 1969, p. 33.
Muggeridge, Malcole, "Elevation of Senator R.F, Kennedy.” Vaquire, November 1968,

pp. 216+.
Kavasky, Victor, “Robert 7, Kennedy, Martin L, Ring, J,£. Hoover = who did {t to wi

Ationtic, Novesber 1970,

"New clues in RFK death: was there a plot?” U.S, Neva aid World Report, 24 Jume 196!
» 36,

: P
Nevfleld, Jack, "Rennedy Laya Out a Got Cawpaign.” Lt{e, 29 March 1968, pp. 26-31.

"Notes and Comemt." Rew Yorker, 15 June 1968, pp. 21-23. .

» Nev Torker, 22 June 196A, p. 19,

O’bhessker, Kori. “lewn the Primary Stretch, from Indima to Oregon.” Ration, 27 Hs:
1966, pp. GA2,

“Once Again, Once Apain.™ Nevaveek, 17 June 1968, pp. 20-40,

Osborne, John. “Hebranka Primary, the ifa, anda, md buts.” Nerv Republic, 18 May L'
pp. 2-9.

“Other Sithan; teetinony of propecution’s paychiatrist,” Newevrek, 14 April 1969,
44-45, .

“Psychiatry on trial,"

Reeves, Richard, "The Kaking of a Candidate 1968.”
1968, pp. 25-27,

Reich, Ken, “HcCarthy Suapenda Political Activitico; Anka Prayer Vigil,” Toa Angels
Tiron, 6 June 1968, p.B 18,

Reichley, A.J. "He's Running Mimnelf Out of the Race.” Fortune, March 1968, pp. 1L

"RYK."” Ghristian Century, 65 (1968), 807-808,

"RFK; The Bob Kennedy we mew.” Lonk, Juna 196A, entire ianue.

"RFK: the man, the dream, the tragedy.” U.S, Newn_end Vorid R
16-158,

Riesman, David.

“Robert F. Kennedy ad the Negro.” Fhony

Roberts, §.V. "Sirhan B, Sirhen literary nepotiations,”
LZ-1344,

Rogers, Warren. "Bobby's Decinion.” Look, 16 April 1966, pp, 22-80.

Rogers, Warren and Stanley Tretick, "The Bob Kennedy ve Knew," Look, 9 July 1968, 5
J1- 36.

Rovere, Richard H, "Letters from Washington.” New Yorker, 15 June 1968, pp. 90-96.

Scheer, Robert, “The Night Bobby Died,” Ravpartn, 10 August 1968, pp. 56-58,

Schlesinger, Arthur MH, “Why I am for Kennedy.” New Republic, 16 May 1968, pp. 39-4

"Second thoughts on Bobby.” Time, 21 Jme 1968, p. 48,

"Selectivity in Los Angelea,” Titre, J January 1969, p. 40.

Shihab, Aziz. Strban. San Antenio: Naylor Co,, 1969.

"Shack of violence hits the carpainn.” Nuainesa Week, 8 June 1968, pp. 36-42.

"Sirhan guilty.” Sentor Scholantic, 2 Hay 1969, p. 19.

"Sirhan takes the stand." ,Newaweek, 17 March 1969, p. 37.

"Sithen; tragedy of the sbaurd. Newnveek, 24 March 1969, p, 324,

"Sirhan's trance; tentimony of psychiatrist,” Nevaweek, 7 April 1969, p. 37.

"Sirhan's Verdict.” Tina, 25 April 1969, pp. 21-22,

"Socking it to "em: Travels vith Bobby.” Time, 5 April 1966, pps 22-23,

Sorensen, Thendore C, "RFK: a Peraonal Memoir.” Saturday Reviev, 22 June 1968, p. 19

Steinbecker, John, RFK: The Mm, the Mysticion, the Nurder, Loe Angeles: Isport
Publinhers, 1969, :

“T.R.A, from Woshioptons who's putity,” Kew Republic, 15 June 1968, p. 2.

“Taking the oath,” Nevaveck, 25 Anguac 1969, p. 47.

“Teat cane; renponaes to pepcholopical testa," New 1, 2 April 1969, pp, 94-95,

6), 13-16,

"Three Aspaneinations." Mincesty of Mr, 10, no. 9 (
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National Review, 6 Hsy 1969, pp. 427-428,
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ort, 17 June 1968,

"McCarthy and Kennedy." New Fepublic, 13 April 1968, pp. 22+23,
» July 1968, pp. 29-32,
Fayuire, November 1970, pp.

“Toward. the Gan Charber." Tire, 2 May 1969, p. 15,

Tewnsend, Dorothy, “Witness Reporte Girl said ‘We Shot Hin'.”
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“Tragedy in Loa Angelen,“

"N.S. cudle in Aqnanainationa

Amertea, 15 June 1968, p. 763.

the talk and the. fartea ® 1S Mauwe and Unvid Benace

13-00000

28
“Verdict oo Sirhan," Nawrveek, 28 Anril 1969, pp, 41+. .
Weiss, P. md MN, Mances, “serlections on a tragedy.” Savmmteen, August 1968, pp. 294-

293,
“What vas in Sirhan'’s mind?" ize, 24 January 1969, p. 54,
Weick, Paul 2. "The Cregon Prizary.” New Yenubdlic, 3 June 1958, pp. 4s-15.
“Win or lose, the Primary Plavers." Life, 7 1968, pe. 25-62,
Wise, David, "Row Bobby Plans ta ‘Win 7 Dist, 4 June 1564, po. 73-27.
“Witnesses speus,” Newrweak, 24 June 1958, pp. 20-27,
Yoakum, Rodere. "Kennady md McCarthy: 1995-1957 Voting Record,” New Repudlic, 11 May

1968, pp. 23-27,


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FOIA exemption far the delat
material.

Abso, ploase review the matey:
Lor classification. i
recowueid that all thease
Jccumeats be downy raded:.ta--
COWELOLNTIAL, Classificatib.
Yeviews3 «ust be wow: by ais :
pacer wWita Te SECRET. :
sifyinyg autherity.
Jocaaeats Rave been stas
wWita tne classification revi
5 sor vou to camplete.

tS tawnt you agree
Qe Stumped With thy
AGRAUTAG staup.

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All

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RETURN TO:

FOIA, REQUEST

98M 379 C1 secret [[] CONFIDENTIAL [[]. INTERNAL =) UNCLASSIFIED

13-00000

hee

CO UNCLASSIFIED ~~ USE. ONLY | CONFIDENTIAL (1) SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING» FOIA acy

REQUEST NUMBER

SUBJECT: (Optional)
vigrolu wcisver, waar [ff abigetoo ivoedas

FROM:

tie SLELS OG

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and DATE . “
building) OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment te show from whom

| recenveo |ronwanoeD {INITIALS to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)

Viease Teview tac atbacsed
doqunewcs Tor reivaso to

“ap. vWeblspers., sracaet li

-Yfead that part of the teat

you woelicve Shoulda be
uedeted do give fhe proj
POTA vexcaplisa for tae uedstde.
uaterial.

aise, please review the wniepi -
F fer Classiiication. i

28 April 1968 identifhf hi recoumend that ali these

does not Perrine to J HOMuEeNES bE Jowny faded in y

QUaPTORArLAL. a

suspect, i fete on st bE Ge ee by a

release it would viol manera 5uks |

ave:
sSdtiewe

ere tion t
ddeutify the gervice

oaisd

FOIA REQUEST |

vont 3749 C] secret  (] CONFIDENTIAL J INTERNAL (1) UNCLASSIFIED


13-00000

CO UNCLASSIFIED =) (NTERNAL [CONFIDENTIAL (1 secret

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER

Hargld Weisberg sppead/ IPS-76-382

FROM,
H. Stilson HT-3

TO: _ (Officer designation, room: number, and
building) COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
to whom. Draw a fine across column after each comment.)

Please review the attached
documents for release to.

Mr. Weisberg. Bracket in

red that part of the text

you believe should be

deleted and give the proper
FOIA exemption for the delet¢d
material. ,

for classification. I
recommend that all these
documents. be downgraded to
CONFIDENTIAL. Classificatipn
reviews must be done by an
officer with TOP SECRET
classifying authority.

with the classification revifw
stamp for you to complete.
Documents that you agree
should be stamped with the
DOWNGRADING stamp.

If Liaison is being claimed
as an exemption please -
identify the service for
me. ;

en
D aM Thanks,
Helen

These documents only cover
RETURN TOr that portion of the request
H. Stilson concerning JAMES EARL RAY.

The King documents will follow.

ony 3749 CO secret [1] CONFIDENTIAL [J INTERNAL =) UNCLASSIFIED

‘Also, please review the materia

All documents have been stamped


13-00000

ple mate yirtnge trier sania nage ema: ta n=  Howecnengeme mappettitcsem ne Arar siemnnmen me ttreeh =~ Memeretinnnrsss ran manatee AeE he mag ey a tat oo Sot tren nee a tate an 5 etme tt a A RR RARE TA AOE SE

rer ae INTE! OEM
{"] ‘UNCLASSIFIED INTERNAL [1 CONFIDENTIAL C] SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING -— FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER’, so
EXTENSION | DATE SENT
-
139s £

OFFICER'S COMMENTS {Number each comment to show from whom :
INITIALS to whom. Draw a fine across column after each comment.) ©

SUBJECT: (Optional) .

76-382 | 4

Vata'

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whe
+
Copan
PES
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EA/STA/EXO 21 FEB 1978 Vp

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PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

rome 9749 [) SecReT [_] CONFIDENTIAL use ony © L_]_ UNCLASSIFIED

13-00000 yx.

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PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

. SUBJECT: (Optional
4 uarold veisberg. appeal pegs IPS-76-382

EXTENSION [DATE SENT

si, otiison ui~3 ‘ 1535

TO: : (Officer designation, room number, and . ;
building) OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

INITIALS to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)

Please review the attached
documents for release to

Mr. Weisberg. bracket in
red that part of the text
you believe should be
deleted and give the proper
BOIA exeuption for the deletp
naterial,

Aiso, please review the mate’
for Classification. I
recommend tiat all these
documents be downgraded to
CONFIDENTIAL. Classificatip
reviews must be done by an
officer with TOP SZCRET -
classifying authority. —
All documents have been. stan
with tne classification: revi.
stavip for you to couplete. —
ocuments taut you agree.
ould be stamped with the.
OUNGRADING stanp.

1£ bisison is being clained
aS au exvenption picase

jentify the service for
ue.

one ben

ondy cover

RETURN TO: ; y ot: porticn of the req
. . rot “ a mn

— FOIA REQUEST.

fom 979 o ‘SECRET CONFIDENTIAL O USE OMY C) UNCLASSIFIED ~

ec a
a mee Beet enececten attend seas


13-00000

[7 UNCLASSIFIED = []_|NTERNAL [1] CONFIDENTIAL . [SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

SUBJECT: (Optiona!) . REQUEST NUMBER
. warole weisbery Appeal Jlgl on IP5-76-382

FROM: EXTENSION |OATE SENT
ae . an fe P , a

a. wbilsou 1ao5

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and DATE
building) OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

FORWARDED INITIALS to whom. ; Draw a line across column after each comment.}

Please review tae attecued
documents for release to

Mr. Weisberg. wuracket in

‘yed tnat part of the text

you believe should be

deleted anu give tne proper
FOIA exeuption for the delete
material,

Aliso, please review the watepi
for classification. f.
recommend that all thege
docunents be downpraded
COmPIDENTIAL. Classificatite
reviews siust be done by an
officer with TOP Sucker
classifying wutiuority.

All docusents nave becn st
wits tne classification revi
staip for you to cosiplete.
Documents that you agré

sould be stamped with tac
DOQstGRAGING stanp.

ta

'£ Liaison is being claines
U5 ai exemption picase
identify tie service ter
Hi@. :

Pies Ais

These siocurs
nat portion Oo:
cerudkue JAtiioo
ee eat can i - “ Ady docuiie LS wit so ipe
PRIORITY HANDLING) FOIA REQUEST
Cl CONFIDENTIAL [J (TERNAL, «= )_sCUNCLASSIFIED —, «

ae

RETURN TO: he
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te7s S749 L] SECRET

ae

1300000, . -
_ \

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CY UNCLASSIFIED “INTERNAL © (CJ) CONFIDENTIAL C1 secret

SUBJECT: (Optional} - — 7 : REQUEST NUMBER
Harold Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION IPS-76-382

FROM: . ‘ EXTENSION | DATE SENT j
ci. Stilson uT-3 28 February 1978
SUSPENSE DATE ,

1595 2 March 1978

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
fo whom, | Drow a line ecross column after each comment.)

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
building)

Pra Tle

Please review the attached
documents for release to

Mr. Weisberg. Bracket in re
that part of the text you
believe should be deleted
and ‘give.the. proper. FOIA.
exempticun..for.the. deleted __
saterial. ,
AP Ceeheibiet ae

Also, please review the
material for classification.
Downgrade all documents to
CONFIDENTIAL where possible.
Classification reviews must
be done by an officer with
TOP SECRET classifying
authority. All documents
have been stamped with the
Classification Review stamp

ab &,
.
.
aed

i

aaa ‘
ae ;

|

J

that you agree should be |
downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL
should be stamped with the
downgrading stamp,

BER:

rE liaison is being claimed

indicate the part that is
from liaison and identify
the service for me please.

Thanks -
oe Helen
These documents cover. Dr.
RETURN TO 7 King. You have already
H. Stilson HT-3 cowpleted the Ray documents.

INTERNAL
USE ONLY

258 3749 (] secret . () CONFIDENTIAL

[] UNCLASSIFIED

nee eed Cane al

for you to complete. Documes

-as an exemption for deletions |

r

13-00000 »

CT .U. ansStFIED 7] {ATERNAL C1 CONFIDENTIAL | 1 secret

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER

darola weisberg IPS-70-382

di. Stidsou

FROM: EXTENSION [DATE SENT .
;
epee ee 1595 : ates ¥ :
ks o OO

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and | ate
building) OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

FORWARDED INITIALS to whom, Draw a line across column after each comment.)

Please review the attached
documents for release to
Mr. Weisberg, bracket in
red that part of the text
you believe should be
deleted and give the prope
FOIA exemption for the dé
material.

Also, please review the mate
for classification. I
recommend that all these
decuments be downgraded to
CONFIDENTIAL. Classificatips.
reviews must be done by an
officer with TOP SECRET
classifying authority.

Ali documents have been stanpe
wita the classification revipy |
stamp for you to complete. F
Documents that you agree

Cow erp ENTIAL arn slar al should be stamped with the
2. ne

DOWNGRADING stamp.
NAD a If Liaison is being claimes

as an exenption please 4
identify the service for ;
LI ne. ae

[eve sans ree ert et gee er PS eer PT

Enos

a
PAWNS .
rr wed

These uecuments unly
that portion of
concerning JAMES |
The hing docu: Aut

rom 379 [1] secret =] CONFIDENTIAL cor Ol UNCLASSIFIED

13-00000°

SF Serer

19 JUL 78
Mr, Frank Underwood
Freedom of Information-Privacy Acts Branch
J. Edgar Hoover Building, Room 6958 4
10th and Pennsylvania Avenue, NW - Ve Ur a

Washington, DC 20535:
Attention: Connie Fruitt

Gentlemen:

In responding to an FOIA litigation from Harold Weisberg
(enclosure 1), we have surfaced reference to 46 documents
which originated with your agency. Three of these documents
are referred by listing only, and either first pages or full
text copies of the remaining 43 documents are enclosed. This
information is being forwarded to. you for review and direct
response to the requester.

We will advise the requester of this referral in our
response, which we expect to complete in the near future.

Please note that the documents listed, and those of
which just the first pages have been included, have not been
reviewed to see if they contain CIA information. In the
event that they do, we request that this material be coordin-
ated with us before being released to the requester.

- I£ you have any questions, please contact Karen Wolfe
or Allie Falardeau, 351-5615, and refer to our request F76-

Sincerely,

Gene F. Wilson
Information and Privacy Coordinator

Enclosures
Distribution: ema UNCLASSIFIED When Sonorstea
Orig - Addse vee ~. From Exalcs

1 - IPS Chrono

1 ~ IPS Subject (F-76- 582) . APPEAL w/attach DDO docs
1 1 - OGC (Launie Ziebell)

() - DDO/IMS/FPG/AL (Helen Stilson)

13-00000 .

so TERE —
. of ~* et : .
‘ i Ve CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
\ Pe WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505 | .
Ny . 14 Way 1965
TO ;  £Director =

Federal Bureau of Investigation .
Attention: S. J. Papich

‘ AC. é io
JW FROM: Deputy Director for Plans laws OD . ip?
SUBJECT: Assassination of Martin Luther King
. eer
/_ 1. On 3 May 1968, an official Italian Intelligence
OT Service provided this Agency's representative in Rome ¥
with the following information on one James RAY: noon

A
A James 'RAY, born in Los Angeles on 8 ‘March mo,
1928 (father' S hame Oliver),arrived at rAPay

San Gimignano, Siena, in March 1955 and

registered as a student at Perugia. In

1956, RAY was confined at San Gimignano

Hospital and in 1957, he was in Sant'Antonio

de Fiesole Hospital. These confinements

were for “osteomyelitical condition causing

bone depression in the cranium, on right

parietal temple region.'' RAY returned

permanently to the United States in December

1967.

2, The Italian National Police and the Italian
Intelligence Service have turned up no other information
thus far. -All Italian entry posts have RAY and his
aliases on their watchlist.

3. The Federal Bureau of Investigation representa-
ae tive in Rome was advised of the information in paragraphs
, 1 and 2 above,

_CSCI_316/01763-68

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505

ee

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MEMORANDUM FOR: iréctor - “ He, ya

Federal Bureau of Investigation me AX

Attention: Mr. S.J. Papich ; \
SUBJECT : Investigation in Japan of Report. on Suspicious

Actions of Gerald Lee Richards, Originally
Described as Resembling Suspected Assassin of
Dr, Martin Luther King, Jr.

1. - Reference is made to the report concerning the above
subject made by telephone to Mr, S.J. Papich at 0930 on 17 April
1968, Following is a full account of the investigation made in
this case:

oe A, On 16 April 1968 a United States National
yi ‘Maritime Union official in Yokohama reported that one
" Gerald Lee-"Richards, who bore a general physical
+ Yesemblance to the description given of the suspected
fy ph assassin of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. had arrived
“ in Japan about 15 April 1968 and requested a position
aboard any ship going anywhere, Richards became
agitated when asked for a contact address in Japan
and refused to divulge his Japanese residence, The

National Maritime Union official describd. Richards ee

as 5? 10" tall, 155 pounds, with brown hair, a receding ~ -”
hairline on both sides, and a not very prominent scar
two and one-half inches long traversing the center
forehead, his most outstanding characteristic being a

_ disconcerting, idiotic grin resembling a constant -
grimace, According to Richards’ documents and state- *.«
ments, he was born_8-April 1937, applied for seaman's a
papers in San Pedro, California, 16 June 1964 and na
registered there as a United States National Maritime’ an
Union member on 21 February 1968 but never shipped Othe,

- His Social Security Number is 562-46- 5078; _his United
States Coast Guard Number Z 2711-782,

A Bebe

‘

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B, A subsequent check with the Japanese National
Police Agency confirmed the biographic data supplied
by the National Maritime Union official. A ward check.
indicated that Richards originally resided in Japan
from 1963 to 1964 and married TAKAYAMA Michiko in 1963,
Both Richards and his wife left Japan for the United
States in 1964, Richards returned alone to Japan about
15 April 1968, His wife's address in the United States
is listed as 160 Hosoi (phonetic) Street, Carpenteria,
California, 93013,

C,. <A photograph of Richards obtained from the
Japanese police was. shown to the National Maritime
Union official and identified by him as the individual
in subparagraph 1A above who had applied for a seaman's
berth, The photograph of Richards bears no apparent |
resemblance to photographs of suspected assassin
James Earl Ray provided by the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, ;

2, The above information has been given to the Legal

Attache of the United States Embassy in Tokyo,

FOR THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR PLANS:

A them”

MES ANGLETON

CSCI-316/01774-68

bo pataates Ee

13-00000 id . VVITE SULIT EIA (nen rified in;

F 7 E Instructions for Divisions and Staffs:
1 4 75 76 7? 78 1. Fill in shaded areas only.
2. Additional comments should be written on back of form.

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION (30 CHARACTERS) DAY | MONTH YEAR

oa Jedi

DISPATCH
MEMO >

TO/RECIPIENT (30 CHARACTERS)

SUBJECT (80 CHARACTERS)

wont | Year
DATE
PAL OF

REVIEW

E, Sustain initial denial in toto
F. Sustain initial release of

of sanitized version

G. Release additional information

OF
REVIEW

Tile Mg ot a PF it

’ : SIGNATUREASAND OF FISE OF REVIEWING OFFICER
iy raat! ii

EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED (40 CHARACTERS)

9 B1 82 B3 B4 BS BE B7C JU J1B JtC JIE SIF «1 5B1 562 5B3 5B4
OF FOIA OF PA OF E.0. 11652

Exemptions ar


ui NEW DOCUMENT RECORD

Instructions for Divisions and Staffs:
1. Fill in shaded areas only. :

2. Additional comments should be written on back of form.

Wy \Sgv CF

13-00Q00 ° : Ven wenn inner! ritiea ins

TYPE

FROM/ORIGINATOR (30 CHARACTERS) TO/RECIPIENT (30 CHARACTERS)

WHERE LOCATED (10 CHARACTERS)

REFERRED BY (10 CHARACTERS) | poo? |

DO FILE NUMBER (20 CHARACTERS)

DATE
OF
REVIEW

E. Sustain initial denial in toto

x F. Sustain initial release of
of sanitized version 7o AGVS7ER
G. Release additional information

TYPE
OF
REVIEW

=

ae 7,
EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED (40 CHARACTERS) . . "

9 81 62 83 B4 BS B6 B7C J1 J1B sic JIE JiF Ki 581 582 583 SB4
OF FOIA OF PA OF E.0. 11652

Exemptions are being claimed to protect. the following:

Pes

10


13-00000 °* : : wT a et (Wnen cities in}

“i “1

YEAR NUMBER *. NEW DOCUMENT RECORD

Instructions for Divisions and Staffs: .
; 1. Fill in shaded areas only.
2. Additional comments should be written on back of form.

DAY | MONTH

TO/RECIPIENT (30 CHARACTERS)

OO FILE NUMBER (20 CHARACTERS)

TYPE ; oar
OF
REVIEW REVIEW

Sustain initial denial in toto
Sustain initial release of

of sanitized version

Release additional information

ene, SIGNATUR D OFFICEIOF REVIEWING OFFIC
ae ie yg
EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED (40 CHARACTERS) ;
9 B1 82 B3 B4 BS BE B7C J1 J1B JtC J1E J1F Ki 5B1 5B2 583 5B4
OF FOIA OF PA , OF E.O. 11652

| Exemptions are being claimed to protect the following:


