[1]14-9000
[3]104-10225-10027
[5]FILE vf TLE NUN BERS VOLABE LL)
[9]Sane ac sah tds ik yet
[11]| 2025 RELEASE UNDER THE PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY ASSASSINATION RECORDS ACT OF 1992 |
[13]' .
[14]“ ~ o
[16]BS TRIChAL HEV IRGED AT CFA HEADGHARTERS BY
[18]HOUSE SELECT COMM ETTRE G8 AGDABGSSATIONS STAY BEBE:
[20]itll, PISO als RED RECENRAL |
[22]_ Country Cue
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[26]foe
[28]LECLUSIVE DATES: ELAR Y (VIET
[31]Cte de ee
[33]a ec et od
[36]. : ROOM: _ __
[38]DELETIONS, IF ANY: _
[40]t
[43]TUN Fs:
[46]ne AA eave
[50][i
[52]PH eee i ster war
[54]PATE
[56]RECETVED RETURNED REVIEWED BY (PRINT NAMES
[58]Anya atone see .
[59]Tee Ate xc ons .
[60]. * SORT Rta Om ct emer, oan
[64]i
[66]NO DOCUMENTS MAY BE COPIED OR REMOVED FROM THIS FILE
[68]RENE BATE RECN nr om
[70]-
[72]oF
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[84]Lae Aleg HIID HOTPICAUGH GF ACT |
[89]1: (Statonfiteee) »)
[91]Santiago, Chile
[95]Pt
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[101]eee IR STRICT CO ‘ | tree TO fur ERE COMME E
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[109]GUESTED, FO BCE E perro dyin en
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[112]ee, OTTO OE
[114]BH) en ATSAILE.
[115]Ba NT CLE TAT LAAT
[117]ATP AH BE WA
[119]ee Aerie bet
[120]i Altes
[122]ror oe
[123]por eh wet
[124]coonmitie tabs
[126]erem Oho
[127]euisIis, Cu
[129]Care GGure
[131]1
[132]' 126
[136]| Psych Warfare Goneral
[138]VACATE, EI ICZSST I Oo
[140]eel ETT T
[141]as, bed
[143]cee SET TTIS AP OILE —
[144]Tee EO GIATCUS TWROSLEVS ONLY
[146]Peevacn FOU On ARO
[148]tenn. ts ita RESTRICTED X UNRIESTRIG FEES Peete REGITES ILM
[150]co FILES
[153]10. COMMENTS HCLAIOC GRECIAL HEADQUARTERS HOUNNG 1M 5F eins |
[154]i
[156]IM Ouse
[157]a 12
[160]14-0000
[162]ABILITY TO MAINTAIN STABILITY OF POLITICAL SITUATIO
[163]OATE: vent
[165]UUTGUING ~ MESSAGE
[167]sana Menem ysconr ©
[168]ace cor) aur oa” 8
[170]0 o9 @ ao oO @B w
[171]SECRET _ a
[172]TR RADE mANNK ING MOC ATOR oats. nes oqOVe wusssge one asente buMeEe
[173]STAFF - 0822372 ° DIRECTOR 8 if. b16080 .
[174]CONF: Ab INFO: FILE MIAN, 535, PSD BD’, 0 eoae . ‘° 7
[176]PER
[178]paolo , P(E oPsfth, Pome
[179]WHA Socy 0 ween #
[180]TO: CARACAS» GUAYAQUIL s BOGOTA, SAN JOSEs BUENOS AIRES, guITo INFO
[182]SANTIAGO, LIMa. ¥
[185]REF! SANTIAGO 30693 IIN 4ONLO4| {BEING RELAYED ADDRESSERES? ¥
[187]1. REF ‘BEING RELAYED ADDRESSEES IS REPORT 31 oct ANNOUNCEMENT
[188]BY GENERAL PINOCHET DECLARING FREEDOM OF PRESS ‘IN CHILE. SUGGEST
[189]RATHER THAN-REPLAYING EL, MERCURIO ARTICLE TRANSCRIBED IN REF YOU USE
[191]THAT MERELY AS BASIS FOR EDITORIAL COMMENT. . PINOCHET'S STATEMENT PuTS ,
[193]EviPHASIS ON CONTENTION THAT PRESS COENSORSHIP BHAS NOT EXISTED IN
[194]CHILE UNDER JUNTA NOR DOES IT NOUe THAT ARGUMENT UNFORTUNATELY WILL
[195]HAVE LITTLE CREDIGILITY OUTSIDE CHILE SO RECOMMEND EDITORTAL COMMENT
[197]EMPHASIZE THESE POINTH: ¥
[198]A. CHILEAN PRESIDENT HAS DECLARED THERE WILL BE NO PRIOR
[200]CENSORSHIP IN CHILE. ¥
[201]B. PINOCHET DECLARED THAT JUNTA IS WAIVING PRIOR CENSORSHIP
[202]OF. PRESS DESPITE FACT THAT STATE OF EMERGENCY CONTINUES IN CHILE. ¥
[204]C. JUNTA ACTION APPEARS REGFLECT CONFIDENCE -_ y, ITS
[208]orc: . rout
[209]a Psy oe —
[210]sss sane ovenee cousnnanan crete Cob Le araercanna erect
[212]we ene REPRODUCTION 8 OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE 1S PROHIDITEO =-E 2 -ISBDET
[221]k
[223]a eee
[225]14-00000
[227]OUTGUING MESSAGE — +: i
[228]Btamar COmrea USE OME , ‘ 3 , at ——}+
[230]oF oO oF OG O08 0 @. 4d . 2
[231]SECRET
[232]wepeace macoueg mocstoe Onre- Time CRONE cae wessace nerenence wee
[233]STAFF DIRECTOR .
[234], CONF: INFO: FILE ; , GFGO FO oa DISSEM BYs
[235]O senesro PER
[237]. O wena # -
[238]"Par CL EELRRMERE NT RED RTRASFAOPTHISCESTURE.. OF =CONPIDENCE ULTH YA
[240]4
[241]BER! SICONFISCATLOMs OF WPRIVATELLAOUNE D-PRE SSATUOZMONTHSTAGORAW
[242]2. BUENOS AIRES: CAN NTTHRIFTY-1 GARRAUGE PICK UP FOR ANSA
[244]ae GUAYAQUIL, QUITO! SUGGEST YOU HAVE PUYANDYKE-3 OR .
[245]PUNETUORK-1 TINE THEIR COMMENTS TO COINCIDE WITH OAS MEETING. ¥
[247]4. FILE: 200-120-3Sb- E-2 IMPDET+d
[250]ong: €. JAMES MCTIGHE GARY A -
[251]= SLAVIA | fy CTORING Lo ye yi
[252]ExT: 2553, / uP cv 4 a / . p Lo
[253]| C/LA/SB ( 2E
[255]de to “lee
[257]7 var aie -
[258]A CPLAITA on Teen
[260]' { AC/LA
[261]5 pfrewteatr ri yy CODROM ATH OFFICERS . { Oy eres Co . —_—w
[262]Cras bem arn REPRODUCTION SY OFNER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROWAITED E—E 2 iPDET
[264]Cu BY:
[266]14.90000
[268][thr eee criti em oe
[270]OUTGOING MESSAGH ren
[271]ve a LES E
[273]ea eccrine muse ane
[274]sods tot ace ws twe wm :
[275]Cran ¢ i) G o -° a L
[276]ia Soeln ss) ’ ” : ‘
[277]SccRET
[278]ee RIS IC Ate Cate tives COOLP ene WTR YAGE Err re CE Ue
[279]STAFF 2018232 DIRECTOR ._- 444939
[281]CONE: fa g eo: Fite offal ple Hohe ps ~ i
[283]. {} cue Omens aby fea
[284]OO) mtu f[ryeo-3
[285]1) wens
[286]TO: SANTIAGO. ¥ Hh
[287]| Pais
[288]PYSAT VUNUNGER “ony
[289]REF: SANTIAGO 30869 [IN 39333831 ¥ Wie -
[291]L. YOUR OBSERVATIONS CONFIRM THOSE COS. GIVEN NO NEED HAKE!
[293]RADICAL CHANGE IN CURRENT POLICY AND PRACTICE SUGGEST GOC. BE
[295]INFLUENCED TO ISSUE PUSLIC STATEMENT DECLARING THAT JUNTA HAS :
[296]RESTORED CONDITIONS OF POLITICAL STABILITY TO EXTENT THAT PRIOR CEN-
[297]SORSHIP OF FRESS NO LONGER DEEMED NECESSARY. TO GUIDE THE VARY AT.
[298]ICT LPAMEShAM MTCHT ADD LAUS COVERNING CRTMTHAL LISEL WILL CONTINUE
[299]70 CL ENFORCED. YO
[301]2. FOR FULL IMPACT, OF COURSE. IT WOULD BE IDLE FOR 60C TO
[302]AECUE THAT UP TO THIS POINT THERE HAS BEEN NO PRIOR CENSORSHIP. FEEL
[303]STATUS QUO ANTE SHOULD CE IGNCRED AND EMPHASIS PLACED ON FACT THAT
[304]SSLTIONS NOU SUCH THAT CONSTITUTIONALLY RECOCNIZED CONDITION OF
[306]Ci
[307]FESS FREEDOM CAN OBTAIN. ¥ L if
[308]3. FILE: 200-120-35bed Roy CA
[310]{ _ . od ; a .
[311]tars: 2) OCT 74 YS C/LA/ SOA a TN
[312]cea: &. JAMES HCTIGHE:MK )
[314]t: C/LASCA, ;
[315]: «1853. ;
[316]a” -,
[317]LA JS Atl*Ai- On
[318]“4 Das:
[319]GYLA /, eK
[320]tewsnaeene 7 cow senate oneeans fe
[322]ee,
[323]Cars ACPRSOVC UCN BY OTHE THAN TYE ISSUING OFFICE 15 PROBLITTED
[325]/ CL GY:G434$7
[327]14.90000
[329]a+ CU acanon
[331]Th mented sees
[334]REF: LONDON 54017 TIN 350115! ¥
[338]A BANAL CONMTER VER OMY ‘eo
[339]aoe 7 ™~ or = roe | . wwe “ao
[341]oMnF O 0 .9 OF GO
[343]SECRET ; 7
[344]STAFF . . poy z DIRECTOR bLL750 yD
[346]omoen ¢ “DISSEM BY: -
[348]CONF: yar ra: FILE ey. shuts yee
[350]TO PRIORITY LONDON INFO SANTIAGO. ROME. ¥
[352]So aoa
[354]O
[355]Le ACCORDING AP RELEASE DATELINED NOSCOWU 17 OCTOBER, SOVIETS HAVE
[356]DENIED VALID Y THAT RED CROSS EMPLOYEE IN CHILE TO
[358]NEGOTIATE PRISONER | EXCHANGE « WISH USE THIS DENIAL AS PEG REVIEW
[359]PREVIOUS SOVIET PRISONER EXCHANGES {ABBEL COMES To MIND} UHICH ALSO
[360]HAVE BEEN CARRIED ouT IN STRICT SECRECY AND 70 SPECULATE ON WHAT
[361]CORVALAN AND OTHERS KNOW THAT JOULD MAKE THEN 30 IMPORTANT TO SOVIET
[362]GOVERNMENT. BELIEVE ROBERT HOSS, IF HE STILL HAS ACCESS TO LONDON.
[363]MEDIAy YOULD BE GOOD CHOICE WRITE SUCH ARTICLE BECAUSE OF HIS
[364]KNOWLEDGE OF CHILE AND AGILITY USE HIS SACKGROUND FOR SPECULATION ON
[365]KINDS OF INFORMATION CORVALAN HAS THAT COULD ENBARRASS SOVIETS. CAN
[366]MENTION SOVIET CLANDESTINE FUNDING ALLENDE'S ELECTIONS, TACTICAL BBS8B
[367]PCCH ALLIANCE uITH SOCIALISTS, CUBAN AND SOVIET AID TO ARMED PCCH
[368]UNIONS, LONG-RANGE PLANS FOR EVENTUAL PCCH PUTSCH TO overtHesu ALLENDE.
[369]¥ A. BUENOS AIRES TELAN {IN SPANISH} REPORTED 17 OCT THAT RED
[370]CROSS ENVOY as DENIS. FELDMEYER AND THAT HE CARRIED TO CHILE SOVIET
[373]13 bet Vf
[375]| “RECORD COPY sty
[377]COORDINATING OFT ERD aurtngencaNes OFCER
[379]ON BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROWIGITED §=8€ 2 IMPDET
[380]CL BY:
[383]14.90000
[385]_ STAFF "DIRECTOR
[387]i OUTGOING MESSAGE
[389]oo rowan canmrasuee omy
[390]aoe so ~ we ero
[392]ow o0OUlC Ca
[394](pane canon
[396]secret
[397]went’ cor meessoe MEPERE NTE ER
[399]ron DATE. THs GROUP
[401]woes _DISSEM BY:
[405]CONF: 2 tNFO: FILE
[409]. narvanto PUR
[411]lieixe)
[413]Ov ruse a
[415]“yuton's ACCEPTANCE OF CONDITIONS IMPOSED BY JUNTA WHEREBY THE SOVIET:
[417]UNION MUST FREE AN EQUAL NUHBER OF POLITICAL PRISONERS AS FREED OY
[419]CHILE. WHEN GRUNO DOPPLER» INTERNATIONAL. RED CROSS REPRESENTATIVE
[421]“IN CHILE WAS QUESTIONED ABOUT FELDNEYER'S MISSION. HE DENIED THAT HE
[422]“WAS ON THAT TYPE OF MISSION. BUT LATER WHEN ASKED WHETHER IT WAS
[424]TRUE THAT FELDMEYER CARRIED WITH HIM THE SOVIET ACCEPTANCE. HE
[425]ANSWERED» "THERE IS NO CONFIRMATION. IT IS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION?
[427]THE CHILEAN AUTHORITIES ARE THE OBNES TO CONFIRM IT.” y
[428]Be APs hoscou L7 OCTOBER? “THE. SOVIET GOVERNMENT DENOUNCED
[430]"AS BTA FORGERY' A CHILEAN NEWSPAPER REPORT THAT THE SOVIET UNION IS
[432]APPARENTLY WILLING TO RELEASE SOME POLITICAL PRISONERS IN RETURN FOR
[434]RELEASE OF IMPRISONED LEFTISTS IN CHILE. ¥
[435]PSERGEI BULANTSEVs A COMMENTATOR FOR THE OFFICIAL NEWS AGENCY
[437]TASS @SAID THURSDAY THE LA SEGUNDA STORY HAD BEEN *CONCOCTED' BY
[438]FASCIST“MINDED GENERALS* WHO SEEK TO DIVERT WORBLD ATTENTION FROM THE
[440]ATROCITIES AND ARBITRARINESS THERE." ¥
[441]"GEN. AUGUSTO PINOCHET. CHIEF OF STATE OF CHILEs SAID CHILE
[443]WOULD LIGERATE RELEASE ALL ITS PRISONERS IF THE SOVIET UNION AND.CUBA .
[445]DATE:
[446]ORIG:
[447]UNIT:
[448]€AT:
[449]cae Oe
[450]~™ . wee - - -« e
[451]. =“ - - °°
[452]wa eskiees OFS COOmT ates 2.7 on . . = J AUTRE TICATION orrc se
[454]cuaseuncaTon REPRODUCTION-GY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE 1S prow iy € 2 IMPDET
[456]- ct BY:
[458]14.90000
[460]OUTGOING MESS Age:
[462]a Prowse C4690 VOR OMT . ene a
[463]age so0 wg te we uw wan
[465]onF a Oo 0°: 0a oO 0
[469]SECRET :
[471]WEN CASS Mam ed OMAP . DATE Nes Cou 7 one ee i ed
[472]STAFF DIRECTOR
[473]“ CONF: pur9: PIE oe ‘ 8 ae DISSEM OY:
[475]: . ‘ , : O asrenta PER
[476]LIWwisd
[479]AGREED TO LIGERATE AN EQUAL NUMBER OF THEIR PRISONERS. ¥
[480]"DESPITE DOCUMENTED CHARGES BY INTERNATIONAL GROUPS AND
[481]DISSIDENTS UITHEN THE SOVIET UNION THAT PERSONS ARE PREOSBECUTED HERE
[482]FOR THEIR POLITICAL BELIEFS, MOSCOW INSISTS THAT THERE ARE NO
[483]POLITICAL PRISGHERS IN THE SOVIET UNION.” y
[484]2.- PLS CAELE TEXT ARTICLE TO H@S FOR REPLAY. ¥
[485]4. FILE: BEFER- E-2 IMPDET«A
[487]cunrnc flanaddsn
[488]IOV
[490]DATE: = 4a OCTOBER 1974 -
[491]OniG: MARTIN MILLER E/CA
[493]UNIT: LA/CA . .
[494]et any: C/LA/SB 7 Eee,
[497]a fi Uiites ceonemuren ooncens
[499]affocucvion BY OTRER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE is sromaneo 4
[502]14-00000
[504]REPANDUCTION BY OTHER THAG
[505]{eeUING OFFICE 10 PROMIGITED
[507]-
[509]CABLE BEC.S SEN OY OF PER aes “e VLD ee
[511]\.
[513]PERSON-UNIT NOTIFIED nn _
[515]= _.. ; _ ST AFF
[516]__AQNANCE CORY 105UED BhOTIR0- en hae be ee ef ope ere og
[517]ACTION UATE ‘ 4
[518]ne RAL eee fe LAB 2 SE 2}
[519]YEU. ts 353-42 |25h ,efarjapet ae
[520]fm lt e|09q je. Be ee age
[521]Tt ree ener “PAGE “OL IN. 392115
[523](.ono' 64017
[525]TOR: 1728122 act mw
[527]SE CRE T $71537e OCT 74 OCT 74 STAFF
[528]CITE LONDON 34227
[529]Yo: DIRECTOR, ROME INFO SANTIAGO,
[531]RYBAT MHSPAWN REDLEG
[533]REF A, DIRECTOR 604965 ) Pyrat
[535]B. DIRECTO 629942
[536]1, “REUTERS STORY DATELINED SANTIAGO IN 17 octeer "TIMES"
[538]IS HEADLINED mRy§§1A-HESPONDING-T0-CHILE. ~CaLL- TO_FREE PRISONERS.”
[540]HIGHLIGHTS 4S FOLLOWS:
[542]THE SOVIET UNION 1S PREPARING TO RELEASE A LIMITED
[543]NUMBER OF TOP POLITICAL PRISONERS IN RESPONSE TO A
[544]CHALLENGE BY TRE CHILEAN MILITARY JUNTA, INFORMED
[545]SOURCES SAID TODAY.
[547]wa RED CROSS EMNISSARY, WAS HUE TO ARQIVE HERE TONIGHT
[548]FROM GENEVA WITH A eIst OF 122 CHILEAN PRISCNERS THE
[549]RUSSIANS, ¥ANT RELEASED IN EXCHANGE FOR THE FREEDOM GIVEN
[550]TO LTS DOAN LETALNEES» THE SOURCES SAID. THERE WAS NO
[551]OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION OR DENTAL OF THE REPERT FROM EISTHER
[552]GOVERNMENT OF RED CROSS OFFICTALS.©
[553]ARTICLE RECOUNTS PINOCHET CHALLENGE te weSCO’ AND HAVANA AND
[555]REG. R tk
[557](8° 126° 3
[559]14-0000
[561]fO THe COPIED hun oF
[563]CABLE 98C presets ov Pe dle ere Se on
[564]| ge cReT mermuoucy ON 8s Saoniolres
[565]PERBON UNIT NOTIFIED. anne o ee eos ceeeet | -- rae
[566], ; STAFF
[567]_—_ADYANGCE | J99URDL9-OI TED =n a OY AL Rn a fp eT
[568]ACTION ur | ‘ 4
[569]vA, a (eee eer On re
[570]nn a 7 5
[571]ry
[572]THe non # ee a —— oe nore te
[573]T aT XTEL) Sig sore men SG ALLS
[574]romsa7eai2e oct 74 LOND 5407.
[575]eee eee a cere ecient eR RE ATS
[576]POINTS GUT CHILE was SINCE FREED wOPE THAN 3€¢ DETAINEES
[578]WITH HUNTIL NOW, NG APPARENT RESPONSE," aus ADES LUIS CORVALEN
[579]LEaAOS THE aAREMLIn LIST, :
[580]2, ADbRT FAGM SE DIMENSION &55ED TO REF PROPOSALS BY
[581]ABOVEs «2 DG NOT BELIEVE AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL CAT) couLo BE
[582]INDUCED 19 TAKE UP {SSUE, AS NSGTED REF at HAS VEPY PRESCRIBED
[583]APPROACHES ANU TECANIQUES WHICH ET USES TO HANDLE, VIA A CHAIN:
[584]oF forviouat SPONSCASHyINDIVIDUSL TASES. W4ILE THEY MAY
[585]OCCASIONALLY USE PUBLICITY iF ALL ELSE FALLS THEY BASICALLY REGARD
[586]17 aS A DISTINCT {heLBITION TC Tre SUCCESS OF THEIR BEHIND THE
[587]SCENES PERSON 16 Person TECHNIQUE. Al's POSITION ON THE CHILEAN
[588]CHALLENGE WOULD PROBABLY ALSO) GE SEGATIVELY INFLUENCED BY ITS
[589]HAVING ONLY VERY RECENTLY ACCEPTED & MOSCOX CHAPTER DESPITE THE
[590]STRONG GHJECTIONS OF, SOME GF [7S AY LEACERS. SIKCE OUR ASSETS
[591]WERE ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN FORCING THiS ISSUE THEY ARE NOT IN A
[592]SECUNE POSITION TC TAKE THE LEAD ON THIS CNE ESPECIALLY GIVEN
[593]THE EXTREME UNPOPULARITY | OF THE OVERALL CKILE STORY,
[594]3, WE CAN CONTINUE TO BE ALEAT 10 OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOME
[595]Form OF MEDIA PLACEMENTS TO ACCEMSLISH REF GOALS BUT WE HAVE
[596]TO ESTIMATE THAT CHANCES OF ANY oF our ASSETS BEIKG ABLE 10
[597]ze $ E 2 T
[599]’ -
[601]ay
[608]14.90000
[612]. - * - a a il
[614]CAOLE SEC 1005 OY PR eg ee ee otal ara a ne NEN BY .
[615]. : ‘ a, { REPRODUCTION OY OTHER THAT
[617]| SECR E , \ INBUING OFFICE 10 PROMIBITAD
[619]PERSON UNIT NOFIFIED ed re ee. cs one eee - i ee ee ee ee one hae ee ere
[621]. - STAFF
[623]+ ARVANCA.COPY 198UEU. BLOTEEU J. . Ot, .- AL Be eee cae = vee ee ee he pe ee pe gee ee td
[624]ACTION UNIT Lo } ‘ 4 5
[626]eee eae me ce emnee ce me |
[627]—_———- ~ ; 1 6 i
[629]- ACTION # | A CLE CP, ARS ARE AER - sot nae ed eb een re en ee
[631]——ya901 58 ET S0d GE 03-03 caaeeeas (0.150 Cee
[632]70844716122 OCT 74 LOND 34917
[634]re ER A IR A I ea AE tee
[636]CATALYZE ANY ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITY BY GROUPS WHOSE VOICE
[637]WOULD count ARE EXTREMELY LIMITED AND WOULD INVOLVE MORE RISKS
[638]THAN TRE ODDS WOULD PROBABLY JUSTIFY. WE HAVE BROUGHT
[639]SCHWERSUN'S ATTENTION TO THE SITUATION INCLUDING THE PARA. one
[640]“story, He NUTED THAT Al EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HAS RECENTLY
[641]VOTED IN NEW AND 19 SOME EXTENT UNTRIED MEMSERSHIP, ALTHOUGH
[642]NEW COMPUSITON COMMITTEE may Ih LONG RUN BE LESS INCLINED
[644]TO AVOID ACTION WHICH PUTS PRESSURE ON soviers: SUCH [SSUES
[645]PRESENTLY ALL THE MORE CONTROVERSIAL WITHIN Al JN VIE* NEWNESS
[646]COMMITTEE AND NOT LIKELY RECEIVE CONSTRUCTIVE ATTENTION UNTIL
[647]COMMITTEE SHAKES DOWN, WILL 4DVISE DEVELOPMENTS.
[649]“4, FILE DEFERM 2 IMPDET
[651]i “ . .
[652]oe SECRET
[657]14-0000
[659]OUTGOING
[661]DUAL CENTER USE ONLY
[662]ace | tus ace wo
[664]OnF OF - O- @ Q
[666]CAAT ELF Arey
[668]SECRET
[669]“STAFF. ‘see Zo. DIR rcTOR “BON942 {
[670]CONF: “ch AB INFO, FILE SES” eukh . eee DISSEM BY ks
[671]fps fe] merven 10 PER
[674]To: ROME, LONDON, INFO SANTIAGO. *
[676]RYBAT MHSPAUN REDLEG ¥
[677]REF: DIRECTOR BOYES ¥ .
[679]1. GIVEN PERISHABILITY REF IDEAS, REQUEST YOUR COMMENT ON .
[680]FEASIBILITY OF APPROACHES TO DEFLOWFR AND AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL AS.
[681]OUTLINED. WELCOME ANY OTHER SUGGESTIONS ON MEANS LIMIT FURTHER
[682]ANTI-8KHERALD PROPAGANDA IN RELATION TO CHILE AND ANTI- JUNTA
[684]CUMNLE7TED  UsITHH (®)
[685]PROPAGANDA TH -REEATION | TO TREATMENT OF- POLITICAL PRISONERS. 4 °
[687]e- FILE DEFER. “E-2 IMPDET«d .
[689]—_______ a JS= 126-3
[690][_RécoRD copy | 16 pst Df
[693]“UNIT: LA/CA C/E/BC .. 1) Mn. lay
[695]DATE: 15 OCTOBER 1974
[697]7
[700]PC, C/E/T ‘Li Ie
[701]fe fe a“ gy | mm : ik OSS
[702]Lseiberut cas ELEURSCA, Le fUr’d Se >
[704]Cia beomanon / pepacauc TION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE 15 promiarrsy” aot
[705]. . fal <
[708]14-00000
[710], VUIGUING | IESSAGES" 3
[713]ent to ace toa we ord
[715]err 6 i} a 0 0 Oo: O
[719]SECRET.
[721]edna Ot mance ADL ATOR [ vate-roatynoue
[723]STAFF ilozusopz - DIRECTOR bOuShS alll
[724]- . ; O woes ‘i orsdem ov; Fn :
[725]cont ec) Bo OINFO: FIL th , cfeure , elses, 2/53, no worn poriec me wo
[727]Spaz, clorsfwt, a
[728]cfosehe , | fr)
[729]TO: ROE, LONDON, INFO SANTIAGO. ¥ .
[731]ewe . nnsace RErERsHcE UBER
[733]RYBAT MHSPAWN REDLEG ¥
[734]le Or JERNATIONAL CRITICISM OF CHILEAN JINTA AND MORE RECENTLY OF -
[735]AKHERALD HAVE BEEN ORCHESTRATED TO DRAMATIC PROPORTIONS. Ha@S BELIEVES .
[736]EFFECTIVE EXPLOITATION OF GENERAL PINOCHET'S OFFER TO EXCHANGE A
[737]NUMBER OF POLITICAL PRISONERS FOR AN EQUAL NUMBER OF SOVIET AND/OR
[738]CUBAN PRISONERS IS OPPORTUNITY TO BLUNT HOSTILE PROPAGANDA. IF THE
[739]USSR AND CHILE CAN BE LUMPED TOGETHER IN POPULAR MIND AS EACH HAVING wy
[740]POLITICAL PRISONERS: THE SITUATION CAN BE EXPLOITED TO DIVERT SOME OF
[741]ATTENTION FROM JUNTA'S SUPPOSED MISDEEDS TO SOVIET HANDLING OF
[742]POLITICAL PRISONERS. A REPORT FROM A SENSITIVE SOURCE INDICATES THAT
[743]THE SOVIETS AND CUBANS ARE CONCERNED OVER THE PRESSURES THAT COUBLD
[744]DEVELOP FROM THE OFFER. ¥
[745]2. THE EXCHANGE OFFER-HAS ASPECTS THAT WOULD BE ATTRACTIVE TO.
[746]NUMEROUS GROUPS “IN EUROPE @UT THERE HAS BEEN LITTLE REACTIONS
[747]PROBABLY SECAUSE OF CHILE'S EXTREME UNPOPULARITY AND THE LACK OF BOTH
[748]A NEUTRAL. SPONSOR AND SUFFICIENT PUBLICITY. EUROPEAN COMMUNISTS
[750]-SHCULD GE INTERESTED IN THE OFFER TO RELEASE IMPORTANT CHILEAN
[752]OATE:
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[792]OTHER HALF OF THE EXCHANGE. LEFTISTS OF NUMEROUS SHADES, INCLUDING 2°
[793]THE BERTRAND RUSSELL GROUPS SHOULD ALSO FAVOR THE RELEASE OF THESE —
[795]PRISONERS» YET-BE-LESS TROUBLED BY THE DESCONFITURE OF THE SOVIETS
[796]“AND CUBANS. SECOND, THE OFFER TS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR GROUPS LIKE
[798]AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL TO BRING DIRECT PRESURE ON THE USSR To RELEASE ”
[799]SOME PROMINENT INTELLECTUAL PRISONERS. FINALLY. THE “OFFER: SHOULD ;
[800]ATTRACT SOME HUMANITARIAN SUPPORT FROM THOSE UHO FAVOR RELEASE OF ALL -
[801]POLITECAL PRISONERS ON PRINCIPLE. IN FACT. PROPERLY DEVELOPED, THE
[803]EXCHANGE IS POTENTIALLY ATTRACTIVE TO ALNOST THE ENTIRE POLITICAL
[805]LUGE ST
[807]SPECTRUM. ¥
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[811]ON EXCHANE ES BASIS hha
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[814]PRISONERS {COMMUNIST AND SOCIALIST LEADERS IN CHILE AND IMPORTANT .
[816]INTELLECTUALS IN THE USSR} FROM A BHFASCIST REGIME ON THE ONE BHAND
[817]AND FROM A STALINIST COUNTRY ON THE OTHER HE CAN BECOME SUFFICIENTLY
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[1053]1. FOLLOWING IS ANOTHER» APPARENTLY WELL- “RESEARCHED fs Moc
[1054]ARTICLE BY DAVID'F. BELNAP. ON EROSTON OF DEMOCRACY IN CHILE pe °
[1056]UNDER ALLENDE WHICH APPEARED IN LOS ANGELES TIMES ON 2? SEPT
[1058]24. SUGGEST You PASS FoLLou jihG EXCE RPTS To “LIALSON AND AGBERNTS
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[1070]ABRIDGED TEXT FOLLOWS: ¥
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[1112]VECES SE LLEVARON A CAGO FRONTAL 0 AGIERTAMENTE. CASI SIEMPRE FUERON
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[1119]CASI NUNCA SE LLEGOs POR EverPLO>
[1120]OPOSICIOHISTA PuDO CSCRIBIR Y DECIR LO GUE LE PARECTO
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[1123]LA PRENSA
[1124]DURANTE LOS CASI TRES ANGE aue EL ALLENDISNO SE ?
[1125]LA DUDA SIEMPRE FUE SI SICHGS MEDICS LOGRARTIAN o HO SOBREVIVIR
[1126]ECONOMLCAMENTE Y SEGUIR MAHIFESTANDO SU CRITCRI4 a
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[1129]LA PRENSA ESCRITA oBTUVO Ul PRESAGIO DE Lo QUE PODRIA SUCEDERLE AL
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[1194]QUE LES AGUARDABAy INCLUSO ANTES DE LA TOMA DE POSESTION DEL NUEVO
[1196]Los PERITOS EN COMUNICACIONES DEL PARTIDO COMUNISTA
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[1198]L PARTIDOs ©
[1200]PRESIDENTE.
[1202]ARLES CABIDA A LOS PERIODIETAS MARXISTAS DESIGNADOS POR E
[1203]SO PENA DE PERDER NAS TARDE, SUS LICENCIAS PARA TRANSMITIR. ¥
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[1206]S-- Y LAS INDUSTRIAS PRIVADAS,
[1208]A MEDIDA QUE TBAN CAYENDO EN MANOS DCL GOBIERNO-- LE DABAN
[1210]LOS hebros INFORMATIVOS Que PERTENECIAN A
[1212]LA UNIDAD POPULAR BO QUE APOYABAN AL REGINEN- ENTRE ESTOS
[1214]EN EL MOMENTO DE SESPLOMARSE EL ALLENDISNO, APROXIMADA-
[1215]§ RADISEMISORAS DEL PAIS {UNA DE LAS CUALES» LA
[1216]ENDE} Y CINCO DE LOS. ONCE
[1220]FIGURABABN,
[1222]MENTE LA MITAD DE LA
[1224]MAYOR. ERA PROPIEDAD DE SALVADOR ALL
[1225]LA TELEVISION COMERCIAL CHILEGNA ESTA TOTALMENTE SOSTENBIDA POR EL
[1227]UNIVERSITARIO, DE NODO QUE NO DEPENDE POR
[1229]POR ANADIDURA. DURANTE UNA
[1231]ESTADO © POR EL SECTOR
[1233]DATE:
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[1265]VISION DE CHILE ESTABA CONTROLADA POR LOS MARXISTAS 0 POR SUS
[1267]SIMPATIZANTES + ESTA SITUACION CANBIO SOLO CUANDO LA UNIVERSIDAD
[1269]CATOLICA DE SANTIAGO LE ARRANSCO EL DOMIHIO DE. SU CANAL DE TV A LOS.
[1270]ALLENDISTAS Y SE UNIO A LA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE VALPARATSO EN
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[1273]CIUDADANIAs UTILIZANDO ESTACIONES DE RELEVO DE MICROONDA DE
[1275]ELABORACION CASERA- . TRUNFARON EN ESTE EMPENO EN UNA MEDIDA ASOMBROSA
[1277]MIENTRAS SALVAGA SS LOS OOSTACULOS DE TODO TIPO. AUN FISICOSs Que EL
[1278]REGIMEN LES INTERPONLTA PARA IMPEDIRSELO- ¥ i
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[1281]SESENTA PORCIENTO BE SU VOLUMEN PUBLICITARIO NORMAL A MEDIADOS DE
[1282]U97b. Y CUALQUIER ESTACTION RADTAL CORRIENTEs NO AFILIADA A LA UNIDAD
[1283]PROMEDIABA UN OCHENTA PEORCIENTO DE PERDIDAS SEMEUANTES. ¥
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[1286]ESTA EROSION PUBLICITARIA’ CONTINUO HACIENDO ESTRAGOS A MEDIDA QUE
[1288]LAS PEQUENAS EMPRESAS IHDEPENDTENTES FUERGN SUSPENDIENDO sus
[1290]ANUNCIOS AL IRSE AGOTANDO SUS— “EXISTENCTAS DE MERCANCIAS 0 AL ,
[1292]SOBREPASAR POR MUCHO LA DEMANDA A LOS ABSTECINIENTOS DISPONSIGLES-
[1294]DATE: 1
[1298]UNIT:
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[1334]Y A LO LARGO DE TODO ESTE PERIODO ELEVABANSE CONJUNTAMENTE LOS COSTOS |
[1336]DE PUBLICACION Y TRANSMISION, IMPELIDOS POR LA INFLACTON DE DOS
[1337]CIFRAS QUE ARRASABA AL PAIS Y QUE ASCENDIO A TRES A PARTIR DE 1972. y
[1338]LAS AUTORIDADES GUBERNAMENTALES NEGABAN ENTRETANTO TODAS LAS
[1340]SOLICITUDES DE LICCNCIA PARA IMPORTAR PIEZAS DE REPUESTO Y EQUIPOS
[1342]DE REEMPLAZO PARA LAS PLANTAS QUE SE PETERIORABAN, Y EN EL CASO DE LAS.
[1344]RADIOENTSORAS, DE ELEMENTOS TAN ESENCIALES Como SON LAS UNIDADES
[1345]GRABADORAS: Y LAS CINTAS MAGNETOFONICAS. ¥
[1347]EN CUAKTO A EL MERCURIO Y A MUCHAS ESTACIONES DE RADIO. LOS
[1348]SINDICATOS MANEJADOS POR LA UNIDAD POPULAR TRATABAN DE INVENTAR
[1349]PRETEXTOS PARA QUE EL GOBIERNO PROCEDIERA A ADUENARSE DE SUS EMPRESAS
[1350]RECTORAS» LA DE EL NFERCURIO. QUE PUBLICA TRES ROTATIVOS DIARIOS EN
[1351]ESTA CAPITAL Y OTROS CINCO EN DISTINTAS PARTES DE LA NACION. FUE
[1352]ODJETO DE INVESTIGACIONES FISCALES. DE ACUSACIONES DE NEGOCIAR
[1353]ILEGALMENTE EN DIVISAS Y DE INSULTOS PERSONALMENTE LANZADOS CONTRA
[1355]ELLA POR ALLENDE. ¥
[1356]PERO EL ESFUERZO MAS VIGOROSO QUE REALIZARA EL REGIMEN PARA
[1358]TRATAR DE MANIPULAR A-LA PRENSA ESCRITA OPOSICIONISTA FUE LAS
[1360]DATE:
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[1394]INDEPENDIENTE, PRBOVEEDORA DE PAPEL PERIODIC PARA TODAS LAS
[1395]PUBLICACIONES NO PERTENECIENTES A LA UNIDAD POPULAR, ASI COMO TANBIEN
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[1397]EL GOBIERNO TRATO PRINERO DE ADQUIRIR LA MAYORIA DE LAS ACCIONES
[1398]DE LA EMPRESA, COMPRANDOSELAS A SUS 1b,000 ACCIONISTAS. LUEGO
[1399]INTENTO PERSUADIR AL CONGRESO PARA QUE /STABLECIERA UN MONOPOLTO
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[1406]ALZA DE LOS COSTOS DE PRODUCCION. ELLO HIZO GUE LA FIRMA PAPELERA
[1407]° DECLARA UNA PERDIDA DE 41100.000 DOLARES DURANTE LOS DOCE MESES Que
[1408]FINALIZARON EL 30 DE JUNIO DE 19721 PERDIDAS QUE AUMENTARON A UN
[1409]RITMO DE 120,000 DOLARES DIARIOS MAS TARBDE EN ESE NISNO ANO.
[1410]SEGUN MANIEFESTARON LOS SINDICATOS DE LA PROPIA EMPRESAs LA
[1412]DATE:
[1413]ORG:
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[1441]AUTORIZACION PARAS SUBIR LOS PRECIOS CONCEDIDA POR EL REGIMEN EN
[1442]OCTUBRE DE 1972 PROPORCIONO MENOS DE LA MITAD DEL ALIVIO ECONONICO -
[1444]QUE SE NECESITABA- ¥.
[1445]POR OTRA PARTE. AL COMENZAR EL ANO 1972, LA SITUACION DE LAS
[1447]“ESTACIONES DE RADIO NO-ALLENDISTAS ERA DESEPERADA- DoS VECES DURANTE
[1449]ESE ANO EL CONGRESO APROBO UN IMPUESTO ESPECIAL PARA AYUDAR A COSTEAR |
[1450]TODAS LAS ENISORAS VETANDO ANBAS INICIATIVAS EL PRESIDENTE DE LA ,
[1453]EN SEPTIENARE DESPUES ‘DEL SEGUNDO DE ews ios VETOSs PARECIA Que
[1455]LAS CUATRO ESTACIONES MAS IMPORTANTES DE ESTA CAPITAL NO ADSCRITAS A
[1456]LA UNIDAD BPOPULAR SUCUMBIRIAN. NO OBSTANTE EST9s SOBREVIVIERON Y
[1457]FORMARON PARTE DE UNA RED YVOLUNTARIA DE EMISORAS APODADA "CADENA
[1459]DENOCRATICAs” LA CUAL LE BRINDO A LA OPOSICION ABuTIALLENDIBSTA UNA
[1461]TRIBUNA DE EXPRESION PARA COMPETIR CON EL FRENTE DE ESTACIONES
[1462]ORGANIZADO SIATLARMENTE POR LA UNIDAD POPULAR A TRAVES DE TODA LA
[1465]SALVARONSE IGUALNENTE LA EMPRESA PAPELERA ribePENDIENTE Y EL
[1467]MERCURIO» TAMBIEN ESCAPARON CON VIDA EL DIARIO La PRENSAs
[1469]DATE:
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[1500]DE ALLENDE PE
[1501]" _FUNDADO POR EL. PARTIDO NACIONAL EN LOS CONTENZOS DE LA PRESIDENCIA
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[1519]DE OPOSICION, DIEZMANDO CON ESTA ULTINA TECTICA AL TRADICIONAL
[1521]LENO. Y ESFORZANDOSE POR HACER ZOZOBRAR AL PARTIDO
[1523]STA, BESTRUYENDO EL PODERTO ECONONICO
[1525]ENPLEO TAMBIEN LAS TECNICAS DE HOSTIGANIENTO
[1526]AR CONTRA LOS. PARTIDOS POLITICOS
[1528]PARTIDO RADICAL CHI
[1529]NACIONAL. DE TENDENCIA DERECHI
[1531]De SUS ELEMENTOS PRINCIPALES- ¥
[1532]COMO. EN CHILE LA LEY NO EXIGE QUE SE DE CUENTA DEL APOYO
[1534]ECONOMICO DESTINADO A LA POLITICEA, RESULTA DIFICIL AVERIGUAR Como SE
[1536]| DESENVOLVIERON ECONOMZCAMENTE BAU
[1538]DATE:
[1539]. ORIG:
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[1548]Cuan nw carne REPROOUT YW BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PI BITED — 2 IMPDET
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[1569]COMP: INFO: FILE a no mere!
[1571]G wines 4
[1573]EN LA ESFERA POLITICA, EL OBJETIVO PRINGRDIAL GE LA UNIDAD POPULAR
[1574]ERBA EL PARTIDO DOMOCRATBA- “CRISTIANO, EL MAS GRAVE DE TODOS LOS
[1575]PARTIDOS POLITICOS DE LA NACION. DE LAS SEIS AGKUPACIONES INTEGRANTES
[1576]DE LA UNIDAD POPULARs LOS CUMUNISTAS SOBRE TOLO SE PERCATARON DE Lo”
[1577]ESENCIAL QUE RESULTABA PARA ESTADILIZAR AL GOGIERKS MINOKITARIO DE
[1578]ESA COALICION GAWARSE EL APOYO DE LA DEMOCRACIA CRIZTIANAs 0 SI NO
[1579]DIVIDIRLA. ¥ | - _
[1581]PERO A NO SER POR LA PEQUENA FRAGNENTACIGN OCUFRIDA POCOS DIAS
[1582]LESPUES DE LAS ELECCIONES PRCSIDENCIALES DE 1970+ LOS DEMOCRATA~
[1583]CRISTIANOS MANTUVIERON INTACTA SU UNIDAD, EVOLUCIONANDO GRADUALMENTE
[1584]DE UNA POSICION DE ADVERSARIOS LBEALES DEL GOBIERNO A OTRA DE BOB
[1585]OPOSICION IRREDUCTIALE. ¥
[1587]TRATAHDO DE RESCATAR A SALLENDEs CUYO PROPIO PARTIDO SOCIALISTAs.
[1588]DE FILIACION MARXISTA, REPRESENTABA ZL MAS NUTRIEG DE LOS ELENENTOS
[1589]IRRACIONALES GUE CONFORMABAN LA UNIDAD POPULAR, LOS COMUNISTAS
[1590]LLEGARON INCLUSO A PEDIRLE AYUDA A LA IGLESIA CATOLICAs ROGANDOLE
[1591]QUE MEDIARA CON LA DEMOGRACIA CRISTIANA PARA CONTRIEUIR A APUNTALAR
[1593]AL REGIMCN CUANDO ESTE SE VENIA ABAJO. ¥
[1595]DATE:
[1596]ORIG:
[1597]UNIT:
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[1602]60080-n40Na OFRcERe AUTRE NTICATING OFFICER
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[1605]CL BY:
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[1609]CL AB EON tape
[1611]14-00000
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[1619]onr 60 0 it) Q 0 g
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[1623]SECRET
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[1632]MAS ERA YA DEMASIADO TARDE. HACIA MUCHO TIEMPO AYE SALVADOR
[1634]ALLENDE HABIA SELLADO SU SUERTE CON LOS DENOCRATA-CRISTIAHOSs AL
[1636]FALTAR SISTEMATICAMENTE A TODAS LAS PROMESAS QUE LES HICIERA A
[1638]CAMBIO DE LOS VOTOS aue NECESITAGAGHE PARA QUE EL CONGRESO
[1640]DETERMINARA SU ELECCION A LA PRIMERA MAGISTRATURAs Y AL CONFESARLE ;
[1642]CINICANENTE AL INTELECTUAL SOCIALISTA FRANCES REGIS DEGRAY EN UNA
[1644]ENTREVISTA GUE HAGIA FORMULADO ESAS PROMESAS EXCULUSIVAMENTE PARA
[1646]ASEGURAR SU NOMBRAMNIENTO CONO PRESIDENTE. ¥
[1648]2. NO FILE. E€-ef INPDET.d
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[1702]-TO! .BANGKOKs JAKARTAy HONG KONGs MANILAy RANGOON, SAIGON, SEOUL) |
[1704]“'SURABAYAs TAIPEL, TOKYO. VIENTIANE, BOGOTA, BRASILIA, MONTEVIDEO.
[1706]BPORT AU PRINCE. RIO DE JANEIRO. SAO PAULO, COLOMBO. DACCAs
[1707]NEW DELHI> BONN, BONN BASEs BRUSSELS: BERN» BERLIN» THE HAGUE»
[1708]"HAMBURG. LISBON. LONDON» PARIS» ACCRA; ADDIS ABABA. KHARTOUM,
[1710]- LAGOS» LUSAKA. MONROVIA, NAIROBI.-¥ ie
[1711]BOOK CABLE ¥ . . 7 UM euct
[1712]QRPEG OL ¥ Bo fe pe
[1713]. Ls "WATERGATE" A COMMO! PHENOMENON IN USSR. ("HY TIMES.” |
[1714]“@ OCTOBER». SOVIET HISTORIAN AND POLITICAL DISSIDENT ROY MEDVEDEV
[1715]HAS CHARGED SOVIET PRESS WITH SUPPRESSING NEWS ABOUT WATERGATE
[1716]MGECAUSE REGINE FEARS REVEALING TO SOVIET PUBLIC HOU INDEPENDENT
[1717]JUDICIARY, FREE PRESS AND ELECTED LEGISLATIVE BODIES CAN RESTRAIN
[1718]EXECUTIVE POWER.--WATERGATE-TYPE ABUSES ARE COMMON IN USSRa eur
[1719]SOVIET ESTABLISHMENT IS SECURELY SHIELDED NOT ONLY FROM FALSE CHARGES
[1720]“BUT ALSO FROM LEGITIMATE INVESTIGATION OF REAL ABUSES OF POUER..-FOR
[1722]EXAMPLE... ABORTIVE ATTEMPT BY PROSECUTOR IN GEORGIAN REPUBLIC TO GET
[1724]PERMISSION TO SEARCH APARTMENT AND rnFERROGATC 7) ae REPUBLIC'S
[1726]paTe:, 40 OCTOBER 4974 [Ngbbeee
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[1731]Grsemtanon REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICES: PROMTETTED £2 IMPOET
[1733]SECRET CL BY: 011074
[1736]14.90000
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[1751]O smse a
[1752]FORTIER LEADER MZHAVANADZEs "WHO WAS TOPPLED IN SEPTEMBER y972 ANID |
[1754]CHARGES OF WHOLESALE CORRUPTION AND GRAFT THAT ‘CHARACTERIZED HIS
[1755]> RULE. « «ALTHOUGH THERE WAS MORE THAN ENOUGH EVIDENCE TO WARRANT THIS
[1756]TYPE OF INVESTIGATIONH> | HIGHER PARTY. OFFICIALS WOULD NOT PERMIT IT-"¥
[1758]ane en ee a
[1760]2.. EAST GERMANS REAFFIRM SEPARATION FROM WEST ON 25TH ANNI~ ,
[1762]VERSARY- JOHN GOSHKO URITES IN "WASHINGTON POST” oF 6 OCTOBER THAT.
[1764]EAST GERMANY'S "NEW SENSE OF ASSERTIVENESS” was DEMONSTRATED ON
[1765]7 OCTOBER ANNIVERSARY. OF FOUNDING OF STATE BY LARGEST PARADE EVER
[1766]STAGED BY EAST GERMAN PEOPLE'S ARMY: "THOUSANDS OF JACK-BOOTED
[1767]TROBAOPS MADE STREETS OF EAST BERLIN ECHO TO THUD OF TRADITIONAL
[1769]“PRUSSIAN GOOSE STEP-.-SEEMINGLY ENDLESS WAVE OF SOLDIERS IN
[1770]RIGIDLY DISCIPLINED RANKS. «HOLDING OF PARADE IN EAST BERLIN
[1771]CONSTITUTED DEFIANCE OF FOUR-POWER RESPONSIBILITY FOR ALL OF
[1772]BERLIN: «+ IN PROTEST: 2 NATO NATIONS WHICH RECOGNIZE EAST GERMANY»
[1774]REFUSED TO SEND REPRESENTATIVES TO CELEBRATIONS IN EAST BERLIN« ++
[1775]CWJHICM HIE HEST sf SOVIET BLOC Tale
[1776]EAST GERMAN STANDARD OF LIVING) U THIRTY RIV PERCENT BELOW THAT OF o
[1778]o- WEST GERMANY... DESPITE LIVING STANDARDS EAST GERMANY IS eens
[1779]ONE OF MOST CLOSED SOCIETIES IN SOVIET BLOC -- MORE REGINENTED IN
[1781]OATS:
[1782]ORG:
[1783]UNIT:
[1787]te
[1789]* steams Coreen Cooke THe OFFERS AyTwEWTncATNs COME ER
[1791]- Guasencaniom . REPRODUCT'~ BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICEISPRO «TED -£ 2. IMPDET
[1792]SECRET ~ ~ cu BY: 011078
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[1801]oo8 to ae tn 1088
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[1804]SECRET ae rue anoue en ‘eavasen eertoencs mruues
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[1807]: a . lif) DO «nese PER
[1810]‘MANY WATS THAN SOVIET UNION ITSELF.+-EAST GERMAN GOVERNMENT OWES ITS
[1812]PRESENT SUCCESS TO GERLIN WALL AND CONTINUED MAINTENANCE OF WALL
[1814]ALONG ITS ELO-MILE BORDER WITH WEST GERMANY."¥
[1816]3. EGYPT CANCELS ORDER FOR SOVIET PLANES. CAIRO. 29 SEPTEMBER.
[1817]WEEKLY NEWSPAPER "AKHBAR AL-YON REPORTS THAT EGYPT HAS DECIDED. TO
[1818]CANCEL ITS ORDER. FOR EIGHT RUSSIAN*BUILT TU- 454 JET AIRLINERS» “CITING
[1819]"NUMEROUS AND MAJOR DEFECTS” IN AIRCRAFT'S PERFORMANCE THAT
[1820]JEOPARDIZE SAFETY OF PASSENGERS. ONE OF PLANES CRASHED IN FLAMES
[1822]| DURING TRAINING FLIGHT 10 JULY. KILLING TWO EGYPTIANS AND FOUR SOVIET
[1824]CREWMEN- CAACT CAUSE OF: ACCIDENT HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED AND OTHER
[1825]PLANES OF THIS TYPE HAVE BEEN GROUNDED. NEWSPAPER SBATD EGYPTIAN
[1827]AVIATION ORGANIZATION WOULD FILE CLAIMS WITH THE SOVIET EXPORT FIRAs
[1828]MFAVIA"s FOR REIMBURSEMENT OF 427.5 MILLION ALREADY PAID ON THE 642-5
[1830]MILLION DEAL-¥
[1831]4. NO CUBAN/SOVIET RESPONSE ON SETTING PRISONERS FREE. NEUE
[1833]ZUERCHER ZEITUNG CARRIED AFP REPORT FROM SANTIAGO, 24 SEPTENBERs THAT
[1834]GENERAL PINOCHET. CHIEF OF CHILGEAN JUNTA» HAD SAID NEITHER CUBA NOR
[1836]SOVIET UNION HAD RESPONDED TO CHILEAN CHALLENGE OF O11 SEPTENGER TO
[1838]DATE:
[1839]ORIG:
[1840]UNIT:
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[1843]pelea tee COPED Cocmomares GFPCERG ~ aynere Tce Tees OF PER
[1845]cameron ; REPRODUCTION av OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE 15 PROHIBITED = 2 IMPDET
[1846]SECRET : cL BY: 911078
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[1862]CONF: ° INFO: mee, a war anes orssem BY:
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[1870]NG PINOCHET
[1872]RELEASE SAME NUNGER OF PRISONERS AS CHILE WAS RELEASI
[1873]ALSO SAID FOREIGN MINISTRY ‘AND CHILEAN EMBASSIES ARE RECEIVING
[1874]HUNDREDS OF LETTERS DAILY FROM RELATIVES OF SOVIET PRISONERS» AND
[1875]THAT THESE LETTERS WERE BEING FORWARDED TO INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS.
[1876]HE ALSO REVEALED, HE WOULD “RECHEIVE DELEGATION FROM BUENOS AIRES OF.”
[1877]UKRAINIANS“IN-EXILE WHO WOULD GIVE CHILEAN OFFICIALS INFORMATION ON
[1878]SOME FIFTY UKRAINIANS WHO ARE POLITICAL PRISONERS IN USSR- yo :
[1879]S. EDITORIAL IN MEXICO ‘CITY INDEPENDENT DAILY. LA PRENSA”
[1880]28 SEPTEMBER» ACCUSED KGB OF SPYING AND INTERVENING IN LATIN ANERTCAN
[1881]AFFAIRS. COMMENTING ON PERUVIAN FOREIGN MINISTER'S STATEMENT a
[1882]AGAINST CIA ACTIVITIES IN LATIN AMERICA, EDITORIALIST WROTE THAT THE
[1883]KGB SHOULD GET OUT OF LATIN ANERICA- ™,..THAT SINISTER RED POLITICAL
[1884]ORGANIZATION WHICH HAS COMMITTED SO. MANY. DASTARDLY CRISNES IN OUR
[1885]COUNTRY SUCH AS THE ASSASSINATION OF TROTSKY. KGB HAS ESTABLISHED
[1886]BOOK PUBLISHERS USED BY THE FASCIST LEFTISTS TO INFILTRATE PARTIES,
[1887]MEETINGS AND LITERARY GATHERINGS. KGB USED. THE PRESS AND GROUPS OF
[1888]ARTISTS» INTELLECTUALS» WRITERS AND JOURNALISTS TO SING THE PRAISES
[1890]OF A RED DICTATORSHIP: e+ THE KGE SHOULD GET OUT WITH ITS THOUSANDS
[1894]ORIG:
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[1898]ee Copeo atin OPTIC ERD auteewnca Tied OPVICee
[1900]easerceron REPRODUCT BY OSHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE ISPROI ED = E 2 IMPDET
[1903]SEcRET — cL BY: 031078
[1905]14.90000
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[1918]OF SPIES SPREAD THROUGHOUT OUR HEMISPHERE...” . &
[1921]b. IPu COUNCIL RECOGNIZE H VIETNAM. TOKYO NEWSPAPERS OF
[1923]2 OCTOBER REPORT EXTENSIVELY ON OPENING OF INTER-PARL IANENTARY COUNCIL
[1924]MEETING AND SAID HEBATED DEBATE TOOK PLACE Th FIRST SESSION OVER
[1925]SEATING OF SOUTH VIETNAMESE DELEGATION. “RAINICHI" STORY SAID SOVIETS”
[1926]AND RUMANIANS IMMEDIATELY CHALLENGED mQUALIFICATIONS” OF SOUTH
[1927]VIETNAMESE AND DEMANDED THAT LATTER BE €XPELLGED FROM CONFERENCE AND.
[1929]“THAT PROVISIONAL REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT {PRG} BE SEATED IN THEIR
[1931]PLACE. "MAINICHL” SAID THAT ROLL CALL VOTE WAS HELD, AND SOUTH
[1933]VIETNAMESE DELEGATION WAS SELECTED "BY OVERWHELMING MAJORITY TO
[1935]PARTICIPATE IN THE CONFERENCE. EDITORIAL IN ASAHI" SAID THAT BITTER
[1937]CONTROVERSIES WOULD ARISE AT THIS SESSION OF IPU. WHICH HAS MORE THAN
[1939]SIXTY NATIONS PARTICIPATING: INCLUDING BOTH NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA.
[1941]BUT THAT "IT IS.--SIGNIFICANT IN ITSELF ‘THAT PARLIAMENTARIANS OF
[1943]WORLD EXCHANGE UNRESERVED OPINIONS ON CURRENT INTERNATIONAL PROBLENS.°¥
[1944]2. CAMBODIAN MOSLEMS APPEAL FOR HELP AGAINST COMMUNIST ATROCI-
[1946]TIES. PHNOM PENH. @? SEPTEMBER {SAIGON POSTE: “TUO MOSLEM ORGANIZA-
[1948]TIONS IN CAMBODIA. SPEAKING FOR ALMOST A MILLION KHMER MOSLEMS, HAVE
[1950]DATE:
[1951]ORIG:
[1952]UNIT:
[1956]meg A teg OFFER COORD NAT ae COPK EHO AUTRENTCa Tes OFRCER
[1958]e.aseu carom REPRODUCTION GY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED §=—«E2 IMPDET ©
[1959]SECRET CL BY: QOLLO7A
[1961]14.90000
[1963]OUTGOING MESSAGE-— [qo i
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[1972]6045 34 Q mnasro PER
[1973]en rere
[1975]APPEALED TO ALL ISLAMIC COMMUNITIES TO SEND DELEGATIONS TQ CAMBODIA
[1977]FOR FIRSTHAND VIEW OF THE @'INFERNO' CREATED 6Y INDOCHINESE
[1979]COMMUNISTS. _ ACCORDING TO THESE ORGANIZATIONS, UHENEVER COMMUNISTS
[1981]CAPTURED A VILLAGE. NEN, UOMEN AND CHILDREN OF MOSLEM FAITH WERE
[1983]“MARCHED TO A CONCENTRATION CAMP AND THEIR HOMES WERE BURNED TO THE
[1985]THE OLD AND WEAK WERE KILLEDS THE HEALTHY WERE FORCED TO
[1986]TO HELP DEFEND
[1988]GROUND:
[1989]GIVE UP THEIR RELIGION AND WORK FOR THE COMMUNISTS.
[1990]THEIR RELIGION AND THEIR ADOPTED COUNTRY AGAINST COMMUNIST DEPRE-
[1991]DATIONS, KHMER MOSLEMS ORGANIZED A BRIGADE. NOW PART OF THE CAMBODIAN
[1992]ARMED FORCES. AND MANY MOSLEMS HAVE GIVEN THEIR LIVES ON THE BATTLE
[1993]FIELD. IN THEIR APPEAL, CAMBODIAN moSLEMS BEGGED FELLOW MBOSLENS
[1994]ALL OVER WORLD TO UNITE IN EFFORT TO COMPEL NORTH VIETNAMESE AND-
[1995]OTHER INDOCHINESE COMMUNISTS TO CEASE BLOODSHED IN INDOCHINA. my
[1997]8 IRAN INCENSED BY NORTH KOREAN GEHAVIOR. TEHRAN, 8-22
[1998]SEPTEMGER {TEHRAN JOURNAL AND KAYHAN INTERNATIONAL}: THO OF TEHRAN'S
[1999]LEADING NEWSPAPERS CARRIED REPORTS ON HOU NORTH KOREAN ROWDYISM HAD
[2000]MARRED ASIAN GAMES, AND CRITICIZED ER CERIO. ONE REPORT CARRIED
[2002]HEADLINE, "WHENEVER THERE'S TROUBLES THERE" S-A NORTH KOREAN.” AFTER
[2004]DATE:
[2005]ORIG:
[2006]UNIT:
[2008]EXT:
[2010]6528
[2012]COgRO-NaTD OFen eR ’ APR RC Pend OPN ED
[2014]nePaoouctio¥BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE 1S PROHIBITED’ «EG 2 IMPDET
[2015]cu BY: 031074
[2017]Re Leasoes Orman
[2019]Conse alion
[2021]SECRET
[2023]14-0000
[2025]OUTGOINL MESSAGE
[2027]MONA. CANTER OE OME
[2028]ace co aco too a ro:
[2030]OnF OQ 0 0 0 oO  O.. oO... .
[2032]Csegemanon
[2034]SECRET
[2035]waseace ARIE MNLATOR Oara-tase enowe - oro seeanes wer7aeqm a wEodo
[2036]oe Domo OISSEM BY:
[2037]CONF: - _ INFO: FILE “34: O cs woes: :
[2038]_ : (el? S O ncreenss PER
[2040]NORTH KOREAN OLYMPIC SILVER MEDALIST BOXER LOST BOUTs NORTH KOREAN
[2041]COACHES, MANAGER AND NEWSMEN ATTACKED INDONESIAN REFEREE, THEN
[2042]ENGAGED IN BATTLE WITH POLICE AT MOHAMMED REZA SHAH STADIUM. RULES
[2043]COMMITTEE UPHELD DECISION ON BOUT, THEN CENSURED NORTH KOREAN
[2044]PROTESTERS FOR PUNCHING JUDGES AND BREAKING FURNITURE. SIX TRUCK~
[2045]LOADS OF POLICE WERE NEEDED TO RESTORE ORDER. NORTH KOREAN FENCING
[2047]AND SOCCER TEAMS REFUSED TO COMPETE AGAINST ISRAELIS, AND GOTH MEN'S
[2049]AND WOMEN'S BASKETBALL TEANS ‘REFUSED TO PLAY SOUTH KOREANS. WHEN
[2051]NORTH KOREA" S VOLLEYBALi PLAYERS DID CONSENT TO TAKE ON south KOREAN
[2052]TEAM, NEWSHEN CONCLUDED NORTH KOREANS HAD AGREED ONLY BECAUSE THERE
[2053]YAS TO BE A NET BETWEEN THEM! MOST SENSATIONAL PRESS COVERAGE
[2054]CONCERNED NORTH KOREAN WEIGHTLIFTER WHO. STRIPPED OF RIS THREE AWARDS
[2055]WHEN DRUG TESTS PROVED POSITIVE, OBJECTED VIOLENTLY AND REFUSED TO
[2057]RETURN GOLD MEDALS. E2 IMPDET. a
[2059]OATE:
[2061]ORIG:
[2062]UNIT:. oa . - ‘
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[2070]cusssnd anon REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE 1S PRONIGITED € 2 IMPDET
[2071]SECRET : Ct By: 033078
[2073]14.90000
[2075]gu. 8
[2076]CUTOE BOLOTAx INFO SANTIAGO. , Clowes
[2078]PRISOKER EXCHANGE PROPOSAL: IS TEXT SANTIAGO Bo i CABLE 60094
[2080]OUTGOING MESSAGE, |
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[2099]Le FOLLOYING FOR YOUR BACKGROUND USE IN aoe vanes Pp rir Teé Ne Stey
[2100]ANDRAS BONO
[2102]L |
[2104]oct:
[2105]"|. RECENT PUBLIC LETTER TO CARDINAL RAUL SILVA REQUESTED HIS
[2107]JOSIETANCE IN OOTAINING RELEASE OF JURT GRIGOVICVICH PRONING CURRCNTLY
[2109]DETAINED IN USSR. LETTER FROM DETAINEE'S WIFE. A CHILEAN CITIZEN
[2111]WAVED MARIA ELIANA Es DE PRONING WAS GIVEN PRAOMINENT LOCAL PRESS
[2113]COVERAGE SEPT 2b» TEXT OF LETTER WAS WRITTEN IN SOMETIMES IRONICAL
[2114]TONE APPEALING TO CADRDINAL'S "NOBLE CHRISTIAN HEART TOWARDS CHILEAN
[2115]POLITICAL DETAINEES.” CONTINUING, DETAINEES'S WIFE SAID SHE BELIEVES
[2116]AN AUTHORITY SUCH AS THE CARDINAL, "UHO HAS SO MANY TIMES DEFENDED
[2117]THE TETAINEES OF THE LEFT." COULD INFLUENCE SOVIET AUTHORITIES TO
[2118]RELEASE HER HUSBAND, SAID MARRIED PRONIN IN JANUARY 1968. AND
[2120]HLSGAND SINCE AUGUST L9L8 DETAINED IN“UJTA CAMP Soff VING TRIED TO.
[2123]ons lr ala _—
[2124]UNIT: . of Hi6 A -_
[2127]Veo —
[2129]ma dates Coe ee ae 78 am AUTETWNE Ate OF MCER
[2130]ceneeecatane REPROOUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING O ICES paohiosreD E_2.___IMPOET
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[2133]SECRET
[2137]14-0000
[2139]OUTGOING MESSAGE
[2141]SUMaL CONTE UAE ONLY
[2142]ace co aur tue wa an
[2144]OMF O () a 0 o 40
[2146]Cus dowsca non
[2148]SECRET . _
[2149]M2 DEAE MARDI HOICATOR . OATS -1198 GROUP one , HONEA) RAPERENCE MOEA -
[2150]STAFF 7 DIRECTOR
[2151]; ; a ce, OD worn DISSEM BY
[2152]CONF: © mo INFO: FILe Ono mose :
[2153]- Cad Gl fe Q aeruan ro PER
[2154]O  woane e
[2156]LEAVE USSR ILLEGAULY. ¥
[2157]Ma. CARDINAL RESPONDED PUGLIC (OCT 1} IN FORM OF LETTER TO
[2159]CONSERVATIVE “EL MERCURIO," RELTERATING HIS INTENTION TO USE ALL HIS
[2161]STRENGTH TO HELP THOSE WHO SUFFER." REGARDLESS OF OTHER
[2163]CONSIDERATIONS." IN RESPONSE. CARDINAL ASSURED WIFE AND PUBLIC THAT
[2165]HE WOULD DO ALL POSSIOLE ON DETAINEE'’S BEHALF. ALTHOUGH HE HAS NO
[2167]- RELATIONS WITH USSR AND IS NOT OPTIMISTIC. ¥
[2169]"3. COMMENT. PRESS COVERAGE OF LETTER EXCHANGE. AND PERHAPS.
[2170]REGUEST ITSELFs IS OBVIOUS CONTINUATION OF PRESS HARASSMENT OF.
[2171]CARDINAL FOR HIS CRITICISM OF GOC HUMAN RIGHTS STANCE. AND FOR HIS
[2172]SILENCE DURING CHILEAN HUE AND CRY OVER HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN
[2173]USSR AND CUBA. IN HIS RESPONSE, CARDINAL SOFTLY REBUKED CRITICS AND
[2174]GOC ‘BY STATING, "MOREOVER I BELIEVE IT IS CLEAR TO YOU {EL MERCURIO}
[2175]THAT THE CARDINAL'S REQUESTS TO AUTHORETIES:: EVENTHOSE UITH MORE
[2177]INTINATE TIES TO HIM, ARE NOT ALWAYS WELL RECEIVED.” ¥
[2179]4. NO FILE. €-2 IMPDET-d  *
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[2212]Sun ss
[2214]ACTION #
[2216]RE FILE vie
[2218]APslee2 ACFE
[2222]TOR:
[2224]SECRET 121715442 SEP 74 STArr
[2225]ClTe SANTIASG 22338
[2227]To: PRIURITY DIRECTOR.
[2229]RYBAT
[2230]REF: SANTIAGS sesiel e) ByIZo2)
[2231]iy in Ge,
[2234]GHILEAN ComPatoue
[2235]"REPRESENTATIVE HARRINGTON AS SECgtio
[2237]EL MERCURIO CF 146 SEPTEMSE
[2239]SEWATOR KENNEDY. EL MERCURIO GUTLINES Gestc
[2241]WARRINGTON REVELATIONS AS: Ad TG GIVE
[2242]POLITICAL INTERESTS OF. (SENATOR) KENNEDYS 2
[2243]“ANTI eCHILE AN CAMPAIGN WHICH INTEMNATIONAL 79
[2244]iaND mas GREETLY INFILTRATED THE ACADEMIC ant
[2245]CLACLES SUPPERTING KENNEDY; ©) SIRECT FIRE
[2246]WHOSE PUBLICS TIONS AND OPINIONS SEEM TO wave
[2247]JMPACT INTERNATIONALLY,
[2249]| 2. EL MERCURIO FURTHER COMMENTS THAT basa
[2250]AN, ATTEMPT 1 IMPEDE THE ECONOMIC SEVELOOMEN
[2251]AND DIRECTLY CONNECTS WITH WORLDemIDE SOVIET
[2253]OUR GOVERNMENT EVEN AT THE COST OF CAUSING )
[2255][_ RECORD COPY" |
[2257]LOO 2t. .--
[2259]> Aor snsr: 2 Preside ne
[2261]1714622 tad 7
[2263]FEATURES EDITORIAL CACTI ONES Sxeytce
[2264](LUGAFTE
[2266]Be4ghL TION TO THe
[2268]. -
[2270]» 2 28
[2271]oe ° -
[2272]Ty tun oe
[2274]FEPRODULTION BY OTHER THAN
[2275]FRETING GPPITE 10 PROMIBITED
[2277]~ [sre pi Pornr
[2279]Tet Talne
[2283]“IN 362719 —
[2288]WIENTE) OF-
[2289]TIVES OF
[2291]) TO CONTINUE THE
[2292]MMUNISM HEADS
[2293]POLITICAL
[2295]AT THE CHILEAN DAILY
[2297]THE STRONGEST
[2299]RINGTON ATTAC4 {5S
[2300]1 OF CHILE (S30)
[2301]CEMPAIGN "TCG $7 RANGLE
[2302]HUNGER FOR
[2303]2 -/2b6-3
[2304]19 stp 7
[2306]14.90000
[2310]PIPE YD Pa .
[2311]CABLE BEE OFSSEM OV hem PTA CORB . UN By . .
[2312]. HEPRODUCTION OY OTHER THAN
[2313]s 3 Cc RET . INAUING OFFICE 168 PROHIBITED
[2314]PERSON UNIT NOUIREEO. OO nce ce eee teen - ee
[2316]ADVANCE COM? I8BUNR BROLTEO Oe WAY ee,
[2317]ACTION UME
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[2321]N
[2322]i oo
[2323]ACTION 6
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[2329]7 422494 ET A954
[2330]- TORS 1716402 SEP 74 "  «§AS0 (30338
[2332]THE CHILEAN PEOPLE WHILE THE GRANERIES OF THE UNITED STATES “ARE
[2334]EMPTIED FOR RUSSIA.”
[2336]3, AFTER TOUCHING SEVERAL OTHER BASES, EL MERCURIO CONCLUDES
[2337]By DENYING THAT THERE HAS EVER BEEN ANY “"YNCONFESSABLE”
[2338]INCOME IN [7S HISTORY, EL MERCURIO'S BOOKS WERE SUBVECT To MOST
[2339]THOROUGH, AND HOSTILE SCRUTINY DURING THE MARXIST REGIME WITHOUT
[2340]ANYONE BEING ABLE TO SPECIFY IRREGULARITEIES, THEREFORE, EL
[2341]MERCURIO REVECTS OWITH LEGITIMATE DISDAIN THE IRRESPONSIBLE
[2342]CHARGES MADE BY A CLOSE COLLABORATOR OF MR, KENNEDY AND
[2343]FEELS AUTHORIZED TO CONJECTURE THAT THE ATTACK 1S THE FRUIT
[2344]OF JOURNALISTIC [RRESPONSIAILITY OR OF THE ANIMOSITY OF THE
[2345]ADVISORS OF A PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE KHO 1S STOPPED SINCE
[2346]SEVERAL YEARS AGO IN HIS AMOITIONS BY THE MORAL EXAMINATION
[2348]PA SANS ee Sa BE
[2350]OF HIS ACTIONS TO WHICH HS HAS BEEN SUBJECTED IN HIS COUNTRY",
[2352]i 4, PRESIDENT FORDIS STATEMENTS ON CHILE FROM HIS 16 SEPTEMBER
[2353]NEWS CONFERENCE WERE CARRIED. IN FULL BY "EL MERCURIO" UNDER FRONT
[2355]: PAGE KEADLING "FORD: U.S, MAD NOTHING TO DO WITH FALL OF ALLENDE,”
[2356]"THERE WAS NO EDITORIAL COMMENT IN "EL MERCURIO" AND -NO NEWS OR
[2358]: EDITORIAL COVERAGE OF THE RRESLDENT'S STATEMENT IN "LA TERCERA",
[2360]~ Secs er
[2362]r a
[2364]1400000,
[2366]rou wie Pr Se ee 2) o of “
[2367]twa Ve . . \ . a « o 6 o 2@ 6
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[2371]COLE SEC UISnem ie te a A ees ee anu Sy :
[2372]f HEPROUUCTION OV OTNER THAN
[2373]. i SECRET? (9AUING OFFICE 18 PROMIBITED
[2374]PERBON/UfelT rere IE lee ee we eee ede _ eee ee eee knee ae
[2376]-AQYANCE CONT IS9URU SLOTTED ae eee
[2377]ACTION Utert t . _
[2379]‘| wr FILE VA.
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[2382]of .
[2383]wie eee cet ne dee Fennec gece eee neces mere ete nena een cane eee sense geen cena ren inane pectin openness teen
[2384]ot 422494 ELS951 (5 PAGE: 23°23 TN 362715
[2386]TOR11715422 SEP 74 SAGO 30338
[2388]wRS, ALLENDE 'S LTTACK AGAINST SECRETARY KISSINGEA WAS CAARTED IN
[2389]"LA TEACENA” GUT NOT IN “EL MERCURIO", oO
[2390]5, IN TAKING THE EXAGGERATED POSITIGN IT KAS ON THE REVEL
[2392]TIONS, EL HERCUS$O HAS LEFT ITSELF VULNERABLE rofié ING EMBARRASSED
[2396]AND CONTRADICTED EY ST&TEMENTS (SUCH &S THE PRESIDENT!S) THAT ARE
[2397]MORE ACCURATE PAESENTATIONS OF WHAT WENT ON IN CHILE PRE=COUF,
[2398]EL MERCUNIO MAY WELL HAVE TAME THIS POSITION JECAUSE, BESIDES
[2399]THEIR RIGrTew1G VIEKS, THE CURRENT MANAGEMENT I$ GENUINELY
[2400]IGNGRANT OF THE FUNDING THAT TOOK PLACE WHEN FUBRIG-2 WAS RUNNING
[2401]THE SHOW, FUBASGe2 WHO SCHEDULED To RETURN 10 CHILE 18 SEPTEMBER,
[2402]WAS TOLD COS THs7 NO ONE CURRENTLY aT EL MERCURIO KNOWS OF FUND=
[2403]ING, EVEN CURRENT MINISTER OF ECONOMY LENIZ DOES NOT KNOW DETAILS
[2404]BUT HA SUSPICIOS £30UT INFUSION OF Gunds THa? TOOK PLACE IN U.P,
[2405]ER, WE WILL ATTEMPT TO MONITOR INTERNAL EL MERCURIO REACTION
[2406]THROUGH FUZRIG@Z,
[2408]6+ FILES GEFER. E2 IMPDET
[2410]ee SECRET
[2412]14-0000
[2414]. aie sto uisses oA ven 2,
[2415]. : od
[2417]“1 CM SON UNIT NOTIFIEO
[2419]arPenagut TN, ny ater tn
[2420]ISSUING OFF tem 1S PROMICITI
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[2423]“yon unr _ Fine re 4583 io bsfeg3, <
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[2426]t PETES EL456¢8 ‘ /FsGe o1 IN 362362
[2427]TOR? 1645362 Sep 74 _C $460 | 30318» _
[2429]ar Ret 1615402, SEP 75 STAFF
[2430]CITE SANTIAGO 30318
[2431]To: DIRECTOR,
[2433]REFS! Ay “SANT AGO 3a293P 35894)
[2434]«8. SANTIAGO EMBASSY S628 LAD 34
[2435]1. Gu, wescuaton of se gzpteesa sepa DEWeTED ENTIRE PAGE 29
[2436]TO HARRINGTON AEVELATIONS ABOUT Cla. FUNDING IN CHILE UNDER
[2437]HEADLINE "KESKEDY PLAN AGAINST EL MERCURIO, COVERAGE
[2438]INCLUQED Comever E TEXT OF HARRINGTON LETTER 10 MR, THOMAS
[2439]MORGAN AND REPRINTS OF SeyMaUA ME ERSCH ARTICLE FROM "NEW
[2440]YORK TIMES® AND AP DISPATCH FROM “WASHINGTON STAR", LaTtéea
[2441]IDENTIFYING "EL MERCURTO™ 4s CHILEAN NEWSPAPER ALLEGEDLY
[2442]RECEIVING FUNDS FROM C1A, ALSO INCLUDED & 13 SeeremBER ap
[2443]ITEM DATE LINED WASHINGTON QUOTING DIRECTOR COLBY THAT
[2444]"CIA WAS NOT INvotvEd IN THE MILTTaay¥Y coyen, ‘
[2445]2+ 00 NOT Kigw REASONS THT MOTIVATED NEL me cacyargu®
[2446]70 PUSLISH EXTEVSIVE COVERAGE. GF HAART TON REVELeTLONS, te
[2448]SPECULATE THEY cECIDED TO TaKE OFFENSIVE TO ATtaver 70
[2450]MTT gave Uamasins NATURE OF THE MATERIA AGAINST "EL
[2451]SECRET
[2453]RECORD COPY . fb Sep of
[2455]14-00000
[2457]TOTAL COPIES . PUN OF
[2459]aint SEC OFBSEM AY ares ee Ling --
[2460]° 1 nepacpuc TIO AY OTHER THAN
[2463]*| 5 £ Cc RET ISSUING OFFIC’ (8 FrOmIaITED
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[2472]ee is | : Cy o,
[2474]“FJ eipiad «es 4868 PAGE 22 “IN 3612562. |
[2476]TOR: 2615352 SEP 74 $440 32318
[2478]MeRcuRto" ITSELF, THE HEADLINE AND A SHORT EDITORIAL COMMENT
[2480]INTRODUCING A435VE COVERAGE DESCRIBES THESE DEVELOPMENTS
[2481]“as “NEW AND GaOTEeSSoUE EPISODE IN THE ANTI-CHILEAN CAMPAIGN"
[2482]AND ATTEMPTS 10 TIE REPRESENTATIVE HARAINGTON CLOSELY TO
[2483]SENATOR EDWARD KENNEDY (WHO HAS SINCE THE CQUP BEEN UNDER
[2484]STEADY ATTACK HERE FOR HIS CRITICISM GF THE MILITARY [NTER}
[2486]VENTION AND SUSSECUENT EVENTS “IN CHILE). "EL MERUCIRO" MAKES © 3
[2488]CONNECTION MI? Wacom REVELATIONS. BE REP, HARRINGTON BY
[2489]"EL mERCUA IS", GF dae ARTICLE FROM "MC CALLS" KHICH DEALT WITH
[2490]CHAPPAQUIVICK IN A MANNER UNFAVORABLE TO SENATOR KENNEDY.
[2492]3, "eb MERCURIO" RESPONSE: HOWEVER, WILL HAVE NET EFFECT
[2493]OF RAISING MORE questions HERE THAN IT ANSWERS» THIS INCAEASED
[2494]PUBLICITY WILL INCREASE PRESSURE ON AND POSSISLY. SCRUITINY OF
[2495]STATION ASSETS JNVGLVED AND MAY AFFECT THOSE NOT DIRECTLY
[2496]INVOLVED. ON 13 SEPTEMBER, FUPOCKETe1 WAS QUESTIOND SY
[2497]NEWSAEEK REPORTER MERE ABOUT HIS KNOWLEDGE OF FUNDING.
[2498]FUPOCKETSS DENIED ALL KNOALEQGE OF ANY FUNSING FAGM FOREIGN
[2500]Sources. DETAILS FOL SEPARATE CASLE.
[2502]g, RESUEST HSS KEEP STATION UP*TOPDATE ON ANY PLANS OR
[2503]eqycaeTE ACTIQNS TO CONTINUE INVESTIGATION QF REVELATIONS.
[2505]“SECRET
[2508]. - . . - «= -
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[2537]TOR11615362 SEP 740. $160 30318
[2539]“Se FILE? DEFER, €2 IMPDET
[2541]SECRE?
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[2545]TIL MEG, 214 . en - - e
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[2551]REPRODUCTION SY OYMEB 1
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[2554]PERSON ‘UNIT NOTIFIED
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[2558]ol. UNIT. 1 .
[2559]Lieln Tho
[2560]ake toslea~ 5
[2562]T 41031 ETAL ad ~~ RAGE 82 IN 358699
[2564]AGO 30293
[2566]. TORIL218002 SEP 74
[2568]SECRET 1217112 SEP 74 STAFF
[2570]CITE SANTIAGO 30293
[2572]TO! DIRECTOR,
[2574]RyBaAtT
[2576]REFS) A, DIRECTOR 595482
[2577]“8, SANTIAGO 30253 (zy 3519/0)
[2578]te FOLLOWING STATION AGENTS HERE Coutacren, PERIOD 6916
[2580]SEPTEMBER, IN CONNECTION WITH REFERENCE REVELATIONS, “THEIR
[2582]COMMENTS AND REACTIONS FOLLOW,
[2583]2, FUERMINE*; CONCERNED BUT RELIEVED THAT NO NAMES WERE
[2585]MENTIONED, COMMENTED THAT TIMING WAS EXCEPTIONALLY BAD
[2587]SINCE IT COINCIDED EXACTLY WITH “EDUARDO FREL'S ARRIVAL IN THE
[2589]UsS. AND WE WONDERED WHETHER THIS HAD BEEN DELISERATE,
[2591]FUERMINE*2 ASKED WHETHER WE BELIEVED THERE WOULD BE FURTHER
[2593]INVESTIGATION OR MEDIA PLAY IN THE U, 5S. REPLIED THAT WE. | 2
[2595]DID NOT KNOW BUT WOULD KEEP HIM INFORMED, HE IS TRAVELING To
[2597]GERMANY ON 22 SEPTEMBER aT INV ITAT LON OF INTERNATIONAL
[2599]COOPERATION INSTITUTE (WEST GERHAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS),
[2601]DURING HIS TRIP HE WILL CHECK HIS NUMBERED ACCOUNF FOR THE
[2603]ARRIVAL OF RECENT FUNDS. IN VIEW OF REF DEVELOPMENTS, HE
[2604]45 -/26~3
[2606][recnb tePF ] 1a Sep OY
[2608]14.90000
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[2626]cs OS SS SS 0: (2) FCT TTY ie
[2627]TORS1218962 SEP 74 SAGO 322973
[2629]DOES NOT PLAN TO IMMEDIATELY TRANSFER MONTES TNTC CHILE, HE
[2630]RETURNING CHILE VIA NEW YORK AND CHICAGO AND PLANS TO MEET
[2631]WITH FREI 25 OCTOBER IN NEW YORK. FUERMINE*4 EXPRESSED THE
[2632]OPINION THAT THE JUNTA WILL NEITHER RAISE THE MATTER WITH
[2633]EMBASSY NOR PURSUE FURTHER SINCE If IS VOT IN THEIR
[2635]“INTEREST To D0 So,
[2636]2, FUSa Ge ~2 RECEIVED. NEWS CALMLY BUT WAS MOST CONCERNED
[2638]“ABOUT IMPLICATIONS OF EFFECTS OF THE REVELATIONS AND EXPRESSED
[2639]OPINION THAT SYSTEM IN WASHINGTON SHOULD BE CHANSED
[2641]10 GENT SUSH LEAKS. KE WAS RELIEVED THAT EL MURCURIO WAS NOT
[2642]MENTIONED 8Y NAME (BUT WE ARE SKEPTICAL THAT IT WELL NOT RE
[2644]EASILY IDENTIFIED IN ANY SUBSEQUENT COMMENTARY}, FUBRIG=t
[2645]THOUGHT IT QVITE POSSIBLE JUNTA MAY WONDER IF USG STILL NOT IN
[2646]SOME WAY SUPPORTING PDC. WHICH OF COURSE JUNTA WOULD FIND
[2647]MOST UNACSEPTASLE, . .
[2649]4. PUERNINE*®S ALSO TOOK THE NEWS CALMLY ABGUT REVELATION
[2650]OF $9,208 ITEM FOR TRAVEL OF PDC LEADERS, wWAILE SHAKING HIS
[2651]HEAD ABOUT TRE LEAKING OF SUCH MATTERS, HE BELIEVES THAT THE
[2652]REVELATION, UNLESS IT IS MADE MUCH MORE SPECIFIC BY SUBSEQUENT
[2654]INVESTIGATIONS aNd PUBLICLIYs, WILL NOT CAUSE HIM a PROBLEM,
[2656]a . : 7 Beg AEE : °
[2658]~~ - - - . ee
[2660]14-0000
[2662]“w
[2664]a
[2666](
[2668]DL Mey 9 78 .
[2669]. . oe 8
[2671]tots Cores
[2673]SADLE SEC OISSEM DO eM -] ae em eee
[2674]SECRET tesuing OFrice 18 PRONE
[2675]PERSON WOE NOTIFIEG 0 de ee ! . .
[2676]: | starr
[2677]We ARN ANSE LORE ISSUED DOLIOD OU OL LAT. a wa eee re , tee we yee
[2678]ACTION UNET { | at ie
[2679]‘i Re FILE vR ; eeaeean i Wo ;
[2680][Nn a canter ee ee .
[2681]a a nO Fd ES 1
[2684]ft 421315 ELAL42 _ PAGE 83 IN 359699
[2685]TGOR11216962 SEP 74 SaGo. $0293.
[2687]CONS{DERS THE FAILURE TO IDENTIFY THE DELEGATION AS
[2689]BEING PDC AND (INCORRECTLY) AS MAKING A TOUA OF LATIN
[2691]AMERICAN RATHER THAN EURGPEAN CAPITALS KILL LEAD AWAY FROM
[2692]PROPER IDENTIFICATION, SINCE THE FUNDS THAT PASSED TRROUGH HIS
[2693]HANDS WERE APPAOXIMATELY $4,922 AT THE THEN LOCAL FREE MARKET
[2694]RATE (AS OPPOSED 10 STATION SPENDING RATE), HE FEELS THAT THIS
[2696]WELL ALS9 HELP WIDE PROPER IDENTIFICATION EVEN WITHIN THE POC
[2698]Lanny
[2700]OF THIS FUNDING,
[2701]5, FUPOCKET-1 KAS INFORMED OF DISCLOSURE OF $25,200 FOR
[2703]PURCHASE OF RADIO STATION ON 8 SEPTEMBER, WAS VISIBLY
[2705]DISTURBED UPON HEARING NEWS AND COMMENTED "YOU PEUPLE NEED ;
[2707]TO CHANGE YOUR SYSTEM SO THAT SUCH NEWS DOES.
[2709]NOT GET OUT." STATED THAT NO ONE WITHIN HIS GROUP
[2711]KNEw THAT HE GAVE MONEY ON THE SIDE TO PURCHASE THIS RADIO
[2713]STATION AND THAT NO RECORDS WERE MADE OF HIS PART IN THE DEAL,
[2715]ME REMARKED THAT THE FORMER OWNER OF YHE STATION JS &
[2717]SODTALIST AND UNLIKELY To DISCUSS THE TERMS OF TRE SkLE SINCE _
[2719]ILLEGAL MONEY TRANSACTION INVOLVED. FUPOCKETel PROMISED TO KEEP
[2721]uS ADVISED OF ANY BLOW-BACK. ,
[2723]ON 10 SEPTEMBER? FUBARGAIN=1 SAID THAT GENERAL PINOCHET
[2724]SECRET
[2728]14-0000
[2732]aa otc Liane i OM ey ee ee OTE EOE wee z
[2733]t AESHPVGCTION OT OTMEE
[2734]. i SE CRET HA rOy OFFICE IB PROMS
[2736]stare
[2737]a AGIA, of VECO A ee “f nye ee eee ee
[2738]ACTION UNIT ae | uM
[2742]ACTION # ome e retire memes cme ater ann ae — wren ao ena me ment 6 et a «ae en he a oaleeeatanel
[2743]° . a
[2744]“ T 444313 Eparag 2 ee eee EW 358699
[2746]TORI 216262 SEP 74 §$bS5 $2293
[2748]DiD NOT SEEM VERY UPSET SUT COMMENTED IN FUBARGEL bog"
[2749]PRESENCE THAT THE DISCLOSURE "SEEMED TO BE a.oudy THING 10
[2750]. DO." FOR THE FIRST TIME JN QUA RELATIONSHIP WIT= FUBLEGAIN@<,
[2751]He SHOWED HIS UNHAPPINESS AT WHAT HE FEELS 1S GaieiNG EVIDENCE
[2752]OF USG INCOMPREHENSION oF Goc. Salp HE
[2753]AND OTHER SENIOR OFFICERS WHO HAVE TRAVELED TG ST4"z5
[2754]AND ARE: MORE FAMILIAR WITH THE Way USG FINCTIONS ocubo PART {Sule
[2755]UNDERSTAND CURRENT Us5.G, ATTITUDES AND ACTIONS. tarp MOST
[2756]JUNIOR OFFICERS, HOWEVER, ARE INCREASINGLY UPSE #03
[2757]CONCERNED ABOUT WHAT THEY FEEL IS U.S, _
[2758]FAILURE TO GE A "GOOO FRIEND" OF CHILE DESPITE Tz IMPORTANT
[2759]SACRIFICES THAT WAVE BEE MADE HERE [N THE WORLDS Sant te .
[2760]COMMUNIST STRUGGLE. ;
[2762]7, ACCORDING TO FUSLRGAINe1, MOST CHILEAN ure iceas VIEW THE
[2763]REVELATIONS AND IMEIR TIMING AS A DELIBERATE aTrzec By A.
[2764]SECTGR OF U.S.G. (ALGEIT THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH) ;
[2766]TO DELIGERATELY DAMAGE JUNTA AND FALSELY CaS? DaLE
[2767]ON THEIR INDEPENDENCE 4ND ROLE IN BRINGING DOWN ALENDE. OFFICERS
[2768]WAVE ADDED THIS LATEST GLOW To WHAT THEY CONSIDES it BE U.S, Foote
[2770]DRAGGING ON SUPPLYING CHILE ARMS URGENTLY NEEDED Psa SEF ENSE
[2772]: se eR eres:
[2774]~ “ly. a
[2776]14-0000
[2778]i tetimeees pee On
[2779]. Py he - —— .
[2780]iN — ; i ee I
[2782]- ACTION # t a Tomer cememecerr es eee a ane meneame mee aaa sth Le
[2783]4 m
[2785]PAPE ea . - ean a.20 . °
[2786]TTT ML 3 Pe % . « a e-- nee
[2787]: .- - « . - . - s
[2789]° n ann a
[2790]CABLE SEC OiSsim Dy wen : eta cories sone ee UN BY
[2791]. . APPRODUCTION BY OTMRA 4
[2792]SECRET? IBOUING OFFICE 10 PROMIM:
[2794]PERDONS UNIT NOTIFIED eee |
[2796]wr -AUVANCL COPY ISSUED SLGITEO
[2797]ACTION UNIT 1 i
[2798]fad F 1
[2799]L a FILE . VR ee
[2802]a es 11 a
[2803] TORIM218e42 SEP 740 S460 3az03
[2805]TO CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS, PROBLEMS OF CHILEAN IMAGE
[2806]ABROAD. SUM IS THAT CHILEAN OFFICER CORPS BECCHING
[2807]INCREASINGLY BAF FELED aND RESENTFUL ABOUT U.S, ACCORDING 70 THIS
[2808]SOURCE, .
[2810]8. FILE: DEFER. €2 1MPDET
[2812]SECRE?
[2814]14-0000
[2816]a
[2818]- COMFIDENTIAL,
[2820]“
[2822]MEDIA I ALLENDE'S CHILE
[2824]HIGHLIGHTS
[2826]2
[2828]-- Since President Allende's electoral victory in 1970
[2829]propaganda Appakatus has rgunted a coordinated c
[2831]a PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE COMM
[2833]To: <9 :
[2838]fUNICATIONS for.
[2842]» the Government
[2843]ampArign apainat
[2845]the opposition communications media focusing on the prestipious
[2846]El Mercurio Newspaper chain and key opposition radios, The long.
[2847]- Tange g0al 18 to create conditions that will insure Government
[2848]control over the media so that dn emasculated Opposition will operate
[2849]intuitively and through self-cenvorship within an approved framework,
[2851]-- The opposition radio stations bear the brunt of an array of legal
[2852]and illegal devices designed to intimidate them, These devices
[2853]include the threat of violence, favoritism in the distribution of
[2854]essential Government advertizing revenue, ternporary closures,
[2856]and Govérnment-fomented strikes,
[2858]-- Chile's national television -- the only country-wide channel -- has
[2859]become an important propaganda instrument for the Government,
[2861]' But itis being challenged. by a Catholic University
[2863]channel which is
[2865]attempting to expand its service beyond the Santiago area. . .
[2867]-- A major confrontation between the Government and the opposition,
[2868]lasting more than a-year, hae taken place at the Papelera, Chile's’
[2869]only important private newsprint producer, with the company
[2870]Supported by the opposition media Stymying repeated Government
[2872]efforts to take over the firm. The paper cémpany
[2873]Government Price policies have brought it close to
[2875]-- Despite officially-sanctioned harassment, the Oppo
[2876]have continued to function, taking advantage of the
[2878]claims that
[2879]bankruptcy,
[2880]sition media
[2881]fluid political
[2883]situation Currently prevailing in Chile, and have become increasingly
[2884]effective in exploiting the Government's #conomic failures and the
[2886]growing dissension within the ruling Marxist coalit
[2888]-- Nevertheless, the opposition's economic base that
[2890]ion,
[2892]Sustains its media °
[2894]is being slowly undermined as the Government expands its control
[2896]Over the Chilean economy, Many opposition media
[2898]are reportedly
[2900]already in difficult financial straits, The Chilean Communist Party,
[2901]seeking to Strengthen its voice in the March 1973 Congressional
[2903]elections, has already purchased five beleaguered
[2905]radio stations
[2907](one a former Opposition station) in southern Chile. , .
[2909]‘  LONFIDENTIA I.
[2911]R-4-73 February 27, 1973 ii
[2913]ore re, oes
[2915]14-0000
[2918]14-0000
[2920]‘CONFIDED TAT,
[2921]at
[2923]THE ALLENDE PROCESS ~ HOW THE MEDIA ARE TREATED
[2925]“Allende's treatment of the Opposition media and his utilization of
[2926]the pro-Government media offer revexting insights into the unique
[2927]claim that Chile will carry out a Socislict revolution within the frame.
[2929]-: WOrk of traditional bourgeois and democratic institutions without
[2930]social cost, .
[2932]. Any Chilean Government possesses wide Powers thet can be employed
[2933]“to contrat and intimidate media Oppsnerte viven sufficient will power and
[2934]" ¢ynicism to do’ so, deSpite the fact that reedia frecdoma in Chile are
[2935]twice-guarantecd, both in the 1925 constitution and ina statute of
[2936]‘constitutional guarantees agreed to by Allerde's Popular Unity coalition
[2937]and the Christian Democrats. (PDC) asa condition for PDC Support for
[2938]Allende in the congressional run-off eld subsequent to the Presidential
[2939]election in September 1970, :
[2941]What are some of these powers? Any Chilean executive under
[2942]~Provisions of the State Internal Security Lay, may establish emergency
[2943]» zones by decree headed by military commanders empowering the State
[2945]‘to enforce news censorship and to restrict access to newsprint Supplies,
[2946]A law on publicity abuses empowers the sovernment to Petition the
[2947]courts to suspend access to news and information. (Laws on the books
[2948]that pose potential threats to freedom of radio information.are more
[2949]Severe and more frequently utilized. See Section HI, By Radio,) .
[2950]Furthermore, through the judicious Parceling out of advertising fron.
[2951]State and autonomous State firms any government can discriminate
[2952]against opposition media by denying or restricting this key source of
[2953]revenue, mc , : , :
[2955]Unlike predecessor hovernments which utilized existing laws and
[2956]accepted practices to reward political associates and benefit business
[2957]partners, the Allende Government has Consistently and frequently
[2958]applied these measures to harass, to intirnidate, and to undermine the
[2960]‘ morale of political and class Opponents in the media, These tactics .
[2961]are applied throughout the country. , :
[2963]CONFIDENTIAL
[2964]EN IAL
[2966]R-4-73 February 27, 1973 S
[2969]14-0000
[2971]_ CONFIDI-NTIAL
[2973]w
[2975]~ A basic organizational technique for the UP coalition has ‘been the
[2977]‘establishment of UP cominittees (CUP -- Comité de Unidad Popular) --
[2978]“-¢omposed of newsmen who are militant members of parties belonging
[2980]to the Government coalition or independent supporters of UP policies --
[2981]in newspapers, radios, magazines, and in journalistic bodies, The
[2982]CUP's -have been most active at the union level: demanding exorbitant
[2983]wage increases, insisting that UP employees be given the right to
[2984]express their opinion on editorial pages, disrupting legitimate union
[2985]meetings, forming rump unions, and leaking internal company dati to
[2986]the leftist press and to the Government. :
[2988]* The goal of certain Unidad Popular militants regarding freedom of
[2989]the press was most explicitly and revealingly stated by the organizing
[2990]committee for a conference of leftist journalists which was held in
[2991]Santiago in April 1971, The committee issued the following statement
[2992]prior to the conference: ; :
[2994]...we believe that we muat fight for true freedom of
[2995]the press, which will only be possible when there is
[2996]_true economic independence. We maintain that Chile
[2997]will have true freedom of the pre6o only when the means
[2999]of mass communication are part of the area of social
[3000]property, that is, (when they) belong to all Chileans, .
[3001]The press, radio, television, and the theater must be
[3002]toola at the service of liberation and culture of our
[3003]people and not a private business, an ideological
[3004]battering ram of the national and foreign minority
[3005](the capitalists) as is presently the case, 7 (under-
[3006]lining added) f
[3008]Another statement said "the mission of journalists is to support and
[3009]defend the People's Government (the UP) together with ali the workers,“
[3010]The declaration also underlined the support of UP newsmen for
[3011]"Viet-Nam, Cuba, and all the people that are building Socialism,"
[3013]and threw a bouquet at Cuba's Prensa Latina‘agency for its “objective”
[3014]reporting of the Chilean phenomenon, “Allende himself lent legitimacy
[3016]‘to the mission of UP journalists in a speech kicking off the conference
[3018]when he stated that "committed" newsmen must act as the “vanguard!
[3019]of the revolution by "clevating the political level of the people."
[3020]Reiterating a theme expressed on many other occasions, Allende
[3021]asserted that his Government would respect freedom of information
[3022]while at the same time he lamented his Government's “excessive
[3024]tolerance" for the opposition media.
[3026]CONFIDENTIAL
[3028]R-4-73 February 27, 1973 6
[3030]14-3000
[3032]CONFIDENTIAL
[3034]A, Presse - an
[3037]In the key Santiago metropolitan area, there are five major
[3038]Opposition daily newspapers and one important neutral daily,
[3039]La Tercera de la Hora, : : ;
[3041]TABLE.2, MAJOR OPPOSITION AND NEUTRAL DAILY NEWSPAPERS
[3043]—- Estimated Political
[3044]Title °. . Circulation — Orientation
[3048]‘El Mercurio 160, 000 Independent, conservative
[3050]Las Noticias Ultimaa —120, 000 Part of the Mercurio chain
[3052]La. Prensa , 25, 000 Christian Democratic (PDC)
[3054]La Segunda i 60,000 Part of the Mercurio chain
[3055]La Tribuna , 25,000 National Party (iis) interests
[3057]La Tercera de la Hora 190,000 Independent
[3059]_ A favorite target of the Gavernment and its propaganda apparatus
[3060]has been the conservative, independent daily El ‘4ercurio, dean of the
[3061]Chilean press and chief representative of the largest and most influential
[3062]newspaper chain in the country, Tarred regularly as "pro-US," and
[3063]as a "gringo newspaper written in Spanish" -- potent accusations in
[3064]Chile -- El Mercurio has borne the brunt ofjevery conceivable kind of
[3065]pressure short of outright seizure, :
[3067]On numerous occasions the paper haa been implicated along with
[3068]other opposition media in alleged seditious plots carried out in concert
[3069]with forciga (i.e., U.S.) interests to overthrow the Government,
[3070]Advertisers have been "requested" not ta.do business with the Mercurio
[3071]chain, “which has been accused of foreign exchange irregularities by _
[3072]tax authorities, by Government supporters on the paper's own staff, and
[3073]by Allende himecif at public rallies, Allende, too, periodically reacts’
[3074]to critical Mercurio editorials with charges that Chile and the
[3075]Presidential office have been "insulted," that the Mercurio chain
[3076]indulges in "libertinism unprecedented in Chilean journalistic history,"
[3078]CONFIDENTIAL
[3079]R-4-73 February 27, 1973 7
[3082]14.90000
[3084]CONFIDE
[3086]and that the chain is “faithful to its tradition of infamy,
[3087]Government Propaganda apparatus follows suit,
[3089]The
[3091]The PDC organ La Prensa and the National Party tabloid
[3092]ne
[3093]La Tribuna are secondary tarpets for the UP propaga nd: 1 apparatus
[3094]ecause their circulation is limited, Pressures sinployed ayainst
[3095]these dailies are aimed generally at the political partion Dehind them
[3096]in contrast to the Mercurio chain where pressures are intended as a
[3097]warning dignal ta the “tree media as an institution,
[3099]‘Independent La Tercera receiven diatinct Lrealme nt. The
[3101]Gov ernment exerts minimal pressures on the paper in return for
[3102]favorable editerial treativient of Atlende policies (see Section VI,
[3103]A, The Opposition Media Reaction), This tactic “has paid dividends
[3104]for Allende and for Ter rat s owner, Germ: in Pico Cénas. Allende
[3105]. 7 obtains favorable publicity im a mune-circulation paper that maintains
[3107]1 comparative objectivity in its news columns, thus lending cre dence to
[3109]Allende's claims that he will respect traditional Chilean freedonis
[3111]while making the transition to Socialism, Freed Crora the need for
[3113]the strident partisanship so characteristic of the rest of the presa,
[3114]S P E
[3115]some
[3117]‘ a
[3118]: Tercera steadily builds its circulation with a public seeking
[3119]As a result Pico, who has been head
[3121]reliet from the verbal civil war,
[3122]of the Chilean newspaper association, hag defended the Allende
[3123]Government's press policies in international forums, The under-
[3124]standing with the Government, however, is an uneasy one; Tercera
[3126]is not sufficiently malleable for the Socialist Party, the principal y party
[3128]in the Government coalition,
[3130]! B. Radio
[3132],
[3134]' Radio continues to be the most important medium of communication
[3136]: in Chile. The latest available figures compiled by the World Radio-TV
[3138]_ Handbook give Chile a total of 137 stations, including 29 1n the capital
[3140]‘ city, Santiago (See Table 3). The number of receivers is estimated at
[3142]H a 3 million,’ or one for every third person, Ina country 2,600 miles long
[3144]radio's stratevic importance is understood by both Gavernment and
[3146]‘ opposition, The Government has resorted to a variety of devices
[3147]designed to intimidate epposition radio stations: requests by Allende
[3148]advisers that opposition stations hire designated leftist commentators
[3149]threats of violence; favoritism in the diatribution of needed government
[3151]advertising revenues; temporary closures; and strikes fomented by
[3152]CUP committees.
[3156]R-4-73 February 27, 1973 a
[3159]ee ee ee oy RE ne Se rn ee nr te OR PE Me mere enema”
[3161]14-0000
[3163]CONFIDENTIAL ~
[3165]Station
[3166]a \
[3167]Radio Agricultura:
[3168]Radio Balmaceda |
[3169]Radio Cooperativa’
[3170]Radio Corparacifa
[3171]Radin [2M :
[3173]R adiowLuis Recabarrea
[3175]Radio Magallanes
[3176]Radio Minerfa
[3177]Radio Pacifico
[3178]Kadio Portales
[3179]Radio Santiago
[3181]‘’ Radio UTE
[3183]TABLE 3, IMPORTANT RADIO STATIONS
[3185]Political
[3186]Orientation
[3187]National Party (PN)
[3188]Christian Demuecratic (PDC)
[3189]PNC with PN clements
[3190]Socialist Party —
[3192]Usiversin: ef Chile stitisn
[3193]controlled’ by Marxists -
[3195]Chilean labor federation (CUT) -
[3196]station; Communist-controlled
[3197](See Note No, 10)
[3199]Communist Party
[3201]Independent with PDC and PN elements,
[3203]Radical Party (UP)
[3204]Socialist Party
[3206]Catholic Church interests
[3207]State Technical University station
[3208]controNed by Communists
[3210]Partial blame for leftist infiltration of Chilean stations mast rest
[3212]with “bourgevis" radio owners,
[3214]Long before Allende became president
[3216]the Chilean businessmen and politicians who owned radio Stations
[3217]made ita practice to hire leftiat commentators because they believed
[3218]that leftista were superior professionals ‘aad helped to increase
[3219]listenership, When the UP came to power it tapped an existing source
[3221]of manpower,
[3223]In addition, the Government frequentl
[3225]y utilized existing regulations
[3227]to gain its ends. Radio concessions are granted by a Government
[3229]entity (Servicios Electricos) attached to the Interior
[3230]same entity can cancel or transfer such concessions,
[3232]Nijnistry, The
[3233]0 R :
[3234]egulations
[3236]promulgated during World War II state that "In case of internal
[3237]disturbance, catastrophe or war radio stations are subject to the
[3238]rules, control, and censorship that the Government may adopt,"
[3239]Under this type of emergency regulation, all radio stations were
[3240]placed under an obligatory Government network -- not an unusual
[3241]Practice for the Allende Government -- when a modified martial |
[3242]law was decreed in 21 of Chile's 25 provinces during. the October.
[3244]CONFIDENTIAL
[3246]R-4-73 February 27, 1973
[3248]PR res ce me any ee eee ee
[3250]9
[3253]14-0000
[3255]—_ oT TELE ILS LE
[3257]4
[3259]‘. CONFIDENTIAL
[3264]Novernber 1972 truck drivers otrike (See Note No, 1#j. Another
[3265]regulation decrees that stations must interrupt their transmissions
[3266]whenever the Interior Minister judges it to be necessary in the
[3267]interest of the internal security of the State,” Still another regulation
[3268]authorizes the Central Bank to control the importation of equipment
[3269]and spare parte for radio,. television, and the presa,
[3271]Tho Government moved quickly after the 1970 precidential
[3273]“election to obtain control of key stations, The Socialist arty
[3275]gained control of Radio Portales, Chile's most populir station,
[3277]and purchased Radio Corporacion from EL Mereurio (Portales han
[3279]: subsequenily ufipped in poputirity), The Communine Party purchased
[3280]Magallenes, an important Santiago atation, The Cornmunist Party
[3281]recently also purchased Radio Siméon Bol{var (formerly pro-
[3283]; Opposition) in Concepcidntia well ap our other stations in southern
[3285]Chile in preparation for the Congressional elections in March 1973),
[3287]The rightist National Party daily La Tribuna quoted the former
[3289]owner ae oaying that ‘the age of privatelysouned mann media
[3291]{in Chile) io over" with only the Government, Blrong econornic
[3293]consortiums, and the moat powerful political parties capable of
[3295]Bustaining media operations, La Tribuna Says the Corarnunist Party
[3296]- ia now the most powerful (single) broadeneter in southern Chile.
[3298]. . PNC-oriented Radios Balmaceda and Cooperativa, however, have -
[3300]..to date successfully resisted Government enticement) and pressures
[3302]~ (see Section VI, A. The Opposition:Media Reaction), Palmaceda --a
[3303]radio station which over the years had carned a reputation for objec-
[3304]tive newscasts -- has been the number one target of the UP in the
[3305]radio field, It haa suffered more temporary closures than any radio
[3306]facility. The station was shut down, for’ example, 17 hours in
[3307]June 1971 for broadcastiny an alleged "alarmist" report during the
[3308]State of Emergency decreed after the dsnassination of Perez Zujavic,
[3309]a former interior minister in the Frei Government. At the same
[3310]time a UP Station, Portales, received nothing more than an admoni-
[3311]tion for transmitting "alarmist" news more acceptable to UP
[3312]Propagandists. - During the August-September 1971 period Radio
[3313]Balmaceda was shut down on three separate occasions under
[3315]Similar pretexts (see Note No. 10), .
[3316]a CONFIDENTIAL
[3319]R-4-73 February 27, 1973 10 .
[3322]14-0000
[3324]CONFIDENTIAL
[3326]In radio as in the press the Government has uscd CUP
[3327]committees to formulate exagperated wipe demania, to foment’
[3328]strikes, and to form rarnp unions, CUP unions at Radio }
[3329]for example, forced the owner to sell out to a cooperative turiner
[3330]by employees when waye demands could not be met, The- radio
[3331]Station subsequently wan purchased by the Radical Party -- a
[3333]member of the UP coalition,
[3335]| The principal Government weapon, however, is ito control
[3336]over public service advertising, which traditionally has provided —
[3337]the bulk of revenues for Chilean radio stations, The Government
[3338]has dangled the prospect of advertisernents in réturn for favorable
[3339]“news treatment, but the bait hao not been picked up by the major
[3340]opposition radios which recognize thit their independence is at
[3341]atake, The economic squeeze. makes. the future of Chilean
[3343]independent radios appear bleak.
[3345]C. Television
[3347]Since its inception in Chile in 1962, television has rade great
[3348]aridm, but the medium etill lags behind radio, especially, in the oo,
[3349]provinces where technical conditions for viewing are poor, Accord- -
[3350]ing to the best catimates evuilable, there are 350, 000 sets in
[3351]Santiago and a total of 500,000 sets in the country, Chile is ‘served
[3352]by the following television channels: 1) A national network with
[3353]some 21 oatlets throughout the country; 2) the Catholic, University -
[3354]channel in Santiago; 3) a separate Catholic University channel in
[3355]Valparafso; and 4) the University of Chilg channel in Santiago,
[3357]The Government clearly recognizes television's importance as
[3358]a propaganda vehicle, and under the direction af an Allende . :
[3359]confidante, newsman Augusto Olivares (Socialist and a suspected
[3360]member of the ultra-lefe MIR -- Movement of the Revolutionary
[3361]Left), it has transformed Chile's only nationwide television channel
[3362]into an outright political instrument of the Government coalition,
[3363]Slanted commentaries favoring UP policies, character assassinations
[3364]intended to smear political and class opponents, and a steady drum- .
[3365]fire of Socialist propaganda in news and cultural programming
[3367]became standard fare, oo, ; . :
[3369]1
[3370]CONFIDENTIAL : |
[3371]R-4-73 February 27, 1973 vt . , .
[3375]14.90000
[3377]CONFIDENTIAL
[3379]a ee
[3383]ifficult under a
[3384]ir views in . ‘
[3386]At the same tire network authorities made ity
[3387]variety of pretexts for opposition Spokesmen to air the
[3388]contravention of the State television statme, For ezariple, the
[3389]authorities frequently Obliyed all televinion channels “nd radios to
[3390]Carry official Staterneénta and denied Opposition spoxessnen equal
[3391]time, redorting to the legal fiction that the official atatements were
[3393]. : s
[3395]transinitted volunta ily,
[3396]LY
[3400]A popular political chat show "A Tres Bandas, "in which Opposi-~
[3401]tion representatives freely debated UP representatives (the only such
[3402]show carried nationally), wag cancelled in Auguet 1974 after two
[3403]years of Up Agitation ayainse it. The Government delended the Blep
[3404]by allesing that the Program had Poor lintenership aed by Pointing to
[3405]a ruling ranting all political parties equal time to express their
[3406]‘views on twice-weekly 20-minute Slots, The Original chat show
[3407]format provided several hours of Open-ended and frequent face-to-
[3408]face confrontation, usually embarrassing to the Government,
[3410]' The University of Chile station has Consistently aeserted the
[3411]Marxist line Since itg inception, but the two remaining Oniversity
[3412]Channels have Successfully fought Government control ia date (See
[3413]ion University Confrontation and Television Freedoms),
[3415]Section yr,
[3416]Cuannets, however, Tp national in Scopes
[3418]None of the universit,;
[3420]D. Magazines and Rook Publishing _
[3421]and equipment
[3423]‘Early in 1971 the Covernment Purchased the plane
[3425]of the PDC-controlled Zig-Zag publishing empire -- one of the most
[3427]modern in Latin America, The GOC announchd the purchaee after
[3428]Prolonged negotiations, Provoked Originally by the exXCEBEive demands
[3430]of a Communist-led union. Under the terms of the accord the
[3431]Government Purchased “ig-Zag's plant and Cquipment, the company's
[3432]national line of comics, and Several magazines while Ziu-Zag
[3434]retained several mA88-Circulation magazines (Ercilla and Vea being
[3436]the most irmportant) under a two-year Contract with the Chilean
[3438]Treasury, ‘The Zig-Zag infrastructure forrned the basis for the :
[3439]newly-established Covernment-owned Quimantu National Publishing . .
[3440]Enterprise, The accord with Zig-Zap has been Scrupulously
[3442]observed to date,
[3444]CONFIDENTIAL,
[3445]oe
[3447]R-4-73 February 27, 1973 12
[3450]14.90000
[3452]CONFIDENTIAL
[3454]Quimantu quickly beran turning out magazines, comic ‘pooks,
[3455]and textbook pushing UP policies. Comic books like Firme
[3456]‘were designed for mass consumption and aimed at adults with
[3457]low cultural levels, while others like Ramona were aimed at the
[3458]teen-age market., Cabrochico, anotherrcomic book, was peared to
[3459]pre-teens, The format of some Quimantu products closely resembled
[3460]‘competing Zig-Zap products, The weekly Ahora, for example, was.
[3461]designed to compete with Ercitla, After eight months Ahora collapsed,
[3462]rejected in the market place dy Chileans who were turned off by heavy
[3463]handed political propaganda,
[3465]E. Films
[3467]The Government's film production company, ‘Chile F ilms, became
[3468]the UP's principal propaganda arm in the film field. Rival Chilean
[3469]Private producers went out of business, squeezed by rising production
[3470]costes and discriminatory tan and exchange rate treatment that denied
[3471]“them needed equipment and spare parts from abroad. Chile Films
[3472]Signed a comprehensive exchange accord in March 1971 with the Cuban
[3473]Cinematographic Institute (Z CAIC) (See Section V. Cc, Exchanee of
[3474]. Persons, Visitors, and Exchance Acreements).
[3476]Chile Films aleo initiated agreements with the experimental film
[3477]institute {leftist) at the University of Chile, the film institute at the
[3478]Communist-dominated State Technical University (UTE), the Govern.
[3479]ment information office, the film department of the Communist-
[3481]_ dominated CUT (Central Unica de Trajabadores -- the major labor
[3482]organization), the national celevision netwiers, and the University of
[3483]Chile television station. The. stated purpose of the accords was to
[3484]“develop the new Chilean film industry, "
[3486]Its products are intended to clorify the roles of workers, peasants,
[3487]and students in the march to Chilean- style Socialism, romanticize the
[3488]proletarian role of the Chilean Communist and Socialist Parties, and
[3489]attack the "bourgeoisie" and their "imperialist" allies. Despite an
[3490]intense publicity buildup, hawever, few films a actually appeared in
[3491]the 1970-72 period. Most of the films that were produced appeared to
[3492]be pieced together from newsreel film taken Curing the Allende
[3493]presidential campaign or from post-election political rallies.
[3495]CONFIDENTIAL .
[3497]R-4-73 February 27, 1973 13
[3500]14-0000
[3502]iT - - .
[3503]| Shareholders were resisting temptation. Govern:
[3504]; @rgued that newsprint sroduction was essential ts the State and must
[3506]CONFIDENTIAL i
[3509]The Government's delay in making public the results of June 1972
[3510]elections for top posts in the Communist -domisated-GUEtabér
[3511]federation also darnaged Government Credibility, Fhe opposition
[3512]media scored heavily ina barrage of charges of irregularities and
[3513]vote fraud with a public that takes justified price in Clean elections,
[3515]B. The Papetera Confrontation
[3516]+ EE at rontation
[3518]aztones (known as
[3519]’rint, became
[3521]terms of
[3523]The Compa
[3524]the Papelera), Chite’s major private producer ¢
[3526]a :
[3527]another propaganda battleground cast by the opos
[3528]"freedom versus Marxist totalitarianism, ".
[3530]?4Manufacturera de Pancles Y C
[3531]a —
[3533]In October 1971, the Government, carrying ort # long-standing
[3534]Pledge, announced that CORFO (the Government Devclopment
[3535]Corporation) had opened négotiations to buy out the Papelera through
[3536]the purchase of ita stock, The oppasition media tz raediately launched
[3537]a campaign to warn the public that the free press would be crippted
[3539]if newsprint distribution were placed at the merey of Government
[3540]Suppliers, At the came time, the opposition me pleaded with
[3541]Private shareholders to refuse to sell to the Gov ent. In addition,
[3542]a "freedom find" was created enabling private pe Ss to buy up.
[3543]Papelera shares to prevent the company from £ 2 into Government
[3544]hands, : : . - ; ee
[3546]For several months Pro- and anti-Governmers media carried out.
[3547]daily an intensive propaganda battle in advertiserser:: + Hews Stories,. . .
[3548]and editorials, Both sides resorted to the familizr numbers game: , ,
[3549]the pro-Allende media claimed that the Governmers was besieged by
[3551]willing shareholders eager to sell out; the oppos A asserted that
[3552]= propagandists
[3554]_ be controlled by the State; the Opposition said Pasetera raust remain
[3556]_' private hands as a4 patriotic duty,
[3558]-
[3560]: Thwarted to date in its attempt to buy out Pane!
[3561]_ the Government has not hesitated to use other mee
[3562]‘controls, labor-induced Production Shortages, and strong-arm tactics «+
[3564]‘to Prevent the delivery of raw material to the plant. The Government .
[3565]Press also circulated rumors that Jorze Alessandri (former President
[3567]era shareholders,
[3570]CONFIDENTIAL
[3571]a.
[3573]R-4-73 February 27, 1973 26
[3574]wes re = er .
[3576]SRR ER ne eg rere epee reese ane cen e Rn ee ee mee,
[3578]14-0000
[3580]NPEAL.
[3582]of Chile anda leading shareholder and borrd chairman of the- Papelera)
[3583]had made a deal with AUende to sive the Government control’ over the”
[3584]Papelera to weaken the will of private shareholders and their supporters,
[3585]That the Papelera still withstand: these combined pressures-a year |
[3586]later is a tribute to a determined defense of the firm by an opposition
[3587]Congress, to the loyalty of the bulk of the Papelera cmployees, and to
[3589]an aroused and aleried opposition media, - |
[3591]ad
[3592]1
[3594]yelera will continuc and the odds
[3595]cquests-for price increases
[3597]The battle for control of the P
[3598]are not good for the campany, hepeatee
[3599]sufficient to absorb cest increases -- forced on the firm in part by
[3600]Government economic nolicies «- were net met, and the firm declared
[3601]in September 1972 that it could not meet lean payments due to the ;
[3602]Inter-American Devetoprnent Dank (IDK). Finally, in December 1972
[3603]the Government authorized new price increases averaging 45 per cent,
[3604]which were, however, inapplicable to the price of newsprint, The
[3605]Papelera gains some breathing space but Government pressures on the
[3606]company are certain to continue, The price increase itself may be
[3607]viewed a9 a form of pressure,
[3609]The battle has spilled over into the balls of the Chilean Congress.
[3610]“ats independent status, the PDC sponsored
[3612]Partly to protect the Papele
[3613]a "three areas" constitutional amendment designed to give Congress
[3615]some control over which businesses can be incorporated as social -
[3616]‘property by the Government, (The Papelera is one of the firms
[3617]appearing on the Government's oripinal fst of 91 firms to be absorbed
[3618]‘by the Government as social property.) The a:nendment -- still a
[3619]. bitter bone of contention between the Gaverament and the opposition --
[3620]would, among other poiats, declare null and void CORFO's atiempted
[3621]purchase of Papelera stock in the absenée of Congressional approval.
[3623]ision Freedoms
[3625]C. University Confrontation and Telev
[3627]Growing opposition confidence fed by an election victory at the
[3628]University of Chile in April 1972 and by stiffening opposition
[3629]attitudes at Santiago's Catholic University had important spill-over
[3630]effects in television programming at wo channels run by Catholic
[3631]University. Increasing opposition cifectiveness even raised the
[3632]possibility that the Marxist-controlled University of Chile channel. for
[3633]the first time in its existence might be obliged to inject some
[3634]objectivity into its output.
[3636]CONFIDENTIAL
[3638]R-4-73 February 27, 1973 27
[3641]14.90000
[3643]pluralism over
[3645]NEIDENTIAL
[3647]Dey
[3649]Incumbent University of Chile Rector Edgardo Boeninger, an _
[3650]independent with Christian Democratic sympathies, gained 51.9 per cent
[3651]of the vote for rector in April against three other contenders repree-
[3652]sentiny the UP Coalition and leftist epliiter ‘groups, including the
[3653]MIR. (An independent-PDC state alco pained control of the previously —
[3654]Marxist-controlled Superior Normative Council, The victory wan
[3655]billed by the opposition media a6 another victory for democracy and
[3656]1 "Marxist tololiterianisine' tn the Proccee ector
[3657]Boeninger became a hero of the Opposition media and a ayrntol of
[3658]"dernocratic" defiance of Government cfforte to impose its will on
[3659]an independent university, The opposition's rallying cry becnrme
[3660]“Defend a democratic and pluralist univereity." Translated into
[3661]media terms it became “We want a democratic and pluralistic
[3663]university TV channel,
[3665]Rallying behind that slogan, Opposition supporters at the two
[3666]Catholic Universities (Santiago and Valparafoo) bepan to case out a
[3667]leftist influence in the news departments of the two univernity
[3668]Channels, UP Supporters, however, remain at the technician level
[3669]at the Santiago channel and can be expected to create probleme for
[3670]Opposition authorities who now Control the channel
[3672]their opponents.
[3673]are procceding cautiously egainet them,
[3675]A more significant indication of UP long-range attitudes toward
[3676]television freedoms has been the Government's persistent refusal to
[3677]permit university television stations to extend their networks
[3678]throughout Chile, In Septernber 1972, President Allende blocred the
[3679]Opposition’s most recent attempt to obtain legislative sanction for
[3680]such an extension by vetoing eclected items in a PDC-intradeced bill,
[3681]The Government claimed that its own bilF -- peading before Congzress
[3682]and allowing universities to establish stations only within the
[3683]territory in which the seat of each university is located -- would
[3684]Create a national network for all recognized universities on an
[3685]“equal and non-discriminstory" basis, What the Government did
[3686]not say was that the bill if passed would preserve the State Network's
[3687]position as the only single channel thaf can be viewed by a national
[3688]television audience, Presumably the Government bill also would
[3689]Permit the Communist-dominated State Technicat University to
[3690]Operate a television station in Santiapo in competition with Santiayo's
[3691]Catholic University channél which, according to available public
[3693]Opinion surveys, is viewed by approximately 69 per cent of the
[3695]Capital's audience.
[3696]CONFIDENTIAL
[3698]R-4-73 February 27, 1973 238
[3701]14.90000
[3703]_ Cor
[3709]Ercilla
[3710]October 5, 1972
[3712]A ee A ee ee mi OE een Re eS
[3714]astrators Protest President Allende's Veto of Bul Permitting
[3715]> University (Santiago) to katend Na Television (Channel 13) Throughout Chile.
[3719]In subsequent developments the Catholic University at Santiago
[3720]as nevertheless extended its television service to the Concepcion
[3721]yetropotitan area, third most important in Chile, via a television
[3722]epeater in Tateahuano, The Government has ordered that the
[3723]epeater cease operation as the University lacks a concession under
[3724]1953 Law to function in that area, lhe University Jias refused to
[3725]ompiy, claiming that the 1970 National Television Act, which —
[3726]uthorizes the universities to operate television channels, is the
[3727]oversiag statute and that it needs no additional concession to
[3728]Pperate in any part of Chile. Meanwhile the repeater is still
[3729]g (as of February 15, 1973) while the legal (and political)
[3731]anctioning
[3732]ebate continues,
[3734]CONFIDENTIAL
[3736]+4-73 February 27, 1973 29 ‘
[3738]A NG ON = SO YT PO pe A arene
[3742]poremec sm
[3744]14.90000
[3746]| for the tragic events.-on and after September 11,
[3748]‘fascist counterrevoiution aided and abetted by the [.
[3750]“establish the dictatorship of ‘the proletariat by a
[3752]_of a-dream” of the-establishment of socialism by
[3754]‘complish its goals? Were there internal.and external
[3756]{ taken policy choices which, if they had been differ-
[3758]| In a three-way race.' What they do not mention is
[3760]Ay orld-attention has moved away from Santiago”
[3761]since the bloody ‘overthrow of Salvador
[3762]Allende last September, dut the questions
[3764]that were raised at thar time still need answering.
[3765]Where should the primary responsibility. be placed
[3767]1973? Was it, as the Left contends, the result of a
[3769]forces of imperialism? Was it, as the’ Right asserts,
[3770]the only available response to Allende’s attempt to
[3772]mixture of guile-and force? Did it mark the “death
[3774]democratic means, and was it thereby one more
[3775]demonstration tnat Marxism must use force to ac-
[3777]political and economic factors which made it im.
[3778]possible for Allende's experiment to succced, or.
[3779]was the downfall of the Unidad Popular (Popular:
[3780]Unity) coalition government the consequence of a
[3781]series of Idcologically-influenced analyses and mis-
[3783]ent, might have produced another result? A review
[3784]of the course uf the Allende ‘government with the
[3785]aid’ of the considerable new material that has be-
[3786]come available In recent months may help to answer
[3787]these questions.
[3789]Allende's opponents never tire of pointing out
[3790]that he was elected with only 36 percent of the vote
[3792]that in the congressional run-off between the two
[3794]Mr. Sigmund is Professor of Politics at Princeton
[3795]University, Among his published works are Models
[3796]of Political Change in Latin America, 1970, and
[3797]The Ideologies of the Developing Nations (2nd rev.
[3798]ed., 1972). He has visited Chile nine times since
[3799]1963, most recently in January 1974 to do research
[3800]on a forthcoming book dealing with Chilean politics.
[3802]the support of the centrist Christian ODernocratic
[3803]Party (PDC) in the run-off in return tor his agree-
[3804]ment. to the adoption of a Constitutional Statute of
[3806]Ocmocrnic Guarantees protecting freedoms of ex. |.
[3808]pression, education and religion, and guaranteeing
[3809]the independence of the military from political con-
[3810]trol. The text of the statute, which was added to
[3811]the Chiléan Constitution shortly after Alicnde’s elec-
[3812]tion, reflected the fears of non-Marxlst groups that
[3813]the new Marxist President would use the consider-
[3814]able power of the Chilean exccutive to undercut and
[3815]eventually destroy all opposition to a Marxist take-
[3816]over,
[3818]Political and Economic Strategy
[3820]When he took office, Allende promised that he
[3821]would follow a “second model” of Marxism—the
[3822]via’ Chitena to socialism, “with meat pies and red
[3823]wine.” To prove that this model was “anticipated
[3824]by the classics of Marxism,” he quoted from
[3825]Friedrich Engeis on the possibility of
[3827]«+. peacelul evolution from the old soclety to the
[3828]new in countries where the representatives of the
[3830]ne
[3832]* Altende’s supporters In tha Popular Unity coalltian coneleted of
[3833]AIS Gwen Socialist Party (Partido Soc:alsis—PS), (ne Communist
[3834]Party (Partido Comunista—PC), tha main body of the Radical Party
[3835](Partido Radcal—PR), the lettist Catholic “Movement of Popular
[3836]United Achan" (Movimento ge Accion Popular UAIGa— MAP), and
[3837]two ather smaller groups. The largest opposition groups wore Ine
[3838]centrist Caristian Oemocranc Party (Partica Democrata Crstiano~—
[3839]POC) ord tna’ rignust National Party (Partido Nacondt—PN)}.-
[3841]in retrospect, Wt is ironic that tne Critean Senate never acted on e
[3842]Constivtonal amendment proposed sarty in 1970 to estadlien a
[3843]SOCOM OU POOUIaT eleCLA, WAC would Rave proved tne
[3844]President thus elected (probably ine figntwing Candidate, Jorge
[3845]Algssengrs) with a clear popular Mangala,
[3847]front-running candidates he was elected president
[3848]‘by a lopsided majority vote of 135-35. Ha received:
[3850]14.90000
[3852]"people “have all power and in accord with the consti
[3853]tution can do what they desire when they have the
[3854]amajority of the nation behind them."
[3856]Yet it was precisely the.question cf majority sup-
[3857]port that was Aliende’s central problem in his: de-
[3858]sign to carry out a peaceful transition te “socialism
[3860]with democracy, pluralism and liberty.” The parties -
[3862]in his coalition -were in a distinct minority in the
[3864], Congress, and although there was no doubt about the
[3866]Jogitimacy of his election by that body, his victory
[3867]had only ‘been possible because of the conditional
[3869]support of the Christian Democrats. The PDC, it’
[3871]should be noted, included both Radomiro Tornic,
[3872]the party
[3873]gone to Allende’s. house to-conpratulate him the
[3874]day after the popular election, clearly inferring his
[3875]}future support, and conservatives like Senator Juan
[3876]de. Dios Carmona, who had fought within the party
[3877]to prevent It from voting for Allende: in the run-off.
[3879]In the Immediate aftermath of the election the POC’
[3881]was controled by the Toric forces, who claimed
[3882]to be In-favor of “communitarian” socialism, nation-
[3883]-allzation.of copper, acceieration of agrarian reform,
[3884]and reduction of Chile's dependencia on the United
[3886]States. One way, then, for Allende to achieve his.
[3888]acknowledged goal of majority support for the
[3889]transition to socialism would have been to. try to
[3890]arrive at an understanding with the Christian .Demo-
[3891]crats on the points in his program with which ‘they
[3893]were In agreement. This might have provoked the.
[3895]secession of some of the rightist members of the
[3896]POC, but If an accord had been reached with the
[3897]party's leaders, it would tikely have given Allende
[3898]a majority in the Congress for at least part of his
[3899]program.
[3901]Flushed with victory and unwilling to come to
[3902]terms with the party which he had termed “the new
[3904]‘| face of reaction” during the campaign, Allende chose
[3906]an alternative strategy. The next congressional elec-
[3907]tions. were not scheduled to take place until March
[3908]1973, but the Chilean Constitution provided that in
[3910]| the event of a conflict, with the Congress over the
[3911]text of a constitutional amendment, the President.
[3912]could call a national plebiscite. The strategic course.
[3914]adopted by Allende was to attempt to expand popu-
[3915]lar support for his coalition and then propose a
[3916]constitutional amendment which, in accordance with
[3917]the Popular Unity electoral program, would replace
[3918]the existing bicameral legislature with a unicameral
[3920]4 E! Mareurio (Santiago), Mov. 6, 1970, D. 23.
[3922]21970 presidential. candidate, who had ~
[3924]t Salvader Allende speaks of his plans for Chile at
[3925]‘the 23rd Congress of the Socialist Party, held in
[3926]January 1971, three months alter his election as
[3928]President of Chile.
[3930]—Phote by Santi Visalli for Photosoporters.
[3932]house, tobe elected Immediately following the ap-
[3933]proval of the amendment. The Congress would be
[3934]certain to reject the amendment, but if Allende
[3935]had the support of a majority In the country, he
[3936]could win the plebiscite and secure control of the
[3937]unicameral legislature that would then be estab-
[3938]lished, *
[3940]Allende’s strategy for the expansion of electoral
[3942]" support was an economic one which drew as much
[3944]from John Maynard Keynes as It did from Karl Marc.
[3945]The Chilean economy, already operating betow
[3946]Capacity, had gone into a profound recession as a
[3947]result of Allende’s election, The response of Pedro
[3948]Vuskovic, Allende's Minister of Economics, was ta
[3949]“prime the pump” by adopting a deficit budget, in-
[3950]Creasing public expenditures, and redistributing in-
[3952]come by'skewing the annual wage readjustment for
[3954]the preceding year’s inflation (35 percent in 1970)
[3955]in favor of the low-income sector of the population
[3956](the lowest income groups received a 40-percent in-
[3957]crease). The utilization of unused industrial ca-
[3958]pacity, combined with strict enforcement of price
[3959]controls, more stringent collection of taxes, and re-
[3960]fusal to devalue the Chilean escudo in relation to
[3961]the dollar, were expected to contain possible infta-
[3962]tionary pressures which might result. (The Allende
[3963]government also had a cushion of nearly’ $400
[3964]million in foreign reserves left to it by the Frei
[3965]Bovernment as a result of high international prices
[3966]for copper, Chile’s principal export.)
[3968]The strategy also contained a Marxist elament—
[3970]46
[3972]14.90000
[3974]= [2 ERs
[3976]accentuslion of the class strupgic. At tne came ‘te | The takeover of large sectors of Chile's basic
[3978]that appeals were made to the pocketheoks of the Induitry and trade, a3 promised in the Popular Unity
[3979]lower-class Chileans, there was also to be an effort} program, was thus seen as an essential part of an
[3980]to increase their. class consciousness (concienti. | economic and political strategy aimed at achleving
[3981]zacién) through BOvernment publications and the | and maintaining power. Combined with a rapid
[3982]use of the media to remove the elements of “false acceleration of agrarian reform (again using existing
[3983]«| Consciousness” jastined by “bourzeoi3" propayanda. | Iegistation—the 1967 agrarian reform law—but ex:
[3984]“Expressing the diametric Opposite of a claim often | ploiting Provisions such as one authorizing the
[3986]voiced by his predecessor, Eduardo Frei, Altona | Espropriation of “abandoned or badly-furmed Jand,".
[3988]caid ina Press conference just after his installation, | with one percent payment in cash and the rest In
[3989]“I am not president of alf Chileans.” And in tis first bonds), the planned takeover meant that even if
[3990]“State of the Nation’ message to the Congress he | the etfort to create a unicameral left-dominated
[3991]asserted: : “legistature failed, the Allende Rovernmient could
[3992]: destroy the economic base of tha “capitalist” oppo-
[3993]cition through a series of “Irreversible” taits accom.
[3994]plis (hechos consumadosy) which would give the
[3996]+++ the People’s Government (Gobierno Popular) fs
[3997]Insplred in its policy by a premise that is artificially
[3998]denied by some-—the existence of claszes and social
[3999]sectors with antagonistic and Opposing interests.*
[4001]Allende's economic advisers anticipated an addi.
[4002]‘tional source of revenue for the government from
[4003]the “exploitative” Profits of the industries that were
[4004]to be nationalizeg by the new government. The par-
[4005]tially American-owned Copper mines ware ta be
[4006]taken over by a Constitutional amendment—toth to
[4007]lay to rest any legal doubts about the reversal of
[4008]the Frei:;Chiteanization agreements of 1967 and
[4009]1969, and because a general consensus in Chile
[4010]favored nationalization," Other companies were to
[4011]be nationalized after a controlling interest was gained
[4012]through the purchase of shares on the open market |-
[4013]by the government development agency. The fatter
[4014]Course seemed facilitated by the fact that the price
[4015]of shares had been depressed since the electicns,
[4016]and further economic pressures could be crested
[4017]by allowing wage increases but forbidding any rise
[4018]in prices. Tne legal adviser to the zovernment,
[4019]Eduardo Novoa, also Gutlined other “iegal loopholes”
[4020]in existing Chilean law which could be used for
[4021]“temporary” takeovers of companies, inciuding
[4022]“intervention” because of labor disputes ang “requi-
[4023]sition" because of a “breakdown in supply of an
[4024]article of prime necessity.”- -
[4027]* Salvacor Allende, “The Cniean Way to Sociailgm,” in Paul £.
[4029]S'gmuna, €4., Pne tueologies ct tne Geveloping Nations, 2nd sev. ed.,
[4030]New York, Proeger, 1972, p. 340. :
[4032]4*fral's Chileanization Orogram had tnvolved the Burcnate by tne
[4033]Cnitean stete of Controting interest in tne large copocer mines
[4034]“| omned by Ime Kennecott Ong Anaconda coinpanies, The agreements
[4036]A Chilean Peasant guards the g3te of a farm south
[4038]of Santiago which was seized from its Owners on the
[4040]pretext that it was “operated unproductively” (mal
[4041]; explotada), Se
[4043]ret.ning in Chile, earning tne country additional fevenue in tne :
[4045]19706 to pay back the loans contracted to finance tne purchases.
[4047]* Photo by bopat Conte
[4048]47 ;
[4051]14-00000
[4053]* consumption or had sent out of the country as presit | | of the end of a pun,
[4055]table. Allende’s effort to fortray the transition "
[4057]ta these, Bebe
[4058]en3 untid further riotice, political power comes out
[4059]“and Allende repeatedly stated
[4060]gifferences with apostles of violence like Ché
[4061]| Gutrsara were only “tactical,” because the Chilean
[4062]situation required that he observe tegality “for the
[4063]tire: Leirig.” Allende himself organized an armed
[4064]geronal bedypuard, the so-called GAP (Grupo de
[4065]Amiga; Personales), and~we now know—as carly
[4066]a Cesember 1971 received reports on the illegal
[4068]impartation and distribution of arms to the MIA and
[4069]to his bodyguards.*
[4071]governmen control of the évonomy and oft ‘
[4072]profits that Ihe private sector had used for lusury
[4074]remittances to.forcign companies. At the same birne, that his
[4075]the fact that the policy remained’ within,the letter,
[4076]It not the spirit, of: the law meant that intervention
[4077]by the military was unlikely. :
[4079]Allende’s constitutionalist and- tepalit: strateny
[4080]was not universally accepted within his coalition.
[4081]Most of his own Socialist Party-—bepinning with it:
[4082]newly elected General Secretary, Senator Cartes
[4084]‘Altamirano~-and several other groups further to the
[4085]left, such as the MIR (Movimiento do fa lrquierda Yirilg there were thus intermittent hints of revo
[4089]I!
[4090]|
[4091]Revolucionaria—Movement of the Revalutis nnary | futienary alternatives, Allende’s basic economic
[4092]Left} and the VOP (Yanguardia Orpanitads ae | “uatezy nas “socialist consumerism,” * combined
[4093]i
[4095]Pueblo—Organized Vanguard of the People), were | with a rapid expansion of state control in industry,
[4096]openly doubtful about the wisdom of relying cn elec | tects and agriculture, and his basic political strategy
[4097]tions and “bourgeois legality” to achieve power and :
[4099]advised preparation for an armed confrontation with
[4100]the forces of reaction, which they foresaw as. inevi-
[4102]$ tos Pég% Debray, Tha Chilean Revolution: Conversations with
[4103]Alinta, aca tte, Random, 1971, po. $2, 77, 91, and 97. Ef Mercurio
[4104]Cetare aces Catan) Feb. 18-24, 1974, p. 3, reproduces tre report,
[4105]fre 1M tre prequiential palace.
[4107]Stn ye eticnsumarizm” see Paul E. Sigmund, “Two Years
[4108]of Bo ar bine," Prgbiems of Communism (Washington, OC),
[4109]Tynan Cacemter 1972; pp. 38-52,
[4111]soclalisrn as peaceful in character was not azsicte
[4112]by the publication of his conversations with fone
[4113]revolutionary theorist Régis Debray in early 1971.
[4115]A Santiago tally in November 1970 celebrates the first anniversary ot the Allende presidency—in the
[4116]foreground, @ picture of Latin revolutionary Ché Guevara.
[4118]i ” =Phote by Clous Meyer for Block Pias..
[4120]‘ 48 .
[4122]Get
[4124]wees
[4126]meme nen LL
[4128]arm
[4130]14-0000
[4132]when the regime's Pepulurity was at its highest
[4133]point,’ but in retrospect it does not appear at all
[4134]certain that he would have won—particularly since
[4135]by the time that the constitutional Prerequisites for
[4136]such 9 vote had been fulfilled, the economic and
[4137]political situation would have been much less favor-
[4138]able. :
[4140]The period after the Municipal elections now ap-
[4141]pears to have been crucial for the long-term survival
[4142]of the regime. The Right was still in disarray, the
[4143]Christian Democrats. had elected a compromise
[4144]leadership which was not committed to either of the
[4145]“party's wings, and the short-run economic and politi.
[4146]Cal indicators were favorable. Yet, instead of taking
[4147]action on the economic front to stem the loss of
[4148]foreign reserves and to dampen inflationary . pres-
[4149]Surcs——and on the political front to prevent the
[4150]movement of the Christian Democrats into an alli-
[4151]ance with the right-wing opposition Parties—the
[4152]regime continued its Previous policies, confidently
[4153]assuming that in the fong run "the people” would
[4154]support it and ignoring the warnings of “bourgeois”
[4155]economists that the loss of foreign reserves, the ex.
[4156]“pansion of.demand, and the sharp decline in invest-
[4157]ment would produce disastrous consequences in the
[4158]folicwing year, : :
[4160]Was 3n expansion of the el.ctoral base of the Allende
[4162]coalition by an appeal to the material interests and
[4163]| the class consciousness of the lower classes. It was
[4164]the interaction of the various elements of this politi-
[4165]cat and economic strategy that finally produced the
[4166]breakdown of Chilean Constitutionalism and the
[4167]intervention of the armed forces that the extreme teft
[4168]of the Allende coalition had been Predicting all along.
[4170]Initial Success Be
[4172]At the outset, the new economic policy was
[4173]astoundingly successful, although it had within it
[4174]the seeds of future disaster. Income redistribution
[4175]Stimulated demand, while price controls and an arti- .
[4176]ficially low exchange rate kept prices down. As a
[4177]Consequence, a mini-boom ensued. By March 1971.
[4178]the Sociedad de Fomente Fabrit (Asscciation for the
[4179]Development of Manufacturing), representing
[4180]Chilean business and industry, admitted that produc.
[4181]tion had increased by 6.3’ percent over the figure
[4182]‘| of 12 months before, and by May that figure had
[4183]reached 13.5 percent. The Institute of Eccnomics
[4184]Of the University of Chile tater reported that unem.
[4185]ployment In the Santiago area dropped from 8.3
[4186]Fercent in December 1970. to 5.2 percent in June
[4187]1971 and declined further to an unusually fow 3.8
[4188]“percent by the end of the year. The Ccnsumer Price .
[4189]| Index stopped climbing entirely in December 1970 : : :
[4190]and had only increased by 6 percent by the time | The hardening of the Christian Democratic posi-
[4191]of the municipal elections of Aprit'1971—its lowest | tion began in mid-1971. it was accelerated in June
[4192]rise in many years. At the same time, salaries and | by the assassination of the former Christian Demo-
[4193]Wages increased by 27 percent in reat terms. Cratic Interior Minister, Edmundo Perez Zujovic, by
[4194]This wave of economic Prosperity—combined | extremists, at feast one of whom had been released
[4195]with the absence of the political repression that from prison by Allende upon his accession to power.
[4196]Some rightists had predicted would result from a | A month later in a by-election in Valparalso, the
[4197]victory by the Marxists —ted many, particularly in | victorious Christian Democratic candidate received
[4198]low Income Groups, to vote for the candidates of the | the support of the’ Right. The tacit alliance with the
[4199]Popular Unity coalition in the April municipal elec- | Right led ‘to the secession from the PDC of eight
[4200]tons. Allendé's own Socialist Party bettered its elec- deputies and a number of other party leaders to form
[4201]torat showing in the 1969 Congressional elections by | the pro-Allende lequierda Cristiana (Christian Left).
[4202]nearly 100 percent (a jump from 12 percent to 22 | This was counterbalanced however, by a split in the
[4203]percent of the total), and the candidates of all the | other direction within the Allende coalition. Five of
[4204]parties supporting Allende received about 50 per. | the seven Radical senators {including two former
[4205]Cent of the vote, as compared with the 36 percent | presidential Candidates) and 7 of the 19 deputies
[4206]which the President himseif had received only seven | left the Radical Party (PR), and formed the Partido
[4207]Months before. Yet, Sratifying as the results were, | de /a Izquierda Radical (Party of the Radical Left—
[4208]thé Coalition was still a few votes short of the abso- | PIR) in protest against the Marxist orientation ofa
[4209]Ime majority that Allende required to win a plebi- . —
[4210]i scita on a constitutional amendment. He was later ? See, #4. Paul M. Sneery,’“Chite: The Question of Foner.”
[4211]. Critkized for not Calling the plebiscite at the Ume | Mcntnty Review (new Yoru, Lonaon) Decemzer 1973, Po. VAL.
[4213]49 .
[4215]Political Polarization
[4218]14-00000
[4220]Allende in Retrospect,
[4222]IPR F policy resolution which the dissidents described
[4223]as “completely removed from the characteristic and
[4224]distinctive ideology of our parly”-and opposed to
[4225]“the interest of the middle social strata” whom the.
[4226]_party had always represented." For a time, the PIR
[4228]‘| continued to support the Allende government, but
[4230]within a year it had entered the ranks of the opposi-
[4231]tion,
[4233]in July 1971, the Christian Demdcrats had voted
[4234]In favor’ of the constitutional amendment national-
[4235]izing the copper mines, but from: that point forward,
[4236]the pattern was one-of polarization of Chilean politics
[4237]_and*Society into two opposing blocks. The Aliende™
[4238]forces controficd the executive and pursued an in-
[4239]creasingly vigorous ideological purge of those who
[4240]were not entirely sympathetic to the government.
[4241]The opposition controlled the legislature, and in
[4242]October 1971. the Christian Democrats and the
[4243]rightist parties attempted to assert legistative con-
[4245]| trol over the. expansion of the-public sector by voting
[4246]‘in favor of a constitutional amendment limiting the
[4248]use of the intervention and requisition procedures
[4249]and requiring that all transfers of private enterprises +
[4250]to the “social” or mixed sectors be carried out In
[4251]accordance with specific legislation adopted by the
[4252]Congress. This legislative act, referred to as an
[4253]amendment on the “Three “Areas of Property,” be- |
[4254]came the focus of a continuing deadlock between |
[4255]the President and Congress that lasted - until
[4256]Allende’s overthrow in September 1973. .
[4257]Alfende's refusal to accept the amendment or to
[4258]call a plebiscite to resolve his differences with the
[4259]Congress appeared to the congressional opposition
[4260]to be a decisive indication of his determination to
[4261]bypass the legislature in carrying out the Popular
[4262]Unity program, and from the time of the adoption of
[4264]the amendment onward, the Christian Democrats -
[4266]began to cooperate with the rightist parties in- op-
[4267]posing the executive. One method was to impeach
[4268]ministers for violation or (more often) nonenforce-
[4269]ment of the law. The first of many such impeach-
[4270]ments took place in January 1972. Another method
[4271]was to present a united electoral front against the
[4272]government. Informal cooperation between the
[4273]rightist parties and the Christian Democrats led to
[4274]striking victories in two by-elections in January 1972,
[4276]and a month tater these groups formed the Demo.
[4277]cratic Confederation (Confederacian Democratica—
[4278]CODE) to prepare joint lists for the 1973 congres-
[4279]sional elections. A third area of cooperation was in
[4281]© £1 Mercurio, Aug. 8, 1972, p. 37.
[4283]50
[4285]-eould be expected to get worse with the harvest in
[4287]marches and sernonstrations against the government,
[4289]the most femcus of which was the March cf Empty
[4290]Pots in Decernber 1971, in which thcuzands of
[4291]housewives, mostly of middle-class background,
[4292]arzing pots to protest food shartazes.
[4293]Those shertazes had developed becaute the pre-
[4294]dicted ecenemic difficulties resulting from the
[4295].Muskovic peticy began to emerge in late 1971: The
[4296]balance-of-payments surplus had been depleted at
[4297]such an alarming rate (in 1971 there was a deficit
[4298]of $315 million, while in 1970 there had heen a
[4300]surplus of $91 million) that in November 1971 the
[4301]Allende goverrirnent called a moratorium cn payment |
[4303]of its foreign cebts. Chile had already experienced
[4304]difficulties in securing loans from the Inter-American
[4305]Development Bzenk, the World Bank and the Esport-
[4306]import Bans 25 a result of its failure to compensate
[4307]the Anacorca ‘and Kennecott copper comzanies
[4308]for the naticnatization of their major mines. The
[4309]debt moratorium was bound to make it consiceratly
[4310]more difficuit for Chile to secure foreign credits,
[4311]particularly for the short term:' In December 1371,
[4312]the Chilean fovernment finally permitted a partial
[4313]devaluation ot the Chilean escudo $o as to Cecrease
[4314]the distorticns created by its overvaluation, out tris
[4315]created prészure on prices of goods manufactured
[4316]with imported components. Shortages of certain focd
[4317]items—especizily cooking oil; detergents, suger,
[4319]‘toothpaste, and cigarettes—were ascribed by the
[4321]government to upper-class hoarding and to increased
[4323]‘consumption by fow-income groups; however, the
[4325]dislocatidris in the countryside ‘associated with the
[4326]very rapid €spansion of the agrarian reform (Aficnde
[4327]took over almcst as much land in his first year in
[4328]office as Frei rad in six years) clearly had something
[4329]to do with the problem as well, and the situstica
[4331]early 1972. A 160-cpercent increase in the money
[4332]supply'as a resutt of the government's deficit scend-
[4333]ing was also tezinning to produce inflationary gres-
[4334]sures now that the unused capacity of Chilean indus-
[4335]try had been t2zen up by the 1971 expansian. hfs
[4336]important, a sharp drop in investment (Allende said
[4337]it had declined by 7.7 percent, but oppesition
[4338]economists claimed it had fallen by 24.2 percent)
[4339]‘meant that the spectacular growth rate achieved in
[4340]1971 would be sharply reduced in 1972.
[4342]Yet the degree of the incipient crisis was not
[4344]80n the inaccuracy of tne term “invisiole Blockade” to devote
[4345]the Allende gs-ernrrent’s credit protiems, see Paul E Slgmend,
[4346]“The ‘Invisibie Bocesze’ and the Querinice of Allensa,” Fore 67
[4348]Altaics (New York), January 1974, pp. 322-40.
[4351]14-00000
[4353]Workers occupying a plant outside of Saniiega pro-
[4354]claim their intention to held it to the desta. The
[4355]initials of the Unidad Pecular (Popular Unity) are
[4356]painted on the wail by the gate. - ;
[4358]~Phote by Moggi Certelloe.
[4360]Immediately evident from the figures fer 1971. In- | the Popular Unity coalition was unwilling to accept
[4362]dustrial growth had reached 8.3 percent, ezrarian
[4363]production (based on plantings before Alignde’s
[4364]accession to power) had increased by 5.3 percent,
[4365]and unemployment had dropped to record lows. The
[4366]Communist Party in-a report to a Popular Unity
[4367]“conclave” in early 1972 warned that “very strong
[4368]Inflationary pressures could make our situation
[4369]acute," but the government tcok i10 action to deal
[4370]| with the problem. The continuing:optimism ci zov-
[4371]ernment policymakers .at this time was expressed
[4372]at a Round Table in Santiago sponsored by the Uni-
[4373]versity of Sussex.and the Chilean Planning 0 i
[4374]March 1972. In the course of discussion R2
[4375]Tomic, the deteated Christian Democratic presisen-
[4376]tial candidate, asserted that the Allende government !
[4377]had committed a “fatal political error” in failing to
[4379]establish an “institutional majority” in the Canzress
[4381]through a “far-reaching agreement between saciaiists
[4383]inspired by Christianity and those inspire2 by |
[4384]Marxism—that is, between the Christian Democrats
[4385]and Popular Unity—in the period following the 1370
[4386]presidential election.” Allende’s representatives com
[4388]51
[4390]| scemcd to be no olvtacles in the internal logic of
[4392]‘rwinning sufficient strength ta gain controt of the
[4394]“menton the “Threo Areas of Property were made in
[4396]vith 3 gradual heightening of
[4397]the political consciousness of the proletariat, there
[4399]the Chilean bourgecis state to prevent the workers’
[4401]tegistatureas weit as the executive.”
[4403]On the political fant, there were individuals and.
[4404]‘groups cn both sins who attempted to stem the
[4405]movement toward polarization, which they corzectly
[4406]foresave would: lead to the breakdown of Chilean
[4407]institutions. Two important efforts to arrive at a com-
[4408]promise on the issue of the constitutional amend-
[4410]the first part of 1972. in Aprit the Left Radicals, who
[4411]had entered the Allende government In January,
[4412]carried on tengthy negotiations with the Christian
[4413]Demacrats to haramer out a satisfactory agreement
[4414]on this issue, only ta have it rejected by the top
[4415]Command of the Popular Unity coalition parties. The | -
[4416]Left Radicals responded by leaving the government
[4417]and joining the opposition, a move Allende described
[4418]as “a stab In the back." A secend set of, negotia-
[4419]tions in June between the’ head i the Christian
[4420]Demoeralic Party and Allenda’s Minister of Justice
[4421]broke down when the time limit set by the Christian
[4422]Demvocrals expired and the POC l2adjershlp refused
[4423]to extend it.
[4425]The two sets of negotiations sezm to have col-
[4426]lapsed for retuted reasons. In April the left wing of
[4428]a compromise which wauld slow down or stop the
[4429]forward movement of the government nationalization
[4430]program, while in June tne right wing of the
[4431]Christian Democrats could point to an impending
[4432]by-election ir, mid-July as a reason for discontinuing
[4433]discussions. Both cases iltustrated a general prob-
[4434]lem posed by the Chilean muitiparty system. Once
[4435]poiitical conflict became polarized, the extremes
[4436]held the rest of the opposing ccalitions hostage and
[4437]prevented what could have been a convergence of
[4438]views in the center.
[4440]The negotiations were Interspersed with a series
[4441]of demonstrations and countercemenstrations by
[4442]the government and the opposition which always
[4443]stopped just short of open violence. Several ob-
[4444]servers, including the American Ambassador to
[4446]493. Ann Zammit and Gabriel Palma fos, Te Co.ean Read fo
[4447]Socraism, Austin, University cf Teuas Press. 2573, 50. 38, 247.
[4448]Tre Communist Party report atoears in Zi Veroure (international
[4449]€ononl tan, 31Fep. 6, 1972, p. @.
[4451]1t Partco iquersa Radical, Trayectne Postca Get Pra (Political
[4452]Pain cf the PiR}, Santiago, 1972, a AL
[4454].
[4456]14.90000
[4458]Allende in Retrospect a,
[4459]OR -
[4460]Chile, Nathaniet Davis, remarked on the palt con ‘of
[4461]“brinkmanship" that the Chileans exhibited.” Social
[4462]and political tensions increased—but &> Jon at
[4463]economic deterioration was fot reflected in runaway
[4464]Inflation, the Chilean political system seerncd able -
[4466]to contain them,
[4470]The Turning Poine
[4472]The strains in the system only became unman-
[4473]agcable in mid-1972, when the lid blew cff the
[4474]fragile Chilean economy and tet loose the pressures
[4475]that had been building up for at least a year. As the
[4476]deficit In government spending rose, particularly
[4477]‘| because of its subsidies to the “social area,” its
[4478]foreign reserves: dropped nearly to zero, and the
[4479]growth of industrial output slowed down. Allende
[4480]replaced Economics Minister Vuskovic vail Carlos
[4481]Matus and appointed Orlando Millas as Finance
[4482]‘Winister, The Matus-Millas team sought to “find
[4483]stability at another fevet,” ordering a dractic cur-
[4484]rency devaluation, raising prices in the nationalized
[4485]sector, and permitting limited agricultural price in-
[4486]‘creases. The result was a sharp jump in the cost-of-
[4487]living Index, which climbed from 27.5 percent at the
[4488]end of June to 99.8 percent at the end of September,
[4489]A wage readjustment to compensate for the increase
[4490]In the cost of tiving only accelerated the inflation,
[4491]s9-that by the end of the year the official consumer
[4492]price Index had reached 163 percent (see Table 1).
[4493]In September, industrial output began to drop in
[4494]absolute terms (/.e., not merely in terms of the rate
[4495].of increase)—-a drop that continued every month
[4496]thereafter until the September 1973 coup." Agri-
[4497]| cultural production (excluding livestock) aiso ccm-
[4498]menced to decline, and mineral productisn regis-
[4499]tered precipitous drops, although copper production
[4500]rose by 1.3 percent for 1972 owing to the fact that
[4501]@ number of new mines came into operation. (On
[4502]other elements of the worsening economic situation,
[4503]tee Table 2.)
[4505]Chile's economic problems were paralleled in the
[4507]1972
[4509]1973
[4511]42 A gecret cable from US Ambassador Nathaniel Davis to the
[4512]Beate Cepaciment, published in Jack Anderson's Column in Fre
[4513]Wast:ngtun Post (Wasningion, OC) on Marcn 28, 1972, commented
[4514]thet “the Chiteans nave a great ability to rus to Ine brink, embrace
[4515]each otmer, ang back off.” On the tame pont see Mauric:> Solaun
[4516]and Fernando Cepeaa, Allende’s Chie: On the Poutcs of
[4517]Brnamanship, Bogcta, Universidad de bes Andes, 1972,
[4519]tt Ting Allence government blamed tne drop in progucton on the
[4520]October 1972 sirine, Dut this ignored (ne fact that procuct.on ceclines
[4521]began betore October.
[4523]tI Tie
[4525]ceqeached, Including, the Minister of interior, who
[4526]ns, Charged with abs etting the illegal importation
[4527]Gf ares from Cuba in Marsch, (The Allende govern:
[4528]recnt claimed that suspect shipments from Cuba-—
[4529]“bultus Cubanos"—were “works of art,” but after
[4530]September 1973 coup, the government White
[4531]ben published an inventory of cver 2,000 pounds
[4532]Gf atrr3 sent trorn Cuba In 13 crates which customs
[4534]Table ts Monthly Fluctuations in Conzumer Prices
[4536]* Percentage of change from ihe same monin of the previous year.
[4537]SOURCE:
[4538]Statitcs), Santiago; Socevat ce Fomento Fabril. (Association for We
[4539]Oeverperent of Manutactuing), Santiago. .
[4541]s
[4543]syeral ‘additional ministers were
[4545]and Industrial Output under Allende
[4547]fAonth Consumer Price Indea frwdutriat Output *
[4549]Oct, 35.6 —6.0
[4550]Nov, 35.3 43
[4551]Dec, 349 -03-
[4552]Jan, 28.1 : 45
[4553]Feb. 228 | -7.3
[4555]April 20.2 16
[4559]Aug. . 17.4 10.7
[4563]Oec, 22.1 19.5
[4564]Jan,” 248 18.5 °
[4565]Feb. 32.0 119
[4571]Aug. 77.2 . 3.6
[4575]Oec. - 163.4 -iMal
[4576]Jan, 180.3 —68
[4577]Feb. 174.2 . 47
[4579]April 195.5 —-11.3
[4580]May 233.5 —-110 i
[4581]June 283.4 —148 i
[4584]Sept. 286.0 _ 229
[4585]Oct. 528.4 18.0 .
[4586]Now, $28.9 5.1.
[4588]seattuto Nacers! oe Estadisticas (Netonal Institute of
[4590]14-00000
[4592]CRS SSA | ATEN
[4594]“Fable 2:
[4596]ic product (% change)
[4598]Gross don
[4599]Investinent change)
[4601]Real woses and salaries (% change)
[4602]Exports -(§ milion)
[4604]Imports ($ million) *
[4606]SOURCL: Dematment of fconomica, University of Chile.
[4608]had been forbidden to Inspect") The fudiciary
[4609]joined in the conflict, protesting the fadure cf the
[4610]Ministry of Justice to carry oul court orders, while
[4611]Progovernment demonstrators denounced tre viejos
[4612]de mierda-—“fitthy old men*—in the Supreme
[4613]Court, As it became apparent that there was a0 real
[4614]possibility. of resolving their differences, the two
[4615]sides turned to the armed forces as impartial arbi-
[4616]ters, and the national holidays in: mid-September
[4617]1972 were marked ‘by rival efforts’of.the Congress
[4618]and the President to ingratiate themseives with the
[4619]military.
[4621]The political Involvement of the military was
[4622]accelerated by the next step in the Chilean tragesy—
[4623]the October 1972 strike, Respectively termed the
[4624]“employers' lockout” and “the national strike” by
[4625]pro. and anti-Allende forces, it began far from
[4626]Santiago, in the remote soithern.province of Aysen,
[4627]with a strike by small truckers. (Referred ta Dy the
[4628]gavernment press as the “truck-owners,” the meni-
[4629]bership of the truckers’ gremio—guild—was ainest
[4630]entirely composed of owners of one or two trucks
[4632]-{wha feared an announced pian to establish a state
[4633]trucking agency which would have had pricrity
[4634]access to new trucks and spare parts). Tha strike
[4635]quickly spread across the nation, as the truckers
[4636]were joined by bus and taxi drivers, shapkeepers,
[4637]doctors, nurses, dentists, airline pilots, engineers
[4638]and part of the peasantry. The Christian Democrass
[4639]and the rightist parties supported the strikers, and
[4640]the work stoppage dragped on for over 3 mont
[4642]resulting in an estimated loss of $150-200 miiton,
[4644]in production. Agriculture was particularly hava hx
[4645]because the strike, took place in the midst ef the
[4646]planting season; indeed, thera is no doubt that ps:t.
[4647]‘though not all, of the 25 S-percent drop in the 1973
[4648]harvest was the consequence of the Strike. Incustry
[4650]"* Socretaris General del Goplerns, Liana B/anco (write Awal,
[4651]Santiago, 1973, pp. 103-03.
[4653]Some Inigices of the Chilean, 1 Eesnomy, 1970-72 |
[4655]" otner grouns. On Ine pertistence of worker “economism,” seo James
[4657]1970 a) Ce
[4658]37 83 14
[4659]86 242 $8.5
[4661]$129 1045 0 - 853 .
[4662]1629 1124 1287
[4664]“wag mul ag adversely affected, since workers at-
[4665]ternpled to keep factories going despite manage-
[4666]ments clfarts ta cease production—and the October
[4667]strike saw the emergency of “Industrial Belts"
[4668](Cordanes) and “Communal Commands," which
[4669]tecmed to embody the.type of spontaneous “popular
[4670]power” that leftist theorists had spoken of as the
[4671]basis of a yenuine revalutionary class consciousness
[4672]to replace the materialistic “economism” that: had
[4673]Characterized Chilean workers until this time.”
[4674]When se workers seized closed factories, the plants
[4675]wre usually "intervened" by the government; so
[4676]that an Important result of the October strike wos a
[4677]. considerable expansion of the government-controlicd
[4678]sector-of industry and trade,
[4680]The most important outcome of the strike, how-
[4681]ever, was the dircct involvement of the military in
[4682]the Aliende cabinet. A condition of the settiement
[4683]of the strike was that the military take over key cabi-
[4684]net posts. This resulted most notably in the assign-
[4685]ment of the Ministry of the Interior to the Com-
[4686]mander-in-Chiet of the Army, General Carics Prats,
[4687]$0 a#% to assure that the congressional elections’
[4688]scheduled for March 1973 would be carried on freely
[4689]and impartially.
[4691]The involvement of the military ard the prepara-
[4692]tions for the March elections brought about a lu
[4693]in the escalation of political contlict in Chile. Inevi-
[4695]19 The Cordones were more of lets sqoatanenusly organized
[4696]Committees uf workers from seized factories which Coordinsted
[4697]Producion any dstinubun in a given imdusiesl area. Tag Communal
[4698]Commenss (Comanses Comungies) were organized By the Corsonet
[4699]to mob-nze the local population In the surrounding area. They
[4700]incinded representatives of Ne gn MOA! Committees {juntas ce
[4701]velinos), mutrers' groups (centros de macres), price control and
[4702]Pstidybon committees (juntas Je adaSie.ruENIO y precos), and
[4704]Petras, “Crile: Natonahzatan, Socweconomc Change and Poovlar
[4705]Participation,” Stud.es sn Comparative inte nations! Deveiogment
[4706](Beverly Hits, Cal), Sering 197], 00. 2451, alsa available in
[4707]james Petras, Ed, Latin Amenca: Fram Desensence ip Revoluton,
[4708]New York, Wiley, 1973, Chap. 2. a
[4710]14-0000
[4712]-tably, however, it also produced political divisions
[4714]Rap Pa
[4716]in
[4718]AU,
[4720]_Symptomatic of leltist attacks on Chilean institutions, a Sacre wail goster denounces the country’s
[4721]“SSupreme Court as “Protectors of Fascist Sedition.” -
[4723]—Photo by von do Onis for fhe New York Times.
[4725]of the coxers of government-appointed Supply and
[4726]which had hitherta been | Distrituce-. Cornmittees (IAPS) to deat with the
[4727]relatively aloof from the process. of polarization. it | dlack-mareat * proe tem led the opposition to charge
[4728]was Soon apparent, for instance, that General Prats | politica! s:atupelation of food distribution; nonethe-
[4729]was willing to give the government the berefit of | less. tre government SEEMED powerless ta combat
[4730]the doubt in nearly every irstance that its decisions | black-mizret: operations.
[4731]or actions were challenged. Conversely, the Navy : .
[4732]was noticeatly less enthus iastic, and in January | ce mp pe
[4733]‘Admiral Ismael Huerta resigned from the cabinet Phe March 1973 Elections .
[4737]over plans for the initiaticn cf what he took to be |
[4739]& food-rationing system. It is now-also known that | The congressional elections in March did not re- |
[4741]the first plans for a possibie coup were made by | solve eryvririg. Chile's right-wing parties had hoped
[4743]Intermediate-level officers at the end af 1972."* | that food secrtages and econorni¢ difficulties would
[4745]Food distribution became a critical issue as d PIOCUCE 2 twvt-thirds Majority against the govern-
[4746]|
[4748]within the military itself,
[4750]black market continued to expand, with much of | ment, ance “ Ment in turn permit the impeachment
[4751]Chile's agricuttural production going into illegal | ct the Prannent, but the results, while showing
[4752]channels because of the government's refusal to | an anti-government majority of 56 percent, gave
[4753]Increase the official prices paid for agricultural pro- | tha Aviencs regime 44 percent—a larger vote than
[4754]duce. The result was, in effect, two separate price | most ceservers nad predictcd. The opposition
[4755]systems—a subsidized, state-owned distribution | pointed cuc chat the vote of the pro-government
[4756]system oriented primarily toward the low-income | forces naz ceciinea trom the 50 percent they had
[4757]groups and 4a flourishing black market aimed at registered ir: the 1971 municipal elections, while
[4758]middie. and upper-income groups. The expansion | the goverrmen: compared its 44 percent with the
[4759]. 25 percess scat Allende had received in 1970.
[4761]fact, tha amy proper basis for comparison was he
[4763]1ne New Yorn Tames (Now Yorn), Sept. 27, 1973.
[4768]14.90000
[4770]|
[4772]\" neighborhood; a Socialist slofun on the cutsi
[4774]\ 1969 congressional elections. On that dasis, the
[4775]; te'tist parties had suffered a slight toss in votes But
[4776]j bad achieved a slight gain in seats. Certain opposi-
[4777]* Lonisls later argued that the Left would have suf-
[4778]‘tured much greater losses had it not. bean for a
[4779]fmyeernment-assisted electoral fraud involving some
[4780]790.000-300,000 votes, but the statistics presented
[4781]«-*@ support of the argument are unconvincing.”
[4782]i While the government's interpretauon ot tne elec-
[4783]i tans as proof that it was expanding iis popular sup:
[4784]- fet was Nat aecurate, the election results |
[4785]‘at at least it had not lost popularity 3s rapidly as
[4786]Stewous governments faced with similar esonomic
[4787]severses, Despite a wage readjustment ny October;
[4788]test wages had declined 7 percent in 1972, and cag:
[4789]_ hg intighon continued to consume the wake increase.
[4790]n catly 1973, However, the combination cf dis-
[4792]-¢nmastory distribution of government-arscuced
[4794]: Weds and appeals to class consciousness seemed to
[4798]i Nae teyeat at the Bavestigating Committee of Ine [oe
[4800]fea LAwl, feprosuced in Ine Libro Brancy, BS. 22039.
[4801]A ee wrere i 1973 omit the 2)-49-24 yea os BUD
[4802]ave teen 100 yOuNG 10 vole in 1970. 17e0 ONT Sed
[4804]1 et comity the mumber Of “fraudulent” voters estmaied wy the
[4805]ont
[4807]| apprehensive middle-class homeowners man a watchtower along a se
[4809]ated -
[4811]curity wall built around thelr Santl-
[4812]de of the wall counters with “We Wil Win.”
[4814]Photo by Santi Viral) lor Photoreporter®
[4816]' have stemmed the erosion of support, at feast amer3
[4817]the masses of the 920r, ,
[4819]Untartunalely for the government's longer-range
[4820]interests, the deliberate accentuation of cizzs
[4821]consciousness had an opposite effect on the midate
[4822]class, driving: middie<lass areas to organize them-
[4823]selves into “Neighborhood Committees” to defend
[4824]themselves. It aleo, for the first time, led many (9
[4825]arm themselves for a possible confrontation, which
[4826]scemed more likely ROW that the sataty valve of an
[4827]impending electicn was Ao longer present. A gov
[4828]ernment proposal to limit futt wace readjustments
[4829]to those making !ec¢ than three times the minimum
[4830]wage did nothing to reassure the hostile midcle-
[4831]income groups. ;
[4833]Before the elections, it had peen rumored that
[4834]there might be ancther attempt in March at an
[4835]accommadation between the regime and the oppasi-
[4836]tion ferces, possibly under the auspices of the
[4837]military. Any possible accord of this type was quickly
[4838]Prevented by the publication, two day after the
[4839]elections, cf a government decree calling for the
[4840]initiation in June of a single rational unified schcol
[4841]system, which would follow a common curriculum:
[4842]including compulsory Courses in socialism and work
[4844]a
[4846]14-0000
[4848]Allende irt
[4850]Actrospect
[4852]The ens uing “Uproar involved
[4854]periods in
[4855]the Cathe ©
[4856]sitlon to the
[4857]of seconds:
[4859]ferament and mobilized thousands
[4861]tions in dearavan Santiago. Stories of fierce argue
[4862]ments over the school proposals among the top
[4863]Military offcer. (the military had left the cabinet
[4864]after the elections) fillered into the national press,
[4865]and a Military delegation held a formal meeting
[4866]Ministry to express their -of.p03i
[4867]Geerzy subsided anty when the gov-
[4868]emment anrcunced that tne proposal had been
[4869]postponed, peviticg further discussion.
[4871]Withia the government, the debate continued on
[4872]whether ta “consclidate In order to advance” (the
[4873]Communist gition) or to “advance without com-
[4874]promise” (th¢ Socialist stance), One Indication of
[4875]how the dezzte was resolved was the decision by
[4876]the yovernmect 19 use a constitutionally-autharized
[4877]“decree of iszitence” allowing: the cabinet to over-
[4878]ride the rulirgs of the Controller General of Chile,
[4879]Hector Hurreces, who had disallowed the réquisi-
[4880]tioning of scere of the factories taken over during
[4881]the Octcter 1972 strike. Conflicts also continued
[4882]with the judiciery over the exccutive's refusal to
[4883]obey court c7cers to return seized properties. On
[4884]May 26, the Secrerne Court sent a pudlic Iciter to
[4885]the President cerouncing
[4887].. . the iflega! attitude of the administration...
[4888]{Its] open ard continual rebellion against judiciat
[4889]orders... which signifies a crisis of the rule of law
[4890](and) the imminect breakdown of the juridical struc-
[4891]ture of the country.*
[4893]The stalemzte between the executive and the
[4894]Congress over tre constitutional amendment on the
[4895]“Three Areas of Property" was compounded when
[4896]the Constitutics:zt Tripunal refused to take jurisdic-
[4897]tion over the ciscuted question of whether, in the
[4898]absence cf a ¢.ec%scite, the Congress could override
[4899]the Presiderit’s item vetoes by a majority or by a
[4900]two-thirds vcre.* A second constitutional conflict
[4901]along the sam fines developed when the oppasition
[4902]majority in Conz7¢ss voted in favor of an amendment
[4903]to give farms uncer 40 hectares. (about 100 acres)
[4904]in size an acse'.te guarantee ‘against expropriation
[4906]3 Udvo Blancs, 9. 215.
[4907]10 The term “ie sete” retiects (he fact that the Chilean president,
[4908]unlike nis US courtercart, Can velo OF Even Hewrile individual SECUICAS
[4910]of proposed iawn.
[4912]urch for the first time in formal appo- ,
[4914]ans {5 Long eh the ist tributicn ci lard in the,
[4915]formed” tector tothe peasanicy elfer a transitional
[4916]perits of two years. (Whe poveramerit had once again
[4918]$4 sfacphole in the 1967 law to portpone in-
[4919]7 the dishibation of evprepriated land by
[4920]ual fille, y
[4922]‘ation was mening into - 4 new
[4923]. The ene efiset that the gov.
[4924]ons had mace te hold th foemits refusal to
[4925]@ fuil costeotlEving ware increave to the €1
[4926]prounds that under
[4929]they had already r
[4930]Of-fratg increases-—led to a bn tyo-und-a-haif
[4931]ronin éteixe, which included a ficérs’ march on
[4932]and simuitaneous one-day
[4933]trikes for and ugainet the government In
[4934]By that time, Allende 1045 once more
[4935]ready to resort lo military Involverrent In the cabinct
[4936]to rete social peace.
[4938]Laser Stage—Decline and Fall
[4941]On sure: 29, the last act of the Chilean tragedy
[4942]revolt by the Secand Armored
[4943]Apparcntiy, several army
[4944]units hed been in contact with Palsia y Libertad, a
[4945]right-wog political ercanization, and had planned to
[4946]seize Frevcent Allende at his residence and to
[4947]cctucy Ine presidential palace. The revolt was
[4948]canceled one day before it was to occur, but when
[4949]one of rhe cHicers of the Second Armored Regiment
[4950]wat affestes and bela in the Defense Ministry, (he
[4951]Regirrent ceciced to tree him and in the process to
[4952]seize tee presidential palace as criginaily planned.
[4953]General Prats, the Any Commander, used the other
[4954]Military erits in Sannazo to put down the revolt in
[4955]a few haurs—mast of which were spent in negotia-
[4956]nag—Dbut not befcre President
[4957]Allends nes gone on the air to urye "the people” to’
[4958]lake over aii industries and enterprises as a response
[4959]to the uprising of “a small group of rebellious mili-
[4960]tary men.” Tne Central Labor Federation also urged
[4961]the wirzers to cecupy the factories, and in one day
[4962]the numcer cf conmipanics taken over by the govern-
[4963]ment rese from 282 to 526. The “Industrial Belts”
[4964]that had sprung up at tne time of the October strike
[4965]Now achieved new impertance. The spread of “peo
[4966]ple’s power (peder pooular) had teen seen by
[4967]Allenae 23 a deterrent ta a possible future coup,
[4968]but it created many additional problems for the |
[4970]. .
[4972]56
[4974]14-0000
[4977]SE ee een ee tnenerets s poenannn eee Nhe eee ate ld panto nee came,
[4979]Aas OO Ree 5 cet
[4981]DERE 20 A PO ERP ASR RUE
[4982]3A Attempt fo overthrow the government
[4983]aod tnilitary intchipence was also aware
[4984]sion of arms training by all the govern-
[4985]a even the centrist Radicals.” In the
[4986]course of their Crackdown, the military fotind arms
[4987]cache: in factories In Santtage and Concepcién, and
[4988]the kite cf a worker in one such arms raid pro-
[4989]voked pretest; from the leftist parties,
[4990]paint, the Chilean Communist Party and
[4991]ig Church both concluded independently
[4992]that the crty solution ta the Impasse in Chile was
[4993]attempt at an agreement between the
[4994]Allende gi. sernment partics and the Christian Demo.-
[4995]rats. Tic Communists initiated a campaign against
[4996]Civil war meng. simultaneously with a statement by
[4997]the Chitezn hierarchy calling for a renewal of dia-
[4998]logue, Peebably in response to these pressures on
[4999]both <i tug lengthy discussions took place: on
[5000]. : July 31 between UP and PDC representatives. Both
[5001]| Workers in hardhats and bearing pitchtorks march | Allende a6 the Christlan Oemacrats agreed on the
[5003], necessity of eaforecment of the Arms Control law, J
[5005]in Santiago in support of the Allende administration ‘ ‘ For |
[5006]during briet nationwide strikes by pro- and anti. ; bul di feesment continued on the constitutional
[5007]Marsist elements in mid-June 1973. ‘ reforninAscede offered ta sien tne arnendment on
[5009]: the “Three Areas af Property" in return for a con.
[5010]eraendment specifying that the Congress
[5011]ceerrida presidential vetoes of constitu.
[5012]| goveanment Production declined Sharply after the | tional 2 emerits by a two-thirds vote. He also
[5013]i Ukeovers, the opposition gat fresh fust for its C19 | proposed tablishment of joint committees to
[5014]; that the expansion of state control of industty W354 work out further apreements, However, the Christian
[5015]: tong carried out through extralegal Channels, and | Demnciets éencunced these proposals as “dilatory”
[5016]' “perter popular” —as expressed in the worker occu: | ang broke off the nepatiations.
[5018]F-1llons—appeared to sonie extent to pose a possibie | A few days before the dialogue was Initiated, the
[5019]| "reat of an alternative to the power of the central | truckers kegan another strike, which was to fast
[5020]» B%ecrament . from July 26 until the coup on September 11. As in
[5021]_ Alter the June 29 revolt, Allende made new effarts. | October, the truckers were joined by the other
[5022]"12 “acure military involvement in the BOverUneAL, | promics. Coming at a time when the 12-month
[5023]ar ; bt Ais negotiations with the armed forces were | inflation rate, fueled by massive government budget
[5025]1 “Msuccesslul."" Instead, they embarked on a pOlicy | doticits and subsidies to the natlonalized Industries
[5027]ot wRorous enforcement of the Arms Contrct Law, a} ang agriculture, had reached 323 percent—and In
[5029]! Peawure which had been adopted in October 1972 | a situation where inventories had not yet been built
[5030]- Bt cnly sporadically enforced thereafter. This ‘aw | up from the October strike—the truckers’ action
[5032]shorted any, military or police commanders to! created much maré serious problems for the govern.
[5033]«wry Gul arms searcties if there was “a Presumption | ment than the earlier strike. This new crisis once
[5034]. «tthe clandestine existence of illegal firearms." | apsin raised the question of military participation
[5035]Wha sight wing Patrig y Libertad organization had | in the cabinet, and General Prats persuaded his
[5036]fom announced publicly that it was going under. fellow commanders that It was their Patriotic duty
[5038]: - to re-enter the cabinet in order to settle the strike.
[5040]+O fee oat ating accounts uf those fegotistions aopear in Ercitia :
[5041]+ Mest, bo 1017, 1999, op, 7-10, .
[5043]“Pew hs 10048, 0.870 Ofica (Santiago), Oct. 22, 1972. By a »  MAllense's ferscnal todyguard had Organized Courses In arms
[5044]4 '¥'0 he tom Rad cme to Alinnce’s cosh in tne mast of tne Waning at fos vacaten rouse uetvide of Santiaca. Tne MAPU be fan
[5045]TOA Hee Once Hed the sucng susport of thea armed arms-traneng in Oecember 1972, ana ine Radicais dls so in Suty 1973,
[5047]i Oe NO O66 Comaned to SGN 1 desoite the Coposition ofthe The armes turces were amare of its al teast oy tne ens of duly.
[5048]"howe Cun we the ane, See documents in’ uaso Bence, pp. 43-45, 192-93, 196200.
[5050]57
[5052]OnE titers
[5054]| ~Wide World Photos | stitutions
[5055]Could cn
[5057]Bre
[5059]v ne,
[5061]FR Memes ee *
[5063]14-0000
[5065]Allende in Retrospe ct
[5067]Trucks stand idle outside Valparaiso, Chile on Scp-
[5068]tember 8, 1973, the 44th day of a paralyzing trans-
[5069]portalion strike,
[5073]On August 9 Allende swore in what. he called a
[5074]“national security cabinet,” with General Prats as
[5075]Oefense Minister, Air Force Commander César Ruiz
[5076]as Minister of Transport (the ministry which would
[5077]ceal with the striking truckers), and the heads of
[5078]the Navy and of the National Police in other cabinet
[5079]posts,
[5081]Almost colncident with the entrance. of the mil-
[5082]itary Into the cabinet, the naval establishment be-
[5083]came Involved in a serious conflict with the left wing
[5084]of the Allende coalition. On August 7, the naval
[5085]Intelligence arm announced the discovery of a plot
[5086]to carry out an enlisted men’s revolt on Aupust 11 in
[5087]Valparaiso and Concepciédn. The announcement
[5088]accused PS Secretary General Carlos Altamirano,
[5089]MAPU leader Oscar Garreton, and Miguel Enriques,
[5091]| head of the MIR, of being the “intellectual authors”
[5093]of the revolt and demanded the lifting of the con-
[5094]gressional immunity of the first two, who sat respec-
[5095]tively in the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies.
[5096]Two days before the September coup, Altamirano
[5097]admitted that he had encouraged navymen to resist
[5098]their coup-minded (goipista) officers.” .
[5099]This attempt to subvert the hierarchy of a service
[5100]command from below was combined with maneuvers
[5102]99 tt was an imiicatan of the continuing press freedom in Chile that
[5103]«easstands in downtown Chile at (nis time conta sea 2 left-wing
[5104]publication NesaLned, ‘“Solaers, Disobey Your Oft-cers," 6nd &
[5105]magazine of the axtreme Right with tne neagines, “The Rignt.ot
[5106]Revelion,” “Reteiion ang its Goals,” ans “Retistance to ihe Tyrant.”
[5108]by Allende to replace officers unsympathetic to him.
[5109]When Genvral Ruiz resigned “his ‘cabinet post on
[5110]Aupust 17 in protest apainzt nis lack of sufficient
[5111]power to settle the stris]a, Allende compelled him |
[5112]to add that his; departure from the cabinet “im
[5113]plicitly” carried with it his retirement as Air Force
[5114]Commander. This was correctly seen as an Allende
[5115]tactic to remove an officer opposed to him, and it’
[5116]mct serious resistance from within the Air Force,
[5117]provoking a series of actions which ‘ultimately led
[5118]directly to the September 1.1 coup.
[5120]On August 20, top Air Force officers met to ‘decide
[5121]whether to resist Aliende’s action. ‘By evening, Ruiz’
[5122]had persuaded them to accept it on the condition
[5124]‘| that: Allende appoint the second-ranking officer,
[5125]Genera! Gustavo Leigh, as Air Force Commander and |
[5127]name another Air Force general to the cabinet (so
[5128]that Allende could not repeai the same maneuver
[5129]with Leigh). The next night the wives of high-ranking
[5130]military officers, including. those of sia generals,.
[5131]gathered in front of General Prats’ house to present
[5132]a letter asking for his resignation. V/nen the cemon-
[5133]stffion was broken up by police tear gas, it pro-
[5134]voked such dissension in the armed forces that ‘on
[5135]the following day General Prats decided to resign
[5136]both as Defense Minister and Army Commander. He
[5137]was joined by two other generals who, with Prats,
[5138]had Jed the military forces that had quelied the
[5139]tank-regiment revolt in June. :
[5141]The resignation of what appeared to be the last |-
[5143]defenders ‘of Allende in the army now meant that
[5144]all three services were opposed to the President. It
[5145]coincided with the adoption on the same day of 3
[5146]“sense of the house" (acuerdo) resolution by the
[5147]Chamber of Deputies directed at the President and
[5148]the military ministers, drawing their attention to
[5149]“the serious breakdown of the constitutional and
[5150]lepal orcer.” * The resolution criticized the Allende
[5151]fovernment for repeatedly bypassing the legislature
[5152]through the use of legal loopholes and for refusing
[5153]to promulgate the constitutional reforms vco'ed by
[5154]the Congress. It accused Allende of ignoring judicial
[5155]orders, encouraging ilicgal seizure of property, perse-
[5156]cuting opposition labor groups, and supporting
[5157]illegal paramititary organizations. In conclusion, it
[5158]Stated that the listed actions constituted a “serious
[5159]breakdown of the constitutional and legat order of
[5160]the Republic” and urged the military ministers to
[5161]“put an end to the de facto situations listed above
[5162]which violate the Constitution and the law" or be
[5164]4* Lire Bianco, pp. 239-42.
[5167]14-00000
[5169]cuilty of “compromising tie national ond profes.
[5170]sional character of the armed forces.”
[5172]In its original form, the resolution ha! declared
[5173]the Allende government to be illegitimate, but the
[5174]acuerdo had later been softens in Order to secure
[5175]the support of the Christian Democrats. Yui its effect
[5176]was still to give a congrestional green. lint to the.
[5177]military, and Allende immediately so interpreted it.
[5179]of “promoting a coup d’ttat by askin: the military
[5180]forces to’ Make governinental judgacnts ‘Inde
[5181]pendently of the authority and dircction ‘of the
[5182]President"; he also pointed out that according to
[5183]{the Constitution the only: way that the Congress.
[5184]. Could decide on the legality of the Presicent’s con-
[5185]duct of his office was through. impeachment by a
[5188]The congressional vate was echocd by several
[5189]Professional associations. The Medics! Association
[5190]called on their “colleague” Allende to resign—a
[5191]fequest that was echood by the Federation of Pro-
[5192]fessionals (CUPROCH)-~and resignation’ petitions
[5193]were circulated in Santiago. The Lawycrs’ Association
[5194]Issued a declaration vehich—"“without ‘attributing a
[5195]malevolent intention” to the Presicdent—asserted an
[5196]: “incompatibility between the institutional framework
[5198]and the actions which he feels oblined to'carry out
[5199]in hls program." Arguing that Allende “would appear
[5200]to be incapacitated (impedido) in the exercise of his
[5201]functions as he understands them,” the statement
[5202]SugRested that he could be removed from office
[5203]under Article 43 of the Constitution, which auttor-
[5204]ites the Congress to declare presictential incapacity.”*
[5206]|
[5207]‘The Coup
[5209]‘he Coup
[5213]Exactly when the decision to carry out the coup
[5214]"was made is Not yet certain, but it evidently was
[5215]‘fesched in the days following Pruts* resignation.
[5216]j Whe armed forces had Contingency plans for the
[5217]; Control of vitat points throughout the country in case
[5218]1 Gf any emergency, and it Only required a sipnal to
[5220]She crment at mutitary men in at least sq caonet posts, as weil as
[5222]een coo v2 a aes
[5224]He replied to the motion by accusing the Congress |
[5226]within which he Is Supposed to excrcise his office. |
[5228]pyres Sys |
[5230]pul them into opération, sence the actual seizure of
[5231]control required bitte preparation, .
[5233]After the resignations of the third week of August,
[5234]Allende restructured his cabirict without the top
[5235]military commanders but stil retained representa-
[5236]lives of the armed forces in ministerial posts. Over
[5238]-the opposition of other PS leaders, he appointed as
[5240]‘tinister of the Interior his Secialict colleague Carlos
[5241]Briones, who was known to Le interested in another
[5242]attempt at accommodation with the Christian Demo-
[5243]Crats. The president aiso canceled 3 projected trip
[5244]to the Conference of Non-Aligned Nations in Algiers.
[5245]The: government and the opessition apain staged
[5246]rival demonstrations in connection with the third
[5247]anniversary of the 1970 presisectial elections..
[5249]On the weekend béfore the coup, the Christian:
[5250]Democrats called all provincial party leaders to a
[5251]mecting at which a proposal was adopted for the
[5252]simultaneous resignation of tre Congress and the
[5253]President and for. new. elections to resolve tha con-
[5255]‘Gen. Carlos Prats, then Commander.inChief of the |
[5256]Chilean Army and Minister cf Cefense, leaves the j
[5257]President Palace on August 15, 1973, after a
[5259]“AY umtenetrelary positions and as Keags:ct tne cniet govern: conference on the transport erisis.
[5261]Tete anurans Tre New York Times, Aug. 27, 1973, p. 12. .
[5262]Or Mercure (nternarionay Cation), Aug. 26-Seot. 1, 1973, p. 7.
[5264]59
[5267]14-0000
[5269]ne ee
[5271]Allende in Retrospect
[5273]are nee
[5275]recers of the Presidential Palace with his personal bodyguard en
[5277]Salvador Allende hurries through the corricc
[5278]the: morning of September 1 I, 1973, shortly before takiag his own life during the military coup aétat,
[5280]flict between the executive and legislative ranches.
[5281]During the same weekend, Allende met with the
[5282]leaders of his Popular Unity coalition and cated for
[5283]the holding of a plebiscite on his conduct of ofice.
[5284]Although this step was reportedly opposed by the
[5285]Socialists, Briones’ subsequently asserad that
[5286]Allende planned to announce the plebiscite in a
[5287]radio address at noon on the day of the cour.”
[5288]Meantime, after a stormy session with Aliende on
[5289]September 7, the military commanders proceeded-on
[5290]Sunday, September 9, to draft the text cf the
[5292]pronunciamiento issued on September 11. They did |_
[5294]not secure the agieement of the National Police
[5295]untl! early'on the morning of the coup itse?f, and
[5296]only after the fourth-ranking officer in senixi
[5297]taken over the position of police commanzer.
[5298]On September 10, Navy units set sail from
[5299]Valparaiso for previously scheduled manewers, but
[5300]that evening they returned tq port ana by early
[5301]morning of the 11th had seized contro! of that city.
[5302]Concepcién, the third-ranking city in Chile and a
[5304]47 information from the autnor’s cersonal interviews ean Fatrica
[5305]Aytwin, Jan. 11, 1974, and Carios Briones, Jan. 14, 1978.
[5307]48 Accounts of precour military actives adovar in The Cristea
[5308]Science Mon-tor (Boston), Sept. 17, 1973; Ine wai Street arn
[5309](New Yoru), Sept. 25, 1973. Le Monge (Paris), Dec. 19, 3372 ang
[5310]Robert Moss, “Chile's Coup ang After,” Encounter (Lonanu, Yarch
[5311]1974, pp. 72-60.
[5313]—Photo by The Mow York Times.
[5315]known center cf leftist activism, was taken over with.
[5316]out a hitch, Santiago required a few hours tonger.
[5318]' To justify their action, the military. commanders
[5319]broadcast a communiqué to the nation. “hile ad-
[5320]mitting that the Allende government had initially
[5322]come to power by legal means, they announced that
[5324]it had. “falten into flagrant illegitimacy” by violating
[5325]fundamental rights, by “artificially fomenting the
[5327]‘Class struggle,” by refusing to implement the de
[5329]cisions of the Congress, the judiciary and the
[5330]Controller-General, by causing a critical decline in
[5331]agricultural, commercial and ‘industrial. activity In
[5332]the country, and by bringing about a state of in-
[5333]flation and anarchy which “threaten the internal and
[5334]external security of the country. " The coup leaders
[5335]concluded: .
[5337]These reasons are sufficient in the light of classical
[5338]doctrine... to justify our intervention to depose a |
[5339]government which is illegitimate, immoral, and ua-
[5340]representative of the overwheiming sentiment of the :
[5341]nation,”
[5343]At 9: 30 a.m., when it was apparent that no one
[5344]but the GAP, his personal bodyguard, was ready to}
[5345]defend him, Alleride broadcast his {ast message to
[5347]F
[5348]2° Ubro Bianco, pp. 243-49, : . 1;
[5350]: 60
[5352]14-00000
[5354]SE enor Beepapoanreced
[5356]admunistration to justify 4. course states as 3 pre-
[5357]requisite “the support of the Majority of the people.”
[5358]Allende ‘acted as if he had ‘that support; but even
[5359]at the highest point of his popularity in the April
[5360]1971 ciections, he never achieved it. Moreover, his
[5361]policy of deliberate class polarization, aimed at ex-
[5362]panding his electoral base, was more successful in
[5363]pitting professional and middle-class groups against
[5364]him than iin widening his support among workers,
[5365]peasants and low-income groups. :
[5367]2) Maraist economists and policymakers have
[5368]always placed primary emphasis on Investment and
[5369]the expansion of the productive Capacity of the
[5370]economy. By contrast, the Allende policymakers |
[5371]emphasized increases In consumption and combined
[5372]this with a headlong rush to take over industry and
[5373]agriculture—a course far removed from the “two
[5374]steps forward, one step back” of Lenin. The conse-
[5375]-quences of these policies after their deceptive Initiat
[5376]SUCCess were massive government deficits, runaway
[5377]. inflation, and a neaf-breakdown of the economy,
[5378](The argument that Allende’s economic problems
[5379]were the result of a shortage of forelgn credit does
[5380]not reall hold water, since they were caused by
[5381]policies initiated before the foreinn squeeze ‘and
[5382]since, In any event, Allende's regime managed to
[5383]Securc enough foreign credits from Latin American,
[5384]European, Soviet and Chinese sources to increase
[5385]the Chilean foreign debt from $2.6 billion to 43.4
[5386]billion in tess than three years. Much of the new
[5387]indebtedness was to Western Europe and other Latin
[5388]American countries. Surprisingly, Chite’s debt to the
[5389]USSR, China and Eastern Europe Incréased only from
[5390]$9 million to $40 million between 1970 and:
[5391]1973.")
[5394]#° Translated fram the transcript of tho tape recording of the speech
[5395]Published In Ricerao Boitard, £1 Ultimo Dia oa Artense (The Lact
[5396]Day of Allende), Santiago, Eauorial ae Pacifico, 1973, pp. 53-55,
[5398]10n Allende’s suiciae, see the. medical report in &% Mercure
[5399](International Edition}, Oct. 29-Nov. 4, 1973, pp. 1 and 7. The
[5400]eyewitness testimony of one of tha Presiaznt's personal physicians,
[5401]who entered Ine room Immediately inereanter, Is published in Erciita,
[5402]dan. 2-8, 1976 pp. 10-13, Allento’s widow nas asserted tat
[5403]witnesses told her they nad seen odullet wounds In nis chest and
[5404]atemacn. A suppose account by 3 personal bodyguard circulated
[5405]in Mexico and elsewhere describing his murder contains numerous
[5406]factual errors ang describes events which Could nol Aare taken
[5407]Glace Because of Ihe physical design of the duilding. On this and
[5408]Many other myths of Lett ang Aignt concerning the overtnrow of
[5409]Altende, see Paul £. Sigmuna, “Altemie rrougn the Mytns,”
[5410]Wortdvew (New York) April 3974 pp. 16-21.
[5412]“! Secretaria, Comite inte-americano de ta Alianza bara el Progreso
[5413](CIAP), Et Estuerzo interna y 1as Necesidades ce Financiamiento
[5414]Esterna.para el Desarrolio de Chie (Domestic Etforts ana ine Needs
[5415]for External Financing fcr tne Devetopment of Chile), Wasnington, OC,
[5416]1974, p. v-9, :
[5418]a Sere hast Sete STS VICES
[5420]p ople over the single pi . AHtende radio
[5421]Station that had not yet been shut down by the
[5422]military. He began: — 7 ,
[5424]-This is surely the last time that | will be able (to speak
[5425]“To you... .. My words are not spoken in bitterness:
[5426]but disappointment, In the face of these events |
[5427]can only say to the workers, “I am not Going to
[5428]resign.” At this historic juncture J will pay with my
[5429]life for the loyalty of the people.
[5431]Blaming “foreign capital, imperialism, and reaction”
[5432]for persuading the armed forces to break with their
[5433]tradition, he sald: - et
[5435]History will judge them. ... My voice will no longer.
[5436]come to you, but it does not matter, You will con-
[5437]tinue to hear it; it will always be among you. At the
[5438]feast, you will remember me as an honorable man
[5439]who was loyal to the revolution,” a ‘
[5441]At 11:00 a.m., the coup leaders permitted those
[5442]who wished to do so to feave the bullding, and—
[5443]except for his personal secretary—all the women,
[5444]rlacluding Allende’s pregnant .daughter, teft. The
[5445]Military also offered the President and his family
[5446]safe conduct out of the country if he would sur-
[5447]render. Allende rejected the offer. The Air. Force
[5448]then sent in Hawker Hunter bombers, which re-
[5449]Peatedly hit the palace with rockets and set fire to
[5450]large portions of it. Finally, shortly after 1:30 p.m.,
[5451]Allende decided to discontinue. the resistance, and
[5452]the members who had been with him left the build-
[5453]ing .in singte file, led by the secretary carrying a
[5454]-white flag. Allende stayed behind and, sitting on
[5455]3 sofa in a reception room on the second floor, put
[5456]!wo bullets into his head. The automatic rifle ‘that he
[5457]used was a gift from Fidet Castro." : a
[5460]Conclusions , :
[5461]_
[5462]Since the coup, comments In the world press
[5463]1 fepresenting widely divergent political postures have
[5464]| eted the Chitean case as proof that the hope of
[5465]j schieving Marxist socialism through democratic
[5466]; Means is a'vain one, Yet most people have failed. to
[5467]tote two fundamental errors of the Allende policy,
[5468]Pawither of which was essentially related to the
[5469]i attempt to establish democratic socialism:
[5470]+ (1) As noted at the outset, the very quotation from
[5471]HEngels that Allende cited at the beginning of his
[5474]14.90000
[5476]Allende in) Retrospect
[5477]cE
[5478]Snecite aspects of the Chilean system also mage
[5479]the Allende experiment a particularly difficult one.
[5480]He was able to come to power in the first place
[5481]because of Chile's deeply-rooted commitment to the
[5482]democratic. system and because the Marxist parties
[5483]were able to mobilize a part of the proletariat and
[5484]the peasantry, and he had at his disposal many
[5485]instruments tor state control of-the economy which
[5486]had been developed by previous administrations
[5487]since the 1930's. However, he: was required to
[5488]operate within an institutional system which included
[5489]frequent ‘and: staggered elections, proportional. rep-
[5490]resentation, and a multiparty system which made
[5491]majority rule very difficult.and often gave veto pow:
[5492]ers-to the extremes of Right-and Left. The econoiny
[5493]had been characterized for nearly a century by 2
[5494]chronic tendency to inflation, and successive govern-
[5495]ments had consistently ignored agriculture in the
[5496]Interest of securing urban electoral support. The
[5498]most important systemic constraint of all, of course,
[5500]was the existence of a professionalized and insti-
[5501]tutionally-loyal military which was unresponsive to
[5502]the Ideological blandishments of the Left."
[5504]- The immediate causes of the military intervention
[5505]are apparent from the preceding account, In the last
[5506]part of 1972, the military were drawn into Chilean
[5508]politics by both sides and became as polarized as.
[5510]the rest of Chilean society—with the overwhelming
[5511]majority joining the opposition to Allende. The con-
[5512]flict over education in March-April 1973 heignt-
[5513]ened that polarization just at the time the military
[5514]were’atiempting to extricate themselves from poiiti-
[5515]cal Involvement. Then the expansion of arms
[5516]searches in mid-1973 revealed the extent to which
[5517]Chile was becoming an armed camp on the verge
[5518]of civil war, Finally, the efforts to subvert the existing
[5519]military hierarchy by a combination of teftist activ
[5520]ity among enlisted men and presidential. maneuver-
[5521]ing with promotions and retirements provided the
[5522]classis scenario for a coup d'état.
[5524]One can also relate Allenae's duticulties to the
[5525]inherent contradictions in the Marxist theory {9 which
[5526]he appeated.. At the same time that he proctained
[5527]his faith ina démoctatic, plutatist and libertarian,
[5528]transition, to socialism, many ot his Marxist. sup-
[5529]porters spoke and acted.on the basis of a belief In
[5530]the inevitability of armed confrontation, With his
[5531]knewledge, they armed themselves and—-what was
[5532]worge—talked incessantly about revolution. The re.
[5533]peated Statements of Régis Debray and others that
[5534]the observance of the rules of “bourgeois” legality
[5535]was only a tactic until the balance of forces had
[5536]improved was hardly likely to persuade doubters of
[5537]the sincerity of Allende’s commitment to democracy. |
[5538]When the importation and distribution of arms was
[5539]combined with efforts to reorganize education along
[5540]ideological lines, to sUbvert military discipline, and
[5541]to rearrange the hierarchy of command, It Is not
[5542]altogether surprising that the military finally took
[5543]action. : :
[5545]A positlve:evaluation of the Allende years would
[5546]certainly credit him with a sincere effort to ralse
[5547]tog living standards of low-incoma groups and te
[5548]involve them: actively in the determination of their
[5549]own future. It would likewise stress the continued
[5550]existence of freedom of expression for alt points of
[5551]ciew in Chile right up to the coup. A more negative
[5552]assessment would ask whether the low-income
[5553]groups in Chile genuinely benefited from an eco-
[5554]nemic poticy. which after the first half of 1972 pro-
[5555]duced hyperinflation, a continuous drop in agrl-
[5556]Cultural and industrial production, and a reduction
[5557]in the real value of wages and salaries. Even more
[5558]critically, one could inquire wha has suffered the
[5559]most in economic and in human terms as a result of
[5560]the breakdown of the Chilean systent—the Marxist
[5561]politicians, many of whom were able to escape or
[5562]£9 into exile, or the workers, peasants and slum:
[5563]dweilers they claimed to represent. who are new
[5564]paying the price of the Allende regime's mistakes
[5565]in the form of the hardships imposed by sharply |
[5567]rn F
[5568]reduced consumption and the strictures of dracon-
[5570]31 The Socialists atwavs Oolioved that Iney could convert the
[5571]military to ther Outionk, Inia is stokingly feveaied 1 Socialist Party
[5572]gocuments publisned in the L:D10 Bianco, Bd. 124-30.
[5574]ian military rule.
[5577]14.90000
[5580]'
[5581]i
[5583]‘aims, aithough the Cuban res
[5584]_ cadicalisation of party strategy.
[5586]Junqualiviea support to ths
[5587]:of Czechoslovakia in 1963. V4
[5589]SOVIET 4 AINSTy Loraica
[5590]15 Auguct 197b .
[5592]Kremiin’s Hand
[5594]in Aden.’ Ss Chile
[5596]by. JAMES THEDERGE
[5598]Why did Salvador Allende’s revolutionary gov-
[5599]ernment end in a blaodbath deszize Soviet sup-
[5600]port and the plaudiis of the werle’s lelt-wing
[5601]extremists, who saw In Chile a new poth for
[5602]_ Socialism’ 's march to power?
[5604]damos Theberge. who is. Director of the Letin
[5606]‘Americon Depsrtment of the Gesrgetown Uni-
[5608]versity Center tor Strategic ard: International
[5609]Studies, shows how Moscow, the Tig brother”,
[5610]though eager to explicit this opening in Latia
[5611]America to tha full, disagreed with Allende’s
[5612]heedlong methods, and while wersing him of the
[5613]growing. economic chaos denied him enouga
[5614]financial eid.
[5616]In 1925, Moscow diszatched EuZocio Navires,
[5617]a brilliant Peruvian Commun's arergsnicer, to Chilo
[5618]to implament tho “united front” ara “anti-fascist
[5619]populzr frent” strategy thar hed rep jlecad tho
[5620]ultra-loft strategy of the Cor-irtern. Since that
[5621]time the Chilean Coinmunist p27 generally has
[5622]followed a strategy of brsad aliianzs and fimited
[5623]sign fed lo
[5625]The Chilean Communist garty, one of tha most
[5626]loyal gro-Soviut partiaa jn Letn ANSI. gave
[5630]‘havo shifted through the years <3 a result of
[5631]dornestic end intornational daveicomnects, it un-
[5632]stintingly supported the tis, sof Soviat
[5633]foreign peticy and repeates (.°o2c70"s tnemes of
[5634]anti-imapeariaiism and class wariue.
[5636]The party, at least price ta the military Inter-
[5637]‘vertion of Septenrber, 12973. wes the best organ-
[5638]Ised and strongest in Lsiin #merica. Esrwaen
[5639]1956 and 1969 it formad on cneesy alliance for
[5640]olectoral purposes with the Soc*ci:st Party, its
[5641]more militant Marxist rival co the Left. But in
[5642]1969 tho Communists dzcic sta mush more
[5643]broadly based ailiance of 4g forcas was
[5644]Necessary fer the transformatica cf the country
[5645]into a socialist state and ney gizved a key role
[5646]in tho founding of the Pozuier Unity Front (a
[5647]coalition of six leftist partiae) az the end of that
[5648]year, Aiter the 1970 electcr2t victory of tha
[5649]Popular Unity Front uncer Satvecer AM
[5650]Communis:s became tna s-e¢'a mest é
[5652]forca within the coalition. It + é for setter
[5653]Organised and discialined pe than its
[5654]closest rival, the mora idec!<3: sable and
[5656]militant Socistist Party.
[5658]The ultimate aim of the party did r.ct waver
[5659]Tre Commur.ists
[5661]throughout tha Aliande period.
[5663]“dictatorship of
[5664]direction. Their Sucre
[5665]Lobarea, mioda this cl
[5666]Hores (Santizco, Cdito i
[5667]which he deslarad: “Feet tis
[5669]Srsiet bloc invasion ~
[5671]“Ism to Se octal necessarily requires that the
[5672]prolotariat be Converted into the loading class,
[5673]into the determining social force”,
[5675]Tho Communist strateay. shared by Salvador
[5676]Allends and the “mocarate” wing of the Socialist
[5677]Party, was to “o-srthrow"™ tha bourgeois state
[5678]and constitution, using the legal devica of tha
[5679]plebiscits, '% an interview with. Régis Deoray In
[5680]1974 Atands aid: "As for the bourgeois state at
[5681](ne present mormnant, wa aro scaking to overrcoma
[5682]it. To overterod il” (Régis Debray, The Chilzan
[5683]Revolution, Conversaticas with Aliende, New
[5684]York, Random Huuse, 1971 9.82), :
[5686]Mass seivdilisation, Infiltation of Chitean in-
[5687]stitutions and tactical alliances with tha coresie,
[5688]tion were 19 be amployad to generats sufficient
[5689]popular suger, Congress was to ba repizead bya
[5691]“popular assernhly” and tha existing legal system
[5692]by “psguler triounals.”” President Alienda’s
[5693]pistge to uphold the “Statuta of Guaraniees
[5694](dasignad ta cormmit his government to preserve
[5696]Chite’s detmocretic freedams and instituting in
[5698]exchange for Congressional suprort) was siunply —
[5700]a “tactic2s recersity”’ to qain power, as he ex-
[5702]plained fater.
[5704]Tne Chitezs Communists and their allies. in’ _
[5706]Moscow were uneasy about the id2ological im-
[5707]plications of the via Chilena as advocated by
[5708]Salvador Allenda (Debray, p.119). The Com-
[5709]munist party refused to endorse the via, Chilena
[5710]a8 a uniguety Chilean path to socialism, which
[5711]impticd (hat it might not necessarily assume the
[5712]leading tale after complate power was gained by
[5713]tha Popular Uniry coalition, The -Chitcan party
[5714]supoorted Mgsece's dictrine of the via peciica,
[5716]which accezted {ree eluctions anc popular piural-
[5718]ign as a short-tercn tactical device under Chilean
[5719]conditions but aimed in the tong run at installing:
[5720]a Soviet-styie Communist dictatarship. The vie
[5721]eicitea was not 3s “pacifis’ as tha slogan im-
[5722]phed: it embraced all forms of class cenflict and
[5723]violenca shert of armed insurrection and civil
[5724]warin the gracess of establishing the “‘dictator-
[5725]ship of tre peeletariat.’
[5727]: Misteading Images
[5728]The via Chilena proclaimed by Allende scon
[5729]aiter his election was widaly misundarstecd in
[5730]tha West, The image that was oNicially propa.
[5731]Gated was thet of a uniquely Chi'ean path to a
[5732]nove tyoe of Manist humanist socialism, where
[5733]a hoernes, Ecenom.c plus ad fra
[5734]elactions were respected hy ail, Western ibersls
[5735]ware led to bébeve that the Allgade Government
[5736]was Constructing 3 mew Western-Eurozean type
[5737]of demaczuitic cociatism in Chile, This imase
[5738]ct tow tha reality of Salvador Allends's
[5739]eatunonary ambition to use Cniio’s pluraiist
[5740]denosasy ta dsctroy it. Ha seemed to Fave
[5741]ndoned the via Chlena tormuta during the ist
[5742]nig government. Not oniy cid. ne rarely
[5744]you 6!
[5745]34
[5748]14-0000
[5750]arploy it In Nis speeches but the importance of
[5751]preserving “cemecacy. Plucaham and fberty™
[5752]vers CONSpCUOUSTy Jose. _
[5754]Tha government's policy was very much to
[5755]Moscow's liking: severe of US invasiments, tha
[5756]espousal of the doctrine et “ideulenicai plural
[5757]‘ism (ralations A atl status regardiass of
[5758]fdaology and intemal setitica! Character), ¢icaer
[5759]tolations with the socie'"st camp, and the foster:
[5760]Ing of en “anti-imgerislist. (anti-US) front in
[5761]Latin America.
[5763]Under the Allende cegime, foreign policy was
[5764]reoriented, and the prevtcusly close ties with the
[5765]Unitod States were tsstaced by strong political,
[5766]economic and sciextife ties with the “socialist
[5767]Countrias,”” above ail with Cuba anu the USSR.
[5768]Tho first tip of tha Fereig
[5769]Almoyda, outside ot Latin America was to the
[5770]USSA and Exstern Europy, in May-June, 1971,
[5771]President Allende visited Moscaw In Decamber,
[5772]1972, Strong ideuie band personal ties linked
[5773]tho Chilean Com st party feaders with the
[5774]Sovlet party luadersyip and Salvador Allende with
[5775]Fidel Castro,
[5777]President Allende's description of tha USSR
[5778]as. Chila’s “big brother” (Aermano mayor) was
[5779]no more figure of speech but reflectud tha expect.
[5780]ation of hie government that the USSR would be-
[5781]come tho most imsertant socialist ally of the
[5782]revolution and the main econdimic bulwark of the
[5783]tegima, Moscow did, in fact. become the most
[5784]Important source af sociatist camp uconamic aid
[5785]and ercdits to the Posulsr Unity gevernment,
[5786]totalling $629.0 milticn (2756.5 million in short:
[5787]term bank credit and $463.5 million in project
[5789]-ald ond suppliar crecits) in the 1971-73 pariod®.
[5791]Tho USSR authorise4 $2€9.5 milllon ia credits
[5792]{$98.5 million in shortre:m credit and $162.0
[5793]milion In econamnic a!a) to the Allenda regime,
[5794]most of which was névar utilised. This was far
[5795]from the massive he!p Attends nesded, But Mos-
[5796]Cow was under no illusion that its economic co-
[5797]Operntion would decisively influence ‘the
[5798]immediate prospects fer radicat social and
[5799]economic transformation, altnough it no doubt
[5800]helped reduce Chile's dependence on the United
[5801]States,
[5803]Soviet influence expanded tapidly as a result
[5804]of the Chilean Coram t party’ loyalty to the
[5805]USSA and tha expansion of Soviet-Chilean
[5806]economic, technical, scientific, cultural, and
[5807]fisharies cooperation sade passibte by the
[5808]victory of the Commua's:-Sociatist regima. But
[5809]Moscow became increzsingly alarmed at the
[5810]deterioration of the z2ccnomic situation, the
[5811]violent clashes of the ulira-latt and the ultra-right,
[5812]and the growing organisation of opposition farces,
[5813]Particularly after the Posulsr Unixy government
[5814]failed in tha March, 1973, elections to obtain the
[5815]majority electoral support required to transform
[5816]eS
[5817]*See Deuso Esterna a> C. Tano V, Departamento de
[5818]Créaitos Externos, CORO, Sanvrgs. 1973, for full de-
[5819]toils, .
[5821]nm tAinister, Clodomiro |
[5823]the political and econcenic structure by peacatul,
[5824]Corstitutcnal means,
[5826]Nevertheless, Mescow wag nei
[5827]Vids the massive short-tesn cot,
[5828]acta (such 43 foodstuffs) or un
[5829]currency Credits -which «tha tes
[5830]fnence tho import of food, spate p
[5831]machinery 0 aiteviata local shortages
[5832]$39.5 milion in short-teriy bank ery dtits 735 NO
[5833]Goudt hotpful but pated into insignificsnce belora
[5834]the read 9 financa Chila’a imnore requirements,
[5835]which, fcr food alana, werd runaing at the rate of
[5836]stout $709 million a yoar when tho Allende
[5837]teyma collansed. Tha Soviet lgacershig told
[5838]Chitsan Communis: and Pogular Unity officials
[5839]what the main eort to Improve the beanzmic situ.
[5840]ation would have to be trade by the Allerca pote
[5841]ernment . Mescow repeatndly stressed that the
[5842]Popular Unity government’) must reverso’ tha’
[5843]calzmious decling in production and product.
[5844]iwity 10 have a chance of Winning over a majazity
[5845]Of tho Chileans to the cause ‘of socialism.
[5848]Gd convertible
[5849]@ needed to
[5850]3s. and
[5853]Refusing to give Alienda ‘the hard currency
[5854]credits he needed t9 improve his .worsening
[5855]chances for survival, Moscow contented itself
[5856]with organizing colidarity muetings at tome ond
[5857]adroad in the hope ther these cemenstrations
[5858]would “reach the ears of the Chilesn pecnic”
[5859](Moscow Radio.13 August 1973), Alte “3's loyal
[5860]aby and “big brother” yaa willing to sell Soviet
[5861]machinery and equipment ta him—that is. exe
[5862]pane Soviet exnorts franced by tongerm credilsa -
[5863]—but denied him the short-term hard currency —
[5864]credits he desperately needed.
[5866]4 combinatien of circunatances — Moscow's
[5867]a3stty entanglement in Cuba, economic diificulties
[5868]et home, chertages of grain and foreign eachange
[5869]——ied the USSR to eschew mossiva short-term
[5870]aid to Chile and to counsel a prlicy of salt-help |
[5871]to the Allende reqime —~ a theme teneated fre-
[5872]-Guently by the Chiteen Communist party leader-
[5873]ship when referring to Soviet assistance. In the
[5874]final analysis Moscow weiched idly white the via
[5875]pesilica was destroyed by the disastrous
[5876]ecanomic policies, the circumvention of tha laws,
[5877]and the tacit ercouragement of the ultra-lete by
[5878]President Atlende and tha Popular Unity govern-
[5879]ment,
[5881]Moscow pursued a duat Strategy in Chile. At
[5882]the level of state-to-stste relations it acted
[5883]cautiously, adopted a non-ir erventianist posture,
[5884]and encouraged anti-Americanism ang independ.
[5885]ence from the United Statas. Since it realised
[5886]trat the internal balance of fo:ces did not favour
[5887]ime armed struggle, the Pogular Urity leavership
[5888]fas ere! to mainiain internal unity, reject the
[5889]“prove sailva and adventurous” overtures of the
[5890]uitradalt, avoid actions that might nrovake a civil
[5891]war or miliary irterveniion, adapta mera rational
[5893]conomic pciicy, and consolidzte the initia! gains
[5894]of tha revolution.
[5896]At the same tima, Moscow did Pathing to re-
[5897]strain direct Cuban invelvement in the Chilean
[5898]revolution. Protected 6; a friendly, Marxist.
[5899]daminated government 2nd its Marxist President,
[5900]Cuba wensporicd tarce quantities of Sever and
[5901]Crochesiovak-suaplied waapans ta tne nicest lett
[5903]. in Chile on the Cutan airiine and merchan: ships, ©
[5906]14.90000
[5908]Nalsa established a geereita training base and
[5909]oordinating centre In Crile, Tha tarce intatiig-
[5910]ency tearm in ‘he Cc cribassy in Santiags
[5911]ainnd Hints na ie NBeration movement
[5913]oa had clone tioa with
[5914]end other ruvolutlonary
[5915]them, with teaining, .2 arins
[5917]oxife Grouns, prov
[5918]ond furids for the armed strugyle in Ch. Ja and
[5919]other Latin Arnarican cou: tries. .
[5921]Revolutionaries Trained: .
[5923]Soviet ermy personnel very directly involved
[5924]in tha training of woreer sevuiutionaries lor urban
[5925]Querritta warfare. This oc
[5926]at El Bellotn, near Vatzaraizo, whera tha USSA
[5927]had installed a-factsry fcr tho’ manulactura of
[5929]| prefabricated huusing. ‘The firm (KPO) employed.
[5931]sixteen Russians, four ef whum were cayineers
[5932]and technicians: the . re
[5934]twelva officers instruc eS 2 herd-core of specially-
[5935]selected . worker-revolutviensrias in tha use of
[5936]arms, steect fighting. and urean querrilta’ tacties.
[5937]The Russiin-built factary vas Kept undir constant
[5938]surveiliance by Chile's naval intelligences. On the
[5939]morning of 11 Scptemtar 1972, navat intelligence
[5940]arrested te Russians and threa days’ later ex-
[5941]polled them from ths country*,
[5943]This clandestine involvement In training
[5944]guerrillas in Chile was an exception to Moscow's
[5945]Official line of giving full cunmport to the lagal and
[5946]puacelul a ta Sociatizen, Yur tha Sovint leader.
[5947]ship oparates on the prin
[5948]evontuality cannot be forescen it is botter tc take
[5949]advance messures which might “ccntradicat’’ the
[5950]official line than to be serry ster, In Chile there
[5951]clearty were some adva tages in having some
[5952]ormed revolutionaries ut di rect Soviet control:
[5953]Moscow veultd-be able to retaif some medsure of
[5954]Influence over the ultra-Jefr, particularly import-
[5955]ant in the event that this faction was able to seize
[5956]power. /s it turned out, Puss “united front’
[5957]tactics failed, and the armed strugg'e was aborted
[5958]by the Chilean military.
[5960]Soviet Industrial Espionage
[5961]Soviet Union made every effort to axiract
[5962]IM aCvantaze from its tachrical acsist-
[5963]ance programma, It as ez 46 technicians to
[5964]the naticratised cosper ivtustry to helo rise
[5965]productivity, all of whem were engaged in’ in-
[5966]dus‘rial escionaga. Thay were far more interssted
[5967]in gaining {rst-hand anseiecge ef the advanced
[5968]US mining equipment anc mainods of eparation
[5969]than in assisting Chilezn <evelogment. Anurés
[5970]Zauschquevicn, execunva vick-prasident of tha
[5971]copper cornscation, tai¢ me in Dece:ncer 13973
[5972]that tha scecialists curing their two-year stay
[5973]cant “buted nothing tothe imsrovement cf mining
[5974]13 ond wera mai in gathering
[5975]ons Of Amaricus wontent, obtaining
[5976]Info: mation en mining tathniques and organisa:
[5977]tion, and coltecting cata cn costs and procuct-
[5979]Moscow was also especially interested in
[5981]fisheries and fishery-reisted (oceanographic.
[5983]hydrographic and marina biological research)
[5984]Assistanca ta Chilo. Fisreries aid gave the
[5985]Russiun’s access to Chifzsn ports for its fishing,
[5986]Oceanogr: chic and other cascal =n mit
[5988]ad during 97273
[5990]; aining tasiva were...
[5991]‘Soviet army: officers, Af: urking hours, these ~
[5993], avoidaneg of civil war or military con
[5995]fe that sincy every -
[5997]the Chileans with a Saviet maritima presenca,
[5998]The growing presence in Chilgan waters, arcund
[5999]the Capa and In cub-Antarct'c waters peovitied 3
[6000]cover for cathering imteHigencea and ocsana-
[6002]graphic data of use to tha Soviet havy.
[6003]The Soviet Union offered to suouly $300
[6005]_million in military equigrnent 10 Allentia in 197%,
[6007]tut the military refused tho offer and ceticed ta
[6008]continue to obtain arms from the United Siotes
[6009]and othar Wostern suppliers. The anti-Comrnunist
[6010]military wero disturbed by thy deecening
[6011]economic and political violence under ths Popular
[6012]Unity government, und were anxicus not to
[6013]yevanen their military ties with tha United States
[6014]‘end Wostern Europe by turming to tne Sovint
[6015]Union for arms. M-.scow hed hoped to establish
[6017]- gn important precedent for supplying arma to nan.”
[6019]Communist countries in Latin Amesica and furthor
[6020]wesken \vashington’s airaacy strained re
[6021]vith the Latin American military, Despite th9 Cool.
[6023]ness of oficial US-Chitean relations, the United
[6025]wtas continuad to mainiain friendiy relations
[6027]“with tha Chilean military.
[6029]The Kremlin was very much aware of the weak:
[6030]ness of the Allende ragims, Mot eniy ws it a
[6031]minority government {in 1970, 23% ang, ia 4973,
[6032]43%4 cf the olectorata supported the Poaular
[6034]- Unity coalition) but the armed forces 2nd cower
[6036]ful notional potica were strongly an: i-Communist.
[6037]Since the “democratic forces’ faces full
[6038]petitical and economic power, Moscow favoured
[6039]a Gradual takeover by the Commencts. and |
[6040]ovation
[6041]zt all costs. Beth the ultra-jefr and citra-right
[6042]ecponents of Allenda were attacked reguiay in,
[6043]the Soviat prass, But the Movement of the Hevo-
[6044]futionary Left (MIR), an ultra-left group thet pur-
[6045]sued tha armed path and hosed to cetsat the
[6046]opposition forces in a violent cantrontat’an, was
[6047]singled out for particularly scathing criticism, te
[6048]was charged with “ravolutionary advenicrisa”
[6049]oniributing ta political instability ane harming
[6050]the prospects of survival of the Poaular Unity
[6051]government, 9
[6053]From mid-1972 onwards, Moscow realised
[6054]that the opposition to tna Aends governinent was
[6055]growing and widespread. It was only tne shrewd
[6056]-and dilatory personality of Allenda—czilied in
[6057]maintaining a balance between the cisruptive
[6058]forces within his own governmnent—that hzid to-
[6059]eather the cisihtegrating f2tric of sosiety, Thera
[6060]was Soviet criticism of the inratidasl economic
[6061]menzgament, declining agricul.ural aad industrial
[6062]Grodustion, accelerating inflation, and the
[6063]worsening balance of payments. .
[6065]Soviet obsarvers acvised a slower tane-over
[6066]of che economy, nationalising the large firms first
[6067]but leaving the smaller and mediuny-sized ‘firms
[6068]2isne far tha time Daing. In the fast morins befors
[6069]tha military coup they save tise haaderitig on tha
[6070]yall and urged a censohdation of tna cocosomic
[6071]S2ins already achieved, collaboration with tas
[6072]capesition political parties fespecisily the
[6073]Christian Oemoctrats), and avoicance of armed
[6075]confiict. 4
[6077]*Eredty (Santiago), 10-16 October 1973
[6078]sntesinas with tha Chilvan mulitary high ¢
[6080]14.90000
[6082]Collapse of Sociatist ‘Modal’
[6084]The Soviet pcticy vis-a-vis 9 empha:
[6085]Coors ation in political late, thea ford of
[6086]on antiUS trent with Crile, Pera and Co and
[6087]siaa Of trade and aid reliiions while ra.
[6088]vig fron palemics ang. ir fer in Chile's
[6089]internal affairs {mainty th
[6090]the Ciitean Communist Party}. Tho Chitean Com.
[6091]munists vere given moral and, Maternal support
[6092]for widening the besa of support of thy regina,
[6093]but it rade no difforenca to the final guteamng,
[6094]The weasness cf the Altende regime, its fateful
[6095]internal contraci tions, Oficial conalvenos in the
[6096]arming end violence uf tha ultra-le!t, the Yéeimar-
[6097]typs inflation and tood shortagss, the growing
[6098]politicsl polarisation and violence, and thy fate-
[6099]ful elienation et the armed forces were the do-
[6100]cisive conditions that triggsred the coup d'etat
[6101]that fed to Alience’s doventall and replacement by
[6102]O militery junta on 11 Septernber, 1973.
[6104]and
[6106]Moscow was deeply disturbed tut not especl:
[6107]ally surprised, TASS acmitted on 20 Ceptembar
[6108]1973 thet the “Chilean experiaricn vias bitter and
[6109]dramatic,” and Fidel Castro cactared that he was
[6110]“vory woset by events in Chily”’ (the new miiitary
[6111]junta hed immadiaiely broken off ralstions with
[6112]Havana}. Moscow -suverod diplomatic relations
[6113]with Sartiago aad whthdrow its amtascacer and
[6114]embassy siatt Secause of alleged persecution of
[6115]Soviet oMiciasis hy tha Junta, Aline less then a
[6117]begen to teal tha fult blast af Sovint Ainpleasura
[6118]and frustration, exprassed in a weil-orch=stratad
[6119]and sgusteined propaganda campaign ained at .
[6120]isotacing end discrcditing the regime,
[6122]Tre Soviet media accused the junta af “per
[6123]oocuiIN-y leit-wingers with unparalicled cruelty”
[6124](bloseaw Redio, 13 Sapinnber 1473). There
[6125]were resorts in Pravda on 26 Septemiber raat “the
[6126]streais of Suntiage were flowing with bice4s” and
[6127]tho 6a¢.9 socke ot “tens of thousands of Chilean
[6128]democr2:5” Killed. Salvador Allende was altern-
[6129]Slively rezarted to have been “murderea in cold
[6131]WASHILGTON POST
[6132]28 August 1974
[6134]Argentine
[6136]was “the Persnist workers’
[6137]answer lo the enemies of
[6138]our class.”
[6140]A two-month ziowdown at
[6141]the Renault pliant climaxed
[6143]blood” cr to have diced a hero's death, resisting -
[6144]the rebels to the very ead. Allen's residence
[6145]was a @ to have been “wined of the face af
[6146]the earth.” The junta was shooting ot women and
[6147]children in an attemst ta intimidaty tha feople.
[6148]Or. 29 Octover TASS indignantly blared the CIA,
[6149]Chilecn “reaction” ang “American monopolies”
[6150]fer organising the military coup. And according
[6151]to-a Mescew broadcast even Leanid Brezhnoy,
[6152]not known for his devotion to Western democ-
[6153]facy, expressed horror at the “monstreus, com. _
[6154]pletely caen vidiation of a country’s censtitutien,
[6155]the uncéremonious flouting of tha democratic |
[6156]taditvars of an entire nation,”
[6158]The overthrow of the Allende government waa
[6159]@ bitter but not entirely unexpected setback for
[6160]Moscow's uniied frent tactics in Lotin America,
[6161]tnd had adverse reparcussions fer Marxist
[6162]parties olsewhora in the Viast, Communists and
[6163]Soclalists in France and italy who had earlisr ’
[6164]pointed to Chita as a mods! of tha peacctil trans-
[6165]itlon to socialism moved to disengage themsalves
[6166]from tho Ailenda disus:e: Instead of leading to
[6167]socialism, united front tsctics in Chila ushored
[6169]“In a period of unparalteted political violence,
[6171]ancrmous sutfering for -Chile’s workers and
[6172]middie class, and the worst economic crisls in
[6173]its history, :
[6175]Soviot cosigns for Chile to serve as tho van:
[6176]guard of tha anti-US front in Latin Araertca ondad
[6178]in a completa fiasco and lef: a deep impressian
[6180]on the non-Corimunist political partlas and the
[6181]armed forces in the region. I: reminded thom of
[6182]the grave risks of entering into an alliance with
[6183]totalitarian parties. Dospite protestations ta the
[6184]contrary, Marxist governments ara driven in-
[6185]exoraly to violate plecges to uphold tha con-
[6186]stitution, to destroy the private sactor af the
[6187]economy, and ultimately to install a totalitarian
[6188]dictaiorship.
[6190]rar rn ne cee
[6192]Authoritative statements of tha Chilean Comrauntst
[6193]Party's position under the Allence tegime can bo found
[6194]in Labarea’s Conelan 27 e139 and tuis Corvalan's,
[6195]Camino ¢ Victor, {Santiaga. 1971).
[6197]NEW YORK TIMES
[6199]ho
[6201]re spa
[6202]Mé anager
[6203]Murdered
[6205]BUENOS = AIRES—Gun. ©
[6206]men kilied the Ihor rota.
[6207]tlons manazer of a French.
[6208]owned auto plant in Cor.
[6209]doba yesterday, and Pos
[6210]dent Mana Estéla Peron
[6211]Spoke out scainst the recent
[6212]“cowardly and mercenary
[6214]tina,
[6216]The extreme leftist Prros.
[6217]Ist Armed forces etvined
[6218]Tesponsitisite for the . ath
[6219]Of IK A Renault offiesi
[6220]¢arda Goya, 55, sayin:
[6222]Monday with ocser of left
[6223]{ist leaders of the auto un-
[6224]fon. Workers hailed police
[6225]last night on the streets of
[6226]Cordoba, * _ .
[6227]Mrs. Peran, In her first
[6228]speech [rom the patace bal-
[6229]cony that her late pusband,
[6230]Provident Juan D. Verun of-
[6231]ten used” as
[6233]“Many peonle tink thet
[6234]because I am a wocnan
[6235]cannot rule... but with this
[6237]frasile appearcnce | have
[6238]committed: myecli.” Her de:
[6239]r on of the oalitical
[6240]Kathe came ina sail ear.
[6242]lier sith, provincial -gaver-
[6243]nols,
[6245]a rostrum,
[6247]ro . 7 and ina . : '
[6248]SPARSE AUDIENCE isin 2's deeie
[6249]HEARS MRS, PEROW ane event wae marred hy the:
[6250]Only a Few Thoreand Atrand corbers'm "4 ie {30 antes
[6252]28. Auguse 1974 .
[6253]Arawn scares of thousands af!
[6254]Governmen's inouatieg, probe
[6255]northwest of whe camal,
[6257]Her First Public Ralty Earty thi
[6258]_ OS ified terre,
[6260]Ry JONATHAN KANDELL  jRene: Car Mianue
[6261]Sremial te Tne Nog Yew: facturer~ in Conioba, as hel
[6263]27—.drove fi the main plant that.
[6266]BUENOS AIRES,
[6267]Only a few
[6269]A un. has heen int
[6270]JOMsts gathered taday ta hear ter workers’ at
[6271]Prosdent dab Mirboes co The krilias ¢
[6272]Peren, in her nrst pubic eahiv execut re, Ri
[6273]Sinve she touk afi yeary old, fou
[6274]the Riders got beiwer
[6275]Where bet tite buspail Gon, werner and
[6278]14-00000
[6280]sed an enotmous personal’ were urging Mra. Tenia to hatg!.
[6282]oo mevectunaang before here death intial major pon: tol
[6284]rt Peron. . [strengthen ber in the
[6286]een Gow pow (hat many think face of & meg ctivity
[6287]’ cen ute Lama woman, | labor evonomic
[6289]ae over heim,
[6290]Mrs. Peron, still dressed:
[6291]one of the lengthy Diack tocay’s
[6292]sea gne has conned since nouncers rer
[6293]nesband’y cath, “But Uf crowds were Cmuiltudcnous.”
[6294]two arms. and jin one znd at leas: one commentator
[6295]I have Peron and-in the spoke of “hundress of tous:
[6296]$ ard remorse Eva Peron.” . janes” of feopie on hand, But
[6297]OPO pe vane, s her voice cracked’a walk throch the plara com
[6298]UNZTESSIEN and > miliary wana enotion asd she shook her finmed that oniv ite street in
[6299]t eb arma, recalling gess-front of the & Government!
[6300]ny of het ‘speeches are enterded arms, revalingHHif house was filed. The camerast
[6301]a heavily faced ‘ain fete: tures weed bv Bva Perdn, 7of the televisio: stations——!!
[6302]de and Siugans vic4 bv Gen There nave been rumors infwhin have recently Been |
[6303]Ure faust Cires weks that con- *.centiy: brouent under state |
[6304]se Peronist§ leaders cortrob—favuseat oon trede
[6305]—— unionists and avoided pho.o-”
[6307]slize the dielrigultes
[6308]of petrateum peoducie,
[6309]now, Shell. and Faw su
[6310]eries had shared the Int
[6311]of oi] produrts with the !
[6312]Petroleu:n Company,
[6314]Assertion of Lead:
[6318]from that of poor tummout, af
[6320]felevising an-)
[6323]into nun
[6324]and meacer
[6326]jactent,
[6327]a wetepudher
[6329]of her spsech to ¢e
[6330]claita to lesdership oF
[6331]fonist movement, »
[6332]been in srowing disarray
[6333]General Perin’s death on
[6335]“Do not Cudt for a
[6336]that Isabel Perdn, his weer,
[6337]and discipic, wil
[6339]the coup d’
[6341]BALTIMORE SUN
[6342]28 Auzust 1974
[6344][Forecast | is cloudy for
[6346]By GIO eek
[6348]Tain de Jancitn Bureau of Tae Sun
[6349]Rio de Saneiro—Oppesiien 18°
[6350]growing arainst the ¢
[6351]lion in office of President I
[6352]Bauer of Bolivia, But Ay
[6353]ided over whet
[6355]n Folance Gertinded i
[6358]"Gener Langer will ert bis 6 :
[6361]‘ved for neat year os r
[6364]president, Rene B
[6366]‘|tlons pros
[6368]transfering power in Ba
[6370]Last week, General ¥
[6371]celenratcd the t
[6372]fourth year in the pres
[6374]by dancing in the sire git. ;
[6375]© colcbr 2 out, “Were were reports of
[6377]the coup deat thal deprerd Cevension within the mili-
[6378]Gen. Juan Jose Torres Aage FY.
[6379]just 21. eit . Although Pre Bungee
[6380]| Even ps be was celebrating, feetived the per a
[6381]mi ing speeches part of Ine comunind.cs af th
[6382]durability of the Natics. ried services Seris: lass
[6383]'Pooulue’ Front--the ci 4's Kyte, it is evident to
[6384]‘military coatitien thre here. and from f ports
[6385]which he has fcoverred » they the andes
[6386]peworful  Eolisian | Siuners
[6387]Union ceclaied itself virts. ‘ pulicies.
[6389]at war with the resime. And: fy is beleved that the scung-
[6390]the Front appsreatly Was Gis ipe onicers are being alien
[6391]integrating. i ated increas! Pat
[6392]i This week one party he the gent. Speen
[6393]coalition, the Nutienshst Bohs. pis eetusal to pron
[6395]Y Gpp ure
[6397]THE WASHINGTON POST Weduesd’:
[6399]TENS
[6400]AH
[6404]Ry Sor
[6405]Byey bt Pe
[6406]ren bs a Cultuzat Revotuiien
[6408]sf ty Wall newsyaoers full
[6409]een CO or .
[6411]es
[6412]“3 eXccuted the unsuccess{ul coup
[6413]- agusst his government June 5.
[6415]nl, Bamadler |
[6416]the late’
[6418]iced Over the gresiaent,
[6420]iversily
[6422]Bolivie’s Banzer:
[6424]these officers whe plotted nd
[6426]A pemphlet was circulated
[6427]ry units ia
[6428]produced by
[6429]aificers who
[6430]iration from
[6433]* coup against the authori ari-
[6435]an’rezime there.
[6437]The piuinphict read. in part.
[6438]“Baarer’s repression against
[6439]his ova institution [the Aemy]
[6440]has persuaded those demo-
[6441]‘crane officers to fight beside
[6442]0% miners, workers
[6443]aed students,
[6445]Aner the unempted coup of
[6446]Jute 3. many ef the oGivers
[6447]were vilier jaied or
[6448]euile ty Paraguay
[6450]a. According 10
[6451]Nina, Nuany
[6452]se oilicers have been
[6453]ag to Bolivia clandes-'
[6455]+ mectings™ hang from tre
[6457]D. Peron, the A
[6458]pulist leader who
[6459]foe fenton Jul
[6464]Awar meant a
[6465]ward serial
[6467]Stawly.
[6468]af The sevetomne
[6469]See 1 .
[6471]the defens> of the rev.
[6472]o'ution or quee Gen. Juan
[6473]CNUNC po
[6476]eo walk past
[6477]rirns ty notice.
[6478]. behind the pos
[6479]people wt
[6481]_ One of the organizers of the
[6483]graphing the empty stretches '
[6484]i
[6485]yi was sues} |
[6487]Fally assemed U
[6488]cessful) consid that: only!
[6489]two unions=the light and pow:
[6490]ee union and the state petol-
[6492]to atlend. But he achnuwiedged>
[6493]that “Perdn woul never have
[6494]addressed sa snail a crow |
[6495]Tae chicf focus of political
[6496]finrese in the courtey has been
[6497]Cursona, the seond la Rest
[6498]city, Last Fe
[6499]wing palice coup, Spparently
[6501]backed by General Pern, re.
[6503]moved the elected left-wing!
[6504]Peranist goveraur tron power,
[6506]cated controt: of the local
[6507]Jaboe federation from lefusis.
[6509]Since then, Cérdoda has deen
[6510]the scene of repesiei incidents
[6511]of polithal vevlence. A fow
[6512]dass ago, the Labour? ty dade
[6513]vided to remove ideal rovers
[6514]tus four the feftssc-controtied
[6515]union af Ika-Renani—s con.
[6516]ceen with mined Argentine and
[6517]French capital — after labor -'
[6519]Pp r wages.
[6521]The clas es with the police
[6522]Jast night resuked when offi-
[6523]cere reeved ta disiadse hor
[6524]leaders from tne uniun head-
[6525]ters, .
[6527]on
[6529]university asiministration
[6531]ani student buds. Peronist
[6533]Nish ceilings to the Moors.
[6534]ers ard columns are = Frotessars say Presi-
[6535]ered with posters that dent Maria Extela Peron,
[6537]the tsader’s widew and sue
[6538]a line
[6539]To ease
[6541]. This
[6542]be S contro
[6543]of Ruenos
[6544]: Aires—whese eudent body
[6545]7 Of ahacs
[6546]be far the larsest ins the
[6547]countty-—irom the Peronist
[6548]Iettws
[6550]90.00 wakes it.
[6553]14.90000
[6555]. versi
[6557]and Ru
[6559]The university, ga urban
[6561]campus with olf =
[6563]ganized alone
[6564]lines. Lieven separ.
[6565]ties. ike separate ¢:
[6566]educate iawyers, doctors,
[6567]agronomists am! liberal pro-
[6568]fessionals
[6570]tina's military gov
[6571]ernment, many parts of the
[6572]Separate curricula. were
[6573]shaped to American. models.
[6575]When the Peronists re.
[6576]turned to power ist May,
[6577]young leftist leaders loyal to
[6578]Peron were given the unl-
[6579]versity as their share of the
[6580]hew government. It changed
[6581]almost overnight.
[6583]Entrance
[6584]were abolished aud all high
[6585]achool graduates were of.
[6586]fered adinission. One year
[6587]later, 85. Woo Rew students
[6588]had entered and the enroil-
[6589]ment had doubled.
[6591]“There are su many pco-
[6592]ple now, it scems that even
[6593]the’ rats from the basement
[6594]take exams,” said a fourth.
[6595]year philosophy student.
[6597]Professors with cunnec-
[6599]Gions to the military govern-:
[6601]meni-or fore tn compsnits
[6602]were ‘dismissed. Fourtcen
[6603]were fired from the faculty
[6604]of cconumics alone. The uni-
[6605]oe off assistance
[6606]am? exchanse agreements
[6608]ity of California
[6609]ic and opened
[6610]Tew programs with universi-
[6611]ties in Peru, Algcria and
[6613]the Unive
[6615]. Mexico. -
[6617]Courses of study were
[6618]changed. Traditional philos-
[6619]ophy courses were replaced,
[6620]In part, by studies of South
[6621]American politicians 2:11
[6622]Peron’s tiectrine. In an in-
[6623]troductory architecture
[6625]examinations .
[6627]‘with the Ford Foundation.”
[6631]ofthe e
[6632]and i fulluwed hy a discus
[6633]Sion of Ameriean imperial
[6634]ismiin Arcentina,
[6636]er we had Scomy.
[6637]a vear've had L
[6639]nEn's book Oi (An
[6643]by Paul amuclson, ie
[6644]troductor
[6645]in the United States and
[6647]Vhese graphs and
[6648]curves te prove that imperi
[6649]alism was neceszary. Oh, not
[6651]but subtly, you
[6654]dean of the economics tac.
[6656]ulty, said dusinz an inter.
[6657]view. H[e explained that
[6659]there is now no single text:
[6661]hook for the twovear intra
[6662]' ductory course. but rather a
[6663]with 2 majority
[6664]of Latin Amezican autiars.
[6665]well as John May.
[6666]s—shows up as
[6668]not as the fart word,
[6669]The shift from studies de-
[6671]Sigaed te
[6672]lives for giant compaies to
[6673]a more penulist and na
[6674]tional outlook, Sbarra Mitre
[6675]said. is better exemnliticd
[6676]the course ‘ealied
[6677]ory of the Union Move.
[6678]ment and Labor Relations,"
[6679]which replaced a courze on
[6680]Personnel management.
[6682]It was not educational pol.
[6684]iey, however, bul pure poli- .
[6686]lies that turned the univer.
[6687]Sily duto a left-wing reduubt
[6688]defying the Veronist govern.
[6690]Ment. A basic university
[6691]law, laying down the rules
[6693]to Econninies *
[6695]t widely used.
[6697]idjal theorist, but.
[6699]produce execu.’
[6701]for Rurnos Afres and the
[6702]ert Giese eampuses of the
[6703]wnational versity system,
[6705]with
[6706]sort from non-Peroin
[6707]The law embod.
[6708]be sic chanics that:
[6709]had begun at Buenos Aires.
[6710]Mevnwhile, a majority
[6711]faction in the | Peronist
[6712]yout inovement backed by
[6714]fought the military }
[6715]governwent under Peron’s
[6716]banner, had made the uni
[6717]versiiy here their power
[6718]base. Ihey. proclaimed” a
[6719]fuvers Program that
[6720]smac} sartlly of “Mary. !
[6721]nand, in effect, ,
[6722]‘challenzed Peron for leader-
[6723]ship of his movement.
[6727]“Lock, these people are .:-
[6728]anythin but Peronists,”
[6729]Gen. Verun said last Febru:
[6730]ary, when he first beyan try:
[6732]ing to separate bls move.
[6733]Ment’s youth wing from the’
[6734]leaders barn of the guerrilla
[6735]Movement who call then.
[6736]Selves Montoneros, .
[6737]“Before thinking about
[6738]setting organized. we've got
[6739]it can bo a true
[6740]Aand not a sack
[6741]full of cats who will srart
[6742]Showing their ‘claws pretty
[6743]soon." Seren totd leaders of
[6744]howins. He asked
[6745]them te reorganize them.
[6747]., Selves and expel the Mary. :
[6749]ists. “That's why this purifi-
[6750]cation is nscrsrary,” he said.
[6752]The purification Peron
[6753]-wanted has heen thwarted,
[6754]in parl-by vovernment relue-
[6755]tance to drive the whole
[6756]youth wing into open revolt
[6757]and in part by students
[6759]_ from the University of Bue-
[6761]nos Aires. Twice, since
[6762]April. they have marched
[6763]into the streets to protest
[6764]the aypyiniment of acw
[6765]deans and have furced the
[6766]government to-back down, :
[6768].
[6769]1
[6771]A week oro they took over
[6772]10 of the 11 faculties in a
[6773]Move te hold ontu the tem.
[6774]Pourars. - university rector,
[6776]taal Las 2, a professor
[6777]‘of pharmacy who is toval to
[6778]the Montoncros. And, inside
[6779]the facultios, it often seems
[6780]as if one is inside Peron’s
[6781]“sack of cats.”
[6783]At the medical faculty re-
[6784]cently, students who stil
[6786]“proclaim loyalty to Peron
[6788]started playing the Peronist
[6789]marching song on a loud-
[6790]speaker system. A faction
[6791]that stands further to the
[6793]left put on the Internatio.
[6795]nale, the Communist hymn,
[6796]and tuencd up the volume
[6797]on their own sound system.
[6798]“The Peronists turned up
[6799]‘their volume, and So it went;
[6800]to ear-shaticring levels.
[6802]“Itisn't bad once you zet
[6803]above the secund floor.” a
[6804]professor of -neurobiolosy
[6805]said.
[6807]Slowly the university eri-
[6808]sis scems (9 be heading for
[6809]sume kind of resolution. A
[6810]weck azo, President Maria
[6811]Estela Peron named a new
[6812]Minister of cducation. He is
[6813]expected to name a rew
[6814]rector, Student street demon.
[6815]Strations have been quickly
[6816]and sharply put down by po.
[6817]lice, The same ‘demonstra:
[6818]tons were toi
[6819]Jate husband.
[6821]There have been some
[6822]hints that the government
[6823]will try te defuse thé crisis
[6824]by unraveling Persnist poli.
[6825]tics and the quarrel with the
[6826]Mentoneros from university
[6828]“We're waiting to see who
[6829]the new rector will be.” said
[6830]a younz professor. “That
[6831]should clear up something.
[6832]Jn the meantiune, if you're
[6833]thinkin: of building a house
[6834]in Argentina. get an old ore
[6835]chitect.” .
[6837]Fated by ber_
[6841]14-00000
[6843], jj
[6844]; be
[6845]! Co
[6846]| ENCOWNTER, London : my
[6848]January 19Th ae
[6849]ea ; David Holden!
[6851]Mae © Allende’ ee
[6852]&t the Myth. Makers ms
[6854]oe me
[6856]: , AS IT MAY Si=M to say so when the
[6857]. | Jotoodshea of the Chilean coup dé:ot ip -
[6859]| still 0 keenly mmembered and the generals who
[6860], Made it are ming unplecsuntly high, the. fact
[6862]““haemains dat Sclrador Allende diet a lucky
[6864]* man In fe he wes a failure. Both his policies |
[6865]: and bis country were shattercd Jong before. ths
[6867]cod But in death he achieved success beyond his
[6868]dreams. InstanUy canonised as the Western
[6869]world’s ®newest left-wing martyr, he became
[6871]: overnight the most potent political cult-figure
[6873]since £1 old friead, Che Guevara,
[6874]To some extent, of course, the conrregation
[6876]bad already, been prepared fot this-posthumous
[6877]" elevation. In the three years of Allénile's admin _
[6878]stration’ the “Chilean experiment” and the .
[6880]_ “Chilean road to socialism” had become fave
[6882]ourite topics of discussion among icf:-wing
[6883]groups in Europe, where Chile's supposed
[6884]resembiance to Tta’y or France had encourared
[6886]the telief that Purope might, for once, foliow in ~
[6887]_Latia America’s footsteps instead of the ‘other
[6889]way about. Many espiring revolutionanes from
[6890]Europe and the United States had actually
[6891]joined their Latin American counterparts in
[6892]Chile in euch the same spirit as their. dropped-
[6893]out contemporaries had hitch-hiked to Nepal
[6895]. oping for a glimpse of Paradise in action. By
[6897]the time of the September coup the military junta
[6898]claimed there were as many as 15,000 foreigners
[6899]of all kinds in Chile, actively supportings—some-
[6900]times with violence—the “socialist revolution.”
[6902]Davo Hope has pravelled in Chile on several
[6903]receal assigronents as Chicf Foreign” Corres”
[6904]pondent for the “Sunday Times." Among his
[6906]feguly contributions to EXCOUNTER are "South
[6907]African Wotrhook™ (August 1970), “Day Trip
[6908]to Zanzfar™ (September 1972) and “Ethispia~
[6909]Forty Years Ou” (February 1973). .
[6911]These specially interested groups’ or” indivi.
[6913]dash obviously provided a ready ostwork for
[6914]international propiganda in the aftermath of
[6915]Alleode’s death. But the shocked and, at times,
[6916]almost bysterical reactioa to the coup went Yar
[6917]beyoad such committed parties to embrace
[6918]many of the West's ordinary liberals and social
[6919]democrats. For. them, as much as for the self-
[6920]styled revolutionaries, it seemed, a bright light
[6921]of world-wide bope bad been extinguished in
[6922]Santiago; and from Washingtoa to Rome, via
[6923]Paris, Boon and Loodon, anguished cries of
[6924]“Foul! rent the an.
[6926]4
[6928]‘Ter ourcRY mf BRITAIN was typkal—and
[6930]instantanarnme
[6932]> Political Realism oe Revolutionary Romance ‘ wn
[6936]Revolt 7 "Against the Ballot Box” tor which tho
[6938]Chilean armed forces could offer no cane
[6939](The Guardian, \2°9/73), as a “Disaster in
[6940]Chile” that would “set back the cause of sociale
[6941]iarn and democracy everwhere” (New States
[6942]ran, 14/9/73); and as “The Death of a Hope”
[6943]compasable, even, to the Russian invasion of
[6944]Cycchotlovakia that ended Alexander Dubeck's
[6945]régime in 1963 (The Observer, 16/9/73), ”
[6947]Within 24 hours of the first, bare news of the
[6948]coup the General-Secretary of the Rritish Labour
[6950]: Party, Mr Ron Hayward, was eriting officially
[6951]to one of Allende’s former colleagues to say that
[6953]it was dificult to express the sense of horror and
[6954]anger felt by the British Labour movement “as
[6956]the aspirations of the working people of Chile— *
[6958]shared by so many others around the world—
[6959]are destroyed at the hands of a few arrogant and
[6960]ignorant officers acting at the behest of those
[6962]who believe their right to mule is Unchaltenseable” -
[6964](The Times, 13/9/73). Me Leo Murray, Generale
[6965]Secretary of the Trades Union Council, expressed
[6966]his ‘shock and abhorrence with equal speed and
[6967]vigour, And Mrs Judith Hart, speaking as a
[6969].» Member of the Labour Party's National Execue
[6970]” tive, ualzashed 3 torrent of assertions so passionate
[6972]as to suggest that her mind had come close to
[6974]- being overthrown with Allende’s government,
[6975]~They ranged from the declaration that “the
[6977]democratic will of the people of Chile” had been
[6978]defeated by capitalist “collusion” (The Guardian,
[6979]17/9;73) to “for Socialists of this generation
[6980]Chile is our Spain” and “Thisis the most vicious
[6981]fascism we have seen in generations* (The
[6982]Guardian, 19/9/73).
[6984]| Whea the Labour Party Conference met at
[6985]Blackpaol three eveks later these instant re-
[6987]actions had hard=ned into established orthodoxy. .
[6988]The former Chilean Ambassador in Londoa was -
[6990]given 8 standing ovation when he became the
[6992]first noa-delegate to address a Party Conference . |
[6994]since two Spanish Republicans were allowed to
[6995]do so.in the 1930s. Resolutions were then carried
[6996]utterly condemnicg the military coup and the
[6997]precipitate action of the British Government in
[6998]recognising the mijitary juota;, demanding the
[6999]recall of the British Ambassador from Santiago
[7000]‘aad the withholding from the military régime of
[7001]af aid, loans, and codices: and calling on the
[7002]Labour Movement to campsign for the restores
[7003]tion of demextacy in Chik and to offer financial
[7004]end other assistance to the Popular Unity
[7005](Afiende’s) movemecat (The Times, 5/10/73). My
[7006]habeas, -
[7008]‘ oe
[7010]2 AM ILLUSTAATION of tha he’
[7013]14-00000
[7015]_ ttody, Probably thicy inciuded a happy oh
[7017]’ Fumiliar double standards were certinly ie:
[7018]* volved. Nobody at th: Labour Party Coaference,
[7020]the reawns for this furce reaction wouNS repay
[7021]oe of
[7022]2 matters
[7024]tining. Several of the suest fashions
[7026]of We-tero political protest had passat inw |
[7028]history or been shadowed by disiilus:
[7029]the year or two before Allends’s do "
[7030]Viet Nam and Greeee to Biack: Power ead tho
[7031]Student Movement. Allende's diarntic ens
[7032]supplied a new cause just whea it was wanted,
[7034]for examp!s, thought it nocesary to ask why
[7035]such a royal welcome should be ofcred to the
[7037]representative of a yovernment which had ine,
[7039]cluded one of the very few Commucist parties
[7040]outside Eastern Europe to approve tue Ruviaa
[7041]invasion of Crechoilovakia, A Paviovian ree
[7042]ponse to the very dca of “revolution” was. also
[7044]* early In evidenco—and made all the more eager,
[7046]ft seeored, by the fact that this particular revotue
[7048]* tion had been taking place at such a safe distance -
[7050]fa such sublimely forcign parts. Too waa
[7051]pethaps, a characteristic love of WorMily failure,
[7052]too—for it was difflautt to read some af the more
[7053]extravagant expressions of grief at Alfnde’a
[7055]death without sensing 8 touch of gratification at ©
[7057]the ktca that Good had once more succun:bed to
[7058]Evil and+ so“delivered another martyr unto
[7059]Heavea before he could bd corrupied” by the
[7060]practical damnands of iife on Earth. But most of
[7062].all, perhaps, the response secmed to siem from.
[7064]Ignorance and wishful thinking—always the two
[7065]most powersul sources-of political romanticisa—
[7067]which left the facts of life in Allende’s Chilo .
[7069]either unknown or ignored and the feld wide
[7071]_ open, therefore, to the creation of instant myth
[7073]‘Heoce the composite picture, now acxpted
[7075]throughout a wide spectrum of Western lderal
[7076]and Jeft-wing opinion, of Allende os a yenuine
[7077]social democrat of impeccable consttatiunal
[7078]propriety who met his end at the hands of a
[7079]fascist conspiracy on behalf of a minority “ruling
[7080]cass” aided and abetted by the Unitnd States
[7081]of Amecricz.
[7083]To replace this romantic vision n with something
[7084]approaching reality may already be impossible,
[7085]for myths undoubtedly possess a life of air ova
[7087]* immune to rational challenge. To attempt to do
[7089]so also may entail sume risk of abuse, for it
[7091]‘geams to be a common assumption nowadays
[7093]that anyone who secks a rational caplanation of
[7094]a militry coup d'état (unless it happens to
[7095]represeat 8 Jeft-wing interest) is nevessanly a
[7096]fascist beast,
[7097]I sHouLD MAE¢rr PLA, therefore, that I am
[7098]concerned here with Aliende’s Chile and not with
[7099]what has taken its place. I hold no brief for
[7100]military juntas, nor for the siimmary executions,
[7101]mass iruprisonments, censorship or whatever that
[7102]the Chilean junta may have inspired or tolerated
[7104]during its early months of power. Indsed, because |
[7106]T happen to know and like Chile as a covatry and
[7107]count a number of Chileans among my friends I
[7109]feel some personal sadness at the cocaty’s .
[7110]present plight. But I feel no surprise nor, tan.
[7112]afraid, much more] shock. Military men will be
[7113]military men, the world over; and in aay case
[7114]Calle was Ieft in such a mess by Allends that
[7115]some vindictiveness, alas, was only to be expected
[7116]when bo fell.
[7118]Nor am I concerned with Chilean might-bave-
[7119]beens, I accept that the country predad ground
[7120]social refarm and J believe thatit, oo hs ond
[7122]23
[7124]+ own Politics, His certainly “so accident” that,
[7126]. party which has permitted its self-avowed
[7128]“have been achieved without violence ty a}
[7129]democratic goverment that was ready to work | a.
[7131]prapmatically within the con«tituues and with a ,
[7133]prOper respect for what the econosus and ;
[7134]political fabric of Chile would stand. i
[7135]But thatis not the point any more. What lam
[7137]conzerned about is how the country came to its.
[7138]present pass. And without wichins to speak il of i
[7139]the dead, it acems to me neces tary to aay outright :
[7140]for the sike of the living that the Chilean coup :
[7141]was largely Alicnde’s own fautt and that the myths {
[7142]1
[7144]’ with which it has been surrour.ced on the Left are
[7146]not mercly o falsification of Chicas Listory but .
[7147]@ potential danger to the future of Lberal and.
[7148]social democratic politics In the Western world |
[7149]as well, Indeed, what is most disturbing to me
[7150]about the fashionable Western reactions to events
[7152]ia Chile is their revelation of the decree to which |”
[7154]revolutionary romanticism has combined with ;
[7155]left-wing cynicism in recent years to corrupt our :
[7157]for example, the British Labour Panty which to
[7158]uncritically adopts Allende’s cause is also the
[7160]Marxists and utopian socialists to gain factional
[7161]positions of unprecedented power.
[7163]1 will leave others to pussue that theme, :
[7164]however, All I want to do is Lo try to sel some of .
[7165]the Chilean record straight—or at any rate,
[7167]_ straighter—by looking in some detail at Uree of. :
[7169]the main myths that now surround the ead of ~
[7171]Alleode and his famous experiment, . . :
[7172]i}
[7174]-- 1. The American
[7176]. Intervention Myth
[7178]HIS FOUND its most. virulent expression ia
[7180]the equation of Allende’s downlad with that
[7181]of Dubcek. Yet in the absence of zeny American
[7182]armed assault to compare with the Soviet invasion
[7183]of Cyeckoslovakia--let olore the fact that
[7184]whereas Dubcek’s Parliament supported him |
[7185]against the Russians, a majority of Allende’s
[7187]” Congress invited him to resign—theve were oaly :
[7189]_ Blereotype suppositions to sustain it
[7191]Io general, the American intervention myth
[7192]seemed to derive from that. characteristic Latin
[7193]_ American and left-wing scapesozt comp'ex which
[7194]insists that We Yunguis are resporsible for every-
[7195]thing (except, of course, anything good). Gar-
[7196]nished with historical fact (Guatemala, the Bay of °
[7198]” Pigs, etc.) this is frequenuy transmuted in Latin
[7200]American affairs into a plausible anti-American -
[7201]smear; and the state of Washington politics ia
[7202]1973 was, of course, guaranteed to give such &
[7203](smear extra credence this time. The Mew Stater
[7204]man offered a fine example. “The likelihood is
[7205]that the trail will lead back to the Peztagon”, it -
[7207]" assured its readers, “if a proper investigation can
[7209]ever be mounted, Bat in default of this it does
[7210]seem possibie to say that Nixonisn ard its allics
[7211]were alseady too heavily, _implcated in the
[7213]2 Addicts of the ITT conspiracy theory eight Lhe i
[7214]to work oul, inadsmtaly, way ‘Ti ia Che was never |
[7215]then over by Alience, eved aller Lee potorious.
[7216]memezandum became publ propety. Was it,
[7217]pehans. because is operations ibere sere musily
[7219]jouing mency and Abecde Gd ot wast fo hare its
[7220]financial embarrassmcats? OF was it Wat ie krew the
[7221]com pany had peco ben as eZoctuive poutical suck to
[7222]bea his opponents wid acd be cid cot want toibrow |
[7223]& away by kicaing the comtany out? Escher way,
[7224]TIT's eppareat imc trom reprisal G5 Boe
[7225]_ suggest Wat be took as Chaccage vary acriously, ‘
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[7416].
[7418]14-0000
[7420]“uut‘even if he had, H might ‘not have worked.
[7422]To support Casto'e Cuba is Wierd to have
[7423]“cost Moscow the equivalent of rbout $1 inidion
[7424]n day for many yous To support a similar régune
[7426]1
[7428]In Chile would probably have cost even mvic, -
[7430]There was never tho slightest sign that Mr
[7431]“Yserhoev, or anyone cise ja Use Kremlin, was
[7432]ready to accept such a burden. :
[7433]To cum ug, then, it seems to me that tbe Idea
[7435]of an American conspiracy to overthrow Allende
[7436]Js both unproven and unnevessuy to eaplain his
[7437]downfall 1 am not saying, of cour, that
[7438]Washington was not rilieved to see hia £95
[7439]although I think some, American officials would
[7440]lave prefericd tosce him stumbizoaforsometims
[7442]Jonger in the hopo-that: growing disillusionm=nt
[7444]. would infect even bis stoutcst supporters and
[7445]accordingly diminish , the chances of his being
[7446]mado a martyr whea neniesis finally overzook
[7448]him. But io gencral the American attitude sccms.
[7450]to have boca o predictably cautious ope:
[7452]Thou sholt not Mill, but nentat rot sitive >
[7453]Offictously to Resp alivé.ace
[7455]A realistic Chilean government embarked oa tw
[7457]*s0ad to ccialisin” would surely have bargained
[7459]for that much, and (on a truly Marxist analy»is *
[7460]such as Altuve professed) itshould have expected -
[7462]much more—that America would moye:iafor the
[7463]KiU as soon as possible. Yet while adopting a
[7465]‘deliberately provocative stance, Allence took no |
[7467]steps to protect himself against possible American
[7468]seprisals, declined to compromiso for the 2ako
[7469]of other Westera help, and failed to provide
[7470]grounds even for his supposed Marxist fsicnds
[7471]to belp him.
[7473]It was magnificent, perhaps, Dut it was not
[7474]politics, At tho very least, Allende aust be
[7475]convicted here of a tack of realism that would
[7476]probably bave been fatal to any sijtesman opy-
[7478]where,
[7480]a . 2. The Ruling Class
[7481]. - Conspiracy Myth
[7483]pe Ficture of Allence being overthrown
[7485]by what has beco variously described as a
[7486]“revolt of the privileged,” a series of “bosses*
[7487]strikes” or o “coaspiracy o¢ tie taditional ruling
[7488]class” contains to many misconceptions that it is
[7489]bard to know where to begin to sort them out
[7490]One idea, however, secics basic to them all;
[7491]that Allende and his Popular Unity coslition
[7492]wére somchow the uniquely lesitimate repro-
[7493]sentatives pf “the People’s WiLL" That such ao
[7494]odd belief should have gained any curreccy
[7495]whatever outside purely propagancist circtes isa
[7496]( the confusion that surrounds the
[7498]mark 0!
[7499]. Chilean experience in the minds of many o0n-
[7501]* Chileans. To judge from published commeny,
[7503]such as those referring to the “defeat of ths
[7504]democratic will", some of Allende's sympathisers
[7505]abroad seem even to believe that he not merely
[7506]enjoyed a massive popular majority of te vote
[7507]but was also the first Presitcat of bis country to
[7508]do 60. .
[7510]- Yee the facts ave beyond dispute. Chile was
[7511]and had beea for mony years a functiosing
[7512]democracy with a constitution which vested
[7513]executive power in the President and legislative
[7514]power in Congress. Both is theory and ia practice,
[7515]po doubt, there were senous weaknesses —OS
[7517]revea’:d, for instance, in the inability of previous |
[7520]pani lo pres Uwough docial reforms ea +
[7521]so wauld have wished.
[7522]systems wos the Best |
[7525]ally
[7526]But Ly oe.
[7527]and gut
[7528]aenabied /,
[7531]it at bis Srosst mp in 1970. There was no |
[7533]doubt of 4 y of that victory. Hut, |
[7534]unfortunately for those who saw It as a URIQUG ;
[7535]ado of “the peoy
[7536]only Suc a nasroy plurelity in which Altends !
[7537]st over 364, .0f the poll. His nearest |
[7538]ty a couple of percentaze points tvhind, :
[7539]was the cacaidate of tie conservative National -
[7540]Pasty, abe members in Congress opposed ,
[7541]Allende from the start, Another 23% weat to the ,
[7542]third candidate, @ radical reformist from tho
[7543]Christian Pemocrat party, many: of whose ,
[7544]members In Congess at first gave Allenda the
[7545]benefit of the Coudt, oping he sould modify
[7546]hit avoved Marxisa in practice to a kind of
[7547]reformisin eompatitle ‘with theie own ideas and:
[7548]the existing constitution, tty .
[7549]In the mid-term Congressional elections of
[7550]Merch 1973, the Fopuiar Unity coshinoa raised
[7551]¢ of the wore 10 44% (althoush this ima :
[7552]ecitimacy” was suspect owing.to opposition ©
[7553]allezations of subsiautizs! electoral fraud). But ‘
[7554]the appocition panies rctained a large majority :
[7555]Io Congress ‘where, by Ut time, most of the
[7556]Qristian Demoornts had joined the Nationalists -
[7557]in outright anta2zonim te the President, On these
[7558]acts it eure plain thet, so far froin representing
[7559]“vie Teoole’s Wil", Aliende never, actually ro*
[7560]preanid mote than a substantial minority
[7561]Interest, Only if “the People” ae identified as
[7562]being tho, who vorrd for Altende, while the rest
[7563]—the majoray-are selesated to the status of
[7565]himself 19 coatest the Presidcacy |
[7567]_ “non-peopie™ cid any other interpretation be
[7569]wuitainevl Rut thzt, of course, is just what
[7570]Is implied by the myth of the “ruling class
[7573]Jp niree was a “ruling class” in Chile ht was thas
[7574]of the politicians and the surrounding establish: -
[7575]meot drawn roo.uy from the narrow upper end of
[7576]Chiie’s prossarous middie class. Allende himself
[7577]and many of his tinisters and leading supporters |
[7578]were as much part of that proup as, were their
[7579]politics! opponents. Hut, ironically, ilwas a group
[7580]that often suTered Jes than others fram Allence’s
[7582]. pocialism because its manbers on both sides,
[7584]Ecberally posesced enuugh cash or property to
[7585]ceoxploit the black mmcrket at home or slip into
[7586]prrecable exile if things got too rouch—in any
[7587]case, to.survive (lize Allende himself until his
[7588]death) in very reavonable comfort, Rut the people
[7590]* who did most to overtbrow Allende were rarely
[7592]of this group at afl. With the possible exception
[7593]of some naval officers, the armed forces were
[7594]very much apart from the establislunent of any
[7595]political colour; and even after Allende brought
[7596]the service commanders into his government they
[7597]yemained eloof from, aod remarkably litte
[7598]koown by, thove relztively smal] cided ia Santiago
[7599]which were eccustomed to set: the country’s.
[7600]political tone, woes :
[7601]Indeed, 23 events since the coup état have
[7602]shown, Chie’s miliary men—tike their counters :
[7603]parts elsewhere —were probably as conie:rptuous -
[7604]of the politiciace (acd as igncrent of poulcs) as 8
[7605]the politicians were of them. They had stayed
[7606]outside politics for nearly 40 years, and if ADends
[7610]oa tefore be Enaily wool:
[7612]will", it was pained [. .
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[7822]1» POs ay our wg possesy you pry JPuNny
[7827]14-00000
[7829]“keepers, ord virtually oli of Chile's ¢
[7831]. potators, ry lew chickens, ‘or even a side of tecf,
[7832]“et:
[7834]could make a good Living on the black t
[7835]even if hit ab wares remained sto
[7836]white inflation roared plead, The factory worker
[7837]who was cntitied to Muy a proportion of his
[7838]factory's output at officis al fixed, prices cauta
[7840](and dig) geil that at sis or ten times whet Le hod .
[7842]paid as noon av ho bit the factory gic.
[7843]miners coud hardly find ready buyers fora -tolza
[7846]Thus tho copper-miners were Uirust, in ef
[7847]into the suine position as the lorry-men, the >
[7851]professional men and women: they were left .
[7853]* more of lew defenceless against the most vicious
[7855]inflation tho country had ever experienced.
[7857]~ . q ,
[7858]Some aroLocits for Allende have maintaised
[7859]that the degree of inflation was exage of,
[7861]at any rate, little worse (han was'cus!
[7862]Ghile and eleewhere in Latin Amcrica. Tuc truth
[7864]is ‘that it was far beyond anything nocinalty ~
[7866]endured In that continent, As fittle a3 nine
[7867]months after Allende came to power, when ft
[7868]Lrst visited Chile, the exciudo had already falten
[7870]ary in.
[7872]from 20 to 40 spainst the U.S. dollar on the free,
[7874]of black, market. Eichicen months later, on my
[7875]eecond vi-it, the Govermnent’s own figuics put
[7876]the rate of inflation at 130% in a year, the noncy
[7878]fesue was going up by 10% a month and the.
[7880]escudo had fallen to about 350 to the black US,
[7881]dollar. By August 1973, the ofiicial inflation rate
[7882]was 323% and rising fast, and the ecudo was
[7883]worth only 2,000 to the dollar—an effective
[7884]devaluation in Jess than three years of 10, GOK!
[7886]“Nor is it cuough to attribute these catasrephic
[7887]yates to such adventitious er inalicious factors
[7888]es—and egsin J refer to published argumenia
[7889]falling world copper prices, the normal dif.culties
[7890]of maintaining industrial and farm outpet in a
[7891]tine of radical political change, of deliberate
[7892]American intervention...
[7894]On the last of thee three I have alrecidy said
[7895]enough, J hope, to shuw that it was (at from
[7896]decisive and that it ws,,anyway, largely self
[7897]fnvited. Aa to falling copper prices, the fact is
[7898]that after a fall im the first year of Allende’s
[7899]Government, prices recovered until by the time
[7901]- of bis overthrow they were 60% above the Ievel
[7903]at the time of his election. Had they not risea
[7904]20 steeply he would ulmost certainly have. fallea
[7905]sooncr aud probably would not have scoured his
[7907]aelative, short-lived success in the mid-term
[7909]elections of March 1973. The difficulties of main-
[7910]taining output jn a time of change, however, were
[7911]real—unfortunately, far more so than Allende
[7912]ever scenied to realise,
[7914]To take just two examples: copper and milk
[7915]Expropriation of the copper mines from their
[7917]American owners would, no doubt, have led in -
[7919]" Yself to the withdrawal of American technicians
[7921]as well as of American management with some
[7922]consequent risk of Josing production temporarily,
[7923]at Jeast. But this might have been overcome by
[7924]the promotion of trained Chilean managers and
[7925]technicians, of whom tcre was no shortage.
[7926]Alas, for Chile's national income, Allende not
[7928]merely nationalised but deliberately politiciged ,
[7930]” the mines as well. Jobs for the party boys were
[7931]handed out in thousands while trained Chileans
[7932]emigrated so that, after three years of Popular
[7933]Unity Government, mining manpower end costs
[7934]had risen by more than a third while ming
[7936]32
[7938]} Gr¢rative of
[7941] parmlud a hote ja
[7942]> fiz fan Ati
[7946]_ base.”
[7948]7a the wand erain it tesa it
[7950]we ia Pogue Unity |
[7951]aries “very
[7953]ak Cay.” Vero
[7955]a AM leswd
[7956]ak the F ret of Clie's
[7957]as4 orca way ty CO
[7959]Gaming, micht hace been
[7960]ware thorifall in Casry pros
[7961]of of two while te teething
[7962]ius erst. In fect, howrerer, milk
[7963]Ata Wo wneons bad exnpiy
[7964]ss bettonn of every cium in
[7965]Sarge Courerative Casy ia |
[7966]sain olk-prosucisy areas of ;
[7968]Teinsco, me oft
[7970]| Chite, the average daily winter iataze cf milk -
[7971]“wee shoul 9 US gallons in 1979. By 1973 it
[7973]was downto 7A, Pigs was this surprising.
[7974]Anazl from Ov fact thet legal Jand reform had
[7976]Lom seeompaniel Ly widespread at$ an.
[7978]clerked iMezal Jand teizures to thal ts many
[7979]farms were in the bands of people utterly without.
[7981]ergeriens, the priv etatlinhed for roulk—es :
[7983]for mot other farm products—were -simply
[7984]‘ecnpomie nenicir. Prevunably in the huge of
[7986]ooiting ball-a-quart cf ie for every chi14 on the;
[7988]» cheap, the government darocA that a gallon of |.
[7989]milk would fetch Iexs than half the price of one °°
[7991]7a. Inevitably, rotedy was interested ia pro-
[7992]were slaughtered whealezale
[7993]for ted evatly or emy—or driven ert Os
[7994]mountains to Arzertina while Alene was |
[7996]’ foseed to ecour the werid fur dried milk waports
[7997]test, thanks to his p2licy in the eapper mines,
[7998]2 no longer had flociga currency.to pay for, |
[8000]"Suc pouws were repeated everyshere as the
[8002]senaantic pestures of ecifatyled sevolatia were
[8003]presesred to facing tie fects of Uife, While overall
[8005]_ prediction in both azriculture and industry fell
[8007]Crestroutly, Allende cisuitancourly atte to
[8008]redistribute the natinnal wealth by givirg Cuile’s |
[8009]pooter dussen more money to epend, They were
[8010]bis consutuency and they were properly grateful, ‘
[8011]fur mzoy of then certzialy had never bed seuch
[8012]before. But you can't redistribute what yoo bave
[8013]albeady thrcan away; and as output vaniched, |
[8014]% Comestic queves aew Joncer, forsign Lebts
[8015]piled up, and the budzet deficit exparced Ike a
[8016]hydrozen balloon. A yees before the final ewiapse
[8017]J asked one of Alience’s chief economic adviners -
[8018]what they were going to do to control a sit-ation :
[8019]that was already locking critical. He replied, -
[8020]sith commendable canZour, that he realy cico’e *
[8021]koow, “I know,” he said, “what we ought ta Co—
[8022]we should impoce an austerity rézime tnrenrow,
[8024]" frecze wares, and ration essential supple. But
[8026]bow can we? We would destroy our own poltical -
[8028]Precissly. “In the end, rather than do thas they bo
[8029]pluozed on down the primrose path of promises j
[8030]aod iusions and practicDy destroyed the {|
[8031]country. The “ruling class conspiracy” was
[8032]the gloss that they acd their supporters pst upon |
[8033](be sezlity of their own miscalculations, '
[8035]- i
[8036]4
[8037]4
[8039]3. The My th of the
[8040]Constitutional Revolutionary
[8042]ERE WE COME to the crut of Aflexte’s
[8043]policies and character about which, finally,
[8045]14.90000
[8047]“at tho other arguments revolve, Was he 6
[8048]genuine comtitutionalse? Was he a trust revolu-
[8049]tionary? Was he-—could he ever have been-—borh?
[8051]Allende hinne, ef coune, adinitted no
[8052]doubts. Repeatedly, he insisted that he was o
[8054]j Fevolutionary and a Marxist, and (hat he intended
[8056]to establish at Teast the precundinens for what
[8057]V he told Régiv Debray veut be “total, sclentific
[8058]Marust socialism.” Equally repeatedly, he pro-
[8059]lalmed his faith that he could achieve this end
[8060]by constitutional nicans, throuch the tallot box
[8062]J and all it implied. Taat was, after all, to be the
[8064]* Aistinctive.“Chilean road to wialign” of which.
[8066]‘so many people outside Chile cherished such
[8068]high hopes.
[8070]But no hindsiyht is required to ace thet ‘boi ” ‘
[8072]_theary and practice were riddcd with contra-
[8074]' Gictions, Revolutions are born of, or generate,
[8075]sectional conflict—a fact of polisic:id life that
[8076]Allende acknowledsed every tung he spoke of
[8077]“overthrowing what be ca 42 “bourgeois”
[8078]state, But a Comnmntic constiiuliun rests upon
[8080]- consensuy—a@ basic acopauce of the fact that
[8081]the State represents mare Maa ¢ mately sectional
[8082]Interest The second permins noun, but the fst
[8083]denies it; and there is no way of revonciling the
[8084]two.
[8086]All Alleade’s practical dificnltics follow sd
[8087]from this simple distinction. Taken seviqusly, his
[8088]constitutionsism =mrant. that his pregramune
[8090]_ could only succecd if a majority would actully
[8092]«vote for it Rut, elected as he was with oaly just
[8093]over a third of the pppular vote and with o large
[8094]majarlty of Congress arainst hin, Aliende had
[8095]neither o democratic nur an administratively
[8097]+ effective mandate for hic revolution. Indeed, in 8
[8099]' parligmentary rether than presidential demo-
[8100]cracy, he would probably never have been able to
[8101]begin. ‘ :
[8103]| Whe was to succeed within his sit-year term of -
[8105]office even in opening the door to revolution, let
[8106]_ alone establishing it as accomplished fact, he
[8107]had to transform his ininority into a majority.
[8108]But haw to do it? For, if words nent anything,
[8109]Allende's had to mean that he intended to replace
[8110]the existing, reformable constitution of Chile
[8111]with another that would be, of its Marxist
[8112]nature, irreversible. In other words, a system that
[8113]was admittedly democratic was to be used: to
[8114]build another that would be effectively dictatorial,
[8115]This was asking the majority to hang itself from
[8116]its own gallows; and, net surprisingly, it declined,
[8118]ALLENDe’S ATTEMPTS to overcome this basic
[8120]Wogicality in his position were precisely what”
[8122]ensured his ultimate downfall. Refusing to
[8123]abandon cither his revolutionary rhetonc or his
[8124]professed constitutionalism he was forced to rely
[8126]sleight-of-hand was often temarkable, as he
[8127]sought to outwit the opposition majonty in.
[8128]Coogress by exploiting the leuer of the constitue
[8129]tion, using every legal loophole to force upon them
[8130]: geasures they did not want But in the proves,
[8131]inevitably, he destroyed the constitution’s spirit,
[8132]so that his opponents became as ruihiess as he
[8134]CIndeed, as I discovered foe myself on a visit to
[8135]eouthern Chile nine moo:hs ater Au Jo's cchons,
[8136]loca} pabve forces there were under speuic instn
[8137]Bons not to attempt to mmtore he forms te thea legal
[8138]owners. Sor-aiso Kobert Moss's reportin Exquuntra,
[8139]Atiende's Crile”, Ausett 397), and Alntalr Horne’s
[8141]“Commandant Pepe”, duly 197%.
[8143]more and more upon political Masionism. His ‘
[8145]_- fenatding the nile of law. He had cut away the
[8147]was, At the start he won considerable opposition
[8149]support in Congress for needed ghanea The dhe
[8151]nalionzination ef the copper mines, land reform, ;
[8152]and (he state's takoowr of barca ant major i
[8153]Induttrie.—evidence Ut the democuatiz coos |
[8154]genus could and woul! work within the existing H
[8155]constitution, Bat, at the ead, not a single member -
[8156]of the opposition majority would cast a vole ia:
[8157]his support, They voted unarimously to conéemn. *
[8158]hig “habitual illegalities* and ware even joined
[8160]by the Suprene Court in accusing him of dis- :
[8162]middle ground of Chitean politics, arecked the
[8163]damovrate conensus, ond berotien the reality
[8164]of counter-revolution through his own addictios
[8165]to revolutionary Mogans. Lom
[8166]Equally inevitable was the ecooumic breaks.
[8167]down, which came from Allende’s attempts to ~
[8168]enlarge -hus popular baso outside the political
[8169]institutions. Here his pian was two-fold: to. buy
[8170]political support among “ine People” through
[8171]mastive Wore increases vad otber ber. dts and at:
[8172]Uae game tine to squecie the taidile class into. *
[8174]submission, of even Might from te country, :. - aa
[8176]throuph wholesale natienalisation of their Inter= *
[8177]esta ond the appoinunent of his own men to all.
[8178]signiticant civibservive jobs. The to sunply |
[8180]~ cancelled exch other out; for while the first part
[8182]+ of the plan raiscd vast new expoclstions and i
[8184]_ demands, the socoud diminished the counuy’s | .
[8185]capacity to meet them, The whusling tpiral of
[8187]inflaton foJowed os A necessary result of
[8188]Allende's political confusions. :
[8190]Tiere BASIC CONTRADICNONS Were compounded |
[8192]by the frecmented nature of Allende’s support. |
[8193]His Popular Unity coalition was fas fom united,
[8194]Iu majority element was Allcode’s own Socialist
[8195]Party—a body that bore litte seserndlance |
[8197]- beyond its name to most of the democratic
[8199]socialist parti¢s of Europe which 0 enthusias
[8200]tically e:poused its cause, It was, in fact, a |
[8201]revolutionary Marxist party that begaa as & 7
[8202]splinter of the more bureaucratic and Stalinist
[8203]Chilean Communist perty in the 19303, ond in
[8204]recent years had acquired 8 frery “New Lefv'?
[8205]wing 2s weil. Several of its leaders, like Senator
[8206]Altamirany, and many of its rank and file, cone
[8207]stantly uryed Allende to “speed up the revolution” '
[8208]without much regard for cansututional niceties,
[8209]The smallest clement of the coalition was the °
[8210]Christian radicals of various Pertuasions, some —
[8211]of whom hoped to offer a bridge to ie centre ©
[8212]of Chilean politics by cooperating with the Ic ,
[8213]wing of the Christian Democr.ts, but none of |
[8214]whan: ever attained positions of real influence, ©
[8215]The coalition’s sheet anchor was the Communist
[8216]Party which, as business and administration ,
[8217]slipped into chaoiw became increasingly im
[8218]ponant as a source of discipline aod strategic .
[8220]thinking. . . :
[8222]T WOULD Have BEN hard enough to drive
[8223]J this sroike anyway without either overstepping
[8224]the constitutional limits of government or ante
[8225]gonising one or other of its elements and thereby
[8226]jeopardising the only “democratic” base the
[8227]fevolution had. But Allende had also ta contend
[8228]with the atl more militant left outside the coalie
[8229]tion, lod by the Movement of the Revolutionary
[8230]Left (MIR), which insisted on revolution a0w,
[8231]and by vioience if nocessary—as, ip MIR's view,
[8232]it wos.
[8234]Hlese Allende’s professed constitutioaslism was
[8237]14-00000
[8239]me eee ete ne ome
[8241]r
[8245]tovealed nt,
[8247]the Arury to root oul eis para-military groups,
[8248]Whea thcy stignatied his Jand-reform pro.
[8249]gramme aos “inadequate” and eciced hundreds of
[8250]farens at pun-point he rebuked thom in occasional
[8251]_bpesches bul did nothing to reverse their actions.®
[8253]“When Ucy hijacked lorry-loads of valuable
[8255]crime. Whe Left-said this was because the MIR
[8257]< Allende dared not act. But the truth, T fear, was
[8259]“gnaipufactuscs, to raise funds by selling them: oo |
[8260]the black marcet, he rarély tricd to redress tho
[8262]- pt} teuly reprecnicd “the People” against whom |
[8264]; rt best cquinwonL Ile officially.
[8265]sepcted Misit'e violence, yet he nove permiited
[8267]° more squalid. For: one thing, the MIR bad close
[8269]“friends in the Sodialist Party and in Alende’s
[8271]own entourage hom the President did not want
[8272]“to offend. For another, as long as their activities
[8273]did oot actually split the Popular. Unity coalition,
[8275]‘ ft-was oftea convenient to sce them pushing slong
[8277]the revolution by unconstitutional means while
[8278]Allende denounced them in” his role es a
[8279]constitutionalist.
[8281]It was not as if Alicnde was unable to deal -
[8283]‘with. the MIR when he had to. For example,
[8285]whea a Miruia force blockaded the Philips
[8287]; television factory In ‘Santiago lin 1973 afier an
[8289]unsucces‘ful attempt to hi-jac’ ck a lorry-load ‘of.
[8291], TY ets, they were allowed by the Goverament
[8293]to remain usmolested for ten days, although a
[8294]police post was just across the road. Yet when
[8296]. diplomatic representations were made by the
[8298]Dutch chargé d'offaires with the hint that his
[8299]country’s Lrsncial eid might have to be recons
[8301]sidered if this harassment of a Dutch eaterprize :
[8302]continued, the Miristat were hustled away :
[8304]* without a shot in aA hours.
[8306]es .
[8307]A mULAx EQUIVOCATION was evident in Allende’s
[8308]adoption of @ personal anned bodyguard—tbe
[8310]first in memory to accompany a Chilean President, -
[8312]It is true that the extreme. Right in Chile was
[8313]quick to threaten. violence as a response to
[8314]Allende’s proclaimed ‘revolution, and” Allends
[8316]himself always maintained that ke needed pro -
[8318]tection. But right-wing para-military groups were
[8320]pever as big or as highly organised as those on ©
[8322]the Left: and, in any case, the properreaction of a
[8323]constituionally-minded President would surely
[8324]have been to cal) upon his state security forces to
[8326]- protect him, .
[8328]Instead, Aliende formed a personal unit,
[8330]known as “the Group of Fricnds of the Pro .
[8331]sident.” Trained, armed, and party manned by ©
[8333]“Cutans, it was led by known revolutionaries,
[8335]+ sympathetic to the MIR, ‘including Alleade’s
[8337]son-in-law. The existence of such a group at the
[8339]very centre of the State was nol merely a prow -
[8341]vocation to the established security forces and an
[8342]affront to Chitcan tradition, it was also an implied
[8344]-Iejection of the principle of constjtuioaal rule,
[8346]Doves anour the real depth of Allende’s com
[8347]stitutionalisa were raised also by his personal
[8349]history and his language, both of which suggested |
[8351]Q@ ramante attache
[8355]Mer ell, a founder and fins presicest of the :
[8357]Latin American Soiidarity Org. a, created :
[8358]io Mavana in the 19% 5 and dedicated to the i
[8359]encoursgement of arned insurrection turoughout j
[8360]the continent. He promised to “pai
[8361]with blood" in 1970 if Congress ccciined to !
[8362]ratify his election as President, and ho repeatedly j
[8364]: fried 10 intimidate the opposidon, inside and
[8366]outsides Congress, with tbe threat of civil war.
[8367]These were vot the actions or the seatimzats of a |
[8369]- "man dedicated to constitutional change, except |
[8371]asa matter of expediency.
[8373]Oa the ‘other hand, it was bard to sce Allende -
[8374]as a genuine revolutionary. He never looked !
[8375]anything but the complete bourgeois ccnileman, ;
[8376]A_boa vivewr, Corid but well-groomed, o snappy
[8378]°" dresser, with a twinkling eye fog the ladica and a :
[8380]good deal of personal charm, his stroagest -
[8382]-, political card was his skill in tactical manocuvre. |
[8383]- But as a strategist, a thinker, a man with areal |
[8385]messape, he was unconviccing. Towards the end,
[8386]as he appeared witb increasing frequency 03 the
[8387]presidential balcony in Santiago to” address |
[8388]chanting crowds of his supporters with revolue |
[8389]tionary platitudes, he seemed to'me to lose all |
[8390]contact with reality, to have become an actor is -
[8391]love with his revolutionary part rather than a
[8392]serious leader who knew where ke was going.
[8394]“In nerrosreér, I am inclined to’ think this was
[8396]always tho truth of tho matter. with Allcade,
[8398]” Basically, he was a political romantic, dealing in *
[8400]sensations rather than sense. He enjoyed his hour -
[8402]“upon tho stage but-he never properly assessed .
[8404]«the forces he was dealing with, either for or :
[8406]against him. He raised expectations on his owa
[8408]- side without commanding the nicans to satisfy
[8410]them, and he encouraged opposisioa on the
[8411]other side by his use’of a revolutionary rhetoric
[8412]whose threats he also could nog full :
[8413]At best he was muddle-headed; and time may
[8414]skow that he was deliberately deceitful. Certainly .
[8415]he managed to deceive a lot of people, including :
[8416]himself. But in the end reality taught its own, hard *
[8417]lessons. That you can’t bea dsnocrat and a
[8418]Tevolutionary—at least, pot in a socie.y that is
[8419]already admittedly democratic. That jou can’t
[8420]be anti-American and expect the Americans to
[8421]help you. That you can't pose as the people's
[8423]_ leader and kick most people in the teech, That
[8425]you can't conscript soldicrs into politics and
[8426]expect them to remain apolitical. That you can’t
[8427]have inflation roaring out of sight end maiatain a
[8428]base for social welfare. That, in shozt, the real |
[8429]world is not Cloud-cuckoo-land, Down here,
[8430]you just can’t bave your cake andeat it
[8432]It is sad that such elementary lessons should
[8433]have to be taught yet again at such tragic cost in
[8435]* Chile. But it is alarceing that so many people
[8437]elsewhere should evidently fail to grasp that they
[8438]are the lessons, | .
[8441]Nome aes
[8443]Saaiago |,
[8446]14.90000
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[8496]RECEIVED | RETURNED REVIEWED BY (PRINT NAME) | SIGNATURE OF REVIEWING OFFICIAI a
[8498]i
[8500]f.
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[8587]Hi . AEPAGQOUCTION CY OTHER THAN
[8588]| . J8OUIND ovrice te PROMIBITED
[8590]STAFF
[8591]~~ AQGVANGE COPY IBSVEO'SLOTIOON. OU Ce AL ee nn ee
[8592]ACTION UNIT .
[8593]Pe NEON | Gt, aE EE 7 tan -|
[8594]_ a 1 acne
[8595]7 375103 SELagag PAGE Btedt EN BOLE
[8596]: )
[8597]TOR 12616282 _ AUG 74 {\ AM BS
[8598]Se ern rere cere nara as ee eet as
[8600]SECRET 2816:22 AUG 74 STAFF - oo -_ ra
[8601]. . . f
[8603]CITE HAMBURG 25462 ©
[8605]TOs DIRECTOR INFO BONN, BONN BASE.
[8607]MAGRUNCH FUOMEN REDLEG — se :
[8608]: . Pp ce ‘ a
[8610]REF? EGGA+6103, t2 AUG 74 -!
[8611]5 Lf WVO-VOA
[8612]1, Carticle ay PROF, JAMES THE BERGE, PUBLISHED IN
[8614]_—_—_—
[8616]SOVIET ANALYST, VOL, 3, NO. 17, 25 AUGs ENTITLEDS "KREMLNIS
[8618]ee _.
[8620]"WAND IN ALLENDE'S CHILE" 1S [GEAL FOR PURPOSES OUTLINED IN REF,
[8622]WE ATTEMPTING TO PLACE, WILL ADVISE, SUGGEST HO INCLUDE ARTICLE
[8623]IN PRESS COMMENTS,
[8624]2, FILE DEFER, E2 IMPDET,
[8627]14-0000
[8630]14.90000
[8632]SECRET | 113-47)
[8634]14.90000
[8636]1
[8638]ft an oe
[8639]Tub bya tae |
[8641]a —
[8642]KULTUR 3
[8644]Allendes misstag
[8646]Den awvenskadebatten dir ensidig. Man hor pacett
[8648]Wt dekuaente
[8649]tan dear tgs
[8650]Chile, Bet ar vik
[8651]Tutveeklingenn. wee
[8654]huppen.
[8656]Is canneler
[8660]he t Chile f
[8662]och ckirda fasvism,
[8664]— Sabvindor Allomic ovh ““folkres
[8666]enhety emoisdps nwt stead intresse
[8667]bsen uremlamis, Man skulle linth-
[8669]politisk demobrat? Kaa en social
[8670]“resolunon genonifiwas ined hevarad
[8673]== Polktrontens progam hade
[8674]{yea naturtillpangac, fraaist hopparn,
[8675]Zr obed takes pordeoformssivtet, ty
[8676]forstabgande av de stursta bank:
[8677]Och indastabicetagen oh snabl:
[8678]chonemiek tibast och Gniondel-
[8679]ning av inkemater oh becnogenhe:
[8680]fer samt hamp mot iatlationea,
[8682].Koppar viktig
[8684]— Keppatn svatar fee upp til fyra
[8685]fenitedclar ay fantebs export ech
[8686]mellanen femtedet och en tredjedel
[8687]av sifantukterss. Under dion fore
[8689]Byer i neitcdam ask age, Palutet
[8690]ov 19s talet nationitivernies de till
[8691]halfien av den bristdeatoke
[8692]Ficisegimnen. Staten overt
[8693]procenl av“ abterna, Men
[8695]Freis
[8696]“chifeniwring’' av hopparn visade
[8697]sig slutfipen anda med tons for
[8699]de smenkiinks tactagen, Kappan
[8700]fontitligades genoar ort tillayy till
[8701]glundlaged LOD, bedgan om etsdtt:
[8702]ning GH de fem aanechanska
[8703]hiyierna hanskoits tit hogste satsrevie
[8706]alt berala kontant erating i dollar,
[8707]“ee Jondbruket svarac for mindre
[8708]dn en fpindedcd av sysehatiningen,
[8710]vilket as nudes an ide fests
[8711]Isinamenkanska och aodia u-lan-
[8712]dhe Plena an antes
[8716]osce BO “basnektar Mande tang:
[8717]sintenas. fen hasbektar = en bektur
[8718]forstiiassg Ronstiesattnad jor).
[8720]Uhade under Alleades prosidenitid.
[8721]Under hans fiesta ar tvdngsinlistes
[8722]fastan fika mycket oad som under
[8723]bela den fdtepdemte sevdtiva presi-
[8725]demperinden, Alla stung jondegen-,
[8726]donmcy uppgass ha fonstatligaty
[8727]W974,
[8730]lantaibetarna vepanivciades Ea hlige,
[8731]ha anna var jordwhupationcina.
[8732]De ubude mo ganger revan under
[8733]Allendes forsta ds pamfort raed under
[8734]Freis id. Jordsgaina borpe ga til
[8735]motangrepp. ‘
[8738]exproprersie gardumns bade inte
[8739]Lillrachligt med maskuns, tedshap,
[8740]Areatur ovb utside. Den sjunkamde
[8742]fillgangen pi isvencdel oh den,
[8744]stiyande chlerfragan bois tll fee
[8746]ghingar.
[8748]— I herpan genomlonde Alene
[8749]en tad atyatder toe at shapa on
[8750]Fannie fonteining av fommegenhe-
[8753]fardom av utvechl
[8754]att hernia heiti-
[8755]nine tee
[8756]varje form av debatt om det som
[8758]ansiinder
[8759]jakande seme die pao sane lage sen jumtans.,
[8760]Andres Kiting. journalit och ferfatta
[8762]main avoctt
[8764]SUM
[8766]Andrea Kiing, journalist oth
[8767]forfuntare, aliger att Chile-de-
[8768]batten dir ensidig. “Det dir
[8769], hanna keritivs
[8771]tid anoars kan mit inte lara
[8772]sig ndgonting™.
[8774]avathe boesalfdrer Ovh hamstelng.
[8777]- poweol,
[8779]+ Under nin vistelse Santiago i
[8780]borjan ay 197) var cobart enouret:
[8781]heerna i centrum cht par kyarlee
[8782]Jangs, beratiar Andies King.
[8784]Forlorade stidet
[8786]—- De chonomiska problemen
[8787]medidede poluinks problem. Allen:
[8788]ale Jorlorade medeliisens Mad och
[8790]“arbetarchbasens sidd minskade. 1
[8792]Longicsssaten behowde Kan mauris
[8793]Whos det osar en nddvamdigs
[8794]touting foe att hao skulle Kuan
[8795]fortsgttas aif pou HUE protean
[8797]44 pracot Makikainpon konptess
[8798] parlamnent — president forlyatie,
[8799]Tugen wile ge vik foo den andre.
[8800]Altende drevs till dtgarder som inte
[8801]var forenliga med demukrativka
[8802]Principer och gullande bayar.
[8804]— Denaa ulvechling tyder pd att
[8805]vane figsok att mot Hertalets vilpe
[8806]ity fram en cutrem  palitk
[8807]micdiGn fisher fn pomrivcning aw
[8808]sonhallet wom bara skulle y
[8810]groovy kloopabuik. vate sig a
[8811]tcoktonar eller revolutionat,
[8812]famkalls ca ubveckling mot cn
[8813]svialivtisk eller fascistisk diktatur,
[8814]honstaterat Andres Kung.
[8817]och nusstag under Allendes tid han
[8818]am anJay sun ursdkt fie huppen oh
[8819]dot Bhalbud sag) sedan folate. Man
[8820]ben ho Ghiks  uppti
[8821]Atlenkesy polituk, mea wage sinn
[8822]denmkrat maste hanna assky for den
[8823]Aus atame nulitaryunlan.
[8825]han
[8827]Flitig forfattare
[8828]Aniys Kung i fadd i Gavle
[8830]pee
[8832]“ee
[8833]oD oe , eat eee
[8834]; ~ Fur LER? fay _ peat pnnlptieiNnilinend
[8835]FEMEON | meh eee g . ee . L. a! ce ee
[8836]. OO Tarr
[8837]** een » Ope ta fee She aa A — re ee ee on a
[8838]Le ae tee Wark, Wns, 225, —..Lfib--~
[8839]Lun a i a ae
[8840]ues a | Bote ee weer iene. a ween ;
[8841]Persad  efaays ton —
[8842]TONRENOSE May Ie nee gage
[8844]rn a PAC er spage May 70 Stage
[8848]Tor Sheec’ se pats STI ome, Stet hago. '- -
[8850]eI EGEN ot alten aNan tg ACDEES. Cala aTTention
[8851]TF NEROY Pee mes Bebe oN Cela ay SPEDISH JOURNALIST,
[8852]Tatas tnedes eG "SAS" MT ENTITLED "1a Som Soctacrgn
[8854]AND Fr AP agri ce el arny, SEAMS SN SUALLY Gal ANCeD, CONTNG
[8855]FAQ WOUNG Saice, Moe iS hot may Pe AEVIEW IN FINGI BM
[8857]SSED0S"*CaNGCaue Carle "TIP ACUSTALSOLAUET™, QLNGeownd VISETED
[8859]SMESE BEFORE, Soins any acres AVLENCE'S tices ABEL S tHe
[8861]SHEITS™ VEGATE on CHILE 45 “ONE*SIDED" AND ANALYSES Bw DETary
[8862]ALLENDE'S BOQ gNOMIC Pa.iCles aul tHe INCREASING  ¥ Caiticar FCONORIC
[8863]PREELENS UNCER ALLENIE'S Taaez vedas, AND THE CONCOMITANT.
[8865]PSLITICML PAO EMS Tat LES biLeNCe fo MEASURES WHION wang | “,
[8867]ay
[8869].
[8871]“INCOMPATIBLE att ZEMOCSa GC PRINCIPLES any EXISTING Lause, Te
[8872]é MUNG NOTES Twat wargacssrye CoasS POLITICS, WHETNER REACT OWaRyY
[8873]um REvGLUTTONAge, can BRiny about a MOVE AGAINSY & SOCfacier- ree
[8875]OR FASlEST Ole rarcee™ gar, TE ADDS, "NO CONDITION O8 MISTARS _
[8877]DURING ASSENCE'S TIME Can Ge USED AS EXCUSE F082 tHE coup” ey
[8879]CYNEF TOE NT Pag wee cae
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[8938]PERBOM UT NOTIFIED
[8940]: SECRET 43UING OFFICE 18 PAO
[8942]© :472661 Ea126 pate eg: a IN 274496
[8944]TORI2716312 JUN 74 SAGO 29396
[8946]“SEC RE T 6745842 JUN 74 STAFF
[8948]CITE SANTI] AGO z¢396
[8949]TOs DIRECTOR INFO PARIS,
[8951]RYBAT HYSage
[8953]REFSt a, PARIS 46989( ..) 373442)
[8954]B. DIRECTOR 559514
[8955]1. STATION COKCURS WITH PARIS ASSESSMENT, TF ALLENDE ACTUALLY
[8957]DID WANT TO SURRENDER, JUNTA COULD ONLY SUFFER FROM PUBLICIZING
[8961]FACT,
[8962]2. FILE! 566-4273, 221°9279¢6, €2 [MpPDET
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[8992]ACTION @
[8993]1 169854. EJA366 "PAGE a1 IN 273492.
[8994]_TOR'@622192 JUN 74 yoo. PARE «648989
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[8998]“SECRET CO18Z62 GUN 74 STAFF | pens (te
[8999]CITE PARIS 46989 a vi OW
[9000]TOL DIRECTOR IFC SauTIaug, putt WIM ee
[9002]_RYBAT HYSAGE Wicsi an
[9004]A
[9006]HEF? GIRECTOR. 5595.6
[9007]“1, DEFER S&NTIAGS 7E PAAA 5 BUT WE FEEL THERE LITTLE TO 86
[9009]cm
[9011]“GAINED IN PSYCH TERMS FOR EUROPEAN AUDIENCE To ATTEMPT CLARIFY
[9012]WHETHER SLLENDE KILLED anILe FAGHTING UR ATTEMPTING SURRENDER,
[9013]YUNTA'S PRESTIGE SG LGW Iy EURUPEAN EYES THaT SUCH HAIR SPLITTING
[9014]WOULT NOT MAXE MUCH SIFFERENCE OR COULL ACTUALLY REBOUND .
[9015]AGAINST wUWTA SHUULD IT ExEnGE HE DIED WHILE WANTING SURRENDER,
[9017]2. SHOULD IT LEVsU2? TaaT FANATICS AROUND ALLENDE REFUSED
[9019]ALLOW HIS SUPRENCEA, THE THIS MIGHT EE AnQTHER STORY 9UT THIS
[9021]NOT CLEAR FROM REF &NDI ALSQ NOT KNOWN IF GaRCES COULD MAKE
[9023]SUCH vERSION STICK BECAUSE OF WIS EARLY DEPARTURE FROM NATIONAL
[9025]PALACE. : ‘ ° .
[9027]Se FILES /Sbe00he/3s 221°9387906, E2, IMPDET
[9030]14.90000
[9032]CASUAC ATION
[9034]SECRET
[9036]. ) PROCISSING ACTION
[9038][MAEMO FOR INDEXING
[9040]_.._Chief of Station, Helsink! es ae wig
[9041]Nid, ~ . lon QUALNITO DESK
[9042]C/WH Division _—___ (en ese monks
[9044]a Ie EOF
[9046]Acting Chtef of Station, Santiago ~< ~
[9048]t,
[9050]“FUOMEN Psych
[9052]PTVONE REQUIRE RUTUREWLES rr ee in a a
[9054]Ref: HELSINKI 22455
[9056]If available, we would appreciate receiving four
[9058]copies of Andres Kung's book mentioned in reference. E2 IHPOET.
[9060]- 7
[9061]fs sat
[9062]OP et LE
[9064]‘Lestie H: BERRERIAN
[9068]Distribution:
[9069]2 COS Helsinki — 7@ ov FT Po. ol
[9072]| RECORD COPY |
[9074]ROSS REFLRINGE TO | DISPATCH SYMBOL AND NUMSER Toart ~~ ~~ |
[9076]HCSA-28904 — _....3 May ¥978
[9077](uaa LATION HOME NUMEE ny 5k
[9080]SeEcREeT
[9083]14.90000
[9085]givin,
[9087]NETHERLANDS
[9089]CHILEAN REFUGEES IN NETHERLANDS POINTED OUT AS FUGITIVES
[9091]f4itorial by N. van ee age nhaysent Reformatorisch Dagblad,
[9093]Dutch, 19 April 1974, p
[9095]‘ .The Chilean refugees in the Netherlands seem to be
[9096]having adjustment problems. These rather prolonged symptoms.
[9097]seem to be caused among other things by the fact that they
[9098]still find it hard to accept that the socialist dream of
[9099]their Marxist president. is definitely over and that their
[9100]country is now being ruled ty a small group of reactionaries
[9101]who are trying to keep the people ‘under control through
[9102]terrorism, repression,’ and torture. Such problems will take
[9103]you quite a ways in the Netherlands and those idealists were
[9104]quick to take advantage of it.
[9106]Welfare
[9108]What is the situation? Most of the approximately
[9109]259 refugees with a high school or university education do
[9110]not.work. About half of them have been housed at the "Huis
[9111]ter Schie” in Gverschie, where they enjoy the sunshine on
[9112]the terrace or play volleyball in the yard. Board and
[9113]lodging are free and at the end of the week they pick up
[9114]another 25 guilders pocket money. In addition they receive
[9115]free language instruction, commuter tickets for the bus, and
[9116]compensation for each trip they have to take.
[9118]Do you get the idea that they are better off than:
[9119]many. old people in the Ketherlands? You are probably right,
[9120]because the Chilean exiles do not have to live on welfare;
[9121]they are being paid from the frozen funds which had been
[9122]allocated for development aid to their fatherland, Chile.
[9123]So you can see how well our tax money is being spent.
[9125]14-0000
[9127]Considering that this small proup of pampered exiles
[9128]is preaching revolution even here and with a full stomach,
[9129]{t may be.useful to point out a few facts. These are facts
[9130]which are well known in the Ministry in The Hague: but for
[9131]some reason never made it to the Netherlands press.
[9133]Facts
[9134]The great majority of the refugees are not even
[9135]Chilean nationals. They are natives of Bolivia, Brazil, and
[9136]Urupuay. They came to Chile as a regult of jlleral and
[9137]revolutlonary activities in which they had been involved in
[9138]these South and Middle American countries, the ultimate
[9139]consequences of which they did not wish to suffer.
[9141]They felt at home in Allende's Chile because Allende
[9143]‘showed sympathy for their situation. His first action as
[9145]president, after his inauguration in November 1970, was to
[9146]declare amnesty for all those who “were members of terrorist
[9147]underground organizations," those who during the last months
[9148]of. his predecessor's regime had been charead with bank
[9149]robbery, the armed robbery of self-service stores, the theft
[9150]of weapons from military arsenals, kidnapping, and | attempted
[9152]murder.
[9153]The fact that some of those revolutionaries received
[9155]Chilean diplomatic status was due to Allende's policy of
[9156]granting residence permits to this type of revolutionaries.
[9158]These refugees with a high school or higher level education
[9160]seemed to have no adjustment problems in Chile. As a result
[9161]they soon found their way to important key positions in the
[9163]eovernment.
[9165]‘The fugitives didn't ‘suffer any sleepless nights in
[9166]Chile either, because they felt protected by a militant
[9167]Marxist army, armed to the teeth. Some 10,000 revolutpnaries,
[9168]from all points of the compass, were at their disposal.
[9170]Definition an :
[9172]In the Berner Ta eblatt, a Swiss newspaper which
[9173]is known for not exXSEeTatI"Es Dr. Marlo Puelma, from the
[9174]University of Freiburg, wrote the following: "The concept
[9176]of political refugee . is only of limited value when applied.
[9177]to Chile. Whatever ona's attitude toward the military junta
[9179]14-0000
[9181]may be, One thing is certains the Chilean refugees were not
[9182]pursued only because of thelr ideology, their status, or . P
[9183]their origin. This is the traditional, humanitarian defini- : |
[9185]tion for a refugee. For the most part they aro pcople who,
[9187]‘in their own country, could be legally charged with crimeg
[9189]which are puntshable under any judicial system. .
[9191]These rafugees carried out activities in Chile which
[9192]were against the constitution. As a matter of fact, they are
[9193]specialists in violence. Thiga in why they sought asylum in
[9194]the foreign embassies in Santiago and why there are so many
[9196]foreigners among them."
[9198]8463 .
[9199]CS01 8014/2087-w
[9201]14-9p000
[9202]b
[9204]“egtcuiney
[9206]brates
[9209]anuckendigd tly.
[9211]em gefoullleerd
[9213]“hel spoor tw ko.
[9216]3 Mf maanden,
[9217]fen| zonder pare
[9218]hetltrattatr near
[9219]“montage ts su-
[9220]Herling san ver-
[9221]laringen,
[9223]i
[9225]' te jain belond,
[9226]thetere verhou-
[9230]AD islechtas dat
[9232]in partif- steer,
[9235]dee init tical feos
[9236]Rooen  vriend.
[9238]an mening over
[9239]miiltalre Lend-
[9240]téermanneuyres
[9243]Het} Amert-
[9244]no buftentandse
[9245]fag ekpeurtver-
[9247]dochteronder-
[9248]grote) Amert-
[9249]drieken, auto's
[9251]Cubs. Deze
[9252]waarsrhijnitjk
[9254]et
[9256]2 de organisatie
[9257]en tegen Cuhu!
[9258]mbargo
[9262]-
[9264]V.S.-economie. _
[9266]- Toopt terug
[9268]WASHINGTON — De Amerinaanse
[9269]we Nest dondeniag heaend Ee-
[9270]460 Gat de nationale ecurumie Veol
[9272]Rwart van dit jaar, dan was
[9273]Seoacht Prigzen Stegen tevendien
[9274]Met mover dan tien Procent,
[9275]“Urt brute natinale
[9276]Wandente in het errste &
[9277]On taur-perventage van 3.0 Vit ts da
[9279]TAMA produkt (a Seonivderd en
[9280]betas de scherpote duling In 16
[9282]fale prouuat met 3,6 Dioeerit
[9283]Verseleaen worden met een ochs
[9284]Van tussen de my A precetit, goa
[9285]ie door de re DR Wak geclasn. din
[9287]J8ar nam het brute Rationale produxt
[9290]- MINISTERS KRLUIGEN HUISARREST |
[9292]~ Ethiopische leger wit :
[9293]. scherpe verwijten
[9295]ETHIOPISGN LEGER
[9297]ADDIS ARYBA — Premler Enial-
[9298]kachew Malkwcoea van Ethiopié heeft
[9299]donderdarc MeaArodeemaakt dat do Ie.
[9300]den van de regecing die elnd februurt
[9301]door de sind&rachten gedwongen
[9302]werd af te inven. huisarrest hebben
[9309]+ De pres
[9312]Makko:
[9313]komss ta 3
[9314]Officteren
[9316]boden sun on
[9317]hem hadden
[9318]Gedwongen pa,
[9319]er niet anme.
[9320]ters went an: con .
[9322]Het leger verwik de ministers dat
[9323]ai} het laid in xa ecosomishe chaos
[9324]hebben pear cick op onweltige
[9325]wijze verrijkt bedden ea na hun af.
[9326]treden hedren xamrengezworen om
[9327]Verdecidheid w Rasica
[9329]PLANNEN
[9332]een uitewenee vier
[9335]t te grijpen als
[9336]~Y& teZen de minis-
[9338]van de tuch?
[9339]land in de m
[9341]huisarrest v
[9344]Liberaal
[9346]Kennedy aan
[9349]hem de vraag werd pesteld waarom
[9351]heeft gestolen, onmiddellije de ge.
[9352]vangers Ingaat, terwifl de ex-minis-
[9353]Ners die ernstige. misdaden zoucen
[9354]hebben begaan, niet voor de recht.
[9355]bank worden gedaagd en naar on-
[9356]eehindent! op straat rondiopen.
[9358]'s benvemd die een onderzork net
[9360]Insteen naar het eedrag van de
[9361]Voormalge ministers,
[9363]POLITIE
[9365]In de stad Asmora heeft de Palitle
[9367]Werk meer zal Verrichten, omdat
[9368]Cle tar ota)
[9370]& Shibeshi, nfet ts ingewil-
[9371]orts hebben de 1.200 spuor-
[9372]Wermannen die woensdag In Making
[9373]tijn eeeaan, de vrachtauto's tegennge-
[9374]houden die goederen van Asmara
[9375]Buar de haverstad Nassawa zouden
[9377]brengen.
[9378]Arbetdsonrust
[9379]in Canada
[9381]OTTAWA — De posterijen, het
[9382]oammeiele luchiverxeer en het
[9383]schrepvaartverkeer op de St.-Law-
[9384]rence mv in Canada zijn vertarnd
[9385]door een staking die het land dage-
[9386]lijks enkele milioenen dollars «oat
[9387]De arbe:taonmust duurt nu al meer
[9388]dan een week en zal volzens de Ca-
[9389]Radese pariementaire oppos:tie de
[9390]Livlatie,
[9391]Procent bwiraag:. bevonteren. |
[9393]Door wrhie stakingen is ie
[9394]aile wetkantoren in
[9396]kevelge van
[9397]Lolw ane
[9399]e mewnentee! jaarliixs 10
[9402]Brslui a
[9403]tebtastan
[9405]Chileense luchtelingen |
[9406]nd oachtinen od anpaeel
[9407]problemen te hebben,
[9408]tangdurige Ve
[9410]doordat 2t) het Tog osteeda solet
[9411]kunnen verkroppen dat de socdaline
[9412]flache droom van de Marsisthehe
[9413]President definitter vaorbl ls en dat
[9415]een Rlelae arocp teactionulren die
[9416]met terreur, onderdrukking en fal-
[9418]dulm te houden, Met to'n tange vole
[9419]sin hom Je cen heel cind in Ne.
[9420]deriand en dit hadden deze Idealls-
[9421]ten al gauw in de Baten,
[9423]VERZORGING
[9425]Want wat-is het Reval?) Werken o
[9427]doen de meeste van de onKe Vere 250
[9428]viuchtelingen van middelhane en
[9429]unlveritatr niveau niet, Ongevece:
[9430]de helft van hen is ondergebracht an
[9431]het .Muis ter Sehie= in Overschle,
[9433]de zon of vollesbal apeten in de
[9434]fuln. Kost en inwoning sijn qrails
[9435]en’asn het einde van de Week van.
[9437]gen «lf ook nog eens Vilfeutwintle [
[9439]fulden zakgeld. Daarbll krligen aj
[9440]ROK grath taalcursussen, fen eit.
[9441]tenkaart voor de Mis en en vergoe-
[9442]ding voor elke rely die ei) moeten
[9444]maken,
[9447]Door
[9448]N. van Niauwenhuysen
[9452]Waarschijatijk hebt ou Relik. wang
[9453]de Chilcense  hailingen hehoeven
[9454]niet van de distand te leven: yf)
[9455]worden namelijk gefinancierd door
[9456]de gebtukheerde Relden voor ont.
[9457]Mihheliagehuln gan hun vadertaned
[9458]Chil, Zo stet uo maar hoe goed ony
[9459]belaiageetd words bestead
[9461]Dase dit tv de watten Kelegde
[9462]Rroepje bailingen selty bier nog wet
[9463]voile maag de revolutie predikt is
[9465]focmen. Feiten die op het Ministerice
[9466]in Den Haase welbcekend aijn, maar
[9467]om de een of andere reten nooit de
[9468]Pers in Nedertand halen.
[9471]De viuchtelingen hebbeu voor hes
[9473]OVergrote deel niet ceas de Chi.
[9474]teense nationaliteit. 2 gin afkom.
[9477]14-0000
[9479]} .
[9480]- Me OF
[9482]: .
[9485]14-00000
[9487]GEA 2. DA. Arner teaurize
[9488]senotar Felward Keanealy be
[9490]de
[9491]BRAVO ver
[9492]neerden van se Ad
[9494]rereorebeg tat
[9496]Shen het georkil
[9497]fuscen Halli on lavie over de
[9498]togenaninad: gone BO leo guides) van
[9499]Tibat ve ert. Reunedy oo nveride
[9501]fening nlet kon wonten. afvelast san
[9502]dat ae al verscheddene maandet, te-
[9503]Voren in voorberetding waren fener
[9504]hy Amerik senator be
[9505]rdug: na cen besvex van rte
[9507]) vuerde met onidet ineer pre
[9508]sitet Tito, naar de Sov ;
[9509]Aeargerciad. Hij i .
[9510]Wtruk” te etn
[9514]vefeningen
[9519]ver Cuba
[9521]en donder- |
[9523]sn vniniaten
[9524]" Hrond in
[9528]PA van Het wes-
[9529]Hexteo-stad twee
[9530]gar had sich niet
[9533]Aijk veker van
[9534]yigde Staten i
[9535]zn in verle-
[9536]qvragen  amtrent
[9537]bijeenkomst te
[9539]node organisutle
[9540]in op vrijdag In
[9542]EMBARGO
[9544]Afue waarmee de
[9546]gy over Cuba Ke-
[9547]hts economische
[9548]Maneden, Niettemin
[9550]Fguitaat van de
[9551]Raiington fs, dat de
[9552]Feld tijken te zijn
[9554]erika en de La-
[9555]eden gebleven te
[9557]B vs_s afschaffing
[9560]Minister Kis-.
[9562]nalaten te yoorkamen dat de invecr
[9563]ult Letfijns-Amerika nog meer, tes
[9564]beperkingen . onderhevig wordt ge-
[9566]vmasnl
[9568]AY werknemers acharste anal
[9569]2 owanrep het
[9570]went vecrsecht de Canadese ps
[9571]te boveetien, De werkremers Ww
[9572]fen osteljen, maar de ey
[9573]te onderhandelen wetist ie
[9574]dereen weer aan bet werk is
[9575]139 loatsen op de St-Lawriye tte
[9577]gergen tussen Montreal en tert
[9578]2ijn alleen week In staking amie
[9580]gen van 27000 tot dH.000 aT
[9581]jaar. De regering heeft hen Wo
[9582]dollar geboden over cen perusie VRo
[9584]mogelijkheden um de kasisen te
[9585]dwingen het werk te hervatten.
[9587]Ook het luchthaven persaneet erst
[9588]loonsverhoging van fund de SOW fol-
[9589]Jar. De acht greetate Jaehthavens van
[9590]het land hebben de afseloyn werk
[9591]op halve kracht erkt, Ven
[9592]dreigt cen staking van de yverkoern
[9594]ders.
[9596]Trak krijg
[9598]| parlement
[9602] eerst scdert de revulutie vin Lt eet
[9604]volksvertegenwoordiging., Het presi:
[9606]front” heeft hlertoe bestoater ia
[9607]donderdag bekendgemaakt, Wanacer
[9608]de volksvertegenwoordiging ‘er kent
[9609]en of die tot stand zal komen voor al
[9610]gemeno verklecingen, ts nog nict be
[9611]sloten, In Bagdad staat een xtmot
[9614]De soctaliatischa Baas-partij
[9616]ode
[9617]cummunisien werken samen in Ret
[9618]Drogressieve nutionate front. |
[9620]GOUDPRODURTIE ACHTERUIT
[9621]Grote onrust onder
[9623]mi jnwerkers
[9625]in Z.-Afrika
[9627]JOMANNESHURG — In de afgelopen weken Is moord en doodstag’ in de
[9628]Zuldalrikaunse goudmlinen onder de zwarte mijawerkers tot cen rorgbarvade
[9629]omvang Uligegrocid, Ve Jongste balans van Dlordige stamtwisten tussen gast-
[9630]arbelders ult Lesotho en de Xhoaa’s in-de goudmiia Carletonviile, bY Johanoes-
[9632]burg, luldt; en doden en drie en zureig gewonden, :
[9634]De meeste slachteffers waren grue
[9635]welijx verminkt, Slatpplastsen wer-
[9636]den vernie!a, met ine overgatien
[9637]en in) brand gestexen, Viuchtende
[9639]duodgeschoten, .
[9642]rj hun we in Zuide
[9644]in de
[9645]naar hun veilige becyachtige vader-
[9646]land Lasetho terugavkecnt. Vele an+
[9647]dere zijn van plan we naar Lesrho
[9648]terug te gaun, Na de Busotho’s vrezen
[9649]thans de mijnwerkers Wt Malowi aon
[9650]de beurt Le zijn.
[9652]INSPRAAK
[9654]Woordvoerders van de zwarte
[9656]“mijnwerkers verklaren, da: de mijn-
[9658]werkers nicts in te beengen hebben
[9659]tegenover de blanke letding von ce
[9660]mijnen en niets aan de arbenteome
[9662]zegt te welen waurom de minwr
[9663]kers elkaur doodslaan. un verte-
[9665]betwijlel, of de arbeiders zeif het wel
[9666]weten”, aldus de bedrisfsletiter.
[9668]Velen) menen, dat ingewtedte
[9670]stammen-vijandschap de ourfaak is
[9671]van de onlusten. Daarbij komt: dar Yj
[9672]ce huidige woningnowl een niriise
[9673]aanieNing voldoende is on de mast
[9674]tegen de gastarbeiders tat een expire
[9675]sie te brengen. De mijnmaatehsp-
[9676]Piyen hedben zich tot dusver verzet
[9677]legen de eis. de zwarte mijnwemes
[9678]te groeperen naar de strexken waar 2)
[9679]vandaan komen, Zij menen, ¢.
[9680]hog grotere onlusten zouden at
[9681]Het zou zelfs tot slachtparten”
[9682]kunnen komen. Intussen , gaat ce
[9683]goudpmduxtie achteruit. Lest
[9684]Zt de megering met het profieem van
[9685]de braiclous geworden temgsekees
[9687]ateh tn dese Zuid ee Mates.
[9689]gehouden me¢ onwellaes sa peed.
[9690]tiomenire aedragingea Wes eve ety
[9691]de uiteindeiijke consegaraiics niet
[9692]wWensten te dragen,
[9694]In het Chill van Abeade vechden
[9698]toonde vour han gedras. Son eerste
[9699]daad als president, teen Bi Ut no-
[9700]vember 1970 geinstalies’ was, be-
[9702]van amnestic voor al dietecen, die
[9703]ald waren van eon teecuciotische
[9704]ondergrondse organivatse’. vour hen
[9706]die in de tactste maanden vader aljn
[9707]yourganger Ware aancelissad voor |
[9709]he€ beroven van banken gewelds
[9710]dadiee aver en wn eeitbedie-
[9711]ningswinkels, diefstal vax wapend
[9712]wilt milllaice depois, entwecugen en
[9713]moordtaauslagen,
[9715]Dat sentaigen van Seve revolu-
[9717]Blatus kregen ts ook weeluarhaar
[9718]als men weet dad de nsecing van
[9719]Allende ecu beleid vecrdae dat er op
[9720]gerleht wae om Juist: wereaifaver-
[9721]cunningen te geven saz dt type
[9723]revoludionalren, Deze viewtielingen -
[9725]van widlelboar en beer aiveau
[9726]Mehen nametlik | in GIN geen
[9727]ubanpasuagsmoc I (khkedea™ te heb.
[9728]ben, ZI) ventden dan ook wetdra bon
[9729]weg naar belangrijke sec tpusilies
[9730]In de regering.
[9732]Slapeloze nachten Belden do
[9733]“vervolgden” In Chili ak viet om-
[9735]een tot de tanden geoapead mil-
[9736]fant-Marxistivch soldatenieer. Zo'n
[9737]10.000 revolutionatren att ate wind-
[9738]Streken stunden hen tee Deschih-
[9740]thy 4
[9741]DEFINITIEF
[9743]In het Berner Tapetuy cen
[9744]Zwitserse Keant dle seh riet wan
[9745]averdriving achuldic maakt,
[9746]schrijft de. Marto Pueles van- de
[9747]Freiburese Universiirits Jet coa-
[9748]cept van de politieke vRuchicling
[9749]Ran met betrekking tat C2225 slechis
[9750]in seer beperkie mate orden Hoe
[9751]Men ook mag staan teprauvee de
[9752]Militaire junta, con ding 3% ovtter: de
[9753]Crlleeuse viuchtelingen weeded niet
[9754]alleen vervalgd voor ben ieulugie,
[9755]status af afkemsl Dit laste is de
[9756]traditloncte humanitaire delenitle
[9757]van een vervotede. Vaar bx gruol-
[9758]ste deel zUn het mensen de in hun
[9759]eigen land wettelijk sametlaond
[9760]kunnen worden voor mivfinlea die
[9762]onder elk rechtshestel  scrafbaar
[9766]Desre viuchlelingen weedeo to
[9767]Chitt daden uit die in smd aaren
[9769]Met de grondwet. In fener aio het.
[9771]speciatisten in) geweld Cm deze
[9773]tenlandse ambassades m Santiago
[9774]en dasrom bevinden cich roveel
[9777]14-0000
[9779]_) Asse aTOR
[9781]1 WYUIDUING MESSAGE sh} A eee
[9782]. 35 - 3° 2 ee a eoneel
[9783]ne Oe wl oe aoue
[9784]onF. O 0. oO B o6O-0 1
[9785]S-E CR ET _ .
[9786]STAFF 3922402 DIRECTOR §54999 fb
[9787]11 mune OInoRM BY %
[9788]Con?: EuR JT wwro: me prs, OLE) 55 5, Kypur % oes’ ' ‘ G
[9790]PES 4, este SV1TE = mrmnin 8
[9792]! CHIE -———-—
[9793]. Tor BOHN BASE INFO BONN, SANTIAGO, HAMBURG.¥ CLPWH/6 eee?
[9794]“FUONYX CASULERY TOFOCUS ¥ EISEN
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[9807]2. AIRNAILING TO BSROUTSAS BACKGROUND MATERIAL ON LEFTIST HREga
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[9809], A. LCBEFORE PRESS SUMMARIES OF FRONT ACTIVITIES.¥
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[10198]REFS WCSA 18906
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[10518]ans co < ~ TOG Lal uno
[10520]-U
[10522]SECRET
[10524]856506 MAIS ROKATOR 7 Oate- Ng CROVe cre mOCCAOE OEE RECO PU mERA .
[10526]STAFF , LOz24azZ DIRECTOR 549346 7
[10527]moan OISSEM BY: ¥y
[10529]servanro PER
[10531]ee - Denn #
[10533]TO: SANTIAGO INFO PARIS.¥
[10535]coma RG ; wnta: PAE ys a S85, “A eee
[10536]: om as BY, §
[10538]TOF OCUS UNSOBER ¥
[10539]REF! OFAA-235by 9 APRIL 24 {NOT NEEDED SANTIAGO}Y
[10541]4. TOFOCUS ACTIVITY SEEKS TO DEVELOP. ASSETS TO. INFLUENCE NEUS
[10542]AND OTHER PROGRAMMING MITH POLITICAL CONTENT IN EUROPEAN TV SERVICES.
[10543]IN FRANCE THIS HAS SEEN PARTICULARSLY TOUGH NUT TO CRACK. BUT PARIS
[10544]STATION HAS MADE RECENT PROGRESS WITH UNSOBER/). ‘THIS FORMER STAFF
[10545]JOURNALIST FOR pretrerous FRENCH NEWS WEEKLY L'EXPRESS RECENTLY
[10546]COMPLETED A 30-NINUTE REPORTAGE ON CURRENT EVENTS IN WEST GERMANY.
[10547]IT WAS WELL. RECEIVED AND RESULTED IN HIS BEING TAPPED TO. BO SECOND
[10549]“30-MINUTE PROGRAM. AS UNSOBER/1L APPEARS TO BE ON WAY TG POSITION OF
[10551]SUBSTANCE WITHIN FRENCH TELEVISION. WE ARE ANXIOUS TO ASSIST HIS
[10553]RISE AND INSURE THAT PARIS STATION'S MOST PROMISING TOFOCUS ASSET
[10555]ACHIEVES MOST INFLUSNTIAL STATUS“ POSSIGLE. TO THIS END IT WOULD BE
[10556]——_—,,
[10558]OF VALUE IF UNSOBER/S COULD Do PROGRAM ON THE CURSENT SITUATION IN
[10560]Wilts
[10561]Jeeta
[10563]CHILE-¥
[10565]e) @ .
[10566]py cue -
[10567]DATE:
[10568]Oma:
[10569]UNIT:
[10571]. Casas Ovex ce COCCOMA Ting OnreCeRD st AOA NTcane oncen
[10572]Cute mcarion REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED =£ 2 IMPDET
[10573]ct BY:
[10575]erraere
[10577]14.90000
[10579]VYUILOVING HibLoVINVe
[10581]Or--cd
[10583]DOMAL CENTER USE OME .
[10584]aoe cos ace ro4 we Bao
[10586]onF O : it) 0 0. 0 F) 2
[10587]SECRET os .
[10588]BS RAS 8 MAMCAIND ORRCS POR are fant Ce on wernsos sesrmmcemncee
[10589]STAFF DIRECTOR
[10591]ONP. : , INFO me J O wos DISSEM BY:
[10593]come O wes >
[10595]| G1 34 O snanto PER
[10598]2. THE REPORTAGE WOULD PROBABLY BE DeSTGNED FOR 30-MINUTE
[10599]AIRING. AND WOULD HOPEFULLY CONTAIN FILMED INTERVIEW WITH GENERAL
[10600]PINOCHET AND VISIT TO DAWSON ISLAND. WHILE WE BELIEVE THIS WOULD
[10601]BE FIRST INTERVIEW GRANTED 79 FRENCH JOURNALIST BY THE HEAD OF
[10602]RULING JUNTA {THUS BIG BOOST FOR UNSOBER/1}. WE UNDERSTAND PINOCHET
[10603]HAS GRANTED OTHER INTERVIEWS AND ALLOWED FILMING ON DAWSON ISLAND.
[10604]PROPOSAL HAS BEEN CAREFULLY DISCUSSED WITH UNSOBER/3. AND HE HAS
[10605]SAID REPORTAGE WOULD BE FAVORABLE BUT NOT TOTALLY UNCRITICAL--BEST
[10606]TREATHENT THE CHILEAN GOWERNTENT COULD HOPE FOR IN FRANCE.
[10608]3. TO OBTAIN INTERVIEW UITH GENERAL PINOCHET AND OTHER JUNTA
[10609]LEADERS AND/OR PERMISSION B9SRFILM CONDITIONS ON DAUSON ISLAND AND
[10610]ELSEWNERE IN CHILE, UNSOBER/2 HAS ASKED FOR BKHERALD ASSISTANCE.
[10611]UNSOBER/B IS CONFIDENT THAT SUPERTORS WOULD APPROVE PROGRAM IF
[10612]UNSOBER/3} COULD ASSURE THEM THAT HE WOULD BE GRANTED INTERVIEUS, ETC.¥
[10614]4.- PLEASE ADVISE WHAT ASSISTANCE SANTIAGO STATION CAN PROVIDE
[10616]TO UNSOBER/3-¥
[10617]G- FILE: 203-872997- Ee INPDET-d
[10619]pare’ & MAY L974.
[10620]* DAN WAGHER:LD
[10622]or, E/F/INT C/E/CA
[10624]C/UH | bet Yat 2 C/UH/b Dike oeS, C/E/F v3 :
[10625]aB.sageea Cores Cooma we OFPCaee aU raen rh atte OF FCED
[10626]REPROC ‘ION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE 1S = MIAITED EF 2 IMPDET
[10628]SECRET
[10629]7 .
[10630]CL BY: gegpy?
[10632]14.90000
[10634]- TO: STOCKHOLM INFO HELSINKI’ SANTIAGO. ¥
[10636]wurowliits2 ipewe rote te
[10638](pep
[10639]Set pe
[10640]om 0 o a@ a a 4a 3 "
[10641]SECRET a
[10642]STAFF a y02239z REET 549305
[10643]‘ a noes DISSEM BY:
[10645]“cone: £UR] INFO: me (Aw. SBE: fe
[10649]aervento PER
[10651]o 9200
[10653]weant 4
[10655]FUOMEN PSYCH ¥ . _ oe
[10656]REF: HELSINKI 2245S [IN aaqqzal ¥ ,
[10658]1. A FORMER SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTRY OFFICER CAECLUSTER?
[10659]REPORTED THAT THE NAME OF ONE ANDRES ALEKSANDROVICH K YUN Gs
[10660]BORN 1945. NATURALIZED SUEDISH CITIZEN. APPEARED ON SOVIET VISA
[10662]BLACKLIST AND HE TO BE DENIED VISA TO USSR. NO REASON GIVEN FOR THIS
[10663]DENTAL BY NFA-~ (DOL: MID“LA71}. NO OTHER TRACE H@S FILES. ¥
[10665]2. STOCKHOLN: PLS FURNISH TRACES SUBJECT REF. ¥
[10667]3. NO FILE. Ee IMNPDET-d
[10669]avin cacle, ra
[10671]SB/X/EU- pet [Nena ch Ks ote
[10673]pare: UD MAY 74 Neeee
[10674]orig: MARIA C. YALSH/JUD
[10676]unit: E/SC/S .
[10678]ext: 1586 . . 4 ey,
[10679]C7EU c Or VAL { ; . AC/E/SE
[10680]mentors ecee Ly ve C C pOeO Aah OF OR EER . euTme area te OFFR ER
[10682]chasereateom REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROMIBITED = 2 IMPDET
[10684]SECRET ci BY: 008234
[10686]14.90000
[10688]ates (CO SOLY A9MUEDKQITED i. (oe!
[10689]rome dt | ae pie. ove BRIT mer O86 [o ie ‘i
[10691]squire 3u0, . “sy
[10692]snes Wy ,
[10694]G -_
[10695]TOTAL cories 21 nut oy
[10697]SAULE SEC OISCEM BV freer con eeamnnn nn even re omneemrenen
[10698]| ATERODUCTION OY Otte tHe
[10699]: ISSUING OFT 1d OOIOITE:
[10700]PERSON ‘UNIT NOTIFIED ae SE _ SE CE R Eo t eee | _ -
[10702]pe oe bes S85 fT
[10703]1 125294 €fA67B  BRGE a eT)
[10704]a | Teais3a5s28 way 74 ead nag g9¢
[10705]ee en ©,7/1)7 Se
[10706]SEC RE T 1345352 MAY 76 STAFF oe cin bee
[10707]CITE PARIS 48392 | ; a oe _
[10708]TO! PRIORITY SANTIAGO InFG g1Re cTOR, WHICI oe oe sees oy
[10709]TOFUCUS uNso BER f thie WH oe
[10710]pul WH/6iiery—
[10712]REFS DIRECTOR 549349
[10713]4. 0F SOCIALIST PRESISENTIAL CANDIDATE FRANCOIS MITTERRAND
[10715]IS ELECTED GN 19 MAY, IT HOST, DOUBTFUL THAT UNSOBEA/S COULD DO
[10717]" PROGRAM ON CHILE THAT WOULD 3= ACCEPTASLE TO BKHERALD (OR 19 PINOCHET),
[10718]2e THEREFORE RECGMHEND SaNTL[AGO CONSIDER REF WITHIN CONFINES. .
[10720]OF STATION UNTIL RESULTS GF ELECTION KNOWN, IF MAJCRITY CANDIDATE
[10722]SIScaRD Drestatu WINS (HE HLS SLIGHT LEAD IN PGLLS)s CLIMATE
[10724]WILL BE EXCELLENT FOR FayORASLE TREATMENT OF PINOCHET, IN THIS
[10726]CASE, WOULD SE USEFUL TO HAYE RESPONSE TO REF BY COB 32 MAY TO
[10728]COINCIDE wITH TOY TO PARIS OF HOS TOFUCUS OFFICER.
[10730]a
[10732]3, FILE: 221-872997, E-2 IMPDET
[10734]14-0000
[10736]1
[10737]De sae 30206 : pin, \
[10738]shaua, tf B : t
[10740]i G- {
[10741]S samee aes olevem oy fo» an TAL COriES oe WSU BY
[10742]; . BPEMQDUCTION OF OTHES THs
[10743]! ISOUING OFFICE 139 FROIDIT:
[10744]VrgnsanuniT NOTIFIED, ns ne! $ Ee c R RE oT. : .
[10745]‘ . 7
[10746]an
[10747]. AVANCE _COMY ISBUEQ“ELOTIOD Oy AT pe ta a eee oe flank.
[10748]ACTION UNIT OR WwW] NYY v Ose a
[10750]‘Hone LF Jee re : SSo_ ae,
[10752]“"T 439294 Epaeva PAGE g@4 IN 259170
[10753]i Do, :
[10754]: _ TORt2315222 MAY 74 ; PARAL ‘4dy9e
[10756]’ S$ EC RET 1318352 MAY 74 STAFF
[10758]CITE PARIS 48392
[10760]Tos PRIORITY SANTIAGO INFo DIRECTOR,
[10762]TOFUCUS UNSOBER
[10764]«REFS DIRECTOR 549349
[10766]1. TF SOCIALIST PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE FRANCOIS MITTERRAND
[10768]_ IS ELECTED ON 19 MAY, IT MOST DOUBTFUL THAT UNSUBER/1 COULD D9
[10769]a PROGRAM ON CHILE THAT WOULD aE ACCEPTABLE TO BKHERALD (OR TO PINOCHET),
[10770]2. THEREFORE RECOMMENC SANTIAGO CONSIDER REF WITHIN CONFINES.
[10771]‘oor STATION UNTIL RESULTS GF ELECTION KNOWN, IF MAJORITY CANDIDATE
[10772]SISCARD D'ESTAING KINS (HE HAS SLIGHT LEAD IN POLLS), CLIMATE
[10773]BILL BE EXCELLENT FOR FAyORABLE TREATMENT OF PINOCHET, IN THIS
[10774]CASE, WOULD BE USEFUL TO HAVE RESPONSE TO REF BY COB 3u MAY TO
[10775]CCINCIDE WITH TOY TO PARIS OF HQS TOFUCUS OFFICER,
[10776]| 3, FILE! 201-872997, E-2 IMPDET
[10781]m
[10784]se . Ss
[10786]14-0000
[10789]TTL MN WEDD my a
[10793]> ABLE AFC OISSEM AY PE aig cae TAL COMER Can | MUN OY
[10795]i . REPROUUCTION RY OTHER THA
[10796]4 s Ee C R E T IBBUING OFFIC 19 PRQOUAIT AD
[10798]FEN DGl UNIT NOFIFIEO
[10802]___. —_ a AY WAVY Of2, a.
[10803]- aes ee |
[10807]fo oe TOR11315422 May 74 PARI 48399
[10809]SEC RE T 4313352 HAY 74 STAFF
[10810]CITE PARIS 48394
[10811]TOs PAIORITY SANT[AGO INFO DIRECTOR,
[10812]YOFUCUS UNSOBER
[10813]REF: DIRECTOR 549349
[10815]-- 4, IF SOCIALIST PRESICENTIAL CANDIDATE FRANCOIS MITTERRAND
[10816]1S ELECTED ON 19 MAY, IT “OST. GGUBTFUL THAT UNSOBER/1 COULD DO
[10818]" PROGRAM ON CHILE THAT WOULD BE ACCEPTASLE 19 BXHERALO (OR TO PINOCHET),
[10820]2. THEREFORE RECOMMEND SANTIAGO CONSIDER REF WITHIN CONFINES.
[10822]GF STATION UNTIL RESULTS oF ELECTION ANOWN, IF MAJORITY CANDIDATE
[10823]SIScaRD D'ESTAING WINS (HE HAS SLIGHT LEAD IN POLLS)» CLIMATE
[10824]aTLe 5E EXCELLENT FOR FAYORAGLE TREATMENT OF PINGCHET. IN THIS
[10825]CaSé, WOULD @& USEFUL To HAVE RESPONSE TO REF BY COS 3D MAY TO
[10826]COINCIDE WITH TDY TO PARIS OF HOS TOFUCUS -oFFICER,
[10828]3, FILE: 2212872997, E-2 IMPDET
[10830]secRrer
[10832]14-0000
[10834]ne . . 2 WF 5 £
[10835]A
[10837]TOTAL COFIES 30 RUN OY,
[10839]SADLE BEC DICSEM OV 35” —PER ae emt ges a slalitindRetiien ‘ae . —_
[10840]WEPRODUCTION NY OTHER THE
[10841]. . S e Co R E tT (SSUING OFFICE IS FHOMIMITE .
[10842]PEHSON: UNIT NOTIFIBO a a a .
[10844]AUVANCE CONY I95UsU/SLOT IFO
[10846]: ACTION UNIE , 6545 :
[10847]| ERE dy 7 as ——
[10848]aeTION? | F mend <—s - — -
[10849]_ nnn 2/2. 62: eit
[10850]T 1aed1? élacege PAGE OL , IN 24¢-246-
[10851]TORs120242 MAY 74 _ 3NNB 2 31516 _
[10854]|
[10856]|
[10857]|
[10858]|
[10859]|
[10860]|
[10861]|
[10862]|
[10864]tenn
[10866]HIS Dore ¢ coneummed
[10868]$.— CR E.T 2314292 MAY. 74 STAFF CAtayg
[10869]Foe wasnt Sle woTer .
[10872]CITE SONN 3456 31516 DON ys.
[10873]WW, ex
[10874]TO: DIRECTOR. INFO BONN, PARIS VEs35
[10876]_ Aiew
[10878]CATHATCH CAQUARRY TOFOCUS FUOYNX Wet Qa Thucke
[10880]BONN B55 31234 Civ a30053 VER ~~
[10882]REF:
[10883]W/6/Soc'y a
[10884]Ls 2 MAY 2LF MAGAZIN WITH CAQUARRY AS MODStAtCR CARRIED
[10886]15 MINUTE FEATURE ON CHILE,’ A THEME LONG DISCUSSED WITH CAOUARRY,
[10887]_MATN PART FEATURE was IvTEAVIER WITH SPD PARLIA? MENTARIANS
[10888]FRIEDRICH 2EERMANN (SUBJECT “REF) WHO RECENTLY RETURNED
[10889]FROM VISIT CHILE AND SPOKE WITH GENERAL PINOCHET. BEERMANN
[10890]STRESSED THAT ALLENDE GOVERNMENT HAD RULED ILLEGALLY, CONDITIONS
[10891]NOT AS BAD 4S THEY SEEM AND THAT OVERALL CHILEAN POPULATION
[10892]FAVORED ALLELCE'S OVERTHRON, SIGNIFICANCE I$ T4aT INTERVIEW
[10893]WITH SPD POLITICIAN AND SPD, AS INFLUENCED 3Y ITS LEFT WING,
[10894]KAS BEEN STAGNGLY ANTI “UUNT AY, ;
[10895]2 HANS HAT TH OE FE Ry LEFT KING SPD PAPLIAMEN®
[10896]TARIAN AND STATE SECRETARY FoR ECENSMIC COODERATION» HAS BEEN
[10897]LEADING GERMEN OPPOSITION TO JUNTA AND aLS2 TRYING SLOCK
[10898]ECONCMIC AID, DRAKING ON FUAKL/S BACKGROUND INFO (SEE £5495363,
[10899]NOv 73) WE mAVE CISCUSSED “aTTHCEFER IN CETAIL WITH CACUARRY
[10900]SECRET
[10902]14.90000
[10904]Action urat
[10906]|
[10908]t
[10910]ronM Mth
[10911]DMG TED
[10913]TOTAL COPIEB wUN OY
[10914]. REPRODUCTION OF OTHER THA
[10916]CANLE SEC DISREM Be
[10917]S € cR é tT ISSUING OFFicg te FAOMOITES
[10919]PLASON/ UI NOTIFIED.
[10921]MOVANCE, COPCISSUEU/SLOTIED yay , nee }
[10923]t a . : :
[10924][™ an a ep a
[10925]acrion o rhe ren set teen
[10926]. le
[10927]+ T 12¢@47 Elagee PASE 22-8 aera: _
[10928]Darter ar ad
[10930]TOR11490247 may 74
[10932]CUESTIGNING 1S MOTIVATION qr STRONG SUPPORT ALLENDE AND EVEN
[10933]STRONGER CONDEMNATION OF JUNTA, BY COINCIDENCE CAQCUARRY ON
[10934]PER "GU" 24515 wITH MATTHOEFER (NOT FOR Same POLITICAL IDEALS)
[10935]AND WELL AKLRE MATTHOEFER BACKGROUND INVOLVMENT LEFT WING
[10936]ACTIVITIES. END OF CHILE FEATURE CARRIED STATEMENT GY CAQUARRY
[10937]THAT IT STRANGE MATTHCEFER CGNCGNED ALLENDE GOVT USE OF FORCE
[10938]AS NECESSAFY WRILE KE 1S PRESEKTLY VOCIFEROUS IN CONDEMNING
[10939]JUNTA ACTIVITIES, STATEMENT SERVED EMPHASIZE SPD NON-CBUJECTIVITY
[10940]IN DEALING «ITA CHILE, :
[10941]Se RECUEST TRECES ON MATTHOEFER, SUGGEST OPEN
[10942]eZl SIKCE ES ONE OF MOST INFLUENTIAL LEFT WING SPLERS AND WILL
[10943]UNDOUETELLY cE INVOLVED IN ALY FUTURE POKER STRUGGLES BETWEEN
[10944]RIGHT ALC LEFT wINGS OF SPD,
[10945]4, FILES 221-2230705 X=REF 2246 + E2 IMPDET
[10946]WASH S/C 4GTE: PARIS ADDED INFO ACOEE PER wcS REQUEST,
[10948]SECRET?
[10950]BAND 31516 jin.
[10952]14-00000
[10954]a .
[10957]ME a ee . Ltt Ae ttm oy
[10958]; pe : rors cone DZ 11" fun ot ft: Gn '
[10959]CONF IO S*a yt teh [2 + 2 SUCRUSOI Sime
[10961]CADLE 86C tesoEM Ov 4~ 1, eee
[10963]PEAGONSUNIT NOTIFIED
[10965]a AEYANCE SOP
[10966]ACHOnN Urat
[10967]_ ESRS
[10968]Ac TION 6
[10969]Ta7y pin LL —_
[10971]HELS
[10973]TOR: 2241032 MAY 74 22455 5
[10975]CONF ILDENTSE AL 3229492 MAY 74 STAFF
[10977]CITE HELSINK[ 22455
[10978]-¥O: QERECTOH INFO STOCKHOLM, SANTIAGO,
[10980]FUOMECN PSYCH
[10981]' 1. PIN EVENT ENT NOT ALREADY KNOWN TO AODEES, | CALL ATTENTION
[10983]TG "a nen Pu PUBLISHED ~S90K ON CHILE BY SWEDISH JOURNALISTS
[10985]‘AUTHOR’ ANDRES. Nw i & CUMLAUT."U") ENTITLED "10 SOW SOCIALISM
[10986]AND REAP FASCISM", WHICH SE EcMS UNUSUALLY BALANCED, COMING -
[10987]FROM YOUNG SWEDE. ACCORDING To 1 MAY 74 REVIEW IN FINNISH
[10988]SWEDISH-LANGUAGE DAILY "HUFVUDSTADSBLADET™, KUNG-*WHO VISI
[10989]CHILE BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER ALLENDE'S TIME~-LABELS THE
[10990]SWEDISH DEBATE ON CHILE AS "ONE*SIDED" AND ANALYSES IN DETAIL
[10991]ALLENDE'S ECONOMIC POLICIES AND THE INCREASINGLY CRITICAL ECONOMIC
[10992]PROBLEMS UNDER ALLENDE'S THAEE YEARS» AND THE CONCOMITANT
[10993]POLITICAL PROBLEMS THAT LED ALLENDE TO MEASURES WHICH WERE
[10994]"INCOMPATIBLE WITH DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES AND EXISTING LAMS",
[10996]KUNG NOTES THAT “AGGRESSI{VE CLASS POLITICS, WHETHER REACTIONARY
[10998]OR REVOLUTIJONARY, CAN BRING ABOUT A HOVE AGAINST A SOCTALIST
[11000]OR FASCIST DICTATURE” BUT» HE ADDS, "NO CONDITION OR MISTAKE
[11002]! DURING ALLENDE'S TIME CAN GE USED aS EXCUSE FOR THE COUP
[11004], CON £t-p x hyA . sa
[11005]: | "atehar OH rates
[11007]14-00000
[11009]TOTAL COPIES AUN BV
[11011]‘CABLE BEC Ofs0EmM OY pun
[11012]: coNF ET DENTEAS feaurma oovice ra PRONiaiTxD
[11014]PERSON/UNIT NOTIFIEO ene eS
[11016]—ADY. eerie WEQ/OLQTIEO ay A
[11018]ACTION UNIT
[11020]RE FILE vR.
[11022]Kesg SSE BEBE TN 259975
[11024]TORSDZ11932 MAY 74° HELS 22435
[11026]AND THE bBLOODBATH THAT FOLLOWED",
[11028]2. KUNG (DP0B1 1945, GAVLE, SWEDEN) 1S FORMER (1969-72)
[11029]EDITOR FOR SWEDISH RADIO'S "08S", NOW LIVES IN MALMO. HAS
[11030]PREVIOUSLY WRITTEN ON, INTER ALIAs LATIN AMERICA AND BALTIC
[11031]STATES. aa
[11033]3. FILE DEFER, €2 IMPDET, ; | ae
[11035]: os CONFIDENTIAL
[11036]wee - ° ee .
[11039]14-0000
[11041]neve eR St aywepees Ree tomes
[11042]wanes ¥ Se ie =
[11044]ran 3208 © a oo - * *
[11045]rp WEG UND .” ree, of a
[11048]. -. 4c”
[11049]caout sce O1sse™ of [b___ren sroragicories AS
[11050]. REPAIOODUCTION BY OTHER THP
[11051]a . ISSUING OFFICE 16 PROMIOITE
[11053]FORSON UNIT NOTIFIED.
[11055]TOR: 2321492 APR 74
[11057]ann
[11059]SECRET 2929532 APR 74 STAFF
[11061]CLYE HAMBURG 24795 (SWARZCHILD ACTING)
[11063]TO: DIRECTOR INFO BONN, SONN BASE, SANTIAGI~
[11064]FUOMEN PSYCH CASPECIAL
[11065]REF: DIRECTOR 549262
[11066]i WELCOME RECEIVING SPECIAL BRIEF Fox suzeOSES INDICATED IN
[11070]REF,
[11072]2, RELUCTANT, TO LEAVE MEDIA FIELD ON CHILe tO SOVIETS AND THEIR
[11073]SuppoRTERS. SUSGEST THEREFORE HOS KEEP CFEN MIND ON SELECTIVE
[11074]PLACEMENTS SHORT OF GENERAL PROPAGANDA SuregaT OF CHILEAN REGIME,
[11076]3. SINCE WOMEN LIKELY TO CONTINUE PLAYING PIVOTAL ROLE IN
[11077]AND REACTIONS
[11079]an
[11081]FURTHER POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS, BELIEVE THEIA ¥ISNS
[11082]QUGHT BE GIVEN MORE PLAY, AS AN EXAMPLE. SOUL POSSIBLY ENGINEER
[11083]ARTICLE IN GERMAN MAGAZINE "DER STERN" (CTACULATICN 1,522,023),
[11084]KHICH THUS FAR IN VANGUARD OF ANTI@JUNTA PRLEAGANDA
[11085]: THROUGH MRS, VERA VA CE Ke
[11087]4, FILE: 152124¢46/3, £2 IMPDET.
[11089]. ; . | - 12Y- 52
[11090]7 - [emeepmy.cor | aan oy
[11093]14-00000
[11095]SS&
[11097]ACTION @
[11099]weeyaite pec 7?
[11102]‘ge CR ET 409212 DEC 7E STAFF
[11103]CITE HAMBURG 23918
[11104]To: DIRECTOR INFO SANTI AGT, BONM,
[11106]oC.
[11107]MHCRUNCH CaSPECTalL CUOMEN Sw LTTY
[11108]“4, GASE INTERESTED IN egg anos DE PENETRA
[11110]as
[11112]CHILE” (PORTADA 39) AS VERLTLE TC ENLIGHTEN GE
[11114]EXTENT OF SOVIET/CUBAN INFILTRATION OF SOCIE cS
[11116]CHILE:
[11117]2, STyDY COULD SE FLES-ED CUT Te Encoueass
[11119]ZSFECTALLY PERCEPTIC
[11121]ASPECTS THIS PENETRATICN,
[11123]ran
[11125]NAVAL PURCKASIAG MISSIONS. ehE LAST VISITING ¥
[11127]ALLENDE'S DOKNEALL KREN CHILEAN NAVY REPS SIvé
[11129]TREATED WITH BARE CLVILITY. IT May aise ac
[11131]SOVIETS aRE ALLEGED TC BRaYs OFFERED TO SUPPLY
[11133]ARMED FORCES) WITK ARMAMENTS FOR SPECIFIC Does
[11135]REGIME.
[11137]SALVAGING GPERATIGN IS CRELTAL ASPECT OF avs
[11139]WHICH SURGPEAR LEFT RAS Cl WENTENTLY SWEPT ON
[11141]3. REUGEST HOS COMMEATS SE FEASIBILITY FF
[11143]PRODUCT TO "EET ELROPEAN SESVTREMENTS WHICS &
[11145]ALLER GE'S MCScOw CITST7 ana UNAVAIL INS.
[11147]ere see 2 90 8 oan
[11148]“e . ae Cr ee .
[11149]= 1 TUT tis CAS
[11151]CABLE SEC OISSIM OY DL | IS kL ene sy = 2 8
[11153]. S € Cc R E ‘ IDSUING OFC ts Pre LT
[11154]PEASON UNIT NOTIFIED : —_ — wane
[11155]; ” AGENCY MES BAGS
[11156]ADVANCE COPY ISSULD/5LOTTED : r at__\ t mi
[11157]ACTION UNIT )
[11158]ANY EUR
[11159]ANALE
[11161]TN OHETT
[11163]WAMB resol
[11165]pare
[11167]CON SOVIETICA EN
[11168]aMaN AUDIENCE RE
[11170]CONOMIC FABRIC OF
[11172]DOLITICO/MILITARY
[11173]ug GAINED BY THO”
[11174]ssR yuST PRIOR TO
[11175]% RUNAROUND AND
[11176]SEFUL TO MENTION THAT
[11177]ALLENDE (NOT CHILEAN
[11178]2s OF DEFENDING HIS
[11179]>L.Ea FOR SOVIET
[11180]‘sys SOVIET ROLE
[11184]TURNING OUT FINISHED
[11185]SIESENT PABEMPTED  _ .
[11186]oy DEC. 73
[11189]14-0000
[11192]14.90000
[11194]art’
[11195]CABLE BIC OBDEM BY ern TOTAL corns ay
[11196]PPM TIN PMP THAN
[11197]. Ss E c R E ? Hebe ofr s Pee eee ee
[11199]Persons UMIT NOTITIED ee ne ene ee ee
[11201]. AGENCY MESSAG
[11202]AOA! COPY 1S5UCD/SLOTTLO BY af ee —_ emcee oeey qe nner
[11204]. rc
[11206]ACTION UNIT
[11208]oionnanenmmmemanas (TE Cs 1 fa
[11210]to Rt@410112 DEC 73 HAMA «23018
[11213]BY LEFTIST-GENERATED copy GN CHILEAN DEVELOPMENTS »
[11215]5 aBouT AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE Df ST ALAUTION
[11217]IF AFFIRMATIVE,
[11219]| SHALL TAKE SOUNDING
[11220]> YENICLE. |
[11221]4. FILE DEFER. €2 IMPDET.:
[11223]~~ seca ET OT BI I
[11225]14-00000
[11227]OQUTGCING MESSAGE ,.glil.
[11229]AIGNAL CONE RUST OS
[11230]07, cot aye tows
[11232]ont +O o a 0
[11234]Pree oe a
[11236]SECRET
[11238]STAFF ;
[11239]con why INFO: FILE
[11241]TO: PRIOR
[11242]HAGUE. RONES
[11243]SANTIAGO+
[11244]RYGAT FUONEN FUORACLE
[11245]REF: OLRECTOR 4bS7b8
[11246]bs FOLLOWING OF IN
[11247]2. ACCORDING UASHI
[11249]io es
[11251]cue wes race nese mene ds mUeOEe
[11253]DIRECTOR WLLALO
[11254]tp wore OlsSEM Ot
[11255]ce EAL, 1 esmors
[11256]pH O assusnta PER
[11258]1 weraes
[11260]RITY BRASILTAs HNEXICO CITY» CARACAS » NONTEVIDEO » TOKYO s THE
[11261]BONN, HAMBURG PARIS. LCPIPIT, LONDON AHERN INFO
[11263]poc. MICRO. SER.
[11265]HOV 1 1973
[11267]MICROK 1LMED
[11269]TEREST AS FOLLOW-UP To REF
[11271]NGTON POST L2 OCTOBER, THE “OLTTERNESS | OE-
[11273]CUBA AND CHILE ERUPTED INTO A BATTLE OF
[11275]TUCEN THE GOVERNMENTS OF
[11277]QOSERITIES AND THREATS L
[11278]GENERAL ASSEMBLY. | AT HE
[11279]NINESTER’ RAUL ROA CALLED
[11280]WHORE." AND. ANOTHER CUSA
[11282]3. "DISPUTE BEGAN
[11284]IN GENERAL DEBATE CARLIE
[11286]MILITARY JUNTA. CHILEAN AMBASSADOR RAUL BAZAN DAVIL
[11287]ne SESSION TO EXERCISE HIS RIGHT OF REPLY’, PeBAZAN
[11289]DURING THE NIGHT-TI
[11291]INSISTED THAT LATE PRESIDENT SALVADO
[11293]SAID 'CASTROISH" MUST TAKE A LARGE PART OF THE BLAME +] HEAD *
[11295]AST NIGHT. DISRUPTING A LATE SESSION OF THE
[11296]IGHT OF THE DISTURBANCE: CUBAN FOREIGN
[11298]THE CHILEAN REPRESENTATIVE A sony? OF AU
[11300]N DIPLOMAT REPORTEDLY DISPLAYED A PISTOL.
[11301]WHEN ROA DEVOTED MORE THAN HALF OF HIS SPEEC
[11303]R IN THE DAY TO AN ATTACK ON THE NEU CHILEAN
[11304]A roe et PODTUN
[11306]R ALLENDE HAD ConnITTEED SYICIDE
[11308]AND
[11309]DATE: \- a?
[11311]unit: lLen/h..-C7
[11313]_ pom ~/>
[11314]D 157 53 — [3-7
[11315]feed. ‘D Cr vf | 7 2 ere. 4
[11316]PEE Atte GPP Me Coad NAtue coeceee a AUT HEN ated once
[11317]Craneec ates "REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE 15 PROWOITEO — E 2 IMPDET
[11319]secret
[11321]cL BY: 5755
[11323]H
[11325]it
[11327]7 y¥
[11328]Cf
[11330]“4
[11332]y
[11334]- §2-
[11336]73
[11338]Se ee ee me te ee ae eR CC CC
[11339]- ny
[11343]14-0000
[11345]one o o- ao 9 dO 0
[11347]“SECRET
[11349]ULTH CHILEA 1 COUP, BUT ADDED THAT CHILEANS KE
[11350]RO HIMSELF HAD® AS HIS DAILY PASTINEs THE |
[11354]GUTGOING MESSAGE
[11356]Ae COMPETE OT
[11357]aoe a ae ms
[11359]AW Te tad
[11361]Bare ek en tN Te ste time oprUP ene weetace mepenerne muuaee
[11363]fae . U woes OIDSEM OF:
[11364]CONF: mro: FILE 9
[11365]. 2 ‘ : , od tO B ,
[11366]. OU rerunnsy PUR
[11367]DO wenes
[11369]MITTED AND REGRETTED AN OFFICIAL FIGURE OF SS\ DEATHS IN CONNECTION
[11371]SPECTED HUMAN LUFEs
[11373]WHILE ‘Li CUGAs FIDEL CAST
[11375]WATCHING OF EXECUTIONS BEFGRE THE FIRING SQUAd YALL 4 TO WHICH HE
[11377]EVEN INVITED SOME OF THE DIPLOMATS+--'
[11379]y. "AT THAT POINT ROA ROSE FROM HIS SEAT AND DASHED DOUN THE
[11380]AISLE TOWARD THE ROSTRUIMs SHOUTING "FAG"
[11381]INSULTS AT GAZANs IM SPANISH. OTHER CUBANS FOLLOWED HIM. NICARAGUAN
[11382]SEATED It FRONT NEAR ROSTRUN» ROSE TO BLOCK THE CUBANS-
[11384]&B DIFLOMNAT UHO WAS THERE
[11386]DELEGATION»
[11387]OTHER LATINS FLOCKED TO FRONT OF THE HALL-
[11389]SAID A CULAN SHOWED HE WAS CARRYING A PISTOL IN A CONFRONTATION WITH
[11391]PARAGUAYAN AMBASSADOR FRANCISCO BARREIRO+ «+»
[11392]S. " U-tie GUARDS SUARMED 10 JHE ROSTRUA AND THE CUBANS DISPERSED.
[11394]ROA RESUMED HIS SEAT LATER. FIVE LATIN ANERTICANS CANE TO me ROSTRUM
[11396]LATER T0 CALL THE CUBANS "GANGSTERS’ AND CHALLENGED THE RIZUT oF A
[11398]DICTATORSHIP TO CRITICIZE THEIR GOVERNMENTS -
[11399]"HAS ONCE AGATH SUNK TO HIS USUAL LEVEL OF GUTTER
[11401]U.S» ANBASSADOR JOHN A-
[11403]SCALI SAID ROA
[11404]VULGARITY---THE OUTNODED VITUPERATION OF AN EARLIER ERA."
[11406]DATE:
[11407]ORIG:
[11408]UNIT?
[11413]cnoetnanng orecete - : © AUR ere rm CORCEM
[11415]GY OTHER MIAH THE ISSEING CHFICE isPoor 0S = oe IMPDET
[11416]wee, See TL SY: 957556
[11418]wereanns commen
[11420]SECRET
[11422]1oont OF A UHORE' AND OTHER
[11424]14-0000
[11428]DI NAL CE MIF RUDE OD:
[11430]aut ow ao 104 we
[11432]one oF oo 60 CU
[11434]aeasne cate
[11436]secret
[11438]We 98 G8 BONEN NG UE AOR pare pwueurule °
[11440]vo. L2L737Z
[11442]CONF: . \NrO; FILE
[11444]*REF ATTACHED:
[11446]pare: 12 OCTOBER 2973 Nate tu
[11448]omc: UILLTAM M. KENT? SHB
[11454]are
[11456]be FILED 15-Le-Say LS-Leu-S4. ca, IMPDET.A
[11458]wen sence orton s uDEe
[11460]HELaLD
[11462]O ners
[11463]Uno mee
[11465]Dwarven re
[11467]O wrasse
[11469]ys /2¥ “$2
[11471]Gi7704 AY:
[11473]PCR
[11475]e
[11477]+ Vida
[11479]ISA SS
[11481]de C/EUR 5 Lb. ) KE
[11482]Lease y EAS SEZ, Meds £ oe ALS
[11484]U fag oe cen cous nanee =
[11485]ease: so () REPRODUCTION GY OTHER THAN THE
[11486]SECR 0 t
[11490]ISSUING OFFICE tS Nadas
[11492]cL at:
[11494]“[MPOET
[11495]O5755b
[11499]14-0000
[11501]OUTGOING HESSAG
[11503]. Site COE URE DF :
[11504]aut cur . ae ten - =
[11505]Q Q-  U-
[11507]w
[11509]“NET '
[11511]Le RL ee Soblen TBs Solel od
[11513]5768
[11516]Bate. hwy spies
[11518]Mecsyz
[11520]“ly 0
[11521]COMF: (4,0, ura: FRE Oi SD) Wein local um moos
[11522]ile — LOM Yo oe . 0 oe
[11524]aaruento PER
[11526]yeaa vais : 1 .
[11527]' Peter) gy -
[11529]PRIORITY GRASILTIAs HEXECO CITY» CARACAS MONTEVIDEO» TOKYO.
[11531]TO:
[11533]THE HAGUE’ ROME. CONN. HANQURGs PARIS. LCPIPLT, LONDON QERN TFS
[11535]SANTIAGO. 0
[11536] RYDAT FUONEN FUSRACLE co \\
[11538]J. SINCE CHILEAN FOREIGN MINISTER'S APPEARANCE BEFORE UNGA HAS
[11539]RECCLVED LIMITED PRESS PLAY. BELIEVE .FOLLOUING MAY DE USEFUL TO
[11540]ADDRESSCES FOR BRIEFING LOCAL GOVERNMENT. HEDIA AND OTHER CONTACTS 7
[11541]WHO MAY GE INTERESTED IN CHILEAN SITUATION. MATERIAL IS LARGELY a
[11542]OVCRT, THEREFORE NO OBJECTION TO ETS USE BY PRESS ASSETS SO LONG
[11544]AS STORY ROT PAS sed OR USED VEROATIN. a ; , \
[11545]a ON FT OCTOBER CHILEAN FOREIGN MINISTER VICE - ADMIRAL TSNAEL
[11547]ce
[11549]HUERTA APPEARED FOR ONE AUD ONE~ HALF HOUR PRESENTATION BEFORE -UNGA
[11550]TO EXPLAIN CFACTS WHICH ~ORLIGED ARMED. FORCES AND POLICE TO TAKE
[11552]CCHTECL OF THE GOVERNMENT and TO ESTADLISH A REGING OF NATIONAL :
[11553]; . . i
[11554]RESTORATION, AND TO CHARGE THAT HIS GOVERNMENT HAD GECONE VICTIM :
[11556]OF A "HOST FALSE. MOST MALEVOLENT. MOST VICIOUS AND VER
[11558]\: can “ey,
[11559]ORCHESTRATED CAMPAIGN.” .
[11560]ye
[11561]3. HUERTA'S SPEECH STRESSED THAT nue pin REGINE HAD
[11562]OATE:; ' . ¥.
[11564]UNIT: _ ; ; i? - 2:
[11565]EXT: ot ae oo. ;
[11566]; a whe EA poet 73
[11567]D- /5-/24- 53° rs “| ; 1. ¥- 724-5:
[11568]Ar sauna osncee . midranid orewane et BUM ENTE ATG CFPCER an)
[11569]Saas ture ange REPRODUCTION GY OLHEM THAT INT ISSUING OFFICE 19 PRONISITED — 2 IMPOET
[11571]7 CU BY: qs2ssh
[11573]SE€cRET
[11575]14700000
[11577]- OUTGOING MESSAGE
[11580]i
[11582]Bk CONTA MOR OMT . ra = a _ eee
[11583]ane co ace - 108 a ‘ : rane oe panne
[11585]onF O aq 66ashtl a. a , 2
[11586]s ce ¢C R E tT . ene PUTER a)
[11587]: : 0 inone DISEM OF:
[11588]cone: INFO: FILE ' DO no moss :
[11589]| UES US O nsuanro PER
[11590]po Downe &
[11592]BEEN STEERING COUNTRY It DIRECTION OF A TOTAL ITARTAH TAKEOVER
[11593]TUSTIGATED AND SUPPORTED LARGELY GY CUBAS THAT CUBA INTERVENED IN
[11594]CHILEAN INTERNAL AFFAIRS WHILE SECRETLY INFILTRATING ARMSs
[11595]INSTRUCTORS AND PERSONNEL FOR PARAMILITARY GROUPS! INTENDED TO BECONE
[11596]A "PARALLELTARNY TO OPPOSE ARMED FORCES’ THAT CHILEAN MILITARY ACTED
[11597]ONLY AFTER FAILURE OF ALL OTHER EFFORTS BY PARLIANENTs JUDICIARY s
[11598]PROFESSIONALS AND WORKERS TO BLOCK DRIFT TOUARD CIVIL WAR “AND CHAOSs
[11599]HE STRESSED THAT HIS GOVT IS NOT POLITICALLY ANGITIOUS AND ITS GOAL -
[11600]IS TO SET CHILE BACK ON ITS HISTORIC PATHS AFTER GOAL ACHIEVED» "WE
[11601]WILL NOT HESITATE TO RETURN TO OUR BARRACKS AND TO OUR SHIPS.”
[11603]4G. HUERTA ACKNOWLEDGED THAT ALLENDE REGIME, THE FIRST ELECTED |
[11604]MARXIST GOVT IN WESTERN HEMISPEHEREs HAD AROUSED ENTHUSIASN IN
[11605]MANY, BUT "IT IS ONE THING, GENTLEMEN, TO EVALUATE A FOREIGN
[11606]EXPERIENCE FROM. AFAR. SEATED IN COMFORTABLE ARNCHAIRS OR IN DISCUSSION
[11607]AROUND A WELL-SERVED TABLE. IT IS QUITE ANOTHER TO LIVE IT." HE DE-
[11608]TAILED A HISTORY OF EVENTS OF LAST THREE YEARS, POINTING ouT THAT
[11609]DESPITE AGREENENTS BY ALLENDE REGINE. LATTER NOVED TO UNDERMINE
[11610]EXISTING JUDICIAL AND POLITICAL MACHINERY OF COUNTRY». ATTEMPTING DO
[11612]DATE:
[11613]ORIG:
[11614]UNIT:
[11615]EXT:
[11617]Care atns orercee Scoonatarpe of cens “ . AUTHENTICATING OFFER
[11618]C1Ast carom - REPROOUCTIC TY OF HE TAN THis ISSUING CFFICE IS PREA™ Ra) E 2 IMPOET
[11619]cer lee . i CL BY: pe acce
[11621]SECRET
[11623]14.90000
[11625]AUAY WITH BEMGCRATIC IDEALS FOR WHICH COUNTRY STOOD. HE SAID NEDIA
[11628]POLITICANS Ai: VILLAGERS VERE ASSASSINATED. HE CHARGED THAT
[11630]OF ART AND SOE DISGUISED AS GIFTS FROM FIDEL CASTRO.
[11632]OUTGOING» “NicESARE Es
[11634]BIGnAL CEMTEMUSROMLT
[11635]aaa oa ace 109 toe ane
[11638]SECRET . . ;
[11639]. PIR Soa Man OL ed Ow ems Bate-rimg GROUP cue Masbace Reranqrera sumaEe
[11640]7 ee , oS ' O  mrea DISSEM BY:
[11641]CONF: WFO; FALE ; . OB namore -
[11642]: Yu Tue OD ance PER
[11643]Owens #
[11645]WAS HARASSED, THERE WERE TLLEGAL INDUSTRIAL AND AGRARIAN TAKEOVERS 4
[11647]FOREIGN AGENTS. SENT PRINCIPALLY BY CUBA, HAD SECRETLY BROUGHT
[11648]ENOUGH UEAPGNS TO CHILE TO EQUIP 20,000 MEN. HE DECLARED THAT
[11649]SOVIET-NADE STDEARMS, MACHINE GUNS, ANTITAUNK GUNS ROCKET LAUNCHERS 5
[11650]CAHHONS AND EXPLOSIVES HAD SEEN SHIPPED IN -- SOME PACKED AS WORKS
[11652]5. AT ONE POINT, TO SUPPORT CLAIM OF CUBAN INVOLVE NENT. HUERTA
[11653]READ TEXT OF 29 JULY 1972 HAND- URITTEN LETTER FRON CASTRO ADDRESSED
[11654]TO "DEAR SALYADOR.7 LETTER ASSURED ALLENDE THAT CHILEAN UORKING
[11655]CLASS HAD 6EEN FOREUARNED AND WAS "READY FOR ACTION" IF HIS REGINE
[11656]WERE THREATENED. HUERTA SAID THAT LETTER CLEARLY DENONSTRATED -
[11657]CUBA'S INTERVENTION IN CHILEAN POLITICS AND HER SUPPORT OF THE
[11659]"ILLEGAL METHODS” OF THE ALLENDE REGINE-
[11660]be IN VITRIOLIC REPLY TO HUERTA, CUBAN FOREIGN NINISTER RAUL
[11661]ROA CALLED HUERTA "TRAITOROUS EX-NINISTER OF ALLENDE AND SERGEANT OF
[11663]GOEBBLES." SIMILAR LIES AND DISTORTIONS OF FACT CAN BE FOUND IN
[11665]DATE:
[11667]UNIT:
[11668]ENT:
[11669](yy 774
[11670]ATLE ANG OOF RED COORMNaTINd OFF ETE BUTE NTC ATi OFF ER .
[11671]Ceaser anos REPRODUCTION BY ONLI THAN TIE ISSUING OFFICE Is PROMIBITED E 2 IMPDET
[11673]CL BY: 1... .
[11677]52
[11679]14-00000
[11681]omf o ao 0 a a 9 oe
[11683]aa AT ALLENDE'S REQUEST» NOR DID ROA DENY THE AUTHENTICITY OF CASTRO'S
[11685]OUTGOING MESSAGE .-
[11687]BIGNAL CONTEM USE ONL —
[11689]ace co acr too we eno enna
[11691]CLASS Cano
[11693]SECRET
[11695]A888 POPE RENCE rete
[11697]m4 93.8C8 HANDLING INDIE RFOR CATE. Tim GAOUP cre
[11698]: ae os So, O wos | -OISSEM BY:
[11699]CONF: . (NFO: = FILE . . .
[11700]: . , > ' g 0  nwree
[11701]y G 3 vic DO nswenso PER
[11702]O on re 4
[11704]HISTORY OF-HASI GERMANY. HE DECLARED. THEN, SURPRISINGLY. HE WENT
[11705]ON TO GIVE SUBSTANCE TO HUERTA'S CHARGES BY ADMITTING THAT CUBAN
[11706]CUNS HAD IN FACT BEEN SENT InTO CHILE BUT THAT THEY HAD BEEN SENT
[11708]LETTER TO ALLENDE WHICH HUERTA HAD PRODUCED’ ROA SAID THAT THE ?
[11709]LETTER WAS NO SECRET.
[11710]9. FILE: 435-224-524 1S- L2y-53., E2 IMPDET.
[11711]e ‘
[11712]a w 4 dl
[11714]pare: ~=s- 4, OCTOGER LAVAL, Ne
[11715]ORIG: = -UTLETAM ft. KENT: SM8
[11716]UNIT: ADC/UH/6. sic\ th
[11717]Ext: ; bSSb/IL8S ee Jor . ves we? 7” .
[11718]C “ ra SA See
[11719]\._ .e7EuRL 3 how tan of oe
[11720]C/UNDdeeaaaty ENS -waterey EASUK/Y “Bue ‘cfia7e
[11721]weceasns « Sev Jeol Fnstne Sorcams “2 mente tod OF CEA
[11722]cua caren Uv REPRODUCTI IY OTHER THAN Theé 1SSUtEG JFFIGE He Pro l E 2 taPOET
[11723]vests - CL BY: go75Sb
[11725]SECRET
[11726]7
[11730]" a a sr re rr caren
[11732]14-0000
[11734]"pate: Ua SEPTEMBER LA7Zh |
[11736](IPRA ene me oe
[11738]ory oO -Oo oO af ao .a
[11739]SECRET . ‘ a cecteenwcecearn ”
[11741]STAFF . LOLssaz—~ | DIRECTOR usbao3.
[11743]cone er INFO: FILE ets O0d€ 20 4
[11745]et es ofesieas “I
[11747]OD wens :
[11748]TO: PRIORITY. SANTIAGO. :
[11750]AYGAT FUOMEN
[11751]REFS? Ae >. SANTIAGO abuad [itn oaseal
[11752]8. SANTIAGO e@bSl2 Irn o31722!
[11754]PROPOSE USE REFS FOR FUOHEN. PLEASE ADVISE CONCUSSENCE AND
[11756]3.
[11758]CAVEATS +
[11759]2. FILE: 4S-124-S2. £2, INPDET+d
[11761]‘REFS ATTACHED.”
[11764]onic: “. UTLLIAM M. KENT:SHS
[11765]UNIT: ADC/UH/b
[11767]EXT: bSE5/94 455
[11769]*, i ye
[11770]edb F Var “alt: wy
[11771]at
[11772]v Ses, gectosiuatennine
[11774]ciate vets AEPRODUCTION BY OTRER THAN THE ISSUING OFFIZE IS PROWIGITND
[11777]oisseM ar lS
[11780]14.90000
[11782]ORYPE Eee WORD ALIA 10 1a GIy PEK ita tee Au Hl
[11783]“as tone» Lee eee, eee EA ee
[11785]Lhd susan teerren'ting pon WO Atata” 1 Fe tt
[11786]~ "+ QUTGOING MESSAGE | — TLE .
[11787]. soma conten use ome : 3 > — ~ 7 ;
[11789]Secrer. : . . a :
[11790]ig RbOar MANORS wemcaron . . , Oates Hwee Cee cre . WESEAGE PE CE HE HCE een :
[11791]- STAFF’ _.,  MababRZ  -  pTRECTOR = 4S4S8? ‘
[11792]cow id nro: Fe wh / os 8, p/se¥, osche2, oissem ay: ZO
[11793]Oram = eh CEP. Orsfat, Abo, am
[11795]O ences
[11797]TO: IMMEDIATE ARGENTINA, LA PAZ. GRASILIAy BOGOTA, SAN JOSEs
[11798]SANTO DOMINGO, QUITO. MIAMI, GUATEMALA CITY, GEORGETOWN, PORT AU
[11800]PRINCEs TEGUCIGALPA. KINGGSTON, MEXICO CITYs MANAGUA PANAMA CITY>
[11801]ASUNCION, LIMA, SAN SALVADOR, PORT AU SPAIN, MBONTEVIDEO, CARACAS
[11803]INFO PRIORITY SANTIAGO. ¢
[11805]BOOUK CABLE
[11807]FUOMEN cugmaty 4¢ Con? Evuacgs .
[11808]1- FOLLOWING IS FOR YOUR BACKGROUND AND FOR PASSING LOCA
[11810]. AUTHORITIES AS YOU SEE FIT:
[11812]2. FOUR-MAN MILITARY JUNTA THAT REVOLTED. AGAINST MARXIST RE-
[11814]GIME OF SALVADOR ALLENDE ON LL SEPTEMBER HAS GAINED FULL CONTROL OF ©
[11816]THE COUNTRY WITH EXCEPTION OF POCKETS OF RESISTANCE IN CAPITAL- ON
[11818]L2 SEPT THERE WAS FIBGHTING IN DOWNTOWN SANTIAGO BETWEEN TBSROOPS AND
[11820]SNIPERS HOLED UP IN GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS AND IN INDUSTRIAL AREAS WHERE
[11822]i
[11824]ALLENDE SUPPORTERS WERE BARRICADED IN FACTORIES. SPORADIC FIRING AND |
[11825]ANB NIGHT
[11827]EXPLOSIONS WERE HEARD THROUGHOUT DAY, BUT STRICT CURFEW KEPT OBSERVERS |
[11829]|
[11833]|
[11835]FROM WITNESSING ACTION. CURFEW EXTENDED TO NOON 13 SEPT.
[11837]3. AUTHORITIES ESTIMATED DEATH TOLL TO BE OVER 250 MILITARY
[11839]DATE: id
[11840]ORIG:
[11841]UNIT:
[11843]oO [RECORD COPY | IS-BA-S&
[11844]; ; (3960 78
[11846]CoosDma rng Comcees . ' AuTHE WNC ANG OF CER
[11848]REPRODUCTION OY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED E 2 WAPDET
[11849]CL BY: nese
[11851]MCL eatine OFMCER
[11853]crasswicaton
[11855]14-0000
[11857]BIUNAL CMTE USE ONLY
[11858]ane ww ace 10° ™ A ad
[11860]on go o§ Qo 6 Oo @ . oo . a
[11862]BY LY SEPTEMBER. -
[11864]SHIP.
[11866]Laser a nose
[11868]SECRET | . :
[11869]waeaaae ean tee Pe ATCO Onte. ree GReeD ee weseace mente eYUROEe
[11871]CONF: INFO: rue : . DISSEM BY:
[11872]‘ " : . . A :
[11873]O wscan Qa ed Oe : [SH S37
[11875]0 werenco
[11877]pen #0
[11879]O vena
[11881]AND CIVILIANS: THEY EXPECTESD TO ELIMINATE LAST POCKETS RESISTANCE
[11883]3. JUNTA~ CONTROLLED RADIO STATIONS AND ONE TV ) STATION
[11885]OPERATING- PUBLIC UTILITIES ARE FUNCTIONING NORMALLY NEUSPAPERS
[11887]PLANNED RESBUNE LIMITED EDITIONS 23 SEPT BUT ARE SUSJECT To CENSOR=
[11889]ye JUNTA ANNOUNCED THAT PRESIDENT ALLENDE COMMITTED SUICIDE
[11891]“IN LA NONEDA AND TROOPS ENTERING THE BUILDING FOUND HIS BODY IN A
[11893]| DINING ROOM.
[11895]S. JUNTA TV PROGRAM SHOZED LARGE QUANTITIES OF SOVIET MADE
[11897]“AUTOMATIC WEAPONS COLLECTED at La NMONEDA AND AT ALLENDE RESIDENCE
[11899]ON TOMAS MORO STREET AFTER FIGHTING.
[11903]b. JUNTA PRESIDED “OVER SY GEN. AUGUSTO PINOCHET CARNY}+ AN
[11904]YNTELLIGENT. PROFESSTONAL OFFICER WITH NO KNOWN POLITICAL TIES3
[11905]‘ADMIRAL JOSE MERINO {NAVY} 4 ‘UHS IS INCLBINED TOWARDS NATIONAL PARTY
[11906]“CCONSTERVATIVE}5 GEN GUSTAVO LEIGH {AIR FORCE}. A STRONG LEADER
[11907]uHo FORMER SUPPORTER, "RADICAL PASTY AND KNOUN TO DISLIKE CHRISTIAN
[11909]‘DEMOCRATBS$ AND GENBERAL CESAR MENDOZA, {CARABINERO CHIEF} WHO HAS
[11910]. ..
[11916]° - ed
[11918].
[11921]we
[11922]ane eaves OrecEG PENNA. COMERS :
[11924]OUTGOING MESSAGE 1 :
[11925]|
[11927]-egtus
[11929]io. E-2 iPbET:
[11930]CL PES? SSE ~
[11932]ote 00
[11934]REPROOUCT....- “ay OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE is PR.
[11936]Chae <a teaee”
[11938]SECRET ln.
[11940]14-0000
[11942]OUTGOING MESSAGE
[11944]CINMAL CRUIER USE OME
[11945]aoe cn aur rae we woo
[11947]onF oO -9¢ ao. 09 0 0
[11950]* s
[11952]SECRET | .
[11953]WE RRACE RNIN OO POON AID are tie Caer one 19980298 BAPE HEN Ee VEE
[11955]- OISSEM OY:
[11957]. ys see Per. #
[11959]CONF: inFO; FILE
[11961]O mors 0 womore
[11962]Q wetURNTO oe
[11964]O vense
[11966]CLOSE TIES TO MILITARY AND APPARENTLY HELPED PLAN COUP.
[11967]. 7. JUNTA NAMED FOLLOUZIG CABINET 12 SEPT! |
[11968]| ATWISTER OF THTERIOR - MAU GEN OSCAR BONGILLA CARMY?.
[11969]WHO SERVED AS PRESIDENT FREI'S SENIOR MILITAGRY AIDE FOR
[11970]‘TWO YEARS.
[11971]MINISTER OF FGREIGN RELATIONS - REAR ADMIRAL ISMAEL
[11972]HUERTA {NAVY}, HIGHLY RESPECTED IN NAVY AND ONE OF
[11973]INTELLECTUAL LEADERS OF CouP. |
[11974]MINISTER OF ECONOMY - MAJ GEN ROLANDO GONZALEZ CARTY}.
[11975]REPORTED TO BE A U-P- SUPPORTER ADOUT 1972.
[11976]MINISTER’ OF EDUCATION - JOSE NAVARRO TOBARy A
[11977]CIVILIAN BIOLOGY AND-BOTANY PROFESSOR OF UNKNOWN POLITICS-
[11978]MINISTER OF JUSTICE - GONZALO PRIETO GANDARAs CIVILIAN
[11979]LAUyYER. 7 7
[11980]MINISTER OF DEFENSE - VICE ADM. PATRICIO CARVAJAL»
[11981]FORMERLY CHIEF OF HATIONAL DEFENSE BSTAFF. REPORTED
[11982]INVOLVED IN ANTI-GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES AS EARLY AS 14973-
[11983]MINISTER OF PUELIC UORKS AND TRANSPORTATION - BRIG
[11985]DATE: .
[11987]ORIG:
[11988]UNIT:
[11989]Ext:
[11991]COO st eg OFPTERY AUTHa whee ates O8OCER
[11993]REPRODUCTION GY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED = 2 IMPDET
[11994]CL BY:
[11997]oe oi)
[11999]custvcanon
[12001]SECRET
[12003]|
[12004]|
[12008]14-0000
[12010]POPE OM LT Ca .
[12012]OUTGOING MESSAGE
[12014]Oresssa
[12016]BAHAR CENTER USE OFLT
[12017]roe als | ted
[12019]ous eu ace
[12021]OMF QO it] G 0 i] it]
[12025]SECRET: ; - ; . ;
[12026]. woe BAAS BAN CK wernt Oe pate-1ue QAOUP ene mestnad mesa saree mumnen .
[12030]: ren Ysyse7] - pea___ 4
[12032]O wwes 0 adie
[12034]Qa Ph, ee .
[12035]Q wrnes -
[12036]GEN SERGIO FIGUEROA TAIR FORCE}. REPORTED IN £4 ALY Va2e
[12037]TO BE AMONG ANTI-U-P- AIR FORCE COLONELS. ,
[12038]MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE - COL SERGIO CRESPO. (net. AIR
[12040]FORCE}. AGRICULTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEER.
[12041]NINISTER OF LABOR - GEN MARIO MACKAY {CARAGINEROSY
[12043]ANTI-U.P- OFFICER NAMED IN JULY AS COMMANDER IN CONCEP
[12045]CION.
[12046]NINISTER ‘OF PUBLIC HEALTH ~ COL ALBERTO SPOERER {AIR
[12048]FORCE}. FORMER CIVILIAN SURGEAON DESCRIBED AS HARD
[12050]WORKER.
[12051]MINISTER OF MINING - GEN ARTURO YOVANE “{CARABINEROS} »
[12053]WHO WAS SCHEDULDED TO BE RETIRED BY ALLENDE IN AUGUST»
[12055]CLOSE TO MILITARY-
[12056]MINISTER OF HOUSING - BRIG GEN ARTURO VIVERO> HARD-
[12058]YORKING STAFF OFFICER WHOSE PERFORMANCE UNDER PRESSURE
[12060]SOMEUHAT WEAK.
[12061]SECRETARY GENERAL OF GOVERNMENT - COL PEDRO EYING
[12064]“CARTY? 5 DESCRIBED AS INTELLIGENT. PATRIOTIC, Conus
[12066]Dave: |
[12067]ORIG:
[12068]UNIT:
[12070]eed tg OF CED CoseDmatne Orecent . eve aurn Aes rscar eed "obeices , ee
[12071]caanocanon REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE 1S PREWSNED E 2 y IMPDFT
[12072]sreRrr? . . CL BY: - 057556
[12076]14-00000
[12078]> OUTGOING. MESSAGE
[12080]DIGNAL COATS L9Gd OLE .
[12081]aoe cor as too 108 wap
[12083]one O 0 1) 0 a oO
[12085]Cussetatoe .
[12088]SECRET.
[12090]RSENS E MANO 00 IO AIOD are ee OtOuF - ome MAthaod RESeAbat se wOEe
[12091]CONF: . invO: “FILE . . bIssem ar:
[12092]O wore OF nomose ° ; : . uo se7 pee
[12093]0 wervento ‘ . .
[12094]0 wrnee
[12096]| UNDERSECRETARY, OF INTERIOR = LTW COL ENRIQUE NONTERO
[12097]{AIR FORCE} FORMER LEGAL OFFICER IN AIR FORCE. a
[12098]RINISTER OF LAHDE AND COLONIZATION - GEN DIEGO PARRA
[12099]RETIPES CARABINERO OFFICER, ON WHOM LITTLE IS KNOWN.
[12100]-WINISTER OF FINANCE - REAR ADM LORENZO ORTUZARs
[12101]LITTLE XNOUN OFFICER. , 7
[12103]&. JUNTA HAS BROKEN RELATIBONS YITH CUBA AND WILL PROBABLY BBB
[12104]QREAK WITH OTHER SOVIET BLOC STATES. IT WILL PROBADLY ENDEAVOR 8
[12105]STRENGTHEN TRADETIGNALLY FRIENDLY TIES WITH U.S. AND SEEK AID AND:
[12107]DEBT RELIEF FOR INTERIM.
[12109]9. JUNTA WILL PROBADLY DECLARE COMMUNIST, SOCIALIST. AND SMALL.
[12110]LEFTIST PARTIES Suca AS MIR ILLEGAL AND DISSOLVE CUT LAGOR CONFEDERA-
[12111]TION. THEY DO Nor PLAN WORK WITH POLITICAL PARTIES ‘BUaT MAY CONSULT
[12112]WITH THEM. THE CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY IS EXPECTED To EXPRESS
[12113]SUPPORT FOR THE JUNTA AS IS THE OTHER MAJOR OPPOSITION POLITICAL ;
[12114]GROUP, NATIONAL PARTY. STRIGKING TRUCKERS AND PROFESSIONAL GUILDS
[12116]HAVE EXPRESSED. SATISFACTION WITH COUP AND CALLED OFF STRIKE. -
[12118]10. FILE: 3£5-124-S2. E @. IMPDET.A
[12119]13 SEPTEMBER 12973 :
[12120]UILLIAN CLYONE 7 DSO
[12121]C/UH/b/RRE
[12122]7710/1069
[12123]roc! Qe =
[12125]CO0RNoee rang C88E Be “Auteemtcalina seen |
[12127]OATE:
[12128]ORIG:
[12129]UNIT:
[12133]BALE ABne OF PTED
[12135]ceateocaron REPROQUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITEO §=— Eo IMPOET
[12136]ceeceer . © Ck BYE gs75sh
[12138]oe
[12140]14-00000
[12142]_ STAFF
[12144]Ou TGOING, MESSAGE 2 yr ie
[12146]A aaa
[12147]piomayerntenuat om -
[12148]ace con ace toe - 0. a ~
[12150]onF ¢€ . O a 0 a 1]
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[12153], oo
[12155]SECRET
[12157]6 Senusret, Hrd OT ATOM
[12159]oa t8. 1-08 me cre me behad MEPE NE tele UOEM
[12167]mranio PER |
[12168]. H
[12170]cor UU TS INFO: FILE 1M / EVAY,, S55
[12174]wee
[12175]i
[12177]TO: FANGURG INFO SANTIAGO+ BONN+¥ re
[12178]FUONES PSYCH CASPECIAL ¥
[12181]REF? AANGhaG 2759 {IN 225631) ¥
[12182]de AT THIS POINT DO HOT CELIEVE OXHERALD ATTENPT IMPROVE
[12183]T_IMPROV
[12185]CHILES INAGE IN_GERNAN — MEDIA STANDS MUCH CHANCE OF SUCCESS-
[12187]a .
[12189]PREFER
[12191]LET BINIGRATION CAMPAIGN RU! ITS COURSE. BYERS 2279 WE WOULD BE
[12193]WILLERG SUPPLY SPECIAL BRIEF DESIGNED TO INFLUENCE CAREFULLY SELECTED
[12195]IIDIVEDUALS WHO ARE OPEN TO PERSUASION AND
[12196]BKHERALD SHOULD CNGAGE IN GENERAL
[12198]UHOSE VIEUS WOULD CARRY
[12200]REAL WEIGHT, BUT WE DO NOT FEEL
[12202]PROPZGANDA SUPPORT OF CHILEAN REGINE SINCE LATTER APPROACH BOTH
[12204]INEFFECTUAL AND NIGHT WELL BACKFIRE-¥
[12205]@- FILE? 45-L24-4b/3- €2 INPDET-d J
[12207]| RECORD COPY | \ ole jee 12d FR
[12209]DATE:
[12210]* 44 APRIL 1974 E/G/U / uy a4
[12211]ORG: KEITH GARDINER=NO v A, 7 Ape t:
[12212]* DC/UH/S NC.
[12213]Ot ES St/9LSS OC/UH/ 2.4. J kh : j
[12214]3, ry lh
[12215]Reoreeot few rah
[12216]RIMHICA 2 oo C/UH
[12218]anh LEUR, 00h stony OFF Fy banrcenms comers
[12219]oasewcanon REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS prowaiteo |? E 2 IMPOEC
[12220]SECRET CL BY: 9575Sb
[12222]DIRECTOR S40eka 2
[12224]= ni en ness meena es magmas oo oo
[12225]7 see semen mere epee en tne eg eee
[12226]; * 2% o
[12228]14-0000
[12231]. a . é
[12232]. * OFAl COP! COPIES oF
[12233]REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN
[12235]CAGLE 9EC 01998 Be Ed 1, ner te
[12236]| . S Ec RE : ; : ISSUING OPPICKE 19 PRONIGITED
[12240]—ARYANGE COP’ Ceeene vs ae LAL. -—
[12241]VR uit
[12244]FILE
[12245]AGTION ne anh blanc, o
[12246]——T 857629 —— Pace 2 IN 225831
[12247]TORt171326Z APR74 0 HAMB 24759
[12249]cn a
[12251]$ £02 € T 1712532 APR 74 STAFF
[12252]CITE HAMBURG 24759
[12253]To: OIRECTOR INFO BONN, SANTIAGO,
[12255]FUOMEN rae CaSPECTAL
[12256]1s cHIC'S IMAGE AS REFLECTED IN WEST GERMAN MEDIA COMMEN@
[12258]TARIES HAS REACHED ALL=TIME LOW AND EVEN CONSERVATIVELY INCLINED
[12260]“NO LONGER BOTHER TO TELL "THE OTHER SIDE."
[12261]RUMP TRE OF ANTI@CHILEAN
[12263]OUTLETS SY aND LARGEs
[12264]EASTERI Fbo10 STATIONS MAINTAIN RELENTLESS i)
[12265]PROPAGANSA AND THEPE NO APPARENT DEARTH OF INFO TO SUSTAIN
[12267]RATHER EFFECTIVE DENIGRATION CAMPAIGNe
[12269]— 2, 1m SPITE OF DISMAL AUSPICES TO TURN TIDE, (UNLESS JUNTA
[12270]. . pEcibes TO SHOK SOME DECENT REGARD FOR OPINIONS OF MANKIND) » WE
[12271]CAN STILL PROMOTE FAIRER UNDERSTANDING OF IMPERATIVES OF CHILEAN
[12272]; SITUATION TO WHICH JUNTA APPARENTLY FEELS IMPELLED TO RESPOND.
[12273]1 TOWARD THAT END. RECUIRE SOME TYPE OF OBNECTIVE spoRn sy OF
[12274]= PECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND OF PREDICTABLE TRENDS. — :
[12275]_
[12277]' 3, FILE DEFER, E2 IMPOET. Cc un
[12279]‘ oe
[12280]- ' ; : .
[12281]~ . secret ee
[12282]1 { ba .
[12284]14-0000
[12286]CAOLE Sec OSsEM OVSLS___prn ™ TOTAL cous JP — Fo”
[12288]SECRE a ale’ eX sr UING OFFICE 1B PROMIBITED
[12289]PERSON UMIT NOTHIED. “. Hi
[12291]—-ALYANSE SOPY 'SSUEO/S,OTTED
[12293]of a GEM PAGE O1*91~ ; IN 982779
[12294]: po VSS.
[12295]TOR!0421402 APR 73 SaGo 24516"
[12296]I romedazn eat ape 73 $n 20S
[12298]S$ EC RET 9421182 APR 73 STAFF
[12300]CITE SANTIAGO 24516
[12301]TOr PRIORITY DIRECTOR,
[12303](c a8 =) |
[12305]REFS! A; SANTIAGO 24477
[12307]8, DIRECTOR 391223
[12308]1. IN VIEW OF THE POSSIBLE REPERCUSSIONS Rer a {NFO IF UT
[12310]WERE SURFACED GR IF IT CAPE TO THE ATTENTION OF THE U.P,
[12312]GOVERNMENT, “STATION RECOMMENDS AGAINST FUOMEN ExPL OI TATION
[12314]AT THIS TIME, =e :
[12315]2. FILE! 156426052, €2 IMPDET
[12317]RECORD COPY
[12318]“secrer
[12320]Ut at Eee en eee
[12322]14-0000
[12324]Fr
[12326]AGTION Yrut
[12328]. . . eae ane eo oan - °
[12329]/ : a toy . tM nm
[12330]. . zo fay = s Nae
[12331]CAOLE SEC DISSEM BY. Cd < e wn TOTAL CORI S Ce SN By *
[12332]ne REPROOUCTION BY OTHER THAN
[12333]: 3 ECR fotos a: 'S8U.NG OFFICE 18 FRONIDITED
[12334]PERSON/UNIT NOTIFIED - —_ —. a eee.
[12336]ADVANCE COPY issuED. : ees) 3
[12337]: (TH i 2 FeRe Fes
[12339]hake
[12341]ACTION #
[12343]T 627566 PAGE #1 SSOSCSC~C~SOTT EES com)
[12344]2417172 JAN N74 {- SAGO- 27899
[12346]S&C RE 7 161550¢ YAN 74 aTAFF ee a
[12348]CITE SANTIAGO 27899
[12350](TOS DIRECTOR, PARIS, HELS{iK!, BONN; TOKYO, LONION,
[12352]-RYDAT FUUMEN
[12354]52
[12356]REF? “DIRECTOR 499469 -7°
[12358]1, WISH To ‘OFFER FoLLoaTaoeusuesteD CHANGES IN REF
[12360]WHICH GASED ON LATEST INFS AVATLABLE LOCALLY. PARA 31
[12362]".,.CENTRAL BANK DEVALUED tHE EXCULG FON IMPGRTS/EXPORTS BY
[12363]SLIGHTLY OVER 420 PERCENT Iw an EFFUAT T9 CURS IM?Q8T DEMAND,
[12364]ENCGUAAGE EXPCRTS ANU EASE PHESSURES,..H .OTsER PRICE RISES
[12365]GROUSHT INFLATION FOR THE Year ™) 5¢6 PERCENT..." (FOR DIRECTOR:
[12366]WHILE PREVIOUS ESTIMATES SY BUT EMBASSY AND IMF IN NOVEMBER
[12367]PLACES INFLATION FOR THE Keaa at PRUDABLY JESTNEEN F350 AND see
[12368]PERCENT. ThE END@GF="HEXYEAH FIGURE OF THE NATIONAL STATISTICAL me
[12369]INSTITUTE WAS Soe.t SES SANTIACS EMBASSY TELEGRAM e173 =
[12370]OF 12 SJAKUARY,) ,
[12372]2. PARA & LAST SENTENCE SHuULD READ "THE MASSIVE 3,5
[12373]PILUTGN GoLi aR FuREION vedt. 2.7 PASSA 7! UMONTALY COPPER
[12374]PRULUCTIGN HAS ALREADY INGASASEE MORE TmAN 36 PERCENT OVER
[12375]THE AVERAGE DUNING THe FlaoT NINE MGNIMS OF 1973 ANS PRadUC
[12379]| RECORD COPY |
[12382]14-0000
[12384]CAULE BAC O1OSEM BY
[12386]; REPROOUC FIOM BT OTHER THAN
[12387]Pa so Joe! ©
[12388]>ecAaen OBUING GFFICE 10 FROHIDITED
[12390]PERBON/UNET NOTIFIEO__
[12392]—-ARYANCE COPY IS: WEDZSLOLYEQ OY ne
[12393]ACTION UNIT . 7
[12395]“1 357548 a Bae be-ee
[12396]TOAELGL7A7E CAN 74 SAGO 27899
[12398]a
[12400]Wu PROGAdMLY REACH A REVORY OF AT LEAST 853,280 TONS JN 1974455"
[12402]3, WO FILE, e€2 [4PDET
[12404]: lee \ os 2
[12405]i . - - ‘. td “
[12406]i . wee . : vo dl
[12407]' : . “ a 2 2 2%
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[12414]14-00000
[12420]- OUTGOING MESSAGE
[12422]e MIGNAL CENTIA USE ONLY 2 a S!
[12423]oWF o oOo o @ a 6 1
[12424]SECRET. oe . :
[12425]STAFF “LMMASAZ, DIRECTOR WYMbF |
[12426]conr.C. fu. AE we. FIL Vn fe ue aw é hy) Yo a ne OISSEM BY: s.
[12427]“bss cl eslegcs a Bs pee
[12430]TO! PARIS, HELSINKI. BONN, TOKYO. LONDOH INFO SANTIAGO.
[12432]_ RYBAT FUOMEN
[12433]Lb. FOLLOWING SUNNARY OF POLITICAL AND ECCNONEC SITUATION IN
[12435]CHILE AT BEGINNING OF 1974 NAY BE USEFUL FOR ORAL BRIEFINGS OF LOCAL
[12437]STIPULATION NO FURTHER EXPLOITATION.
[12438]2. THE OUTLOOK FOR CHILE IS CAUTIOUSLY oPTINISTIC.
[12440]MILITARY GOVERNMENT HAS AVOIDED MAJOR INTERNAL CONFLICTS \
[12442]NOVED AGGRESSIVELY TO "REORGANICE GOVERNMENT AGELCTES NOR Leilf
[12443]EFFICIENTLY, TO CREATE, AN APOLITICAL CIVIL SERVICES AND TO connect
[12444]THE EXCESSES OF NEARLY THREE YEARS OF DECAPITALIZATION UNDER STATE
[12445]SOCIALISM. ITS ECONOMIC PROGRAMS, ALTHOUGH AUSTERE. ARE SOUND AND
[12446]OFFER A FIRM FOUNDATION FOR RECOVERY AND GROY UTH OF THE CHILEAN
[12447]ECoNOTiY. THE STRICT SECURITY NEASURES ADOPTED sy THE JUNTA HAVE
[12448]BEEN SUCCESSFUL. IN PREVENTING ANY LARGE-SCALE, VIOLENCE OR TERRORISH
[12449]AND ARE LIKELY TO 8E CONTINUED FOR THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE.
[12451]3. THE JUNTA MOVED @UICKLY AFTER THE cou? OF 32 SEPTENSER TO
[12453]RENOVE PRICE CONTROLS ON ALL GUT 30 BASIC conte 3ITIES. UHILE THE
[12455]DATE:
[12457]om en 74
[12458]RECORD COPY 1S ~/2F-9AR
[12460]CORON ATG OFF CERES aime mc ate OFFER
[12462]REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE tS PRONTITED E 2 WMIPOET
[12465]BoLeating OF rcee
[12467]U8. acetone
[12469]ceceracecfTt
[12471]14-0000
[12473]. IMPORT DENAND AND EASE PRESSURES ON. TH
[12475]“SECRET
[12477]OUTGOING MESSAGE aos i ea ci
[12478], . ee Ke
[12480]SlGreAL CONTE UDE OME . ~ oe
[12481]tue we weg wane o Pauee
[12483]act to ae
[12485]owe oo Oo o§ G a <a
[12487]Uae anon
[12489]SECRET
[12490]Mt BF AGE HANDED mac aree pate rma anor . . one Ee Ras MEP E RENCE nvese®
[12491]STAFF DIRECTOR ‘
[12492], ; O moss OISSEM DY
[12493]conf: . IPO: FILe ‘ . . 0 somuse .
[12495]0 munsro PER
[12497]: i : uot. A999 , DO wens #4 ;
[12498]CENTRAL BANK DEVALUED THE ESCUDO BY SOME bO% TN AN EFFORT TO CURB
[12500]E CGUNTRY'S MEAGER FOREIGN |
[12501]EXCHANGE RESERVES. AS A RESULT» CHILE'S COST OF LIVING JUMPED 44%
[12503]IN OCTOBER, AND OTHER PRICE RISES PUSHED INFLATION TO SOME 2704
[12505]FOR THE YEAR-
[12506]Ye THE JUNTA HAS NOW AGREED TO FOLLOY THE STABILIZATION
[12508]3
[12509]PROGRAN PROPOSED. BY AN IMF TEAT WHICH VISITED CHILE IN LATE LV?A-
[12510]THIS PROGRAM CALLS FOR TIGHTER FEDERAL SPENDING AND FOR LIMITING
[12512]INELATION TO L00%-IN 3974. THIS IMF PROGRAM IS FEASIOLE BUT MAY .
[12514]BE SONECUHAT OVER-OPTINISTICs ESPECIALLY SINCE THE WORLD-UIDE ENERGY
[12515]CRISIS UILL SOON FORCE CHILE TC RAISE FUEL PRICES. THUS EXACCER-
[12516]BATING THE PROBLEM OF CONTROLLING INFLATION. ADHERENCE TO THE IMF
[12517]“PROPOSAL HAS. HOWEVER. IMPROVED CHILE'S CCREDIT RATING, AS HAS THE
[12518]SIGNING OF A BILATERAL AGREEMENT WITH THE WHITED STATES ON CHILE'S
[12519]Li7i-1972 DEBT. CHILE IS THUS IN A RELATIVELY GOOD POSITION FOR
[12520]THE OPENING OF THE PARIS CLUB TALKS IN FEBRUARY. THE NASSIVE $4
[12521]BILLION DOLLAR FOREIGH DEBT» HOUEVERs WILL CAUSE CHILE BALANCE OF
[12523]BALANCE-OF~PAYMENTS PROBLEMS FOR Sone TINE.
[12525]DATE:
[12527]ORIG:
[12528]UNIT;
[12529]_ EXT:-
[12530]wove @ e o so ~
[12531]~ . o ° - ~
[12532]. ardasing OPER COG NAG OFFERS ’ vee * sarmtnrt ARs bee Tea 7
[12533]: - ° - - os +e
[12534]‘5 Shared Aten REPRODUCTION B..-THER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IT PRONIDITW— =o op ~P-FORT
[12536]oe GL By; GS755b
[12538]14-0000
[12540]OUTGOING sw.0iSSAGE
[12542]BONAL CEATER USE OLE - wt - awe as
[12543]age coe ace wa iad no CT
[12545]ONF OC a 0 0 a) 0 : 3
[12546]SECRET
[12547]PEPIN rt : DATE. tee OROVP cwe ee d808 CAPE REC UE
[12548]STAFF DIRECTOR
[12549]> : . O mors OISSEM BY:
[12550]; conf: INFO: FILE . OD mance
[12551]O  astuento PER
[12555]7. -COPPER PRODUCTION HAS ALREADY INCREASED MORE THAN SO%
[12557]OVER. LAST YEAR'S LEVEL AND. PRODUCTION WILL PROBAGLY REACH A RECORD
[12558]250,000 TONS IN 197% DESPITE SPORADIC SHORTAGES OF SPARE PARTS AND “
[12559]SERVICEABLE VEHICLES. FARM OUTPUT HOWEVER, IS NOT EXPECTED TO
[12560]RECOVER FULLY UNTIL THE 1424/75 HARVEST SO THAT AGRICULTURAL
[12561]INPORTS, PARTICULARLY GRAIN. WELL CONTINUE TO BE A DRAIN ON CHILE'S
[12563]FOREIGN RESERVES a
[12565]&. THE JUNTA HAS DEMONSTRATED GOOD FAITH IN THE TREATHENT OF
[12567]FOREIGN EQUITY AND HAS LINED UP SUFFICIENT FORELGH CREDITS TO
[12568]ENAOLE IT TO PURCHASE CAPITAL GOODS AND FINANCE THE CURRENT .PAY- °°
[12569]NENTS GAP.’ THE GOVERNMENT HAS ALSO UNDERTAKEN TO SETTLE OUT
[12570]STANDING COMPENSATION CLAIMS ENANATING FROM ALLENDE NATIONALTZA~
[12571]TIONS, STATING THAT IT WILL EIVHER RETURN INTERVENED FIRNS TO THE
[12572]PRIVATE SECTOR» OR AS Iii THE CASE OF LARGE COPPER MINES. ADEQUATELY
[12573]COMPENSATE PREVIOUS OUNERS. FORMER PKIVATE BANKS WILL ALSO BE
[12574]RETURNED TO THEIR FORMER OUNERS. BUT PRODAULY UITH SONE FORMULA
[12575]INVOLVING WORKER PARTICIPATION IN DAK MANAGEMENT. THERE ARE ALSO
[12576]STRONG INDICATIONS OF RENEUED INVESTOR CONFILENCEs AND PRIVATE
[12578]DATE; .
[12580]ORIG:
[12582]UNIT:
[12583]EXT;
[12585]Ae yeatorg Oven CONS NAENG OFC EOE aut ATC ANNA OFFICES
[12587]sete arom REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROWIDIEO = 2 PMIPNET
[12589]SECRET . CL sy: 057556
[12591]14-0000
[12593]Steen be ome ca ee ee eens a ee ON cee ae Ht met ene re ee ee eee mee Oe ee
[12594]—— pons ee pee nett
[12596]OUTGOING MESSAGE ate ee oe Cee
[12598]: . |
[12599]ee bee nee fae fs fe 4
[12600]MOMAL CONTE VOR OE | ee ab. al hs
[12602]vot a rear
[12604]aoe cua aus 129 cr?) ond
[12606]onF o © 0 i] a G 4
[12607]SECRET .
[12609]71708 ANT IG MOC ATOR COtd 11098 Ghd . . one MEBEAGE OF 76 rE, VEER
[12610]STAFF, - . DIRECTOR . :
[12612]” O woes DISSE BYs
[12613]CONF: INFO: FILE - ; D ncwoes ”
[12614]: OD aseuwro PER
[12615]4 17467 ; Oo owenss #-
[12617]FOREIGN INVESTMENT IM CHILE 15 E“PECTED TO Rou SUGSTANTIALLY SURING
[12618]1974.
[12619]4 INTERNALLY> THE ELIMINATION OF PRIZE CONTROLS AND AbJUST-_
[12620]MENT OF EXCHANGE RATE HAS PRACTICALLY ELINIUATED THE ONCE FLOURISH-
[12621]ING OLACK MARKETS IN COMMODITIES AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE. HOUEYER's THE
[12622]BURDEN OF AUSTERITY Of CHILEAN CONSUMERS HAZ ZEEN HEAVY. DESPITE
[12623]HEALTHY INCREASES .IN UAGES AND FENEVED CONFIDENCE BY BUSINESSMEN,
[12624]VORKING CLASS CONSUMERS FIND IT DIFFICULT 70 AFFORD THE BAREST 3
[12625]NECESSITIES» AND WORKING CLASS LABOR IS TAKING A WAIT AND SEE
[12626]ATTITUDE» THERE IS+ HOUEVER, #29 ORGANIZED FESIETANCE TO THE JUNTA
[12628]OR ITS PROGRAMS. SOME POLITIC/L FACTIONSs PARTICULARLY THE
[12630]CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY {PDC} ARE GRUMELING. BUT THIS wget
[12631]FACTION IS LARGELY DUE TO GOVERMENT EFFORTS TO SET UP NEU NOH
[12632]POLITICAL-PARTY MECHANISMS FOR EACHING THE PUBLIC.
[12634]10. GOVERNMENT "RECESSING” OF CONGRESS AND ALL POLITICAL:
[12636]PARTIES HAS CREATED A POLITICAL YACUUN IN CHILE. THE GOVERISENT »
[12637]WITCH HOLDS THE POLITICAL PARTIES LARGELY RESFONSIGLE FOR CHILE'S
[12638]CURRENT PLIGHT» IS TRYING TO FILL THIS VOID EY AN INTENSE USE OF:
[12640]DATE:
[12644]units
[12646]EXT;
[12648]i ; woe ee “+e -
[12649]: - ° - - + .
[12651]foo ALaatne OFFcen cOcen aseny conan Tagim atcatene eee to
[12652]stassewanom REPRODUCTION Ge UTHER THA THE ISSUING OFTICL 1. FRDNTEO OB OZ IPDET
[12654]“RE CRET CL BY: G5?55b
[12656]14-0000
[12658]BAe lw name ete ee eee cn eee on eat a mee ara a te semen cmmbee Teas aoe as ase =o .
[12661]OUTGOING  ISSAGE
[12663]. SIONAL CENTER USE ONLY -
[12664]age cue ace roe we "ad
[12666]“"——OnF Q o .o a 0 H) : s
[12667]SecrR E T .
[12668]EER k HARING eC AIR oara nee anqur cs ESEsEE OOP Pate muuosa
[12669]- STAFF DIRECTOR
[12670]. . O woes OISSEM BY:
[12671]CONF: a INFO: FILE O wo mors :
[12672]: ; : O nsrunnte PER
[12674]499469 Oocmi  #
[12676]_ CIVILIAN ADVISERS TO ASSIST THE GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES. THIS
[12678]PHENONENON IS NOST APPARENT IN THE AREAS OF ECONOMIC POLICY AND IN
[12679]SUCH TECHNICAL FIELDS AS PUBLIC HEALTH AND HOUSING. THE LIPORTANCE
[12680]OF THE GROUP OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS HEADED OY RAUL SAEZ. FOR EXAMPLE
[12682]IS weit KNOWN» THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH HAS AH ADVISORY BOARD
[12684]DOONINATED BY THE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, WHILE THE NINISTRY OF
[12685]HOUSING' S BOARD Is LARGELY CONTROLLED BY THE ORGANIZATION REPRESENT
[12687]ING PRIVATE ‘CONSTRUCTION FIRNS- SIMILARLY» ALNOST EVERY HINISTRY:
[12689]AND NANY AUTONOMOUS AGENCIES. HAVE PERMANENT CIVILIAN ADVISORY
[12690]BOARDS COMPOSED OF REPRESENTATIVES OF GROUPS WHOSE WELFARE IS
[12692]AFFECTED BY THE AGENCY'S ACTIVITIES.
[12693]“ybe IN ADDITION TO THESE CIVILIAN ADVISORY BOARDS. THERE ARE A
[12695]LARGE NUMBER OF "STUDY COMMISSIONS" THROUGH UHICH CIVILTANS CAN
[12697]EXERT THEIR INFLUENCE- BEST KNOUN OF THESE IS THE GROUP te INTER@
[12699]NATIONAL LAWYERS WHICH IS DRAFTING A HEU CONSTITUTION, SUT THERE
[12700]ARE OTHER GROUPS WORKING ON A NEU MINING CODE. STUDYING THE EDUCA~
[12701]TIONAL SEYSTEN, COLLECTING INFORNATION ON OU; MEDTMPLOYMENT 4 URITING A
[12702]STATUTE FOR YORKER PARTICIPATION IN QUSINESS ENTERPRISES» AND
[12704]Of Te:
[12705]ORIG:
[12706]UNIT:
[12709]COMMON ANS OFFERS AUTH NIT ANG OF ECE ®
[12711]REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE 1S PROHIBITCO — 2 NIPDET
[12712]; CL BY: e 3(55b6
[12714]erasing Oreten
[12716]Cuan ecaronm
[12718]SECRET
[12721]14-00000
[12723]\ OUTGOING MESSAGE
[12725]SIGNAL CE ATE USE ONLY
[12726]age cor ae tae tre
[12728]wad
[12730]one fo. a i) 1) 0 o , b
[12731]SECRET
[12733]or eaese manDLna MD atae GATE-TreE OROUP . cre me Seace REFERENCE UEOED
[12734]STAFF DIRECTOR a
[12736]i ; 2 O won OISSEM BY:
[12737]| CONF: INFO: - FILE 0 newer : .
[12738]\ _ . Q sanvento PER
[12739]oo 6 ;
[12741]AGIYULD — 0 emu #
[12743]be LYING INTO A DOZEN OTHER TOPICS:
[12744]12. ALTHOUGH SOME CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS: HOLD INFLUENTIAL GOVERN-
[12746]KENT POSITIONS, MOST CIVILIAN ADVISERS ARE EITHER CONSERVATIVE OR .
[12747]APOLITICAL- LACK OF MORE UIDESPREAD PARTICIPATION BY CHRISTIAN
[12748]DENOCRATS MAY CREATE PROGLENS FOR THE GOVERNMENT IN THE FUTURE,
[12749]“ESPECIALLY SINCE ORGANIZATIONS REPRESENTING WORKERS 1 CANPESTNOS-
[12751]AND POBLADORES {WHICH FORMERLY SUPPORTED EITHER THE CHRISTIAN
[12752]PEMOCRATIC PARTY {PDC} OR THE ALLENDE GOVERNMENT} ARE 50 FAR
[12753]INADEQUATELY REPRESENTED ON ADVISORY COUNCILS- THE GOVERNMENT HAS
[12754]ESTABLISHED UNITS ADDRESSED TO YOUTHS YOMEN GUILDS AND NEIGHEOR-
[12755]HOOD CIVIC GROUPS IN THE SECRETARIAT GENERAL OF GOVERNMENT 9 AND
[12756]HOPES THAT THESE BILL SERVE AS VEHICLES FOR GOVERNNENT-TO-PEOPLE
[12758]COMMUNICATION.
[12759]33. THE JUNTA LEADERS VIEW WITH DISTRUST ALL PDC EFFORTS TO
[12761]WIN NEU POLITICAL ADHERENTS FROM THE WORKING CLASSES UNICH FORNERLY
[12762]SUPPORTED ALLENDE'S UP COALITION AND REPORTEDLY BELIEVE THAT THE
[12763]PDC IS NOT RESPECTING THE POLITICAL RECESS- THE JUNTA IS
[12764]PARTICULARLY CONCERNED BY THE POSSIGILITY THAT THE ppoc'S LEFT UING
[12766]DATE:
[12767]ORIG:
[12768]UNIT:
[12771]weve s ° -~ -
[12772]le ° - ~ «+ -
[12773]i a teeer -
[12774]‘ . mele Ate OFFCEO Coos ATAR OFF EAS - 2 Bora ato. or cean +
[12777]; ean REPRODUCTION DY OTHER THAN THE SUING OFFICT "5 opemyteD | GR PDTT
[12779]Chae are
[12781]i ‘
[12782]4 SEcRET . . cL bY: AS?SSh
[12784]14-0000
[12786]fe BIGNAL CONTE SUSE OMT . . - 5
[12787]ms ona wane
[12789]aud co ace ray uno
[12791]a :
[12792]SECRET a ,
[12793]rey ad wocaton pared OROUP ene aR SAGE WET EAANTE Ce deateal
[12794], STAAFE a . DIRECTOR Lo
[12797]:  scryesra PER
[12799]: 97967 © Downe ff
[12800]BILL AID THE FORMER UP PARTIES IN RETURN FOR FUTURE ELECTORAL
[12801]SUPPORT >
[12803]Ly. ONE PROSLEN OF NAUOR CONCERN TO THE JUNTA IS THE POSSIBILITY
[12804]THAT PERU MAY ATTACK CHILE SOME TIME PRIOR TO LIPT THE 100TH
[12805]ANNIVERSARY OF THE WAR BETUEEN CHILE AND PERU: IN ORDER TO REGAIN
[12806]Sone OF THE TERRITORY Lost IN THAT WAR. THE CHILEANS ARE WORRIED BY
[12807]THE SOVIET SALE of ARS TO PERU AND FEAR THAT THE USSR HAY BE TRY-|
[12808]ING TO CREATE ANOTHER UNSTASLETMIDDLE EAST Type” OF CLIMATE IN
[12809]LATIN ANERICA- ;
[12811]us. THE JUNTA IS aLso CONCERNED BY COMMUNIST EFFORTS TO CREATE
[12813]INTERNAL DISCONTENT ana TO Mount AN INTERNAL RESISTANCE HOVENENT -
[12815]THE JUNTA EXPECTS THAT THE FORUER UP PARTIES» LED BY THE COMMUNISTS
[12817]WILL SET UP A UNIFIED FRONT FOR CAUSING CIVILIAN DISTURBANCES AND
[12818]POLITICAL DISCONTENT» AND YILL TRY 70 HANIPULATE THE PDC INTO
[12819]OPPOSING THE JUNTA GOVERNHENT. THO FRONTS FoR CHILEAN RESISTANCE
[12820]ARE BEING ORGANIZED IN ARGENTINA AnD SEVERAL ARE BEING SET UP IN
[12821]EUROPE. 7
[12822]Uh. - DESPITE THE FROSLENS NOTED AGOVEs quik wunTA GOVERNTIENT IS
[12824]DATE:
[12826]ORIG:
[12827]UNIT:
[12828]EXT:
[12830]mass OrFicen COO TIS coreeat uit ety Se OT oorcin
[12831]eine REPRODUCTION SY OTHE? THAN THE issuins orice Is PeemMHTED EZ IMPDET
[12833]cr cRET CL BY: 057556
[12836]14.90000
[12838]OUTGOING MESSAGE FS A 4 NS SO '
[12839]SIGNAL CENTER USE ONLY : : fs Le
[12840]om o 8 Oo QO @ a0 ; 8 8
[12841]SECRET oe
[12842]ESTAOE MARELING wT oats me orour + ceive MESSAGE REFEREE MEeER
[12843]STAFF oo DIRECTOR
[12844]. so ; mo oe : O moe OISSEM BY?
[12845]CONF: INFO: FILE Dna noee
[12847]sttusnta PER
[12851]IN FIRM COUTROL_IN CHILE AND, HAS MADE INPRESSIVE PROGRESS IN
[12852]REORGANIZING THE GOVERNMENT AND IN EtLISTING PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR
[12853]SITS PROGRAMS. PROSPECTS FOR ECOHOMIC RECOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT ARE
[12854]THE BEST UHICH COULD REASONASLY BE EXPECTED FROM A COUNTRY. UHOSE
[12856]ENTIRE ECONOMY WAS A SHAMBLES IN SEPTENBER 1973." |...
[12857]oL?- FILE? US-beu-Se. Eas IMPDET-d
[12859]OaTe: 40 JANUARY 4974
[12860]OMG: JEANNE LINTONZLSS ;
[12861]UNIT: C/UH/L/SA : UN/EICO - emu, KENT {IN DRAFT}
[12863]7 PN E60 1L0649,-
[12864]coN i Lb
[12865]C/U .
[12866]NN 7) 4 (Sto incre ra _ 4 ih
[12867]—t cite ~~ - EAS IK/ I -f 9 Mery fo Ve
[12868]7 Seatemcaron REPRODUCTION B 9 vine ay THE ISSUING OFFICE” SARC UBER “- i - edeT
[12870]|
[12871]t -
[12872]i Y SECRET
[12874]14.90000
[12878]ve .
[12879]sae or ace \a Pe. .
[12881]OnF oc i) o QO Ga. 3.
[12883]SECRET :
[12885]$90 69496 MamOUme mOCATOR en WhNsee REF COE tee
[12887]STAFF DIRECTOR. - 487650 oo.
[12888]conr: WHE ,, INFO: FILE Eung, SSS 4 an oIssem OY: RS
[12891]I At
[12892]. mt : jo
[12893]TO: HAMBURG INFO BONN, SANTIAGO.
[12894]FUOMEN CASPECIAL CAFECET jo
[12895]REF? HAMBURG 23881 [IN 056923] ae
[12896]lyin i
[12898]D . —_
[12899]1. FOLLOWING ANALYSIS OF CHILEAN. ECONOMIC SITUATION AND OF x
[12900]SS RAE COMONTC SITUATION AND OF RISK
[12902]FACTORS INVOLVED IN MAKING INVESTMENTS IN CHILE PREPARED FOR PASSAGE
[12903]cE SES TENTS IN CHILE
[12904]TO HERMES BANK PER REF PARA 1 REQUEST. ©
[12906]A. THE RULING JUNTA IN CHILE I3 MOVING AGGRESSIVELY To
[12907]REBUILD THE ECONOMY BY ADOPTING A HARSH AUSTERITY PROGRAM AND IN-
[12908]STITUTING POLICIES DESIGNED To RETURN CHILE TO A MARKET ECONONY.
[12909]_ 8. SANTIAGO MOVED QUICKLY AFTER THE Coup TO REMOVE PRICE.
[12911]CONTROLS ON ALL BUT 30 BASIC ConmopIties, WHILE THE CENTRAL BANK
[12913]EFFECTIVELY DEVALUED THE ESCUDO BY SOME bO% IN.AN EFFORT TO CURB
[12914]IMPORT DEMAND AND EASE PRESSURES ON SANTIAGO'S MEAGER FOREIGN EX-
[12915]CHANGE RESERVHES. AS A RESULT, CHILE'S cos? OF LIVING JUMPED 88%
[12916]IN OCTOBER. BRINGING INFLATION TO NEARLY 450% FOR THE FIRST TEN MONTHS
[12917]OF THE YEAR- ANTICIPATED PRICE RISES DURING THE REST OF 1973 IS Ex-
[12918]PECTED TO PUSH INFLATION TO SonE 750% FOR THE YEAR.
[12920]C. THE ELIMINATION OF PRICE CONTROLS AND ADJUSTMENT OF
[12922]OATE:
[12924]ORIG:
[12926]vat © ON RECS
[12927]eEeARN CADY | 19 ~fvee ~ KD
[12928]|" RECORD COPY | (ce 4 2
[12930]tuum REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE Insome OFFICE 1S PROHIBITED a 2 IMPDET
[12932]S‘ECRET CL BY: O5755b
[12934]see ee,
[12936]Or ee ne ee
[12940]14-0000
[12942]EXCHANGE RATES HAS PRACTICALLY. ELIMINATED THE ONCE FLOURISHING BLACK
[12944]OUIGUING MEDALS — a
[12946]GIQNAL CENTER UE OMLE
[12948]OMF O Qo a 0 0. G 2
[12949]CLABSUOT ATOR .
[12950]SECRET
[12951]wasssee Marae LATOR Gere. nesgerne ore mE earee OPENER Ee UNSER
[12952]ne ome noes pissem BY:
[12953]COMP; - INFO: 18 . .
[12954]' : : af D mums -- +
[12955]43 SGIO D severe PER
[12956], O wens a '
[12958]MARKETS IN COMMODITIES AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE. WHILE EXCHANGE RATES
[12960]CHANGED AND PRICES ROSE. THE GROYTH IN THE MONEY SUPPLY HAS BEEN
[12961]SHARPLY CURTAILED, CAUSING A RELATIVE SCARCITY OF LOCAL CURRENCY AND
[12962]A LIQUIDITY CRUNCH FOR BUSINESSMEN. Oo
[12964]“L7-De “THE BURDEN ON CONSUMERS HAS BEEN HEAVY. DESPITE A
[12965]HEALTHY INCREASE IN THE MINIMUM UAGE, WORKING CLASS CONSUMERS ARE
[12967]FINDING It INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT TO AFFORD THE OAREST NECESSITIES. ©
[12969]AUSTERITY HAS BEEN EXACERBATED IN ANY CASES BY DISMISSALS OF
[12971]RELATIVELY UNPRODUCTIVE AND POLITICALLY SUSPECT EMPLOYEES HIRED
[12973]UNDER THE ALLENDE REGIME. AN UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION PROGRAM HAS
[12975]BEEN ANNOUNCED AND AN EXTENSIVE PUBLIC VORKS PROGRAM IS UNDER CON-
[12976]SIDERATION- .
[12978]E. THE JUNTA IS ATTEMPTING TO ENLIST PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR
[12979]THE AUSTERITY PROGRAM AND BUSINESS IS SHOWING RENEUED CONFIDENCE.
[12980]CONSUMERS AND LABOR. HOUEVER, ARE TAKING A UAIT-AND-SEE ATTITUDE. NO
[12981]ORGANIZED RESISTANCE TO THE JUNTA.OR ITS PROGRAMS HAS MATERIALIZED»
[12982]EVEN THOUGH SOME POLITICAL FACTIONS ARE GRUMBLING AND PREDICTING .
[12984]OATE:
[12985]ORIG:
[12986]UNIT:
[12989]. : .
[12990]pease orecae . T ernaneme 2 aan : , * 3 auTmenta shee OFmcee
[12991]~ cAneecahom + meproouc BY oTnes Tras TSE ISSUING OFFICE IS PRC ITED —E 2 _IMPOET
[12992]: - cu BY: 057556
[12994]SIE CRET
[12996]we : ae . .
[12997]. ane e006 . » tb? ene ns
[12998]_ ° - . Cee - °
[12999]Buns crnteaue Ww . a = @ Fmd e, ~
[13000]roe . . rues o Paeas
[13003]: ae to ace rc ry
[13005]ono 69 Ole
[13009]SECRET
[13011]FAILURE FOR THE JUNTA.
[13012]F. CHILE STILL FACES LARGE BALANCE-OF- PAYMENTS DEFICITS
[13014]Oate-tws ome - ena WORE nas ogee Come EERE
[13016]wee OISSEM BY:
[13017]no wees
[13018]arvero §6PER
[13022]wore of
[13024]IN BOTH 1973 AND 1974 EVEN IF DEBT- REPAYMENTS ARE RESCHEDULED IN BOTH
[13026]YEARS. UITH A MASSIVE ey BILLION FOREIGN DEBT HANGING OVER SANTIAGO'S
[13028]HEAD, IT VILL AT LEAST BE SEVERAL YEARS BEFORE CHILE'S BALANCE-OF-
[13029]PAYMENTS POSITION IMPROVES SIGNIFICANTLY. _
[13030]G- HOWEVER, COPPER PRODUCTION HAS ALREADY INCREASED MORE
[13032]“THAN 50% ABOVE LAST YEAR'S LEVEL AS A RESULT OF A 49% LENGTHENING OF
[13034]THE WORK WEEK AND IMPROVED MINE MANAGEMENT. PRODUCTION WILL PROBABLY
[13036]REACH A RECORD 750,000 _TONS NEXT YEAR DESPITE CONTINUING SHORTAGES OF
[13038]. SPARE PARTS AND SERVICE ABLE VEHICLES.
[13039]H. AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS CONTINUE ‘To BE THE LARGEST DRATN
[13041]ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND THE RECOVERY OF. DOMESTIC PRODUCTION Is A
[13043]PRIORITY OBJECTIVE OF THE JUNTA. FARM OUTPUT, HOWEVER, Is NoT EX-
[13045]PECTED TO FULLY RECOVER UNTIL THE 1974/75 HARVEST SINCE HOST CROPS
[13046]ALREADY ARE PLANTED AND ARE WELL INTO THEIR GROWING SEASONS. THUS,
[13048]CHILE WILL CONTINUE To IMPORT GRAIN IN LARGE QUANTITIES DURING 1974.
[13049]I. ALTHOUGH THE PROBLEMS oF ADEQUATE SHORT RUN SUPPLIES
[13051]OATE;
[13053]ORIG:
[13055]UNIT:
[13057]ExT: . : . .
[13058]e
[13060]COORDMAIS OFF cens AVTet TiCaAtIRe COP ER
[13062]REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE: 1s PRONIBITED — 2 IMPDET
[13064]CL BY: qcassh
[13066]Aa eAsine COMED
[13067]Cuassercarion
[13069]SECRET
[13071]rae Orr ANE Ae
[13073]14.90000
[13075]_ CLATAS EMANATING FROM THE ALLENDE NATIONALIZATIONS.
[13076]“STATED THAT IT WILL ELTHER RETURN INTERVENED FIRNS TO THE PRIVATE Ga
[13078]: a Sk
[13079]sonst canteaust ony ee CL (cl |
[13080]aes co ace toe - me way aace oF ramen
[13082]onr oO 69 ooo i ,
[13083]Sabon End arn eareneonove ene svssset varseun uses
[13084]cone: INFO; Fite - OD mone O1SSEM BY;
[13086]| WIEGO Or ven
[13088]- . . a
[13090]OF RAU MATERIALS AND SPARE PARTS nust BE SOLVED To sSoosT PRODUCTION
[13092]QUICKLY, LONG RUN GROUTH WILL DEPEND HEAVILY ON CHILE'S ABILITY TO
[13094]ATTRACT ADEQUATE FOREIGN INVESTMENT: ' ATTRACTION OF SUBSTANTIAL NEW--
[13096]RY ASTLITY A DEMONSTRATE GCoD
[13098]INVESTMENT VILL DEPEND ON THE JUNTA?
[13099]MIME ABILITY TO INSTILL DRE -
[13101]FAITH IN THE TREATNENT oF FOREIGN EQUITY AS.
[13103]CONFIDENCE IN CHILE'S PROSPECTS FoR STABLE RECOVERY AND GROUTH. A
[13105]CRITICAL FIRST STEP Is TIMELY SETTLEMENT OF OUTSTANDING COMPENSBATION
[13107]|
[13108]|
[13109]THE JUNTA HAS |
[13111]AS IN THE CASE OF THE LARGE COPPER MINES, ADEQUATELY .
[13113]SECTOR ‘ORs.
[13114]SOME 40 FIRMS ARE ALREADY IN THE
[13116]COMPENSATE THE PREVIOUS OUNERS.
[13118]PROCESS OF REVERSION.
[13119]Je THUS FAR THE JUNTA HAS SUCCEEDED IN LINING UP SUF-
[13121]FICIENT FOREIGN CREDITS TO. ENABLE IT TO PURCHASE ESSENTIAL CAPITAL
[13123]GOODS AND FINANCE THE CURRENT PAYMENTS GAP. IN pT TTONs THERE ARE
[13125]STRONG INDICATIONS OF RENEWED INVESTOR CONFICENE. AND PRIVATE FOR-
[13126]EIGN INVESTMENT IN CHILE IS EXPECTED TO GROW DRAMATICALLY DURING THE
[13128]Ts re .
[13130]NEXT le MONTHS.
[13132]DATE;
[13133]ORIG;
[13134]UNIT?
[13135]EXT:
[13137]ML ssn OFMCIe COCaOmaAtwa OF Megane . UTA NCarore OPTED
[13138]apeeincanoe REPRODUCTION BY OTHER*TRAN THE ISSUING NS OFF fre ts PROnisitto E 2 IMPDET
[13139]SE CR E.T 27" we ond cL BY: O57554
[13141]~ . i’
[13143]- -
[13148]“ el eee
[13150]14.90000
[13152]-. . . OUTGOING MESSAG
[13154]GIGMAL CENTER USE OMT
[13155]act cov ae 10 we. ‘ao
[13157]onF oO Qo a oO o6CUO  §
[13158]SECRET
[13159]MEODLOE MANDKING OLATOR . . Qeta Mes eROUr . om ~ ROCA SE RUPE RACE ey wOeR
[13160]| ° ne yp a D morn OISSEM BYs ;
[13161]CONF: INFO: e 7 4, TEAC OD wove: .
[13162]oo. wt c my, _” O serimre PER 7
[13163]a ; a O vena i: .
[13165]‘Ks THE ECONOHIC OUTLOOK FOR CHIBLE IS CAUTIOUSLY OPTI-.
[13166]MISTIC AS THE JUNTA TAKES STEPS TO CORRECT THE EXCESSES OF NEARLY
[13167]THREE YEARS OF DECAPITALIZATION UNDER STATE SOCIALISM. THE PROGRAMSs
[13169]THOUGH AUSTEREs ARE ECONOMICALLY SOUND AND OFFER A FIRM FOUNDATION
[13170]FOR RECOVERY AND GROUTH OF THE CHILEAN ECONOMY. THE MAJOR POLICY
[13171]CONFLICTS WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT APPEAR TO BE OVER THE DEGREE AND
[13172]TIMING OF SPECIFIC MEASURES RATHER THAN PROBLEMS OF BASIC POLICY
[13173]ORIENTATION. |
[13175]L. THE EMERGING DOMINANCE OF RAUL’ SAEZ AS SENLOR ECONOMIC
[13176]ADVISOR IS PROBABLY FOR THE BEST SINCE THE JUNTA'S. AUSTERITY PROGRAM
[13177]MUST BE TEMPERED IF POLITICAL-AS WELL AS ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND
[13178]STABILITY IS TO BE ACHIEVED. MEANUHILE. CHILE IS PREPARING TO
[13179]SETTLE OUTSTANDING COMPENSATION ISSUES AND COMPLETE @ILATERAL NE-
[13180]GOTIATIONS ON 1971/72 DEBT SERVICE IN ACCORD WITH THE 1972 PARIS
[13181]CLUS AGREEMENTS. TIMELY RESOLUTION OF THESE ISSUES WILL GO FAR
[13183]IN IMPROVING INVESTOR AND CREDITOR CONFI@DENCE IN CHILE-
[13184]3 2. FOLLOWING QUESTIONS SUGGESTED TO ELICIT HERNES' VIEWS
[13185]ON CHILE'S ECONOMIC PROSPECTS AS REQUESTED PARA 3 REF.
[13187]DAYE:
[13188]ORIG:
[13190]UNIT; . : _ __
[13191]. /5 a for Y- See
[13193]. $552.
[13195]8.828009 OFMCED COO ROWATING OF PCERD AUT HENTICaTg OFOCER
[13197]caasewscerion REPROOUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED = E 2 IMPOET
[13198]SECRET ; Ct BY: 057556
[13200]SEN Een RA ae a bs abn an OR ag topo Bs We ae Ut Ati re ETL nee Praedee Seder catthene emt eae oon
[13202]14.90000
[13206]OUTGOING MESSAGE
[13208]Or-ecen
[13210]BIOMAL COMTER UTE OMT
[13212]age co ae 100 1 aa
[13214]omf oO O§ 08 GO CG oO
[13216]Cass mcarion
[13218]SECRET
[13220]WEREADE MANCLLNG MOOT ATOR
[13224]CONF: nro; FIL
[13226]A.
[13228]HTEIO
[13230]HOW MUCH AND WHAT KINDS OF PRIVATE DIRECT FOREIGN IN-
[13234]D wee DISSEM BY:
[13235]0 0 moan
[13236]O ssrumito PER
[13238]0 wens &
[13240]VESTHENT FROM. GERMAN AND OTHER WEST. EUROPEAN SOURCES: 15 EXPECTED To
[13242]ENTER CHILE DURING NEXT 12 MONTHS?
[13243]8.
[13245]Ce
[13247]. “DO BANK OFFICIALS EXPECT SUBSTANTIAL PRIVATE -AND/OR
[13248]7 OFFICIAL GERMAN CREDITS TO BE EXTENDED TO CHILE DURING NEXT 12 HONTHS?
[13249]WHAT TYPES OF CREDITS WOULD THESE BE. I.E. BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
[13251]RELIEF, DEVELOPNENT ASSISTANCE, TIED AND UNTIED TRADE CREDITS?
[13252]DO BANK OFFICIALS SEE THE WIDESPREAD ADVERSE PUBLIC |
[13253]i
[13255]© REACTION IN EURCPE TO THE NEW CHILEAN GOVERNMENT AS: SIGNIFICANTLY
[13257]"AFFECTING FUTURE INVESTMENT AND AID DECISIONS FOR CHILE?
[13259]3.
[13261]BE OF INTEREST.
[13262]£2, IMPDET«d
[13264]4y. FILE? 15-L2b-S2.
[13266]SREF ATTACHED-
[13268]4Y DECEMBER 1473
[13270]‘ORIG: JEANNE LINTON; SMB
[13271]+ UNIT: C/WH/bB/SA ne |
[13272]EXT: . ype C/WH/b
[13273]a U,; g ’, C/E/G - —_—
[13274]Ge Wp it Ue ae ae
[13275]- Beene orrces CON atrmat om C-rC ER,
[13276]* ehdswmaton REPRODUC,..4 BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING SRESCE 1S PRO
[13278]SECRET
[13280]HERMES’ REACTION TO ANALYSIS AND RESPONSE TO QUESTIONS UTLL
[13282]Whee fh fg,
[13284]FL AC/WHD
[13286]: AUT Me CAG OFMCER
[13287]_Weo £2 IMPDET
[13288]~ CL BY0S755b
[13291]14.90000
[13293]Yo:
[13295]OUTGOLM¢
[13297]CT Re
[13299]- ou an) L
[13300]fk G RE tT :
[13301]STAFF 2th sat _ DIRECTOR | "459559 -
[13302]i Y, c OD ene mss et: 2
[13303]cone, Cf677'6 nro: me + li My CH / nn | er
[13304]c 6S ve, Qo nsruseie PER? -
[13305][ or? ,
[13307]PRIORITY CARACAS 4 LA PAZ1 QUITOr BOGOTA: NONTEYTDEG s BRASILING
[13309]NEXICO GIs “BUENOS AIRES 4 “GUATEHALA CITts SAN SALVADOR’
[13311]ct
[13313]HAWAGUA®
[13317]FOLLOWING INFO CLEARED FOR ORAL FUONEN ORIEF LUGS. STIPU~
[13318]CHILEAN CITLZEN RESIDING
[13320]1.
[13321]LATION NO FURTHER EXPLOLTATION. SOURCE:
[13323]TH LIMA.
[13325]as sue JECT: n98 SIBLE SUPPORT. BY | TIN ANERT XTCAN COMMUATST
[13327]PARTIES FOR fk RESISTANCE IN CHILE.
[13329]IT WAS SGUINSICATED IN AN EARLIER ORIEFTUG
[13332]{RIF} THAT SOVIET CONNUNIST PARTY OF PERU {PCP/SOVIET} INTENDED TO
[13334]SERVE AS A RECEPTION POINT FOR GUERRILLA FIGHTERS FROM OTHER
[13335]COUNTRIES WHO WOULD ENTER CHILE FROM PERU TO JOIN ANY RESISTANCE
[13337]MOVEMENT IN CHILE.
[13338]CP/SOVIET
[13340]WY. THE FIRST WORD OF CHLLEAT CGUP WAS RECEIVED BY PC
[13341]. che
[13342]FROM CHILEAN EMBASS’ IN LIMA. CENTRAL COMMITTEE canes “Ad ENERGENCY
[13343]MOETUNG WHEN IT APPEARED THAT EVENTS Tl CHILE DERE corn AGAINST
[13344]Cas . . £
[13345]Waits: . bate boot _— .
[13346]EAM: a Ie po 2S Sep >
[13347]F | twaleeeFye yy"
[13349]anteentice tine Once me
[13350]PBPOET
[13351]By: AS7S55b
[13353]CON are bbe,
[13354]REPRODUCTION BY OTHEN TAIL THE ISSUING GFFICE tS PROKIUTED E 2
[13356]“Ye Re TO =
[13357]. el.
[13359]lee ass Opecem
[13361]14-0000
[13363]SUTGCOING MESSAGE
[13365]TIN AL CP aAde use OMe
[13366]net ee we ren ree, omy
[13368]y i) a Qo. a
[13370]WON RACE mera me ne
[13372]STAFF ; . DIRECTOR aq ovat oy
[13374]. - . . woes Ion :
[13375]cor : a INFO: ” FILE | oe ae . US15 5) Dns a | _
[13376]| ALLENIE REGIME.  UHILE WAITING FOR INSTRUCTIONS FROM HOSCOUs CENTRAL i
[13377]. CONNLTTEE DECIDED TAKE CERTAIN NEASURES SUCH AS SENDING SIX oo oe
[13378]OEGAETEERS INTO CHILE. THESE ORGANTZERS JERE MENGERS OF PERUVIAN . i
[13379]CONNLSIST YOUTH) WHO USED PASSPORTS OBTAINED EARLIER FROM CHILEAN i
[13380]ENSASSY IN CASE OF SUCH AN EMERGENCY. PASSPORTS WERE LEGITINATEs -
[13382]SUT DATA IN THEM, INCLUDING NANES. VERE FALSE. THE PERUVIANS NERE
[13383]TO CROSS INTO CHILE AT THE TACNAZARICA BORDER POINT AND WERE TO. BE
[13384]xceonPanTED BY A NUNBER OF GOLIVIANS AND ORAZILIANS. 7
[13385]5. ON LG SEPTENBER. THO UNIDENTIFIED NEN WHO YERE LATIN
[13386]AMERICANS BUT NOT ‘PERUVIANS BROUGHT TO PCP/SOVIET REAI QUARTERS - ;
[13387]TUSTRUCTIONS FROM THE COUMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION {CPSU}.
[13388]TASTAUCTIONS WERE DELIVERED TQ NEMHERS OF. PCP/SOVIET CENTRAL
[13390]CONNITTEE AND IMMEDIATELY DISCUSSED BY PARTY LEADERS INCLUDING
[13394]£ DEL PRADO CHAVEZ {PCP/SOVIET SEC GEM}. FELIX ARIAS SCHREIBER
[13396]. ee COeSOUTET POLITICAL COIMISS TON NEMBERFs GUILLERNO HERRERA
[13398]ONTES EOS CALSO MENBER OF PCP/SOVIET POLITICAL COMMISSION}. AND
[13400]a ne QF THE Td CCURTERS DELIVERING THE THSTRUCTIONS * 39 WHO USED — vs)
[13402]THE ALIAS "FIGUEROA. FOLLOWING DISCUSSION, THESE PARTY LEADERS
[13404]DATE:
[13406]Grats
[13407]EXT:
[13408]“ve -
[13410]fermen canna ctnee
[13411]Se asieniatens REPRODUC SSUINT OFECE IS PR BITEOD cg > IMPDET
[13412]Cc cos i
[13413]SECRET ~ oo : = Ct BY: “Uses &
[13418]CUT ESAS
[13420]SIGHAL COU Ut Our
[13424]1 a ou a
[13426]EAS Ae TNE UU RE
[13428]. . _ DIRECTOR 7
[13429]CONFS wivo: FILE - YZ4857 a OIsseM OY.
[13431]0)
[13432]a
[13433]GQ vanvenro PER
[13434]Doone #.
[13436]PREPARENG INSTRUCTIONS FOR PARTY nenness TO AQ) IN SUPPORT.
[13437]INITIAL
[13440]SETR COUNTERPA ARTS IM THE: COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHILE {PCCH?.
[13441]yesvauctrons TO PCP/SOVIET NENGERS BERE TO ARRANGE For LODGING FOR
[13443]WEUSERS OF OTHER LATIN AMERICAN COMMUNIST PARTIES UHO VERE ARRIVING
[13445]GH LIMA, TO OBTATI HAPS OF CHILE, FALSE DOCUNENTATION, ETC.
[13446]SECOND STAGE OF SUPPORT To CHILE YAS TO SEGIN DURING WEEK
[13448]he
[13450]5 a3 SEPTENBER UHEYN COMMUNISTS AND OTHERS VERE To ARRXIVE FROM
[13451], : Couey? ts) i
[13452]JEMEZUELAy PANAMA, COLOMBIA. CUBA AND OTHER ro ALL WERE TO BE :
[13454]LODGED IN LIMA» AUDs LATER. GIVEM FALSE DOCUMENTS AMD TRANSPORTATION
[13456]TO CHILEAN BORDER. THEIR PRINCIPAL TASK Ii CHILE WAS TO ASSIST
[13458]Til REORGANIZATION OF PCCH FOLLOWING COUP D'ETAT, AS KELL AS IN PRO-
[13460]DUCTION OF CLAIDESTINE PROPAGANDA. THEY ALSO WERE To STUDY POSSI-
[13461]tL ery OF ALDING TH AGURTING CONCERTED ARMED RESISTANCE TO MILITARY
[13463]REGINEs PRINCIPALLY THROUGH URBAI GUERRILLA WARFARE. THERE YAS NO
[13465]WEED TO SEND ARMS: SINCE THERE STILL ENOUGH WEAPONS UIDPEN IN CHILE
[13467]To HAKE “SucH RISK UNHECES ISARY :
[13469]a 2 cenmTeaL, AUD SOUTH AMERICAN COMMUNESTS WERE TO MEET IN CIMA
[13471]9H 2S SEPTENBER, TO CONSIDER SENDLNG PERSONS TO CHILE TO ORGANIZE
[13473]ALE: . _
[13474]OMG: - :
[13475]3 Lae:
[13476]i EXT:
[13477]3
[13478]7S -/24- $2
[13479]Area ng weoncee CE GED Aprer eter AS Coen
[13480]REER ahucion BY & WHER THAN THE ISSUING QFFICE 15 PROHIBITED — 2 IMePOET
[13482]SECRET © cL 8Y.9e7 ent
[13486]14.90000
[13488]QUTOOR EG nt GAGE . wd] . ieh
[13489]~ beep
[13490]RIGMAL CONTE NUE eee ee oe wee 4 ' {.
[13491]“ay oo @ oOo UW 9 9 , Ho
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[13495]STRECTOR
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[13499]4S 1 IH DE vse \
[13503]TTF: : Fo: FLEE
[13504]~ Dieme 4 :
[13505]Auld TO ALD CHILEAM CommuNtyTS. SOME DELEGATES
[13507]TG WELT ING. ARRIVED EARLY TH ORDER ATTEND REGYONAL MEETING OF INTER- :
[13509]AN 44 SEPT. JUAN CAHPOS
[13511]GUERGELLA GROUPS THERE
[13513]PAVTOMAL RABOR ORGANIZATION cater MECH BEG
[13515]TARY, FONLATIN: AVERICAM AFFAIRS OF WORLD FEDER-
[13517]CAMPOS. CHILEAN, SECR
[13518]ATION OF TRADE UNIONS {UFTUS, WHO IS DN LIMA FOR ILO MEETING, HELD
[13520]PRESS COUFERENCE OM 14 SEPTENGER DURING WHICH HE CALLED ON ALL WORLD
[13522]TRADE UAITON ORGANIZATIONS TO HOUNT PUBLIC OPINION CRUSADE AGAINST
[13524]CHILEAN JUNTA.
[13526]: 8. (PILE: 25-Lau-Sa. £2, LiPoet.d
[13528]: a
[13529]“4
[13530]4 EPTENRER L973: il Kat
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[13540]7 7.
[13542]SE cvR ET wee lee
[13545]14.90000
[13547]OUTSORNC
[13549]SIGHAL CENTS USE UALS
[13550]oue tor ace wo
[13552]ae oe a go 6060
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[13557]STA PF . co CoLSeuZ - 4S$9Q24 re :
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[13562]; 0 sures ro PER j -
[13564]. 7
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[13568]“fo: PRIORITY LIMA.
[13569]RVCAT FUONEN,
[13570]KEFS* AL PANATIA CITY 25754 IIH 035304]
[13572]8: LIMA 2b010 |Iiv o2a1aa1
[13573]}. REF A WAS USED FOR FUONEN. AS FOLLOW-UP “YOULD L LIKE USE REF
[13576]= Bay (iesect YOUR CONCURRENCE “AND ¢ CAVEATS. WILL SOURCE TO CHICEAN
[13578]EXILE: LN LINA AND DELETE REFERENCES TO SOURCES IN REPORT {PIP PENE~
[13580]TRATION AGENT AND HIGH LEVEL OFFICIAL OF PERUVIAN SERVICE WHO Is :
[13581]PR OFESS TONAL INTEL OFFICER}? AND ALTER TEXT ACCORDINGLY PLEASE AD-
[13583]VISE.
[13584]2. FILES US-hey-S2. Eas IMPDETed
[13586]xREFS ATTACHED.
[13588]coe -t a“
[13590]. UI /57 0 4-8
[13591]pate: 25 SEPTEMBER 3973 Puy :
[13592]ow: = UILLIAN MH. KENT:SM8 BS dey IS
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[13598]AAO ee OFFER ] conemanins ore a L. AUlig inate or cee .
[13599]1 ON arte Eten — OPHEH THAN [HE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED Ee 2 INPOET
[13600]CL BY: 3&875S5b
[13602]SECRET
[13604]14-0000
[13606]OUTGOING MESSAGE
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[13611]ou ooo Oo Q it]
[13613]Ser}
[13615]S £ a RewtT ‘
[13616]at ALO red et OR pare aaa . ene . _ MENSA Ear renee ywere
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[13622]conse WH To ouwro: ene,
[13623]- , QO neusnro PEA
[13629]TO! PRIORITY DON LHFO MEXLCO CIT%> CARACAS» ORASILIA PARIS: i
[13630] “Lonpon. a
[13631]RYBAT CAGER FUONEN j i
[13632]REF? BONN 2bu7S {IN O37S4aI 7 , I:
[13633]L. IN GENERAL TERMS “BUSTHESSES. LEGALLY. NATIO:NALIZED.SUCH_AS_ |
[13634]“COPPER. COMPANTESs BANKS AND ITT HAVE GECOME GOVERNMENT PROPERTY AND
[13636]“4 BILL NOT BE RETURNED, UIILE BUSINESSES WICH WERE INTERVENED y
[13638]THCLUDING NOST DONESTIC MANUE ACTURLES FIRMS. WAY DE RETURNED TO
[13640]. THEIR FORMER OWNERS. THE Sane GENERAL CRITERIA APPLY To PROPERTY:
[13642]LARGE FARMS LEGALLY EXPROPRIATED BILL NOT BE RETURNED TO THEIR :
[13644]FORMER OWNERS. UHILE FARIS ILLEGALLY OCCUPIED PROBABLY UILL BE
[13646]RETURNED. IT SHOULD bE NOTED, HOMEYER, THAT TO CUR KNOULEDGE NO
[13648]LIST EXISTS WHICH SPECIFICALLY LDENTIFIES WHICH BUSINESSES OR
[13649]PROPERTIES FALL. ENTO-DHICH CATEGORY. WE HAVE HO FURTHER DETAILS
[13650]THIS SUBJECT. = * , a
[13652]2. FILE: 8-L24-52- E@y INLET A pee ae
[13654]ate: 24 SEPTEMSER 4473 .
[13658]unit; UH/L/SA 7 __ “ale ay r 73
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[13677]14-0000
[13680]CABLE BEC DISSEM BY de em _torac corins atriLicies By otto CALL
[13681]- Se REP ROUUC TION BY OTHER THAN |
[13682]SE c R€ 7 - . ; - ISSUING UP FICE 1 PROMIMTEO
[13684]PERSON/UNIT NOTIFIED
[13685]AZ < LITt i
[13686]ADVANCE, COPY ISSURO. ROTEL Yad VAL fe a i ee
[13687]. = ne
[13689]IN 33759¢
[13691]1551709 PAGE 1
[13692]CUtupee ss os a TOR: 2414592 SEP 72 WN 28675
[13693]SB anne
[13694]S$ E.c RE + 24i4r$2 SEP 73 STAFF
[13695]CITE BONN 26475
[13696]TO: PRIORITY DISECTOR INFO MEXICO CITY. CARACAS. BRASILIA. PARIS,
[13697]LONDON. ,
[13698]RYBAT CAGER FUOMEN
[13699]REF: a. DIRECTOR #58535 0 Cyst pore Zo; yet
[13700]. DIRECTOR 455615
[13701]c. BONN 26832 [LD O35 SU)
[13703]1, PARA 3B AES 3 STATES PROPERTIES IN © SOCIAL: AREA® KHICH
[13704]HAVE BECOME QucTE LEGAL UNGQUOTE PROPERTY OF GOVT WILL NOT 35
[13705]RETURNED OWNERS, SEF C REQUESTED IDENTIFICATION OF SPECITic
[13706]PROPERTIES INVOLVED. NOT CLEAR FROM SEF 3 WHETHER EXPROPRIATED
[13707]AND REQUISITIONED PROPERTIES CONSIDERED QUCTE LEGAL. UNQUOTS
[13708]PROPERTIES OF GOVT SUBJECT TO PROVISIONS PARA 39 REF a. IN a)
[13709]OTHER WORDS. WHAT IF ANY FIRMS TN SOCIAL AREA HAVE NO? SecoNe ~ “As
[13711]LEGAL PROPERITY S* GOVERNMENT AND WHAT FIRMS
[13712]OVER OR INTERVENED WITHOUT BECOMING LEGAL FROFERTY CE GOVERN}
[13713]MENT.
[13715]2. PLS CLARIFY AND IF POSSIBLE PROVIDE SPECIFIC EXAMPLES
[13717]OF FIRMS INVOLVED,
[13718]SECRET (S~ 424-352.
[13720]| FEED CORY 2 Sp rs
[13723]14.90000
[13725]CABLE DEC OD8EM BY a La SGTAL Copies
[13727]. . . f ~| REPRODUCTION HY OTHER THAN
[13729]7 SEcRErT >. 19 8UING OF FICE 19 PROMEITED
[13730]= ee ee rn a a en i ee
[13731]i MESSA3S.
[13733]poo
[13735]PENSOM/UIT MOTIFIALD
[13737]__ADYANGE GORY ISsuEO-sLoTTEO AL
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[13741]T 591709 PASE 32-02 © _ “OTN B37592.
[13742]TOR12414502 SEP 73 Bony 26475
[13744]ee ne
[13746]3. FILE: 15-126-52, €2 [MPDET
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[13753]4
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[13775]OUTGOING ~
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[13782]oF oO 0:90 0
[13784]Perivorr in |
[13787]. PORTAGE Hen haley EA IOR . Bate ft CAOWP cra wepkave sereminm OE MUN OER
[13788]STAFF eeLrerz DIRECTOR 458535
[13790]cour: cfa? WW x INFO: FILE SW Wy. SEULE, pix/ Pe: a DISSEM QY:
[13791]i | fees cf PYEEC3. O netunn va rnd 2 P
[13793]0 monet #
[13795]TO: PRIORITY BONN INFO NEXICO CITY> COARACAS, BRASILIA, PARTS,
[13797]| LONDON.
[13798]“RYBAT FUOMEN CAGER
[13799]REFS: A. BONOAN ebua2 IN 3544! Il
[13801]B+ DIRECTOR YSbLLS baat
[13802]CPSOCTAL.. AREA" IS TERM QFOR STATE- -CONTROLLED SECTOR OF
[13804]STATE CONTROL OVER WIDE VARIETY OF ECononEC ACTIVITIES WAS
[13806]ECOUONY.s.
[13807]THROUGH PURCHASES»
[13809]SIGNIFICANTLY EXPANDED DURING ALLENDE REGIME.
[13812]EXPROPRIATIONS, REQUISITIONS. -AND INTERVENTIONS oF PRIVATE SECTOR
[13814]ENTERPRISES, THE GOC BY MID-2979 HAD CONTROL OVER ot PRODUCTION OF
[13816]- GOODS AMD SERVICES ACCOUNTING FOR ALMOST HALF oF CHILE" S$ GDP. COM-
[13817]PARED TO AN ESTIMATED 20% AT am] END OF THE FRET ADMINESTRATION IN
[13818]a ——
[13821]e a.
[13823]SINCE TAKING OFFICE, ALLENDE GOVT HAD TAKEN OVER AT
[13825]LEAST 400 FIRMS. THE EXECUTIVE. HAD SUBMITTED TO CONGRESS ON VARTOUS
[13827]occastons BILLS THAT WOULD AUTHORIZE INCREASES IN, SCOPE AND RANGE
[13828]OF. gout ~CONTROLLED SECTOR: BUT THERE HAD BEEN NO AGREEMENT ON WHAT
[13830]SECOTOR'S AIAITS SHOULD BE. ALLENDE GOVT. THEREFORE 2H Te
[13832]DATE: .
[13833]ORIG: a : a
[13834]. UNIT: . : . dee ho.
[13835]; ExT: ; . 7 _ 7 : FS 7f2U-S2- 5
[13836]‘ RECON ) COPY bbl, Qa Sep 73
[13837]a WELLE bre COmCER LTy i “AUTRE NTIS ated COME ED
[13838]F craasercance REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING othieths pnaniarred ‘EB 2 IMPOET
[13839]Ne
[13840]' CL BY: 957556
[13842]14.90000
[13844]OUTGOING MESSAGE :
[13846]or = pagan
[13848]BIONAL CENTER USE ONLY
[13850]ba
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[13859]“STAFF "DIRECTOR |
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[13862]“oe : , ; : : O neuenio PEA
[13864]i O wm #
[13866]TO REQUISITION AND INTERVENE PRIVATE SECTOR ENTERPRISES AS IT
[13868]“CONSIDERED JUSTIFIED.
[13869]g 3. PILE! 35-1204-52- £24 INPDET.d
[13871]* SINTEND USE CREF By €=2 FUOMEN. PLS IDENTIFY "SOCIAL AREA"
[13872]PROPERTIES. oo
[13873]“X4FUOMEN ON ECONOMIC PLANS OF CHILEAN MILITARY JUNTA. | -
[13875]“-
[13877]PATE? 2 SEPTEMBER 1973
[13878]AD C/UH/
[13880]ORS UTLLTAM KENT DSO mt Cp
[13881]jp UNIT se ee
[13882]SPE Sse7 7 OPE ts
[13884]: wees oo - ” Ad ID brows — ;
[13886].
[13888]cl +BY OTHER THAN Th € ISSUING OFFICE 1s ' RO». vey ’ E 2 IMPDET
[13890]DCR OR ET: : Cl BY: Qs7s5sb
[13892]14-0000
[13894]> oe > lhe fro. Geri 20 eeeig FER DT
[13896]“TO: PRIORITY CARACAS. BRASILIAs LIMA, PARIS, LONDON, BONN» RERNS
[13900]OUTGOING MESSAGE APE
[13902]vomcennetonr SLE aece
[13904]rr ar er er Qo
[13906]Spe RET oe - spausnenssetscr me
[13907]ser goizaaz . DIRECTOR usage
[13908]cow Pi UF INFO: FILE off) 2 PER A, CJEtRG. D cures _
[13910]19] wenge #
[13912]NONTEVIDEOs “TONKYO. RONE.
[13914]RYEAT FUOMEN
[13916]2. FOLLOWING INFO CLEARED FOR ORAL FUOMEN BRIEFINGS,
[13917]STIPULATION NO FURTHER EXPLOITATION: SOURCE: MEXICAN JOURNALIST
[13918]WITH GOOD CONTACTS IN LEFTIST CIRCLES. , : .
[13920]ae SUBJECT: ° REMARKS BY CUBAN INTELLIGENCE OFFE CER IN MEXICO
[13921]AFTER THE 12 SEPTEMBER COUP D'ETAT IN CHILE.
[13923]-3. SHORTLY AFTER THE COUP DETAT IN CHILE, A CUBAN ENBASSY:
[13924]OFFICER WHO IS ALSO A NENBER: OF THE: CUBAN DIRECTORATE OF: INTELLIGENCE |
[13925]{DGI} IN NEXICO SAID THAT THE CUBAN GOVT WAS IMPRESSED GYITH THE
[13926]600d ORGANIZATION OF CHILEAN MILITARY'S SUCCESSFUL OVERRTHROW OF THE
[13927]ALLENDE REGINE ON 23, SEPTEMBER. an ; :
[13929]y. HE SAID THE CUBAN GOVT, AND CUBAN ENBASSY IN SANTIAGO WERE.
[13930]HOT SURPRISED. HOWEVER, THAT Afi ATTEMPT. “AGAINST THE ALLENDE GOVT WAS
[13931]MADE GBECAUSE THEY HAD LONG PERCEIVED THAT ALLENDE, UNILE i, GOOD
[13932]MARXIST+ LACKED SUFFICIENT AGGRESSIVENESS TOURED ars” EREIAES.
[13934]5. HE SAID aioe CUBAN EMBASSY IN SANTEAGD HAD > PL EPARED
[13936]TOOKCHA ATiEd OF CEO AUTEN ane OFmcee
[13938]eT eatong OFFER
[13939]custnercancn REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN [HE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIDITED «=F 2 IMPDET
[13940]ct. BY: .
[13941]oS57SSb
[13943]SECRET . ;
[13946]EMBASSY BEGAN DISTRIBUTING LATEST MODEL AUTOMATIC WEAPONS. EXPLOSIVES»
[13948]one o 0 0 G o 9G,
[13950]OUTGOING MESSAGE
[13952].
[13954]@2--cos
[13956]Signal CENTER USE OLY
[13958]aon cor ined too we ad
[13960]cuasaicatron
[13962]SEC RET. * . : :
[13964]08 RaG 8 ANU ed INDCATOR DATE. 10g O2OUP
[13966]cone; | INFO; FILA” a
[13968]UORKER CADRES WITH WHOM CUBAN ETBASSY OFFICIALS HAD BE
[13970]w
[13972]e0G208 REFERENCE NURSE
[13974]O venento PER
[13978]SD 0 net DISSEM GY: .
[13982]IN CASE OF ALLENDE OVERTHROU- LONG BEFORE. 11 sepTEnent CUBAN
[13984]“AND EVEN ANTI-TANK AND ANTI-AIRCRAFT WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION TO CHILEAN
[13985]EN WORKING FOR
[13987]LONG TIME MUNITIONS ALSO HAD BEEN DISTRIBUTED TO CUBAN CADRES IN
[13989]CHILE UOHO HAD BEEN ACTIVE AMONG WORKERSe IT IS THEY WHO NOW MUST
[13991]BEAR MAIN ‘RESPONSIBILITY FOR PREPARING THE INEVITABLE COUNTER-COUP —
[13993], AGAINST MILITARY JUNTA. THIS Is EXPECTED TO TAKE TINE AND TRAINING»
[13995]_ BUT MEANS ARE AVAILABLE | AND cuBAN WEAPONRY. IS FAR SUPERIOR TO THAT OF
[13997]SFCRET
[13999]of), ceunite
[14001]wren yoatog 2 osncae
[14005]Te «* Cle BY:
[14007]- CHILEAN ARMED FORCES: a
[14008]be FILE: 35-120-S2B- € 2 INPDET«d
[14010]; . Of PT ts
[14011]i Lo ; _ oo cle ule 0- Baile,
[14012]i CO — Boos na we “ .
[14013]Oo oe IY,
[14014]DATE: ov Corenete 1973, . CEURISAA L ii
[14015]“ORIG: oo va . ; bog
[14016]one: WILBRLLTAN KENT? DSO easaxor iLL SE
[14017]units ADC/WH/b ; . R
[14018]: S515/90L92 ; werunsr LAD) A) AR
[14019]Ach, Zig deme ve a t we 7 { Din Wi ‘s
[14020][nn BELL abie CFPCER CooRDmatind orncere ; 7 ° , *
[14021]cessen taro REpROOUCTIC Y OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFIGE IS PRON
[14023]ROS7S5h
[14025]enue wate trots ose ete ceca ete s a ae nee eee ne, me ements cr etemen em ros oe
[14026]ee ee pee apa eae trerermpenteentee se ne meme mns geet: Meare ane os .
[14028]14-0000
[14030]a cere oe — ea
[14032]BIGNAL CENTER USE OM
[14033]“pied races
[14035]ace co aur On” - 14 .
[14036]onF- oO. oO GO @ JO 0 os > a 1
[14037]SECRET . ;
[14038]+ ETN CST Wahinuno Gece rod eu oaTegour o om : ee DEAOE MOC ENaC E mUMOee
[14039]STAFF . , 24e2582° DIRE GTOR 3 4SB24y
[14040]: - 5 woes DISSEM BY:
[14041]cone: CI WH § twro: FRE ian Aas hho Ws OD wo wots Be
[14042]. close fobs DO nswesro PER
[14045]TO? PRIORITY CARACAS + LA PAZy QUITO, BOGOTA, MONTEVIDEO» BRASILIA,
[14046]TEXICO CITY. BUENOS AIRES ‘GUATEMALA CITY. SAN SALVADOR, MANAGUA.
[14048].L- _ FOLLOWING INFO CLEARED FOR ORAL FUOMEN BRIEFINGS» STIPU-
[14049]LATION NO FURTHER EXPLOITATION. , SOURCE: CHILEAN CITIZEN RESIDING
[14051]IN LIMA.
[14052]2. sugsect: CmeeTING IN LIMA OF LATIN AMERICAN SUBBVERSIVE
[14054]pace ee
[14056]“GRGANTZATTONS TO_NAKE PLANS TO SEI SEND MILITANTS TO CHILE. .
[14057]3 “On OR “ABOUT 22 SEPTEMBER A MEETING IS TO. BE HELD IN LIMA St
[14058]OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH ANGERTC AN SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE
[14059]PURPOSE OF HAKING PLANS TO SEND MILITANTS TO CHILE TO ORGANIZE
[14060]GUERRILLA GROUPS AND TO HELP CHILEAN COMMUNISTS.
[14062]4. THE PRO-SOVIET COMMUNIST PARTY OF PERU IS DISCUSSING THE:
[14064]| POSSTeILITy OF SENDING GROUPS ‘TO CHILE TO FIGHT. ALONGSIDE ANY _
[14066]CHILEANS WHO ARE ‘STILL OFFERING RESISTANCE TO THE NEU RILETARY. JUNTAS
[14068]JOIN RESISTANCE FORCES BIN CHILE.
[14070]DATE:
[14072]ORIG:
[14073]ext US /2 0-6 2
[14074]bo RY Les re)
[14075]i. f
[14076]Y aTL2asera OFeces COCR hucsTwed OFMCEES UTHER ICA TING omces —
[14077]Ciassecatom REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PRONIBITED E 2 . IMPDET
[14078]SECRET cL BY: = gs7sst
[14080]r _— ee coaeiel a oe = st .
[14081]. . . wey os .
[14083]soe a we ects:
[14084]XY re, . : .
[14086]14-0000
[14088]ww me
[14092]Bora CENTER USE OMY
[14094]ane oun ‘ace
[14096]onF o : 0 O
[14098]“SECRET
[14104]100 96
[14106]a.
[14108]WEdDAOE MEP Emer ule
[14110]wrecaus Amst DMC ATON are. Tee OROUF cme
[14111]tee O wou OISSEM UF:
[14112]con: |. - - 7" INFO: FILE . 0 nove: :
[14113]2 LSPIAG O senavto PER
[14114]lot , . O ome | 4
[14115](4) S20 FILE: LS-124-S2.  £ 2, IMPDET.A
[14116]my
[14117]~ eT
[14120]22 SEPTEMBER 1373\ cs me , Ut, ,
[14122]OaTe: WILLIAM KENT: Dso° OED
[14123]ar anne
[14125]OIG: ADC/UH/b
[14126]units 5515/9392
[14129]2 Ay mtr vo _ - _W aN \ Wem
[14131]PCL E abr ‘oorcen COOrO MAT ING CFEC Eee AUTHE SIN 2S OFFER
[14132]cusercaroe REPROOUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING CFFICE IS PROHIBITED =e 2° = IMPDET
[14134]SECRET B ~ 27 BYE:
[14136]OS7SSb
[14138]tame
[14141]14-0000
[14145]CARL AN DSS E of nm vee on prween ep eB TAL cor £5 wo AR d-
[14146]| REPROOUC PION OY OTR THAN
[14148]3s E wv. Re € HSBUING © 1C@ 1% PROWIMITED
[14150]v.dut. tb. 00m 1 1895) | asency messace
[14152]PERSON UNGT NOTED.
[14154]AD ANCE EO)
[14158]ATTN IND
[14160]Nekp Ff 7 ohare twee soe Men
[14163], Bila _— “PAGE Oisots—~*~*=*i*N SDD
[14166]o
[14168]ete oan 8 ree ne eine re ya germ ra pee ane me nema - seen memceen so
[14169]prone mone
[14171]_TORM2LL9L72 SEP 73 Ot Pacy 23770
[14174]SECRET use SEP 73 STAFF
[14175]CITE PANAMA CITY 25771
[14176]TO: PRIORITY DIRECTOR,
[14177]RvgaT FUOMEN | -
[14178]REF a, DIRECTOR 457922 Seer:
[14179]8, PANAMA CITY 2575 S$ 3°7,
[14180]1, CONCUR REF A,
[14182]2) FILE: 15"424°52, €2 IMPDET
[14184]i - wilo_cr itd
[14186](5 - Z2E-$2
[14188]2 / Sp 73
[14190]14.90000
[14192]on . 4 ee
[14193]5 ag = = <« 80
[14194]cot So wees ata .
[14196]cane ate ossarn of pan tora comes 7225 2 wey
[14197]. . (—tt | REPROOUCTION OY OTHER THAN
[14198]SECRET Sma]  ISBUING OF FICE 1S PROMIGITEO
[14200]PERBONUNIT NOTIFIED,
[14202]. aN —— f.
[14203]—ARYANER SOP AAUEOY wore WE fii
[14205]ACTION UNOT —
[14206]RF, FILE. va. & of Ay
[14208]EN PAGE Ot-e1.
[14209]TORI2116112 SEP 73 MEX! 25263
[14211]“SE CRE T.2118202 SEP 73 STAFF
[14212]CITE MEXICO CITY 25263 .
[14213]TO1 PRIORITY DIRECTOR,
[14215]RYBAT FUOMEN
[14217]REF DIRECTOR 457868
[14219]1, CONCUR, NO CAVEATS,
[14221]a oe
[14223]2. FILE! a5-t24952. €2 ImPDET
[14225]j
[14226]Pi
[14229][me
[14230]le !
[14234]leg
[14240]i
[14242]RESET GOs | oe
[14243]rr 2! e
[14247]“ours MESSAGE
[14249]BAR cxntenuse one
[14251]ay rn Vo
[14253]onF O- 0 0 oa. a
[14254]“eaweenanon * 0. : 0 gb. . bg
[14255]SECRET : .
[14256]Mt 8 EAOE HES red OE AOR Date tr ed OBOE eva wetears rarencrt a wveosd
[14257]STAFF ; apo DIRECTOR. . 4s7 22.
[14258]con ve up "nro: | rie Oy, Ding: 2 ast . resem te I. —
[14259]mone “ted OR . ; - . . eta a. —_————
[14260]PO mmr . ; ye ps oars tu)
[14262]O omn -
[14264]TO: PRIORITY PANAMA, CITY.
[14265]RYBAT FUOMEN
[14266]REF: “PANAMA, “caty.2s754 jrn 035309)
[14268]3s PROPOSE | USE REF, FOR, FUOQTEN,
[14269]ENCE TO TRAVEL OF AUIJADA OR HIS”
[14271]YILL ALTER TEXT TO SHOW LIMA
[14273]AS. PLACE ACQUIRED» onfLTTING R REFER
[14274]WILL SOURCE TO CHILEAN EXILE IN LIMA,
[14276]PARTICIPATION AT MEETING.
[14279]“SANE SUBJECT. PLEASE ADVISE CONCURRENCE | AND ANY C
[14281]z.. FILE: BS-L24-52- Eas LNPDET ert
[14283].
[14285]eMEETING IN LIMA OF LATAM SOCIALIST ORGS TO MAKE PLANS SEND NILITANTS
[14286]CHILEAN COMMUNISTS -
[14288]Q ORGANIZE GUERRILLA GROUPS AND HELP
[14290]TO CHILE T
[14292]. ‘ a FG LRYH-SD-
[14294]pare: 21 SEPTERSER 4973 °
[14296]ono: YILLIAM M. KENT:LSS [~7 ea ae 27 Say
[14297]unit: ADC/UH/b RECORD 3 op Y . 73
[14298]' EXT: bSSL/4155 . ;
[14300]i \—c/UHD OTE a C/UH/2
[14301]i % maaanend cmeces coowaine ogdas” nirmewta stent 000CER .
[14303]InPOET
[14305]ON BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE 1S PROMIGITED E20
[14306]cL BY: 057556
[14310]SECRET
[14312]14.90000
[14314]OUTGOING MESSAGE a ee eee ee |
[14315]Se ee yO yo
[14316]ae eR ee netmensno .
[14317]“STAFF  ayaubeZ: DIRECTOR "4S7888
[14318]CONE:. Meet WO: FILE \hee aes a tok : _O1SSEM GY; 2
[14319]4 nero momen c Sv Piyfoe . . -_ PER Panienrn wen
[14321]“ter PRIORITY HEXICO CITY.
[14323]-RYBAT FUOMEN
[14324]REF? MEXICO CITY eS2b0 IIN 035305]
[14326]1. PROPOSE USER REF FOR FUONEN, UILL osfatt NAME OF MANUEL
[14327]CORTINA AND REFER TO HIN ONLY AS OFFICER, IN CUBAN ENQGASSY WHO
[14328]BILL SOURCE TO MEXICAN JOURNALIST WITH GOOD CON-
[14329]PLEASE ADVISE CONCURRENCE
[14331]NENDER OF DGI.-
[14332]~ TACTS IN LEFTIST CIRCLES. SAME SUGJECT.
[14334]"AND ANY CAVEATS. *
[14335]"Gs FILE: 25-124-S2. £2, IMPDET-d
[14337]ee wee I, . ,
[14338]v , , ; ‘
[14339]. - _f . .. viet Teo
[14340]a : . ; ae 7
[14341]. a ) } & sO . : e. ne
[14342]pare: 21 SEPTEMBER 29731: neta . - a a
[14343]onic: UILLIAM Me. KENT?USS'! ; - LSID “$2
[14345]EXT: bSSb/415S Gs 7 4 a/ Sep 73
[14346]owt ,
[14349]“hows 2 o). \ bemdaie
[14351]ch CSUMD, ~ an AC/BH/SL
[14353]WALCO Ooomcee Cooap-nar fooceas Aurea nrc atin, OS SEC Ee
[14355]REPRODUCTION BY CIHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PRON!SITED E 2 IMPDET .
[14356]cL By: O575S%
[14358]C.aseecaron
[14360]SECRET
[14363]14-0000
[14365]PRPROOICTION BY OTHER THAN
[14366]Seis OFFICE 18 PRONIBITED
[14368]. . Lt . . ese .
[14369]: . . . Yue _
[14370]CABLE SEC OIS8EM BY_ on PER TOTAL COMES et hun oy
[14371]s ———F
[14372]. a . =
[14373]q . °
[14375]PURDON/UNIT NOTH IED,
[14377]ol f | |
[14378]7 546482 - PAGE 21-01 =  [N.235546
[14379]TOR12112122 SEP 73 oxi 26432
[14381]/ a
[14383]SECRET 2109562 See 73 starr
[14384]CITE BONN 26432 oe
[14385]TO! PRIORITY DIRECTOR £uF2 MEXICO CITY, CARACAS, 9R4SILIA, ?4a1S,
[14387]LONDON,
[14388]vest CAGEA FUQMEN
[14390]| REF: DIRECTOR 456615 _ , .
[14391]oe INTEND USE FUOMEN INFO REF, TO INCREASE USEFULNESS, :
[14392]PLS AIDENTIFY "SOCIAL a7Z4" PROPERTIES REFERRED 10 PARA 3B.
[14394]REF, .
[14396](2, FILE 154124252, s2-IePper
[14398]SECRET
[14400]| RECORD coPY |
[14403]14-0000
[14405]OUTGOING HE rea
[14406]Sura Centrale ONE a! !
[14408]au Co ae ty on
[14409]nF oO 18) Oo it) i
[14410]SECRET :
[14411]PS lee REN NCA POm . cart  epaggue . ene wiste TOC EM EU wee
[14412]STAFF 4523242 ae? 4S isuteag
[14415]BBOpo AAS 0 ae G ens:
[14418]: steers PER
[14420]SIS 3
[14421]1
[14428]; 10% PRIORITY MEXICO CITY, CARACAS 4 BRAS STLIAa Bons BARES, LONTON.
[14430]AaYeAT FUONEN
[14432]ode “FOLLOWING THreRA TION CLEARED FOR ORAL FUOHEN SRIEFINGS.« : :
[14433]. |
[14434]SOURCE? CHILEAN BUSTUCSSHAN :
[14436]STIPULATION NO FURTHER EXE PUITA TION.
[14437]ULTH GOOD CONTACTS IN MILITARY JUNTA GOVERNNENT.
[14439]2. SUBJECT: ~Feanina audi : een Beaks No. :
[14440]a+. ON LS SEPTENGER GENERAL SERGIO NUNO. MINISTE® VICE PRESIDENT
[14442]OF CHILEAN DEVELOPHST CORPORATION {CORPO}, GUTLINED NILITARY JUNTA'S |
[14443]ECONOMIC PLANS AS FOLLOWS ,
[14445]. As ALL OF FIRNS AND COMPANIES UHICH HAVE CEEN EITHER TAKEN
[14447]OVER OR INTERVENED SUT WHICH ARE NOT LEGALLY OUNED BY GOVERNMENT, i
[14449]WILL 8E RETURNED TO THEIR ORIGINAL OUNERSS
[14451]B. THOSE PROPERTIES IN "SOCIAL AREA" LHICH HAVE BECOME ,
[14453]LEGAL PROPERTY OF GOVT VILL MOT BE RETUSNED To FREVTOUS OUNE RS. UNO
[14455]SAID HE BELIEVES THAT A GIVEN PERCENTAGE -CF OUNERSHIP CF THESE
[14457]ear c
[14459]PROPERTIES, PERHAPS AS MUCH AS NO oR SO%_ SHOULE €2 SHEE AVAILABLE
[14461]TO THE WORKERS, AND REMAINING FERCER TAS af SEU D BO SOLD AS SHARES
[14463]TO THE PUBLIC. . - - b
[14466]ORIG: . . _ :
[14468]UNIT: - ‘ . a pe
[14470]: Sas : too ; Sty so i
[14471]ore fp _ wife 07:4 FY OEP 3
[14473]! po ,
[14475], ee ee 4S ~S24-$2 ;
[14477]ose Pen [eabcowe cbt Y | mmtend a enna
[14479]Cate canon REPRODUCTION GY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING CITITE IS PROMIZITED «= og 0 IM PDET ‘
[14481]CL OEY: os7ssh
[14483]SECRET :
[14485]14-0000
[14487]oN ‘5. “GENERAL HUNO SAID THAT CO8SO HAS IN EFFECT ATZUCED THE
[14489]OUTGOING MESSAGE
[14491]DMR ETE ET ONLE
[14492]ane cue ane wa we veo
[14494]ONF OQ 0 9 Q 0 i]
[14496]ea te anoe
[14498]SECRET a ce -
[14499]. REBELS a ty I BIE . Cert tive GROUP ore . . CTS Tiel Be eee Bead od
[14500]cone: | ita: ‘rue -* ° Dowere O1DEM Bs
[14501]pO AGLI oa
[14502]DO wens
[14504]TO THE PUBLIC.
[14505]uw ACCORDING TO HUN. PERSONNEL IN CHAZCE OF THESE INDUSTRIES
[14506]HAVE BEEN INSTRUCTED 70 BEGIN UORLENG AZ SOON AS POSSTSLE. THEY
[14507]ARE TO REQUEST ANY HELP THEY. HEED FROM ARMED FORCES. AND IN EVENT
[14508]OF ANY PROCLENS, THEY ARE TO CONTACT GENERAL MUNG. HHO WILL ATTEMPT
[14510]TO HELP THEN.
[14512]per
[14514]aires DEVELGPUENT. GENERAL
[14516]PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY, FOR COUT AT'S ECOG
[14518]NUNO, AND CORFO WILL UORK VERY CLOSELY WITH TiDUSTRIAL PEVELG
[14519]SOCIETY {SOFOFAY, WHICH HAS APPOINTED EUGENIO HELREVANUS AS WSOFOFA
[14521]COORDINATOR WITH CORFO.
[14522]Bb. FILE: 2L5-4e4-S2. Ee. IMNPDET-A
[14524]pate: 23 SEPTENSER 2973 ies.
[14525]ORIG: STILLIAN N. KENT?SHG
[14526]UNiTs ADC/SH/L
[14529]WE Lfte :
[14530]CrEUR Reef et crane
[14531]Bla dane OFF08e . co ad . -
[14532]Co epee anon REPROOUCTH VY OUBER Tr Ase THe sou ea Cc IS Ph tg
[14534]SECRET
[14536]Nee ee ce et eee eee ee
[14538]14-0000
[14541]14-0000
[14545]@ea . e«.- . wo .
[14546]CABLE S&C Orssau ov 2S one a : TOTAL coPics =f ba wr”, an fs .
[14547]. ~ aoe : = e PEPROTUCTION BY OTHER THAN
[14548]SECRET: . Sa! SUING OFFICE 18 PROMIBEITED
[14549]h
[14551]PERSON UNIT woTirED
[14553]ACTION UNIT
[14554]RF, FILE. ve.
[14556]A
[14557]7 |?
[14559]1 $38862 PAGE Q1+91 _AuO82783
[14560](MIE IT ange TOR11819352 SEP 73 © SAGO 26529.)
[14563]SECRET 1618562 SEP 73 STAFF ; Sa
[14565]CITE SANTIAGO 26529 ,
[14567]TO: PRIORITY DIRECTOR,
[14569]-RYBAT FUOMEN oo
[14571]REF: " DIRECTOR s56z03 ° | OM O35) )
[14572]rh CONCUR USE OF SANTIAGO 26499 (HCS 9836) FOR
[14574]ee 2)
[14576]| PUDMEN, No SPECTALCAVEATS, | (W030 7?
[14578]Z+ PREFER NOT USE SANTIAGO 26512 (HCS 9839) “BECAUSE
[14579]“OF SOURCE SENSITIVITY. “INFO Was GIVEN DIRECTLY AND ®xiVATELY
[14580]TO FUSRMINE*3 BY FUABLE=2, .
[14581]3. NO FILE, €2 rmpbeEr,
[14583]SECRET
[14586]14-0000
[14588]ed - a!
[14591]. . _
[14592]Orssew ay 1 ney a ___oFB Tora covies AUN ay :
[14596]PCaNON/UNIT HOTES IED _ eT. Cl. BY: 007422
[14598]AOVANCE Cory $9$ulo/scorren
[14599]ACTION Unit
[14601]AGENCY MESSAGE
[14603]7 TORI1721452 sep 73 SAGO 26519
[14604]aL A a ns eee
[14606]TOFIR= 3.24, O75 71-73
[14608]SECRE t 1719592 SEP 73 INTEL HCS-9839
[14610]CITE Sanriaco 26512
[14611]Tor DIRECTOR, . Ow
[14612]INTEL : , |
[14613]SUPDATA! Sources FUERMINE=3 FROM IDEN. NO INDEX. FILE;
[14614]. 15-994, CL BY 999569,
[14616]“FILeDr 17195¢2
[14618]SECRET
[14620]1400000 -
[14622]; SECRET
[14624]. ; : ° x
[14625]Invelligence Information Cab,e
[14626]WARNING NOTICE
[14627]SENSITIVE INTELLIGE, NCE SOURCES AND METHODS INVOLVED.
[14628]Stare’ “INR NMCC/ME (o1a) ClA/NMCC NIC NSA TReAS S00 ONE CRS
[14630]IN 031722
[14631]PAGE} OF 3 PAGES
[14633]NSC/'$ ;
[14634]hedule of 8.0, 14s2 Exemption Category 38 (1), (2). Impossible to Cotermine Date
[14636]SINS SS
[14637]OPERATIONS
[14638]Clouitied by Recorded Rpertieg Officer, Bxempt from » earl Deatonsifteati
[14640]of Automatic Dextasstiielat!
[14642]NO FOREIGN DISSEM
[14644]CITE TDFIR ~314/07571-73
[14646]DIST 17 SEPTEMBER 1973
[14648]COUNTRY:
[14650]Dory 73: a
[14651]SUBVECTI PL 0 FRET, FORMER PRES iDEnr’ OF CHILE
[14653]THE = CHRIST oan DENDGRATIC Paaty TO LEAVE Ca
[14655]“ACO ot Gutee, SANT IAGO (6 SEPTEMBER 1973) FIELD NO, WCS~9830.
[14656]“SOURCE! aN INFLUENTIAL MEMBER OF THE CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC ‘PARTY
[14657]. MMOSE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY PLaces Wim IN THE
[14658]CENTER OF THE PARTY'S IpEqLoGrcaL SPECTRUM. HE HaS
[14659]GOOD Access TO BOTH THE RIGHT= AND LeF Towing SECTORS
[14660]OF THE BDC, MUCH oF HIS PREVIOUS REPORTING Has gEEN
[14661]CONFIRMED 3Y SUBSEQUENT EVENTS anp SOURCES,
[14663]1. ON 15 SePreuger 1973 FORMER PREeSIDEyr EDUARDO FRE],
[14664]A LEADER OF THE CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY (PDC), TaLD orHER
[14665]PDC LEADERS That HE CONSIDERED IT WISEST For HIM 70 Leave
[14666]CHILE IN THE NEAR FUTURE AND. FOR MIM tq REMAIN ABROAD UNTIL THE
[14668]DIRECTIONS OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT BECOME CLEARER AND THE SECURITY
[14669]SECRET i
[14672]14-0000
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[14680]. WARNING NOTICE : a .
[14681]SENSITIVE INTELLIGENCE SOURCES AND METHODS INVOLVED PAGE ? OF * PAGES
[14683]‘Situation BECOMES MORE STAgLyzeED,
[14685]2: ISOURCE COMMENTS MOST OF THE PDC LEADERS ARE CONCERNED
[14686]ABOUT THEIR PERSONAL SAFETY SINCE THEY BELIEVE THAT THEY age
[14687]TARGETS FOR ASSASSINATION BY LEFTIST EXTREMISTS AND THAT THEY
[14689]_ MAY BECOME THE POLITICAL TARGETS OF THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT.
[14690]THEY ARE CONCERNED PARTICULARLY ABOUT THE GoVEAVNENT?S OFFERING
[14692]“OF IMPORTANT PosTS TO RISHTISTS SUCH AS ORLANDO SAENZ, TuE
[14694]PRESIDENT OF THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT SocrETY (Sorora). WHO
[14695]HAS BEEN NAMED AS ECONOMIC ADVISOR To THE MINISTRY OF FORE:GN
[14697]RELATIONS) aNp LEON VIL AR ION, HEAD OF THE TRUCK OWNERS
[14699]FEDERATION, WHO WAS OFFERED THE POST OF MINISTER OF PuaLT¢
[14701]WORKS: WHICH HE REFUSED, “WHILE SAENZ HAS A NUMBER OF FRIENDLY
[14703]cOntaces WITH ppc MEMBERS, HE IS REGARDED BY THE ppc LEALERS
[14705]4S BASICALLY OPPOSED TO THE POC AND INTERESTED iN it ELIMINATION
[14707]AS.A VIABLE POLITICAL ENTITY, )
[14709]3. FRE} SAD: THAT WHILE HE IS CONSIDERING LEAVING THE COUNTRY
[14711]OF HIS OWN WILL» HE WOULD PREFER To ag REQUESTED 70 LEAVE oY TRE
[14713]MILITARY GOVERNMENT, IN ORDER To pRoTEcT HIS POLITICAL FUTURE.
[14715]HE Does NOT WANT To BE TOENTIFIED WITH THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT,
[14717]AND HE WOULD PREFER THAT HIS DEPARTURE DOES NOT APPEAR YO BE
[14719]SECRET
[14721]14-0000
[14723]IN 031722
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[14727]WARNING NOTICE
[14728]SENSITIVE INTELLIGENCE SOURCES AND METHODS INVOLVED PAGE 3 OF 3 PAGES
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[14735]4, FIELD DISSEM! EMBASSY, DEFATT aT SANTIAGO,
[14736]REPORT CLASS SECRET/WARNING NOTICE=SENSITIVE INTELLIGENCE
[14737]" SOURCES AND METHODS INVOLVED/NO FOREIGN DISSEH
[14738]CLASSIFIED BY RECORDED REPORTING OFFICER, EXEvPT. FROM
[14739]_ GENERAL DECLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE OF E.9. 11652, EXEMPTION
[14740]_ CATEOGRY 58 (2), IMPOSSIBLE TO DETERMINE DATE of AUTOMATIC
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[14761]7 535955 PAGE 31-01 (i | SIN 0315935
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[14766]CITE SANTIAGO 26500
[14768]70: PRIORITY MEXICO CITY INFO DIRECTOR. -
[14769]' FUORACLE FUOMEN
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[14817]2, FOR DIRECTOR! OFFICIAL MEXICAN GOVT POLICY IS COMPLETE
[14818]SYMPATHY FOR ALLENDE, PRESIDENT ECHEVERRIA MET MRS, ALLENDE AT
[14819]AIRPORT 46 SEPT AND HAD ALREADY DECREED THREE DAYS OF OFFICIAL
[14820]uBean ING FOR DEATH OF PRESIDENT ALLENDE 17°19 SEPT, UNLESS we
[14821]CAN GET INFORMATION ON TRUE FACTS IN. CHILE TO PRESIDENT
[14822]ECHEVERRIA pirectugen, THE LITTLE MEDLA PLAY WHICH MEXICO CITY
[14823]PRESENTLY CAPAGLE OF MUSTERING WILL BE LOST IN AVALANCHE OF
[14824]SPONTANEOUS, PLANTED AND GOVT APPROVED PRO=ALLENDE MATERIAL
[14825]APPEARING LOCALLY, THE CONSENSUS OF MANY MEXICANS IS THAT THE
[14826]U.S. AND CIA IN PARTICULAR MASTERMINDED THE COUP,
[14827]3. FILES 150124-53/3, €2 IMPDET.
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[14857]: oa GIST OF INFORMATION CONTAINED IN REF WAS PASSED
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[14861]14 SEPT KBGLACIER-3 “ots GRANDGE That KDOSELISK- MAS
[14863]VERY APPRECIATIVE OF THIS REPORT, KDOSELISK41 IS RECEIVING
[14864]: NO NFORMATION FROM HS EMBASSY IN SANTIAGO AT THIS TIME AND
[14866]HAS 70 DEPEND ON NEXS RELEASES FROM CHILE AND ARGENTINA
[14867]WHICH HE CONSIDERS 70 BE OF DeaiOus AccuRacy,
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[14880]1960 %0 OFFICE 15 PROMIBITED
[14882]PAGE 21 IN 228495
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[14891]CITE SANTIAGO 24421
[14892]TO! IMMEDIATE DIRECTOR PRIORITY BUENOS EIRES, LA Paz. BRASILIA
[14893]BOGOTA, SAN JOSE. SANTO DOMINGO, QUITC, KH/MIAMI, GUATE“ELA CITY,
[14894]GEORGETOWN, TEGUCIGALPA, KINGSTON, MEXIS2 CITY, MANAGUA, P4n4HA CITY,
[14895]ASUNCION, LIMA, SAN SALVADOR, MONTEVIDES, CARACAS, LONDON, FARIS,
[14896]uerreit, BONN, ;
[14897]1. eb _ NERCUR IO; A MAJOR CONSERVATIVE SANTIAGO DAILY, 2272aRED
[14898]TODAY (13 SEPTEMBER) CARRYING FOR MOST Psat OFFICIAL DecLasatlONs
[14899]ODAY (15 SEPTEMBER) CARRYING FOR Mt OF IEE AL DECLARATIONS
[14900], BY THE CHILEAN JUNTA, THE FOLLOWING EITORIAL AND ARTICLES, HOWEVER,
[14901]APPEAR WORTH REPLAYING!
[14902]A. HACIA LA RECUPERACION NAC TONAL
[14904]CON DISTINGOS LENGUAVES ¥ CRITERIOS, 22S PERSONALIDASES
[14906]POLITICAS, LOS DIRIGENTES GREMTALES Y LS INSTITUCIONES mas
[14908]QUE DEBIA LLEVARLO a LA DICTADURA MaRXIStTaA 9 A LA GUERRA CI¥
[14910]LA INTERVENCION DE LAS FUERZAS ARMACAS, VINO EN ESTE Case:
[14911]A LIBERAR A LA CIUDADANIA DE LA INMINENTE DICTADURA MARXISTA
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[14922]-" REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN
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[14924]PERSON/UNIT NOTED ————
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[14927]PAGE p2 IN 820495
[14928]P73 SAGO 26421
[14929]PS SAG
[14931]TOR!1323242 SE .
[14934]Ya SALYAR A CHILE DEL “ANTQUILAMZENTO POLITICC, SOCIAL, Y ECONOMICO.
[14936]7 $27665
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[14939]-INTENSO ¥ DISCIPLINaDO ESF UERRO QUE RESTABLEZSA EL HABITO DEL
[14940]TRABAJO. NORMALICE LAS FAENAS, DETENGA LA DESTAUCCION DEL PATRIMONTO
[14941]NACTGNAL LY REINICIE EL PROCESO DE CAPITALIZACION INDISPENSABLE
[14942]AL FUTURO BIENESTAR,
[14944]CON INNEGABLE SACRIFI CIO Y -aBNES aTlon, LAS FuERZAS.
[14946]ARMADAS HAS CUMPL; DO SU PAPEL DE SALVAGUARDIA ULTIMA be LA
[14948]“ INSTITUCTONALIDAD, PERO LA DURA -TAREA QUE IMPONE RESTANAR LAS
[14949]WERIDAS Y REANUDAR LA MARCNA DE LA NACION EXIGE EL aPoyo RESUELTO
[14950]DE AQUELLA MAYORI2 CUIDADANA QUE, EN TODOS Los TONS, HA PEDIDO
[14951]UNA HONDA RECTIFICACION,
[14953]EL SUEGRANTAMTENTO CONSTI TUCIONaL PRovocang FOR Eu HARK TSHO
[14954]NO PUDO SILDARSE CON LAS SCLAS INICIATIVAS DE Las PART 1D0S
[14955]POLITICOS. LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS Y CARABINEROS NO DESEABAN NI
[14957]_ HAD DESEADO NUNCA TOMAR SOBRE SI LA RESPONSIGILISAD DE-CONDUCIR
[14958]LOS DESTINOS DE La NACION, PERO EL DRAMATICO FRACASO: DE LA UNIDAD
[14959]POPULAR Y LAS LIMITACIONES DEL CUADRS POLITICO OPOSITOR PARA
[14960]CONSEGUIR EL INDISPENSABLE CaMBio ce RUMSO FGRZARGN LA’ SITUATION
[14961]HASTA EL PUN"C EN QUE SE ENCUENTRA, :
[14963]SECRET. .
[14965]14-0000
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[14969]REP YOOUCTION OY OTHER THAN -
[14970]ISBUING OFFICE 18 PROMUDITED
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[14978]7527465 PAGE 3 IN 028495 ~
[14979]oo TOR!1323242 SEP 73 SAGO 26421
[14980]mo CHILE TIGNE UN GOBIERNO MILITAR, FORMADO POR LOS SENORES
[14982]COMANDAN7ES EN JEFE DE LAS TRES RAMAS DE LA DEFENSE NACIONAL
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[14984]HA ASUM'DI EL MANDO SUPRENQ. RESPETANUG EXPRESAMENTE LAS ATRI«
[14985]BUCIUNES CEL-POGER JUDICIAL, CONTANDO CON LA ASESORIA DE LA
[14986]_CONTRALORIA GENERAL DE LA REPUBLICA Y DISPONIENDO EL RECESO DEL
[14987]PARLAMENTC.° DE ESTE MODO LA JUNTA CREE ENCONTRAR.EL CAMINO
[14988]ADECUADO .72RA’ INSTAURAR LA INSTITUCIGNALIDAD QUE SE REQUIERE,
[14989]LAS RESERVAS QUE ESTA POSICION DE LA JUNTA PUEDAN INSPIRAR
[14990]A CLER“OS SECTORES POLITICOS NO PUEDEN SER TAN ABSOLUTAS QUE
[14991]LLEGUEN HASTA NEGAR EL CONCURSO DE TODOS LOS CHILENOS AL ESFUERZO
[14992]DE RECONSTRUCCION DE SU PATRIA. POR EL CONTRARIOs & TRAVES
[14993]DE LA -UNTA, ES CHILE MISMO. EL QUE JUEGA Lé CAATA DEFINITIVA
[14994]PARA TRIUNFAR DEL ODIO. DE LA DESUNION, DEL DESALIENTO Y DE LA
[14995]GECADENCIA. La LABOR IMPONE LA ACCION DE TODAS LAS CAPACIDADES
[14996]Y LA COLABORZCTON DE TODA LA CUIDADANIA, ESPECIALMENTE DE
[14997]AQUELLOS CHILENOS CUE POR SU INDIFERENTISMOQ, SU INDECISION,
[14998]SU EGOISMO G Su PEREZA HAN GENERADO LAS CONDICIONES QUE PER-
[14999]MITIERON EL DESARROLLO DE LA. IDEOLOGIA MARXISTA Y SU LLEGADA
[15000]AL PODER EN :970 GRACIAS A LA DIVISICN DE LAS FUERZAS DEMOCRATICAS,
[15001]SECRET
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[15011]NCY MESSAGE
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[15015]PAGE 94 IN 228495
[15016]TUR s323242 SEP 73 . SAGO 26421
[15018]EL PAIS Ha -VIVIDO VIRTUALMENTE AL MARGEN DE LA CONSTITUCION
[15019]Y ABSORBIENDO GRANDES DOSIS CE 1DEQLOGIA EXTRANJERA ACOMPANDA
[15020]TAMBIEN DE GUERRILLEROS EXTRANJEROS, A NADIE SUEDE
[15021]SURPRENDER QUE EL REMEDID A TAN DESESPERADA SITUACION SEA DE
[15022]— CARACTER EXTRAQRDINARTO Y SE LE ADMINISTRE PROPORCTONADAMENTE
[15023]Alay! QLENCI& QUE OPONGA EL MAL ANTE DE SER DOMINADO,
[15024]EN MEDIO DE LAS DIF IcuLTages. (LO UNICO QUE RECLAMA’ EL PATRIOTIS=
[15025]"MQ ES TRABAJO. ESPIRITU DE SOLIGARIDAD Y COLAZURACION PARA EL
[15026]ESTABLECIMIENTO DEL ORDEN INSTITUCTONAL,
[15027]B. EXPRESY PRESIDENTE DE CORTE SUPREMA == COMPLACENCIA
[15028]DEL POVER yuDICraL.
[15029]EL PRESIDENTE DE LA CORTES SUPREME, ENRIQUE URRUTIA MANZANO,
[15030]ENTREGO LA SIGUIENTE DECLARACION:
[15031]"EL PRESIDENTE DE LA CORTE SUPREMA, EN CONOCIMIENTO DEL
[15032]PRGPOSITO DEL NUEVO GUBIERNO CE RESPETAR Y HACER CUMPLIR Las
[15034]Ls]
[15036]PECISTONES DEL PODER JUDICIAL SIN EXAMEN PROVID GE SU LEGALIDAD,
[15037]COMO LO ORDENA EL ARTICULG 12 DEL CODIGO oRGANICO DE TRIBUNALES,
[15038]MANIFIESTA PUSLICAMENTE POR ELL2 SU MAS INTIMA COMPLACENCIA
[15040]EN NOMBRE DE La ADMINISTRACION CE JUSTICIA DE CHILE. ¥ ESPERA
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[15072]T 527085 PAGE 05 IN 028495
[15073]ee 10811323242 SEP 73 _ §AGO 26424
[15075]AHORA,” SANTIAGO, 12 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1973, FrAMar _ENRTQUE
[15076]_URAUTIA MANZANG, PRESIDENTE DE La CORTE SUPREME™,
[15077]C. ACTIVIDADES DE FF.AA. Y CARABINEROS -~
[15078]152 CUBANOS EXTREMISTAS EXPULSADOS AYER DEL PAIS
[15079]ALLANADA--UNIVEASIDAD TECNICA DEL ESTADO, TENDICION DE 690
[15080]PERSONAS, 737-7 ,
[15081]REDUCCION DE EXTREMISTAS,
[15082]INCAUTAGION DE ARMAS EN INDUSTRIAS € INSTITUCLONES BANCARIAS,
[15083]CONTROL DE LA MONEDA, TOMAS MORO Y "CANAVERAL" EN EL ARRAYAN,
[15084]CIENTO CINCYENTA CUBANOS EXTHEMISTAS FUERON EXPULSADOS
[15085]AYER DEL PAIS POR LA JUNTA MILITAR DE GOBIERNO, SEGUN EL BANDO
[15086]NO. 26 QUE DETALLA LAS ACTIVADES PRINCIPALES DESARROLLADAS POR DG
[15087]LAS FUERZAS ARHADAS Y CARABINEROS EN LAS ULTIMAS HORAS EN LA
[15088]GUSRNICION DE SANTIAGO,
[15089]LA COMUNICACION SENALA QUE FUE ALLANADA LA UNIVERSIDAD
[15090]TECNICA DEL ESTADO. DONDE SE RINDIERON 620 PERSONAS, Y SE
[15091]ENCONTRO GRAN CANTIDAD DE ARMAMENTO, ASI COMO INDUSTRIAS,
[15092]- ENTIDADES BANCARLAS Y OTROS RECINTOS EN LOS CUALES LOS EFECTIVOS
[15093]MILITARES SE INCAUTARON DE ARMAS Y EXPLOSIVOS...
[15094]2. FILE: 15-124~52. €2 !MPDET
[15095]SECRET
[15097]IS -[24¢-$2