[1]ND AANAN
[2]2025 RELEASE UNDER THE PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY ASSASSINATION RECORDS
[3]ACT OF 1992’ . a
[5]- SE-IDER WILL CHECK CLASSIFICATION TOP AND BOTTOM
[7]|__| unctassiriep | [' CONFIDENTIAL.-[___[ SECRET _|
[8]OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP.
[10]NAME AND ADDRESS | BATE | INITIALS
[12]qneooooE
[14]FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER “ a F)
[15]FROM: NAME, ADDRESS AND PHONE NO.
[17]13-00000
[19]-
[21]-.
[25]VAUNCLASSIFIED «= [7] {NTERNAL = -_ °C) CONFIDENTIAL ==) SECRET
[27]FOIA REQUEST
[28]~. : ; eB. 2 ez
[30]a 7 Bo cers lid 2
[32]0/DDO/FIO 7 cal SUSPENSE [5 —
[34]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
[35]building)
[37]COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[38]to whom. Draw a tine across column after each comment.)
[40]SEK
[41]rosa to
[42]Lopy Some Vo.
[43]Shoes that
[44]are in hane as
[45]‘At pag fox Soma.
[47]%. ppO/FIO att: Annette No record of subject
[48]tube: CT-5 , 2B1415
[50]No info identifiable
[52]with subject
[54]See attached memorandum
[56]a
[57]m
[58]4
[59]c
[60]2
[61]2
[62]4
[65]Ye
[68]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[70]23.8749 OF secret) CONFIDENTIAL [7] INTERNAL = s)sCUNNCLA’
[72]13-00000
[76]27 JUL 1976
[78]MEMORANDUM FOR: Privacy and Information Officer, DDO
[80]SUBJECT: Weisberg Request (Martin Luther King, Jr.)
[81]Part I
[83]REFERENCE: 76-F-382
[85]1. This office maintains a three volume sensitive
[86](unofficial) file on the Subject. We no longer maintain
[87]201 file (201-760966); Dr. King's files and documents
[88]were closed out on 6 November 1974 and forwarded to IP
[89]files on 25 May 1976. A further check of other records
[90]in this office revealed the following information relevant
[91]to the Subject. While a large number of documents are
[92]available which mention King, the majority are dated after
[93]his death and in some way are related to world reaction to
[94]his assassination which was on 4 April 1968, prior to the
[95]implementation of the MHCHAOS program, 4 July 1968.
[97]a. The following overt items (excerpts from books
[98]published) are considered releasable to the requestor.
[99]There are no exemptions. Black Power/White Resistance,
[100](BX-3283) by Fred Powledge; The Negro Revolt, (EX-3267)
[101]by Louis E. Lomax; Ghetto Rebellion to Black Liberation,
[102](EX-3212) by Claude M. Lightfoot; Is Anybody Listening
[103]to Black America, (EX-3573) by C. Eric Lincoln; Martin
[104]Luther. King, Jr., (EX-3670) by William Robert Miller;
[105]SNCC - The New Abolitionists, (EX-2108) by Howard Zinn;
[106]The Black Muslims in America, (EX-2109) by C. Eric
[107]Lincoln; Negro and Jew, (EX-3573) by Shloma Katz;
[108]Chronicles of Black Protest, (EX-3439) by Dr. C. Eric
[109]Lincoln; The Black Messiah, (EX-3669), by Albert B.
[110]Cleage, Jr.; Black Power and White Protestants, (EX-3211),
[111]by Joseph C. Hough, Jr.; The Negro Mood, (EX-2127) by
[112]Lerome Bennett, Jr.; Black Man's Burden, (EX-3571) by
[113]John Oliver Killens; When Negros March, (EX-3577) by
[115]Yocs {->3
[117]“ren yy enecimenet ch ev DEI
[118]CONFISENTIAL ! -
[120]13-00000
[122]CONFIDENTIAL
[124]Herbert Garfinkel; Black Man's America, (EX-3208) by
[126]| Simeon Booker; Staff Study by The Committee on Internal
[128]i Security, (EX-4866) dated 1970; Testimony of Gerald
[130]t Wayne Kirk, Hearings of. the Committee on the Judiciary,
[132]_ (EX-7044). 1970; Hearings Before the Committee on Un-
[133]American Activities, (EX-2131) 1968; Riots, Civil and
[134]Criminal Disorders, Hearings before the Sub-Committee
[135]on Investigations, (EX-2169) June 20 and 21, 1968;
[136]The New Left, Memorandum prepared for the Committee
[137]on the Judiciary, (EX-3535), 9 October 1968; National
[138]Review, 3 May 1967; The Rebel (published in Exile),
[139]May-June 1967; The New World of Negro Americans,
[140](EX-3571) by Harold R. Isaacs.
[142]b. The following overt items which mention the
[143]Subject and/or his activities are not available in this
[144]office.
[146]hington Star, dated 14 August 1968
[147]i dated 4 February 1969
[148]dated 8 May 1968
[149]Washinton Star, dated 14 April 1968 .
[150]Washingtgn Star, dated 20 January 1969
[151]Washington Star, dated 10 November 1968 |
[152]Washington ‘Star, dated 29 March 1969
[153]Soul Newspaper (BX- 3653), 1 December 1969
[154]New York Timed, dated 13 April 1967
[155]New York Times,\dated 18 August 1968
[156]New York Times, Wated 5 October 1969
[157]Time, dated 12 ApNl 1968
[158]Liberation News, dated November 1967
[159]Committee Newsletter}, dated May 1967
[160]D.C. Catholic Standar dated 18 July 1968
[161]3 Militant (pg. 5), dated. 22 November 1968
[162]Ottawa Citizen, dated 1/#\December 1968
[163]Sepia (pg-. 66) (EX-3592),\December 1969-destroyed
[164]Jet Magazine (pg. 17) (EX-3(94), 7 August 1967-
[165]destroyed ,
[166]The Black Panther (pg. 10) dated 1969
[167]Washington Post, dated 1 Septemker 1967
[168]Washington Post, dated 15 Novembar 1968
[169]Washington Post, dated 28 June 19
[170]Washington Post, dated 26 May 1968
[171]Washington Post, dated 24 December 1968
[175]CONTIN TIAL
[178]13-00000
[180]Post, dated 14 December 1968
[181]Post, dated 19 November 1968
[182]Post, dated 22 September 1968
[183]Post, dated 17 August 1968
[184]dated 29 March 1968
[186]Washington
[188]Washington 20 March 1968
[189]Washington Post, d May 1968
[190]Washington Post, November 1968
[191]Washington Post, dated ril 1968
[193]Washington Post, dated 968
[194]Washington Post, dated
[195]Washington Post, dated 14 March 1969
[197]c. The following overt items pertaining to the
[198]Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. are
[199]releasable to the requestor. There are no exemptions.
[200]Look, 15 April 1969; Washington Star, 24 April 1968;
[202]12 March 1969; 13 March 1969; 17 March 1969; 20 March
[203]1969; 23 March 1969; 24 March 1969; 1 April 1969;
[205]2 April 1969; 4 April 1969; 13 April 1969; 24 April
[206]1969; 27 May 1969; 16 July 1969; 31 May 1969; New
[208]York Times, 10 March 1969; 7 March 1969; 8 March 1969;
[209]14 March 1969; 16 April 1969; 23 May 1969; 24 May 1969;
[210]26 May 1969; 1 June 1969; UPI-108, 3 January 1969;
[211]Washington Post, 3 January 1969; 18 January 1969; —
[213]28 January 1969; 31 January 1969; 8 February 1969;
[215]8 March 1969; 11 March 1969; Tass International Service,
[216]_11 March 1969; Daily World, 12 March 1969; Washington
[217]Post, 12 March 1969; 13 March 1969; 17 March 1969;
[219]18 March 1969; 20 March 1969; 22 March 1969; 23 March
[220]1969; 26 March 1969; 8 April 1969; 12 April 1969;
[222]Item from News Dispatches, 1969; The Sunday Star, 16
[223]March 1969; Item from Associated Press, 8 April 1969;
[224]Associated Press, 14 June 1969; Associated Press item,
[225]13 May 1969; Associated Press item, 14 May 1969;
[226]Washington Post, 21 May 1969; 23 May 1969; 24 May 1969;
[227]27 May 1969; 26 May 1969; 25 May 1969; 16 July 1969;
[229]30 May 1969; 16 March 1969; 27 June 1969; 20 June 1969;
[230]26 June 1969; Washington Star; 4 May 1968; Washington
[231]Star, 29 May 1968; Time, 13 September 1968; Washington
[232]Post, 19 September 1968; Chicago Daily News Service,
[233]undated; Washington Star, 18 September 1968; Washington
[234]Star, 23 September 1968; Los Angeles Times, 7 August 1968;
[236]Car Capriaty Rneb fron Ops (Pre. - shone aan ts
[238]; |
[239]CONFIDENTIAL
[242]13-00000
[244]CONFIDENTIAL
[246]Washington Post, 16 August 1968; Washington Star,
[248]-6 July 1968; Reuters, London, 6 *July 1968; Washington
[250]Post, 22 July 1968; Time, 26 July 1968; Washington
[251]Star, 12 April 1968; Washington Star, 13 April 1968;
[253]' Washington Post, 13 “April 1968; Washington Star,
[255]14 April 1968; Washington Post, 14 April 1968;
[256]Washington Post, 16 April 1968; Delta Democrat
[258]Times, 16 April 1968; Washington Star, 17 April 1968;
[259]Washington Star, 18 April 1968; Washington Star, 19
[260]April 1968; undated. item; undated item; Washington
[261]Star, 23 April 1968; Washington Star, 23 April 1968;
[262]Washington Star, 24 *april 1968; Washington Post, 6
[263]May 1968; Reuters, London, undated; Reuters, undated;
[264]Reuters, 16 July 1968; Associated Press, 9 July 1968;
[265]16 July 1968; Reuters, 16 July 1968; Reuters, 9 July
[266]1968; UPI-122, 9 July 1968; UPI-48, 10 July 1968;
[267]UPI-129, 15 July 1968; UPI-48, 12 July 1968; Associated
[268]Press, 17 July 1968; Reuters, 2 July 1968; Associated
[270]Press, 2 July 1968; Reuters, undated; London, 2 July
[272]1968; UPI-30, 2 July 1968; Reuters, 8 July 1968;
[273]UPI-21A, 2 July 1968; UPI-125, 2 July 1968; London,
[275]2 July 1968; London, 2 July 1968; Associated Press,
[277]2 July 1968; UPI-8, 2 July 1968; London, 2 July 1968;
[278]London, 2 July 1968; Reuters, undated; Reuters,
[279]undated, Reuters, 2 July 1968; Associated Press, 18
[280]July 1968; London, 18 July 1968; Reuters, 18 July 1968;
[281]Associated Press, 18 July 1968; Associated Press,
[283]18 July 1968; Reuters, 17 July 1968; Reuters, 17 July
[284]1968; London, 17 July 1968; Associated Press, 17 July
[285]1968; Reuters, undated; London, undated; Associated
[286]Press, July 1968; Reuters, 17 July 1968; Associated
[287]Press, 17 July 1968.
[289]d. The following documents are releasable in
[290]sanitized form to the requestor under the provisions
[291]of the Freedom of Information Act. Excised portions
[292]are exempt as noted. OIRT-06733, 23 September 1964,
[293]exempt under (b)(3)(a); (b)(3)(b); OIRT-06733, 16
[294]October 1964, exempt under (b) (3) (a); (Cb) (3) (b);
[295]CSCI-315/02051-64, exempt under (b)(3)(a); (b) (3) (b);
[296]S-19, 5 October 1967, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b) (6);
[297]8-20, 5 October 1967, exempt under (b)(3) (a), (b) (6);
[298]UWCA-3510, 11 October 1967, exempt under (b)(3)(a), ,
[300]. (b) (6); EX-01655, 5 November 1967, exempt under
[302](b) (3) (a) ,/ (b) (6) ; TMWAVE-1417, 26 February 1968,
[303]exempt undpr (b)(3) (a), (b)(3)(b); Georgetown-5024,
[305]OS fsa ah)
[307]CONE DE NTIAL
[309]13-00000
[311]CONFIDENTIAL
[313]26 February 1968, exempt under (b)(6); EX-895, 7
[315]March 1968; exempt under (b)(6); Kingston- 4004,
[317]6 April 1968, exempt under (b) (3) (a), (b) (3) (b),
[319](b) (1)5(B) (1); Mexico City-5143, 7 April 1968,
[321]exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)}.(3) (b); Tokyo-9443,
[323]10 April 1968, exempt under (b) (3) (a), (b) (3) (b); . .
[325]Bir-90530, 10 April 1968, Rass
[327]Ces ter tbdr, (b) (6) ; 3-Mexico-518¢;-t0-Aprét ti
[328]JMWAVE- 2022, 12 April 1968; exempt
[330]uns = (b) (3) (b); Berlin-2149, 15 April 1968, exempt
[332]under (b) (3) (b) s (b) (6); Ear ateet te tpt crg6gy kN
[334]by(67; Memo draft, dated
[335]26 April 1968, ert snde> (b) (3) (a) (if USIB concurs) ;
[336]FHT O4e4, 7 May 1908; exempt under —{b} (3) (a3; (8) £635
[338]ae o0et ns Sens Ioe ope ECO git
[340]B-173, 19 September 1968, exem £ Mt
[342]$3-33-(b—.
[343]oe (b) (3) (b); RL=188,—-413-Nav: ?
[344]B-2628, 21 May 1971, (b)(3)(a),  (b)(3) (b), (b) (6); win
[345]Budapest-017, 19 May 1971, (b)(3)(b), (b) (6) ; “EX=8726,—
[347]Memorandum, 28 November 1975, exempt under (b) (3) (b).
[349]e. The following Top Secret (SI) documents
[350]which mention either Dr. or Mrs. King are held in
[351]OPS/ITG (SI) vault:
[353]Le toay 7
[354]3/0/QOF/T151-67
[355]3/0/QOY/T-58-68 |
[356]3F076OUTPTP269~6
[358]“89
[359]3/0/QOY/T57-67
[360]LOL GOUELHEETS= 9 y
[362]3/0/QOF/T95-67 .
[363]3/0/QOF/T106-67 a
[364]3f0fG0UL/TLFF—-69
[366]2. The following documents are exempt from release;
[367]exemptions are as Cited.
[371]13-00000
[373]6
[375]al
[377]eS
[379]b }
[381]37 6
[383].to the Subject in a record p
[385]CONFIDENTIAL
[387]Cables:
[389](a) Kingston-4905, dated 8 April 1968; according
[390]to (RUABBE/1) a Jamagéan service four groups are trying
[391]to get demonstrations going against the Amembassy, but
[392]without success; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1).
[394](b) Bogota-0654, dated 10 April 1968; (GISOY/GIJAY)
[395]unit intercepted propaganda: items from Cuban mail pouch.
[396]Disclosure to the requestor would identify a clandestine
[397]method of the station for obtaining information; exempt
[398]under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
[400](c) Mexico City-5210, dated 15 April 1968; Para. 3
[401]of this cable mentions an intercepted letter addressed to
[402]President Johnson protesting the King assassination.
[403](LITEMPO/12) a member of a Mexican service provided the
[404]information; exempt under (b)(1)}(5)B(1).
[406](d) Mexico City-5249, dated 17 April 1968; the
[407]Legal Attache provided composite photos of suspect in
[408]connection with King assassination and asked for check
[409]of visitors to Soviet and Cuban embassies; exempt
[410]under (b) (3) (a).
[412](e) Bogota-0703, datwd 20 April 1968 (GISOY) Qyy
[413]surveillance team followed American National with \l
[414]a striking resemblance to Galtt~exempt under (b) (3) (a)~
[416]and (b) (6).
[418](£) Paris-9506, da 22-April 1968; concerns
[419]Forman's arrival in Paris, i ental reference to
[420]the Subject; exempt under (b) (3) and (b) (6).
[422](g) Nairobi-3000, dated 14 June 1968; source
[423](TGFLER/ 1) stated he had an interview with Robert F.
[424]Williams. Incidental reference to the Subject; exempt
[425]under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
[427]_(h) Director-48988,\dated 7 November 1968;
[428]concerns a Richard George rrin, incidental reference
[429]taining to another subject
[430]ocument responsive to
[431](a) and (b) (6).
[433]and should not be considered a
[434]the requestor; exempt under (b)
[436]CONFIDENTIAL
[438]13-00000
[440]L-———
[442]G7
[444]CONFIDENTIAL
[446](i) Addis Ababa-NQ27, dated 18 August 1971;
[447]source (JEPYX-1) entertained Hosea Williams in his
[448]home during latter's visit to Ethiopia. Incidental
[449]reference to the Subject; exempt under (b) (3) (a)
[451]and (b) (6). \ Logan
[453]Dispatches: ywe@r~) && AS , 15 gud bb-os (2aQasaal a
[455](a) OELA- 48626, date
[456]a memorandum prepared by (Ru
[457]with MHALPHA-related individua
[458]to the Subject; exempt under (b)
[460]9 January 1968; forwards
[461]s F. Rodigast) which deals
[462]; incidental reference
[464])(a) and (b) (6).
[466](b) FJTA-53902, dated 29 January 1968; forwards
[467]a pamphlet (which also contains an article mentioning
[468]Dr. King's name) from BEHEIREN Hqs. in Tokyo, obtained
[469]by (POFRAGRANCE) a unilateral source still active and
[470]sensitive; exempt under (b)(3)}(a) and (b)(6).
[472](c) OEPA-982, dated 15,March 1968; forwards a
[473]copy of recent correspondencd, between (QRPHONE/1) and
[474](QRPEONY/1)}. Incidental refetence to the Subject;
[475]exempt under (b) (3) (a) and (b)(
[477](d) OEPA-1058, dated 17 ril 1968; contains
[478]operational information submitted by the Station
[479]concerning (RODIGAST)° contains an i
[480]of the name Dr. Martin Luther King;
[482](b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).
[484](e) OEPA-1097, dated 29 April 1968; is a report
[485]by (RODIGAST) on SNCC activities in Paris in the aftermath
[486]of the Dr. King assassination; exempt under (b) (3) (a)
[487]and (b) (6).
[489](£) HMMA-34688, dated 20 May 1968; contains items
[490]from (LIBIGHT/LIMUD) a sensitive teletap and mail intercept
[491]operation coverage; exempt under (b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).
[493](g) FJTA-54934, ated 31 July 1968; Americans
[494]Invited to Leftist Conference in Japan. (POFRAGRANCE/1)
[495]a unilateral source stilhactive and sensitive provided
[496]the information; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
[497]Note: An extensive search Mas failed to locate the
[498]attachment for this document. he covering dispatch
[499]makes no mention of Dr. King or his assassination.
[501]CONFIDENTIAL
[503]13-00000
[505]‘CONFIDENTIAL
[507](h) OCOA-13493, dated 27 September 1968; is a
[508]report forwarded by (SMABOVE) a Canadian service;
[509]exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1).
[511](i) OELA-51949, dated\10 February 1970; (JAGUAR)
[512]a British service forwarded press clippings (they
[513]i £ the name Dr. King)
[514]by or about a Jonathan Power; exempt under (b) (1) (S9B(1).
[516]Activities of Andrew Pulley in Ne
[518]a New. Zealand servvice provided the in
[519]exempt under (b) (1) (5)B(1)-.
[521](k) ANLA-4097, dated 16 December 1970; concerns
[522]a memorandum passed to (KRHOLLY) aNigerian security
[523]service requesting information ona watchlisting of
[524]the MHCHAOS group who were destined Africa; contain
[525]an incidental mention of the name Dr. King; exempt
[526]under (b) (3) (a). .
[528](1) OCOA-17031, dated 27 June 1972; (SMABOVE)
[529]a Canadian service provided a report on the Day of
[531]- African Solidarity; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1).
[533]Memoranda:
[535](a) EX-1239, dated 22 August 1967; is a Biographic
[536]Summary on Kunstler, William Mos incidental refefnce
[537]to the Subject; exempt under (b) (3 and (b) (6).
[539](b) Memorandum S-13, ted 5 October 1967;
[540]Subject: Views of the Reverend Daniel Mallette on
[541]the Black Militant Situation in\Chicago; incidental
[542]reference to the Subject; the infermation was obtained
[543]by QRPHONE/1, a sensitive unilater source in a personal
[544]interview with Father Mallette; exempt under (b) (3) (a)
[546]and (b) (6).
[548](c) B-35, dated 8 February. 1968; Black Nationalist
[549]Writers in Paris; incidental reference to the Subject;
[551]exempt under (b) (3) (a) and (b) (6
[553]iv)
[555]“s
[558]CONT IDENTIAL
[561]al
[563]13-00000
[565]CONFIDENTIAL
[567](d) B-75, dated 9 April 1968; Subject: Attempted
[568]Anti U.S.-Demonstrations in Kingston, according to the
[569]Special Branch of the Jamaican security service; exempt
[570]under (b) (1) (5)B(1).
[572](e) . Memorandum, dated\16 April 1968; Subject:
[573]Tentative Plans of Senator Rebert Kennedy to Visit
[574]West Berlin on 1 May. Incideytal referenc to the
[575]Subject; exempt under (b) (3) (a}\, and (b) (6).
[577](£) EX-1623, (rewritten) dated 17 April 1968;
[578]Subject: Biographic Summary omHayden, Thomas Emmett,
[579]incidental reference to the Subject; exempt under
[581](b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).
[583]{g) B-88, dated 18 April 1968; FBI provided our
[584]representative in Mexico with composite photos of
[585]suspected killer; exempt under (b) (3) (a).
[587](h) B-89, dated 22 ApriK\1968; Subject: Radio.
[588]Messages for Stokely Carmichael‘during April 1968
[589]riots in Washington, D.C. Incidental reference to the
[591]Subject; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and Xb) (6).
[593](i) B-92, dated 23 April 68; Subject: Arrival
[594]of James Rufus Forman in Paris; incidental reference to
[595]the Subject; exempt under (b)(3)(a)~and (b) (6).
[597](j) B-97, dated 25 April 1968; Subject:
[598]Investigation of Death of Martin Luther King, Jr.)
[599]concerns a subject who did not appear to be identical
[601]with FBI's suspect; exempt under (b) (3) (a).
[604](k) EX-1183 (rewrite of 9 July 1967), dated
[605]26 April 1968; is a Biographic etch of Howard Zinn;
[606]incidental reference. to the Subjest; exempt under
[608](b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).
[610](1) EX-1490, dated 14 Jun&\1968; is a Biographic
[611]Summary on Mark. William Rudd; i
[613](m) EX-2148, dated 4 Septem 1968; is a Biographic
[614]Summary on Szymanski, Albert John Jr}; incidental
[615]reference to the Subject; exempt under (3) (a) and (b) (6).
[617]CONFIDENTIAL
[619]13-00000
[621]7 CONFIDENTIAL
[623](n) B-191, dated 9 October 1968; Subject:
[624]ait Jamaican Special Branch Report - Jamaica/ United
[625]States Black Power Ties; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1).
[627](0) B-308, dated 17 February 1969; Subject:
[628]Bahamas/United States Black Power Ties; report of
[629]a British service; perenne under (b)(1)(5)B(1).
[631]ee L-13 3y-& (Feb - oS ref faanat Dr, 2, 3, be
[632]yl ~(p ee 618, dard’ 8 September 1969; Subject:
[633]| ag 2 NO, Worla Council of Peace planned delegates to Paris;
[637]ae | per Ro a sensitive reliable source revealed a Clarence
[638]i | : 7 Fielden Jones as being in contact with Martin Luther
[639]bs ad King; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
[641](q) EX-9272, dated 21 November 1972; is a summary
[642]about Ralph Henry$ incidental reference to the Subject;
[643]exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
[645](vr) EX-10198, dated 2 May 1972, concerns
[646]VB#5 and miscellaneous commen by (MHRUPEB) $
[647]incidental reference to the Subject; exempt under
[649](b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).
[651](s) CSCI-1763, dated 14 May 1968 (201-760966)-
[652]451% this file has been Closed. — Porord wn.
[654]3. Thirty FBI reports which mention the Subject and/or
[655]his activities. Excluded under 1900.3(g)(4). See Attachment I.
[657]4. The cited documents are available in this office
[658]if needed.
[660]Chief, Interfationl
[661]Operations Staff
[665]10
[667]_ CONFIDENTIAL _
[669]13-00000
[671]TO: -
[674]BUILDING
[676]REMARKS
[678]Pls note which of the SI docs.
[679]mention Mrs. King only.
[681]AXKRXMMEAX WHE KEX EKA
[682]Is NSA-the orginating agency.
[684]for all of these? o
[685]KEn Dr. biog
[689]BUILDING EXTENSION
[691]1644
[693]FORM NO. Qui REPLACES FORM 36-8
[694]WHICH MAY BE USED.
[697]13-00000
[699]“ Ly February 1968, exempt under (b)(6); EX-895, 7
[701]“March 1968; exempt under (b)(6); Kingston- 4004,
[703]6 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b),
[705](b) (1) 5(B) (1); Mexico City-5143, 7 April 1968,
[707]exempt under (b) (3) (a), (b).(3) (b); Tokyo-9443,
[709]10 April 1968, exempt under (b) (3) (a), (b) (3) (b);
[710]Dir-90530, 10 April 1968, exempt under (b) (3) (a),
[712](b) (3) (b), (b) (6); Mexico-5188, 10 April 1968, exempt
[713]under (b) (3) (b); IMWAVE-2022, 12 April 1968; exempt
[714]under (b)(3)(b); Berlin-2149, 15 April 1968, exempt
[715]under (b)(3)(b), (b) (6); Dir-92664, 18 April 1968,
[716]exempt under (b)(3)(b), (b) (6); Memo draft, dated
[718]26 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a) (if USIB concurs);
[720]HHT-6444, 7 May 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b) (6);.
[722]“ ~ “_Stockholm- 9024, 7 June 1968, exempt under (b) (3) (a),
[724](b) (3) (b), (b) (6); B-173, 19 September 1968, exempt
[726]B-2628, 21 May 1971, (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b), (b) (6);
[727]Budapest- 017, 19 May 1971, (b)(3)(b), (b) (6) ; -EX=8726,—
[728]t—under—€b} (3) €b- B66) ;
[730]- Memorandum, 28 November 1975, exempt under (b) (3) (b).
[732]. e. The following Top Secret (SI) documents
[733]' which mention either Dr. or Mrs. Sing are held in
[734]OPS/ITG (SI) vault:
[738]- 3/0/QOY/T57- 674
[740]i
[742]i
[746]3L0/G0UT/TLI7-69
[748]1
[749]i
[751]j
[752]2. The following documents are exempt from release;
[753]exemptions are as cited.
[755]5
[756]wun LEN TIAL
[758]under (b)(3)(b); RL-188, 13 November 1968, (b) (3) (a); pone
[761]13-00000
[763]UY mare Y
[764]Fide S/- bY
[766]w - a Oat 7,
[767]Maw, S © &7
[768]‘wer “B56 7] Doth?
[769]Aamwuts Ss Om «>
[770]WAVE, 26 FeGLY
[772]| Greet, Set, aL &Ris
[773]Mawe- &es~, 7 Mar 68
[774]Kine Apabs
[776]Whoa: 7 Pej ts
[778]Bo een by
[780]ye le: 4 7 . Agia ke &
[781]DR EB Rac b8
[782]we (2 Bh by
[783]| (LDA D Rois lo &
[784]Ure He “f
[785]Lee, 1 Alga &
[786]WAVE, Ap by
[788]tes os Ay : A
[789]Din, i © Aya be
[791]Le
[793]fess fost, kage |
[794]eee XM Meg
[795]a, Qe Ne
[797]rok pound Diy
[799]bi, be
[801]1 pe Nem
[803]bLb2,b3.
[804]bh, 0%, log
[806]a
[808]at,
[809]bk
[811]bi, be, b3, bv]
[812]M, b3, 624
[813]ne |
[814], RRL bs -
[815]- bi(ogn b>, bd
[816]bi (wD 3
[817]bt, Yy3
[818]Ol, bs
[819]bh! WB 2
[820]IN 6S.
[821]bi, b2,63
[822]0, 2,63
[823]bl, b2,b3
[824]lot, bs
[825]bebe.
[826]bf, 2 bb.
[827]be be
[828]bl b Sve |
[829]Dl, oS.
[831]bt 63,62
[833]bbe bk
[835]bi, bBo.
[837]13-00000
[839]Daeg | ad |
[840]ese) Ssig/al70s - C9 Mas 8 pi Ques) bs oe
[842](Abs ( 1 &o _ “ek,
[844]|
[846]Ratan - ve Lo
[848]ro ~ Sil ap Ly bib &
[850]wecR-29e77, 1) Ante mo
[852]HDA “VOIX , 18 Apr bl bl, £2, 63
[853]STH ico 1793, Bo Mor 6b Lb, BB
[855]Scr - 3/b (S20S1-~ bY, Bode bY bbe, O32.
[857]"OIR T- £788, 7 Near bi, p2) 62
[859]IAT- 723 Bo Qeboy bl, b2, 6%
[861]‘ a
[863]_
[864]| |
[865],
[867]4
[868]i
[870]i
[871]i
[874]13-00000
[876]ar
[878]i
[880]MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.
[882]Para C:
[884]I cannot match.the documents with the list you provided.
[886]Please arrange the articles chronologically and number. them
[887]lightly in pencil to correspond with numbers in a memo (see
[888]attached Memo from the DDA, 26 March 76, para be. It would be
[890]useful if you would. use that format for all your memos, as the
[892]way you have done it is very hard to follow without making errors)
[894]Also clipped documents have parts cut off of them or are almost
[896]unreadable. Can you provide better copies? -
[898]Para D:
[900]1 First document is a report whose number should be left in. © Pls
[902]provide another resanitized copy.
[904]2 Please delete dissemination controls in your sanitizations; other-
[906]wise we just have to do them over. Also classification was left
[907]on one doucment. See BBHXK clips.
[908]3 Please provide sanitized Ist a page of EX-895, 7 Mar X 68.
[910]4 Please delete cite numbers from incoming cables.
[912]Many thanks.
[913], [byy Das]Pic
[915]13-00000
[917]i
[918]i
[920]J UNCLASSIFIED =] INTERNAL, =) CONFIDENTIAL —] SECRET
[922]SUBJECT: (Optional)
[924]: gid i3 NUMBER
[925]Ti B- ZF
[926]eet _L thew Ce ve ‘be spas. Le e
[928]0/DDO/FIO “ | aa (8 Le.
[930]SUSPENSE SATE
[932]i TO: Officer designation, room number, ond -
[933]ileding) CFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[936]_ - — INITIALS to whom, Draw a line across column after each comment.)
[938]DDO/FIO att: Annette /_/ No record of subject
[939]tuber CT-5 , 2B1415
[940]Lhe /_/ No info identifiable
[941]i ra See attached memorandum
[944]13-00000
[946]h
[947]i
[948]B
[949]f
[950]i
[951]i —f
[952]i
[954]_ P RETURN TO
[956]rome 3749 ( secret  ([] CONFIDENTIAL
[958]2946
[960]a UNCLASSIFIED © O wim CO cOnFIDeNTiAL [secret
[961]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[962]| SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUES@ERUMBER
[964]new Luthee King (beisaeee Pegvesr) 76 ~ 382
[966]FROM: Ae’ DATE SENT
[967]0/DDO/FIO CT-5 & ) WE
[969]SUSPENSE DATE
[971]COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[972]to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)
[974]22 July 1976
[976]EXTENSION
[978]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
[979]building)
[983]os
[984]%.
[987]Please see attached comments.
[989][cues
[991]¢| |
[993]CI/PA (Graves)
[995]fez
[996]mi
[999]a
[1001]oe
[1003]DDO/FIO Attn: Annett // No record of subject
[1005]Tube: CT-5, 2B1415
[1007]/_/ No info identifiable
[1008]with subject
[1010]/2h see attached Somacsancam
[1012]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST |
[1014]( IATERNAL” = s]._s«UNCLASSIFIED
[1016]at
[1018]13-00000
[1020]Administrative - Internal Use Only
[1022]22 July 1976
[1024]DDO/PIC
[1026]Re: Martin Luther King (Request #F-76- 382)
[1028]In response to this request, CI Staff has no records with the
[1029]exception of one document, prepared in the Office of Security:
[1031]Memorandum for the Record, dated 1 July 1968,
[1032]Subject: King, Coretta Scott (#541 487).
[1034]A copy is attached for referral.
[1036]q. Ow) Mec hrxe—
[1037]Daniel L. Roche, Jr. ;
[1038]CI/PA
[1040]Attachment: |
[1041]Referral Document,
[1042]As Above
[1044]Administrative ~ Internal Use Only
[1047]13-00000
[1049]“| SUBJECT - Xana, . Coretta Scott’
[1051]} to in an FBI report onAlfreda ABELL, #355 109, dated 10/29/54, which -
[1052]. indicates that on 7 September 1952 ABELL, the Subject of a "Security
[1053]'.Matter-C" type investigation, Communicated with C: SCOTT, Route 1,
[1055]'. from 1947 until 6/30/52 when her employment was terminated for security |
[1057]oy in February 19015 to which she teok Eélen KAGAN | as her guest.
[1059]oh duly. 1968:
[1061]MEMORANDUM FOR : The Record.
[1063]FRM | gs MD stevens:
[1065]*, #541 487:
[1066]: AKA: Mrs. Martin Luther KING
[1069]1. Subject, w hout question, is the Coretta SCOTT referred
[1071]Box 158, Heiberger, Alabama, which addresa was daentified as the resi-
[1072]dence of Coretta SCOTT. According to the postmaster at Heiberger,
[1074]’ (in 19547), Coretta SCOTT was then attending the New England Conservatory.
[1076]of Music. (Sea attachment A) Mrs. Coretta Scott KING is said to have -
[1077]attended this Conservatory and while there to have met her future
[1078]husband. (See attachment 8)
[1080]2. Alfreda ABELL, who. was a clerk in the UN Secretariat.
[1082]reasons, was said in the New York Times on 2 January 1953 to be one of -
[1083]25 former employees of .the UN ousted as one believed to be a communist .:
[1084]_ or under communist discipline. While employed in the UN, ABELL was aa
[1085]reportedly active on behalf of the Pro-Communist group of the UN Staff |.
[1086]Committee and was friendly with, and actively participated in giving :
[1087]a party in October 1951 to honor, four persons who had been dismissed ..
[1088]by the UN for security reasons. (ie: Jeanne PICOU, identified as a
[1089]‘menber of the French Communist Party; Mary Jane KEENEY, a CP member
[1090]-active in the Communist Party underground during the late 30's-early -
[1091]hO's; Benedict Soloman ALFER, also reported to be a CP member; and.
[1092]Rajah HOWRANI, who was reportedly a Communist Party member and had a
[1093]received training in the Soviet Union. The individual said to be responsi=
[1095]3 “a ‘ble for ABELL's employment in the UN, and to-have been her supervisor
[1096]ps there at-one time, was Adam TARN, a Polish citizen said to be a Communist.
[1097]' Party member. According to the FBI report on ABELL, she registered with’.
[1099]the American Labor Party when voting in 1949 and 1952; subscribed to .
[1100]the National Guardian; and attended a W.E.B. DuBois testimonial. dinner
[1102]GROUP t
[1104]-1- Excluded from automatic
[1106]oe : | downgrading and 1 Ih dg se
[1107]. or te Mish OBER + G. By. daclasification a ed re
[1108]Teint used Ot $2 be used wfo chees’ sk +5
[1110]13-00000
[1112]Sing SOR BAMA pene fo a 8 weet
[1114]veel eocainae Greta cr 1p A TEENA NT ae ong Pe ee ES
[1120]i
[1121]f
[1125]attra ME ce we eee
[1127]pene are AMEE ES
[1129]wae AEE MeN a I NOTE
[1131]Lie ce rae De et tae Pee, te mae
[1133]3% " ABELL anG Halen KAGAN, who also was terminated at the UN
[1134]Secretiriat for security reasons, were reported in October 1952 to
[1135]veequently return to the UN premises where they were said to oftan
[1137]‘uu geen in its corridors conversing with certain Russians and alleged...
[1139]Communists. According to a confidential FBI informant, ABELL in
[1140]March 1952 made a check payable to KAGAN in the amount of $150, and
[1141]KACAN had made checks paysole to ABELL on a number of occasions.
[1143]Helen KAGAN is Helen KACGAN-POZNER, AKA: Elena Aleksandrovna Wilga, ote. ,
[1145]#348 486, who is suspected of having long engaged in Soviet intelligence
[1146]activities. Her brother, Vladimir A. POZNER, is an ide;tified KGB
[1147]officer and her cousin, Vladimir Wolf POZNER,is-a know: «sember of the
[1148]French Communist Party and is suspected of involvement in Soviet
[1149]intelligence. Her long-time consort, Peter WILGA, a leading figure
[1151]in the CPUSA, was also suspected of Soviet intelligence connections.
[1152]Helen KAGAN-POZNER WILGA is of continuing interest to the ¥BI and
[1154]to SRS.
[1156]4. At a Senate Internal Security Subcommittee hearing in
[1157]New York City in late 1952, Alfreda ABELL refused on grounds of self-
[1158]incrimination to say whether she was then or ever had been a communist,
[1159]whether she tried to ‘organiza UN workers, or whether since leaving the
[1160]UN in the Simmer of 1952 she had revisited UN headquarters in the role
[1161]of a communist organizer. The FBI continued to have an interest in
[1163]ABELL until at least Tecember 1961, the date of an FBI report in her.
[1164]file. :
[1166]5. The postmaster at Heiberger, Alabama in advising regarding.
[1167]Coretta SCOTT, as stated above, commented that she had in.the past sung . :
[1169]on the same program with Paul ROBESON at ROBESON's personal invitation.
[1170](Louis BUDENZ has stated that prior to his, (BUDENZ), defection from
[1171]the Communist Party in 1945, he knew Paul ROBESON as a secret member
[1172]of. the Communiat Party») .
[1174]BP Seal
[1176]GROUP 1
[1177]Excluded from automatic
[1179]- downgrading and
[1180]dorlercification |
[1182]ig a
[1184]wen ce oe nee etnies aon eter aero ot
[1186]foe
[1188]Loée
[1190]<p.
[1192]RETURN TOs
[1194]om 3749) SECRET (] CONFIDENTIAL x] INTERNAL —] UNCLASSIFIED
[1197]13-00000 5
[1199]SUBJECT: (Optional)
[1200]Re Martin Luth
[1202]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
[1203]building)
[1205]|. DDO/PIC  F. G. Randal
[1206]SUT =] Amber; GX-2 pls rel
[1208][] UNCLASSIFIED © (x) INTERNAL [CONFIDENTIAL [1] SECRET
[1210]REQUEST NUMBER
[1212]AICS
[1213]er King, Jr. — Harold Weisbe z F-76-382
[1215]OFFICER'S
[1217](INITIAL 3
[1218]s to whom. ial ‘a jine geross column after each comment.)
[1222]“FELTON 4ARY
[1223]DDO/PIC
[1224]EXT. 1644
[1228]104127
[1229]TUBE HT1
[1231]CL BY 004152
[1233]RETURN TOs
[1235]‘9 og 3749 Cc] SECRE
[1237]T [J CONFIDENTIAL x) (NTERNAL. «= 7]: UNCLASSIFIED
[1239]13-00000
[1241]‘Ch UNCLASSIFIED =) “INTERNAL (1 CONFIDENTIAL (1 SECRET
[1243]PRIORITY HANDLING — FOIA REQUEST
[1245]Maetw Luthe Kine (Whks pees Pequesr)
[1247]FROM: eisGandabor (TAC OATE SENT
[1248], 0/DDO/ FIO Ext. 9415 i J UWE
[1249]SUSPENSE DATE
[1251]TO: (Officer designation, room number, ond
[1252]building)
[1254]DATE
[1256]RECEIVED | FORWARDED
[1257]LY,
[1258]go
[1260]COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[1261]to whom. aw a line across column after each comment.)
[1263]1.OSG/OC
[1264]Attn: P. Marine
[1266]Z|
[1267]2, 2B16
[1269]9. DDO/FIO Attn: Annette Jt No record of subject
[1271]tube: CT-5, 2B1415 ©
[1273]Lit Ti TT ae
[1275]/~/ No info identifiable
[1276]with subject
[1278]/_/ See attached memorandu}
[1280]RETURN TO:
[1282]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[1284]7 INTERNAL = s]_sUNCLASSIFIED
[1286]fom 3749 ( secret  [[) CONFIDENTIAL
[1289]13-00000 |
[1291]dg UNCLASSIFIED CO IATERWAL
[1293]SUBJECT: (Optional)
[1295][farern Luthee ki
[1296]a
[1298]0/DDO/FIO
[1300]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
[1301]building)
[1303]FR PLANS
[1305]- PRIORITY HANDLING
[1307][] CONFIDENTIAL (] SECRET
[1309]FOIA REQUEST |
[1311]REQUEST NUMBER
[1312]7@- FRTZ
[1314]A)
[1316]DATE SENT
[1318]Weisee
[1319]EXTENSION
[1320]SUSPENSE DATE
[1321]9415
[1322]each comment to show from whom
[1324]COMMENTS (Number
[1325]to who Dra ich comment.)
[1327]wa tine across column after sac!
[1329]RETURN TO;
[1331]i273 S749 [.] SECRET
[1333]SERRRBHi},
[1334]CECEECHT
[1335]LETT TET hy
[1337]PRIORITY HANDLING
[1339](] CONFIDENTIAL
[1341][2
[1342]/_/ No info identifiable
[1343]with subject
[1345]No record of subject |
[1347]TT See attached memorandum
[1349]FOIA REQUEST
[1351]INTERNAL =] UNCLASSIFIED
[1353]13-00000 .
[1354]oe NRA A I en Ne a nN eH
[1355]Oo (NTeRNaL CONFIDENTIAL CO secret
[1357]PRIORITY HAN zh NG FOIA REQUEST -
[1359]SUBJECT: {Option al} a - a f request NUMBER a
[1360]IF %- 362)
[1362]: _ ee Se
[1363]. i Lo Lf : typt-t - FSUSPENSE DATE
[1367]ae = 7] T
[1369]e . OFFICER'S | COMMENTS (Number eoch comment tte show from whom
[1371]Fi INITIALS to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)
[1373]? oO ‘UNCLASSIFIED
[1375]3
[1376]z
[1377]z
[1378]g
[1379]o
[1381]RETURN TOr
[1383]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[1385](fom 74g Co secret (] CONFIDENTIAL [] INTFNAL [7] UNCLASSIFIED
[1387]4 he ee I ee ee es he ee la tute pees
[1390]13-00000
[1392](o) .CONFADENTIAL
[1394]component.
[1396]If deletions aré ;
[1397]ve made, please. make id. |
[1398]ve forward the ‘sanitized ersion
[1399]naa : to this Staff to send to the |.
[1400]as os requester. Cite the FOIA = |.
[1401]ie _ nn subsection which applies to. .
[1402]Wo : ‘the deleted portions.
[1403]a a Se S| " If the document.is. denied
[1405]please cite the appropriate
[1406]subsection (s) of the FOIA.
[1407]In both of the above:
[1408]‘kg a instances please name the
[1409]To | denying official.
[1412]13-00000 np
[1413]- ae 7
[1414](] UNCEASSIFIED =|) yggFRNAL [1 CONFIDENTIAL ==] SECRET
[1416]oe _— ~ | .
[1417]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST [iE
[1418]SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER 4
[1419]| Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. bh requested by weiner rion | q
[1421]FROM: EXTENSION | DATE SENT . . q
[1422]DDO/PIC _ 5 Aug 76 ;
[1423]M. Felton . SUSPENSE DATE
[1424]1D4125 1644 LBXEX 9 Aug 76
[1426]=~ 4
[1427]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and | ae . Le a
[1428]building) © OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom: }.
[1430]| recewveo | rorwaroeo| INITIALS fo whom. . Draw a line across column after each comment.) a |
[1431]|. q ; : fe
[1432]Mr. W. Strubitts
[1433]SA/LA/EICO
[1434]2,
[1435]5.
[1439]- FOIA request. Pls cite |
[1440]exemptions for denials and
[1441]partial denials.
[1442]Thanks.
[1443]| oMFelton —
[1445]Bae
[1447]; itt | “1 4
[1448]eT3 ‘Pls review the attached for | |
[1449]‘release to Weisberg per his |. |
[1451]2 to 8:
[1453]Have sanitized the
[1454]attached documents for release
[1455]to Weisberg.
[1457]Z
[1459]a
[1462]M. FElton HT-1
[1464]RETURN TO?
[1466]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST |
[1467]rom 3749 oO SECRET [1 CONFIDENTIAL oO ae oO UNCLASSIFIED
[1469]wR ee ee the tec pene ine an ne anne aaa ae ee ee a ee LS CTS CE OE SORES LOO ESTEE
[1472]Tet eee enter nenen foarte aay tae rte SENIOR 4 TTT,
[1474]UNCLASSIFIED =] INTERNAL [1] CONFIDENTIAL [] SECRET
[1476]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[1478]SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER
[1479]Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,requested by Weisberg F76~382 q
[1481]FROM: EXTENSION | DATE SENT
[1482]M, Felton ; 5 Aug 76
[1483]DDO/PIC SUSPENSE DATE
[1484]6: ‘9 Aug 76
[1486]1D4125 |
[1487]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
[1488]COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[1490]building)
[1491]Draw a line across column after each comment.)
[1493]' H. Thompson .
[1494]EA/OEM/FOI BU-2 ! (7 OPS/ITG propeses we pass the
[1495]attached document to Weisberg
[1496]in response to his FOIA
[1497]request. Do you-agree with’
[1498]this. and with their saniti-
[1499]zation? In particular, do
[1500]you agree with leaving the
[1501]addressj@t the top of the
[1502]attachment to the dispatch?
[1503]Thank you.
[1504]MFelton
[1506]S don't think we :
[1507]Mba bh Ag Me j
[1508]i Loree AA 4 Op i
[1510]‘|e M. Felton Ls ty cde . |
[1511]DDO/PIC HT] a the med LL. :
[1512]fave To Ge Pemoid, |
[1514]2-4: Agee, we de wot —
[1516]Lotior TUR "9, ; ‘a oe ,
[1520]te equator Dhow oy _ ‘i
[1522]Wr ceemeel FAH FC FEF |
[1524]ee 27
[1525]te le hl
[1527]RETURN TO:
[1531]UNCLASSIFIED
[1533]PRIORITY HANDLING — FOI
[1535]( secret [] CONFIDENTIAL [) {NTERNAAY =
[1539]FORM 3749
[1543]C1 UNCLASSIFIED ~ © (2) INTERNAL CONFIDENTIAL CI secret
[1545]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[1547]SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER
[1549]Martin Luther King, Jr., requested by Weisberg F76-382
[1551]FROM , “ EXTENSION | DATE SENT :
[1552]Felt ;
[1553]M. Felton 5 Aug 76
[1555]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and 7 .
[1556]building) OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[1558]ITI.
[1559]RECEIVED INITIALS to whom. Draw a line across column after each commen vt)
[1561]"Mr. C. LaClair 8) AUG 976
[1563]EUR/EXO GS-6 Pis review the attached docu-
[1564]ments for release to Weisberg
[1565]per his FOIA request. Thanks.
[1567]MFelton-
[1569]Ee
[1571]/Z
[1573]Ruf
[1575]4~ SVE
[1576]Ogu
[1578]aHESari
[1579]MLZ
[1581]CLA
[1583]OWI — (2 Iadebied
[1584]laa “wo Trees
[1586]Cat bR
[1588]eur lexo CS-69
[1591]ATTN: Mary HT_]
[1596]RETURN TO:
[1598]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA
[1600]O93 3749 [1 SECRET - a8 CONFIDENTIAL = Pat O UNCLASSIFIED
[1603]i en pe eT RR RR te cane ee ei te ag mY
[1605]13-00000
[1607]C unctassiFiep oO cv RNAL ~3>* (7) CONFIDENTIAL | [] SECRET
[1609]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[1611]SUBJECT: (Optional) . REQUEST NUMBER q
[1613]Martin Luther King, Jr requested by Weisberg F76-382 }.
[1615]: j a EXTENSION | DATS, SENT ;
[1617]M. Felton mo Le Ay ;
[1620]104125 a Rony
[1622]TO: (Ofcer designation, room number, ond :
[1623]building) COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[1625]to whom, Draw a line across column after each comment.) :
[1627]Pils review the attached. docu-|.
[1628]ment. for release to Weisberg
[1629]per his request. Cite
[1630]exemptions for deletions « or .
[1631]denial. Thank you. :
[1633]' MDFelton
[1635]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[1637]ong 3749 Cl SECRET O CONFIDENTIAL O wea 0! UNCLASSIFIED
[1639]eT ke alate ect esi tcc gt a Sb
[1643]13-00000
[1645]Ww
[1647]Cl uncassinied =O Ua [1] CONFPDENTIAL
[1649]4X] SECRET
[1651]SUBJECT: (Optional) . REQUEST NUMBER
[1652]; FOI Request - Martin Luther King, Jr.
[1654](Harold Weisberg - Requester)
[1656]¥F 76-382
[1658]FROM: | : EXTENSION | DATE SENT
[1660]Donald G. Vorhis 7486 R 9271. 26 July 1976
[1661]Sally Weiler _ 6400 R 9581 [susrense DATE
[1663]IPS/DDA 2E42 2E42  “Hqs_ D: DX~2 31 July 1976
[1665]TO: [Officer designation, room designation, room ‘number, 6 ond OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom {]
[1666]. {NITIALS to whom. Drow o line ocross column after each comment.)
[1667]FORWARDED
[1668]: DDO/PIC Mr. Randall
[1669]ee The attached 7 documents |
[1671]2 Pls relay to HT-1 Amber
[1673]were surfaced by 08S/IRG
[1674]in its search on Subject. The -
[1675]documents originated in your
[1677]component or predecessor
[1678]a} — component..
[1679]Y, Uf) Please review the docu-
[1681]ments to determine if they
[1682]can be released to Subject
[1683]in full, in sanitized form,
[1685]or they are to be denied.
[1687]If the documents are
[1688]releasable in full, please —
[1689]have them declassified by an
[1690]authorized officer of your
[1691]component.
[1693]If deletions are to be
[1694]made, please make them and
[1695]forward the sanitized versio
[1697]to this Staff to send to the
[1699]requester. Cite the FOIA
[1701]subsection which applies to
[1703]the deleted portions.
[1705]If the document is denied
[1707]please cite the appropriate
[1708]_ subsection(s) of the FOIA. ;
[1709], In both of the above
[1710]instances please name the
[1711]denying official.
[1713]We do| not know anything more about this
[1714]incident. Inasmuch as it apparently did
[1715]not abpear in the press, I am afraid that |
[1717]the ihformation in these memoranda, if
[1718]put into the public domain, could jeopar-
[1719]oe “"“aige bur relationship with the person who |
[1720]r provided it to us. Therefore both docu-
[1721], ments! are ebing denied pussuant to
[1722]~ BCL), Ch) (2) po) (MEL
[1724]UNCLASSIFIED
[1726]qPe et
[1728]13-00000
[1730]LISTING OF ATTACHED DOCUMENTS
[1732](1). Memorandum from DCS, dated 28 May 49 6
[1734](2) Memorandum to Director, DCs, # ag
[1735]dated 19 February 1969. ; ce ;
[1736](3) “DDO cable, dated 8 June 1968, a
[1737]IN 27362. ; oo ;
[1739]7 (4). DDO cable, dated 8 June 1968,  @7
[1740]IN 27366. ; . ot .
[1741]. (5) DDO cable, dated 8 June 1968,
[1742]IN 27367. a
[1745](6) DDO dispatch, UFGT-16828, dated —- 7
[1746]15 July 1966.
[1748](7) DDO biographic data on Martin
[1750]-Luther King, dated 5 November 1967. an
[1753]13-00000 3A Abe ye
[1755]vias ; . owe . . :
[1756]O] UNCLASSIFIED =») INTERNAL (1) CONFIDENTIAL =~ =] SECRET:
[1757]| ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET |
[1759]SUBJECT: (Optional) . kn.
[1760]Request for copy of CIA Cable from CIA Reference File
[1762]FROM: Cable Secretariat/Reference File
[1763]-Mr, Garnett U. Tate -
[1764]; Chief, Cable Archives
[1766]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
[1767]COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[1768]whem. Oraw a line across column after each comment)
[1770]. building)
[1771]_ The attached Form 1604,
[1772]"Archives Cable Service",
[1773]requests a copy of a CIA cable
[1774]for which the dissemination is
[1775]restricted. Would you please: -
[1777](a) Forward the attached copy =
[1778]to the requester (shown on
[1779]Form 1604 or;
[1781](b) Return the attached copy to
[1782]Cable Archives with guidance
[1783]in order that we may notify the
[1784]requester of the disposition of
[1785]his request. .
[1787][7] INTERNAL = ]CUUNCLASSIFIED
[1789]oon 610 “torrens C) secret = ((] CONFIDENTIAL
[1794]13-00000 _ |
[1795]- . 2 ‘ .
[1796]| otf 7 CONFIDENTIAL on
[1798](When Filled In)
[1800]REQUEST FOR DISSEMINATION CHANGE OR CABLE REFERENCE SERVICE
[1802]NAME OF REQUESTER
[1804]e
[1806]TO: CABLE SECRATARIAT BRANCH, 0C
[1807]’ CABLE REFERENCE SECTION -
[1808]JA-53 HQS. EXT. 6159, TUBE ES=6°
[1810]7 oo Po
[1812]¥| } It is requested that the dissemination of
[1813]In/DIR NUMBER
[1815]be changed as indicated.
[1817]STATION NUMBER
[1818][7] ano:
[1819]L_] Recall copies from:
[1821]| Change action from:
[1822]Authorized by: -
[1824]NAME (type or print)
[1826]In coordination with: -
[1827]‘NAME (type or print)
[1829]Please furnish one copy of the cable described. I have va
[1830]made inquiry of the CS Records control system. .
[1832]STATION NUMBER
[1834]IN/DIR NUMBER
[1836]it VE ee nm
[1838]My , . flew
[1839]Frye Any
[1841]: T ow a UR E
[1842]° CONFIDENTIAL a7,
[1844]trove 1604 USE PREVIOUS EDITIONS
[1846]13-00000
[1849]13-00000 1
[1851]bet eo CONFIDENTIAL
[1853](When Filled In)
[1855]TO: CABLE SECRATARIAT BRANCH, OC
[1856]CABLE REFERENCE SECTION
[1857]TA-53 HQS. EXT. 6159, TUBE £S=6-
[1860]'
[1862]CL Jit is requested that the dissemination of
[1864]tN/DIR NUMBER
[1866]be changed as indicated.
[1868]STATION NUMBER
[1870][| ADD:
[1871]Cc] Recall copies from:
[1872]| | Change action from:
[1873]Authorized by:
[1875]name (type or print)
[1876]In coordination with:
[1878]“NAME (type or print)
[1880][__] Please furnish one copy of the cable described. I have [__] have not | ]
[1881]made inquiry of the CS Records control system.
[1883]IN/DIR NUMBER STATION NUMBER DATE SUBJECT
[1885]2 onyt
[1886]s wy
[1887]Ve a
[1889]trey2 FGOW use previous EDITIONS CONFIDENTIAL E2, IMPDET CL. BY: 007622 | {47}
[1894]13-00000
[1896]re (9G
[1898]a SECRET :
[1900]FELTON MARY “> “ " HR-58)
[1901]wosPic — 194127 INDEX SEARCH AND 201 €ONSOLIDATION REQUEST
[1902]EXT. 1644 TUBE HT1
[1904]{P/F I CONTROL NO.
[1906]SECRET E2 IMPDET CL BY 004108
[1908]TUBE | ROOM | DATE INTTIALS REQUESTER’S NOTES
[1910]THIS REQUEST REFERS TO
[1911]IP/ INDEX DT-5 184003 Vv, . (Doc. Ref.)
[1912](NA ;
[1914]SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS (TO IP/IN)
[1916]GIVEN NAMES
[1918]SPELLING VARIATIONS TO BE SEAR ~ 201 NO. IF KNOWN
[1921]OTHER IDENTIFYING DATA (Occupation, CP membership, I. S.
[1922]affiliations, etc.)
[1924]AKA. ALIASES
[1926]DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH CITIZENSHIP RESIDENCE
[1928]RESULTS OF IP/ INDEX SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS FOR REQUESTERS ;
[1929]NO RECORDS IDENTIFIABLE WITH SUBJECT THERE ARE OTHER INDICES THAT YOU SHOULD CONSIDER.
[1930]SEE REVERSE SIDE FOR CHECKLIST OF OTHER INDICES AND.
[1932]7 201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS.
[1933]SURNAME NOT FOUND IN FILES ™~.
[1934]TO ORDER DOCUMENTS
[1936]Vg
[1937]INDEX RECORDS ATTACHED 1. REVIEW INDEX RECORDS.
[1938]2. DRAW GREEN DIAGONAL LINE ACROSS ITEMS YOU DO
[1940]i
[1942]THERE ARE RECORDS OF WHICH NOT WANT.
[1944]ARE FNU?S WHICH MAY PERTAIN TO THE SUBJECT OF 3+ FORWARD TO IP/FILES,
[1945]THIS SEARCH; THESE MAY BE REVIEWED IN IP/IN.
[1946]184003. *
[1948]COMMENTS
[1950]TO EDIT THE INDEX RECORDS
[1952]AFTER RECEIPT OF THE DOCUMENTS, EDIT THE INDEX RECORD
[1954]ACCORDING TO DO! 70-19.
[1956]1- TO DESTROY INDEX RECORD: MARK THE INDEX RECORD WITH
[1957]A GREEN D, AND CITE THE REASON.
[1959]2- TO MAKE CORRECTIONS/ADDITIONS: ENTER THE CHANG” = ON
[1960]THE INDEX RECORD IN GREEN !NK.
[1962]3- FORWARD TO IP/RMS VIA YOUR RECORDS OFFICER
[1964]eet Sone ac Sie
[1966]REQUEST NO./DATE/TIME 20! CONSOLIDATION
[1968]INSTRUCTIONS ON REVERSE
[1969]SIDE.
[1971]a Te To :
[1972]FORM 1h x PDET CL. BY; 007622 (4-8-38)
[1973]sera 902 oor tons ws SECRET £2, IM
[1975]13-00000
[1980]z
[1981]4
[1982]z
[1983]Pa
[1985]m
[1986]fs)
[1987]x
[1988]m
[1990]x
[1992]“201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS (See 001. 70-20)
[1994]1F SUBJECT HAS A 201 FILE,: SEND THIS FORM TO IP/RMS WITH THE INDEX RECORDS
[1995]MARKED. IN.GREEN TO REFLECT THE CONSOLIDATION ACTION TAKEN. (Documents
[1996]should then be placed in the 201, by the Researcher).
[1998]WHEN SUBJECT HAS NO 201 FILE. BUT MEETS THE REQUIREMENT FOR OPENING A 201
[1999]FILE, SEND THIS FORM TO IP/RMS WITH:
[2001]A. A COMPLETED FORM 831.
[2003]B. ALL PERTINENT DOCUMENTS, EXTRACTS, AND PROPERLY ED!ITED RECORDS FOR
[2004]CONSOLIDATION OF THE FILE BY IP/RMS.
[2006]SIGNATURE OF RECORDS OFFICER
[2008]CHECKLIST OF OTHER INDICES: REQUESTER SHOULD ALSO CONSIDER TRACING THE FOLLOWING SOURCES WHICH ARE NOT
[2009]; SEARCHED BY IP/ INDEX (SEE NAME TRACE HANDBOOK). .
[2011]DATE DATE DATE DATE
[2012]REQUESTED | RECEIVED SOURCE REQUESTED] RECE!VED
[2014]CENTRAL REFERENCE SERVICE
[2016]CiA LIBRARY
[2018]iforrice oF security
[2020]SOURCE
[2022]DO AREA DESKS
[2023]IP/ARCHIVES
[2025]OFFICE OF MEDICAL SERVICES
[2026]DOMESTIC COLLECTION DIVISION .
[2028]SB BIOGRAPHICS BRANCH
[2029]TRAVEL PROGRAMS
[2030]NAME OF BEARER FILE/OTS |
[2032]CUA APPLICANTS FILE/OFFICE OF PERSONNEL
[2034]DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
[2036]| _____s [DEFENSE CENTRAL INDEX
[2037]| s[ceNTRAL REGISTRY - EUROPE
[2040]SPECIAL ACTIVITIES GROUP-SS/IL (WFTU)
[2041]COVER AND COMMERCIAL STAFF
[2042]OPERA- RESERVE OFFICERS FILE
[2043]TIONS
[2044]STAFF INTERAGENCY SOURCE REG.
[2046]Cl OPERATIONS: CAPTURED GERMAN DOCUMENTS
[2048]DEPARTMENT OF STATE
[2050]SECRET SERVICE
[2051]DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
[2053]-Tg/G PROGRAM
[2054]“[wH SUBVERSIVES PROGRAM,
[2056]LT REMARKS
[2058]j.
[2060]GL.HdEH 2 EZ NOP
[2064]SECRET
[2066]13-00000
[2070]Gaon _—
[2071]i oo a a oo
[2073]a “MATN INDEX SEARCH RESPONSE — ns ¢:) 9 <2: ee .
[2074]- _ ark et eaiock Aaah inten eae ee
[2075]RGI-WO NOt —TerteeKoT— "REQUESTER? HR580 FELTON MARY ~~ “0007P eo TUST eT 186 AT OT
[2077]NAMES KRING? MARTIN: CUTHER ~~ YOR" “SEXSCIT= ee ~ a a
[2078]“ORTGING A DUR? PURPUS E: FOS PRTY= R _UTPT?0300 FNUS SPELLS MASKS MAT ——
[2080]CONTROL CODE 034=MAS=760618=14211B=O00T5 ~~ 142103 ae an <i :
[2082]ow
[2084]SOOL KING: MARTIN LUTHER ee a ne’ 4 —_ Loh. - ra
[2085]- SEX HO Sane — — = TURE - (pty gre page
[2086]ie On tt al © )<y: Seen - — ae nl pocorn anne ae oe 23 aPREe ae 5 ufc}
[2087]—"——<TY "BE INTERVIEWED BY PAUL KRASSNER™ “CONTACT” “OF” “SUBS pas ay 7) a
[2088]Scccceiae 0\ “ari 0 0 ie 2:<°1 6h Aan ae ; me 7 Kr = 48-959
[2089]“FORMERLY: SS NO SOUR ee ee
[2090]OE ==LUCATOR DA TAS ORDER FRUM TP/OR Sa meee ee ee
[2092]~~ DBA-0142 2 : - 29 JO 62 06186240 _ : —— a : ° :
[2094]STSICE-MML SSS TLS 2 UG EEUU
[2096]“SEX” or _
[2097]"MENTIONED IN CONNECTION WITH L6TH NATIONAL CON-
[2098]~ TENTION OF CP, USA. PAGE -
[2100]scAO ‘poe NG “DATEY "SS-NO
[2102]“GC-52—
[2104]_ “20 SEP 12 035527255
[2105]1 —. ee ee
[2106]a - - Tren - PAGE
[2107]===CONTINUED: HRD BO : 13114600
[2109]ES EMPDET CL BY OS4979 (0c rere ern nts erties ese
[2111]13-00000
[2113]| —
[2115]i -- - a -
[2116]0 70 a By KT mee 7M ART IN LUTHER 7 REVe/™ remem 200-009-094
[2118]ee “OF B=82024" rn 2
[2120]—**COCATOR DATA? ORDER FROM TP7CRS — GC-
[2122]a _ “APERTURE CARDS AVAILCABL ~~
[2124]JO04 KING: Me Ce 7REVe/
[2126]074=006-04
[2128]™ “SS COCATOR D FATA GSRDER” FROM IP/CRS ~ “GC-527~
[2130]— “APERTURE CARDS AVATUABL™
[2131]TRA RUC TOR
[2133]~ “OT SAN 58 O8049094
[2135]oo05” “KING? | MARTIN
[2137]SEX M 095 L4APR24
[2139]_ POB USA NJER » “HOBOKEN — °
[2141]~ CIT USA
[2143]"RES USA. HUSB OF KING, Eva 720I- ST WLLELTA
[2145]— BRSLOCATOR ‘DATA: ORDER FROM IP/CRS - GC-52 000
[2146]ve vest vty etn tannin seinen innit rissa’ 3, APROUS 09272198
[2147]i END OF REPLY =" 0005 RECORDS LISTEG
[2149]7 ~ aT Ea” TMPOET Ch LY OS490T?
[2152]a
[2154]“PAG
[2156]eee “ENC” (OFS ~ “TSTT43" —
[2158]a 7
[2160]or oe
[2161]a sy
[2165]Cote oe __SECRET 8,
[2167]FRO” . + On kates ; BADGE NO.
[2168]FELTON MARY HR-580
[2169]DDO/PIC 104127
[2171]pean EXT. 1644 TUBE HT1
[2173]THIS REQUEST REFERS TO
[2174](Doc. Ref.)
[2176]eae SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS (TO IP/IN)
[2178]SPELLING VARIATIONS JO BE SEARCHED
[2180]AKA, ALIASES
[2182](F KNOWN
[2184]201 NO.
[2188]OTHER IDENTIFYING DATA (Occupation, CP membership,
[2189]affiliations, ete.)
[2191]fissnacin UE Dp. King,
[2193]DATE OF BIRTH (2) PLACE OF B81RTH CITIZENSHIP
[2195]RESULTS OF IP/ INDEX SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS FOR REQUESTERS
[2197]THERE ARE OTHER INDICES THAT YOU SHOULD CONSIDER.
[2198]SEE REVERSE SIDE FOR CHECKLIST OF OTHER INDICES AND
[2199]201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS.
[2201]NO RECORDS IDENTIFIABLE WITH SUBJECT
[2203]SURNAME NOT FOUND IN FILES
[2205]Wy
[2207]THERE ARE RECORDS OF WHICH
[2208]ARE FNU'S WHICH MAY PERTAIN TO THE SUBJECT OF
[2209]THIS SEARCH; THESE MAY BE REVIEWED IN IP/IN.
[2211]1B4003.
[2213]we
[2215]REQUEST NO./DATE/TIME
[2217]1. REVIEW INDEX RECORDS.
[2219]2. DRAW GREEN DIAGONAL LINE ACROSS ITEMS YOU DO
[2220]NOT WANT.
[2222]3. FORWARD TO IP/FILES.
[2224]EX RECORDS ATTACHED
[2226]AFTER RECE!PT OF THE DOCUMENTS
[2227]ACCORDING TO DOI 70-19,
[2228]f- TO DESTROY INDEX RECORD: MARK THE INDEX RECORD WITH
[2229]A GREEN D, AND CITE THE REASON.
[2230]2. TO MAKE CORRECTIONS/ADDITIONS: ENTER THE CHANGES ON
[2231]THE INDEX RECORD IN GREEN INK.
[2232]+ FORWARD TO 1P/RMS VIA YOUR RECORDS OFFICER
[2234]« EDIT THE INDEX RECORD
[2236]201 CONSOLIDATION
[2237]INSTRUCTIONS ON REVERSE
[2238]SIDE.
[2240]1976 JUL 28 PH 3:22 261224
[2242]FO -2, IMPDET CL. BY: 007622 (4-8-38)
[2243]arya 962 eet tons oY SECRET fa ,
[2246]13-00000
[2248]a
[2250]- 8, - SECRET ”
[2252]. o
[2254]201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS (See DO! 70-20)
[2256]1. [F SUBJECT HAS A 201 FILE, SEND THIS FORM TO IP/RMS WITH THE INDEX RECORDS
[2257]MARKED IN GREEN TO REFLECT THE CONSOLIDATION ACTION TAKEN. (Documents
[2258]should then be placed in the 201, by the Researcher).
[2260]2. WHEN SUBJECT HAS NO 201 FILE, BUT MEETS THE REQUIREMENT FOR OPENING A 201
[2261]FILE, SEND THIS FORM TO IP/RMS WITH:
[2263]A. A COMPLETED FORM 831.
[2265]B. ALL PERTINENT DOCUMENTS, EXTRACTS, AND PROPERLY EDITED RECORDS FOR
[2266]CONSOLIDATION OF THE FILE BY IP/RMS.
[2268]SIGNATURE OF RECORDS OFFICER . : DATE
[2270]CHECKLIST OF OTHER INDICES: REQUESTER SHOULD ALSO CONSIDER TRACING THE FOLLOWING SOURCES WHICH ARE NOT
[2271]SEARCHED BY IP/INDEX (SEE NAME TRACE HANDBOOK).
[2273]‘DATE
[2274]SOURCE REQUESTED
[2275][cis uiprany
[2277]DATE
[2278]| ss foomestic COLLECTION DIVISION
[2280]QO AREA DESKS
[2281]P/ARCHIVES
[2283]OMINT NAME CHECK
[2285]6B BIOGRAPHICS BRANCH
[2287]RAVEL PROGRAMS
[2288]AME OF BEARER FILE/OTS
[2289](A APPLICANTS FILE/OFFICE OF PERSONNEL
[2291]DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE fo
[2292]DEFENSE CENTRAL INDEX |
[2294]PECIAL ACTIVITIES GROUP-SS/IL (WFTU)
[2296]CENTRAL REGISTRY - EUROPE
[2298]OVER AND COMMERCIAL STAFF
[2300]2PERA- | RESERVE OFFICERS FILE
[2301]STAFF INTERAGENCY SOURCE REG. Jiens ——CSY
[2302]1 OPERATIONS: CAPTURED GERMAN DOCUMENTS
[2304]DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY =
[2306]H SUBVERSIVES PROGRAM
[2308]EMARKS
[2310]ACE LHS .
[2312]SECRET
[2314]DATE DATE. J —---
[2315]RECEIVED SOURCE REQUESTED] RECEIVED
[2317]13-00000
[2319]tas evde crews ed ba. Sew 1 '
[2320]. ne wade
[2322]7 + at tae Tr.
[2324]fhe te od syeiea arn 4
[2325]or a ne euUau
[2327]APOR Unt
[2328]on = cee cee pty wry . ne . a bows a . wee
[2332]; real
[2333]i Pore : . ~ . . .
[2334]PY be dea TT tn aS . . . a
[2335]5 - : - a “
[2336]no Ck 17>
[2338]et
[2342]as - Sn tr se me ome ~
[2343]wl es
[2345]O0000-€1L
[2347]FORM 1870 USE PREVtous : ; SECRETE : - _ CL. BY: 007622 (38)
[2348]2°74 EDITIONS
[2351]13-00000
[2353]SECRET |
[2354](When Filled In) a0
[2356]Py ras
[2358]DOCUMENT SERVICE REQUEST
[2360]DATE OF REQUEST °
[2362]H PHONE NO.'¢ .
[2364]a _.INSTRUCTIONS ae
[2365](\ d ‘Use this. form: to request files and/or docun en ts:
[2366]AY from IP/FILES. (Not
[2368]. to be used.in Lieu of' .
[2369]362.) IS :
[2370]“2. Include badge number and tube station in. "FROM":
[2371]| block if gummed -1ab ; ee
[2373]IP/FILES—
[2375]REQUESTER:
[2377]. has not been issued.
[2379]a “charge: - °  . Loe
[2380]IP/EALES : ms
[2382]. 2 a] Permanent:
[2384]source of reference:
[2386]PSUBJECT .( mus
[2388]use" PREVIOUS
[2389]EDITIONS
[2391]H RORM™ |:
[2395]. al
[2396]PARA SEE REAR NAAT hr a ACEO PROMS ERT OST BERR NEE TPR MMR“ Spt iti gaan smucaten a so smdacam apt ares Leese
[2397]_ Steg i ;
[2399]evranrEwatandmeeneavenatarine ones tae saga a 7
[2401]“be
[2404]1300000 os
[2406]~]__[OmeCT RePtY | Jonerane Remy |
[2407]DISPATCH || RECOMMENDATION _|
[2408][RETURN |
[2410]| | PME RETR
[2411]| firormarion | | stanature
[2413]“costs to IPS, Note we can
[2414]Y the actual search time for
[2418]sites to P. Cochran about. this on
[2420]One , but I'd like to get it in
[2421]Thanks)
[2423]FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER
[2425]1976!
[2427]13-00000
[2429]FOIA REQUEST “MANAGEMENT INFORMAT ION
[2431]<4 7
[2433]TITLE OF DOCUMENT(S) AND/OR SUBJECT
[2435]. FR76-382
[2436]WEISBERG request on Martin LUther King and James Earl Ray a
[2438]SEARCH COST (To be CLASSIFICATION REVIEW COST (io. ‘bes.
[2441]po
[2442]|
[2444]TOTAL COST _ TOTAL COST
[2446]DO NOT DETACH THIS SLIP CHIEF, INFORMATION REVIEW STAFF
[2447]RETURN TO > 7 C 28 Headquarters .
[2449]FORM OBSOLETE PREVIOUS , ‘
[2450]1075 3533 2oi sions . (13-47)
[2453]13-00000
[2456]13-00000 -
[2460]- ad cd i
[2461]ws - ve .
[2462]. s
[2465]bt ened
[2467]SENDER WILL CHECK CLASSIFICATION TOP AND BOTTOM
[2469][—[ conrmenriat || ssenei |
[2470]- OFFICIAL ROUTING. SLIP
[2472]”: | NAME AND ADORESS - [eat] INITIALS
[2474]DIRECT REPLY |- | PREPARE REPLY
[2475]DISPATCH |__| RECOMMENDATION
[2476]|
[2480]- If you've. no: objection, - would .
[2481]like to-pry. cout, some. sort: of |
[2483]FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENOER
[2484]fiom: nase sporess ave pene wo, _[_eate
[2486]A: F. Addona. -C
[2488]| ]- UNCLASSIFIED | | CONFIDENTIAL im SECRET’ |
[2490](40) .
[2492]Fon » 237 Use previous editions
[2495]13-00000
[2497]Cancussi OBER
[2499]‘Charles A. Briggs. -
[2500]‘Chief, Services Staff
[2502]TO: (Officer designotion,. room number;: and: !+
[2503]building) a _— an
[2505]COMMENTS (Number. each comment: to. thow fromwhom :
[2506]Draw-e line across column. after each comment) .
[2508]seer, O10 “Sfomonz’® [7] SECRET = CONFIDENTIAL - INTERNAL A UNCLASSIFIED.
[2510]13-00000 -
[2511]-[)-UNCAASSIFIED.
[2513]Este] SECRET
[2516]00000
[2518]13
[2521]13-00000
[2523]_ Opinion regarding what, if any, privacy rights the family :
[2525]_ Administrative - ternal Use Only _
[2527]15 July 1976
[2529]. MEMORANDUM FOR: Office of General Counsel :
[2533]SUBJECT > Request For Opinion--FOIA (b) (6) &
[2534]- Privacy Act
[2536]REFERENCE : FOIA Request 76- 382, copy attached .
[2538]1. Mr. Weisberg has requested under the FOIA
[2539]information on:
[2541]a. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
[2542]b. Earl Ray
[2544]c. Other individuals involved with the
[2545]assassination of Dr. King.
[2547]2. To ensure consistency in. making determinations
[2548]for release under both the FOIA exemptions (b) (6) and
[2549]the Privacy Act, of requests such as Mr. Weisberg's, ;
[2550]would you please state the current legal criteria to...
[2551]apply to these type cases. Specifically, it would be ™
[2552]helpful to the DDO to have a clearly enunciated legal
[2554]of a deceased individual might have vis-a-vis the deceased" a
[2555]individual. Further, what, if any, privacy rights does |
[2556]a convicted felon have. 0 SEER
[2558]; 3. We are aware that each case must be judged on
[2559]its own facts. Hence, we would be grateful for your
[2561]opinion regarding the criteria to apply to Mr. Weisberg's
[2562]“request. However, a general rule applicable to the type
[2563]of request also would be very useful, would expedite the
[2565]processing of such requests, and would apply some consistency
[2566]in the decision-making process. _
[2568]Charles A. Briggs
[2569]Chief, Services Staff
[2571]Attachment: Reference .
[2573]cc: Paul Haefner, OPS/ITG
[2575]ag tt
[2576]Agministralive - Internal se Only
[2579]Chief, tir ¥rorism Group’
[2580]. : Pperatitons Staff
[2582]WL 5 ebbe OCI,
[2584]FS bs . . ; : : | . f _
[2586]Tdemeoet eu AILS.
[2588]CONFIDENTIAL
[2591]13-00000
[2593][1] UNCLASSIFIED) =] {TERNAL [1 CONFIDENTIAL [1 SECRET
[2595]PRIORITY H HANDLING | FOIA REQUEST
[2597]SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER
[2598]HAROLD WEISBERG FOR MARTIN LUGHTER KING AND JAMES
[2600]EXTENSION DATE SENT
[2601]SUSPENSE DATE
[2603]OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[2604]INITIALS fo whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)
[2606]These are the documents
[2607]on.Ray only. Please
[2608]review them and let me
[2609]know if there are any
[2610]changes you want made
[2611]on them. ;
[2613]OGC is currently
[2615]reviewing them and writing
[2616]the affadavit. Court
[2618]date is 22 May.
[2620]We will have to incorporate
[2621]mM your changes into the
[2622]affadavit.
[2624]-Helen 18 3125 Thanks
[2625]Helen X1313
[2627]RETURN TO:
[2629]on 3 3749 Co) secret O CONFIDENTIAL "oy era (UNCLASSIFIED
[2631]13-00000
[2633]CONFIDENTIAL
[2635]27 JUL 1976
[2637]MEMORANDUM FOR: Privacy and Information Officer, DDO
[2639]SUBJECT: Weisberg Request (James Earl Ray)
[2640]Part II
[2641]REFERENCE: 76-F-382
[2643]1. This office maintains a two volume 201 file
[2644](201-832732) on the Subject. These files and other
[2645]records in this office revealed the following:
[2647]a. The following overt items are releasable to
[2648]the requestor. There are no exemptions. Life, dated
[2649]3 May 1968; New York Times, dated 26.April 1968;
[2650]Washington Star, dated 8 May 1968; Washington Star,
[2651]dated Z& April 1968; Ray's Odd Odyssey, undated;
[2653]UPI, datet&.17 May 1968; Reuters, Lisbon, dated 9
[2654]June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 9 June 1968;
[2656]Star, dated 2 Ju 1968; Washington Post, dated 28
[2657]June 1968; Reuters} London, dated 27 June 1968;
[2658]Reuters, London, dated. 27 June 1968; Reuters, London,
[2660]27 June 1968; Associat Press, London, dated 27 —
[2661]June 1968; Reuters, Londen, dated 27 June 1968;
[2663]Associated Press, London, “dated 27 June 1968;
[2664]Associated Press, London, dated 27 June 1968; United
[2665]Press International (UPI-16),\dated 27 June 1968; ©
[2666]London, dated 27-June 1968; London, dated 27 June
[2667]1968; Associated Press, dated 27 lune 1968; Reuters,
[2668]London, undated; Reuters, London, dated, UPI-16,
[2669]dated 27 June 4968; Associated Press\\Memphis,
[2671]dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press, shington,
[2672]dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press, dated 27
[2674]June 1968; Ramparts, 29 June 1968; Reuters\_ London,
[2675]dated 27 June 1968; Reuters, London, undated, Reuters,
[2676]Memphis, 27 June 1968; The Washington Post, dated
[2678]28 June 1968; Washington Post Foreign service, dated
[2679]8 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968;
[2680]Washington Post, 28 June 1968; Reuters, London,
[2682]COB OEN LT TIAL EA IMPDET CL eVUILZ....
[2685]13-00000
[2687]June 1968; Washi
[2689]1968; Washington. Star)
[2691]CONTIENTIAL
[2693]dated 18 June 1968; Associated Press, dated 17 June
[2694]1968; Reuters, London, dated 21 June 1968; Reuters,
[2695]Lokdon, undated; Reuters, London, dated 28 June 1968;
[2696]Reuters, undated; Reuters, Washington, dated 8 June
[2697]Reuters, London, dated 8 June 1968; Reuters,
[2698]undated; The Washington Post, 9 June 1968; Northern
[2699]Virginia Sun, dated 18 April 1968; Northern Virginia
[2700]Sun, dated 17 April 1968; The Washington Post, dated
[2701]8 April 1968; Northern Virginia Sun, dated 16 "april
[2702]1968; St. Louis Missouri, Post- -Dispatch, dated 5
[2704]ps
[2706]London, date
[2707]Associated Pre
[2709]27 June 1968; London, dated 27 June 1968;
[2710]SS, ‘London, undated; London, dated 27
[2711]ngton Star, 27 June 1968; New York
[2712]1968; New York Times, dated. 18 April
[2713]imes, dated 19 April 1968; New York
[2715]il 1968; Washington Post, dated
[2717]eles Free Press, dated i9 April
[2719]26 April 1968; Northern :
[2721]isees” 18 April
[2723]5. ei 1968; Los Ang
[2725]Virginia Sun, dated 25 April 1968; Washington Post,
[2726]dated 27 April 1968; Washington Post, dated 4 July
[2727]1968; Washington Star, dated 30 December 1969;
[2728]Reuters, dated 9 June 1968;\Reuters, London, dated
[2729]9 June 1968; EX-3438, dated L969; The Strange Case
[2730]of James Earl Ray; dated 1969 London, undated;
[2731]Associated Press, London, dated 10 June 1968;
[2733]' .London, dated 10 June 1968; Londen, dated 10 June
[2735]1968; UPI-7, London, 10 June 1968; Associated .
[2736]Press, London, dated 10 June 1968\ London, dated
[2737]10.June 1968; London, dated 10 Juné 1968; Reuters,
[2738]n,; undated;
[2740]Reuters, Washington, dated 10 June 196
[2741]10 June 1968; London, dated 10 June 1988; Reuters,
[2742]London, 10 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 10.
[2744]June 1968; London, dated 11 June 1968; Reuters, 1 dy
[2745]London, undated; JMoscow, (Gevorgyan Repo ), dated; Abs
[2746]22 November 1968; Moscow Trud (Gevorgyan port). PD Je
[2748]1968; Washington Post, 8 May 1968; Washington
[2749]dated 2 July 1968; Reuters, London, dated 11 Yune
[2751]1968; Associated. Press, dated 10 June 1968; Reuters,
[2752]London, dated 10 June 1968; Associated Press, kK
[2754]2
[2756]“COR ENTIAL
[2758]13-00000
[2760]CONFIDENTIAL
[2762]dated 10 June 1968; Associated Press, Toronto, dated
[2764]10 June 1968; Associated Press, London, undated;- London,
[2766]dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press, London, dated
[2767]0 June 1968; UPI-33, London, undated; Associated Press,
[2769]London, dated 18 June 1968; UPI-26, London, dated 17
[2771]Jurte 1968; UPI-13, dated 18 June 1968; London, dated
[2773]18 e 1968; UPI-30, London, dated 14 June 1968;
[2775]Londo dated 13 June 1968; London, dated 6 July 1968;
[2777]Reuters, London, dated.5 July 1968; Washington Examiner,
[2779]dated 26427, April 1968; Associated Press, dated 8 July
[2781]1968; Reu rs, London,. dated 3 July 1968; Reuters,
[2783]London, dat 3 July 1968; London, dated 5 July 1968;
[2785]Washington. Post, dated 30 December 1969; Los Vegas
[2787]Sun, 10 May 1968; Associated Press, London,. 18 June
[2788]1968; Associated Bress, London, 18. June 1968; Associated
[2789]Press, London, undated; Reuters, London, 18 June 1968;
[2790]Associated Press, Tordgto,.13 June 1968; London, UPI-20,
[2791]dated 13 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 12 June 1968;
[2792]Associated Press, London\18 June 1968; London, dated
[2794]13.. June. .1968;.Associated::Phress,,: London, datedi.12: June.
[2795]1968;.Associated Press, Lon » dated 12 June 1968;
[2796]UPI-58, Lisbon, dated 12 June ‘1968; UPI-39, London,
[2797]dated 12 June 1968; Associated Press, London, dated
[2798]20 June 1968; Associated Press, London, dated 13 June
[2799]1968; Associated Press, London, dat 13 June 1968;
[2800]Reuters, London, undated; Reuters, Loydon, dated 13
[2802]Associated Press, Washington, 11 June 1968; UPK126,
[2803]Washington, 11 June 1968; UPI-54, Nashville, dated
[2805]11 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 8 June 1968;
[2806]Reuters, London, dated 20 June 1968; Reuters, undated;
[2807]Associated Press, London, dated 20 June 1968; UPI-61,
[2808]17 July 1968.
[2810]b. The following overt items make mention of the
[2811]Subject but are not attached. e cannot be reproduced
[2812]and others are not available in this office. The Ottawa
[2813]Citizen, dated 10 June 1968; The Otbawa Journal, dated
[2814]10 June 1968; The Gazette, dated 10 e 1968; Montreal
[2815]Gazette, dated 11 June 1968; The Washington Post,
[2817]CONFIDENTIAL
[2819]13-00000
[2821]~ CONFIDENTIAL
[2823]. dated 9 June 1968; The Washington Star, dated 9 June
[2824]1968; Washington Post, dated 17 November 1968; Washington
[2825]ost, dated 20 April 1968; Washington Star, dated 28
[2826]il 1968; Time, 21 June 1968; Washington Post, dated
[2827]y 1968; Washington Star, dated 18 April 1968;
[2828]ton Star, dated 10 June 1968; Washington Star,
[2829]April 1968; Washington Post, dated 6 May 1968;
[2830]Press, Toronto, 10 June 1968; Associated
[2831]Press, Londgn, dated 10 June 1968; Washington Star,
[2832]dated 14 Apr 1968; Washington Star, dated 24 April
[2833]1968; Washington Post, dated 11 June 1968; New York
[2834]Times, dated 18 November 1968; Time, dated 13 September
[2835]1968; The Militant;dated 6 December 1968; Washington
[2836]Star, dated 13 June 68; Washington Post, dated 28
[2837]June 1968; Washington ar, dated 8 April 1969; Washington
[2838]Post, dated 3 July 1968;\Washington Post, 12 November
[2839]1968; Washington Star, dated 24 March 1969; Washington
[2840]Star, dated 9 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 12 April .
[2841]_ 1969; Washington Star, dated\17 March 1969; Washington
[2842]Post, dated 9 January 1970; Washington Star, dated 12
[2843]April 1968; Washington Post, dated 16 April 1968;.
[2844]Washington Post, 26 January 1969;\Washington Post,
[2845]dated 19 September 1968; Washingtoh Star, 23 April
[2846]1968; Washington Post, dated 11 Novéwber 1968; Washington
[2847]Post, dated 13 November 1968; Washington Post, dated
[2848]_12 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 1
[2849]Washington Star, dated 11 June 1968; Washington Star,
[2850]dated 19 April 1968; Associated Press, Lon 27 June
[2851]1968; Washington Star, dated 14 April 1968;
[2852]dated 26 July 1968; Washington Post, dated 18
[2853]1969; Washington Star, dated 20 January. 1968; Washington
[2854]Star, dated 25 January 1969; Washington Star, dated
[2855]2 Aprile 1969; Washington Post, dated 1 April 1969; 3
[2856]Washington Post, dated 30 May 1969. “9 > @ p\
[2857]34 -Dih GOVRd, Ld AH Be bly 3, Mart S\ER5 Lo yb p i
[2858]c. The following agency documents are considered
[2859]releasable to the requestor in segregated form under
[2860]the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act.
[2861]Excised portions are exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
[2862]Cables: Director-92664, dated 18 April 1968; Director-
[2863]93163, dated 19 April 1968; Sao Paulo-8372 (IN-94694),
[2864]dated 19 April 1968; Director-93162, dated 19 April
[2866],
[2870]4
[2872]CONFIDENTIAL
[2875]13-0000
[2877]0
[2879]'
[2880]i
[2881]i
[2884]CONFIDENTIAL
[2886]1968; Director-93261, dated 20 April 1968; Director-
[2887]93260, dated 20 April 1968; Tokyo-9660 (IN-94797),
[2888]dated 20 April 1968; Director-93236, dated 20 April |
[2889]1968;. Director-93538, dated 22 April 1968; Bogota— W¥
[2890]0707 (IN-95%3), dated 22 April 1968; -Diréctor-93603,7
[2891]dated 23 April 1968; La Paz-4254 (IN-96327), dated
[2892]23 April 1968; Guatemala City-8934 (IN-99192), dated
[2893]26 April. 1968. Dispatches: ONHA-3982, dated 22 April
[2894]1968; HMMW-16358, dated 22 April 1968. Memoranda:
[2895]Official Routing Slip, dated 22 October 1975; Official
[2896]Routing Slip, dated 23 October 1975; Memoranda, dated
[2897]23 April 1968.
[2899]2. The following agency documents are exempt from
[2901]release. Exemptions are as cited:
[2903](a) Bogota-0703 (IN-95025), dated 20 April 1968,
[2904]this cable concerns an American National with a striking
[2905]resemblance to Eric Starvo Galt; exempt under (b) (3) (a)
[2906]and (b)}(6). . ;
[2908](b) Bangkok-9432 (IN-00056), dated 29 April 1968;
[2909]Airforce Intelligence advised that a person formerly in
[2910]Bangkok knew James Earl Ray; exempt under (b) (3) (a).
[2912]-“"(c) Rome-5861, dated 3 May 1968; concerns a
[2913]James Ray, DPOB 8 March 1928, information provided by
[2914]Siena police to (DEPARK/DEGOTIST); exempt under
[2915](b) (1) (5) B(1).
[2917](d) - Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968; Subject:
[2918]Gerald Lee Richards; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
[2920](e) Memorandum, dated 1 May 1968 is a request
[2921]for preparation of a transmittal to the FBI that deals
[2922]with King Assassination; exempt under (b) (3) (a).
[2924](£) Memorandum, dated 14 May 1968; Subject:
[2925]Assassination of Martin Luther King. Subject in this
[2927]- memorandum is a James Ray, born 8 March 1928 in Los
[2928]' Angeles. (CSCI-316/01763-68); the information was
[2930]provided by an Italian intelligence service; exempt
[2931]under (b).(1)5B(1).
[2933]5
[2935]CONFIDENTIAL
[2939]13-00000
[2941]CONFIDENTIAL
[2943]i
[2945]|
[2947]i
[2949]| gt (g) Memorandum, dated 16 May 1968; Subject:
[2951]i ~— Investigation in Japan of Report of Suspicious Action
[2953]31S of Another Subject who was Originally Described as
[2954]nF Resembling Suspected Assassin; contains information
[2955]__t provided. by the Japanese National Police Agency; exempt
[2957]Frous 30 fio, under (b) (3) (a), (b).(6)» and (b) (1) 5B(1). py
[2959]Mare (h) Mosofandum. for the Record, dated T$ Apri v
[2960]mee Te 1968; Subject: Unknown Subject, possibly identifiable os
[2961]efs | f with Eric Starvo Galt; the information was based on 364 (2-5
[2962]OS clandestine photography of the Cuban embassy in Mexico
[2963]Cit xempt under b) (5) (a) (b) (6) and (b) (1) (5) B(1).
[2964]Warne (VERGE ROEM, ¥ say Le bl, w2, Pa bot C S pass - De dD)
[2965]B14 5, he follows. documents concern the Same Earl
[2966]Ray case but do not mention the Subject by name. All are
[2967]43" exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
[2969]. aw (a) Hight biographic sketches on individuals
[2970]Bv(- oF thought to be associated with the Ray case.
[2972](b) Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968; Subject:
[2973]2% Gerald Lee Richards.
[2975](c) The Hague-4137 (IN-94424), dated 19 April
[2976]1968; station and liaison traces provided no evidence
[2977]ZTqTo that Subject had ever been in the Netherlands; exemptions
[2978](b) (1) 5B(1) also applies.
[2980](d) La Paz-4228 (IN-94482), dated 19 April 1968;
[2981]oe ZA) La Paz morning papers carried photos of FBI Wanted
[2982]; Posters.
[2984](e) Caracas-9414 (IN-94487), dated 19 April 1968;
[2985]37'% requests photo be pouched. \
[2987](£) San Jose-0157 (IN-94496), dated 19 April 1968;
[2988]39 4 ‘requests photo be pouched.
[2990](g) Director-93306, dated 19 April 1968; states
[2991]¢‘} .that two copies of photo sent 19 April.’
[2992]3
[2994](h) Director-92897, dated 19 April 1968; states
[2995]—_ 3 25 two copies of photos sent.
[2997]3 _ (i) Director-92895, dated 19 April 1968; states
[2998]—— DT two copies of photos sent.
[3000]CONFIDENTIAL
[3002]13-00000
[3006]CONFIDENTIAL
[3008]7 (j) Director-93264, dated 20 April. 1968; concerns
[3009]A! one Edwin Mason. .
[3011](k) Panama City-6150 (IN-95853), dated 22 April
[3012]294 1968; concerns the detention of two Americans who were
[3013]suspect.
[3015](1) San Jose-0162 .(IN-95902), dated 23 April
[3016]3X4 1968; queries fail to reveal any knowledge of Wolman or
[3017]Hubbard (subjects of Panama City-6150, above).
[3019](m) Panama City-6180 (IN-97560), dated 24 April
[3020]1968; concerns a Roderick Claflin Brown, Panamanian
[3021]dod National, who voluntarily signed a deposition that
[3022]when his ship docked in Mobile Ala. in October 1962
[3023]he was approached with a job offer that might have had
[3024]something to do with Dr. King. AMBIAn
[3026](n) Panama City-6193 (IN-98420), dated 25 April
[3027]or r 1968, concerns material -being pouched to the Station
[3028](ie the deposition of R. Brown cited above).
[3030](0) Director-94343, dated 25 April 1968; Station
[3031]Ljo2sent a request to pouch copy of deposition and letter.
[3033](Pp) HZPT-10075, dated 26 April 1968; transmits
[3034]uU03 a copy of deposition material as requested.
[3036](q) _Lagos-9878, dated 28 April 1968; requests
[3037]that the Embassy inquire of Wilder. Company concerning
[3039]Ljo" one J. B. Musgrave.
[3041](r) Lagos-9888 (IN-00793), dated 30 April 1968;
[3042]reveals subject of Addis Ababa- 2200 is not the man we
[3044]U os seek.
[3046](s) Director-95641, dated 30 April 1968; is a
[3047]Upobrequest that future traffic be sent in Air Force Channels.
[3049], (t) Memorandum, dated 2 May 1968; concerns a
[3050]Roderick Claflin Brown, a Panamanian | National; forwarded
[3052]<3 to the FBI Brown's deposition. pass
[3054]7
[3055]CONFIDENTIAL
[3057]13-00000
[3059]CONFIDENTIAL
[3061](u) Memorandum to the FBI, dated 6 May 1968;
[3062]Y Subject: Joe Bailey Musgrave.
[3063]Yo 3
[3065](v) Memorandum to the FBI, dated 13.May 1968;
[3066]of Subject: Joe.Bailey Musgrave; forwarded passport
[3067]G photos of Musgrave.
[3069]() Frankfurt-5732 (IN-18095), dated 24 May 1968;
[3070]Co records of the Federal: Criminal Police provided a negative
[3071](“ reply (re Galt); exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1).
[3073]4. Seven FBI reports which mention the Subject and/or
[3074]his activities; excluded under 1900.3(g)(4). See Attachment I.
[3076]a. Undated Memo, sanitized for release if the
[3077]<| ({ FBI concurs; exemptions (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
[3079]b. Cactus-001, dated 22 January 1973; concerns
[3080]CjvProposed hijacking of an unidentified aircraft.
[3082]_c. Photos of Eric Starvo Galt, aka Harvey
[3083]\}/% Lawmyer and John Willard.
[3085]Yi4 d. Photo of an unidentified individual.
[3086]4s e. Photo of an unidentified individual.
[3087]Q/b £. FBI Wanted Poster - FBI No, 405 9426.
[3089]‘Ji7.g. FBI Wanted Poster - FBI No. 405 9426,
[3090]Id ntification order 4132, 20 April 1968. —
[3092]He 5. Department of State telegram, Ottawa-1813, dated
[3093]8 June 1968. Reports of.the apprehension in London of. James
[3094]Earl Ray. Excluded under 1900. 3(g) (4). See Attachment IT.
[3096]r): 6. AB Memo, number 9605, dated 24 April 1968 which
[3097]forwarded information on the Subject is attached for your
[3098]contact with C/TSD/AB/PDS ‘concerning. the releasibility of
[3099]this information. See Attachment III. .
[3101]a CONFIDENTIAL
[3103]13-0000
[3105]Oo.
[3107]j
[3108]4
[3110]CONFIDENTIAL
[3112]6. The cited documents are available in this office
[3113]if needed.
[3115]J R oF .
[3116]Chief, Inte Q srrorism Group
[3117]O taff
[3121]CONFIDENTIAL
[3123]13-00000
[3125]co
[3131]ONFD NTIAL
[3133]27 JUL 1876 be
[3135]MEMORANDUM FOR: Privacy and Information Officer, DDO
[3137]SUBJECT: Weisberg Request (James Hari Ray)
[3138]- Part Ii
[3139]REFERENCE : 16-F-382_
[3141]1. This. office maintains a two volume 201 file
[3142](201-832732) on the Subject. These files and other
[3143]records in this office revealed the following:
[3145]a. The following overt items are releasable to
[3146]the requestor. There are no exemptions. | Life, dated
[3147]3 May 1968;2New York Times, dated 26 April 1968;
[3149]sWashington Star, dated 8 May 1968;4 Washington Star,
[3150]28 April 1968;SRay's Odd Odyssey, undated;
[3151]6 ated 17 May 1968;1Reuters, Lisbon, dated §
[3152]June 1968;$Reuters, London, dated 9 June 1968;
[3153]FWReuters, London, undated;/0Reuters, Lisbon, 9 June
[3154]1968;\'Los Vegas Sun, dated 3 June 1968;!2The Bvening
[3155]Star, dated Z July 1968;i:Washington Post, dated 28
[3156]June 1968;4Reuters}? London, dated 27 June 1968;
[3157]/*Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968;/bReuters, London,
[3158]27 June 1968;)lAssociated Press, London, dated 27 0°
[3159]June 1968;\@Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968;
[3160]MAssociated Press, London, dated 27 June 1968;
[3161]2°Associated Press, London, dated 27 June 1968;2/United
[3162]Press International (UPI-16)}, dated 27 June 1968;
[3163]2a4London, dated 27 June 1968;%London, dated 27 June
[3164]1968 ;HAssociated Press, dated 27 June 1968;%Reuters,
[3165]London, undatedyReuters, London, undatedj»UPI-16,
[3166]dated 27 June 1968;*Associated Press, Memphis ,
[3167]dated 27. June 1968;4Associated Press, Washington,
[3168]dated 27 June 1968 Associated Press,. dated 27
[3169]June 1968;3\Ramparts, 29 June 1968 ;2Reuters, London,
[3170]dated 27 June 1968;33Reuters, London, undated;#Reuters,
[3171]Memphis, 27 June 1968;The Washington Post, dated
[3172]28 June 1968;3}Washington Post Foreign. service, dated
[3173]8 June 1968:7)Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968;
[3174]asWashington Post, 28 June 1968;31Reuters, London,
[3178]CONS wl TIAL
[3181]13-00000
[3183]* CONFIDENTIAL
[3185]af
[3187]dated 18 June 1968;Associated Press, dated 17 June
[3188]-1968;“4Reuters, London, dated 21 June 1968 ;“Reuters,
[3189]London, undated;UReuters, London, dated 28 June 1968;
[3190]“Reuters, undated;¥Reuters, Washington, dated 8 June
[3191]1968;“Reuters, London, dated 8 June 1968;/Reuters,
[3192]undated ;@The Washington Post, 9 June 1968;9Northern
[3193]Virginia Sun, dated 18 April 1968 s0Northern Virginie
[3194]Sun, dated 17 April 1968;s'The Washington Post, dated
[3195]8 Aprii 1968;SaNorthern Virginia Sun, dated 16 April
[3196]1968 ;s38t. Louis Missouri, Post-Dispatch, dated 5
[3197]April 1968;%Chicago Illinois News, dated 8 April 1968;
[3198]‘SLondon, dated 27 June 1968;stLondon, dated 27 June 1968;
[3199]s7Associated Press, London, undated;stLondon, dated 27
[3200]Juhe 1968;SiWashington Star, 27 June 1968;tNew York
[3201]Times, 18 April 1968;clNew York Times, dated 18 April .
[3202]1968 ;e4New York Times, dated 19 April 1968;4New York
[3203]Times, dated 23 April 1968 /Washington Post, dated
[3204]5 July 1968,5Los Angeles Free Press, dated 19 April
[3205]1968 ;4Washington Star, 26 April 1968})Northern
[3206]Virginia Sun, dated 25 April 1968;“Washington Post,
[3207]dated 27 April 1968 !Washington Post, dated 4 July
[3208].19683 Washington Star, dated 30 December 1969;
[3209]7(Reuters, dated 9 June 1968;74Reuters, London, dated
[3210]9 June 1968;BEX-3438, dated 1969;The Strange Case
[3211]of James Earl Ray;dated 1969;*London, undated;
[3212]77Associated Press, London, dated 10 June 1968;
[3213]WLondon, dated 10 June 1968;71London, dated 10 June
[3214]1968 °UPI-7, London, 10 June 1968 ;%Associated
[3215]Press, London, dated 10 June 1968;@London, dated
[3216]10 June 19683London, dated 10 June 1968;Reuters,
[3217]_ London, 11 June 1968;Reuters, London, undated;
[3218]s-London, 11 June 1968:"’"Associated Press, London,
[3219]dated 11 June 1968;%London, dated 10 June 1968;
[3220]$1 Reuters, Washington, dated 10 June 1968;?London,
[3221]10 June 1968;7London, dated 10 June 1968 4Reuters,
[3222]London, 10 June 1968;%Reuters, London, dated 10
[3223]June 1968;%London, dated 11 June 1968;*Reuters,
[3224]London, undated ;*Moscew, (Gevorgyan Report), dated
[3225]22 November 1968;*lMoscow Trud (Gevorgyan Report)
[3226]dated 22 November 1968;“Evening Star, dated 9 May
[3227]1968:"Washington Post, 8 May 1968;!Washington Post,
[3228]dated 2 July 1968;*Reuters, London, dated 11 June
[3229]1968;Associated Press, dated 10 June 1968/*Reuters,
[3230]London, dated 10 June 1968;Associated Press, Toronto,
[3232]2
[3234]COMMIDENTIAL
[3237]13-00000
[3239]- > CONFIDENTIAL
[3241]. dated 10 June 1968/"associated Press, Toronto, dated
[3242]10 June 1968;Associated Press, London, undated “London,
[3243]dated 27 June 1968 ;@Associated Press, London, dated
[3244]30 June 1968 ;°UPI-33, London, undated ;#*Associated Press,
[3245]London, dated 18 June 1968;\UPI-26, London, dated 17 |
[3246]June 1968;PUPI-13, dated 18 June 1968;@London, dated
[3247]18 June 1968 WUPI-30, London, dated 14 June 1968;
[3248]ag London, dated 13 June 1968;"London, dated 6 July 1968;
[3249]a?7Reuters, London, dated 5 July 1968;'"Washington Examiner,
[3250]dated 26°27, April 1968;"%Associated Press, dated 8 July
[3251]1968;'Reuters, London, dated 3 July 1968/Reuters,
[3252]_ London, dated 3 July 1968;"tondon, dated 5 July 1968;
[3253]O23Washington Post, dated 30 December 1969;'4Los Vegas
[3254]Sun, 10 May 1968;"Asseciated Press, London, 18 June
[3255]1968;"Associated Press, London, 18 June 1968;'Associated
[3256]. Press, London, undated;"Reuters, London, 18 June 1968;
[3257](24 Associated Press, Toronto, 13 June 1968/”London, UPI-20,
[3258]dated 13 June 19687#Reuters, London, dated 12 June 1968;
[3259][bxAssocdiated Press, London, 18 June 1968;'M.ondon, dated
[3260]13 June 1968 ;FAssociated Press, London, dated 12 June
[3261]1968;'"Associated Press, London, dated 12 June 1968;
[3262]13. UPI-58, Lisbon, dated 12 June 1968:/UPI-39, London,
[3263]dated 12 Juno 1968;"Associated Press, London, dated
[3264]20 June 1968;/"Associated Press, London, dated 13 June
[3265]1968 Associated Press, London, dated 15 June 1968;
[3266]i4; Reuters, London, undated;*Reuters, London, dated 13
[3267]June 1968;\*tAssociated Press, London, dated 11 June 1968;
[3268]i4fUPI-9, London, dated 11 June 1968;Reuters, Nashville,
[3269]dated 11 June 1968;/#Associated Press, Toronto, dated
[3270]- 41 June 1968;“Reuters, Nashville, dated 11 June 1968;
[3271]14 Associated Press, Washington, 11 June 1968;UPI-126,
[3272]Washington, 11 June 1968 ;(UPI-54, Nashville, dated
[3273]11 June 19684'Reuters, London, dated 8 June 1968;
[3274](50 Reuters, London, dated 20 June 1968 ;*Reuters, dated;
[3275](syAssociated Press, London, dated 20 June 1968 ;"UPI-61,
[3276]17 July 1968. .
[3278]b. The following overt items make mention of the
[3279]Subject but are not attached. Some cannot be reproduced
[3280]and others are not available in this office. The Ottawa
[3281]Citizen, dated 10 June 1968; The Ottawa Journal, dated
[3282]10 June 1968; The Gazette, dated 10 June 1968; Montreal
[3283]Gazette, dated 11 June 1968; The Washington Post,
[3285]CONFIDENTIAL
[3288]13-00000
[3290]- CONFIDENTIAL
[3292]dated 9 June 1968; The Washington Star, dated 9 June
[3293]1968; Washington Post, dated 17 November 1968; Washington
[3294]Post, dated 20 April 1968; Washington Star, dated 28
[3295]April 1968; Time, 21 June 1968; Washington Post, dated
[3296]16 May 1968; Washington Star, dated 18 April 1968;
[3297]Washington Star, dated 10 June 1968; Washington Star,
[3298]dated 21 April 1968; Washington Post, dated 6 May 1968;
[3299]Associated Press, Toronto, 10 June 1968; Associated
[3300]Press, London, dated 10 June 1968; Washington Star,.
[3301]dated 14 April 1968; Washington Star, dated 24 April
[3302]1968; Washington Post, dated 11 June 1968; New York
[3303]Times, dated 18 November 1968; Time, dated 13 September |
[3304]1968; The Militant, dated 6 December 1968; Washington
[3305]Star, dated 13 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 28 .
[3306]June 1968; Washington Star, dated 8 April 1969; Washington
[3307]Post, dated- 3 July 1968; Washington Post, 12 November
[3308]1968; Washington Star, dated 24 March 1969; Washington
[3309]Star, dated 9 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 12 April
[3310]1969; Washington Star, dated 17 March 1969; Washington
[3311]Post,. dated 9 January 1970; Washington Star, dated 12
[3312]April 1968; Washington Post, dated 16 April 1968;
[3313]Washington Post, 26 January 1969; Washington Post,
[3315]dated 19 September 1968; Washington Star, 23 April
[3317]1968; Washington Post, dated i1 November 1968; Washington
[3318]Post, dated 13 November 1968; Washington Post, dated
[3320]12 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 14 June 1968;
[3321]Washington Star, dated 11 June 1968; Washington Star,
[3322]dated 19 April 1968; Associated Press, London, 27 June
[3323]1968; Washington Star, dated 14 April 1968; Time,
[3325]dated 26 July 1968; Washington Post, dated 18 January
[3326]1969; Washington Star, dated 20 January 1968; Washington
[3327]Star, dated 25 January 1969; Washington Star, dated
[3329]2 April 1969; Washington Post, dated 1 April 1969;
[3330]Washington Post, dated 30 May 1969.
[3332]c. The following agency documents are considered
[3333]releasable to the requestor in segregated form under
[3334]the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act,
[3335]Excised portions are exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
[3336]Cables: Director-92664, dated 18 April 1968; Director-
[3337]93163, dated 19 April 1968; Sao Paulo-8372 (IN-94694),
[3338]dated 19 April 1968; Director-93162, dated 19 April
[3340]4
[3342]SONS NTIAL
[3345]13-00000
[3347]CONFIDENTIAL
[3349]1968; Director-93261, dated 20 April 1968; Director-
[3350]93260, dated 20 April 1968; Tokyo-9660 (IN-94797),
[3351]dated 20 April 1968; Director-93236, dated 20 April
[3352]1968; Direetor-93538, dated 22 April 1968; Bogota-
[3353]0707 (IN-955%8), dated 22 April 1968; Direetor-93603,
[3355]-dated 23 April 1968; La Paz~4254 Cr eeaeebs) dee
[3357]23 April 1968; Guatemala City-8934 (IN-99192), dated
[3358]26 April 1968. Dispatches: ONHA-3982, dated 22 April
[3359]1968; HMMW-16353, dated 22 April 1968. Memoranda:
[3360]Official Routing Slip, dated 22 October 1975; Official
[3361]Routing Slip, dated 23 October 1975; Memoranda, dated
[3362]23 April 1968.
[3364]2. The following agency documents are exempt from
[3366]release. Exemptions are as cited:
[3368](a) Bogota~0703 (IN-95025), dated 20 April 1968;
[3370]this cable concerns an American National with a striking
[3372]resemblance to Eric Starvo Galt; exempt under (b) (3) (a)
[3373]and (b) (6). ,
[3375](b) Bangkok-9432 (IN-00056), dated 29 April 1968;
[3376]Airforce Intelligence advised that a person formerly in
[3377]Bangkok knew James Earl Ray; exempt under (b) (3) (a).
[3379](c) Rome-5861, dated 3 May 1968; concerns a
[3380]James Ray, DPOB 8 March 1928, information provided by
[3381]Siena police to (DEPARK/DEGOTIST); exempt under
[3382](b) (1) (5) B(1).
[3384](ad) Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968; Subject:
[3385]Gerald Lee Richards; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6).
[3387]- (e) Memorandum, dated 1 May 1968 is a request
[3388]for preparation of a transmittal to the FBI that deals
[3389]with King Assassination; exempt under (b) (3) (a).
[3391](£) Memorandum, dated 14 May 1968; Subject:
[3392]Assassination of Martin Luther King. Subjeet in this
[3393]memorandum is a James Ray, born 8 March 1928 in Los
[3394]Angeles. (CSC1-316/01763-68); the information was
[3395]provided by an Italian intelligence service; exempt
[3396]under (b)(1)5B(1).
[3398]5
[3400]CONFIDENTIAL
[3403]13-00000
[3407]Memorandum, dated-16 May 1968; Subject:
[3408]Investigation in Japan of Report of Suspicious Action
[3409]of Another Subject who was Originally Described as
[3410]Resembling Suspected Assassin; contains information
[3411]provided by the Japanese National Police Agency; exempt
[3412]under (b)(3)(a), (b)(6), and (b)(1)5B(1). .
[3414](h) Memorandum. for the Record, dated 19 April
[3415]1968; Subject: Unknown Subject, possibly identifiable
[3416]with Eric Starvo Galt; the information was based on
[3417]clandestine photography of the Cuban embassy in Mexico
[3418]City; exempt under (b)(3)(a);. (b) (6) and (b) (1) (5)B(1) «
[3420]3. the following documents concern the James Barl |
[3421]Ray case but do not mention the Subject by nane. Ali are
[3422]exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6).
[3424](a) Bight biographic sketches on individusas
[3425]thought to be associated with the Ray case.
[3427](b) Memorandun, dated 17 April 1968; Subject:
[3428]. Gerald Lee Richards.
[3430](c) The Hague-4137 (IN-94424), dated 19 April
[3432]1968; station and liaison traces provided no evidence
[3433]that Subject had ever been in the Netherlands; exemptions
[3434](b) (1)5B(1) also applies.
[3436](d) La Paz-4228 (IN-94482 » dated 19 April 1968;
[3437]La Paz morning papers carried photos of FBI Wanted
[3438]Posters.
[3440](e) Caracas-9414 (IN-94487), dated 19 April 1968;
[3441]requests photo be pouched.
[3443](£) San Jose-0157 (1N-94496), dated 19 April 1968;
[3444]requests photo be pouched.
[3446](g) Director-93306, dated 19 April 1968; states
[3447]that two copies of photo sent 19 April.
[3449](h) Director-92897, dated 19 April 1968; states
[3450]two copies of photos sent.
[3452](i) Director-92895, dated 19 April 1968; states.
[3453]two copies of photos sent.
[3455]6.
[3456]CONFIDENTIAL
[3458]13-00000
[3460]- > CONFIDENTIAL
[3462](J) Director-93264, dated 20 April 1968; concerns
[3463]one Edwin Mason.
[3465](k) Panama City-6150 (IN-95853), dated 22 April
[3466]1968; concerns the detention of two Americans who were
[3468]suspect.
[3470](1 San Jose-0162 (IN-95902), dated 23 April
[3471]1968; queries fail to reveal any nowledge of Wolman or
[3472]Hubbard (subjects of Panama City-6150, above).
[3474](m) Panama City-6180 (IN-97566), dated 24 April ~
[3475]1968; concerns a Roderick Claflin Brown, Panamanian
[3476]National, who voluntarily signed a deposition that
[3477]when his ship docked in Mobile Ala. in October 1962
[3479]-he was approached with a job offer that might have had
[3481]something to do with Dr. King.
[3483](mn) Panama City-6193 (IN-98420), dated 25 April
[3484]1968, concerns material being pouched to the Station
[3485](ie the deposition of R. Brown cited above).
[3487](0) Director-94343, dated 25 April 1968; Station
[3488]sent a request to pouch copy of deposition and letter.
[3490](p) HZPT-10075, dated 26 April 1968; transmits
[3491]a copy of deposition material as requested,
[3493]{(q) Lagos-9878, dated 28 April 1968; requests
[3494]that the Embassy inquire of Wilder Company concerning
[3495]one J. B. Musgrave.
[3497](rt) Lagos-9888 (IN-00793), dated 30 April 1968;
[3498]reveals subject of Addis Ababa-2200 is not the man we
[3499]seek.
[3501](s) Director-95641, dated 30 April 1968; is a
[3502]request: that future traffic be sent in Air Force Channels.
[3504](t) Memorandum, dated 2 May 1968; concerns a
[3506]Roderick Claflin Brown, a Panamanian National; forwarded
[3507]to the PBI Brown's deposition.
[3509]7
[3511]CONFIDENTIAL
[3514]13-00000_ - >
[3518](u) Memorandum to the FBI, dated 6 May 1968;
[3519]Subject: JJoe Bailey Musgrave...
[3521]- {(v) Memorandum to the FBI, dated 13. May 1968;
[3522]Subject: Joe Bailey Musgrave;. forwarded passport
[3523]photos of Musgrave.
[3525](w) Frankfurt-5732 (IN-18095), dated 24 May 1968;
[3526]records of the Federal Criminal Police provided a negative
[3527]reply (re Galt); exempt under (b) (1) (5)B(1).
[3529]4. Seven FBI reports which mention the Subject and/or
[3530]his activities; excluded under 1900.3(g)(4). See Attachment I.
[3532]a. Undated Memo, sanitized for release if the
[3533]FBI concurs; exemptions (b)(3)(a) and (b) (6).
[3535]b. Cactus-001, dated 22 January 1973; concerns
[3536]proposed hijacking of an unidentified aircraft.
[3538]¢. Photos of Eric Starvo Galt, aka Harvey
[3539]Lawmyer and John Willard.
[3541]d. Photo of an unidentified individual.
[3542]e. Photo of an unidentified individual.
[3543]f. FBI Wanted Poster - FBI No. 405 942G.
[3545]FBI Wanted Poster - FBI No. 405 942G,
[3546]Identification order 4132, 20 April 1968.
[3548]5. Department of State telegram, Ottawa-1813, dated
[3549]8 June 1968. Reports of the apprehension in London of James
[3550]Harl Ray. Excluded under 1900. 3(g) (4). See Attachment II.
[3552]6. AB Memo, number 9605, dated 24 April 1968 which
[3553]forwarded information on the Subject is attached for your
[3554]contact with C/TSD/AB/PDS concerning the releasibility of
[3555]this information. See Attachment III.
[3557]8
[3559]CO INFIDSNTIAL
[3562]13-00000
[3566]CONFIDENTIAL
[3568]6. .The cited documents are available in this office
[3570]if needed.
[3572]Attachment:
[3574]a/s .
[3576]John J, Reagan
[3577]John J. Reagan
[3579]Chief, International Terrorism Group
[3580]Operations Staff
[3582]CONFIDENTIAL
[3585]13-00000
[3590]OGC 76-5403 ‘ Cited ar? y
[3592]Pe
[3593]4 October 1976 -
[3595]MEMORANDUM FOR  : Associate Deputy Director for Administration
[3596]Attn: Chief, Security Analysis Group, OS
[3597]Director of Personnel |
[3599]Associate Deputy Director for Science and Technology
[3600]Associate Deputy Director for Operations
[3602]. , Attn: ISS/IP/EIS
[3603]D/DCI/Intelligence Community
[3604]D/DCI/for National Intelligence Officers
[3605]Legislative Counsel
[3606]Inspector General
[3607]Executive Secretary
[3609]FROM : Richard H. Lansdale
[3610]Associate General Counsel
[3612]Rev. Martin Luther King, Ire
[3614]SUBJECT
[3616]"1, At the Attornéy General's direction, a task forée was established |.‘
[3617]in May 1976 by the Office of Professional Responsibility of the Justice’ .. 20 y’
[3618]_. Department to review the activities of the Federal Bureau of Investigation <a
[3619]in relation to the late Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., his assassination .- —
[3620]-and the Bureau's investigation of that murder. f
[3621]. wot.
[3622]2. Pursuant to the Attorney General's directive, Justice. ig éan-
[3623]vassing those investigative agencies of the Government which might have
[3624]been contacted by the FBI to secure or deliver information for intelli-
[3625]gence, for investigative assistance (before or after the assassination), ‘
[3626]or for any form of counterintelligence action in relation to Dr. King.
[3628]3. It is requested that a check be made of your records to
[3631]determine the extent and nature of any contac y_ contacts with _CIA by the FBI
[3632]in regard to the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.
[3634]4,. DoJ has expressed some urgency in responding to their _
[3635]request, Therefore, please advise this Office of the results of your -
[3636]search at your earliest convenience, but no later ‘han close of business,
[3637]21 October 1976.
[3639]‘ _ Avcd ALA. Esans Ab—
[3641]One H. Lansdale
[3644]13-0000
[3647]13-00000
[3649]a ce eet ee cee cee tere eemtenee A get ele ete rena Seer en ayaa ate ca
[3651]- : te
[3653]26 APR 1977 7
[3655]Janes i, Lesar, Esa.
[3656]ttorney at Law
[3658]4251 ‘Fourth Street, 5,¥.
[3660]Washington, DC 20024
[3662]Rear Mr. Lesar:
[3664]LY
[3666]This is in partial response to your request, dated cca
[3667]June 1976, made on hehalf of your client, Hr. Harold Weisberg.
[3668]Please refer also to our letters, dated 21 June 1976, 36 —
[3669]Novenber 1976 and 13 January 1977. Per our recent telephone
[3670]conversation this partial response addresses itself to that.
[3671]part of your letter requesting records pertaining to. Janes
[3673]co Fark Ray. _
[3677]The materials located thus £ ar have been reviewed
[3678]carefully, and our determinations are 2s follows: .
[3679]Enclosed, Tab A, are conies of the following items which
[3680]are being released to you in their entirety?
[3682]1. one book excerpt.
[3683]2-109. One hundred and eight (108) press itens.
[3684]110-134. Twe enty-five (£25) UPI wire itens. .
[3685]135-171. Thirty-seven (37) Reuters wire items. -
[3686]172-223, Fifty-two (52) AP wire items. _
[3687]Inelosed also, Tab B, are secregable portions of the
[3688]oO docunents listed below, Deletions in the originals were nade
[3690]under the cxemption provisions of the Freedom of Information
[3691]Act subsections which are given with each document cited. . —
[3694]13-00000
[3699]| tenon ea i et eee ar nen Wepern iene neg
[3701]whe applicability of these
[3703]exerntions
[3705]te you in our earlier correspondence.
[3707]236-237.
[3708]| 238-239,
[3710]Three cables, dated
[3712]Rocunents
[3714]Ywo cables, dated 18 Anril 19838,
[3716]Cable, dated 19 April 1952.
[3717]19 April 1963..
[3718]Four cables, dated 29 April 1968.
[3720]Two cables, dated 22 April 1968.
[3722]wo dispatches, dated 22 April 1968,
[3724]Two cables, dated 23 April 2963.
[3725]Memorandum, dated 23 April 1968,
[3727]Cable, dated 26 April 1968.
[3729]Routing slip, dated 22 October 1975,
[3731]Routing slip, dated 23 Cctober 1975,
[3733]2O)),
[3734](2),
[3735](b
[3737]2 32°
[3739]cA ON
[3740]rye of
[3742]has been explained
[3744]ye
[3745]if
[3746]is)
[3748]i
[3749]io
[3750]K
[3753]e.
[3754]we
[3756]Fans Ym TE ae ante, San
[3757]fo)
[3758]Nad
[3760]i)
[3762]Sales Sas 9
[3763]bead
[3765])£6)
[3767]fooler
[3768](b} £6) |
[3770]cenntions
[3772](b) (3)
[3774](C3),
[3775]Om,
[3776]ou, |
[3777]Oo,
[3778]Os)
[3779](3),
[3781](0) (3),
[3782]G3):
[3783]Q)), -
[3785](b) (3 an
[3787]The docurents Listed below are being withheld in their
[3789]entirety unmler the exemption provisions of the Freedom of
[3791]Informaton Act subsections riven with each cocunent.
[3793]244,
[3795]245.
[3797]246,
[3799]_Menorandnm, dated 19
[3801]Documents
[3803]“Menorandun, dated 17 April 1°68
[3804]April 1963,
[3806]Cable, dated 20 April 1°68.
[3808]Exemptions
[3810](b} (1), (b)(3),
[3811](p}(6)
[3813](b) (6
[3815]CIE» OE,
[3817](b} (1), (G3),
[3819]— 0b) 66)
[3822]13-00000
[3824]+ 94% “Cable, dated 29 April 1968, cey (4). (703),
[3825], a _. (03 (53
[3826]2 | 248. Menorandun, dated 1 May 1963. ~ 7G), (2) (3)
[3827]249. Cable, dated 3 May 1968. €b3 (1), (2) (3),
[3828]po Soe 7 —_ (b) (6)
[3829]a 250. Hoenorandun, dated 14 May 1943. °° - (PCD), IOS),
[3830]oo. . , (b) (6) -
[3831]251. Memorandum, dated 16 May 1968. «= () (2), (HEB),
[3832]re rn 1 ae
[3833]252-254. Three cables, dated 2 June 1968. 4, OCD, OG)
[3834]258. Memorandum, dated 19 February 1969. (b) (1), (B)(2),
[3835], ae _ SCE PCI)
[3836]256. Memorandun, dated 28 May 1969. (YE), 02),
[3837]ee } es nS Te FECT)
[3838]257-264. Eight biographic sketches. © = (b) (1), (b} (2),
[3839]nn cee | Re CIOMmOlOM
[3840]265. Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968. (BYE, (6039),
[3841]OS Cb} C6}. [
[3842]266-272. Seven Cables, dated 19 April 1968. s (b) (1), () (3),
[3843]SS - (b3 6)
[3844]273. Cable, dated 20 April 1968. (>) (1), (b) 03),
[3845]| oe | (b)(6))
[3846]274. Cable, dated 22 April 1983. ob 02), (6) 03),
[3847]ee tb) G6
[3848]275. Cable, dated 23 April 1963, Cb) 01), (363),
[3849]| a | ¢b) (6) |
[3850]276, Cable, dated 24 April 1958. HCD}, IG),
[3851]. (BR C8)
[3852]277-278, Two Cables, dated 25 April 1962. | Oy, (>) (3),
[3853]: - ; (EI CSP
[3854]279, Dispatch, dated 26 April 1968. (by (1), (bd E3),
[3855]; a ; (h) £6) |
[3858]13-00000
[3860]280. Cable, dated 28 Anril 1°68. M1), (203),
[3861]: | | (d) (6)
[3862]281-282, Two Cables, dated 32 April 1068. (PCI), (03),
[3863](by (6)
[3864]283. Menorendum, dated 2 May 1942. (3 (1), (03),
[3865]. . (a3 (5)
[3866]284, Menorandun, dated § vay 1 888. (b) (1), (33),
[3867]BO -.€b) (8)
[3868]2a. ‘onovandum,. dated 13 May 1963. (01), Cb) (3),
[3869]- - . ; ao {b) (5) ,
[3870]286. Cable, dated 24 May 1963. a @)CD, © (3),.
[3871]oe a ot. (b) (6)
[3873]“The decisions cited above were wade by tir, Charles A.
[3874]tries 3s, DDO Information Reviow Officer. ; ae
[3876]As specified in the Freedos of Information Act, r an
[3877]advising you of your right to appeal the above decisions, but
[3878]it would seem to be more reasonabis to await the complete
[3879]fo do's of our processing before yeu actually determine whether
[3880]to do so. a _ —
[3882]a We thank you for your patience and consideration.
[3884]Sincerely,
[3886]oo Gere > F. Wilson ;
[3887]Information and Privacy Coordinator
[3889]Enclosures
[3890]-JPS/EK/cb/20 Apr 77
[3891]Orig. - Adse. -
[3893]te, - png :
[3894]-~ IPS Chreno
[3895]~ IPS F-76-382 w/ey Tab B
[3896]OLC - ,
[3897]OGC
[3898]Pub AgE/Motu
[3900]a or |
[3902]aero
[3905]13-00000 gy.
[3907]‘MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, Information and Privacy Stafé -
[3909]FROM
[3911]SUBJECT
[3913]27 April-1977 —
[3915]Charles A. Briggs
[3916]DDO Information Review Officer
[3918]: FBI ‘Referral re Harold Weisberg Request
[3919]on Martin Luther King, Jr, and James
[3921]Earl Ray
[3923]REFERENCES : A. Request No. F 76-382
[3925]The documents forwarded under Reference B have been
[3926]reviewed by the responsible DDO components and the following :
[3928]B. Referral, Dated 25 March 1977
[3930]C. ._Briggs' Memorandum to IPS dated.
[3931].26 October 1976. .- _
[3933]determinations have been made:
[3935]a.
[3937]b.
[3939]One CIA originated document may be released
[3940]in sanitized form (Tab A).
[3942]' Five CIA originated documents are denied;
[3944]they are listed with appropriate exemptions
[3946]under Tab B.
[3948]Five FBI documents containing CIA information
[3950]Should be denied; they are listed fvith
[3952]appropriate exemptions under Tab’ C.
[3954]“Two FBI documents and one CIA document should
[3956]be referred to other CIA components for
[3957]determinations (see Tab D). .
[3959]co Charles, A. Briggs
[3960]arles A. Briggs
[3965]SA/C/LA MINI
[3968]AF/Plans
[3970]PIG
[3975]CIA: Onigerattd
[3977]|.
[3979]Velcon So pertized
[3981]DOCUMENT
[3983]_ NUMBER
[3985]DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION ~
[3987]Other:
[3989]Date : im Ppa GX a
[3991]Memorandum, Dispatch .
[3993]Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
[3995]Other:
[3996]Date :
[3998]Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
[4001]Date :
[4003]Cable, .Memorandan; -
[4007]' Date ot
[4009]Cable, Memorandun,.
[4011]Other::.-.:
[4015]Cable,: Memorandum,
[4016]Other:
[4017]Date-:
[4019]Cable, Memorandum,
[4020]Other:
[4021]Date :
[4023]Cable, Memorandum,
[4024]Other:
[4025]Date :
[4027]Cable, Memorandum,
[4028]Other:
[4031]Dispatch... =".
[4032]Dispatch'::..
[4036]Dispatch
[4038]Dispatch
[4040]Dispatch
[4042]Co. Other:
[4046]A
[4049]TAB Ae i
[4051]CprcG is) yyy
[4052]pi Refemad, 2 25 Marv?
[4054]FOTA/EK Request No. 7h - 3 r2 .
[4056]EXEMPTIONS
[4058]GD. (b) (2); eos B)
[4059]GY) 0b, ce, 4, e, sp
[4061]Other:
[4063] () 1), Gan, wen, (3) (6) :
[4065](J) (1) (b, c, ds-e, £), Ck) (1)
[4066]Other:
[4068](b) (1), (b) (2), Cb) BY.) (6)
[4069](3) (1) (b,_ ¢ Cy d,. 3. £), 0k) (ya: a
[4071]Other:
[4073]() (1), (6) (2) 5: (3)! 0) (6):
[4074](j)(D (b,. ¢, ds e,. £), Go) (D+
[4076]{b) (1), “() (2), b) (3), (b) (6)
[4077](3) (1) (3 ce, d, ey £}, (ky(1))-:
[4078]Other:
[4080](b) (1), (b)(2),° (bh) 63), 0b) (6)
[4081](j) (1) (b,.c, d, e, £}, (k) C1)
[4084](b)(1),. (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)
[4085]G)G)(b, c, ds e, £), CCD)
[4086]Other:
[4088](b) (1), (b)(2), (b)(3), (b) (6)
[4089](4) ()(b, c, d, e, £), (ke) (1)
[4090]Other:
[4092](b) (1), (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)
[4093](j) (1) (b, ec, d, e, £), (k}(1)
[4096]13-00000_ -
[4098]Mr. Tolson_:.
[4101]. al wy} Mr. Mobr_
[4103]v bal . Mr. Bishop
[4104]Tyee 14 Mr. Casper.
[4105]Ase. Mr. Callahan.
[4106]Mr. /
[4108]FM'DIRECTOR CIA:
[4110]Mr. Fe’
[4111]Mr. 4
[4112]Mr.
[4113]Mr.
[4114]Mr.
[4116]Mr. Trotter
[4117]Tele. Room_____
[4118]Miss Holmeg___
[4119]Miss Gandy.
[4121]RR ESV
[4122]DE ESC 659 1322137
[4123]ZNY SSSss |
[4124]R 111603Z APR 68
[4126]10 DIRECTOR FBI
[4128]SECRET
[4130]CIA NBR 90520
[4131]SUBJECT: CLAUDE CHES
[4132]1. A SENSITIVE RELIABLED SOURCE IN MEXICO CITY REPORTED: THAT
[4133]SUBJECT, BORN 12 SEPT 1936 IN TEXAS, U.S. PASSPORT Z 155489,
[4135]Oe te erence
[4136]ARRIVED MEXICO CITY FROM HONDURAS, ON PAN AMERICAN FLIGHT ON
[4139]. 8 APRIL. SOURCE NOTED SUBJECT HAD AMAZING Aa P3666). Bee
[4141]"PHOTOGRAPHS" OF ALLEGED ‘ASSASSIN OF DR._,MA N LUTHER KING, Re '
[4142]Qe ANOTHER SENSITIVE RELIABLE SOURCE IN mete CITY REPORTEBR is 1968 |
[4143]THAT MCLAREN DEPARTED MEXICO CITY FOR HOUSTON ON PANAM FLIGHT "rarer
[4144]EVENING 8 APRIL OCCUPYING SEAT NO. 41. SOURCE SAW PLANE
[4147]We re
[4149]. TY ny.
[4151]. ‘
[4154]13-00000
[4156]a
[4158].
[4160]TAXI OFF WITH SUBJECT ABOARD. ACCORDING TO SOURCE, CAPTAIN
[4161]OF THE PANAM FLIGHT (WHO RETURNED TO MEXICO CITY AFTERNOON
[4163]9 APRIL) [REPORTEDLY SAID THAT SUBJECT ARRIVED IN HOUSTON,
[4164]3. THIS OFFICE HAS NO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SUBJECT.
[4165]an THE INFORMATION IN PARA ONE HAS BEEN MADE AVAILABLE TO YOUR -
[4166]BUREAU REPRESENTATIVE IN MEXICO CITY
[4167]GP-1
[4169]BT
[4171]NNN a ct fe
[4172]INT QSL PLS GA ,
[4173]EFH FBI REC NBR 59° ae
[4174]TOR 11/2195Z ‘KK > Tim CAA.
[4176]— RELEASE
[4178]CCL. 7M. foul) :
[4181]13-00000
[4183]» ; x wes 4 Mr. Tolson—
[4184]° a. . a Mr. DeLaach..
[4186]Ay - . . rr ae _ ane a - —— Mr. Mohr
[4187]y tee ene | : ‘> Mr. Bishap___|
[4189]Mr. Casper...
[4191], i“ . ; pe STE yp |
[4193]Ass a : rr ee : atr. Callahan.
[4194]i o. o ease { .- _ Mr. Coniad....f
[4195]t aa { ie vias : Mr. Fe’ a
[4196]. ok 7L, My. Gf) 4.
[4197]tere fee ares a} ° Mr. 16
[4199]PEP Gb eh os Bir.
[4203]Mr.“
[4205]: ; Tele. Room____.
[4206]+ . ; . Miss Holmeg___ |
[4207]. » ** . Miss Gandy____ f
[4209]|” RELEASE
[4211]R 111683Z APR 68 |.
[4212]“FM 'DIRECTOR CIA
[4214]_ TO oungpfon FBI
[4215]BI 4.
[4216]CIA NBR 995208
[4217]SUBJECT: Jeb
[4218]le
[4220]-, APRs SOURCE NOTED] SUBJECT HAD AMAZING RE NE BEL 3
[4221]. io 4 Df a
[4224]"PHOTOGRAPHS" OF ALLEGED ASSASSIN OF DR pil N LUTHER KING, Jn, tenia
[4227]S 1968 |
[4229]FHAT-HELAREN DEPARTED fMEXTee—CLTY FOR HOUSTON ON PANAM FLIGHT 7 “=
[4232]13-00000 TEM Tn
[4234]pany REPORTEDLY SAID THAT SUBJECT. ARRIVED IN HOUSTON. .
[4235]° Se | THIS OFFICE HAS No ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ‘ON SUBJECT. _
[4236]| 4. THE INFORMATION IN PARA ONE HAS BEEN MADE AVAILABLE TO YOUR 7
[4238]UREAU REPRESENTATIVE c finexiee eng)
[4240] GP-1
[4242]BT
[4244]ig CLA.
[4245]~ RELEASE
[4247]CC: 7, Fuid
[4249]13-00000
[4251]DOCUMENT
[4253]' NUMBER
[4255]PORE
[4256]a a Date”
[4258]DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION
[4260]Cable, Memorandym; Dispatch
[4261]Other:
[4262]Date $ .
[4264]cable; Qgnorandam) Dispatch _
[4266]Other:
[4268]Date 3:_.
[4270]Joc.
[4272]Memorandum, Dispatch
[4275]- Does Kee a= 4 Brrgoe [anes te OS
[4276]Cable, Canara Dispatch :--~
[4277]Other? 7? -
[4280]Joc.
[4282]Jo “Bago Meus te (PS
[4284]Cable, Mémorandum, Dispatch -
[4288].Date-- Maske
[4289]Pec. GOZ of ow “heme he i RS
[4291]Cable, Memorandum} Dispatch
[4293]| (A .
[4294]te : _
[4295]le LoCo Bunge Came FoF
[4297]"* Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
[4298]Other:
[4299]Date :
[4301]Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
[4302]Other:
[4303]Date :
[4305]Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
[4306]Other:
[4309]TAB |
[4310]pic GIs
[4312]FAL Replmrad, 25 Mon 77
[4314]FOTA/BS Request No Th 3&2 2
[4316]' EXEMPTIONS —
[4317]OM), LOY, (LD y (06 .
[4318]'()()-@7 c, d, e, 7 (Ck) (1 —
[4319]Sonex: _ a foe |
[4321]CYT, (6) (2), GSP, 096)
[4323](j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k} (1) _
[4326]of aha Maus He (PS, Re OFT G | .
[4328]IID, (b)(2), GID, AIO
[4329](GYC)(b, c, ds e, £), CC)
[4330]Other: . . ue
[4332]».(b).(2) 5 TCD;  (b) (6) - =
[4334](j) (1) (bs “es. dy-es-£), (KCL). ::
[4338](b) (1), (b) (2), (b} (3), (b} (6).
[4339](3) C1), cy d, ey, f), Ck} (1) : - .
[4340]Other: - -
[4342](bY (1), (b) (2) 5-0) (39, (BD (6)
[4344]e, £), (k)(1)}
[4346](3) (1) (b, c¢, 4,
[4347]Other:
[4349](b} (3), (b) (6) |
[4350]e, £), (k)(1)
[4352](b)(1), (b}(2),
[4353](j) (1) (b, c, d,
[4354]Other:
[4356](b) (1), (b)(2),
[4357](3) CQ) (b, c, d,
[4360](b) (3), (b) (6)
[4361]e, f, (k)(2)
[4363](b) (1), (b)(2),
[4364](j)(1) (b, c, d,
[4365]Other:
[4367](b) (3), (b) (6)
[4368]e, f), (k) (1)
[4371]13-00000
[4373]ce ee
[4375]sy.pasa tose orang arciedll
[4377]ITT nee: le. “Your Bureau representative | in Mexico City ‘provided -
[4378]“oe our yepresentative. ‘with composite photographs of the suspected
[4379]. killer of Martin Luther King, Jr, and asked for a check against
[4380]“i. -awisitors to the Soviet and Cuban Embassies in Mexico ”, OLEY :
[4381]during the recent months. ..
[4386]Checks for persons ‘@ppearing~ to res emble the ‘composite “ ~ —
[4387]_.. .. photographs were negative at both Embassies. On 30 January oe
[4389]1968 an unidentified white male visited the Soviet Embassy but" =
[4390]the description did not fit either the composite photograph or ..
[4391]ce the description provided by your Bureau representative. ....
[4392]- However, our -representative passed copies of the photographs “
[4393]to your Bureau representative with the notation that he did not 2.0.
[4394]appear to be identical with the Bureau suspect. Our representa-— |
[4395]tive further stipulated that any use of the photographs in an
[4396]investigation should not reveal that the Photographs were made .
[4397]in Mexico or by this Office,
[4399]JO We ea |
[4400]an | | - | )
[4401]a Be _ REC usd 3 9g 56 / I A |
[4403]APR 2% 1968 - |
[4404]ae . |
[4405]eh it ae meemenne |
[4407]cae i me - hae Ar rT 5 eteded deen 2 dee
[4412]ir
[4416]13-00000
[4419]s
[4421]C14 supe dn FBI poccwmnsts? . | BES
[4423]Dow. ype AT k pv 77 -_ : ,
[4424]ESS Ares FBI Paforrad, Ss MOr77
[4426]FOIA/BA Request No. Lh. - BE a
[4428]DOCUMENT ‘DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION ; EXEMPTIONS
[4429]NUMBER . .
[4430], W cabre, ‘Memorandum, Dispatch oD (b) (2), EB.
[4431]yy Other: - (4) (1) (b, Cc, d, e, #)s ’ (k) a
[4432]Date : Other: ; .
[4434]Cable, (femorandum} Dispatch 7 . GD. (b) (2), SD. P -
[4435]/ Other: eenorandyp) (i) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (7 : ~
[4437]e : 19 Bp bs Other:
[4438]354 af Bay’ Mao te (Ps) Db OO TE
[4440]oasd mn Yor.
[4442]cable, (enorandun Dispatch CO) ay, (b)(2), oD
[4444]. Other:_.27. _ . (j) (2) (by. on dy @5- *) > (k,
[4445]Ke “alee 93 Bp bs Other::
[4446]ie on Dol BT & Faye Mawr -fo (PSé
[4447]Cable, Dispatch.‘ = GED: 0)(2),: TD, TOD
[4449]f other! 2 (9) QD) Qb2 05.4, ey: > (k) G1).:
[4452]Cable, Menorandili) Dispatch 1» GD ©) (2), QB,
[4454]Other: -
[4456]4 Othertter: (4) C1) (b,c, dye £),, COUTG i:
[4458]— yr. OF : a
[4460]Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch (b) (1); (b) (2), (b)(3),. Cb) (6) _
[4462]Other: (j)(1) (b, c,.d, e, £), (k)(1)
[4463]Date 3 oo. Other: —
[4464]Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch (b)(1), (b) (2), (b) (3), (Cb) (6) 7
[4465]Other: Gc) (b, Cc, d, e, f), (k) (1)
[4466]Date : Other:
[4467]Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch (b)(1), (b)(2), Cb) (3) » (b) (6)
[4469]__ Other: (3) (1) (b, cy, d, e, f), (k) (1)
[4470]Date : Other: —
[4471]Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch “(b) (1), (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)
[4473]Other:_ (3) (1) (b, c, d, e, £), (k) C1)
[4474]Date ; Other: :
[4477]13-00000
[4479]Pa a
[4480], £7 UNCLASSIFIED ff . CONFIDENTIAL /_7 seEcRET /_/ TOP SECRET
[4481]toad
[4482]poe _ INITIAL REVIEW FORM
[4484]FOLA/BH& Request No. 76-3 9o-
[4486]Document Description: g tl fed =e i Dated:
[4487]Document Located By : : oe
[4488](Office Designation)
[4490]“ Document referred to DDO for review by: a B/
[4494]Release in full-text
[4496]. x Release in sanitized forn |
[4498]Deny in toto
[4499]Defer decision to
[4501]"a Coordination with LA] Dre prior to above denial/release
[4503]EXEMPTIONS ARE BEING CLAIMED TO PROTECT THE FOLLOWING:
[4505]FOIA. = —_. PRIVACY
[4507]() Classification (b) (1) (k) (1)
[4508](”A Information from a foreign liaison service (b) (3) (3) (1) (b) Ce)
[4509]() Information pertaining to a foreign liaison (b) (3) (1) (1) (b) €c)
[4512]() ‘Information which would/could identify the (b) (3) - (4) (1) (b)
[4513]source oo. oo,
[4514]() Information pertaining to a source (b) (3) (4) C1) (b)
[4515]( ) Information pertaining to intelligence methods(b) (3) . (4) (1) (b)
[4516]( ) Location of CIA overseas installation (b) (3) . (4) (1) Cb) _
[4517]€ } Location of unacknowledged domestic (b) (3) (4) (1) (b) -
[4519]+ installation ; . ;
[4521]( ) Name of CIA employee (b) (3). (j) (1) Ce)
[4522]() File number (b) (2) . (5) (1) (b)
[4523]() Pseudonym ; (b) (3) ; - (4) (1) Ob)
[4524]() Cryptonym (b) (3) - (4) (1) (b)
[4525]() Internal organizational data _ Cb) (3) (4) CL) Ce)
[4526]( ) Name of an FBI agent (b) (7) (j) (1) (b)
[4527]() FBI file number ; (b) (2) (3) (1) (b)
[4529]Privacy of other individual (b) (6) (3) (1) (£)
[4531]Does not pertain to request N/A "Exempted portions
[4533]are not relevant
[4534]to the requester"
[4535]. Information from another Government agency (b) (1) (3) (1) (c)
[4536]* () Other, specify: -
[4538]* For further guidance regarding exemptions, please see DDA-75-5943, per <
[4540]16 December 1975 (Privacy Act) and HN-70-21, 14 February 1975 (FOIA). el
[4542]COMMENTS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: : ata
[4543]f ; Voki
[4545]; or C hss, Ak/ra Document No.
[4546]Reviewing’ Officer & Office ~ (To be completed by ISS/PICG)
[4548]Signature
[4550]‘ : E 2 IMPDET CL BY 012170
[4552]13-00000
[4554]a
[4555]aetna eo sane e
[4557]me coum ee a . .
[4558]-. . 7 . 7 a . .
[4559]* Oo
[4560]4/11/68
[4561]CODE
[4562]So 1 -~ Mr, Rosen.
[4563]. TELETYPE URGENT L=~ Mr. G. C. Moore
[4564]oo a : 1 — Mr, Griffith
[4566]; os ae 1 - ir. Atkinson _.
[4567]ee ro LEGAT SANTO DOMINGO. ee a). vi A. “TEI =TYPE |
[4568]|. FROM DIRECTOR FBI Sp. Ms Ae
[4570]BPA See
[4571]EN OIPHERED |
[4573]| ASSASSINATION OF HARTEN LUTHER KING, IR;
[4575]- REURTELS NUMBERS TWO AND FOUR DATED APRIL EIGHT EAST y N
[4576]‘PERTINENT DATA IN RETELS WAS INCORPORATED INTO Lu AND >
[4577]FURNISHED WHITE HOUSE, ATTORNEY GENERAL AND INTERESTED s
[4578]GOVERNHENT AGENCIES BY LETTER APRIL TEN INSTANT. | aN
[4580]_ IN VIEW OF NATURE AND ENORMITY OF ALLEGATEONS MADE BY — A
[4582]- HERNAN HENRIQUEZ LORA CONCERNING THIS HATTER» LEGAT HUST ENDEAVOR a
[4583]; ‘TO VERLFY OR DISPROVE SUCH ALLEGATIONS, , oe
[4585]PHOTOGRAPH OF ONE HERNAN HENRIQUEZ LORA, ALSO KNOWN AS ai
[4587]HERNAN HENRIQUEZ URENA LORA, BORN OCTOBER TWENTY FOUR, FIFTEEN, a
[4588]BY
[4590]AT SAN DIEGO, CUBA, OR SANTIAGO DE CUBA, CUBA, BEING FORWARDED
[4592]. SEPARATELY, a REG- 4 U4 “BEES ff pH 7 | y
[4594]BUREAU FILES REVEAL ABOVE INDIVIDUAL IS DOMINICAN CITEzEn
[4595]AS APR 12 1968
[4597]wetetamnes
[4599]SAR
[4601]Callohan ste a is : 1 / ;
[4602]4 Conrad
[4604]AG pe o~ Foreign Liaison Unit (route through for, es |!
[4605]Rosen |
[4607]Sltiven "J 105-168197 (H. Rap Brown) r ides
[4609]Tells 100446080 Ci Carmichael) . roa Wie a
[4611]loon SEPANG sae oednernan Wenriquez Lo cP ;
[4613]ond, —__ ™ . 7 3 oo, : vs
[4614]y _MAIL ROGH TeLerype uit Ly Pe “Rohe SEE NOTE PAGE TWO —
[4616]WHA: stem (ian (10) .
[4618]TELETYPE 0 LEGAT SANTO DOMINGO
[4619]RE: ASSASSINATION OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, mm,
[4621], WILL BE FORWARDED BY AIRTEL,
[4623], NOTE?
[4625]. ' Legat in retels reported Henriquez Lora had
[4626]volunteered a third party had over heard a conversation in.
[4627]Santo Domingo between two Dominican communists in, which
[4629]it was alleged that Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown
[4630]advocated the death of Hartin Luther King and King's
[4631]assassination ‘would benefit the cause of black viclence.
[4633]oa a eT NT
[4634]Let : : er.
[4636]Do 2 wl ST 8
[4638], AVL
[4639]’ . . . 1440 rvs
[4640]Oc - COT
[4642]| ADDITIONAL, PERTINENT INFORMATION CONCERNING -mNnTQUEZ IORA
[4644]es
[4646]13-00000
[4648]yo we x. t
[4650]f7 UNCLASSIFIED // / _ CONFIDENTIAL /
[4652]- -
[4654]SECRET /__/ TOP SECRET
[4658]INITIAL REVIEW FORM
[4660]FOIA/PA Request No.
[4662]Document Description: Mon LO Dated: Y [ 24 16 3
[4664]1
[4666]Document Located By ; nd
[4667](Office Designation)
[4668]Document referred to DDO for review by:
[4670]RECOMMEND:
[4671]Release in full-text
[4672]Release in sanitized form
[4673]. _~ Deny in toto . .
[4674]; ; Defer decision to ,
[4675]Coordination with . prior to above denial/release
[4677]EXEMPTIONS ARE BEING CLAIMED TO PROTECT THE FOLLOWING:
[4679]FOIA PRIVACY
[4680](4) Classification (b) (1) (k) (1)
[4681]() Information from a foreign liaison service (b) (3) ; (4) (L) (b) Ce)
[4682]() Information pertaining to a foreign liaison (b) (3) (j) CLD (b) Ce)
[4684]mC) Information which would/could identify the (b) (3) (4) (1) Cb)
[4685]source
[4686]() Information pertaining to a source (b) (3) (3) (1) (b)
[4687]( ) Information pertaining to intelligence methods(b) (3) (4) (1) (b)
[4688](4) Location of CIA overseas installation (b) (3) (§) (1) (b)
[4689](). Location of unacknowledged domestic (b) (3) (j) (1) (b)
[4690]‘ installation .
[4691](©) Name of ’CIA employee ; (b) (3) (4) (1) Ce)
[4692]() File number ; (b) (2) (4) (1) (b)
[4693]() Pseudonym (b) (3) (3) (1) (b)
[4694]() Cryptonym (b) (3) (4) (1) (b)
[4695]() Internal organizational data (b) (3) (j) (1) (e)
[4696]a Name of an FBI agent (b) (7) (4) (1) (b)
[4697]} FBI file number (b) (2) (4) (1) (b):
[4698](WM) Privacy of other individual (b) (6) (j) (1) (£)
[4699]~GH= Does not pertain to request N/A . "Exempted portions
[4700]are not relevant
[4701]to the requester"
[4702]( ) Information from Bapene vie pap (b) (1) (4) (1) (e)
[4703]* (M) Other, specify: Whe fh in very en. ?.
[4704]adhe GIO 7 U8
[4706]* For further guidance regarding exemptions, please see DDA-75-5943,
[4707]16 December 1975 (Privacy Act) and HN-70-21, 14 February 1975 (FOIA).
[4709]COMMENTS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:
[4711]Document No. _
[4712](To be completed by ISS/PICG)
[4714]E 2 IMPDET CL BY 012170
[4716]13-00000 ,
[4718]_ APR 30 1968
[4720]To: SAC, Washington Field
[4722]““MURKIN
[4724]iced
[4726]- Karmstady, Germany, had advised the American Embassy, . _ -
[4728]Bristol Hotel, Lagos Nigeria, on the afternoon of 4-23-68.
[4730]Gee 3 198, /
[4731]T
[4733]- | dw 29~68
[4735]Airtel
[4737]4 _ ur. mudson
[4738]From: Director, FBI
[4740]On 4-28-68, a representative of CIA advised the |
[4741]Bureau that a German doctor, Kiaus Steer, German Director, oe
[4742]Scientific Department, Africa, E. Merck Aktiengesellschast,. —
[4744]Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, that he believed he had seen an .
[4745]individual whom he thought to be Eric Starvo Galt at the -
[4747]The individual was identified as Joe Musgaque, who is oe
[4748]reportedly an employee. of the Wilder Oil Company. (address :
[4749]unknown).
[4751], Washington 3 Field, check passport records for any “a
[4752]identifying data concerning Musgaque; and also attempt to
[4753]@Geternine through the Department of State any information —
[4754]concerning the Wilder 011 Company, which reportedly is
[4755]operating in Niseria. If no information available in |
[4756]State Departmént records regarding the Wilder Oil Company, — .
[4757]determine whether State Department can obtain this information
[4758]from the Nigerian Embassy »
[4760]Handle immediately. oe
[4762]woe aya
[4763]; . “ APR 30 1369
[4764]FUA:jlh i &
[4765]CG) . meen YE
[4767]NOTE: See memorandum from J. A. Sizoo to W, c. Sullivan —— :
[4768]dated 4-28-68, captioned “Murkin" JHK:brr. |
[4770]L =~ Memphis (info) cheb 8 pec 5
[4772]MAIL ROOM ELETYPE UNIT Cc
[4777]» _ *, a
[4778]/ SECRET /_/ TOP SECRET
[4780][7 UNCLASSIFIED) = [/ CONFIDENTIAL /
[4782]-
[4786]INITIAL REVIEW FORM
[4787]FOIA/PA Request No.
[4788]Document Description: Nsanrn a Dated:
[4790]Document Located By > FB) ; rn
[4791](Office Designation) — ;
[4792]Document referred to DDO for review by:
[4794]RECOMMEND:
[4795]Release in full-text
[4796]Release in sanitized form
[4797]i Deny in toto
[4798]Defer decision to
[4799]Coordination with prior to above denial/release
[4801]EXEMPTIONS ARE BEING CLAIMED TO PROTECT THE FOLLOWING:
[4803]FOIA PRIVACY |
[4804](4) Classification (b) (1) (k) (1)
[4805]( ) Information from a foreign liaison service (b) (3) (3) (1) (b) Ce)
[4806]() Information pertaining to a foreign liaison (b)(3) (5) (1) (b) Ce)
[4807]relationship :
[4808]“@®) Information which would/could identify the (b) (3) (5j) (1) (b)
[4809]source
[4810]() Information pertaining to a source (b) (3) (3) (1) (b)
[4811]() Information pertaining to intelligence methods(b) (3) (4) (1) (b)
[4812](6°) Location of CIA overseas installation (b) (3) (4) (1) Cb)
[4813]( ) Location of unacknowledged domestic (b)(3)- (4) (1) (b)
[4814]- installation
[4815]Od Name of CIA employee . (b) (3) (4) C) Ce)
[4816]() File number . (b) (2) (4) (1) (b)
[4817]() Pseudonym (b) (3) (5) (1) (b)
[4818]() Cryptonym (b) (3) (j) (1) (b)
[4819]() Internal organizational data (b) (3) (3) (1) Ce)
[4820](4) Name of an FBI agent (b) (7) (4) (1) (b)
[4821]() FBI file number (b) (2) (4) (1) (b)
[4822]QQ Privacy of other individual — (b) (6) (3) (1) (£)
[4823]( ) Does not pertain to request N/A "Exempted portions
[4824]are not relevant
[4825]to the requester"
[4826]() Information from pe Government agency ~ (b) (1) (4) (1) (¢)
[4827]* Ww Other, specify: -7Z, ag ally f A fa vegry Lin 4 6 Y be, VSG
[4828]* For further guidance #64021 Past Rey Wr temp tions. ple&$e see A 45-5943,
[4830]16 December 1975 (Privacy oaet) and HN-70-21, 14 February 1975 (FOIA).
[4832]'
[4833]COMMENTS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: hee
[4835]Document No.
[4836]gnature Bf Revieking Officer & Office | (To be completed by ISS/PICG)
[4838]E 2 IMPDET CL BY 012170
[4841]13-00000
[4843]~ : t .
[4844]a . ~
[4845]Sowo war Pass WO, 1D . S010~308 a : .
[4846]2 cme 1967 EDINION oe
[4847]: Ghe Gee, AEG HO. 77
[4849]UNITED SlaT ES GOVERNMEN T
[4851]Memorandum
[4853]7 Sullivan | : res 8
[4854]hr. W. C. Sullivan ud ; bare: 4/28/6
[4856]. | og
[4857]: Jc A. Sizoo /
[4859](.
[4860]T: MURKIN i
[4862]Norman Pulin, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), advised  § f;t".
[4864]‘this date that a german doctor, Klaus Steer, German Director,
[4865]Scientific Department , Africa, Eg. Merck Aktiengesellschast , eo
[4867]- Karmstady, Germany, had advised the American Embassy, Addis Ababa, -
[4869]--Ethiopia, that he believed he had seen an individual whom he _ :
[4871]_ thought to be Eric Starvo Galt at the Bristol Hotel, Lagos, ©... -
[4872]Nigeria, on the afternoon of 4/23/68. Because he thought ‘the —-
[4873]individual looked like Galt he made an effort to get some ~
[4875]_ information concerning him. He found he was registered at the
[4877]‘hotel as Jose-Musgaque, Room 403, receipt number D52138, ° :
[4878]account number 08325. The doctor did not know if Musgaque had
[4880]' registered at. the hotel. as an American. In conversation with
[4882]Musgaque the doctor learned that Musgaque was employed by the ..-.
[4883]Wilder Oil Company (adress unknown) and was en route to .. Warri
[4884]Oil Field, Nigeria. ; Lo.
[4886]Bufiles contain no references to Joe Musgaque or the
[4887]Wilder Oi2 Company. - ; - /-
[4888]ran
[4889]Mr. Pulin, CIA, was advised that Bufiles contain ‘no AN
[4890]references to Jog Musgaque or Wilder Oil Company. ;
[4892]ACTION:
[4894]None. For information. This is being referred to
[4895]_ the General Investigative Division. -
[4897]° JHK:brr * (8)
[4898]‘ ww) re ne
[4899]Mr. Sullivan gui? oe
[4900]‘Mr. Rosen
[4902]Mr. Sizoo oe ? A
[4903]Mr. G.C. Moore — REC- 31 te, nO “4
[4904]Mr... McGowan .
[4905]Mr. McDonough
[4907]Pal fel bed fed feat fad Ja
[4908]perpeart
[4910]Mr. Kavanagh . boa ee ee
[4911]') . . aera ene hae
[4912]( a Me ——
[4913]ye °? : ONT
[4914](™ ue es ane
[4915]. ara ,
[4916]nen Sy Pog oS
[4918]2 rAd te 4955 me of, ; ; . ; ° . _ , ws oN,
[4920]13-00000
[4922]. (| GEN GEM, AG. OL a7 - CE ee Tolsen —___—.
[4923]f+ UNITED STATESG ERNMENT "ss "Pet ooch —— |
[4924]" a ; - Riskep —_— |
[4926]Memorandum | se
[4928]TO Mr. We C. Sullivan ¢3¢ 4), DATE: April 22, 1968 | Poein e——
[4929]FROM ir. J. A, SizooA si“ 7 ere
[4930]ee TN AL met pera
[4931]ne Oy, . CY EH
[4932]SUBJECT: MURKIN.-- | Se . f |
[4934]’ are being detained in Panama City, Panama, at the request of the
[4936]'-eonnection with the assassination of Martin Luther King. These
[4937]individuals are identified as Tom Wolman, born 7/17/44 in New York,
[4939]El Salvador and Honduras on 4/17/68; Nicaragua on 4/18/68,
[4941]WaT 1962 FOITION . . . “ee he pe er oe
[4943]. At 6:35 pm 4/22/68, John Mapother, Clandestine Service, //\-
[4944]Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), furnished the following . “
[4945]information to Night Supervisor James F, ilcGuire by telephone:
[4947], é
[4948]’ CIA sources in Panama have reported two American citizens
[4950]Costa Rican authorities. Allegedly, they are being detained in.
[4952]Wolman has Passport Number J085474, issued 1/29/68, and his
[4953]permanent residence is shown as 30 Larrys Lane, Pleasantville,
[4955]New York, The other individual is identified as Douglas Harry |
[4956]Hulbard, Passport Number 330926, Hulbard is descriped as a former
[4957]soldier who has returned to Panama to Le married. CI did not
[4958]have any further descriptive data regarding Hulbard,
[4960]; These two individuals were traveling ina Chevrolet,
[4961]"License Number. 23GH19, Motor Number 13 387 13 113711. The "vehicle
[4962]and license plates could not be further described by CIA, According
[4963]to CIA, Wolman's passport indicates he had entered and departed
[4965]|
[4967]ir, Mapother advised he has no indication why the Costa
[4969]Rican authorities have requested the detention of the above- \
[4970]described individuals, Further, he does not know of any factual i
[4971]connection of these individuals with the King case. He said CIA
[4973]sources were trying to develop this matter further. He also
[4974]advised that CIA would send the FBI a written communication / |
[4975]Yo
[4976]1
[4978]. concerning this matter on 4/23/68, ; Co a
[4980]At 9:10 pm 4/22/68, Norman Poulin, CIA, orally advised
[4981]that a check had been made with the Costa Rican authorities and
[4982]determined that Costa Rica has no information regarding the above-
[4983]mentioned individuals; that Costa Rica did not request Panamanian
[4984]authorities to hold these individuals, that they have no request
[4985]from any American authorities to detain them; and that ia aan
[4987]Cty . wh “ Re 4
[4988]JFMichs D- ae cl. 49 ‘contfifan < ZG el
[4989]1 - Mr. Sullivan, 1 ~ Mr. J.A.Sizoo
[4990]1 —- Mr. Rosen ' 1 — Mr. Papich a AER 24 1968
[4991]1 - Mr.»Helgeson’ 1 ~ wr. IeF. McGuire ~ ; -
[4992]G GA bee mfony Eee oe re AD rae . ,
[4993]oP his T5853. 0 | SEs c
[4997]Memorandum to Mr. Sullivan
[5000]no knowledge of any connection between these individuals and
[5001]-the assassination of Martin Luther King, Poulin indicated that
[5002]_. the entire information may be a complete hoax; however, CIA will —
[5003]--advise FBI if any additional data comes to their attention.
[5004] Agetons oe co 7 |
[5006]Lo : The above information was orally 3 furnished to Mr. Helgeson,
[5007]. General Investigative Division. . Oo ..
[5009]WW | A {
[5010]ie 7
[5012]i
[5013]|
[5014]i
[5015]i
[5018]Ds a ae ene
[5020]13-00000
[5023]; oy M d. ro a a . - ot : busing
[5024]_ emorandum . OR
[5025]. . : Feit. ~
[5026]ro -: Nr. D. J. ‘Brennan, sey DATE: April 17, 1968 “Tow
[5027]FROM — : Ss. J. Pa ich ; _ te Tele. Fon ——
[5028]o P uy” - _ a oy
[5030]SUBJECT: Comoe ee ; _ pl
[5031]. | - Richard Ober, Central Intelligence Agency (cra), * of
[5032]- furnished the following to the ‘Liaison Agent on April 17, ‘196s: fof
[5034]_ A CIA source, characterized as being very reliable, - we
[5035]advised that on or, about April 15, 1968, an individual identi- ~~”
[5037]- fying himself as Gerald Lee Richards, a U. S. seaman, called ra
[5038]_at the Tokyo, Japan, officd of the National Maritime Union and |”
[5040]- asked to be signed on a ship as soon as possible. (It should _-.
[5042].. be noted that reference is being made to the office of. the yee
[5043]-National Maritime Union.) He was asked to furnish his local.
[5045]‘.address in Tokyo, and he refused to do so. . He became very
[5046]agitated and then left. So far he has not returned to the
[5048]' aforementioned office. CIA's source stated that Richards:
[5050]_ answers, the general description of the Suspect — in the instant
[5051]case. as. reported in news papers « . .
[5053]. -Richards volunteered information indicating + that oy
[5054]he applied for seaman's papers in San Pedro, California, on
[5056]. June 16, 1964, and that he registered. as a member “or the a
[5057]National Maritime Union in San Pedro on February 21, 1968,
[5058]He has Social Security number. 562-46-5078 and U. S. Coast
[5059]Guard identifying document Z2711-782, He was korn Avril 8,
[5060]1937, ion Missouri (town not given). -CIA's source described
[5061]him as 5'10"s: 155 pounds; brown hair, receding hairline on —
[5062]both sides;.a scar, not prominent, about two and one half
[5063]inches long across the eenter of his forehead... His most
[5064]outstanding characteristic was his grin, deseribed as “dis—
[5066]. concerting and resembling a grimace. hee % F Lu eae, af Li _ huod
[5068]“ee
[5070]Ober advised that this sane ; bormation 3 has b peen
[5071]given to our Legat, Tokyo. CIA is ¢ -Ghagoine throug davatlable
[5072]sources in Tokyo to establish the i bouts. of Richards’, .
[5073]IZ this lead washes out, CIA would “hike to be advised. , .
[5074]ACTION: The ‘above information is being directed to the
[5076]attention of the Civil Rights Section of the ;
[5077]General Investigative Division. rr wae
[5079]‘f : . Oger
[5081]SJP:clb 1;/—- (4)
[5085]1 - Mr. McGowan (Long) ;
[5086]1 = Liaison _
[5088][ : _— SO Ai Gt ,
[5089]as Mr. Papich” yu . oi: oN
[5090]. ; os t uf . ‘, LA _ . . ic 6
[5091]_ a, i ; hate ; 7 on . od y ; oO
[5092]. v ; . ) il “ - " i : : ’ : . .
[5094]13-00000
[5096]Gi info un cB) oun tt,
[5097]Raper to oir compan
[5099]DOCUMENT .
[5101]NUMBER
[5103]pi .
[5106]ia °
[5108]a. < >
[5110]DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION
[5112]Cable, Memorandum)
[5114]oranduat Dispatch
[5115]Coste :
[5117]rare
[5118]Purr to OF
[5120]. hes morandun, igpatch
[5121](Other:
[5123]Date :
[5125]“to OS On C/
[5127]‘Cable 11 ciemaraTaicotep tc
[5129]Other:
[5131]Date’ :....Y.
[5133]to. Os.
[5135]Cable, ‘Memorandum, - Dispatch.
[5136]_ Others 225°:
[5138]Date 57" -
[5140]Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
[5144]Dates:
[5146]Cable, Memorandun;:-Dispatch-.... .
[5148]Other:
[5149]Date .-2..-
[5151]Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
[5153]Other:
[5154]Date :
[5156]Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
[5157]Other:
[5158]Date :
[5160]Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch
[5161]Other:
[5162]Date :
[5166]TAS
[5168]Ger nyend, semen)
[5169]FOLA/Sa Request No. wr “SE )
[5171]EXEMPTIONS
[5173]wa, wa,
[5174](J) (1) (b, , 4.
[5176]Other:
[5178](b) (1), (b).(2),
[5179](3) (1) (b,c a,
[5180]Other: -
[5182](b) (1), (b) (2),
[5184](j) (1) (b, c, 4,
[5188](b) (1), *(b) (2);
[5189](4) (1) (b, ‘ce, d,
[5190]_ Other? == os
[5192](b) (1) 5° (b) (2);
[5194](j) (1) , Cy d,
[5196]Other:
[5198](b) (1), (b) (2),
[5199](3) (1) (b, ¢,. d,
[5200]Other: -----
[5202](b) (1), (b)(2),
[5203]Ci) (1) (b, ec, d,
[5204]Other:
[5206](b) (1), (b) (2),
[5208](J) CG) (b, c, dy.
[5210]Other:
[5212](b) (1), (b) (2),
[5213](7)(1) (b, c, d,
[5214]Other:
[5216](b) (3) 5 .(b) (6)
[5218]ee, -£), OG... |
[5220]“(b), (3): 2b) (6) 2 it
[5222](b) (3); ‘(b) (6) =
[5224]e, £), (k)(1) ..
[5226]Coie in >
[5228]e, f), (KCL)
[5230](b)(3), (b)(6)
[5231]e, £), (k) (1).
[5233](b) (3), (b) (6)
[5234]es -£}, (ke) (1) 07
[5236]es; £), (k)(1) ies:
[5238](b) (3), (b) (6) _
[5240](b) (3), (b) (6)
[5241]e, £), (kK)(1)
[5243](b) (3), (b) (6)
[5244]e, £), (k)(1)
[5246](b) (3), (b) (6)
[5247]e, £), (K)(1)
[5249]13-00000. ,
[5251]on OPTIONAL 404M WO, ie e : wore 106 on "ome Pa Senn I ar or cay Dept elo ge ate
[5252]worm Gsa.ctm tc. o. ar : NaS . : moo : oe
[5254]Ra 7" CUNITED STATES GC RNMENT #00 2
[5256]M emorandum
[5258]mo “oaveApril 8) 1 1968
[5260]Ie Mr, DeLoach -
[5262]ere . Malley. To ena
[5263]... L=Mr. MeGowan 72):
[5265]Long 2.222
[5266]Martindale |
[5267]re Bishop
[5268]. Conrad .
[5270]_ This is the case involving t the e murder of Martin Luther r King, Tee r. 2
[5272]“= One of the most promising 7 leads developed s sO > far. is the laundiy
[5273]iags appearing on a T-shirt and a pair of shorts apparently abandoned by =
[5274]the subject with the rifle that is believed to be the murder weapon, It. _ .
[5275]_ , has been determined that these laundry marks were made by a Thermo Seal ©
[5276]~ marking machine manufactured by the Textile Marking Machine Company,.... |
[5277]Syracuse, New York, The manufacturer of this machine has advised that _- =
[5278]the laundry marks in question are unusual in that theycconsist of five =. -
[5279]characters whereas the usufal code contains six characters. wet ate gta
[5280]These markings are also unusual because the first two characters 7,
[5281]are in, smaller type while the remaining three characters are in larger -
[5282]"= type.::The normal arrangement is for the first three characters to be in
[5283]3 > smaller type and for the following characters to be in larger type. ‘The |
[5284]‘| Textile Marking Machine Company has stated only a limited number of |
[5285]'| machihes have been manufactured which print laundry marks in this ~
[5287]‘:{manner. Investigation is proceeding on an onpocited hast basis to locate these sees 7
[5288].~Imachines for the purpose of identityin fia the laun oe
[5289]eggs ne fee Wt Bay VG f= TP Oy a
[5291]furnished the Central Intelligence Agency file. op Robert Er. <ramaer,:
[5292]M, ‘BD. , Berkeley, California, whom Helmsconsiders at ‘suspect because of =~ ~
[5293]his resemblance to an artist's conseption of the-subject and because ofthe
[5295]. Central Intelligence Agency's experience with Kramer, The Central :
[5296]Intelligence Agency file states Kramer has a. ‘Long ‘ ‘atrest récord and contains ~~,
[5297]\2 Berkeley Police Department photograph, dated 1/277 66, number 22805."
[5299]Hidlosure Cewee— f-PLE Bit. y sewn RHIC ee ee
[5300]84 nok v. a Xo |
[5301]bos: ANE 21868 - AN ae CONTINUED, - OVER" |
[5302]i i oe ees ee Re a “=
[5304]a HP: Richard fig ficims, ivecten of the Central Pala abhey, has_ a
[5307]tert cet webbe! owe nein dy dt mgabe abel gigtints eiabiiattinaes bs! to ab beeabii wad UNSER Fe
[5308]24 ee meen eR ba py Ln i :
[5312]13-00000
[5314]He has ‘een a a “chronic letter writer to the Central Intelligence ‘Agency
[5315]criticizing them and the Government. By letter of 12/29/67 Kramer _... ... 7 .
[5316]requested the Central Intelligence Agency to pay him $100, 000 monthly“ ae
[5317]for six months for a paper on geopolitical economy he had previously ‘-
[5319]submitted, He concluded his letter with the statement, 'In the event that
[5321]you fail to acknowledge my request, I can accept no responsibility for.
[5322]any future efforts necessary to gain the combined ends of ideal -
[5323]government and financial recompense. * We scum sean)
[5325]: gi Enel, _ cane a us .
[5326]TFT moore The only record of Kramer found in Bureau ufiles is go
[5327]: } memorandum from the Central Intelligence Agency, 1/18/68, advising ou...
[5329]BALA ek ee ee Oe, lo anee “JF
[5331]us of his letters to the Central Intelligence Agency. ‘No record can be |
[5332]located in the Identification Division but Kramer's fingerprints a: are e being
[5333]obtained from the Perkeley police. SEA PR CVE. :
[5335]. Ae CG. Hayden, Intra-Division Information Unit of the e Department,
[5337]advised on the evening of 4/8/68 that Beatrice Rosenberg, a secretary in
[5338]_ the Attorney General's office, had received a telephone call froma |
[5340]man identifying himself as Frederick\Dunstan who said he resided at —
[5342]Route 350, Whitefield, North Carolina.\ Dunstan said he was calling the ~
[5344]Attorney General to report that a white man was in his house, was drunk,
[5346]had a gun and said he had killed Martin Luther King, Jr.. - -
[5348]There is no Whitefield, North Carolina, There is a Whiteville,
[5349]North Carolina. Investigation by the Charlotte Division has failed to. :
[5350]locate a Route 350, Box 350, or Highway 350 in the Whiteville area and ae
[5351]mo record of a Frederick Dunstan has been located, No record of Dunstan wie
[5352]could be found in Bureau files. mo.
[5354]Moree _«
[5357]; A pair of duckbill pliers was s found among the personal effects - an
[5358]believed to have been abandoned by the subject. These pliers bear a. oe
[5359]trademark of 'the Rompage Hardware Company, Los Angeles, Employees -
[5361]at the hardware company believe this is one of twelve pliers purchased it in
[5362]vores" October, 1966. Employees have no recollection of the sale of these - frien
[5363]mo pliers b but an exhaustive search is being made of charge sale records. - ve mtceecnnte:
[5365]a It is noted that the rifle believed to ‘be the murder weapon ¥ was _ oS ae
[5366]purchased in Birmingham, Alabama, 3/30/68. Binoculars found with the ~
[5368]« rifle were purchased in Memphis, 4/ 4/68, A latent fingerprint found on
[5370]: {the rifle is identical with a latent fingerprint found on the binoculars, This  —
[5372]es presents a strong probability that these fingerprints are those of the subject,
[5374]-2=... - CONTINUED PAGE THREE
[5377]13-00000
[5379]_ Memorandum to Mr. DeLoach _
[5381]wae“ Other major avenues of investigation include checking out”
[5383]white Mustang automobiles, since one was seen leaving at a high rate. --.
[5384]of speed after the shot was fired; efforts to trace a bedspread or blanket -
[5385]found with the gun, and the immediate processing of all suspects as” -
[5387]ns Attached isa memorandum for the White House, the e Attorney. -
[5388]. - General, the Deputy Attorney General and the Civil Rights Division,
[5390]2e Investigation : is continuing on an n all-out basis, Loe
[5391]- 7 ; : “ on nee . . . . & eee eee wee
[5394]3a we
[5395]“ ad
[5397], Tolson
[5399]13-00000 . -.
[5401]» Gua Gane m0, 6. 27 ho . : : _ DeLoa
[5402]_ UNITED STATES*GOVERNMENT or > -  fewach
[5403]. - Bishop
[5404]. : Casper
[5405]Memorandum 7 ea
[5406]. : , Felt
[5407]: se Te Gale
[5408]TO : Mr. posen Ly, ‘DATE: April 10, 1968 = Sivas.
[5409]- f Pons ; , ; ot Tavel —____.
[5410]So 1 - Mr, Rosen - Tetes Room
[5411]FROM :. C, L, McGowan s+ 1-Mr. Malley == Gy
[5412]To, Lf, 1 - Mr. McGowan ere
[5413]A » 4 pe 1 - Mr. Long
[5415]SUBJECT: | MURKIN
[5417]a,
[5419]ee This is the matter involving the assassination
[5420]of Dr. Martin Luther King.
[5422]a oo Liaison’ advised of the receipt of information ae
[5423]_-from Richard Helms, Director of CIA, that one Robert
[5425]US 7 r_ was a possible suspect. According: to information
[5427]Be furnished by Howard Osborn, Director of Security of —
[5429]y..»%* CYA, Kramer, who is a doctor, has been a source of ©
[5431]Ue trouble to CIA for some time. Only recently Mr. Helms. —
[5433]a received a very cryptic telegram from Kramer. . In reviewing ~
[5434]Kramer's file, they noted a photograph which bears a
[5435]very strong resemblance to recent pictures of artist :
[5436]drawings of the killer which have appeared in local papers. a
[5437]The likeness was so striking that Mr. Helms thought it . ,
[5438]' should be brought to the attention of the FBI immediately.
[5440]ACTION:
[5442]Senior Resident Agent Jesse Hall, Alexandria, -
[5443]Virginia, was telephonically contacted and instructed to
[5444]obtain full detaiis from the files of CIA Headquarters
[5445]at Langley, Virginia, together with all background infor-.
[5446]mation on Kramer, as well as a photograph, so that this —
[5447]matter could be thoroughly checked out.
[5449]CRM:mes , j:CL”
[5451](5) - si fo 7 ,
[5452]— . Gye 29 Ui i Lf, 20
[5453]moa (¥- 2ENCI@3Bp
[5455]i2 APRI6 18
[5457]eta ioeraa ey
[5459], tA \
[5460]‘yy i )
[5461]rat AGT “oar & a wf oO
[5462]ei B yo rahal oe oy \
[5463](ara 7 . ' uy ‘| {h v \
[5464]i nts . NO 2a Lk pers
[5465]\ aN ay
[5467]13-00000
[5469]vt Sebi
[5471]Subject of FBI investigations : in 1954 (Voice of America)
[5472]and 1956 (USIA) - Bureau File 123- 15026.
[5474]wo Of possible interest 4 is , similarity between! his name and
[5475]oP) that of "Eric Starvo GALT." In that Richard STAAR is |
[5476]similar. GWIAZDA is "star" in Polish. Among STAAR's
[5477]references on a 1949 PHS is Professor Stanley AULT,
[5478]_ Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana.
[5480]From 1959 to 1962 (latest information available) STAAR.
[5481]was a Professor of Political Science at Emory University, ...
[5482]Atlanta, Georgia, His local residence addresses during ...
[5483]_ that period are shown as 303 Vickers Drive, N. &., _
[5485]" t . _ Atlanta, 7, and 879 Clifton os N.E., Atlanta, - Georgia.
[5486][eo ; ; me . . ert Fe mmemeniattion’ aes
[5488]os , ot 7
[5489]“yard!
[5492]rr a a "0 APR 31968
[5493]i | _ 7 RE aT 10 t 29
[5495]. ' . . eo oo a oO : i a
[5496]Re.  RaSEESURE Be
[5497]. REA ee
[5498]TOMA T= 1958  Sepae
[5500]13-00000.
[5501]oN
[5503]Sewer we: tag Le : :.
[5507]13-00000 , _
[5508]dee ee gene vung pee cee ae ea aaa —.
[5510]UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT » | ed Hohe
[5511]: . . ishop
[5512]. , _ : : . Casper —
[5513]Womarandun ia
[5514]. . a oo Gale
[5515]TO : Mr, nosen Jr, ‘DATE: April 10, 1968 Rosen ~
[5516]1-Mr. Rosen . °° © tole Roos
[5517]FROM : C, L, McGowan 7+ 1-Mr. Malley «| gam
[5518]oo of 1 -Mr, McGowan | mo,
[5519]NO em 1- ur. Long .
[5523]This is the matter involving the assassination .
[5524]of Dr. Martin Luther King. a, .
[5526]i Liaison’ advised of the receipt of information
[5527]frém “Richard Helms, Director of CIA, that. one Robert ee
[5528]oe aes a possible suspect. According to’ THrormation - °
[5529]ao. furnished by Howard Osborn, Director of Security of = =
[5530]«+ CXA, Kramer, who is a doctor, has been a source of © 2005 |
[5531]an - trouble to CIA’ for some time. Only recently Mr. Helms. °.- |.
[5532]a received a very cryptic telegram from Kramer, . In reviewing ”
[5533], ’ Kramer's file, they noted a photograph which bears a. .
[5534]very strong resemblance to recent pictures of artist
[5535]. @rawings of the killer which have appeared in local papers.
[5536]The likeness was so striking that Mr. Helms thought it: oe,
[5537]_ Should be brought to the attention of the FBI. _Amediately. a
[5541]Senior Resident Agent Jesse Hall, Alexandria,
[5542]Virginia, was telephonically contacted and instructed to .
[5543]obtain full details from the files of CIA Headquarters |
[5544]at Langley, Virginia, together with all background infor-—  — .
[5545]mation on Kramer, as well as a photograph, so that this...
[5546]matter could. be thoroughly checked out. ; 7
[5548]A
[5550]7 CRitsmes 4 Ll
[5551]me APR 16 1968 go
[5555], . ; . - e a an
[5557]re aps “e arn hs
[5559]“ : - .
[5560]"f ~Lots . Boy a ; : We
[5561]. . ce ‘ 4 : Soe. so. - be Ki
[5563]ii . Cr re rn oe
[5565]13-00000
[5567]ee See Be cee
[5568]2 Beets) tam bea
[5569]. OF - | ppb =. 76S F
[5570]a . r
[5571]ie, Ge ne Wilsoa, 3 POrA/PA Coordinator Rt, 12, Fredericks, id, 21701
[5572]‘Sactrel Intelligence Agency 7/21/77 _ (Torn oO. ont uceetta,
[5574]YVashington, D.C.
[5576]Dear Er. Wilson, lg, yEs AS A 2 1a
[5578]The news account of your coming release of an , addi tion 1al 4,000 pages on whet might -
[5579]be celled mind-bending reminds me that my requests seem tome to cover this end that you
[5580]nave not notified ue of this release. I do want these. If you interpret uy prior requests’
[5581]wo. -@g not covering then. . then consider this a new request. ii recollection is that my initial
[5582]4" peguests cover anything arid verything directly or indirectly related to this subject. That
[5583]. you have interpreted my requests as 1 have is evidence from prior correspondence noti- .
[5584]fying ne of releases. .- * ee . _
[5586]tor: Under the Act there is authori ty for the remission of all ‘costs and ‘fees. L believe |
[5587]ivewe. I meet the requirements for. this remission and I make the request fornally.. My work: -
[5588]melts restricted exclusively to what is now regarded ‘as inportant histori cal cases, In ‘one “
[5589]we “on which If have paid the CIA large sums without compliance, the King assassination, the -
[5591]- Previous Attozney General so held, formally, confirned by a federal judge. I have already -
[5592]arranged to give all my reco#ds, not’ just these, to a university sys tem, t believe atan |
[5594]“ earlier date I reserved the right to recover these fees. I have delayed a°fornal appeals «
[5596]~aky ), pending a determination of a judge that there be a ruling by the Department. of Justice *
[5598]- fees WLtR regard to me and on -this,. The Departrent provided » bargain~basement response, a.”
[5600]cody 603 rewission that I have appealed and will if necessary litigate. x "hope > the CTA will * 0
[5601]wath 8 act * favorably on this. | oe ee a
[5603]. Tt has. been a very long tine since I have heard from 1 you : about a multitude of ‘requests
[5604]all ‘hong overdus by your own backlog clai:s. One of these is on the King assassination, In.
[5605]that you may recall you estimated a $1 0004 search fee 224 askei for and received a 3500 —-
[5606]deposit. What you have sent is ludicrous. In tie long time in which I have heard and :
[5607]. received nothing further IT think you have in effect refused the  Pequest af after charging |.
[5608]weal fees S80 $his-is also an_appeal_oa the “ine/Ray records. _ co rae
[5609]I aa.asking again when 1 may expect to hear from you on ell the other request CS, |
[5610]including my PA request for the records on me. fhe appeel is several years old now. Ky a
[5611]recollection is that yopr last reference to this stated the poscessing of the apveal had.
[5612]rot bean conpleted. I have rights under the Act to mor: then copies. I want to exercise —
[5613]‘those rights. This is impossible without obtaining all copies first. Asul have toid you
[5614]_. repeatedly I would prefer not to have to litigate this. What I am thus really aalcing you:
[5615]is doe s the CIA want me to suit it on a request that goes back to 1977 and on which it ‘is.
[5619]_ not in compliance? jot. even processed tye appeal?
[5621]- Anonz the factors makinz it difficult to keep track of these non-compliances is your .
[5622]foilure to respond as well as to comply. I believe I have asked this before. +£I have then! .
[5623]. Kuhet follows is an avpyeal frou a refusal, +f I have not it is a new request, I would like } EL K
[5624]yr “all records relating to my requests and appeals, including their sequential relationships |
[5625]‘ye | £0 other requests, under both Acts and particularly as tis relates to compliance with -
[5626]ye totnor renuests. ; ; Pa
[5628]oo a sing in ff Do co a
[5630]ul, Hd S$ A G2 lap ° .
[5632]BR
[5634]Harold Weisberg
[5637]13-00000
[5640]ne Se ; 7
[5641]so, . ° oo, LoG- &S
[5642]7 . —_ Anrene (F- 16-382). Beart he awe us
[5643]a ee | Ke pruk | = 76: “3 fo
[5644], LO ,
[5645]He, Cons, Wiloon, pora/PA Coordinatar - Rte 12, Frodericts, iid. 21704
[5646]‘Pattrel Intelligence Agency 7/21/77 oe (Ton O., osc)
[5647]_ + Washington, D.C. , - - Tn
[5648]“" Dear Er. Wilson . Coe . - ae arr a as A wea :
[5651]The news account of your « coming release of an “addi tional 4,000 pages’ on what might -
[5653]- be called mind-bending reminds. me. that. my requests seex to.me to cover this end that you
[5654]have not notified ne of this release. I do want these. If you interpret my prior reguests LQ
[5656]-as not covering them then consider this a new request. ii-recollection is that my initial -
[5658]requests cover anything arid verything directly or indirectly: related ‘to this subject. That
[5660]. you have interpreted my. requests agi have is evidence from t prior correspondence noti- . a
[5662]fying me of releases. we . . :
[5664]Bk Ge Under the Act there ‘is aut thori ity ‘for the renigsion of all ‘costs and ‘fees. I believe,
[5665]“I meet: the requirements ‘for. ‘this remission and I make the request fornally. My work .
[5666]eo is restricted ezclusively to what is now regarded ‘ag inportant histori cal. cases, In one |
[5667]on which If have paid ‘the CIA large. sums without complience, the King assassination, the -
[5668]Previous Attorney General so held, formally, confirmed by a federal judge. I have already ©
[5669]atranged to give ell my recofds, not just these, to ‘a university systen. t believe at an.
[5670]‘earlier date I reserved the right to recover these fees. I have delayed a’ formal appeals
[5671]ni pending a determination ‘of a judge that there be a ruling by tthe Department: of Justice ©
[5672]tees With regard to me and on this.. The Departrent provided 2 bargain-base enent response, a.
[5673]° 6077 remission that I have appealed. and will if necessary litigete. I i Rope tne. OTA will
[5674]tt act favorably on this. ok : peat
[5676]Th. ERY been 2 very long tine since I have heard from ou “about a multit tude of requests
[5677]“ali Tons overtus by your own backlog claius. Cne of these is on the Xing assassination, In
[5679]_. .: T aaasiing again when I ney y expect to hear from you on ell: -the other ‘requests, ~~
[5680] dncluding my PA request for the records on me, The eppeal | is several years old now. Hy
[5681]' vecollection is that yodr last reference to this stated the ppecessing of the anvxeal had
[5682]not bean completed. I have rights under the Act to mor: then copies. I want to exercise
[5683]' those rights. This is impossible without obtaining all copies first. Asvl have toid you
[5684]. repeatedly I vould prefer not to have to litigate this. What I am thus really asking you:
[5685]is doe s the CIA want me to suit it on a request that goes back to 1s71 and on uhich it ‘is
[5686]-not in compliance? tot even processed tye appeal?
[5688]Anong the factors makin it difficult to keep track of these non-compliances is your
[5689]' failure to respond as well as to comply. I believe I have asked this before. 4+£ I have then .
[5690]. Xwuhet follows is an appeal frou.a refusal, +f I have not it is a new request. I would like } EL K,
[5691]Yall records relating to ny requests and appeals; including their sequeitial relationships |
[5692]® } to other requests, under both Acts and particularly as tis relates to compliance with
[5693]Lother requests. ..
[5694]a . . . - . : . . a . . foo,
[5696]ee Sinctrely, fi, .
[5697]face
[5699]Harold Weisberg - \
[5704]13-00000 _ cs
[5706]CD) ualctassiFte Ose ont —E conFipentIan 3S SECRET
[5708]_PRIORITY HANDLING — FOIA REQUEST
[5710]SUBJECT: "{Opticna oe : . REQUEST NUMBER
[5712]FOIA A ppeal - Harold Weisberg, for 4nformatiion about .
[5713]“Martin Luther King, Jr. and James. Earl Ray ‘ mn IPS F 76-382
[5715]: EXTENSION | OATE SENT” “!
[5717]2 1G. “Bean : | ~ 15-AuG 7
[5718]Assistant for Information, DDA _ 5217 15 AU tof
[5719]to . SUSPENSE DATE
[5721]_ TO: {Ofer desi in, foom number; and pe ; , : j
[5722]building) mo : - : “OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number ebch comment to show from whom
[5724]JINITIAU to whom. Drow a fine across column after each comment.)
[5726]‘Mr. Wells, DDO
[5728]; RU: Mr. Addons, ppo/Pioc - Attached ‘is an FOTA Appeal
[5730]with a due date of 19 Aug 77.
[5732]In accordance with IPS pro-
[5733]cedures, the Chairman has assigned
[5734]action for this appeal as follows:.
[5736]‘Mr, Wells,.Mr. Dirks,
[5737]Mr. Stevens _ and: Mr. Blake
[5739]Designated Action Member(s):
[5741]Me. Stevens, DDI should contact me within 48 hours
[5743]: Mr. Lawler, DDI/FIO— should: there be any objection to
[5744]= : the case assignment.
[5746]The 0GC attorney assigned to | _
[5747]advise you or your Appeals Officer =
[5748]regarding this case is: -
[5750]| Mr, Ziebell.
[5752]The Action Member or Appeals
[5754]Officer is requéstéd.to ensure —~
[5755]Mr, Ziebell, OGC that staft work ‘is completed ar
[5756]6-D- . . e case is ready for presentation
[5757]D-0120 - Has. BX should such be required) at the
[5759]il aan 77 meeting.
[5761]“Wr, Biddiscombe, |
[5762]GE 31 HQ FX-1
[5764]RETURN 10:"
[5766]“To SECRET ‘o CONFIDENTIAL
[5768]merge 3719 Cy INTERNAL =] UNCLASSIFIED
[5770]13-00000
[5772]. oe | [Aekncnated tory te
[5774]- pot , mo JAMES H. LESAR draft
[5775]_ ™ _.. ATTORNEY AT LAW 7 ot oe
[5777]Mr. Gene F. “Wilson
[5779]. Central. Intelligence Agency
[5780]Washington, D. ce 20505
[5782]Luther King, Jr.
[5784]1231 FOURTH STREET, S. W.
[5785]WASHINGTON, D. C. 20024
[5787]_ F 760382
[5789]TELEPHONE (202) 484.6023
[5791]June 11, 1976 =
[5793]2 BOGE.
[5795]Freedom of Information Coordinator
[5797]Dear Mr. Wilson: |
[5799]. on behalf of Mr. Harold Weisberg of - Frederick, Maryland,
[5800]request access” to the following: ; Q
[5802]oa All records pertaining to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
[5804]2. All records pertaining to the assassination of Dr. Martin oe
[5806]3. All records pertaining to James Earl | Ray under whatever mes
[5807]name or alias. . joe . a not
[5809]4. All 11 re erds on any alleged or [suspected] accome
[5811]. associate in the assassination of Dr. Martin Lut er King, Jr.
[5813]5. All_collections of_published materials on the assassination
[5815]of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
[5817]6. All analyses, ' commentaries, reports, or. investigations on
[5818]or_in any way pertaining to any publishéd materials on the assassi-—
[5820]ation of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. or the authors of said materials.
[5822]7. ALL records, letters, cables, memorandums, routing slips, -.
[5823]photographs, tape recordings, receipts, sketches, computer printouts |
[5824]or any other form of data pertaining to or in any way relevant
[5825]the foregoing requests for information, regardless of source or =
[5826]origin. oe es
[5828]This request is made under the provisions of the Freedom C8
[5829]Information Act, 5 U.S.C. §552, as amended by Public Law (93- 3022,
[5831]Sincerely yours,
[5833]face ce fet
[5835]SL, way
[5838]13-00000
[5840]21 JUN 976
[5842]- James Hy Lesar, Esquire
[5843]1231 Fourth Street, S.W.
[5844]Washington, D.C. 20024
[5846]~ Dear Mr. Lesar:
[5848]re This acknowledges receipt of your letter of 11 June 1976
[5849]on behalf of Mr..Harold Weisberg requesting, under provisions |
[5850]of the Freedom of Information Act, access to any CIA records
[5851]dealing with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and/or James Earl Ray .
[5853]and any of his alleged or suspected accomplices in Dr. King's
[5854]assassination. -
[5856]I shall arrange for a search of CIA files and shall be in ©
[5857]further communication with you once the search has been completed
[5858]and any records found reviewed for releasability under the Act.
[5860]As you may ‘know, the heavy volume of Freedom of Information
[5861]requests received by the Agency has resulted in processing back-
[5862]logs. If we do not respond within the 10 working days stipulated
[5863]by the Act, it is your right to construe this as a denial, subject
[5864]to appeal to the CIA Information Review Committee. It would seem
[5865]more reasonable, however, for us to continue processing your request
[5866]and to respond as soon as feasible. Any denials of records could
[5867]be appealed at that time. Unless we hear from you otherwise, we ;
[5868]will assume that this is agreeable to you and proceed on this basis.
[5870]For your information, I am enclosing a copy of our fee schedule.
[5871]If the charges seem likely to be considerable, I shall provide you |
[5872]with an estimate and perhaps require a partial payment in advance
[5873]of processing.
[5875]Sincerely,
[5876]/s/GFW
[5878]Gene F., Wilson
[5879]Information and Privacy Coordinator
[5881]Enclosure: as stated
[5882]IPS/CES/cb/21 Jun 76Distribution:
[5883]Orig - Addressee
[5884]i Wipe Chrono
[5885]IPS (F-76- 382)
[5888]13-00000
[5890]ee Jar
[5892]30 Nov i975
[5894]IPS/DGV/cr/29 Nov 76 __
[5896]Distribution:
[5897]. - Orig. ~ Addressee
[5898]James H. Lesar, Esquire 1.- OGC. (sericktand)
[5899]1251 Fourth Street, S.¥. a - ose.
[5900]Washington, DC 20024 - - :
[5901]aaa 9 - AI/DDA
[5903]—— ~ IPS (Neisberg,F-76-382) | SPR
[5904]‘Dear Mr. Lesar: 7 - IPS (Weisber Corres nd
[5905]zo 7 . a ~ IPS Chrono . pe ence)
[5906]- You will. recall that « our letter ef 21 June 1976 acknowledged
[5907]. yeceipt of your letter on behalf of Mr. Harold Weisberg requesting,
[5908]_ under provisions ef the Freedoew of Inforzation Act, access to any ..
[5909]_ CIA records dealing with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and toe those
[5910]dealing with James Earl Ray and any of his alleged or suspected |
[5911]_ accomplices in Dr. King's assassination.
[5913]Ye find that we are unable to respond te your request as ate
[5914]now stands due to legal and regulatery restrictions on the release
[5915]of personal information from-official records. In that Light,
[5916]please be advised that we can proceed - no further with ysur request
[5917]onless and until we are in receipt of notarized statements of re-
[5918]lease from Mrs, Coretta King and James Earl Ray, respectively.
[5919]These statements should be quite specific as to what areas of
[5920]personal information are and are not authorized for release by this
[5921]Agency to-you and your client. If all information in our records _
[5922]is releasable, that should. be so stated; if only such inforsation |
[5923]as relates to specific incidents or to specific periods of tine is
[5924]releasable, these caveats sheald be clearly stated.
[5926]Finally, we must ask that you provide a stateuent of willing-"
[5928]ness to pay search and duplication fees as required by this request
[5929]and in line with the fee schedule enclosed. It has been estimated
[5931]. that such charges could spproach $1996. Along with the notarized
[5932]statenents shove, and the starement of willingness to pay all search
[5933]and copying charges (or those up to an established limit}, we would
[5934]require a down payment of half the anticipated charges. Payment
[5935]should be wade to this office in the form of a check er money order
[5936]payable to Treasurer of the United States. ;
[5938]pneerely,
[5939]fan heor
[5941]Gene F. Wilson
[5942]Information and Privacy Coordinator
[5944]Enclosure
[5947]eg JAMES H. LESAR a ey
[5948], ae ; ATTORNEY AT LAW wOEN
[5949]_ _ 1281 FOURTH STREET, 5. W.
[5950]a -: WASHINGTON, D. c, 20024
[5952]TELEPHONE (202) 484-6023 . ,
[5953]December 3, 1976
[5955]Mr. Gene F. Wilson
[5957]Information and Privacy Coordinator
[5958]‘Central Intelligence Agency
[5959]Washington, D. C. 20505
[5961]- Dear Mr. Wilson: . ier
[5963]in response to your letter of November: 30, 1976, Mr. Harold
[5964].Weisherg has authorized me to state his willingess to pay search |
[5965]and copying charges up to the amount of $1,000 if such charges are
[5966]_xequired by his Freedom of Information Act request for records
[5967]pertaining to Dr, Martin Luther King, Jr. and his assassination.
[5969]Because you require a down payment of half the anticipated charges,
[5970]I enclose a check for $500. 00:
[5972]‘This ‘payment of . $500. 00 and any subsequent payments made in
[5973]connection with this request are tendered with the express reserva-
[5974]tion that Mr. Weisberg does not waive his right to recover them
[5976]C.I.A. regulations provide:
[5978]wo
[5979]Records shall be furnished without charge ,
[5980]or at a reduced rate whenever the Coordina- =
[5981]tor determines that waiver or reduction of =
[5982]the charge is in the public interest because >
[5983]furnishing the information can be considered
[5985]as primarily benefiting the general public.
[5987]The Coordinator also may waive or reduce the
[5989]charge whenever he determines that the inte-
[5991]rest of the government would be served there~
[5993]by. 32 C.F.R. §1900.25(a).
[5995]In accordance with this regufatibn, I call upon you to
[5996]determine that it is in the public and governmental interest to
[5997]waive search and copying charges incurred in connection with Mr.
[5998]Weisberg's request. Enclosed herein is a copy of a letter to Deputy
[5999]Attorney General Harold R. Tyler, Jr. which makes a similar request
[6000]of the Department of Justice. The reasons expressed in that letter
[6002]for granting a waiver are incorporated in my request that you grant
[6003]a waiver.
[6005]Should you require it, I will provide you with affidavits by
[6006]myself, Mr. Weisberg, and others in support of this request for a
[6007]waiver of the search and copying charges for these records. If you
[6008]do wish supporting affidavits, I would appreciate it if you would
[6010]a
[6012]13-00000 ,. .
[6014]“
[6018]_ granted.
[6020]- pte
[6022]a’ .
[6023]. ~
[6025]inform me of this as soon as possible. I would also request
[6026]that you indicate what standards, if any, you have established = —
[6027]for determining whether or not a request for waiver should be
[6029]You state that you can proceed no further with Mr. Weisberg's
[6031]request “unless and until we are in receipt of notarized state~
[6032]ments Of release from Mrs. Coretta King and James Ear] Ray, —
[6034]‘ respectively." Because Mr. Weisberg's request undoubtedly com-.
[6036]prises records which do not involve any proper claim of privacy,
[6037]this cannot be true. I do enclose, however, a copy of a notarized.
[6038]waiver by James Earl Ray. I will immediately contact Mrs. King -
[6039]about .a waiver by her. In the meantime, I request that you proceed
[6040]to make available those records responsive to Mr. Weisberg's re-
[6041]quest which do not involve any proper claim of invasion of privacy.
[6043]Sincerely yours,
[6045]aunty W-
[6047]James H. Lesar:
[6050]13-00000
[6052]13 JAN 1977
[6054]. lemes: H. Lesar,: Esquire a
[6055]- 4231 Fourth St.3-AWee Ue
[6056]Washington, DC 20024. -
[6058]Dear Mr. Lesar: 7
[6060]_ Thank you: for your letter of 27 December. This will acknowledge
[6062], receipt of the sworn waiver executed by Mr. James Earl Ray,. and to ee
[6064]... advise that. processing of this portion of your request has been initi- 7 _
[6065]ated. Upon receipt of the sworn wafver from Mrs. King,. as mentioned a
[6066]in your letter of 3 December, we will. then be able to proceed with all :
[6067]aspects of your FOIA request... We also wish to acknowledge receipt of
[6069]your check for $500.
[6071]‘Thank you for: your assistance and continued cooperation. cae
[6072]‘Ths request. has been assigned the c case number. F-76-382.
[6074]_ - - “yg Sincerely, |
[6075]i Gene F. Wilson.
[6076]Information and Privacy Coordinator
[6078]IPS/EK/cb/12 Jan 77
[6079]Distribution:
[6080]Ortg - Addressee
[6081]1 ~,IPS Chrono
[6082]1 “IPS F-76-382
[6083]1 - 0GC .
[6085]13-00000
[6089]3 ‘ FOIA ‘Appeal ~ Harold Weisberg for information about j oe H
[6090]j ips F 76-382 ml
[6091]- “a1 wee
[6093]Martin Luther King, Jr. and James Earl Ray i
[6094]Le | |
[6096]FO AA Y me
[6098]i H.G. Bean | 43 AUS wel
[6099]a Assistant for Information, DDA | 5117 eet ie wens
[6100]7D 02 HQ pra
[6102]4
[6103]PRE AS ane DA‘E | - : j
[6104]i wilding OFFICER'S. i COMAENTS ‘Number such comasnt to show from whom
[6105]: . gtceiveo | AORWAaDED INITMALs | ta whem, Drow a line across caluma ofrer each comment.)
[6106]Be ee — _—. _————-—-
[6109]i. .-
[6110]Mr. Wells, DDO | DDO a | Attached is an FOIA Appeal
[6111]| {
[6114]i
[6115]4
[6117]a
[6119]i
[6120]PHRU? “ nas Poresce J with a due date of 19 Aug 77.
[6121]j 2,
[6125]In accordance with IPS pro-
[6126]cedures, the Chairman has assigned
[6127]| action for this appeal as followa:
[6129]3. Mr. Dirks, DDS&T
[6130]THRU: Mr. Redmond, DDS&T/FIO
[6132]6B 56 HQ” BY=1_
[6134]ay
[6136]Mr. Wells, Mr. Dirks,
[6138]4, Mr. Stevens and Mr. Blake
[6139]Designated Action Member{s)
[6140]should contact me within 48 hours
[6141]should there be any objection to:
[6142]the case assignment.
[6145]5 Mr. Stevens, DDI
[6146]THRU: Mr. Lawler, DDI/FIO
[6148]The OGC attorney assigned to
[6149]advise you or your Appeals Officer
[6150]| regarding this case is:. ,
[6152]Mr. Blake, DDA
[6153]7D 26HQ . BX-4
[6155]Mr. Ziebell
[6157]The Action Mewher or Appeals
[6158]Officer is requested to ensure
[6159]that staff work is completed and
[6160]the case is ready for presentation
[6161](should such be required) at the
[6163]11 Aug 77 meeting.
[6165]eee Ae NN AL IRL AIL tS A ct em Sm -
[6167]SE “aU! iy MCLASSTFIES
[6170]13-00000_ -
[6173]13-00000 . :
[6175]OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR F.
[6177]UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
[6178]FEDERAL BUREAU ‘OF INVESTIGATION a on _
[6180]WASHINGTON, D.C. (20535 _ — y J
[6182]Date: September 28, 1977 BY COURIER
[6184]To: Freedom of Information Act Coordinator
[6185]Central Intelligence Agency
[6186]Washington, D. C.
[6188]atet Attention: Gene F. Wilson
[6189]: Room 2E 42
[6191]so MEPS REGISTRY |
[6192]From: Clarence M. Kelley, Director F7r7-0¥sf
[6194]Subject: FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA) REQUEST OF
[6195]HAROLD WEISBERG
[6197]This is in reference to our referral of documents
[6198]to your Agency dated August 18, 1977, and your response
[6199]to that referral dated September 9, 1977.
[6201]LW 99-564 clewd 9/9177
[6203]We have segregated Erom this referral those documents
[6204]which are not responsive to Mr. Weisberg's FOIA request.
[6205]The remaining documents which are being forwarded to your
[6206]Agency are construed to be within the scope of Mr. Weisberg's
[6207]request. Should you reach a determination that some of
[6208]these documents are not responsive to Mr. Weisberg's request,
[6209]please return those documents which you so consider to the
[6210]FBI. We would appreciate your processing all those documents
[6211]which you consider to be within the scope of Mr. Weisberg's
[6212]request as it is necessary that we resolve the disposition
[6213]of these documents and so inform the requester without
[6214]further delay.
[6216]Attached are iva documents from our files which
[6217]originated with your Agency. Please examine these documents
[6218]and if classified, determine if classification is to be
[6219]Maintained. If continued classification is not warranted,
[6220]or if the documents are unclassified and otherwise releasable,
[6221]Please delete any portion to be withheld under the FOIA
[6222]and cite the applicable exemptions. . ée
[6226]tiki SOF {30
[6228]sOLuTIOn,
[6230]g
[6231]te Praga
[6233]a
[6234]Pag?
[6236]13-00000
[6238]ace
[6240]a
[6241]Centr { Intell igence Agency , .
[6243]a
[6245]; _ . ;
[6246]Also attached are(two/FBI documents which contain
[6247]information received from your agency. The information
[6249]is being referred for a current classification determination
[6250]and releasability under the provisions of the FOIA.
[6252]If there are any questions regarding the above,
[6253]Please contact Ralph Harp, FOIPA Branch, at telephone number
[6254]324-5566.
[6256]A
[6258]Enclosures (8)
[6260]+ .
[6262]13-00000
[6264]4 a)
[6267]Sri hfe,
[6269]urd a
[6272]‘2
[6274]Lf
[6277]et
[6280]158 Reset 2 NEY pide,
[6284]noe
[6286]te
[6288]oe
[6290]r
[6291]-“*
[6295]4
[6297]is
[6299]_ nation of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.:..
[6301]i
[6302]. a |
[6303]‘. 3 tee 8 SAMES H. LESAR | -
[6304]ne, . toe ATTORNEY ATLAW .
[6305]Phare UNG elk Re Get tebe fi 01°) SRS FOURTH STREET, 8. W. - t,. ' oe
[6307]“WASHINGTON, B. C. 20024
[6309]‘Warernons (202) 404.6023
[6311]- December 23,1975 -
[6313]FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST 2. ct
[6314]1 =.
[6315]Mr. Harold Tyler, Jr. xe ee
[6316]Deputy Attorney General . ma TS
[6317]oJ. S. Department of Justice me
[6318]Washington, D. C. 20530 | $$ 3
[6319]; 7
[6321]Dear Mr. Tyler: .
[6322]On behalf of Mr. Harold Weisberg, I am requesting that you :
[6323]grant him access to the following records pertaining to the assassi- *
[6325].
[6326]. . a ie
[6328]1. All receipts for any letters, cables, documents, reports,
[6329]memorandums, or other communications in any form whatsoever.
[6333]2. All receipts for vany items of physical evidence.
[6335]3. <All reports or memorandums on the results of any tests
[6336]performed on any item of evidence, including any comparisons normally
[6337]made in the investigation of a crime.
[6339]; °4. All reports or memorandums on any €ingerprints found at the
[6340]scene of the crime or on any item allegedly related to the crime.
[6341]This is meant to include, for example, any fingerprints found in or
[6342]on the white Mustang abandoned in Atlanta, in any room allegedly
[6343]used or rented by James Earl Ray, and on any registration card. It
[6344]should also include all fingerprints found on any item considered as
[6345]evidence in the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
[6347]5. Any taxicab log or manifest of Memphis cab driver James
[6348]McCraw or the cab company for which he worked.
[6350]6. Any tape or transcript of the radio logs of the Memphis
[6351]rouace Department or the Shelby County Sheriff's Office for April 4,
[6352]968.
[6354]7. All correspondence and records of other communications
[6355]exchanged between the Department of Justice or any division thereof
[6356]and:
[6358]R. A. Ashley, Jr. , [ies a c : Qss abe
[6359]Harry 6. Avery vt
[6361]13-00000 .
[6363]a
[6365]S .
[6367]> q ‘ * . . .
[6369]dow, ’ - ;
[6371]zi A tees an wwe : a . -> ara) i 2 - 4 wee
[6373]a . ; 7 - 2 . . ~
[6374]a? - aa
[6378]a. ..James G. Beasley . 7 toe Ly. .
[6380]- sts . <', ¢ * ae . ta
[6381]Beton. osre Clay Blair oo, ; 3
[6382]at Tee eeye set "David" CaTGutt’ eter se Lait wtlsa set i adlce eden tde ote
[6384]-- Phil M. Canale . . ; 7 . ,
[6386]John Carlisle
[6387]Robert K. Dwyer
[6388]. Gov. Buford Ellington
[6389]Michael Eugene .
[6390]= Percy Foreman ‘
[6391]Gerold Frank
[6392]Roger Frisby
[6393]Arthur Hanes, Jr.
[6394]Arthur Hanes, &r.
[6395]W. Henry Haile
[6396]William J. Haynes, Jr.
[6397]Robert W. Hill, dr.
[6398]William Bradford Huie °
[6399]George McMillan
[6400]“ William N. Morris
[6402]APS WAS) BASE Seba e
[6404]#5. : . Jeremiah O'Leary
[6405]; i! David M. Pack .
[6406]SS - Lloyd A. Rhodes
[6407]a. 3. 8. Stoner Le Stanton :
[6408]$R Bugh 7 Jr. .
[6409]; Hugh Stoner 8
[6410]| z . 3 Stonton
[6411]ts 8. All correspondence or records of other communications per-
[6412]me taining to the guilty plea of James Earl Ray exchanged between the
[6414]Department of Justice or any division thereof and:
[6416]Rev. Ralph Abernathy
[6417]Rev. James Bevel
[6418]Rev. Jesse Jackson
[6419]Mrs. Coretta King
[6420]Rev. Samuei B. Kyles
[6422]e a o
[6425]kite
[6427]= Rev. Andrew Young
[6428]2 Harry Wachtel
[6429]Al 9. All notes or memorandums pertaining to any letter, cable,
[6430]3 | or other written communication from or on behalf of the District
[6431]ee Attorney General of Shelby County, Tennessee, or the Attorney
[6432]«J General of Tennessee to the Department of Justice or any division
[6433]aH thereof, .
[6434]a
[6436]a]
[6438]|
[6440]ee Ne,
[6441]or Ce
[6443]Wyte
[6445]4
[6447]13-00000
[6451]Ao, wi. notes. or. memorandums pertaining to. any telephonic... Fe
[6452]“or vérbal communications from or on behalf of the District Attorney =
[6453].:s General. of Shelby County ,::Tennessee,;: or: the Attorney General"of + * .
[6454]-fTennessee to the Department:of Justice or any division thereof.
[6455]il. All tape recordings and all logs, transcripts, notes,
[6456]reports, memorandums or any other written record of or reflecting
[6457]any surveillance of any kind whatsoever of the following persons:
[6459]‘fl
[6461]Judge Preston Battle
[6462]Wayne Chastain
[6463]Bernard Fensterwald
[6464]Percy Foreman
[6465]Gerold Frank
[6466]Arthur Hanes, Jr.
[6467]Arthur Hanes, Sr.
[6468]--Renfro Hays he ke ee Fe
[6472]“~
[6476]e
[6477]o
[6479].
[6480].
[6485]Ei Robert W. Hill, Jr.
[6486]. William Bradford Huie
[6487]pt , James H. Lesar . a
[6488]ae 7 Robert I. Livingston
[6489]A. George McMillan .
[6490]oF: Judge Robert McRae, Jr.
[6492]Fi , Albert Pepper
[6493]4" Carol Pepper
[6495]Pa James Earl Ray
[6496]x Jerry Ray
[6497]“> John Ray -
[6498]an Richard J. Ryan
[6499]5 J. B. Stoner
[6500], Russell X. Thompson
[6501]ha! Harold Weisberg
[6502]‘2 This is meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail
[6503]% covers, mail interception, interception by any telephonic, electronic,
[6504]“3 mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with third
[6505]= persons and the use of informants.
[6506]h . 12. All tape recordings and all logs, transcripts, notes,
[6507]“4 reports, memorandums or any other written record of or reflecting
[6508]ie any surveillance of any kind whatsoever on the Committee to Investi-
[6509]ny gate Assassinations (CTIA) or any person associated with it in any .
[6511]way.
[6513]This is meant to include not only physical shadowing but also
[6514]-s mail covers, mail interception, interception by any telephonic,
[6515]electronic, mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with
[6516]third persons and the use of informants. .
[6518].wecords pertaining to, any alleged or contemplated, -
[6519]“witness, “ine itluding any statements, transcripts, reports, ¢ or memoran’: |
[6520]"duns ‘from any source whatsoever. a te ee ern an
[6522]14. All correspondence of the following persons, ‘regardless:
[6523]of origin or however obtained: :
[6525]. Bernard Fensterwald
[6526]7 oe Percy Foreman
[6527]- Robert W. Hill.
[6528]William Bradford Huie
[6530]a James H. Lesar
[6531]Albert Pepper
[6532]Carol Pepper
[6533]James Earl Ray
[6534]Jerry Ray . .
[6535]John Ray - - 7 2. Tees
[6536]J. 8S. Stoner
[6537]Harold Weisberg
[6539]" "45. All letters, cables, reports, memorandums, or any other
[6540]form of communication concerning the proposed guilty Plea of James
[6541]£arl Ray.
[6543]16. Ail records of any information request or inquiry from,
[6544]or any contact by, any member or representative of the news media
[6545]pertaining to the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
[6546]since April 15, 1975..
[6548]17. <All notes, memoranda, correspondence or investigative re-
[6549]ports constituting or pertaining to any re-investigation or attempted
[6550]re-investigation of the assassination of Dr. King undertaken in 1969 _
[6551]or anytime thereafter, and all documents setting forth the reasons
[6552]or guidelines for any such re-investigation.
[6554]28. Any and all records pertaining to the New Rebel Motel
[6555]and the DeSoto Motel. °
[6557]49. <Any records pertaining to James Earl Ray's eyesight.
[6559]20. Any records.made available to any writer or news re-
[6560]porter which have not been made available to Mr. Harold Weisberg.
[6562]21. <Any index or table of contents to the 96 volumes of evi-
[6563]dence on the assassination of Dr. King.
[6565]22. A list of all evidence conveyed to or from the FBI by any
[6566]degal authority, whether state, local, or federal. .
[6568]13-00000 - .
[6570]ean Seen
[6572]en ee . wl ee
[6573]CE
[6575]oP et . .
[6576]ei oe . .
[6577]*. | toes . - . °
[6578]ae 4 .
[6579]os . °
[6580]. = Ss
[6581]x .
[6582]eo LTA pte cn ee ag te MO See Ne eee es
[6583]Be Le 23. m1. reports, notes, correspondence, er memorandums
[6586]. *" pertaining to any effort by the Department of Justice to éxpedite
[6587]the transcript of the evidentiary hearing held in October, 1974, ~
[6588]on James Earl Ray's petition for a writ’ of habeas corpus.
[6590]Agre
[6591]fore
[6593]ooh
[6595]sort
[6597]POA ew
[6599]24. All reports, notes, or memorandums on information con-
[6601]=~! tained in any tape recording delivered or made available to the
[6603]“#BI or the District Attorney General of Shelby County by anyone
[6604]whomsoever. All correspondence engaged in with respect to any in-~-
[6605]vestigation which was made of the information contained in any of
[6607]the foregoing.
[6608]25. All records of any contact, direct or indirect, by the
[6611]- FBI, any other police or law enforcement officials, or their infor-
[6612]ae mants, with the Memphis group of young black radicals known as The
[6613]EE Invaders.
[6614]| A -
[6615]os 26. All records of any surveillance of any kind of The
[6616]a ° Invaders or any member or associate of that organization. This is -
[6617]: Kea meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail covers,
[6618]aan] mail‘interception, interception by telephonic, electronic, mechanical
[6619]. a or other means, as well as conversations with third persons and the
[6620]A use of informants. .
[6622]. 27. <All records of any surveillance of any kind of any of
[6623]the unions involved in or associated with the garbage strike in
[6624]Memphis or any -employees or officials of said unions. This is
[6625]meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail covers,
[6626]mail interception, interception by any telephonic, electronic,
[6628]- BS ae :
[6630]a mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with third
[6631]RS persons and the use of informants.
[6632]“oy 28. <All records containing information which exculpates or
[6633]54 tends to exculpate James Ear] Ray of the crime which, he allegedly
[6635]committed.
[6637]This request for disclosure is made under the Freedom of
[6638]Information Act, 5 U.S.C. §552, as amended by Public Law 93-502, °
[6640]4
[6641]easy
[6643]or
[6646]ft.
[6647]es
[6649]he
[6650]a 68 Stat. 1561.
[6651]2 Sincerely yours,
[6652]“4 -
[6653]sed Jim Lesa
[6654]z
[6655]x
[6657]i
[6658]x
[6660]A frt% %e.
[6661]Hee Stas
[6664]13-00000 °° - a ,
[6666]INTERNAL
[6667]USE ONLY .
[6669]REQUEST NUMBER
[6671]~ 75 -
[6673]DATE SENT
[6675]8 A ug.
[6677]“TO: (Officer desi “re ee
[6678]roe eer on : -OFFICER’S | COMMENTS (Number each comment to show . from -whom |
[6680]INITIALS to whom. Drow a line across column after each comment.)
[6681]RECEIVED [FORWARDED] = aor a ls
[6683]Pls review ‘the attached:
[6684]rejease to the: requeste
[6685]a ‘Thanks...
[6688]13-00000, :
[6690]REFER: » RTE
[6692]GONFIDETITIAL
[6694]> EDSLGPs Extracts froa Konthly Gousterintolligenss Repert, -
[6695]a ; G3I, AAC so t
[6696]cOmne3s Dia 031, AKO eg
[6698]DATS OF INFORMATION: 1 - 30 April 1956 a - 4
[6699]DATS OF REPORT: =». May 1956 . }
[6702]| Katrosts of Amtorest takca froa tha 031 Konthly Counterintelligeass }
[6703]Ropar’ ero eo follesor 4
[6704]a
[6706]SE:07Rs 4
[6707]. Ferece GP? esiccr evrivea in Alerts. G@ monher confined dn Fetercd dd
[6708]goad od So fcz? Esato. Astaivitics of Fossttte Cabversives iv
[6709]' 20 forth. Alacuca Lobcr Dofexccr sterts publica again. a
[6711]rae fy casxsctt A arin diot feca ths di ea Rte <9 revestsa
[6712]AQPLE comived fn ths 3 087 he Coate2>, Waesiegtes ca gk: TE 2933
[6713]end dovertcd fer ksoheztco Enson 19550 A ants acd fa to
[6714]ecocsc roveaic’ @zl Ea fica t to sozesess cr 08 Maca 1653. ths
[6715]in 7 2 et wis QU] ccristed biizg o oe cz tS
[6716]presoh of Pier escort io @ Forty feca 1d to 1S2).
[6718]2. fnother paccersiz Micd fa ths dexcea Costro eoreatc4 a cae
[6720]. Gian eagawted duces faz dosmors2 Gd Ea Wiese, Treresaica
[6721]G8 thi3 cffics fccdeated EI De. ees SS “Ard, t22 2d.
[6722]te rotera ta dtocia fica tts of csicy te pep a EASES Bese
[6723]Sica E-3 le Rand ee
[6725]£2273 fn to Fedora Zoli ta bratavecs eon ebenced th Oo eae EF
[6726]bia fcrcc? ri%Mdo E2623 23 rolesss4 en £4 esral 162: wlan £9 Oc.
[6728]to poz tho stigaketsd ext aca to Reese coy arairg co we <i),
[6729]Q Ccbvee=2e7e) C23 ee tn to teas ered = , 13
[6731]So Io Fea ED pee reperte’ c9 eticcesy foo n .. {Bb ms
[6732]baoo5sc9 gery ENG, fo Go desta Cline ae to City a
[6733]Comrzd ovc> o posing ecaizec3. f9 ca Encicatica c? EEiSte raceme vt:
[6734]bo bi3 reccatly scprocstcd to folkening cocsintsa extfce c—Se1Ccat * i =
[6735]13 Ect ecatporerclcl Scccazs Gorges Dosteicr drssatetict, ae 18 :
[6737]Wovcooea Bap Eieso, Estamos Dacotets besccict*ity Feieico Ly
[6738]Go 7 Volucy Electra Leasckchdca, O24 C9 dre oD G28 Coeds “Ta
[6739]Crna chs to FDIC) cas, o lczal esac jsrcd vegericd tia
[6740]Ck Koacd Gvovts’ a fend rzicicy eotivity wach eco teres) ti
[6741]cc batcasa Feoa8 a
[6743]re mat - OSUMEN’ FERRED TO spi |
[6745]DOCUMENT AS RE
[6748]. exanples moca by tha founacra of thia now: nation, tha Constitation, aaa
[6750]- every other written. Constitation for excellence of its echena, ite
[6751]@izplisity, tha preoiaion of ita lenguage, and. ite judicious. nixture
[6753]"It's ine ‘to think" written oy ERNEST GRIFFIN, Incapetdes
[6754]froa.Vairbenzs, Alacka, for tha House of Representativess *
[6756]' Quoted below are portions of another arti
[6758]ease "Today thore scems to be livtle or ‘no attention paid to’ tha
[6760]Qleratica of Inuopendcace, or tha ‘Wagro people eo citizens of |
[6761]thase United Statoa." a «4 @ (In roferonod tothe Conatitutioan
[6762]the Unitea Statoa) eo @ @ PAl though this Constitution. Peake ‘shove
[6764]“of dofinitenses in principle, it hog beconma a neglected Conotitation.® eee
[6766]CONFIGENTIAL.
[6768]so . : ans
[6771]tho ayatea of co: or ‘ce
[6772]_upoa which Fests tha open shop. structure. of tho Right
[6774]; Alco. eppooring’ in wis 4osus 19 ea erticle. rel
[6775]Catholic. Worker hao ‘protested, ths: pedloeking of. tho. Patty Morkor vy a
[6777]bo erticle appearing under the caption Auto ‘lorkere Tex’ ‘Hossa , Pay a
[6778]Isclinoa* refleote tho “demand for a 30 hour. ucok. at. 40 houre: ae by
[6779]‘the Ua, Ford local 600, end ths AFL-C10. n g
[6780]caption “Exployecat Falling Off; Proauctivity. 19 Increasing", “quotaa:
[6781]JOH CLARK, preoiacat. of tho. International Union of: Hins,: WALD ond, .
[6782]Saslter Workers, oo, stating that bis union “Intends to do ‘eonathing® -
[6783]ebout écolining exploymcat in- the metals Andustry Alco est. forth in
[6784]thio deecs of the Alacken Lebor Defender ie the! *platforn® : f DOIALD .
[6785]- VW, BOLTON, Incspendent Csnaidate for the Senate, ENNEST GAIFFII, KIEE
[6787]; peLLinria, end HIILO KAPOI, Indapendont . Candidatca. for. the Rouse of
[6788]Roprescatatives.. Two. of tha isouco iicted on tha ®piatfora® ero "Stop
[6789]tha governzsnte thought -contro) witoh hunt whicn te pushing dnsrice
[6791]CONTICENTIAL
[6794]CONFICENTIAL
[6798]TO 36: ©« «Chief, SR
[6799]mou t Chief of Station, Anchorage
[6801]aummat REDWOOD/Operational
[6802]spccinc)«=C fs Transaittal of Extracts taken from AAC Counterintelligence
[6803]Report - April 1956 ;
[6805]mmc |
[6807]Submitted herewith for your information and retention are Extracte
[6808]taken from the AAC Monthly Counterintelligence Report covering the period.
[6809]1 = 30 April 1956. The information pubaltted is only that which deale
[6810]with CE Activities in the Alaskan Theatre. ,
[6812]7 | - fox 4 haere
[6814]Attachment:
[6815]Extracts from Keport, in dup.
[6818]Distribati EULL TEXT. COPY, — DO NOT. RELEASE
[6819]Ld ont ;
[6820]S-Heedquarters w/attach as noted.
[6822]Dim CSI, aac
[6823]DATE QF IMPORMATIGN: 1 = 30 April 1956
[6824]ATR OF REPORT, 1h May 1956
[6826]-. Beteeste of interest teken from the O31 ¥ f lisgense
[6827]Report ‘aro es fellows: ,
[6829]weber arrives ia Alecin. GP acubder confined in Poterval
[6830]Aotivities of edsvereites
[6833]13-00000
[6835]CONFIEENTS
[6837]ost CONMENT: The CHARLES PARKER mentioned above is beiieved
[6838]Gare individuas ae CHARIZS LINCOLH PARKER, who
[6839]resigned a comzissicn in the U.8. Naval Reserve because of .
[6840]edaitted pro-Russian syapathios. BOYKO's continual agitation,
[6841]past association with Communists, end apparent association
[6842]with PARKER, certainly pleceo both {ecivicwals in a category
[6843]which io, at least, highly questionab
[6845]4. Wurther inquiry cerning ESTHER ENCSLEWSKT revealed she
[6846]recentuy divorced WILFORD F@AVOY and reportedly returned to tho Homer,
[6847]Alaska aroa.
[6849]OSI COMMENT: .Liaison has been effected with another govern-
[6850]went agency in the Minelchik area in en offort to cotermine
[6851]the prosent whereabouts of SULJECT.
[6853]S. The Alaskan Labor Defenscr, a monthly nows publication, has
[6854]recently reappeared in the Fairbanks area with ito first publication
[6855]Gated May 1956. Previous editions of this newspaper appeared in the
[6856]Pairvanks area in carly 1955, but it was discontinued after publica-
[6857]tion of two editions dua to the refusal of a local printing firm to
[6858]print subsequent copies. Among editoriale appearing in the Alaskan
[6859]Labor Defencer are several articles condensed from the "MILITANT," a
[6860]publication of the Socialist Workers Party, which is cited by the
[6861]u. ae oy ae) by al as subversive. One erticle quoted a speech
[6863]a at «rally held at Carnegie Hail 1a Hew York on
[6864]ar Rareh ~ wnich relates, in referring to the Mentgonery,
[6865]bus protest, # # # "Led by clear thinking, thoy (the oeres} bh have di dis-
[6866]covered that the race problea was at bottoa an economic problen.
[6867]Umrittingly they have discovered Earl Harz." # # # (In referring: to
[6868]EARL MARK, they were probably referring to KARL MARI, co-auther of
[6869]the Commnist Ranifosto)
[6871]Quoted below are portions of another article under the caption
[6872]"It's Time to (hink” written by ERMEST ORIFFIN, Independent Candiaate
[6873]fron Fairbenks, Alaska, for the House of Representatives:
[6875]© © "Today there seems to bo little or no attention paid to the
[6876]e asde by tne foundere of this now nation, the Conotitation,
[6877]the ation of Inuspandence, or the Negro people ae citisens of
[6878]these United States.” « « » « (In reference to the Constitution of
[6879]the United States) # # © “Although this Constitution ranks above
[6880]every other written Constitation for excellence of its scheme, its
[6881]simplicity, the precision of ita language, and ite judicious mixture
[6882]of definiteness in principle, it has become a neglected Constitation.” # # #
[6884]CONFIDENTIAL
[6887]13-00000
[6889]peneymcatts|
[6891]* # "But we can be destroyed when wa lose faith or
[6892]iteelf seems like a story told by a mad man, as it sust seca to the
[6893]members and supporters of the White Citisens Council......
[6894]The Negro people of the South have been eerking tims, naking
[6895]excuses and accepting conditions that exist in 41
[6896]brave man in Alabama turned what seened to be a
[6897]. tunity by having courage enough to challenge the J
[6899]a
[6901]i
[6903]Quoted below is a portion of an editoriai uncer the caption "The Longest
[6904]Picket Line in the World", aiso appearing in the May 1956 publication of .
[6905]the Alaskan Labor Defender:
[6907]# # #® 'Every union local, evory worker in office, factory or work-
[6908]ahop, must make it a personal obligation to take action now! Thies is
[6909]no time for passing the buck! This is the tine to collect it and send
[6910]it to the Montgomery Improvement Association, care of the/ev) M. L.
[6911]X king, Dexter Ave. Baptist Church, Montgomery, Alabapa.'
[6913]The above statement was issued by Ferre. 8, presidential
[6914]candidate of the Socialist Workers Party, and refers to the 50,000
[6915]Negroe in Montgozery, Alabama who are in e struggle against Jia Crow
[6916]on the buses of that city." # 4 4 .
[6917]* # @aActually the struggle goes deeper end wider than that. The
[6918]present wave of race terror and hatred in the South is ceing fanned by
[6919]the White Citisens Council. Wnat is not genarally known is that this
[6920]terror is directed against any white workere who dare to solidarise
[6921]with Bogroes. The murderous White Citisens Council are not only rabidly
[6922]Jim Grow but Anti-semitio and Anti-labor. ‘heir aim is to preserve :
[6923]the syston of color segregation and siscrimination as tha foundation ;
[6924]upon which rests the open snop structure of the "Right to Mork” South®. # # «
[6926]Also appearing in thie issue is en article relating that ths
[6927]Catholic Worker has protested ths padlocking of the Daily Worker as a
[6928]violation of the freedom of the press,
[6930]An article appearing under the caption "Auto Workers Take Hous Pay =
[6931]Declines® reflects the “deaand for a 30 hour week at 40 hours pay” by
[6932]the UAW, Pord Local 600, and the AFL-C10. Another article uncer the
[6933]caption “Employment Falling Off; Productivity is Increasing", quotes
[6934]JOH CLARK, president of the Internationa: Unien of Mine, Mill and
[6935]Smelter Workers, as stating that his union “Intenus to do something®
[6936]about declining employment in the metals industry. Also set forth in
[6937]thie {esos of the Alaskan Labor Defender ie the “platform” of DOUALD
[6939]oe ee we
[6941]G9 FUNLYady
[6945]W. BOLTON, ndent Candidate for the Senate, ERNEST GRIFFIN, MIKE |
[6946]DOLLINTER, and NIILO LAPOMEN, Independent Candidates for the House of Ss
[6947]Representatives. Two of the issues listed on the "platform are “Stop = =!
[6948]the governasnts thought-contro)] witch hunt which is pushing America iS
[6950]m
[6952]CONFICENTIAL
[6954]-j)-
[6957]13-00000
[6959]CONFIEE TIAL
[6961]down the road to dictatorship", and “Eliminate the government's
[6962]Blacklist which has placed 16 million Americans, through 70 govern-
[6963]ment agencies, on Security Suspect Lists. Restore Freedom of Speech
[6964]to all*.
[6966]The Editorial Staff of the Alaskan Labor Defenaer is listed as DOW
[6967]HOLTON, ERNEST GRiFFIN, MIKE COLLINTER, CARTER PAGE and EMIL HYYTUNER.
[6969]Mailing address for this newspaper ie P. 0. Hox 1915, Fairbanke,
[6970]Alaska,
[6972]OSI COMMENT: Aithough there is no evidence that this newe-
[6973]paper 15 associated with the Communist Party or ite front
[6974]organisations, it is interesting to note tnat in many articies,
[6975]the paper has quoted publicationa or officials of organisa-
[6976]tions which have been cited by the U. 5. Attorney General as
[6977]either subversive or Communist infiltrated and controlled.
[6979]_ It de further interesting to note that MIKE COLLINTER, an
[6980]editor of this newspaper, and ROY BATISIB, owner of the Fair-
[6981]banks Recreation Center and Cafe, the only advertiser in
[6982]this edition are both listed as Category I, Alaskan Command
[6983]Surveillance List.
[6985]1
[6987]it
[6988]i.
[6989]|
[6993]CONFIDENTIAL
[6994]AA
[6996]ta
[6998]*For further guidance regarding exemptions, pléase see DDA-75- 5943;
[6999]16 December 1975 (Privacy Act) and HN-70-21, 14 February 1975 (FOIA).
[7001]We chjtchin fo Atle eet Of unmarki¢l ~ aur
[7002]COMMENTS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: Mane onarced X thontd be Witgiclt
[7004]' Chat O10 fecn{o— " Document No. ¢
[7005]IGNATURE OF REVIEWING OFFICER & OFFICE (To be completed by ISs/PICG)
[7007]’ installation a
[7009]_ Name’ ‘of CIA employee
[7010]‘File number - :
[7012]Cryptonym ,
[7013]‘Internal organizational data
[7015]. Name of an FBI agent (1) (6) ma :
[7016]-FBI file number _ (5) (2) (b) en
[7017]-Privacy of other individual (3) (1)-(£)- : f ;
[7020]“Exempted portions -
[7021]are not relevant H
[7022]; to the requester"
[7023]Information from another Government, agency. (b) (1) © (5) (1) (e)
[7024]‘Other, specify: , ; ; a ae
[7026]Does not pertain to- request
[7028]E 2 IMPDET CL BY:
[7030]O UNCLASSIFIED (-] CONFIDENTIAL , [_] SECRET [] top SECRET a |
[7032](20)
[7035]13-00000
[7037]oe = Me 75 004
[7038]sp gga a TS IZ T
[7039]RR er AS APBS
[7040]UNITED. STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 7 . IS G66F
[7041]| .PEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Foe _ Te- SES
[7042], WASHINGTON, D.C. 20835. _ or
[7043]7 . a 7 _ “bps. + ay,
[7044]May 10, 1977 - Tre BY COURIER |
[7045]nee > Freedom of Information Act Coordinator . :
[7047]. Central Intelligence Agency a
[7048]Washington, D.. Ce
[7050]- . L a t \ .
[7052]Attention: ‘Gene F. Wilson
[7053]7 ; _ Room. 2E 42
[7055]roms i Clarence Me Kelley, Director Q a
[7057]| Subject: FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (poza). oe
[7058]REQUEST OF MR. HAROLD WEISBERG CONCERNING |
[7059]» me COMMITEE TO INVESTIGATE B ASSASSINATIONS wa
[7061]; ee “Enclosed herewith are a copy Of ‘correspondence |
[7062]- from’ captioned individual and two copies of each’ document
[7063]i iginated with, your Agency -, _ . .
[7065];, please indicate...
[7066]A and: cite the =
[7068]1a | 1 w ma
[7071]13-00000
[7073]a
[7074]ae Be "JAMES He LesaR — .
[7075]ne ATTORNEY AT LAW pb
[7076]th sna: , f : + + $831 FOURTH STREET, S.W. +L a :
[7077]aoe _ WASHINGTON, D. C. 20024 .
[7078]‘TetcrHone (202) 484.6023. |
[7079]December 23, 1975
[7080]-- FREEDOM. OF | “INFORMATION REQUEST. Boot
[7081]Mr.‘ Haroid Tyler, Sree SOP :
[7082]Deputy Attorney General Me Ee Tyee er ma, a
[7083]_ U.S. Department of Justice ae «Se
[7084]Washington, D.C. 20530, wo Be ed
[7089]‘on behalf of Mr, Harola Weisberg, ‘I am. requesting that you er
[7090]grant him access to the following. records pertaining to the. ‘assassi-
[7091]ae nation of Dr.. Martin buther King, Ire t.
[7092]le “All. receipts
[7093]momorancume OF: other.
[7095].
[7097]for. any letters, Gables, documents, reports,
[7098]communications in any form’ whatsoever.
[7099]ALL receipts
[7101]for. any ‘items. of physical evidence.
[7103]ums on. ‘the’ ‘results of any” ‘tests |
[7106]13-00000: .
[7108]games G. Beasley
[7110]Clay Blair
[7112]ae David Galeutt) fed URN Teno ge ttl Macca peti cp
[7113]- Phil M.. Canale... ; Po re
[7115]John Carlisle
[7117]Robert K. Dwyer = = ce _ oe a
[7119]_Gov. Buford Ellington
[7120]. , Michael Eugene.
[7121]_”. Percy Foreman Ue Rea
[7122]». Gerold Frank ~- 9 0° 7 a
[7124]' Roger Frisby .
[7126]Arthur Hanes, Ince
[7128]oo arthur Hanes; Sr.
[7129]“:’W. Henry Haile .
[7131]William J. Haynes, Jr. |.
[7132]Robert W. Hill, Jr.
[7134]'., William Bradford Huie ~~ 7 Cs ee
[7136]George McMillan
[7138]William N. Morris
[7139] . Jeremiah O'Leary —
[7140]'. David. M.. Pack °
[7142]<e. or: records of other” ‘communications’ per~
[7144]of James: Earl Ray | exchanged between the:
[7147]13-00000
[7149]‘10. ALL. ‘notes. or niemorandums pertaining ‘to. any ‘telephonic .. vs foe
[7150]or verbal communications from or on behalf of the District Attorney
[7152]-, General. of Shelby County, Tennessee,: or the Attorney General‘of 3 > -~-
[7154]Tennessee (ta the Department: of Justice or any division thereof .
[7156]a. All ‘tape ‘recordings. and all logs, transcripts, notes, :
[7158]- reports, memorandums. or any other written record of or remeeting
[7159]any” surveillance, of: “any kind whatsoever of the following. Persons.»
[7161]" Juage. Preston Battle
[7162]_ Wayne Chastain.
[7163]“Bernard Fensterwald
[7164].. Perey Foreman...
[7165]-Gerold Frank .
[7166]-\ Arthur Hanes, Ine
[7167]:- Arthur. Hanes, ‘Sree al ;
[7168]cu, :Renfro HayS 98 ee et
[7169]~ Robert W. Hill; Jr. 00 oe Loe
[7170]/ William Bradford Huie CO
[7171]“-" James H. Lesar: |. re ee
[7172]~~ Robert I, Livingston (00.
[7176]13-00000 .
[7178]:b3.° .ALL. ‘yecords. pertaining to. any alleged. Ox “contemplated. “eta
[7179]‘witness, including any statements, transcripts, reports, or memoran-"
[7180]“ums * from any source whatsoever « - . ee wate ee
[7185]14. -All correspondénce of the , following: persons, regardless 7
[7186]; of origin or however obtained: — oo oe oe
[7188]oe Bernard Fensterwald
[7189]“"  * Percy Foreman. _
[7190](so. Robert W. Hill” ae
[7191]uc _ .. William Bradford Huie_
[7193]” James H.. Lesar
[7195]_ 1 - Albert Pepper
[7196]- Carol Pepper —
[7197]i... James Earl Ray -
[7198]a. Jerry Ray =, a
[7199]a | oe: B. Stoner ae Do oe
[7200]_ : ., Haxold, Weisberg
[7202]I sy ALL letters, ‘cables, reports, memorandums, or any othe a
[7203]form | of communication concerning the Proposed guilty ‘Plex of James
[7206]13-00000: .
[7208]at . a a ny cae
[7210]of 23... All. reports, notes, correspondence, or memorandums :
[7211]: pertaining to any effort by the Department of Justice to éxpedite ~
[7212]_.the transcript of the evidentiary hearing held in October, 1974, °°
[7213], On James “Earl Ray's ‘petition® for" ‘avwrit: of. habeas” CORPUS. ss wl aay =
[7215]_ ae 24. ALL reports, ‘notes, or jemorandums on: information con-
[7216]‘tained in.any tape recording delivered or made available to the.
[7217]- FBI or the District Attorney General of Shelby County by anyone
[7218]_{| | whomsoever. ©-All correspondence engaged in with respect to any in-
[7219]‘vestigation which was made of the information’ contained in any. of -.
[7220]‘the foregoing. | : ey oo, a Do,
[7222]an an a5... All records ‘of any contact, direct or indirect, ‘by ‘the _
[7223]BBI, ‘any. other police or law enforcement officials, or their infor~'-
[7225]_ mants, with. the Memphis group of young black radicals. known as The
[7226]7 Tavaders: :. ; ae Poo ow: a
[7227]oo, 26. All ‘records of any surveillance of any kind ‘of The |
[7228]*, Invaders or ‘any member or associate of: that organization, ‘This.is ..
[7230]“meant... to. include not only Physical Shadowing but also mail covers,
[7233]13-00000
[7235]we .. RON Ak a okey . C . OQ a
[7236]_ oe . sarortes . 7 : °
[7238]. | XT ‘EX Sse ATES GG, ER. NENT — : -- .
[7239]aie “cemorandum
[7240]Acting
[7241]TO e/ Diredtor, FBI ( ) pave: = 11/13/72
[7245]FROM ‘Legal Attache, Bonn (105-7501-1779 » RUC )
[7247]SUBJECT: SEREARD " FENSTERWALD, JR.
[7248]S-EG
[7249]r {oe WFO)
[7251]Enclosed is one copy each of one
[7253]~ inem(s) pertaining to subject received from Bureau Source 300. For details and
[7254]reporting psocedures see Form BON-6 attached to enclosed.
[7256]Request enclosure(s) be translated
[7258]vue, ne 7
[7260]3 — in summary (7j verbatim and enclosure(s) and translation sent to interested
[7261]7 ficid division. fs,
[7262]. ef
[7264]te FROM ; TO “y fe
[7265]ae BEARD FENSTERWALD ’ JR. DR, JULIUSXMADER hg
[7266]x ” . Law Offices Mauerstrasse 69_. \ _
[7267]‘0. * Fensterwald & Ohlhausen . “1066 Berlin W.66.
[7268]NO! 605 16th Street, NW.
[7269]iN : Washington, D. Cc. 20006
[7270]S.. REMARKS:
[7271]nS “* The enclosed is a form letter directed by JULIUS MADER
[7272]Ny 2 (Bufile 100-169674), Mauerstrasse 69, East Berlin, to subject
[7273]_ * soliciting the latter to buy MADER'’s book, “Yellow List: Where
[7274]we. 7 is the CIA?" and furnishing an order blank for this purpose,
[7276]we) ‘ Subject encloses the order blank, indicating he wants
[7277]% ‘“ 4 one ccpy in English of the above book, and his personal check
[7278]w 3 ain the amount of $2 which shows the designation®’Committee to
[7279]~ —~ Investigate Assassination,"
[7280]a FF a reo |
[7281]- at. SURE vexcat 5} NOT — co “+f
[7282]ENCLO {45 nec 15 1972 ‘ -
[7283]ae oe tureau. (ine. 1) : . —_— on
[7284]1- KXX Foreign Liaison ‘Desk . ao _
[7285]2 - Bonn a NOS ana ’
[7286]12 ~ 195-7501-1779 ON . }
[7287]Sgbtu; Swe 5-4658 rf a
[7288]\ VLG? 53 Se Vy : ‘a
[7289]; (5) . 7 J 44
[7290]peuricecess esse sis a [-
[7291]ay oe f « a ee re ° . {.
[7292]v | [.
[7293]tas I
[7295]13-00000_ - a, ey H
[7296].. a . o . mo. ot . . ; . . : 7
[7297]“4 wf : 7 « ao. . . i
[7299]« o a +. . |
[7300]BOX 195-7501-1779 _ | -
[7301]A check of Bonn's indices reflected a reference to the ve ate
[7302]“Committee to Investigate Assassinations, Inc,," 927 15th St., ie
[7303]‘N.W., Washington, D.C., which came to attention in connection -. l
[7304]. with Bonz:'s destroyed file regarding "Committee for ‘The . ov OEE
[7305]Investigation of the Three Assassinations’: Information =~... aif:
[7306]Coneerning -- Miscellaneous (FPC)" (Bufile 1685-26234), -Bonn: | | an | S,
[7307]indices are negative concerning subject. ~ re Tbe
[7309]ath.
[7310]ye
[7311]ne
[7312]Ot .
[7313]. Le
[7314]= oo
[7315]“
[7320]13-00000 . a .
[7321]* bey Ake Pe alle _) as . ‘ , mo . ° .
[7323]- CONFIDENTIAL
[7325]Attached is ane copy of a communication being sent to an East German
[7326]address. is item was obtained from Bureau Source 300, which is tobe
[7327]deser.bed in communications prepared for dissemination as “another govern-—-
[7329]“went agettcy which conducts intelligence investigations.” The item is classified
[7330]CONFIDENTIAL by the originating agency and bears the special marking |
[7331]“i arhing Notice - Sensitive Sources and Methods Involved.” :
[7333]Permission has been received from the source to disseminate this”
[7335]“infors: ation to United States and foreign agencies provided the information is —
[7336]appropriately classified and paraphrased in a manner which will fully protect
[7338]the nature of the source. Verbatim quotation fromthe attached material and use
[7339]ar compleie, exact, foreign addresses set out. in attached material tend to
[7341]| indicate the nature of the source and are to be avoided when preparing com-
[7343]‘munications for dissemination. Permission has been reccived from the source |
[7344]to withhold the special marking “Warning Notice - Sensitive Sources and Methods
[7345]Involved* irom Bureau communications containing properly paraphrased versions
[7347]of Bureau Source 300 information.
[7349]CONFIDENTIAL
[7351]CATION —~
[7353]Ubon. (cist oy  “indéfinite
[7354]eae, ceed eh tet aan tn as coe AE ceeete ew ceterer cr ater S
[7355]EGCLOSURE a
[7357]6A - “ME fr 7
[7360]13-00000
[7362]va! > ares beta e RAL Identificaticn includes me ¥
[7363]WARRING NOTICE-SENSITIVE. al data in this block a IS; a 43
[7365]wSOQURCES AND METHODS | IN’ _«S¥ED Lo . . _ HOR ee eae
[7369]cae ODES ee oe pend SEP
[7371]° : i: Sores
[7373]C - a  -#0.1043-K Le
[7374]. a VAN len a
[7377]7
[7379]o . ii
[7381]na . ad
[7382]j a
[7383]i Fe
[7384]i i a
[7385]os . . \ .
[7386]“; . be
[7388]! | i
[7389]Y : L
[7393]t _
[7394], te
[7395]Cian)
[7396]Bat
[7397]oo,
[7398]a F
[7399]$ . a & :
[7400]- ie a) :
[7403]| AeA i
[7404]: —g 8S | i
[7406]. .
[7408]. 1 : ;
[7409]. 7 ‘ -
[7410]| z °
[7412]. Bo
[7413]E32
[7414]4 ~ # aa .
[7415], Ry Ops so
[7416]= w AS t
[7418]13-00000
[7420]' . ,
[7422]AMERICAN POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS:
[7424]- A BIBLIOGRAPHY. -
[7427].
[7429]_” OF WORKS PUBLISHED
[7431]woe
[7433]teecetseet cae ne) oe eed ceemgeee tne tect ce pene yeenanie nes oats etem:
[7435]THE COMMITTZE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS ©. :
[7438]i
[7440].
[7441]t
[7443]WASHINGTON, D.C.
[7445]COMMITTZE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS
[7446]1973
[7449]ee A
[7451]a
[7453]09 of Bourgeois Denocracyt The Right to Dany Rights.” Current Digest of the Spv=
[7454]fet _Preae, 1 January 1964, pe 25, ° ;
[7455]Tragedy,” Tablet, 30 Kovenber 1963, pp. 1182-1182, :
[7456]Assasainatiog,” Neveveck, 15 August 1966, pp. 30-33,
[7458]ved; second installment of the desth of a President." Zine, 2? January 1967,
[7461]ond J, Tesney. “Sows Functions of Religious Ritual in Catastrophes Kennedy Assas~'
[7463]sination.” Soctotogtcal Analysis, 25(1964), 2120230,
[7465]caina, “that Dey fn Washington.” Philippines Herald Magstina, 23 January 1964,
[7467]PPe rs .
[7469]“Wha Might Pell on the U.5." Philippines Herald gina, 7 Decenber 1963, pe 12.
[7470]“Johnson Takes Over,” Saturday Rvening Past February 1964, pp. 17-23, .
[7471]Long Vigil." IV Guide, 25 January 1964, pp. 19-22,
[7473]d's yallow flowers.” Nevnveek, 2 Deceabar 196), pp. 36-37.
[7474]it vas November 22 again. eveveck, 30 Noveaber 1964, pp, 25-28,
[7475]ty of an Assaspination.” Reconstructioniat, 27 Noveaber 1964, p. 6. :
[7476]Brothat, “Desth has Pounced: Excerpt from Tongs of Jeopardy." Denlaicsna,
[7477]Septenber 1965, pp. 9-12,.
[7478]e@and after," Chieistien Ceatury, 80(1963), 1487. . .
[7480]&, le “Reflections eur ue Tragedie.” Istiona, Senuary 1964, p. 27.
[7481]aitephen A. "The Kennedy Assassination,” Feychomnalytic Review, 53, 00. 3(1966),
[7483]80,
[7487]» The Death of a President, Pessatc, W.J.t Minority of One, 1964,
[7488]ition Gives Impetus to id’a Gam BALL.” sdvertiain a, 2 December 1963, pp. 1-2.
[7490]lon of a Preaident, reprinted from Hew York Tires vi tro, by Anthony Levis.
[7491]‘New York a TS a " :
[7493]ia{nation of President John F, Kennedy." Current Digest o et Press
[7494]Decesber 1963, pp. 3-15. ‘
[7496]ination of President Kennedy," Rant Eu Jenvary 1964, pp. 25-26,
[7498]‘ination of Preatdent Kennedy, ars Teak 1963, ("Memorial Edition")
[7499]wminatfont Scena of the Crime,” Nevsweek, 4 Dececber 1967, pp. 313-32.
[7500]ainetions the Reporter's Story; What vae Seen and Read: Television, Rewspapers,
[7502]Hazesiners Jovrnalion'a Roles Unresolved Issues.” Colushis Journaliaa Review,
[7504]Wiater 1964, : . :
[7505]tttoas the trial to a werdict; with report by G.R. Ford.” Life, 2 October 1964,
[7506]pp. 40-508, .
[7508]vay." Tine, 27 Decesber 1963, p. 18,
[7510]terval,” Newaveek, 6 January 1964, pps 1920.
[7512]Ida. “President Johosons Mordkorafssion,” Ixit Denmark, 23, no. 2(1964-65),
[7515]the accrecy ta the assassination proba." 4S, Reve md World Report, 24 Peb-
[7517]ruary 1964, pp. 524, :
[7518]Padlest se of J. Thompaca and-J. Coonally." Time, 24 Noveabder 1967,
[7519]PP. TID0
[7521]ad to the Kennedy Fila.” Pile Cowment Hageeine, Pali/Winter 1967, pp. 39-44, -
[7522]» BR. “Asgasein,” Saturday Evening Pont, & December 1963, pp. 22-27.
[7524]en C, “The Assaneination of Presié-nt Kennedys A Seu ff the P: Cave:
[7525]Aan Arbor: veroity of Michigan Dept. of Journalisa,
[7527]P
[7528]Prane, “Dva Atentata.” Vjeanik, 24 Rovecber 1963,
[7529]» Autumn 1964, pp. 90-93,
[7531]o lian. “The Kenncdy Arsassination.” Vie .
[7532]orris A. Gime of the regressive right; the only reconatruction of th Kennedy
[7533]Assoneination that makes eease. Waphingtont Columbia Pub. Oe, LFO4.
[7535]Stephen By "Cerf Says Aseascination Book to Widen RennedyoLBJ Rife," Jale Natly
[7536]News, 15 Decesber 1956, pp. 1-3. ,
[7538]Anna, ‘Elnnkgyitkonshata) elndkvainsetantg, Budepeatt Kossuth Konyvkiado, 1964,
[7539]vid. “Truth was wy only goal.” Texan Oheerver, 13 August 1971, pp. 13-15,
[7540]Howell Casera Used for Assassination Filx. Now in National Archives," Image
[7541]Masarina, January 1967. .
[7543]> Ve SMore Light co the Kennedy Assansinntion (book review of Dis worthele thet
[7544]‘den Kennedy-Hord: wie wd vanm der Warpen-report luge, by Joachia Joasten).
[7546]New Times, 26 October 1966, pp. 20-32.
[7547]~ Tees Ue Jour ob Kennedy fut ansonning, Pariat ditions du Cerfaut, 1963.
[7551]Brand, Sergia, ‘81 Totuat Cicet" Cront 1? Decesber 1966, pe 12, :
[7553]. Bravo Vraneiaco, a a 8 Ouenca,
[7554]'° . e
[7556]Cole, Alwyn, “Assassin Porger.” Jourmal Forensic Sefences, July 1966 27202!
[7557]. “Compention of Curious Colacidences: Par ele in ves md beathe of we Lincola oad
[7559]| Mecha, Act "Retcen to Dallas, 25 Decanter 1967
[7561]"ova: ro 7 © 1968, pp.
[7563]“suai Brith, th Amniversary Service dedicated ‘im
[7564]ary to J¥iy Mitek
[7565]: Directors place Wreath ef Teab of Preatdent,”
[7566]1964, pp. 2be26, ‘ et Estienal Jewteh Monthly, January
[7568]Boaner, Judy Whiteaa, Inventinett .
[7569]eon, Gs House, * EaEense: sadare
[7571]Booker, rose “low JTK Surpsssed Abraben Mincola," Ebony, Pebryart 1964, pp. 23-28, ¥,
[7573]. R-M, a
[7574]Booustre, Jan, Zes_asconen in Dalles: 22 Hovesber 1963. fe Me
[7575]2917-1963, Preeident van de Vereni tates v Ti . dmeterdant . wa,
[7576]- _ itotheak en-docunentatia achoal, e . 7
[7578]Bovaer, Bellow. “the Partls of Rasty Hiotory,” Saturday Revetw, 32 Decenber 1966,
[7580]Breig, J. “Assassination of a People,” Maris, 14 Decenbe
[7581]“———~« | “Preoident Kennedy's Deatht Why ria, 11 Jenualy aH6k, hae
[7582]cnommwe, “Death in Bnergency No. Ona: Parkland Hemoriel Hospital.” Saty
[7583]Brienberg a ease in mt ,'
[7585]° ¢ a of Dallas.” Spectator, 212(1964), 205-306,
[7586]Bringuter, Carlos, Red Frid cht Qa H i" *
[7587]Brodie, Tereal, tribute to tha lata Presddent the three tere
[7591]Arch Srisgoputa Londons: . London: Office of the Chief Rabbi, 1964,
[7593]Buchenen, Thomas fs savo Forocile o v Dallesu." Delgo, 27-29 Pabruaty 1964,
[7596]Budinac, Budiatr, “Zlocin u Tekeesu." faewnth 22(196 612
[7597]Besialli, Paolo, et al, Chi ha vecteo fi terseds . hoot? Srenea aditere, 1968,
[7598]‘Business Pledges ite Support." Business Vee 30 Hoveaber 1963, p. 34.
[7599]Bucler, Ed. "The Great Assaseio Pussiec Te 9 We: Lage 1, ne. 2(1968)
[7601]PPo 21-28; 2, no, 1(1969), pp. Pf | Pa; Oeeeaee JieGl; ..
[7603]weal, 13 December 1963, pp. 338-339.
[7604]Lessons in Bravery.” NcCalis, September 1968, pp. 12,
[7606]Cameroa, J. “Humane and Sane,"
[7607]Caplan, Gerald and Viwlen Cadden,
[7608]e 'e
[7609]Camey, Frederick $. “Crisis of Conectence fo Dallas: Soul-eesrching ws. ‘New Paith in
[7610]Dallas," ‘Thought on the day of the funaral " "gartetiantey and
[7611]Erinte, 23 Decenber 1563, pp. 295-261, to” Fo Drtvere” Ghrtattont
[7613]Cars, Waggoner, Tenxea Supplesental et_on the Assessination of Preatdent Kennedy and thi
[7614]Serious Wounding of Crsermise Joka Ee coneat ine Besa Tet
[7615]Castro, Fidel, arecenria del Conendante Fidel Ceatra, ente ei pueblo da a sobre low
[7616]Sucenoa relacionados conel_aseainato del Presidente Kenned .
[7617]catia! pragntacton Ravolscicnsrie, Direction Necioual del PURSC, 1963, :
[7618]:_ Noveaber motion picture). Group VI P:
[7619]eee conteapareee TILT tsebe si Metere)-- Crow VI Prolucttoua (released by Pathe
[7621]"A Chronology of Tragedy." Tine and f: 28 Novesber 1963 7-9
[7622]Clardi, Joho, “November 22, 1963." Saturday Review, 7 December 1963, PP. 16+,
[7623]citron a Slecres Baportse a nad kore Reviey, 28 Decenbar 1963, p. 25. :
[7624]2 Se 0 ¢ for Zenne ” ‘
[7625]Magerine, 2 Mevesber 1968, p. 3, 7 Memorabilia tadcstey, Taclesmy
[7627]J.P. Kennedy." Tine, 21 August 1564, 9. 19.
[7628]fs tome Sens A wolc, Noliywoot: Assoctated Professional
[7629]. . °
[7630]Condoa, &, “Henchurten Candidate in Dallas,” Nation, 28 Dacesber 1963, 449-45:
[7631]Connally, John B. "Why Kennedy Ment to Dalias.” Life, 24 Novebar 1967," op, teanteke
[7632]Connally, Mrs, Joha B. “Since That Dey in Dalles, dugust 1964, pp. 78-794,
[7633]Cook, Pred J. 1 onion laveatigatios. The Ivregulare Take the Field," Nation,
[7634]ate uly o PP. e a
[7636]Cooka, ‘Al " Huteosz, 5 Deces
[7638]A teh a the President's Assassination," ietens 3 Deceaber 1963,
[7639]———=, eth of the Young Warrior,” Listener, 28 Novanber 1963, pp, 663-864
[7640]trmeeer, “Han at Large: tha Evidence on the Apeassinats f P 4 * rennedy, . Mens
[7641]cottrenn, PeeetLeatsion, 22 Sapteaber 1966, 6. 8, on of President .
[7645]John. The World Stood §t411, London: Mew Eagitsh Libr q
[7646]ary, 1964
[7647]Cousins, Morvan. Saturday Review, 7 Decesber 1963, Pps .
[7649]13-00000
[7651]e
[7652]2, 46, 67, 72,
[7654]ane. sian Menatpinatton Bile. ‘Dallaat American Peater and Printiog Co., 2969.
[7655]'» Rene V,, ed, In_nesorian John F, Kenne ee grosae my
[7656]Stactsnnnas, 1 Romerhof-Varlag, 19 : ,
[7658]Lace canal Neveaverk 78 ‘rey 1966, Pe 3-3. wo , :
[7659]aJoiader,” atl Pe 519. So wy
[7660]avisited." Fire, 22 Pebratry 4 1569, Ppe 19, . , LS
[7661]Datekttvateterie, " Eldre, 10 April 1964, ». $19, on
[7663]4 Tragedia," ar 52 fee epandacagt areste, 14 October 1964, PP. aes, are
[7665]. "Waea Cesteo Heard the News. lew Rey C, 7 Decesber 1963, pp. 209,
[7666]" WAsnensing the Blam in the President's Deaths Racarpte from Addresese," .
[7667]3,5, Neve end Vorld Report, 14 beteeard 1943, p. 7%. .
[7668]it, WJ, Review of Deed by G, Pri Commentary, July 1963, pp. 50-9:
[7669]Review of Derd by G, Prank, Discussion, January 1964, PP. by ° °
[7670]died; excerpts frow The Dev Keane edgy Vas Shot by dia Bishop." *ladien Hore Journal,
[7672]Novenber 1964, pp. L5i-i37,
[7673]wedy Died,” Neweweck, 2 Daceaber 1963, pp, 20-26, 9° |
[7675]Dalles,” Saadar'a Di eet, Jenwary 3964, pp, S44,”
[7676]' a modern,” Spacta Spactator, 79 November 1963, p. 681,
[7678]9 "RL ond 3M: Tine of fates? "Philsepines Nereld Hegening, 14. Hach 1964, ee S
[7680]' the Prasidects” Gare omsenveal, 6 Decesber 1963, p. 299302, re mato
[7682]hoof a President,” | Monen ‘a Vonen "a Wear Natty, 28 March 1967, . j
[7684]| @ Presidents The Established Facta.” Atlantic, March 2965, we 112-128, . ,
[7686]h of a Preefdent: Told ia Direct Testimony, Excerpts,” SiS_ News end Vor)d :
[7687]Report, 7 Decewber 1964, pp. 68-70,
[7689]| President Kennedy: Statenents by Sir Robert Menaies and Sir Cerfield Barvick on
[7690]23ed Nevezbar.” Current Notes on Ynrernaticaal A€faira, flovesbar :1963, pp. 36°39,
[7692]hoof the President.” Tiimstraced London Neva, November 1963, pp. 889-899,
[7694]m ‘Was Killed Joha Keanedy?" Coments Critics and dsfandece of ‘the Warren Report,"
[7695]Senior Scholanstge 16 Kovesber 1966, pp. 21-224,
[7697]8. Rept iny in unten on _the scew: otory int, Bisse Dallees the author, 1964,
[7698]Reo’ “ing in Dal Jalina. Dallas: Bence Corpora ve
[7699]‘tin, “assassination ind the Aftarnath.” Ineriean Opinion, March 1964, ppc 1-10,
[7700]April 1964, pp. 33-40,
[7701]© Jook gt Dallas.” U.S. News and Norld Fepert, 3 February 1964, Ladd A246,
[7702]“Wry was JFK Shot?" Atiaa, Ney 367, PPe 1013,
[7703]l “Ccowmectary of en eyevitness.” Fay Republic, 21 Decesber 1963, De 18,
[7704]Morven, Lee quatre journ du Dalles, Paria: Editions Prmco-Eapira, 1966,
[7705]“Sad pest tases tyre fu Dates Te Singent, 14(1964), 26-27.
[7706]Martin S. “The Keanedy Film Diacussed at the Vatrenton Bexinar.” ‘Film Convent,
[7707]Yall/Wiater 1967, pp, 33-34,
[7708]tat A Shack, Thea Recovery.” Suninenn Week, 30 Noverber 1963, pp. 92+93,.
[7709]1 Shop Talk." Antioch Review, Winter 1963-64, pp. 403-404,
[7710]“Winter, 1963; A Tine for Quiet Voices.” America, 21 Deceaber 2963, ppe 787, .
[7711]4 Beginning.” Newsveck, 9 December 1963, pp, 19-20.
[7712]80, “washington 25 Noveaber 1963," Rawu, 11 March 1967, pp. 16-20.
[7713]‘nat Memorial Soom.” Nevavesk, 30 December 1963, pp. 49-50,
[7714]edverd J, “Der Tod Kea bei Bild 313: eine neve Untersuchung des Kennedy-Hordes.”
[7715]Dar Spiegel, 20, no, 29(1966), 63-67,
[7716]Final Chapter in the Assansination Controversy,” Kev York Tins Regasion, 20 .
[7717]April 1969, pp. X31, ; foo
[7718]that window,” Newsweek, 22 June.1964, pe 32. , . I
[7719]tvo hours without a presidents excerpts frow teatincnies.” 0,8, Rewe snd Vorid :
[7723]a
[7725]Report, 14 Nowexber 1966, pp. 66-78, . °
[7727]Narolds Pifty-"me Witnesses: The Gravsy Bool, Sas Prencisco! Idlewild Pubs, ;
[7729]evidence econnectad vith the investi
[7730]Fy, Faredy, vols. reels microfilm, (Washington) Microcard Editions,
[7732]lliem My, ad, That Day with God. New York: HeGrawHill, 1965,
[7733]Poser: Sawe Goain, Sterner Styles” Buatnera Week, 30 Movember 1963, pp. 31-32,
[7735]4." Televinton, January 1966, pp. 27=33,
[7737]tr The Niatocies tL The Historical Record of the Death of Preatdent Kennedy, New Yorks American
[7739]196
[7741]etigetce ected with the 41 tizatt f the aneaasinat ident Joh o
[7743]ts Kernedy. «NoP 1963-64, .
[7744]ion of the resnnsination of Preatdent John ‘
[7746]sine inne tents Sean's dassotasion* Ratios)
[7748]Pom, Speen, Sunvered Que
[7750]ol Pemerad et Se ey aes ay Ulwtceted lentes Bove, 90 Roveches 2983, op. O89
[7752]a Catan, Hobart hbtone, "Netes. ine dsonscination of the Presidents destodivcio Pode
[7754]; e Pall 1966 Peale
[7755], Gens, Hod, “Why ‘ July 1948,
[7756]Garde, Witee, te. mot
[7757]- r80n, Serbara, e otk: Greve Pres 7, ,
[7758]“+ Galiner, Jy "Who Joba Ramady!™ sae Jaly 1964, pe. 22-14,
[7759]' Gorehensoa, Alvin, d Bip Bi gas, npg bos Coupany of dmerice (8.4)
[7760]Perot el Peaalope, trent Cinens, a7 nang 1967, vp. 93.
[7761]; . ‘acte of Morality." Comsonwe © 1963, pp. 13%138,
[7763]4 ace ed,
[7765]Coodhart, the streerias of che Aesmety Asondetoation end the English Presa,” in
[7766]Gordon, Bruce. One and One " 1 Mullesten, « -
[7767]Gorden, Wiitisn Se dthe Accastastion gf Preeident Kennedy.”  Cooteworary Review, .
[7768]Gotta, Prites "hath "Tobe F Kamas Tod," 1964, m8, MAIS ~~
[7769]“gears Sinn lap 1 reer tly pp atin =
[7770], Greenberg, Bredley 8, "Diffusion of News of the Aonass: five. Peete Oblates
[7772]Srerteriz. 28(1964), 225-232,
[7773]Gronvmnary Melville Ball, "The leet Pali Measure.” ational Coorareshic, March 3966,
[7775]333,
[7778]Gua, Werin E. erat Pera. _
[7779]Genser oe be Londoas tons Tatas uate Led,, 1964, .
[7780]a, Hans. "Die th der e Cofwndendar Mord Ungeblire,” Meltwochs, =.
[7781]onmemae,
[7783]32(1964), 1614,
[7784]Hew York: Covard-HeCasa,
[7786]eee Miccavaay, BTN aL deta, Lasendy, fan sateute, Tenass The Baylor -
[7787]Barris, T.0. "Memo About Dalles “
[7788]Hert, i, “the Death of President, tensaay'* 11 Anat Mecaee aoe ain oS
[7790]cooonmn, “A Year of Progress with a Sorrovf 5 Lush 4
[7791]"Batreé tnovs no logic, Savutiey Evening Post, . ag amaaey 164, ” un,
[7792]"Have Wa Learned Our Lasecas fan Century, 80(1963), 1s7eisées
[7793]He Sx pale ie Pieri eds fena,i wile f 10n,196S, ,
[7794]syi, Karoly. ant itelethivdetes Uean." Bibte, Tie
[7795]Henderson, Bruce. 1:33, New York: Covies, 196 968, AY MAESR 15645 pode
[7797]Berchar, WoW. “Thousand vali wishers and ES, evs_pnd World Report,
[7798]Dacauber 1968, pp. 34-35, =e aeccauine® ,
[7800]Hessel D, “To heal the de,"
[7801]“De tiatergrinde dea Kannedy~ horde Beet pace Bathe 19s
[7802]PPe 2
[7804]mniatery'e Pau Meweveek, 16 Decenber 1963,
[7805]ee, W,. Que t f worse chen thier Sermon deli red at
[7807]Dalles, Heveubar ate 1963." Coriettan Cent: iz nt foreabaren Mathodunt herchy.
[7809]lot
[7811]4 ister s Staten Comittee for the Gaited Nations, 19
[7812]Borowite, tevin u "Kemmady' @ Death, Rptta, and Realitias,” Treme-Action, duly 1968,
[7814]Houte, Ma a ai ba J ched,
[7815]’ reat m Treatdent Kannady"s Autopey was Bot “ Yadical Reononica, 4 March
[7817]— Tope ese Palene_Atrentarea tn courtroom Wodtasan, ww Terky Coverdtann
[7819]" “How JK Pied.” - Soe 30 Dacesber 1963, P55.
[7821]Rovatd, Anthony, Logistics of the Weral," teveber 1348,
[7822]Howe, Tevieg. “Oa the death of Joha ¥. Kenne ik ac fare ia.
[7824]Dewocratic Radicalisn, New Yorks fare Sra
[7825]Hughes, wast Joha, "An Echo in the Sileace." Neveweek, 2 tee 1963, rit, ae .
[7827]“Hvew Myrdede fiven og Rvorfor?"” Lt Dannark, 22 3-64
[7828]“Hyenoia Port Revisited." took fps Bennett, Noveaber 1964: The sre tania esse), pre 90-48,
[7829]er -
[7831]“Rypothatical Caser’ Latters.”  Hattonal Revedw, 27 Da TAOMIAG. TA tonne
[7836]. i)
[7838]+ . } . :
[7839]: pest-Reanedy eceastination threats of wageicide,” Hewypeck, 23 Decesber 1963, {| on Topkiod, dadrev, the ; “ Lo
[7841]: : . fe Rennedy Hystery Reopened,” .
[7842]"s ae . ny | «+ ~~. Rotoloveky, Lajos, "Tmatiqua fe Vallzsceséa.” Pest 1966, 9. 16%,
[7843]} at f Reieci, tvoutades ata paces = ; Den my vnsline ), 00-87, or _ a
[7844]cate : < or ; : | Kroeger ete one > Hegrebi tsdevalke Kuta “Sevarscet", -
[7845]t Survived.” Christian Cen 80 (1963), 159991601, . ; a ‘ irepp, GR. ‘our Days." Felsvisten, Jenuary 1964, pp, 270, ;
[7846]kat _of Datiog fea Fane heen Magazine, 1966, : Sp, ch, Redoree? ste tresident died; ite weaning and impact,”” fet Merch
[7847]\ Dalles: The Gight to Bear Ara.” Tablet, 3 October 1964, pps 1101~1102,, I- . Rurwoth, vnetactbie nee im den Tod Joba P, femedys Presuanne fe tumasertarees ane
[7848]mal Outlook,* Business Week, 30 Noveuber 1963, pp. 83-64, - . 4 “Labor: taien Rally to ‘Shensatt 960), . a,
[7849]inchives, Araya and photographs of body of SYK.” Tisg, 11 Wovesber 1966. ps 33- to Lane, Mark. tticen's p <, cunsness Meck, 30 Novenber 1969, Pp. 46, 48, : /
[7850]‘on, Kuda vedut eledy, Moecow, 1966, oo ; 1968 eentt Lene Replies, Wev York: Rolt, Rinehart, and Winets
[7851]da, “the Dallas taveatigation.” New Tires, 11 Decesber 1963, pps 10-12. i wee, Kenn : ies Le
[7852]‘Echo of Dalise.” New Times, 21 December 1/66, pp. 2931. —, ae mS _tfares, Rio de Janaitor 24, Sage, 1967, a .
[7853]itl- Heinz, "Var Ernordete Kennedy? Fakten wad Phantoms: Suche Rach dem Eveiten emmy Rush to Juderen Doorvay. File foment, YallMinter 1967,
[7854]ittsatater.” Die tete, 21, ne, 48 (1966), 7. *- ee, Kush's Bee Mew York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966, -
[7855]leans “Why Wetoam is Kenoedy's Var.” National Reviay, 23 Aeril 1968, ppe 396- J ——ame, it ¢  Greemich, Conn.) Fawcett, 1967,
[7857]1p? ; . o Killed Kennedy? CBS ig Wrong.” True Ht in conb ;
[7859]tha'D. Netther che ronaticn nor the Patathanrced, The Toor Leadiog fo the P a! Laas 479 JPK death 10 till unecived murder,” “Parishes eens 22 Angeot 1966 py. 38
[7861]lent ‘a festh and the Two Speeches Ne Could Wot Give, Austin, Texesi Pembartoa : , "peceaben Tong mntaeinations Stody Orqanieed by Sockel detentions, = Sciences,”
[7864]PP. 1446-1447,
[7866]>reme, Ph: The ™
[7867]cee ee ae else, 1 february 3863, 0. $10, meee C Pinata wen chute) Navel Photo Center 121-69, Metional Archives and
[7868]red?” Sew. mek, 3 October 1966, pp. . Lateieer, Dr, Joha RP, . :
[7869]loee.* k, 17 December 1963, ep. Sa, Lauzon, A. * ee tecore in the Death of President Kenne Pid ry
[7870]: anew Teoeitigetion but...” aS, hewn a4 World Report, 13 March 1967, p. 16. ‘ means A eter cose’ we Villar Dalles," La Magazine Ractente” harehigsa 3946s
[7871]gt New Findings." 0,5, Neve and World te 7 January 1969, p. 4. Lavrence, 0, "Incredible Tragedy * us . e
[7872]death and the dovbt.™ Newsveck, 5, December 1966, pp. 25-26, Levrenee, Lincoln (peeud) Ware ve snd Yorla 2 Decesher 1963, p, 104,
[7873]Murdar aad the Myth, . Tie, 12 June 1964, pp. bét, . 198, SareWe Contrpiied. New Hyde Park, New York: University Booka,
[7874]flere’. Sowers of Doubt. pewewecks § April 1964, pp. 22-24, 1963 203 . Lefever, Ernest VW. Uncertain Mend te. Bali
[7875]teks do Anasicen Tragedy." Philippines Pree Prena, 7 December p PPe 2-3, pt lerer, ‘Max, “tha World Tepace ° trategaet oe Hopkins Press, 1967, 1968,
[7876]machi, : Lnelies Mareen, erie tepact,” New Stateonag, 18 NaveDer i969, ee dean oes
[7877]tt. & wole f, 1968, " ; mea iies Warrcas - Dallas City Liste, LN.p) Croasnm tn.d3-°
[7878]low Kenedy Wan Killed, "The Pull Appelling Story. Landon: Pater Devosy, 1968, pene te the titer" fatlout nate 32 Decesber 1963, ,
[7879]we see eiieth 21 ke Warhreit',” Frankforte Hefte, Zeitechrift fir H Levin, Be sal a reer “ Tolle te agement _isuter Scholas 10 January 1964, p. 18,
[7880]ultur ond Politik, 3 . . ° 0 Listener 3 Decesber 1963 . ee
[7881]Meer, 22 Ravechet 1963, Senlet og ¢ panendt af DenmarkoAmrika Fondete stipendiage Maury Ae ae @ied; what people reseaber soy.” Good Housekeep tag, ‘Nevesher 1963,"
[7882]se¥tton. Copenhagen: Nyt Nordisk Porleg, 1965. n 87, le ; a ; 6
[7886]gerald Remedy,” Lock (17 Noveaber 19641 The JPK Nenorial Teave), pp. 336.
[7888]aneo. Commission te Probe Assassination,” (Congressional Quocterly Weekly Report,
[7889]6 Décesdber 1963, pp. 2122-2123, . .
[7890]5. “Wyaterious Deaths in the Long Aftermath of Dallas.” ‘The Tines, 25 Pab= A Uouely Sumer Tar tecyertion: Lexington, Mase.: ttck Corporation, 1967,
[7892]rusty 1967, p. 11 ok (17 Rovember 1964: The JPK rial 1
[7893]“November is Dalles." Library Journal, 1 Jenuary 1964, ps 72s i love, eats selevieton and the Kennedy Assassination," New Society, 15 Gcteber iiss; “s
[7895]wtver Ricatdo, fox viernes tragicos: Ageninato del doctor Jorge Bligcer Cattan Lit
[7896]9 de sbril de 1908 anesinato de presidente John PF. Kennedy, 22 noviewhre, de 1963, 4x ale Crete eg teas 2 richt, {Basel} Desch
[7899]e Budapest: Kossuth Koayohtale ides,
[7901]Bogata: Eidtcrial Norigontes, 1968, . ™,
[7902]a You, Dtary of 3 Nightnare Londen, 1965. : Manchester, Well tent'ny tive, 2 PP» 32A-34, '
[7903]J. “A Visit to the Grave, Eatholte Pigiet, July 1964, BPs ei. im . fork: Harpers he reatdent, Novesber 20 = ¥ tev
[7904]utrey, “Locking Sack on the Anniversaty.” Spectator, 2 PP. e . . . .
[7905]Rage Creatar chan Crtef." Atientic, Mey 196i epee T-100, Te Reg, Death OF © Prentdent.* Jock, 24 Jenusry, 7 February, 21 February, ? March
[7906]live ia horpttal.” Setence Newer istter, 19 Octoder 1964, p. 229. an, Reed Yen , . .
[7907]soassination - Cowmaiat Version,” toemm|at Atfatra, Novenbar-Dacesber 1963, pp. Hse pengtth Prasidene. ating, 1967 (seven eerialized parte):
[7908]as a tte, 12 . * 1962, Senne! Portrate of @ President." Bolidey Megestne, April, May, June
[7909]ination; quastion of a second invescigaten." New Repubiie, 12 Novesbor Oo :
[7910]see a fens q 8 , . oaeeee prert dium Preetdent,” Parle Match, 1967 (eight sartalized parte),
[7911]. neanatnation: eousthing rotten...” Saturday fvening Port, 2 Decesber 1967, p, 88, —_—: mar eres ee poston’ Little, Brows, 1962,
[7912]: dy Book." Commonweal, 6 January 1967, Se ini —————, Der Tod dea Pra denten, Storm Nagazing, 1967 (eight sertaliead parte}.
[7913]scqueline L, "Hea, Kennedy says thank you to 800,000 friends," Life, 24 January . ——, See se ei teens nerentee 1263. Frenkfurt: 5. Fischer, 1967,
[7914]964, pp. I7R-32C, : ; eee, noone ea. eae Magerine, 26 Merch 1967
[7915]the 7. ihe Ineyoten Speach of Jolm Kennedy at Dallan, Rovenber 22, 196}. 21 Pasot Mandel, P “iM Manchester's Ovn Story," look, S "April 1967, . .
[7916]Privately princed, 1968, Mannea, H. “Long vigine sarexel the six critical seconds." Life, 6 Decesber 1963, p. S2P,
[7917]fyot' A New Life,” Rewnweek, 16 Necenber 1943, pp. 24-25. Mona field, Micheal L t Reporters 19 Dececber 1963, : ‘
[7918]fmath: Raw tne Conttarsiay waa Reborn.” The Tivo, 21 August 1966, p. 6, so " he rotunda = egies to the late President John Fitzgerald Kennec delivered ta:
[7919]till Myetery.” Selence teva letter, 10 Detuber 1956, p, 20, ; jee of the United States Capitol Noveeber 24,1963. New Britain, Conn,:
[7920]fa Luther, pte Teds eld. cadent feter fur John PF, Kennedy anlaasly dy Eroffning * memtt ‘tone First Ke, : ‘ ,
[7921]Oe ee ee eee esate @ tact 19 tute fotuidn of the hited Srasarrerrenieete the Hate Prenident delivered ta the
[7924]13-00000
[7926]ley Jo wost foul! The tre at mirdeved. dent Reon
[7927]een th gad aneware, Lea Angelest Burvay of Lotareational Relations, 1967.
[7928]recident sod Netion’s Journey.” Eremetructionist, 23 December 1963, pe 3,
[7929]eres ee Kew Yorks Bolaont Books, 1969,
[7930]teascasbie dowt. fife, 25 Noveaber 1966, pp. 36-A8R+, % - . .
[7931]‘e Your Dark Daya igtory: Novenber 22-25, 1963. Los Angeles: The author,
[7932]96 .
[7933]oa. “owember 22, 1963." Progrenstve “Magazine, Decesber 1964,
[7934]ley, “What They ere Saying.” Vintener, 28 Noveuber 1963, p. 068,
[7936]Bulletin €roe Dallas: the Preaident ia Mead, Kew Yorks Exposition Press,
[7937]mas HM. “The Assassination Industry: A Tentative Checklist ef Publications on
[7939]he Murder of President Joha 7, Kennedy." American Book Collector, Summer 1968,
[7940]itye “After great pain; a formal feeling.” Awcrica, 14 December 1963, p, 764, —
[7942]a omy _Jjohn Pitegeraid Kennody, Weahington: Ewentgn Star Newspaper Co,,
[7943]963, - : .
[7945]He “Paris, November 22nd, 1963." Jersculate Heart Croseder, Noverber-Dacember
[7946]1964, pp. 6-9.
[7948]J, “Apede la Mort de Kennedys L'amsrique devant Elle-Hewe.” Etudes: Rene |
[7949]athodique d'intéret goveral, 1964,
[7951]trivia. “The Curious Testimony of Mr, Given." Tesag Observer, 13 Sugust 1971,
[7952]pe ll-12.
[7954]fotes fer new investigation.” Uequire, Docember 1966, pp. 211+,
[7956]“Om Closing the Doors, Not opening Then; or the Liatt of the Warres Inveatigattion,*:
[7957]The Minority of Ona, July-August 1966, pp. 29-32.
[7959]Post Assassination Credibility hase.? athe Minority of Gna, Merch 1967, pp. 21-
[7960]22, . .
[7962]“a Paychfetriat's Retroactive Clairvoyance." The Minority of One, June 1966, pp.
[7963]15=27, ; .
[7964]“‘Wheela with Deale: Now the Rennedy Investigation Was Organized,” The Minority
[7965]of One, July-August 1968, pp. 227, '
[7967]pintow.” Scfence Digest, February 1967, pp. 35-36. .
[7968]gileetiton of vevapsper vicrofi is ing even he a f
[7970]P, Kana Rovesbe: Cleveland: Bell and Howell Co., Hicre Phote
[7971]division, 1964, : .
[7973]» Rarold, “Broadcast ve, Sources of Unforsation in Emergent Public Crisess the
[7974]Presidential Assassinaton.” Journel of Brondcanting, Spring 1964, pp. 147-156,
[7975]it .“Echoes of Dalian.” Tliustrated London Neva, 66, oo. 1709 (1963), 866=
[7976]870, ~
[7978]“Aietory an Tragedy.” Ji lustrated London Neva, 66, no, 1707 (1963), 766-768.
[7980]s ive, “Snapjperski Hetak na Savijest Averike.” Vjesuik usritedu, 27 Novem-
[7981]bee 1963, p. 604, . .
[7983]Tho je ublo Kennedtyja, Zagreb: "Starncet,/ 1967, ,
[7984]ko, ‘Amorike ja Povela Istragu nad Same Sobou." Borba, 1 Decesber 1963, pp. 29:
[7987]"Stravicne Hrooika 22, Noverbra.” Borbs, 24 Rovenber 1963.
[7988]"Whijea Predsednik SAD Deon Renedt," Forba, 23 Noverbdr 1963. .
[7989]and S, Lynd. “Seeds of Doubt: Some Qunstions About the Assesetnatioca,” Rey
[7990]Reevblie, 21 Decesber 1963, pp, 16-17. .
[7991]Toll, “Eaigua de la Dalles af Sesnele oi di Tntrevare.” Pentru Spareres Pacti,
[7992]irearbee 1966, pp. 19-22.
[7993]duh: photos and Serays of autopsy.” Hevaverk, 14 Noveaber 1964, pp. W-3i.
[7994]I, “Hew Lageiry needed: queatioas conceruing the sssasaination.” Nev York Times -
[7995]Maearine, 25 December 1966; & Jnsuray 1767. — : _
[7996]“Tragedy.” C,S, Neva _and World Report, 2 Decesber 1963, p. 6.
[7997]» Re “Crystal Ball: Condensaticn frou cift of Prophecy,” Reader’e Dineat,
[7998]July.1963, pp. 235-242, : : :
[7999]3d stories concerning the Death of a President by W, Manchester.” U.S, News end -
[8001]World Report, 30 January 1967, p. 36.
[8003].
[8004]aan. Aasanaination: The Death of Prenident Joho P, Remedy. New York: New Aneri-
[8005]Libre.
[8007]cm ¥, 1943,
[8009]‘tpht. Dey: This Seing the Day_tn Novether the vord from Nallan ven Heard in
[8010]FacrmAtde, New forks Atheneus, 1965, :
[8012]1, Falesia, “A Nev Keanedy Theory.” Now Stateaan, 18 Navewber 1966, ps 735.
[8014]“nepact fron Hextco on Reaction to Join Keooedy To Tragic Death.” Catholic
[8015]Mrewearer, 3 Deceater 1963, p. 12. ; oe ..
[8018]- “Re.
[8019]‘action in che South,” Nevaveek, 16 Decenbar 1963
[8021]_ Roberts, ¢. “Byevitnens in Dallas." Rewaveak, § Decesber 1966, pp. 26-25,
[8023]u
[8025]National Broadcssting Cospeny, Pere wpe 0 Preetden: Senden Bowe ;
[8026]“the Nations Roy Sorrevtat Bad,” “Tine, Rorebee i0tsn re tee , wie
[8027]Relaca, aay ton f Zeonedy hed Surviveds Life in Beapirator Might Rave Bees Sle Pate.”
[8029]Sogeles Tims, 7 June 1966, i. 19,
[8030]Now Assaseination theory: theory of s° Thompene,” 27 Novexber 1967, pp. 29=:
[8032]“Hew conflict over sesassinaten,” U3, Neve and World Report cembe
[8033]"Now Meat oo a jatsnninatioat @ eecret 73 a ater. . mn hese mad vert repere Me é
[8035]Nevaana, Alfred, The Assssninstton of tohs Y, Rennady, Zhe Reason Why, Sew York:
[8036]Nichols . paso Maprortere 1970, '
[8037]9 OE, Oo, ident Kennedy's Adrenals,”
[8038]“Hotes and ¢omsent." Rew Yorker, 1 beceanae 1963, a 28 ely 1947s Whe Ldet30,
[8040]“Novenber 22, 1963, Dalias: Photos by Nine Byee.
[8041]anders," £ jovenbe
[8042]“Now the Trumpet Susnona ABAloece™ Businees Week 0'R “a oa PP. sean m ir
[8044]Now the U.S. gates JIK autopsy.” 0,5 tess are
[8045]one Fs evs end Worle Report, 14 November 1966 G1,
[8046]. Eni "The Life end Death of Facusdy Hew Statesnen, 71, ao. isle (2966),
[8047]— ove Rise but hia," New Stateenen, 30 s
[8048]O'Toole: Dre eptenber 1966, pp, 679-481,
[8049]ore james K. “Mourning & President, Sozchiatric Quarteriy, 40 (1966), ?3%=
[8051]“Oa the Par Rights The Assassta, “ ,
[8052]. ation.” Cosmcaveal, 27 Decend ,
[8053]al wtgeetting of Contesporary Ulatory.” Atlantic, March i967, ee
[8054]wOrval ca Rigtortc Pharyee Hfes 10 duly 1964, pp. 26-31, a
[8055]e Beveve . er po. 1. uo
[8056]Pacis, Vicente F week decesb
[8057]ice, tent A. “Hate Campaign did ite Weekly Cr 2s ar 1963, pp. 2, 3,
[8059]Eeater-Dovnee, Holla, "Letter from London." Nev Yorker, 7 Decesber 1963, pps 196-198,..
[8061]“Paris: le Coup de. Dalles." Se.
[8062]Parlach « Stee ard 6 Dacaxber 1963, p, 817
[8063]. . Stross “Jacquelins 1 das Leben etnar Vitve.” Storm Magazine, 3 :
[8064]th
[8065]athologiet Sleuth Kecpens Kennedy Coatroverey; Suggests STK suffered from Addteon's
[8067]. Disease," Sclence Neve, 22
[8069]“A Permanent Record of th "tee yRoveabe
[8071]a near so ier le Vatched fren fi z 22-25, 1963." TV Guide, 25 January
[8072]elena, 4 “Plot to Kill Kenedy? Rush to Judgeent in Nev Orleane," Saturday Rreitag pe ming
[8074]“Pilgrimages to ¢; ‘
[8075]. ave of President Kennedys Shedow St411 Coat Over White House,” Ihe Tis
[8077]“Piety of it," t comb
[8078]De er 1963,
[8079]Pomeranta, Charlotte co * tation
[8080]e, Mo New
[8081]reread of Perhopcn® Hecate Sf RUSE fo Tors trata and wen, 864,
[8082]r le a
[8084]Posuony, 5.7, "Clearing the sin ie
[8085]if T. Nattonal 4
[8086]Name phetd ‘ "Praces @ Dalles." Cite re, 4 lone as yee28, We Ua 1A,
[8087]aassingted by « Gunman at Dal aa," watrat ‘P e Bovesb
[8088]aa negate duatrate di x es 3963,
[8089]rire dent Kenoeeete sntine Hows tote uit, ;? Movesber 1963, p, 6,
[8090]isonet ree . ig i cture}, Volper Production, Ballas Cinema dssociat
[8091]“Pricelese Role," Neewveeh, 16: Becesee Hass, Pe. cri 1963, He a.
[8094]“Priset of Aussacinatéioa Theories,”
[8095]Puche, Tavertes bane: enineto:
[8096]. taftea Ruen, 1963,
[8098]‘A Quiet and Sad Dey,"" Nevaveak, 3 Decesber 1963, p. 34,
[8100]Laquire, Decesber 1966
[8101]Gl _arainato de Fenne. ashes 0d~210.
[8103]‘,. Rand, Michael ¢
[8104]Raskinn ih & al., comps. The Aaseneination of President Renne » London: jo 4967,
[8106]reus, “Rush to Judguent.” Yair Lao Reveiw, January 1967, pp. 581-59)
[8107]e
[8109]. .
[8110]Reaction to Rilifoge." Scéance Neva Letter, 7 Decesber ise po 358,
[8111]$ cer, lo Be
[8113]"Reaction to the Asvaseina , °
[8114]tion; excerpts from reports to Christi e
[8115]Report Fron the Fetat Qeistlen Ceneerp, 80 (1963), TeLeet ER © OO corm
[8116]e Wot" Hevaverk, 23 Deceabar 1963, pp. 19-20,
[8118]” Reyes Monroy, Jone Lule, Rano are, : 1 eng 8 16 ORE
[8119]da ufdorn: Jah 1
[8121]. / del gran preatdente do_loe_Estadce Tides Se tpee pastoneh < spatens : : , =
[8123]ry
[8125]Rala: Tip, Nacional, 1965,
[8127]Roberta, Charlies W. the Fearne
[8128]Roberthoni AL "Hasaem e_Teth About the “Aaeassination, New York: Groasat and fumte- saeco
[8131]13-00000
[8133]18, Ve Mo tine fer enllective gutit.® Dads Rowe and World Resort, 9 teomber : 2
[8134]i963, p. 72, :
[8136]Ld .
[8137]te buy the Toport oa Kemsety Assassinet ion," 3.5. Newp_end World Repost, 12 Geto=
[8138]juiresats’ tices vith Mark Lane end Patle de Antents,® Ziln coment,
[8139]to gments A wershtion a and ta le
[8140]“Fall/Winter 1967, pp. 2-18, ;
[8142]ik, Bertrand, 36 Questions on tha Argessination., Paseate, R.J. ood. .
[8144]J, Yo “Doubts about Dallas,” National Review, & Saptember 1966, pp. 887-0088+,
[8146]» Martia BH, Bto-btbito, of the Kennedy Pantiy, New York: Searecrov, 1969,
[8148]‘Ayan, Mikheil, “Daikas, who? How? Whyt™  Spuend Nouthly Digest, June, August,
[8149]197, .
[8151]er, Plerre £6, “With Zenadys” Good Howsebneping, August 1966, pp. $767, 158,
[8152]160~168, 170, 172, 174, ;
[8154]= and Sander Vanocur, eda, A Tribute te John Fy Kennedy, Ghicagot Encyclopedia
[8155]Britannica Press, 1964, ‘
[8157]wey Marriage Z. “Who Killed Keonedy?” Progresnive Hazarine, Hoveuber 1966, pp. 16+
[8158]3
[8160]B. and J, Vickey, "Resolutions of the Libarel Dileewa in the Assassination of Praei@
[8161]_ deat Kennedy," Journal of Pernowality, Deceaber 1963, pp. 636-648,
[8163]Atauyuki, “New Light oo the Aoaassination: A Secret Agent's Story." S, Kews an
[8164]World Report, 8 Jume 1964, pp. 38-39,
[8166]@, leo. “As I vas Saying." Kev Lender, 9 Movenber 1964, pp. 813, :
[8168].Sitimongkou, Fisnelang khattakam pret Anbthiphddt Komedi. Bangkok, 1964.
[8170]ingec,: Arthur M., Jre "A Eulogy: John Fittgareld Keanedy, Saturdey Bvening Post,
[8171]16 Decanber 1963, pp. 32-324, .
[8173]t, Stecer nH, Bernadette, coup, The Trumpet summons HseJohn Py Keonedy, Wew Yorks
[8174]Vantage Prase, 1964,
[8176]ber, F.R. and HK, Herem, “Nowesber 22, 1963, « Paychiatrie Evaluation,” Science Digest, —
[8178]‘July 1963, pp, 39-61, .
[8180]Fa Alfred, “fm "Carousel’ Sitsen FBl~Agenten, Dalles nach dem Kennedy-Hord,” Der
[8181]Syteget, 17 (1963),76, ; .
[8183]len, Jeachin, "fer Nord von Dallas," Dfe Zede, 19 (1964), p. 3.
[8185]$ Friwer of Assassinat {oa Theories,” Es. uite, Hay 1967, pp. 104-107,
[8187]leon Tragedy." Saturday Eventn, Port, 14 Decesher 1963, p. 19. ,
[8189]Nact. Kennedy, susraini, Istanbul: Bligia Yeyinleri, 1967,
[8191]Tdow- Oe _yalur pared rotehea Kenedt, Tel avivs N. Twereky, 1964,
[8193] Revew and What They Can Teach Ua, Life, & Decewber 1963, p. 4 .
[8195]#00 6 Grassy Knoll: Fhotographic-analysie shows a0 New Evidence,” Time, 26 May 1967,
[8197]Pe 21,
[8198]fa Dallan” Saturday Reviev, 28 Decendber 1963, p. 26.
[8199]» Robact . The Relevast Queatton,” Saturday Reviev, 14 December 1963, p, 23.
[8201]TeMe, dee “Kena from a Dallas citizen,” ‘Lock, 24 March 1964, pp. 68+,
[8203]33¢ That Changed our Future.” Ties and Tive, 28 Kovesber 1963, Pp &
[8205]Le “Nealey Plaza,” Holiday, Kovenber 19€9, pp. 76-794,
[8207]Merriasn, The Nurder of che Young Preafdent., United Preae International {n.d}
[8209]Williaa R, Ansausination by Consenauas the abory behind the Kennedy senashinatton,
[8210]Wonhtogeont L'azant Gard+, 1966,
[8212]‘eo Allon Story froa the efternira of the Fennady Aseaseination, Washington: L' avant -
[8213]Garde, 1968, ;
[8215], Georga W. wh Did They baranninace President Fennedyt The author (n.d)
[8217]It Meatery of the Mise ler Foe ferrin wre 1967, 9. 17. €
[8219]‘Ravantaaion Unterssche Kennedy~Attendat. Palizet-Polizet-praxie, $5 (1964), pp. 159=
[8220]160, :
[8222]‘By Theodore C, "Kennedy." Look, 10 August, pp. 40-504 24 August, pp. 3%=30; 7
[8223]Septenber, pp. 42-46, $1054; 21 Septeaber, 68-52, 57-60; 19 Octot CE, Pp,e 30-53,
[8225]Press Cement Polloving Kennedy's Death," Current Digest of the Sovtet Prene, 18
[8226]Decesher 1963, pp. 3-7, - : . ;
[8228]1 S,P. and NoR, Dentin, “Levels of Knowledge in an Emergent Criois.” octal Potces,
[8229]Decewier 1965, pn. 234-237, | :
[8231]o Rehard EF, “the Assassination of Preaideat Joho F, Kennedy: The Application of
[8232]Cumputers to the Photographic Evidence," Gerputera ond Autosation, May 1970,
[8233]‘pp. 29-60, .
[8235]ca, Allel R.  “trtbutes to John F, Kennedy," In Baird, A.C, od. Representative
[8236]faetican Sprachen, 1963-1954, New York: Wilaen, 1964, :
[8238]« Gracies J. ond Bruce Kendall, eds, A.pot_semed John P, Kennedys serrona on hin
[8239]Bersanination, Glen Racka, “eJys Paullet Press, 1964,
[8241]2 TTL oT e ttncae om thet trtocar.” Outlook, Februare 1966. on. <9.
[8243]' Themes 4
[8244]; le "ia Monde Libre ot 1e Crine de Deliss,* 7a
[8246]"Deo ‘Teafitache Spiel wn don Lensety-tieré, Der Trick den Uelthemmantons | Desthochone sont we:
[8247]it ten nie Pe 2g saa ne
[8248]"nate nation, wader Gods Cakenent ta odtzeze,” asters Digest, Semnary 1964, pp,
[8250]Thoupson, Josiah, con Ballag, Sev York: Bernard Cols oclates .
[8251]Theupaca, Thoeas, In Texas @ dae eo 2967, . ,
[8252]Woes tet 1963, pp, 325-52, |” AOMCiR ate Ladd to Rest, Ton” Joh,
[8253]Co A DIbI of Litera ;
[8254]Kennedy. San Antonio, Texea \
[8256]16 July, 23 daly,
[8258]it, 19 Novesber
[8260]the White Bost Rough
[8261]m rue en, Wesley “ ay le e: tate Jou oF tna Janay 1968s os aety,
[8262]le le ie
[8263]Tint betwee, s ae Teometen et raped ote ne Tan Bernard Geis Associates ad,
[8264]eee Investigates the Asesasination.” 0, 12 Daceabe
[8265]Richard heats ceaber 1966, p. 20, .
[8266]Tobia, ard Ae a Rig Can Keep Your feed Wen Al font You: Television and Neve
[8268]Associated Press
[8270]6!
[8271]wh Tragedy ond @ Challenge." Bustnens ek, 30 Roveab
[8272]* Neek, 30
[8273]nyrante Dey tm Texas." Sentor Scho astte, 16 Noveabar 1966. 6.°9, 22%
[8274]: fegic and of John PF, Kennedy.” US, News end World et, 2 Decesder 1963, pp. 31-92,
[8275]re, a tie ence een ny
[8276](GerTRELE Heport, 8 Juve 1964, pp, 95-392) | NCEE Aneat'e Seory, x
[8277]Tupa, Stefan, Gallas; Declaratis at Tpoteze.* 12 Merch 1964 PP. 9~20,
[8278]z 7 ioMe Notes from Texas." Coomenveal, 13 December 2963, ». 337," ‘
[8279]urper, WV, stone vaneetee. a raralleley ensessination of HLL, King end J.P. Sevnedy,*
[8282]tateed Pian eares” eattoaaL Review, 4 April 1967, pp. 335-336, ~
[8284]al. Bro hure Hovent
[8286]Ne Fase ront ee of 91] American
[8288]. 22 to 25, 1963, ieations a.d
[8289]Us. Congress, touse. Committee the Judicia Preservi, eviden ttaintn the
[8290]se. President edy: report to ac any HR. 9545, Washington:
[8291]“ den
[8293]45 .
[8294]Subpoena power For Covaission on Asess—
[8295]rt _from Cewsittes oo Judiciary to
[8297]Washtogtons G.P.0,, 196.
[8299]. e
[8300]es, aeeaeten, 1954, Mewnrial addreanes in _the Congress of the United States end
[8301]f Culogy of ,
[8302]fae Te ee! bn Kerne late President of United Sen: Washe
[8304]Unraveling the wystery of the assassinat :
[8306]: on of John PF, Kennedy; the of "
[8307]Rewa_and World Re Oc & the official story,” 9,5
[8309]"Untold: Stardcne penser iitarsate are tober 1964, pp. 35-424, ht
[8311]1964, pp. 58-62. Assassination,” ss News, end World Repore, 12 ccteber
[8313]Uruguay, Biblioteca del Poder Le \
[8314]Q) Bia lativo hi
[8315]Shenton Seats £u_feliciniento, Hoatevideor sam :
[8316]s at~Autkiarungs Welaocr Hann Gesuche.” De: "8p gel,
[8317]"USA-Kennady-Attentat: Mord tn der 5, bed a crespesi ee re tions oes aoe
[8318]: n ‘onne Spte
[8319]ngsA Trasldentenschutar Fenster eu." Der Solent Tee "is tise) eae 77-3.
[8320]one Abuse Deltas terres oe Conment, Fall/Winter 1967, ap, 47-53,
[8321]» & 0- Roun Rev Tlaea, 18 Ha: ae
[8323]Van Der Karr, Richard RK. Cttote 4a. Datiasy mbiatoriece rene Te eke ce ectae- stots
[8325]televieton broadcantere anet oo o ~
[8328]13-00000
[8330]Street Revives Foot After the Crisis." Jusiness eek, 30 Novesber 1963, pp. 28-9.
[8332]; ' “qemer, dean ren poeud,) “Letters from Paris." Rav Yorbar, 7 Decewber 1963, .
[8333]©, Bala, Whe Etiled the eidect? Rew t dverices Praes, 1964 ‘ « 133
[8334]c, Hen, “Big Bargain in Rifles,” Machanix Ljes trated 0, a0. 47 (3964), 89-91%, “Pree friend ead teat ta anaricat sense of shock and disasy at the despicable act, statensn
[8335]this Man Sane?" Life, 21 Februsry 0 PPe 2 . , Neve » 2 Dacesber 1963, p. 49. . ;
[8336]tngton Ostlook,” Business Week, 30 Bovesbat 1963," pp. 41-42,,109-110. Freateh, T. “An Avericen ot Teh: ag, 6 Aptil 1967, pp. 5e2-383,
[8337]teg, Rarold, Photographic Wikeessh eased Kerme ain t e ' Greenberg, Bradley 8. end Ravin 8 atker, eds. ‘The Kennedy Assansfoation snd the. a
[8338]. Ryattetoun, Md: The author oud. ‘} ublic; scele] eommmication in erieia. Stanford University Preas, 1965,
[8339]—~. Pont Morten: supppeeced Kennedy Autapsy, Predarick, Hd., 1969, Creensteia~ I Fad tpeeciar Tessas at the opular Images © President." ienea ieee seen ‘
[8340]we Poet Horten TIT, aecrate of the Kennedy Autopey, Frederick, Hd., 1969, ‘ La 122, no. 5 (1965), 523-529. pte
[8341]™. Multevanh 11, the Fat-Secret Service coverups Byatteville, Md., 1966, Hebe, Hans, stomy of Hat be d d. Londont Harrap, :
[8342]D, and WV. Turner, “Io tha Shadows of Dallas, arts, 25 January 1969, pp. 61-71. _ Hareie, T. George. “Competent American: Bight Views of JFK." Look, atts Movesber 1964, pp.
[8343]p RoJo “Kanpady aseaneinstions with editorial comment.” Saturday Evening Pos be a 34, 36, 61, 64, © i
[8344]14 January 1967, pp. 19-25, 78, ‘ Hepbura, Jenaa, “yereweli_Asarice. Belgium; Frontier Company, 1968, (Also in Corean ané
[8345]they sav that Dreadful Dey in Dallast Tastisony and Evidence Published." Neweveek, French tezts).
[8346]7 Deceaber 1964, pp, 28-30. . “How America Felt.” Newsveek, 16 Merch 1964, p. 33,
[8347]tr, Keith, “The aifle that Killed Keonedy,” Lite, 27 August 1965, pp. 62-65, . . “How sorrowful bad; world reactions.” 29 Nowesber 1963, PP. 36-39.
[8348]mney Died,” oy ow iertesber 1964, p. “ta Jural Procesulul de la Dalles, folnd Presa Straing.” Seinteta, 9 March 1966, Po é
[8349]the ehets cous New Republic, 28 Decenber 963, Pe 7. “In the Nation's fotarest; commasion to Investigate the Assassination of President Joha
[8350]Theodore H. * sareastnerien ee inquiry: slow, careful,” U,S, Reve_snd World Report, . F, Kennedy," America, 21 Decesber 1963,
[8351]27 January 1964, ps 49, legacy, the peop ople"e teak." oe ee oo 13 Decasbar 1963, pp. 335-336.
[8352]« “Yor President Kennedys An Epilogue.” look, 6  Dacenbar 1963, pp. 138-159. Lneberty, ¥ Uibiian, a Lingering ‘plot’, Foreign Opinion end the Assessinetion.” =
[8353]« “One vished for a Cry, @ Sob...Any fumes Soun Sound.” Look (17 Novenber 1964: J?K leatet 27 April 1964, pp. bie,
[8354]" Meoorial edition), “Lingering dovbta; survey of public opinion,” Mevaweek, 6 January 1964, p. 19.
[8355]lled Kennedy National Review, 2 July 1968, p. 642.
[8357]McG41l, AZ. “Speaking outs hate knows no direction. Saqtuedey Evening fost, 14 Bacssber :
[8358]lled Kennedy? The Crucial Evidence." The Time, 9 October 1966, pp. 7-21. . 1963, pp. &. tad
[8359]Uled President Kernedyt Soviet Condolences,” New Times, & Deceaber 1963, pp. So?. “Der Mord von Dallas Hshat die Welt.” ape DIME, Berlin, 12 (1969), a0. 3, pp. 1-2, be
[8360]ste Blace?” Econoutst, 7 Decenber 1963, p. 1022.
[8362]"L*Oceidente @ 1s Morte di Kennedy.” ate di etudf politic! intermmazionali, Plorence, o
[8363]sary. ““Dallast Gat There," Nasional Cathelie Reporter, & January 1967, p. 10, 30 (2963), p, 3.
[8364]Richard, "What Rappened to the Kennedy Program,
[8366]Took (17 Noveaber 1964; JK Radojcic, Mircelav. "Kako je Amerika Priaile Veat o Zlecinu v Teksasu.” Politika, a
[8367]memoriel Edition), pps ll7-11d+. :
[8369]. 2) November 1963, p. 16010,
[8370]wid, "Ir Will Be Many Tears..." Good Housekeeping, February 1966, pp. 90-914, owwwwme, "Zasto je Amerike Cutala?™ Politika, 2 December 1963, p. 18017.
[8371]“Secret Evideuce on the Kennedy Assassination.” Saturday Evening Post, 6 April’ : Raios, Rohn R., comp. Editorials U.S.A. Different opinions on different _aubjects, Joho F,
[8372]1968, pp. 70-73. . Kennedy assassination. Novesber 22, 1963, Dallas, Texas: The author .p.duy
[8373]and Thopas B, Ross. The Pay Kennedy Died, San Antonio: The Naylor Co,, 1964. Rajeki, hayoond B., ed. A nation Grieves: The Kennedy Assassinetion In Editocs
[8374]Fy i. “Que e’esteil Passe a Dallas?” siazleans, Septenber 1966, pp. 2+).
[8376]fter New Year's Anerica: Minds in Ferment.
[8378]Rutland, Ve.: Tuttle, 1967.
[8379]8 January 1966, pp. 18-19,
[8381]Current Digest of the Soviet Presa, Sheatsley, Paul 8. and Norasn Bradburn. “Assessinetion: How the American Public tesponded
[8383]American Peychological Asso. Los Angeles, September 1964, pp. 1~19. (paper)
[8384]ld and the White House." ‘iew Statesman, 29 Novewber 1963, pp. 56-58. . Sheateley, Paul 8, and Jacob J, Feldaan, “The assassination of President Kennedy. A
[8385]Istened and Watched: Radio-TV ‘eets Greaceat Challenge in Wake of JFK Tragedyee.” Pralininary Report on Public Reactions and Behavior.” Public Opinion Quarterly,
[8386]Sroadcasting, < Decenbder 1963, pp. 36-61, - 28 (1964), p. 2.
[8387]mrs in doubt, fear, and hope,” Kevawees, 9 Deceuber 1963, pp. 56-58. "Soviet Press Comment Following Kennedy's Death.” Current Digest of the Soviet Press,
[8388]the-Spot."” Newsweek, 16 December 19 63, ap. 27-28, : 14 December 1963, pp. 3-7, °
[8389]ih, Ralph. “Seanory Perception,” Nevave weak, 16 Jaouary 1967, p. 6. . ' ‘Tamaza, T, Reply to H, Brandon's “Questions frow abroad,” Saturday Review, 27 Jue 1964,
[8390] Laghtnings Day of Druas,” Elta Comen:, Fali/Wintat 1967, pp. 22-23. - “Tragedy in Dallas: letters to the adicor." Christien Century, 963), 1588-3590,
[8391]Wolfenstein, Hertha and Gilbert W, Klimen, eds. Children snd the Death of a Preatdect
[8392], . gultidisctolinary studies, New Yorks
[8393]B. WORLD OPINTON AND EFFECTS .
[8395]ay»
[8396]Wilson, J.J. Mood of the Nation, New York: Mareani & thneell, “1964, ‘
[8397]“The World Reeownds: Resctions to the President's Murder, a Symposiums Bev York, by Wf, We:
[8399]ma Y Tokyo, by J, Blewett, Rome, by D, Campion, Washington, by S. Quinlan. Bogota, by ‘
[8400]foe, Guillerm. The World Before a Tomb, Bartelons, 1964, a dndrade. Milwaukee, by Q. Quade. Toulouse, by 7. Becheau, London, by A, Boyle.”
[8401]vane Jy. ind Kennedy Aseaseination: Early thoughte and Emotions.” Public Opinio: _ kmertca, 14 Recesber 1963,
[8402]Quarterly, Sumer 1964, pp. 216-224, : 1 “World: espa and Waits,” Susiness World, mi Rowsber 1963, pp. M31.
[8403]Norwan H, and Jacob 1, Feldman, Public Apathy and Public Grief, Chicago: *
[8404]National Opinion Center, University of ch: cago, 1964, . : :
[8405]|, “Questions from abroad.” Saturday Peviev, 9 May 1964. . . . C, WARREN COMMISSION
[8406]‘obert. “Rusala: Wo, No, This Cannot be True,” Look, 6 Decenber 1963, PP. 129- . :
[8407]130, . ‘ .
[8408]Gutle,"” .Cheistian Century, 82 (1964), 37-36, ' “ga Warren Inquiry starta; latest on the sssassination.” U8, Keres ond World Repo ty nN
[8409], e Guilt fn the U.S.? Take = Lock at the World: with Excerpta from Addreos by . . Decesber 1963, pp, 2830,
[8410]Trrseton 8, Morton.” U.S, Mews and World Rererts 23 Decenber 1963, pp. 12-74, - “Me aasaseination: The Warren Report.” Nevaweek, 5 October 1964, pp. 32-40, 43-52, 57-60,
[8411]e or individusl guiic.” Us. Meun and World Hepart, 16 Decenber 1963, p. 30. : 63-64,
[8412]K “Reaction of Freenchvol Children to ) the Ansassination of President Kennedy." “autopsy on the Warren Counfenion: Tine Pesay.” Time, 16 Septesher 1966, pps 5453.
[8413]torn Children, November 1964, pp. 100-105, ° “Between two fires; Vrs. Oswald's teatimmy to Warren Comsissica.” Tine, 14 February 1964, |
[8414]wrt, Livingaten. Laetarna etotcha de Pel Aneteny rerortajes den pextediata | ” ppe 16-20, .
[8415]~enseann decade do Manhiege * A ta trurrte ce. lei Li, Kennedy, : ~ Hea tco? Editorial Bickel, Alexmder,N. "Failure of the Warren Report." Conwenta derdl 1967, pp. TaBe
[8416]inadenta Lietraria, 1564, * gememonetis g "Reexenining tha Warren Report.” New Menah teed ree Tanne
[8417]OF "Burden of guilt. Chetetien Ceneure, 81 (1964), 28). .
[8419]“Brava Wttle enna
[8420]hin, "The Kemedy Ageranination aa Viewed hy Cremntar Medte 9
[8424]13-00000
[8426]ait; A, arena . ts et : : ” the wo - - a
[8427]. Concarning Ls dg .
[8428]Come Aatheat fav Eat Bar ae Ese 2 Se tatty ype tae, etN'® CAtaetag
[8429]. Bey “Poataeript te Warren.” Snectator 27 Jens ieee are!
[8431]so : Warren 19 the Deck Who hi Ted Easy Pe 9%.
[8433]werree Sxsstotor,: 23 Seytenber 1966, pp, 3:
[8434]Jacob ’ a
[8435]» docebs sae Sesves Commtesion report and its Gritics.”. Frontier, Novesber 1966,
[8437]—~. “What the Warren report ontte: vi .
[8438]tal documents,” ¥ .
[8439]OR 0 Varren Compia 2 HMundale a Nation, 11 July 1966
[8440]Pred jes Scienes) tte Thdes aghan 6 Co. «aida Qoumal'of teat
[8441]J. “Warren Comdiss feport, .
[8442]_* BPs 705-735, fea '
[8444]5
[8446]on Some mimevered questions” Nation, 23 June 1966,
[8447]we - Varren sion
[8448]: ve Mere Feporti testimony of the ayevitnesses," Ration, 20 June 1966, —
[8449]we Varrea Report and the Urreccneilablea:: Thao and
[8450]ra Kear” pitts, 26 Pabruary 29668, pp 277-281 Of Sontah Tenveen ang Sylvia
[8451]e @ ot al. Critical Reactionn Oo the Verren et. Kev ¥,
[8452]aa slay asi, eee ate, the V, Report. ev Yorks Mareant 6
[8453]oe Re epeachers." Newaveek 19 October
[8454]a, Robart f. “Why the Wy Comiseio?™ ef 1964, 9, 40
[8455]* Pre at7599 jarrea Comission? ew York Univeral Lev Review Mey 2965,
[8456]#7. The Weight of the Evi
[8457].. haseater Pe os dences The Varren Scpost ond ite Critics, Mew Yorks
[8458]FC and Jip Matthews, eds, Pihiten ghe Wa port. Covine, Cals
[8459]Collectors Publications, 196) ooo eaeeen Report fy Galtten
[8460]. its th ? .
[8461]Fargas of the warren Repore, Lea Angalea: Aseociated Professional Service,
[8462]md groving dows queetionin ‘
[8463]; io ccteber 96" se sau ae the verdict of the Varrea Cosnisaton," Revaveek,
[8464], David, "The v,
[8465]"6, nee tea Report: The Death of » President," Liberation, Jenvary
[8466]. veagertals me warren Warres hte Liberation, March 1963, pp. 35,
[8467]Dull anave Ore Criti cman!
[8468]' 4, 1966." VS. Nevt_and World Repore, 19 Decenber 1364 sa te Pecanber
[8469]re. ana Warren Report, Jubilee, December 1964 2627 pe 00 :
[8470]+ Edvard 3, Inquest: the Marreo Commission and ¢ e corabans : .
[8471]ning Freee, i946, = . + Mev Yorks
[8472]_ Eelatérie de bdo: A Comtanfo vy, en c * A o
[8473]i ere ey " Janeiro; ta ines ist pus de vordads Tkds do Renae
[8474]a otraid of the Varren Report?" ep, ir
[8475]mold t. "ae te erat . uite, Decesber 1966 Pp. 206+,
[8476]waz lamer 1967, os, The Warren Report and ite Crittea,” Saturdey Review,
[8477]Shere {save Varren panel's report,* Publ] e
[8478]“Ae others ware Lin Iishere Meckly, $ October 1964 PP. 43-46,
[8479]Trent ieee, ye soe Warren Comiseton Report," Saturday Review,
[8481]aetanc. “Locre Indy.” Great
[8483]Philadelphia ¥
[8484]“The Warre The Teeth ae pe teasing, January 1967
[8485]newer " Commtosioa: The Truth end Arion Specter." Greater Pilledetohia
[8487](Pege proofa, 19661)
[8489]tald F. aSd Joh ortraitn Be Ne
[8490]1965 mR. Stiles, Portrates of an Asnsasin, Mew York: Simon end Schuster,
[8493]Paul £ The Warren Cowntaaiton and the Pourth Shot: A Reflection ‘on the Fundamentals
[8494]of Porenaic Fact Pinding, Kew York Und veraity Lav Review, May 1943, :
[8496]Hharles, An Exantnation of th r i port
[8497]qCiemiaal Tate ie Bp oe eee and eatons of the Warren Re ork,
[8498]@ Warren Conniseion.” Ave Marja, 17 §
[8500]: J leptesber 1966 e °
[8502]vcperett es Coodhart, "Warren Comission: Cie crities and’ the levy Ceoriee € B
[8504]Poe = Verran Comat Roe 15 Deceuber 1966, pp. &4-48 Or Bede.
[8505]ot. a ‘ ty
[8507]Lar Revies, nat i ee towns, Procedural Standpoint,” Kew York Univers
[8509]-"The Mystertes of the Ken
[8510]Review, January 56, Peon uaeisation and the English Press.” Lov Quarterly
[8511]» Pp. 117-118,
[8513]Oo. erren Crexigeten.” 4 .
[8514]a That = coher Slant te August 1966 .
[8515]ly thar 4 set ‘ae by Chief Justice E,¢, Warren on the Assaseinati f
[8516]oe" Hsdaveah Mesitite, Decesher 196), p. 32. on 8 the
[8518]tat the ¥: :
[8519]PP. ee report will show,” U.S, News and Yorid Peport
[8521]+ 14 Septesber 1964,
[8522]"Werten Coamfontnn Mme tatyo nm. m= ee .
[8526], i
[8528]_' dascheony Bs
[8529]Jaffe, Lovie te
[8530]“ Jeastea, Joochin,
[8532]1964,
[8533]_ Ziew York Times Rune 46 Pages of Report.” EAitor & Publisher, 3 October 1964, pe 61,
[8536]v0 we
[8538]Jacobeon, Dan, "Mean Streets Warren Comlsaion Baport." fev Stategnmn, 15 Jenuary 1963
[8539]ieee Kevspaper,” Kew York Dat eu, Map 1565, pre S06
[8540]‘oO le
[8541]4 ait aeer’ des Warren-Re; a
[8542]Zurich: Sciweiser Verlagshau, °
[8543]- Mew York: Maraai 6 Munsell, 1965.
[8545]‘| mee, The Sere in the Werren Report ' :
[8546]Johason, Herion H., com. Preliainary Inventory of the Records of the President's
[8547]rt gn the Assennlaatton of Pracident eset Woot io ae er leet nie eat
[8548]Records Servica, | senacal Services Masini :
[8550]. General Services Adinistration, 1970.
[8551]Jones, Fenn, Forgive My Criefs q critical review of the Warren Comaiseion
[8553]. san le
[8554]beeen ] dlothien, Texas} Midlothian Mirror, 1967,
[8555]Kempton, Harter seperti a case Tad tha prontenthens’” Wey Reeabitgn ie scenes’ 1966
[8556]Ppe 13-17.
[8558]“Latest on surder of Kennedy: « preview of the Varres Report." U,$, Neva and Vorid Rapog
[8559]; 1 June 1966, pp. 43-44,
[8561]Lewie, Richard W. The Scavengers and critics of the Warren Report; the endless paradox,
[8562]Kew Yorks Delacorte Frees, 1967.
[8564]Lifton, Devid S., com. Document Addandun fo the Warren Report. Loe Angeles: Sighttext
[8565]Publications Inc., 1966,
[8567]Lynd, Staughton. “Comment by Staughten Lynd,” Liberation Nagactinn, 9, Ho. 10 (1965), 18,
[8569]MacDonald, Dwight. “A Critique of the Warren Report. Zequire, March 1965, p. 59.
[8571]wemweres "A Ctitiqua of the Warren Report,” In Walker, Gerald, ed. Bont Magazine Artic
[8572]1966, Nev York: Crow, 1966, p. 19-53.
[8574]women, Choat of Conspiracy, A syutique ot the Warren Comnfasion Report. Englevoed Cli
[8576]am NoJ.t Prentice Hall, 1965. (publication withdr.
[8578]Malow, Richard, The Kennedy Assassination and the Warren Report. Washington! G.P,0,, 196
[8580]Marcus, Raywond. ‘The Bastard Bullet; a sea for legitimacy for Commdsaton Exhibit 399
[8582]. Loe Angeles: Rendel feations, .
[8584]Meagher, Sylvia, Accessories after the fact; the Warren
[8585]the report. Indisnapolia; beMerciil, 19:
[8587]own. Subject index to the Waren report_and heariags and exhibits, New York: Scare
[8588]Press, 1966.
[8590]Meyer, Karl £. and N, MacKenzie. “Spotlight on Warren.” London, Nev Statespen, 2 Octobe
[8591]2964, pp. 474-676,
[8592]———~. “The Warren Report: the Triumph of Calibsa,” New Leader, 12 Octobar 1964, pp.
[8594]Michel, Armand, L'assassinat de Johan Kennedy, le Rapport Warren et ses critiques, MP.
[8595]Trinckval, 1968,
[8597]Milla, Andrey, “Who killed Kennedy? The Warren Report is Right." True Hapazine, Decaub
[8599]1967, pp. 12, 72, 75-77, .
[8600]Montagu, Ivor, “The Warren Report,” our Monthly, Novesber 1964, pp. 449-503,
[8601]Mosk, Richerd H. “The Warren Commission and the Tegel Process.” Cana and Comment Magers:
[8602]Mey-Juna 1967, pp. 13-20,
[8603]Muhlen, Norbert. “Mord und Legends. Die Kritiker des Warren-Reporte,” Yrankfurt om Mat
[8605]. Der Monat, 17 (1965), 14-28, .
[8606]"Mystery ain 7 Sparrow's avalvation of the Warren Cowstesion report and its eritics,
[8607]: Tise, 22 Sacember 1967, p. 21.
[8608]Rash, George and Patricia, “The Other Witnesses,” The New Leader, 12 October 1964, pp.
[8609]Rew York Times, The Witnesses: The Highli Rearinga befora the Warren Come:
[8610]the Agsaseination of President Kennedy. New York:
[8612]Banten Books,
[8614]ightmare revisited; reenacteedt fer Vartes Comieasion.” Reveweek, 8 Jime 1964, p. 48,
[8615]O’Brien, Conor Cruise, "Veto by Assoasination?” Minority © ona, Deceeber 1967, pp. 16=
[8616]Oaterburg, Jenne W, "The Vacren Commission: Report and Rearing.” Journal of the Forens
[8618]Sctencesa, July 1966, pp. 261-271, :
[8619]Oavald, FPrenk. "Een aan Stole pa Warren?” Va ang, 1964, pp. 276-279,
[8621]. Packer, Herbert L, “The Warren Report: A Naesure a feveneut.” Nation, 2 Nowesber
[8623]PP, 295-299,
[8624]Podhorets, Norma, “the Warren Cowniosion, 4m Editortel." Commentary, January 1964,
[8626]Pe 24, lets
[8627]Popkin, Richard R. "Ihe Second Oevald; ‘The Case for the Conspiracy Tehory.” Sew York
[8629]Review af Booka, 28 July 1966, pp. %1-12, :
[8630]“Porocilo Warrenove Komlefje.” Ljubitqanakt dnevnik, & October 1964, pn. 268-275,
[8631]“Reaction to Warren Comingion Repart.” Senior Scholastic, 14 October 1964, po 17,
[8632]“Retommendation.” JAMA, 11 January 1963, p. 10; _
[8634]Waadantinn the Dannos weeeme OM Ane - tan ane
[8637]13-00000
[8639]Selere duty; comission to investigate th toation ef J, Remedy," ties, |
[8640]mi 33 podeaet 4] 1963, PP. 26-27, * areas
[8642]i : . 7 Getobes 1964,
[8644]i - Alone.” Morld Veok Negssinn,
[8646]warren pre Bola et wttets Ome Kem, 1964, pp. 25-27,,.0 0,
[8648]. : . le 4 December ® :
[8650]Vria, Vincent J, Warven Report? A Phitadeiphis Lawyer Analyses the Prasient's . connie timony end evidence,” iis. 6 July 1964, p. Ade,
[8652]. “pack ad Beck Wounds..." Libera fon, Farch 38s, Pp. 14-32, he Pree ; ' mvirren fingdiaest sen few fects." - ‘editort comment." Bation, 2 : o
[8653]mnen,. Ralphs vist der dre ce we dan Tod President Wennedys Claubwurdtgt* i _ Vartan Reports A Measure ot ane Achievement 5 ; ; = eo
[8654]my orter Hefte ne.1(1: 15-26, . Rove: 1964, 290-295, .
[8655]rte, Fhe 4 Legal Dewurrar ts the Repose of the Warren Comission," Joumalof ~ | moar eh Comenvesl, 9 October 1964, 9. teem Medicine for-attomere,
[8657]Forenate fgtences, July 1966, pp, 316-329, ‘ : i. narra ren Report How to Murder Medical Bvidence," . ct
[8658]Te Alfredda, et"s Kotes on the Verren Commission Report..." Mertcon tar 7” the bahia Beer 1965, pp. 1-28, Magazing, April 1967, pp. Jel2. _
[8659]fetostation Joumal, January 1965, pp, 39-43, wo Warren Reports Letters from Readere,” Spementery Tegeeits 4 Noveaber 1967; p. 28,
[8660]eee 22 july ise noe ag, 75 Move Inguttyy the varrea Report" Saturdey miners Report ee Mattonel Baviees sori IEG eee 1964, pe 15. :
[8661]ceview y Pe . «" National Review janua eo ee ae
[8662]ba, Wi, David, “The Warcen Report: Letters fron Renders." Comencery, April 1967, iy mysskington neat Nechede Sher ice fn te Backs | Lait & January 196 rove Cee
[8663]Pe. 14, 16, wi n je Men ° Wis \° voor
[8664], Mote cTMbakie the unthiakabler the Warren Comtasion books,” Publishers eekly, ’ Measbety Nereida, “The Resort on the Warten faperts or the Siz Wise ten of Tndmean
[8665]tober Pe ry
[8666]We, ‘John RA. fter the Asgnanination:
[8668]Report. Hyattstown, Hd., 1965,
[8669]& Positive Faioal of the un 0
[8670]eRew York: Cit leark Press, 1568,
[8672]the War Cal$forniat
[8673], : Were, Johan erm ran € fia zn a Warren Commission on Trial. Covina,
[8675]et the ¥ Comnsesion Report,” 4 fork University Ley Review, May 1968 mate Coliectors “e ilove he Wa Report?" Mew Yorki MscHillen, 1968,
[8676]wa on the Varres esion Repor iv vars os, May Should ve Believe the Warren Report’
[8677]Pe S06~524, ° ‘ Waite, Stephon, :
[8678]Of the Warren Covmiasion, * Ration, 27 January 1964, Pe OL, . oo
[8679]Of Sumary of Warren Countasion Reporte,” reesional Quarter! Yeak. 2 October
[8681]1964, pp, 2332-2340,
[8684]8, Coorge C, The Quest for Erutht A quitrical loot _at the Warren Report: Or, How
[8685]Preatdent Kennedy waa realiy ase onsinaterd, Glendale, California: c.c,
[8686]Engineering Con, 1964,
[8688]D, BEE HARVEY OSWALD
[8690]October 1965, pp. 249-350, Lae
[8691]1d, by Lao Sauvage, At +4 a: An Too
[8692]Tenses prh Metin aad Bae pee erase Kathleen Mateting "ss oes 3 1966), 3$-68, .
[8693]. ev LJ .
[8694]mtening exhibite; Photographe and X-taya tuned over to the Nattonal Archives,* Anebachers Brine Taterpretation,” sholanalztic Rew! How the President wes shot,
[8695]Ratton, 1h Novenber 1966, Ps S00, “Asseasination, es the plot unfolds: be oe mber 1963, pp. 68-71,
[8696]Aatheuy, “The Assassination, the Warren Coaniseion and the Public interest." : U.S, News and sorta Rencrk, sport 1968, pe 470 et cet.”
[8697]Motive, Februsry 1967 PP. Gmls, . " for Osvald,” Tire, ° jorat for Osy ndlever
[8698]Roper, Hugh R."Slovensy ngrren Reports” Atlan, February 1963! mp. 115-128, buchen Téa. “liven Myrdede Prassident Kennedy? 2t Defens
[8699]shout Kennedy Aaseasination: wae tha Warren Feport written in haate to prove a
[8700]theory? With interview of A, Specter,” 9
[8702]6), 1-3,
[8703]Frit Dannark, 22, no. 10 (1963-64),
[8704]“aS,Heveend World Report, 10 October ZeisBannark, 22,
[8706]1966, pp. 44-50, F
[8708]“Bey, Don't You Know I'm on Camera?” New Republic, 29 February 1964, p, 7,
[8709]e
[8711]ewident’s Commission on the Asaans
[8713]Feno
[8715]any, 1967
[8716]Gil and Ani. Wan Osuald Alone? San Diego: erteer ibeiet bet rey.
[8717]sination of President Kennedy, A-Conciee Connendiun Coren, Aliataies “Orval her Paychopathic Parsonslity ;
[8718]ef _the Warren Commisst on the /anassinacion of John ¥. pedy, New Yorks ,
[8719]Popular Library, 1964.
[8722]dian, 27 Noveuder 1963, p. . 16.
[8723]counsel for Senta ge Tee. ond erie tarvay Oevalé a Play)." Playbi}y,
[8724]Searingn, 26 vole, Washington: 6.0,p, 1964, op y, Anram and Leon Friedman, “The Trial of
[8725]Inveatipation of Lhe Annasoinstion of President Joon F. kennedy; Hearings before : ,
[8726]the Preafidcnt omission on th acsirat f Presiden Kenne :
[8728]oe Ane
[8730]. ine, &, no, 11, 12, 1964, pp. 86-89,
[8732]or oof + Washington, Pelduan, eel vill sh HL." he taki ete tate te Judgmene’,"
[8734]Ge, Ire, + “Aequittal for dave:
[8735]» The oftretat Warren Re Schum the Assassination of President John F._rennedy, , : Grehen, I camotol, 21 April 1967, pp. rien 4 We ort, 6 April 1964,
[8737]wlio Nizre snd Catton, Garden City, N.Y,¢ Doubleday, 1964. . Grove, L. "Did prese pressure kill Oswald? U.S._Hews sad Vorld Report,
[8738]Srroet_of the Kerron Commtseton Othe Awassination of President Kennedy, , Pp. 28-79, ‘
[8739]With added material prepared by the New York Tives exclusively for this edition,
[8740]Nev York: MeGraveHt21, 1966, ;
[8742]1a dence Brought on Ue, SEke -
[8743]@ Michael, Lee Narvey Osvald:
[8745]Nastinge Michael. Penguin Books, 1966. Osvald and others). Lock, 17 Octobar 1967,
[8746]Fepert of the Presidene's Comission on the Seasination of Pree dent Joh “He vas ey brother: excerpts form lee (Roby
[8748]Ftete ch the Per came Washingtcnt 6x0, Pee TSG g ee eaeANM LOM Of Preetdent John epregnert ene
[8750]dhe Warren Renore: - Report of the Co-wission, Rev York; Aspoci ated Presa, :
[8752]1905, 7
[8754]40,
[8755]day Review, 4 May 1968, p..
[8756]Sensing History," guturdey Review 1965, pp, 101-202,
[8757], Hewes, Henry, “The Theatres ald." Flav Noveeber *
[8758]‘ The. Silence of Oev Ligtey,
[8759], . Holees, JoNn Clellon, < . deastin
[8760]De kitmasses - Selected and edtted fron the Warren Commtasion hearin a 222, 224, Been Found to Try His," Broadcasting,
[8761]fon ew York Times, New York: Meceavell il, 1565. : r "If Oawald had lived, could Tapartial Jury Heve :
[8762]“a foomission, Yarres Saacrt Sher din Srenrdinp deg Eealdenten John F, Kennedy, 6 January 1364, Pp. 52-359, sin,” Life, 22 February 1964, pp. 66A-60,
[8763]td SEE ae aT ee see ee Hanes elas RaaoeRReSeRER, JL Kennedy, _ Keon, Donald, "the Evolution of en Assessing “Ti584), 5297-5998,
[8764]t. Lo "book for el} fo read: Warren Report,” Life. 16 October 1964, 'p, 35 dae ten Joachin. “Lazat Osvald," Zelobosenies a °
[8765]. Le j . , > Pe 35, a 2
[8766]atren Report te not enough; votces apesking 49 contradiction of report; . soratans Marina Qsvald, Londont panes ie York: Maram’ md Mewell, Ince, 1964,
[8767]call for.tavestipation,” Life, 7 Cctober 1966, p. 38, . . wnmwone, Onvald: Assassin or Fal so pawuay, 1967-: aa
[8768]roe ee Hat fone rea pecember 3g Pe ase . : ‘3 + pawald: TT sa ese Herper'a, April 1964, tH arte 1964, pp. 11 :
[8769]inelaston andthe wera am.” Pontos Scholastic, 18 Novenber 1964, pp, Reopen) He Speeeid, torent Neve Legere Ariat." dauimal aura tet 19 December Wo,
[8770]116=20, : “Onvald Innocent? avy ‘imony by Marina Covald.” U.S, Neve ond Reve, als n
[8771]2 n Lane, Mark, tory; aumary of testimony by _— Be
[8772]. in feomtnere ete Um? mleee the aces te ere asonsaination of Preeldent * “lee oa ey 17 Fabewor,' ise, pe vO Lea Na Onveld Blogranhy. Yollywood: . :
[8773]John F, Kennedy.” in Gross, Gereld ed. The Pas. emaibiliey of the Press, tiew . er and Gene Ringgold, Ansnenin
[8774]Yorks | Flees pup 1956. , , Ht of he Pres Va Hanna, Rog dated Professional Services, 106
[8775]ne id . ° . Associa we tte. wee meee
[8776]‘elasion ‘revert; Pareffin teat mereliable; killing etiid a mystary.” Setence WeRbendn Be UE tae te Batsna et
[8777]wriatotter, 10 October 1964, p, 227,
[8779]13-00000
[8781]i . :
[8782]on erty . ot . a a i . . . . . oy i. i . coe! a a , : . ;
[8783]wo . . ae ; er ; * rd 9 Febrensy 1964,9
[8785]trae Laer sided grideoce ca® fevewech, 9 Decesbar 1963, pp, 364, - oo ep OY Rampton, Inerray. “sey, tent You Raow 2 a on Coarse dex Bepeeltss 3. '
[8786]: Killing Discussed.” Scteuce Revs ieee ees Bag tl? 2284s pe dhe obey ee ee Mebatlahsne the steno. fecetater, 2h Octaber 1966, p+ $06-$67.
[8787]‘wer eety Stowe desper aud deeper.” Usts Neve and Verda hetghs oe as, tewte, Ries Tebresty ists oe 0. ee
[8789]ry le le
[8791]eh 1964, p,: 4S, . ° :
[8792]@ Cone Against the Warreg Commission Ney Lente 7 rt, 30 Ma » Po 45, .
[8793]k * F 1965, pp. 5-10, se ; Story of Jack Wuby," fSatorvay Bveping
[8794]SEA ea gy nee aw ay a a i, tn a he” bt
[8795]Clea . ae . oa « e .
[8796]"Nchard Be Tee or aeiithtonsl Revier, 7 April 1964, p. 263, - oe i *"” Popa, Stefan. "Dalles 'Pasita'l Bine pa fuby, . |
[8798]-,
[8799]Sad Onvald. Kew York: Av . wnavcon, "Dallest Procesul Riby." 23 rebruary 1964, op.
[8800]Pa “mses Goveld Rddie, Saronet, March 1960 eb, ratay, “ ° “Public Relations Pirm Sete Prees Rulea for Muby’s Trial."
[8802]Ad
[8804]: Devel ae gp wisentk uw artiods, 25 August 1965 wo 28 Decesber 1963, p. 9. oa :
[8805]: ge terpaee ; ” adcasting, 23 Deceuber 1963, p. 56. thee I
[8806]’ eet Qevald:  Reaponaa_au Rapport Narren, Parts: Les Réitions de Miowt, - | “Redio-TV Barred from Ruby Trial, rpteeetteks eet Narch Sobh, ps m, wht
[8807]Ces , . .
[8809]“Radio-TV Nevanen Testify in Ruby
[8811]; i Spo ' Match 1967, pp. 26-31, Std
[8812], syenghent Molden, 1967, cot Ravere, a “Jack Buby! The Nefie’s Hen aa.” Saga, sec ° ". ,
[8813]Vee * and oni coe Tse Literary Supplesent, 27 March 1966, p
[8815]ree Report, Cleveland: World rats rm 6 . to. oma eath Wecdints A anacrocan.* tay and Bier, 21 March 1964, gs il.
[8816]. ih Rallans a Fev Loose Enda," Reporter, 2 January 1 : “Serean Teast.” Reweweek, 10 February + Pe a8,
[8818]mt "” Ney York Review 9 Boke. Betober 15 _ ocee Auby- . Rgium: Beckers, 1967
[8819]ee vysidi Mo Exchange of Lattere,”” Nev Tork Review of & + 6 October 1566, Satis yee ee sree erabehias pobtieatieg ty Veeerahenatiew of iuby's Teatioony
[8820]no 7 . 68-69
[8821]ogra asi arte ere nets Prk Pane trun, ain, = haere ne my Stage A 197,
[8823]April 1965, pp. 68-73, ° er.” Populer Scfenca, 7" » Jack Ruby, Mew York: Mev Americon Library, 1968,
[8824]eee ‘ating Waterta About Ovvald,” J ° _ - Worthdogess racers mine Linaltgatt Why Jack Ruby's Pirse Erial Couldn't Mappen Were.”
[8826]Jem. A Mother tn i jou . Atte. March 1965, pp, 173-176, Worthington, Pe Fe A A
[8827]. . Ein History, Londou: Cthatto Windus, 1966, a Heclean’s, 18 April 19 fe pps dnd, 1-81, 153-164
[8829]@ Strange Worid of Marguerite Oswald,” MeCali'! : ou ALL Know He! I'm Jack Ruby, Beguire, May 1967, pp. 2 .
[8831]World of Lee Oewald: More Light on ; oan ;
[8833]B, October 1965, pp. 122-113,
[8835]the As “
[8837]Report, 16 Decenber 1963, pp. 60-62, *metnation aS Hove end vorld
[8838]Mhy_Lee Harvey Cov. h
[8840]* Kenoeg we been scqu ut, sO P. QUESTION OF CONSPIRACY -
[8842]Fonasdy. Pe TF) |
[8843]» Kerry ¥, mald. Chicegot New Classics House 196s : . . .
[8844]rom iasien.t Kev Repuslie, 29 February 1964, pp. "4s, . : ' “any number can play: questica Shee eee ation vas the work of one en.” |
[8845]iid Gell pa on Sudaetanennet Oswald." Now Leader, 22 Nowesber 1985, pp. 16-21, . ; ak, 7 Novesbe ad a Mectear Accasein, let Haws and Produce thett
[8847]1963, Pe a9 nose Sumxing up of the Werren Report." Mew Stategnan, 12 March on Berendt, arp arf vom : 1967, sa ee ( thes Nenes ;
[8849]M - ° . . A ave . .
[8850]the Suni, Marguerite Osvald's Teatieony.” Nevaveek, ? Decenber 1964, PP. 28+308, : Basson, Waldenar, “ome 3 wae won Dallane War eine WerechvSrrung des Hasces am werk?”
[8851]Brrr ena Retr has : é ; Zeit, 19, a8. 39 a .
[8852]pp. $2039, 129-132, 13-135, Ne" YONt AFtOE Dallas.” Redbook! August 1970, . = ; dy?” New York: Putnan‘s, 1964,
[8854]Buchanan, Thomas G. Who kille ?
[8855]te antes wisn dio et i . e racso. Rio Seneirat J. Alvaro, 1964,
[8856]Columbiana, 1967 eee eh Sw a Onvats? Bogota: Editorial Revistal Carlos, Revton, A Senepliaces
[8858], Cutlar, Robert. &, e_ Fit 9s Ev of rai Beverly, Mess.t Omi-
[8860]Fe JAK Ruby : gamer tee Fly tpa » Danvers, Mess,t Mirror Press, 1971,
[8861]: . Davis, Nord, Jr. Dalles Conepiracy. lia, K.H.: The author. w.do
[8862]; : . Epaceia, Edward J, Cowmterplot. New Yorks Viking Presse, 1969, : en
[8863]asination: A Wonentity for History," Tim, 13 January 1967, pp, 16-27, Fairlie, RK. "Ko conspiracy but perhaps tvo assassins?” Nev York Tieze Magexines
[8864]Subille, “Verdfct on Jack Ruby," Life, 27. March 1963, pp. 32036, 348 W0A-71, 74, September 1966, pp. 52-354, preatdene Rene -
[8865]ivin H, and H.C, Carroll, Delian Justive. The Real Sto jack Ruby and Hie Coldverg, Arthur, Conspiracy Interpretations of the Agsessioation of en
[8866]aie he perk, David Kekay, 1966, C : International and Domestic, University of cee esttorie. I9Ee Studies. Project
[8867]r 6s, pe Se eaome Bot “ , . Angeles: University of ornia, e
[8868]Hebd 1964, p. 58, ane tele in Ruby Féttor and Publisher, 1 i Concet, P. re whom by 4 et Rennedy. Parist Presses “ ease
[8869]28, serton a May R12 tha ” StKosy, R Lucy Freenm, Tha Two Assassins, New York: Crowell, °
[8870]teil?” sundae” on an + Heptenber 1961, b Hemata tale wer war lannedye WGrdarl’ Die cait, 29, no. 15 (1964), 7. .
[8871]“Sento 7) aa § aceober 1368, p. 8, . . . ae Alli, Richard + end Charles 4%, Boujaan, “Mews Bifiwions « Test of the Ragularity
[8872]mantes The eae aes Jack Ruby fesl Magazine, April 1967, pp, 40-62, \ a Hypothents,” Jourvalign Quarterly, 41, va. 3 (1966), Te .
[8873]Ppr id a ‘ast Madness of Jack Ruby, Tis tew Republic, 11 February 1967, t " Sarp, Iewin, “Debate over Dallast pngeries of John Bparrow and Sylvia Meagher.
[8874]"heat; te Bony oof atur Raviev, 9 Merch 1968, pp. e
[8875]itd deat; test OF Jack Ruby to the.Warren Comission,” Time, 26 Auguse —_ «| Lauzon, Ac” “Onwald enteil tod Kannady?* Hackan’a, March 1964, pp, 2-2.
[8876]%o De le ° one .
[8878]~ “A Hatter of Reasonable Doubt." Reva azine, 28 Janvery 1967, pp, 19-26.
[8880]: Rava Magazine,
[8881]er. donne of Madneser People YO, Jack Ruby, ht aN ‘ : , " aman.” fweorica, ? Deceuber 196), p.. 722. ’
[8882]1968, sage aoa Hew Yorke Taltete, web, nyytheaharey mysteries ‘eathe of people involved in case,” Tipe, iu Rovesber 1966,
[8884]et and Wayne B, Giampietro, “the Trial of *State Canea*: A Postecript ‘ : " ne
[8885]7 . on th : pp. a
[8886]fbr Trial.” PePaul Lev Review, 16, 0, 2 (SpringeSummer 1967), 205-208, e "© “New Light on Second Asdessia Theory,” 0.8 and World pert, 29 may are uu,
[8887]test. “Defendant Ruby Will Meet the Chost-of a Long Dead Scott." Life, -. a," ite Opleans ond the Cubes: Who vas el eee eed ae ‘Deval ‘The Tiees,
[8888]22 February 1966, pp. 30-31. Life, Lo \ \ ‘
[8890]1967, p. 12, - .
[8892]onchia, The Truth about the Case of Jatk Ruby. Le Vértte , of : ria; who mucdered Kennedy?” Time, 25 Movesber 1966, pp. 3635.
[8894]fartas " Editima Casterein, 1967. Site Sur tetas de_ Jack Ruby i nena nth Renae jedigat™ Vacernji Sarajeveki 1iat, 24 Decesber 1964, pp. 2
[8895]“2 gua; preaature dimlocures,” Hceaveek, 33 July 1964, p. 50,0 : "Mire. take R. Vhor Wan Rack of Kennede'a Muder. Muerfeeeaboro. Tenn.t Sword o
[8897]13-00000
[8899]"ten ose dastgat™” Hanchents Genet
[8900]“the Cross Fire thet Rilie President
[8902]Men, Jo Lea Harvey Cevaid Act without Belpt™ fs
[8903]s Jaview, @, wo. 3 (1965), 466-467,
[8904]siete. Cos een alone,"
[8906]eo" Sealoe Scholeetie, 7 October 1964, pp. 9-20,
[8907]on, David mM, a ©KALL JPR, “Chicagot Hoval Books, 1965
[8908]band I
[8910]Pe sane a of the Cr
[8912]Rew Tork: Canyon
[8913]ly David and David Lifton, “the Case
[8915]“4
[8916]Ff
[8918]Reva md World
[8920]for Three Assasaine," Janvary ‘1967, PP. 7701005
[8921]® plot wes feared when Kennedy wae Shot," 6
[8922]_ 964, @ 7. . . :
[8924]6 Jenuary
[8926]"Ge SIM GARRtsoN
[8927]the elenents.® Neveveck, 10 Merch 1969, Pps 36H. | |
[8930]ry . a
[8931]ac of Jim Garrison's inves ation tnto the snsaseination of John P, Kenne.
[8932] EFtee of silence, Auetin: Research Tublicat one, 1968,
[8933]i, Ss. worries md Warren, Anything in Cumont” Waortty of One, October 1967,
[8934]. Pp. ll-i2,
[8936]\eeassination: Beurbea Street Rococo," Mee, 3 Merch 1969, p. 26,
[8937]tetnattons Biarory or Neadlines," Neweverek, 19 March 1967, pe 4u,
[8938]» damea. "The Carrteca Investigation: flow sad Why ic Bagen.
[8940]Nev Orlasne, April
[8941]1967, pp. 8-9, : ad
[8942]@ investigation of 9 plot te RS J7K,* Hewaveek, 15 May
[8943]‘» Milton EB, The _Carrison Case, New York: Clarksea K. Potter,’ 1969,
[8944]wal in Mow Orleane! Jim Garrison's Tovestigation.” Newnvec! o & March 3967, p. 32.
[8945]‘ase for Carrteca.” Hey York Review of Rooks, 14 Septesber 1967, ppe 19629,
[8946]© of Coneptracy,” Kevaveek, 3 April 13967, PP. 36-37, :
[8947]ag Inj Gaevison's unofficial chief inveatigzetor quite,” a, T July 1967, p. 17,
[8948]Je aad B.C, Chrise. “Hew Orlemat Act One.” Reporter, 6 April 1967, Ppe 17-20,
[8949]ing Sig Jin,” Neveveek, 17 March 1969, p. 105, . _
[8950]ius for the Mi physicians examine photographs and X-rays,” Reveweek, 27 January
[8952]me *
[8954]fies @ Rounds Jig Carrison's Tavestigation,” Mine, 24 March 1967, pp. 1218,
[8955]rp Ikeretion.” Tine, ? Merch 1969, pp, 22=23, .
[8956]3e Defendant.” Revewrek, 24 February 1969, Fe 33,
[8958]Millian ¥, 32, "the Praass Ite Actions and Reactions,” New Orleana, April 1967
[8959]pp. 1213, $2059, a °
[8961]\, Edwerd Jay “Caretson,” Hew Torker, 13 July 1968 35-40, 42, 49052 5656
[8962]* S860, 62-76, T9081 7 Phe Os Ay ‘ ‘
[8964]* the Hurricane," Rewaveek, 3 March 1969, pp. 26+,
[8965]‘Ga, Parla, Tha Rerme Conspiracy:
[8967]ty piracy: An uncomlasioned report on the jis Garrison
[8968]ineestigatton, New York: Meredith Prene, 1969,
[8969]a, Jim, A Heritage of Stone, New Yorks Putnan, 1970,
[8970]o "New Orleans Evidence; excerpts from statements,” yererter. 8 February 1968, p. 10.
[8971]on Under Fira." the Econontat, 25 Pebrus 6 a
[8973]ry 1967, p, 7
[8974]On va. the People, Tine, 14 Merch 1969, p. 29
[8976]o Alex. “Clay Shaw Tells ‘His Story,” Trenacript of TV loterview, Station WVUE,
[8977]Channel 12, New Orleans, 11 March 1969,
[8979]» “Jie Carrison Tells Ula Story," Tranccetgt of TV laterview, Station VUE,
[8980]Channel 12, Hew Orleans, 13 Karch 1969, - .
[8982]'ivable connivance, Tieg, 12 Jenuary 1968, p. 14,
[8984]ivelyne "‘Several Plota’ Claire District Attomay,” Sunday Tine s 26 February 1967,
[8986]losewary and Jack D, Wordlay, Plot
[8988]aumcey Tinea,
[8989]or Politica? The Carrision Cone and its CO ey
[8990]New Orleans: . Pelican Publications, 1967.
[8991]tJanchia, Th
[8993]£ Garrison Inquiry, Truth and Connequences, Londont Peter Davney, 1967,
[8994]ears Shaw," Senior Scholantic, 21 Harch 1963, n.
[8996]oma 1 e
[8997]Jones, Avarion, fentesque.
[8999].. An Account of the Cl. Shav-Jin Garria Atfatr the
[9000]City of ‘isw Orleans. Nev York: Simon and Schuatar, 1970, ‘
[9002]Isparitic dia Scene a lut Jin Carrtsun,": Jarman, 22 June 1967, pp. 97=100,
[9004]Who Lewed Kennet;," Zigt, 21 February 1969, p, 18,
[9006]Fe@ Reasen.” vein a ad
[9008]anedy Kurdert Buried Proof Of a Conspiracy?" Saga, April 1967,
[9009]BPs FON, 6-90, 92, 9496, veer ” °.
[9011]“Shutting Up Big Houth.” _
[9012]"+ “B£Etiog Pact From Fentesy: Use of Truth Drugs in Jim Garrison's tavestigation.” Tiss,
[9016]oo RES, aE
[9018]‘ Rogers, W. “Persecution of Cley Shaw.” seek, "26 August 1969, pp. 33-560
[9020]Me a ta the Dock,” 14 Pobruary 1969, pp. 26-29,"
[9021]' rer Orleans Piet" issien ioc, 16 April 1967, pp. 18°19.
[9023]* t @ converestion with the
[9024]Nordens Erne hoa orlooene Biepber, October 1967, yp. 34.
[9025]Me .
[9026]Nev Orleme! “The Vice Man Couath.“ SZatunter trening fost, # oa
[9027]1963, pp. 67-71, 42, ope 15-18. oa,
[9028]r <i Republic, 17 June 1967, pp. : .
[9029]fobertes'Cs” nt Cane of Jin Catviec eat eee Oowald,” fee tort Tlane Megesine, 22 tay
[9030]1967, pp. 32-35, tee :
[9032]Eubattiod District Attorpey
[9034]bl k, 3 February 1969, p. 33, . .
[9035]nshuteton op tee » 23 August 1967, pp. A851,
[9036]“Sideshows in Nev Orleans.” Tine, 31 Sanuary 1969, p. 40.° .
[9038]31 March 1967, 9. 41, , ;
[9040]e
[9041], "Sleight of Hend: Jin Garrison's Assassination Tnvestigation Estendse to FBE end CIA.
[9043]‘affaire Hanchester.” Triush Senvary 1967, 9. 7.
[9044]"L'affe e Bare
[9046]R
[9047]* Cunliffe, Marcus, “A courtier's obsequies,” (Review of Death o resident), Rew
[9049]‘ fumer, witites'y, "Gatticon Commission on the Assassination of Preaident Kennedy.0e”
[9050]Rea: .
[9052]Young, Roger.. “The lavestigation:
[9054]hy 22 Hay 1967, pe 60.
[9055]“batting eS Nevevsek, 27 January 1969, Ppe 27-28,
[9057]Snith, Merriam, “Jie Ge and Hila Sources of Evidence," Henchester Cuardien, 18 Nar
[9058]1967, p. 7. ..
[9059]ison.” a ist, 25 March 1967, p. 1245,
[9060]wh Teste. for tonspicac See ek, 20 Merch 3967) p.. 26.
[9062]“Thickening the Plot: Judges support Jin Garrison"@ Plot Theory.” Heveveek, 27 Merch 1967
[9064]tT 41,
[9065]. Razpacte, January 1968, p.
[9067]'e Fovneeh, 3 July 1967, p, 82. .
[9068]wit Caen eee of Perry Russo,” Nevay: 24 February 1969, p. 33.
[9069]“What Garrison Proved." New 8. 15 March Pe 8.
[9071]te Lt Stends Today.” New Orjeens, July 1967, pp. a
[9073]appa dent,
[9074]book look at the facta; concerning Fis Sage of 2 President,
[9075]“m the by Willian Menchesters” ns Hews and World rt, uaty 1967, pp. 30-52,
[9076]“the Assassination, The Book.” Newaweek, 10 April 1967, pp. ine 220.
[9077]“The Assassinations Who Can Understand Tet” . 16 Jancary 4 0 PRe Mate
[9078]“Battle of che Book; Manchester's The Death of : Passtlent, Tine. 23 Decesbe ,
[9080]Pp. 15-18,
[9082]Reanatt, Arnold. ckies id ty The St iiees, Mew York
[9083]- Bea Line Books, °
[9085]“hook thet backfired; conceming Death of a Pre: en by Willfem Manchester." U.S, eve
[9086]Pe .
[9088]Caftere, Gis Phanches oF bok Allagpen Cow’ Dey JFK Killed." Biectrontc Hows, 3 Apri
[9090]Connon, Jones "tad Bare Kooner, “Manchester's Orn Story.” Meveweck, 30 Januasy 1967,
[9092]Grerchiti,/ Randolph 8, "The Hanchester Book," fhe Times, 13 February 1962, pe 43, 16
[9094]colt, Margarer Le” Moreen 2, 1963," Saturday devise, 18 2erth Ts poe Sede
[9096]cette Heathens Techalquee™’ ponite Relation son i, April 1587, poe 11s,
[9098]Cooke, Alistair, "Freeh Shots in ook Battle,” Manchester Guardian, ty
[9101]7, Pe %
[9103]edy Suffers Crief Sha Sought to Avotd,” Manchester Guardian, 2h
[9104]Decewber 1966, p. 7.
[9106]Cory, Js "Mancheater Affair," Saturday Review, 9 September 1967, p. 61,
[9108]s Yo 580-581,
[9109]. Fcattent; Prenrnes tees the Annual Report of the Librariza
[9110]; froa tha Introduction to the
[9111]“Death of oF Congres fee eee eee Year Ending June 4). 1964." Lihrary Journal. Ansust
[9113]“shact Plight frie Dalles,“
[9115]Peatherstone,
[9117]vote ‘2 zkiy, 30 Jenssry 1967, pp, 88-89, =
[9118]teXbradeh the Hes. Ranpody Juatifted in Sringtes seret® Setetday Review,
[9119]ve "2 Jenmecy 2967, pr. 16-21, .
[9121]tardvick, Elfesbeth, "Blow Op.” Kew Tort Review of Books, 20 April 1967 o 12612, ve
[9122]w Bits "Strtala of Coveremat ia tGreteleon Bettie Between thd fennsty sattp an
[9124]wet V, Manchester," eek, & February 1967 20, . ; ae
[9125]‘the Moliday Split," Revesae! Sect "January 1967, pe 25,07. P° 8 ee
[9126]Row to Lees a Pratt Long vow over Manchester's Bock,” Hewaveak, 6 Pebruary 1967,
[9130]Im the Rours After Dalleat the Book and the Testinonys Concerning The Neath of » President, :
[9131]ous. by Wa, menchester,” U.S, News end Vor'd Report, 20 Pebruary 1967, pp. 51-52.
[9132]‘Jacqualine Kennedy's Victory, Neveveck, 2 January 1967, pp. 16-19,
[9134]oratea, Joachin, Cane Againgt the Kenme fle, Munich) The author qedg
[9136]stp, Irvin, “the Author's Right to Write." Saturday Review, 21 January 1967, pp. 28-29,
[9138]The Xemedys: Temporary Cease Fire," Newaveek, 9 January 1967, pp. 20-21, :
[9139]opkind, Aadrew, Keanady Pook Battle,” few Statesnen, 30 Dacesber 1966, p, 956,
[9141]cones, Reward, "Jacqueline B. Kennedy Plaintifiese” Nevaveek. 26 Decenber 1966, pp. 39043
[9142]tasener, Paul, “The Parte That mee left Out of the xesmee eee f iss, .
[9144]Kean Buok, > May 1!
[9145]Pre 2, 18, edy Bealioe, May
[9147]leagor, Pater. "A Brilliant Mosaic of Evente." Panorana Magazine, 8 April 1967, p. 3,
[9148](ttle, Stuact ¥, “Birth Pains of « Book.” Saturday Review, 9 Septeuber 1967, p. 61,
[9149]man, A. “JPKt the Stained Class Image.” American Herita, Se August 1967, pp, 407,
[9150]mmeemmo “Outdoor Life and the Benth of a Freeidentt William Manchester Charges Sutdoor Lite
[9151]with Hard Sofled Callousness Toward a National Tragedy." Outdoo Life, October e
[9152]mehester, Williaa, "Willian Manchestar'a Own Story," Jook, 4 April eT, Pp. 62-66,
[9153]‘aachester Book: Dewpite Plave end Eerpr, a Story That is Larger than Life or Death,” dine,
[9154]°F Apetl 1967, pp, 22-23, . ;
[9155]‘aghet, Sylvia, “After the Battle, The Book,” The Minority of One, June 1967, pp. 25, 27,
[9156]‘rae Kennedy Reaches Accord with Harper & Row and Willian Manchester." Publishers Meekly,
[9157]23 January 1967, 9, 272, tS
[9159]vins, Allen, “Gargantuen, Honest and Useful, but eo exasperating.” Panorama Magazine,
[9160]8 April 1967, pp. 2-3, .
[9162]crrald ells me Private Crief of Public Figures," - Saturdey Review, 21 January 1967, pp,
[9163]3
[9165]Aqueles Spreading Controversy," Time, 6 January 1967, pp. 16-17, .
[9167]etman, George. “Ihe Book of the Century." This Weck Hapazin » 7 Janusry 1967, pp. 6=?,
[9169]fan, Richerd M "Note: Gutle and Depth Reactiun to the Death o President," :
[9170]Paycloenalyti Review, Pall 1966, Pp. 81-82,
[9172]lase, Gay. "The Corry Tapers.” Faquire, June 1967, pp. 24+,
[9174]> Help You Xeep che Record Straight shout that Book; Concerning The Death ofa President,
[9175]by Vm, Mencheater,” U.S, News and World Report, 6 February 1967, Pp. 66-67,.
[9177]alia, wicholaee “Just Read the Neva, Mr, Manchester, Nev Statesman, 23 April 1967,
[9178]PP. 5479548, . .
[9180]“hema, Darbara 4. "The Historien's Opportunicy,” Saturday Review, 25 February 1967,
[9181]Pp. 27, 31, 71, .
[9183]Calder, Lovrtace. The Uotold Story: vhy the
[9184]4mord Books, 1567, :
[9186]ere vas 'O"Domeli?* Zine, 17 February 1967, pe 78,
[9188]do va, authors coacerning V, Manchester's feath of « President.” Sentor Scholeatic,
[9189]>; & January 1967, p. 16, : :
[9191]la, Cary. "Manchester's Upheaval." National Catholic Reporter, 29 March 1967, p, 10, .
[9193]‘hem, Yeamcis, “Mencheater and the Kennedys." Sunday Times, 15 January 1967, p. 10, ..
[9195]T. LYNDON BAINES JouNsON
[9197]he Book Battle, New Yorks
[9199]ning Rift of LAY end reanedyt Behind the Furor ovar a Book, Concetuing the Death of
[9200]. Sdzrsident, by va, nanchester,” USy Neve and Vorid Repore, 2 January 1967,
[9201]. PP. 22027, .
[9203]‘Ty Je Evattn. A Texan Looks at Lyndon: A Stu, in IJegttinace Pover, Canyon, Texas:
[9204]-. Pate Pero Preas, 1964,
[9206]‘ten, Juachin, Tha Cane /painst tyrdon 3. Jchmnon tq. the fanassination of Presidene
[9207]Seriondy. (Nup.y The author, 1967, .2Z vols.
[9209]ware Tue berk Side af Lyndon 9. Johnsen, Londont Peter Devnay, 1966,
[9211]mon, LIB, berrape to the Tevncracr tiie os Batiaen eee
[9213]douegh, o Hew Repub tc, 22 sprit 1967, pp, 20022, te
[9214]teins Armold be “Fea Legal Right of Privacy.” Baten Review, 21 Januaty 19876 pp, 28-21, at
[9215]“Yond Over t, Ictensifies ap Kanchestar Attacks Kennedy Femily and Aida," -:
[9217]'
[9218]i
[9222]my
[9224]. .
[9225]" "ha 450,000 said farevell to Or, King.” U8, Neve and World Report, 22 April 1968, al
[9227]om ton.” Tine, 12 April 1968, pps 18-2he :
[9228]. Aaseasization according to Capote, "Tine 10 Mey 1966, p. $3,
[9230]a ae oo 2, 23° Tune 2968,
[9231]dedngon, U3,’ "President's Proeienation, June , 1968," Viral Speeches, 25° tune ,
[9233]-1963,:p. 14
[9234]ene Kennedy. olast Dacerber .
[9235]taabaly # Uatchete "eg Che Beat the, eodeat SP aie eee Tete ta igh
[9237]on PP ’e e eat 1970, pe 41.” co :
[9238]aaa ‘tredyne Reancay on ew Yorks “ainehart & Winston asd, secenes
[9239]. KeRaynolda, D, “Nev York Latterr Facbeth 4a the Waite House." Bgcurdey Night, Decent
[9241]1066, pp. 22623,
[9243]etl, wea . a
[9245]Og! We MARTIN UDR RNG
[9246]| toot : ea
[9248]U . . .
[9249]ot . . ea ; : — 7
[9250]aed iddter y mea w. " Life, 26 April 1968, po 428.
[9251]Prong Stade hasuctna yp ane ceed eyes ond J o Martin Luther King, Jeo" Anerica,
[9252]+4 May 1968, pe 624,
[9254]8 .
[9255]“Aasaseination shacks nations with quotations," 25 April £968, pp.
[9256]8-19,
[9258]arene, rdoa Oe)
[9259]7 . of ML, King.” Ebony, May 1968, p. .
[9260]pennette ety” wna My ant A Stograghy of MX oy feagot Johason Pub. Cas, inet
[9261]“Big Hunt for ayetery killer. S, Neva md world Re get, 29 Aorih poets ibe,
[9262]The Stranre Case of Jaura Ear. Ray,
[9263]tocestion e et ; ¢ Murder in Meaphia, (N.py Merit Publications, 1968, tees ads
[9264]Brovn, Mra, Julia, Please Den't lelp Slority facets Luther King, Pgeirer aot so hee
[9265]; i Martin Luthar King. nal, 6
[9266]Gherkes SW end Seu. towin” “mtow Southern Children feit t King's Death.” Trens-Act
[9267]. » 1968, pp. le : .
[9268]"peapening cyetery of Bee Ring's Asaaseinet{ioa," AB, News and World Report, 27 Hay
[9269]“Did Ray mast falar “Hatfonal Review, 23 April 1968, pps 3764,
[9271]Review, 23 April 1968, pp. 376+, . a
[9272]Mpocter Ring's senior ans e'qanctons nunads.®” Uist hewn and Would Report, 24 Wareh 1
[9274]Halversten, "Are you guilty of qurdering Martin Luther Xing?* Hew York Tiges Magarin.
[9275]1968 27-294, .
[9276]Rute, va Stary of Sense Earl Ray end the plot to sesassinate Martia Luther Kicg. &
[9277]° 26 Noverber 1968, pp. 96-97+,
[9279]‘Rude, MW, 8, at ol, "Why James Zack Rey Murdered Dr, King.” Look, 15 April 1969, pp.
[9281]104,
[9283]“Janes Ray: wenhunt ends but wysteries ranaia,” B.S, Neve end World Report, 24 dune 1968
[9284]36 .
[9286]Ppe K-36, . 38,
[9287]"King Nevaveek, 15 April 1968, pp, 34-
[9288]toast, Ladle, ome mals va Man, Loe Angelest Hollovay Rouse, 1968,
[9289]1968, p. 21.
[9290]wmaeeis eenes Rit tha aight to knows" fyeaise» a2 aren 1969, p. 323.
[9291]Mos Coumant," New Yorker, 13 April 1968, pp. °
[9292]e'merys s nrestest SEE lw Saforceneet history." Reader's Digest, August, 196
[9293]ave ,
[9295]renteivied * 21 March 1969, pp. 16-27,
[9296]bel *a plea of goiity." Tne, » PPe .
[9297]wrasetieoe to the alaytag of Martin Luthar King; symposium," America, April 13968, La
[9298]534-536, : ‘9 .
[9299]i jo turbing parallels.” Ramparts, 28 January 1969,
[9300]Matters, et ah "esha terest and points North,“ Nation, 22 April 3968, PPo 529-535,
[9302]“Where fe Janes Earl Ray?” Nevaveek, 29 April 15968, p. 21,
[9304]killed King?” Revnweek, 22 April 1968, np, 31-33,
[9305]wwe Killed King" Tiaeeie' April 1968, ppe 20-21.
[9306]“Widening Search,” Time, 19 April 1968, p. 20.
[9307]“Willard, Galt, Ray?
[9309]: National Review, 7 May 1968, p. 432, , a
[9310]im Woodbury, R. "Murder clucse hand printe, @ car chase ond 6 silly entle.” Life, 19 april
[9312]68 40-404 . et
[9313]"Yaar laters honors for Dr. King} violence, toa." U.S. i and World Report, 1& Ap
[9314]1969. a. &.
[9317]13-00000
[9319]AUS, RODERT 7, KnOGDY
[9321]“tha Accused! Ray amd Sirhan." 14 , , tho, .
[9322]"Afteraath of a traneays boy's a. epee tesa
[9324]te, & senna: “ ;
[9325]in MY June 1968, pp 2s-aee + A senator slain.” 0,3, News and World Report,
[9327]nericen Beritage, Editors of, AVR: fle Life and Desth. mew ¥
[9329]Robby Kennedy Record,” B.S, Kevs_ and Vorld Report, 6 May Prete sos wee
[9330]Febbyt To be or Mot To Ba, Neveveek, 29 January 1968, pp. 18-19, °
[9332]ackley, WiFay te “Reflections oo the Siraha trial,® Rational Review, 12 March 1969,
[9334]terdd, Joba, "Meaner of Speaking; TY cove: cave: .
[9336]non 2 tne 1968, po 37. rage aod rodio coverage." Saturday Review,
[9337]‘laahieg syabola." Reveveck, 14 July 1969 Pp. 35+,
[9339]Pim Copectence of RYE.” Reporter, 22 Pebraary 1963, j
[9340]woke, Terence J, "Balogy to Robert lieetea’s
[9342]?. Kean i Fone tad
[9343]Speeches, 1 July 1968, pp. S47-5ehe ered SE the Ponaral.” Vital
[9345]wath of 4 Democrat,” Acertca, 19 July 2969, p. 22,
[9347].
[9348]. Toledmo, Ralph. BPX, _The Man Vie Vould Be President, tow Yorks G.P. Putuan’s fone,
[9349]. er enn aad REE .
[9350]snood, B.L. "Siren through tha look. lens;
[9351]weet ison ae ing Silene; cestinony Of peychtatriat.” Tee, &
[9352]‘1a Bobhy Eermady Have a Chance!® Saturd, Evening Font, 20 April 1968, 88,
[9353]sthesty, Richaid, "New Yorkatn Weep as Fast Frien ay Loe Angeles
[9354]Lisras,} doe 1968, oe. 1, 2. 7 “S mtera with Body. —
[9355]nstoaa, BY 9 Trt Court Appearances Suspect Gives 1 $ {
[9356]Coa fidence. * Le _fogelen Tins, 9 June 1968, Pe 1, ree Sock7e arrogant
[9357]slandly prone oo the vay to a Rostiva; with rte b: .
[9358]Ltfn, 14 Jome 1968, pp. 32-420, mre 7s Netewrtehe and Te Be Witte,
[9359]‘Aamo, Joo J. “Prothar Delive
[9361]rs Eulogy for * onl ,
[9362]9 dee 1968. pr tease sy for ‘Gocd aad Decent Hen'."' Loe Anzeles tines,
[9364]“Min, R48. "Ney ta we,” Fecatin, Jone 1970, pp, 30+,
[9365]ersten, Devid. “Travels wit’ Bobby Keoaedy," “are: ra, July 1968, pp. Si-61,
[9366]i Mal. "Iadiene: A Test for Bobby." New Tork Tiwen Feratine, § May 1968, pp. 32-99,
[9367]o Gladwin, “Kenedy Stete “Patresmcly Critical’; Stapect, Arab Tmaigrant, Arraigoed;
[9368]—_ nape eat pees faand on Condidates,° Few York Tinen, 6 Juse 1968, pp. 1, 20.
[9369]° DATS, at an Insider's dmalyaia, Serrineral, 22 Rovenber 1968, pp.
[9371]5 Sre Ana:
[9372]*Ston, wee As cial Unit Senator: 87K Minination. Mew Yorks; Rendom Bows
[9374]" Meoyp Comeptracteat” Hinartey of fen, Septexber 1948,
[9376]; Ww £ pp. 9, 16,
[9378]“fe wee Fennedy: the Odds," "0.5, Rewn ond Yorld Rep xt 23 April 1968, pp. 28-30,
[9379]*ndible Tear of "68: fear of Shocks Life, 1D Joousry 1969, pp. 30-37,
[9380]tide onorr ee lateat Bobb-I3) break, U.S, Neve ned World feport, 1 April 1968,
[9382]‘30, Codtrey, Why Rohere Kennedy weg Killed, Sew York: Third P
[9384]1 5, 1968" (a pen), Sen, October 196A, pp. 12-13, rene 9%.
[9386]7 ve. Sithea.* Hrumrsk, 5 Key 1969, pp. 36h, :
[9388]ot, Prbect Alain, "Conrersations in jail with Sirh
[9389]. ery 1963, pp. 20-25.
[9391]— cic. Rew York: Grove Press, 1970,
[9393]aul, Joho. "Kennedy Vase Each of his 42 yeara count.”
[9395]wa, @ Dame Meaning Wolf," Life,
[9397]ae ine Morelos Siren, 7 Jme 1968,
[9398]‘yy, Troan 2 “the Fire of your Love (Jiume S, 1968),* Averica, 15 Juna 1966, beck
[9400]“wy Condi dacy,® Fiatien Century, 2? March 19 is Pp. 380+,
[9402]Seanedy Caune." hey Beruzife, 15 June 1968, pp. 3-4,
[9404]dea Thank Kation far Frovidiog them Wich bl
[9405]* Tote peeae ee , 7 e Wich Strength and Hope.” fev Tork Tiree, 16 June
[9407]» Paes. “Suspent called cals and lucid...Stthi dese
[9408]. d eae Tibea hin.
[9410]\a-Jeramalen.” Martork Tims, 6 June 1568, pp. 1, 21, Sif os Jordanian born
[9411]nes father,” Time, i} March 1969, p, 17,
[9412]t, Tea, °Prentident acts Sund .
[9413]ee De Sar sen HERE fe 5 Sunday an dey for mourning." Lon Anrelen Tinea. 7 tune 1nc0
[9415]ady Asnsasinatioa: religion overtones." Christian Tcdry, 23 June 1968, p, 19.
[9417]the death of Kexnady." Commormal, 28 Juse 1968, BPs A2%~ .
[9419]1968, pe. 27. ;
[9421]Hassochenetts Review, Seaner 1968, pps. 378-SOR
[9422]drinking, the Mefia, Frack Sinatra, Gomes,
[9423]Seanedy. intervie édited by Oriens Palleci.” Lock, 26 Dacesbar 1967,
[9425]E
[9427]”. mahdd, MT, Kennedy end . New Yorks Sew World Presa, 1968,
[9428]Hoore, 7. “ARE oy ca ee Stee EP ava Nacia, 26 Detober 1963, pre 6%
[9430]“Mother and eon," 17 Pebreary 1569, p. 33. oe ;
[9431]Muggeridge, Malcole, ation of Senator A.¥, teanedy.” Poquire, Rovesbar 1968,
[9433]. - PP. Ll, .
[9435]Navesky, Victor, “Sobert 7. Kennedy, Martin L. King, J.2. Soover = who did i¢ to wheal
[9436]. ..  Atlentic, Movenber 1970,
[9438]“Hew clues ia RPK deaths van there o plat?” 0,5, Reve mud Vorid Report, 24 June 1968,
[9440]%,
[9441]Nevield, ack, "Kemedy Leye Out @ Cet Campaign.” Lite, 20 March 1968, pp. 28-31.
[9442]“Notes and Comment," Rew Yorker, 15 ar} 1968, pp. 21-2
[9443]women, New Yorher, 22 June 1966, Pe
[9444]O'Kesskar, Karl, “Sowa the Primary Stretch, from tndiens to Oregon.” Notion, 27 Ray
[9445]1968, pp. 682. -
[9446]once Again, Once Agata.” Keveweek, 17 June 1968, pps 2
[9448]. 'e
[9449].. Osborne, John, “Hebreska Prieaty, the ife, onda, od bute,” Rew Republic, 18 May 1968,
[9451]19, .
[9452]“ocher Sirhan test tammy Of prosacetion's psychiatrist,” Reweveek, 14 April 1969, pp.
[9454]. io
[9456]“Paychfatry on trial.” Mationel Review, 6 Mey 1969, pp. 427-428,
[9458]Reaves, Richard, “The Making af © Condidete 1968," Nev York Ties Nagarine, 31 March
[9459]1968, pp. 25-27.
[9461]Baich, Ken. "HcCarthy Suspenda Political Activitien; Aske Prayer Vigil.” Los Apgeles
[9462]Tinea, 6 June 1968, p.8 18, ’
[9464]Raichley, A.J, "He's Raming Miceelf Out of the Race." fortune, March 1968, pp. A12-1i-
[9466]"APR." Guriatien Century, 83 (1968), 07-000, tre te .
[9468]“RFKs The Bob Kennedy ve nev," Look, Juna entire issue, : :
[9470]“RPEL the man, the dtaen, the trageie® U.S, Mews and Morld Report, 17 June 1968, pps
[9473]Riceman, David, "McCarthy and Kennedy,” Kew Republic, 13 Apri 1968, pp. 22-23.
[9475]“Robart F, Kennedy and the Negro,” fhony, July 1968, pp. 29-32. :
[9477]Rodarte, $.V, “Sichan B, Sirhan literary negotietions,” Faquire, Novesher 1970, pp.
[9478]1dke1d44,
[9480]Rogers, Warren, “Bobby's Deciaion,” Look, 16 April 1966, pp, 72-80,
[9482]Rogers, Warren ang Stanley Tretick, "The Bob Kennedy ve Knew." Look, 9 July 2968, ppe
[9483]eM,
[9485]Rovere, Richard H, “Letters {rom Washington.” New Yorker, 15 June 1968, pp. 9096.
[9487]Scheer, Robert. “The Might Bobby Died.” arte, 10 August 1968, pp. 56-58,
[9489]Schlesinger, Arthur M. "Why I am for Kennedy.” New Republic, 18 May 1968, pp. 39-40, .
[9491]"Second thoughta on Bobby.” Tine, 21 Jue 1964, p. 48.
[9493]"Selectivity in Los Angeles,” Tine, 3 January 1969, p. 40,
[9495]Shiheb, Aziz, Sirhan. San Antonia: Reylor Co., 1969,
[9497]“Shock of violence hite the campaign,” Suatness Week, 8 June 1968, ppe 38-42.
[9499]“Sirhan guilty.” Sentor Scholaacie, 2 Mey 1969, 9. 19.
[9501]"Sichan takes the stand,” Neveveeh, 17 March 1969, p, 37,
[9503]“Sichang tragedy of the absurd.” Nowaveek, 24 March 1969, ps 324.
[9505]"Sishan's traces testimony of psychiatrist.” Nesaveeck, 7 Apcil 1969, p. 37.
[9507]“Sirhen's Verdict." Time, 25 April 1969, pp. 21-22. .
[9509]"Socking it to ‘em: Travels vith Bobby.” Time, 5 April 1968, pp, 22-23." :
[9511]Sorensen, Theodore G. “RFK: a Peracnal Memoir.” Saturday Review, 22. June 1968, pe 19.
[9512]" Stoinbecker, John. AM: Tha Hen, the Myeticlan, the Nurder. Loe Angeles: | Import
[9514]Publishers, 1969,
[9516]“T.R.B. from Washington; who's guilty,” Hew Republic, 15 June 1968, p. 2.
[9518]“Taking the oath,” Nevaveek, 25 August 1969, p. 47. : ;
[9520]“Test cane; responses Co psychological teats,” Newaverk, ? Anil 1969, pp. 94-95.
[9522]“Three Aanassinations.” Kinority of One, 10, no, 9 (1968), 1-16,
[9524]“Toward the Gas Chander." Tian, 2 May 1969, p. 19. _ . ,
[9526]Tomsond, Dorothy, "Witnens Reporte Girl said ‘We Shot Hin'.” Los Anrelee Tinen. 6 tuna
[9529]13-00000
[9531]28
[9533]"serdicr on Stzhen.” Mewrvesk, 28 April 1969, pp, 41+,
[9534]Weiss, PF, and M, Mernnes. "Reflections on a tragedy.” Savanteen, August 1968, pp. 294—
[9536]395.
[9537]“nat wae in Sirhas's mind?“ Tine, 26 January 1969, p. 54.
[9538]Weick, Pacl R. “The Cregon Privary.” New Renublic, & June 1968, pp. Af-15.
[9540]“Sin or lesa, the Primary Players.” Life, 7 June 1968, pp. 35-43,
[9541]Wiee, David. “Hew Bobby Plans to Wis te" Saturday Evening Post, 2 June 1968, pp. 23-27.
[9542]"Wirnesses speak.” Nevsveek, 24 June 1968, pp. 26°27,
[9544]Yeakum, Robert, “Kennedy and McCarthy: 1965-1967 Voting Record.” Nev Republic, 12 May
[9546]3968, pp. 2-27.
[9548]oo
[9551]13-00000
[9553]6
[9555]It's the first lie detector that
[9556]can be used on a dead
[9557]man. It works on tapes and
[9558]other voice recordings
[9560]9
[9562]by George O'Toole
[9564]if If .
[9565]Tre rulers of the state are the only ones who should have the privilege of lying, either
[9567]at home or abroad; they may be allowed to lie for the good of the state.
[9568]—Plato: The Republic, Book Three
[9570]It's a little frightaning. The machine can listen to what you're saying and tell, with
[9572]~ a high degree of reliability. whether or not you are lying. It's called the Psychological .
[9574]Stress Evaluator, and it is, in effect. a lie detector. Unlike the polygraph, it needs
[9576]: 0 physical connection to the subject; therefore it can be used without his knowledge.
[9577]‘ft works from recordings of his voice, so anything on tape, sound track or phonagraph
[9579]record is fair game for the machine. It is the first lie detector that can be used on
[9581]-adead man.
[9583]Early thig year, one of these instruments came into my hands. I resolved to use
[9584]it to probe one of the darkest mysteries of recent history, the assassination of President
[9585]John F. Kannedy. | set about collecting every recording | could lay my hands on
[9587]_of anyone who had any direct knowledge of the affair. Soon | had compiled the tape-
[9589]recorded testimony of twenty-two persons—eyewitnesses, Dallas policemen, the
[9590]pathologist who conducted the autopsy, members and staff of the Warren Commission,
[9591]Jim Garrison, Clay Shaw, and even Ear! Warren.
[9593]| ran the lapes through the PSE systematicaily, taking each controversial point in
[9595]‘turn. Did the rifle which balonged to Lee Harvey Oswald kil! President Kennedy?
[9597]Was Oswald the killer? Were others involved? What of those mysterious autopsy photo-
[9598]graphs which the Warren Commission never saw-—do they support the Commission's
[9599]lone-gunman, single-bullet theory? And what about the Warren Commission itself?
[9600]Did its members conspire to cover up the truth?
[9602]Stowly a picture emerged. It is blurred, and it is not the picture | expected. Not
[9603]all the details are there, but | guarantee this: you may believe the lone-gunman theory
[9604]of the Warren Report, or you may believe the government-conspiracy theory of Mark
[9605]Lane, Jim Garrison and others, but either way you are wrong.
[9607]The PSE is not a crystal ball. it was invented as an interrogation aid, a function
[9608]it pertorms weli. To my knowledge, this was the first instance of its use as a tool
[9609]for historical research. To understand what! did with.the PSE, one should know some-
[9610]thing about the device itself. .
[9612]| first heard of the Psychological Stress Evaluator last year, when | met two of
[9613]its inventors, Allan D. Bell, Jr., and Charles R. McQuiston. Bell and McQuiston, both
[9614]former lieutenant colonels, retired from Army Intelligence several. years ago to form
[9615]a company cafled Dektor Counterintelligence and Security, Inc. twas a logical second
[9616]career for the two men. Both are experts in the technology of espionage. Either one
[9617]could pick the lock on your front door in less time than it takes you to find your
[9618]key. Colonel Bell wears a Black Belt in karate, is an accomplished swordsman and
[9619]small-arms expen, and has a dozen inventions to his credit, from anti-bugging devices
[9620]toa miniaturized microdot camera. Colonel McQuiston is one of the foremost polygraph
[9621]expertsinthe U.S., aspecialist in radio and audio surveillance, and a qualified locksmith.
[9624]13-00000
[9626]polygraph. Standard polygraphs
[9627]ure four variables: pulse,. blood pres-
[9629]respiration arid perspiration. Some:
[9631]neasure additional physiological yati-
[9632]Tha more variables measured, the
[9633]raiiable the polygraph.
[9634]i and MeGuiston discovered that the
[9635]sncies composing the human voice
[9636]at fixed: they shift very siightly from
[9637]to fourteen times every second. But
[9638]ihe speaker is under stress, this nor-
[9639]requency modulation disappears.
[9640]remains are thea pure component fre-
[9641]cies of tha voice. And a strong indica-
[9642]rat the sseaxer is lying.
[9643]2 two men developed a device to
[9644]tthis phaacmanon and planned to use
[9645]an add:tiona! “channel” on the poly-
[9646]. Then trey discovered that the new
[9647]sale was so reiiaole and accurate a
[9648]ure of psychnatogical stress there was
[9649]no nees ts measure the other poly-
[9650]variad‘ss.
[9651]2d from the racessity of strapping the
[9652]ct inio a chair. stretching a@ pneumo-
[9653]ic tube 2c°Os8 his cnest, gluing elec-
[9654]ito his paims. and ciamping his arm
[9655]blood-pressure cuff, the PSE proved
[9656]much rno-e versatile than the poly-
[9657]. Because it can work from a tete-
[9658]! or tape recorder, the PSE can be
[9660]zal presence of the subject.
[9661]<ed Colors: Bell to tell me about some
[9662]things the PSE was being used for,
[9663]ially cases in which a conventionat
[9664]‘aph couidn’t be used. He. mentioned
[9665]S police i in Howard County, Maryland,
[9666]ween using the PSE for two years; they
[9667]1ad great success in establishing the
[9668]2nce of suspects who were afraid to
[9669]tto a polygraph examination because
[9670]machine's forbidding aspect.
[9671]| went on to describe some of his
[9672]ion’s other uses, actual or potential.
[9673]‘and the Federal government are ex-
[9674]jz its use as a defense against skyjack-
[9675]id telephoned bomb threats, and as
[9676]ns.of speeding up customs inspec-
[9677]Some doctors and psychiatrists are
[9678]PSEs to study patients’ physica! and
[9679]| stress. The National Committee to
[9680]igate Aerial Phenomena, a private
[9681]that investigates UFO reports, is
[9682]3ing the PSE to interview witnesses
[9683]) sightings.
[9684]ed Beli if he would lend me a PSE
[9685]zriment with, in order to writa a piece
[9686]the device. He agreed, with two con-
[9687]. First, | must take Dektor's three-day
[9688]in operating the instrument; second,
[9689]ssing the PSE, | must review my
[9690]station of its output with his staff, in
[9691]srest of accuracy. This seemed rea-
[9692]e, $0 | agreed.
[9693]sourse was held in the meeting room
[9694]oliday Inn in Falls Church, Virginia.
[9696]ght otherstudents.were employees .
[9698]tomers who had purchased the
[9699]. These included a private detective
[9700]tin Pennsylvania, a New York chain
[9702]ew Oe
[9704]African country. The. instructor was Mike
[9705]Kradz, a criminologist anc retired police
[9706]officer. Kradz projects tre tough-cop
[9707]image, bul he is a living rebuttal to the Po-
[9708]lisn joke. Tiere is nothing about forensic
[9709]science. from fingerprints to polygrapny. on
[9710]which the man is not an eapert.
[9712]The first morning of the course was
[9713]devoted to the physical operation of the
[9714]PSE. Tne device is used.in conjunction with
[9715]a Uher tape recorder. whicn has four speeds
[9716]and can be manually. wound back to locate
[9717]a particular point on the tape. The testimony
[9718]to be evaluated is recorded at a tape speed
[9719]of 7¥2 inches per second, therrplayed back
[9720]and stopped at the beginning of the utter-
[9721]ance in question. The recorder is slowed
[9722]to 1516 inches per second and piayed. The
[9723]sound, no longer recognizable as a human
[9724]voice, is a long, low rumbie.
[9726]The PSE itself is built into an attaché case.
[9728]‘The case opens to reveal a chart drive. sim-
[9730]ilar to an electrocardiagraph, and a number
[9731]of buttons and knobs. A single cable con-
[9732]nects the PSE to the tape recorder.
[9734]As the tape recorder reels slowly tum,
[9735]and a rumbie issues from its speaker, the
[9736]PSE stylus dances back and forth across
[9737]the moving chart paper, leaving behind a
[9738]ragged trail. Then the recorder is stopped,
[9740]. the chart paper is stopped, and that's all
[9741]without the knowledge or even the arn the pe abe
[9743]there is to it. The result is a strip of paper
[9744]with a squiggly line. The rest is up to the
[9745]human eye and brain.
[9747]On the afternoon of the first day, Kradz
[9748]showed us what to look for. The unstressed
[9749]voice fooks like an untrimmed hedge, with
[9750]stalks of different heights sticking up (and
[9751]down) at irregular intervals. But add some
[9752]stress, and that hedge begins to look
[9753]trimmed. The greater the stress, the
[9755]The more { read,
[9756]the more ! doubted -
[9757]the official account of -
[9759]what happened
[9760]that day in Dallas
[9762]9
[9764]smoother the shape. If the subject was
[9765]experiencing the hard stress which accom-
[9766]panies deception, the over-all outline of the
[9767]figure tends to take on a rectangular shape,
[9768]a concertina as seen by the player. Kradz
[9769]showed slide after stide of charts made dur-
[9770]ing actual police interrogations. He told us
[9771]the background of each case and pointed
[9772]out the tell-tale signs of deception, when-
[9773]ever they were present.
[9775]That night each student took a PSE back
[9777]to his room to practice operating it. Some
[9778]coordination must be learned to become
[9779]facile in handling the recorder and the PSE,
[9780]but clearly the difficult part of the course
[9781]would be leaming how to read and interpret
[9782]the charts.
[9784]The next day we learned the theory of
[9786]te over
[9788]swe) pee aw
[9790]the ‘PSE. There is, first of all, the matter of
[9791]the “oulside issue.” .
[9792]Most people, Kradz pointed out, have
[9794]some sort of deep secret they don't want - ,
[9796]known. When faced with 2 polygraph exami-. -
[9797]pation. a@ person may be more concemed = -
[9798]i this outsics issue may come to light -
[9799]then he is about the actual substance of
[9800]the interrogation. This can produce irrele- _
[9801]vant stress in some of his answers, and mis-
[9802]lead the examiner. Therefore it is is neces-
[9803]sary for the examiner to interview the sub-
[9804]ject before the examination, go over att of
[9805]the questions ha intends to ask, and assure’
[9806]the subject he will ask only these questions.
[9808]. Thad reason to remember this later, when .
[9810]| ran my first real interrogation tape.
[9812]The interrogation always includes the
[9813]question, “Are you afraid that ! will ask you
[9814]about something we have not discussed?”
[9815]A negative answer with no sign of stress
[9816]eliminates the outside-issue problem. Also, .
[9817]the examiner always asks some innocuous
[9818]questions, such as, “Do you like the color
[9819]blue?” in order to observe the subject's
[9820]general state of tension. And there is always
[9821]one “red-herring” question.
[9823]The red herring is used to identify the
[9825]“guilt complex responder.” Such a person .
[9826]shows stress when he responds to any
[9827]accusatory question. The examiner may
[9828]ask, “Did you steal the watch?” when it is
[9829]money, not a watch, that is missing. A
[9830]stressed denial will alert the examiner, who -
[9831]Carefully compares this response to the
[9832]stress produced by questions about the
[9833]missing money.
[9835]That night the class was given tapes of
[9836]real police interrogations. In most cases,
[9837]‘Kradz was the examiner, and in every case,
[9838]he knew the background and resolution of
[9839]the. matter. One case | was assigned con--
[9840]cerned a young man accused of stealing
[9841]money from his father’s store. Kradz started
[9842]by asking the “outside-issue” question. No,
[9843]the young man replied, he was not afraid
[9844]Kradz would ask him a question they hadn't
[9845]discussed. Then the following exchange ;
[9847]*took place:
[9849]“Do you live in Howard- County?”
[9851]“Yes.” —
[9853]“Do you suspect someone of having taken
[9854]the money?”
[9856]“No. w
[9858]“Are you wearing a white shirt?”
[9860]“Yes.” . :
[9861]“Do you know who took the money?
[9862]“No.”
[9864]“Are you wearing a ring?”
[9866]“Yes.”
[9868]“Did you take the money?”
[9870]“No.” .
[9872]There were a few red-herring questions
[9873]to check for the. guilt complex response.
[9874]The questions about wearing a white shirt
[9875]and a ring and living in Howard County had
[9876]been included to measure the background
[9877]stress elicited by irrelevant issues. =
[9879]I ran the tape and charted it on the PSE.
[9880]All but two of his responses were un-
[9882]stressed. The question about" suspecting: ~
[9885]13-00000
[9887]vearing a ring?” In fact, his yes to that
[9888]accompanied by such stress as | had
[9890]anly once or twice in the'class slides.
[9892]2 next morming Kradz called on me.
[9893]he suspect take the money, he asked.
[9894]£1 didn’t think so. Kradz nodded. Did
[9895]sspect whe took the money? Yes, |!
[9896]iht he did. Very good, said Kradz. Did
[9897]ce anything else about the interroga-
[9898]Well, yes, there was this business
[9899]t the ring. Perhaps the suspect had
[9900]1 it. Kradz smifed. No, the kid hadn't
[9901]ithe ring, but he was gay. He had
[9903]anged rings with another guy. Nobody
[9905]about it. The kid didn't reatly expect
[9906]asked about it, because Kradz had
[9907]over ali the questions with him. Still,
[9908]he ring was mentioned, he panicked,
[9909]1e third day of the course, !had begun
[9910]2 some thought to what | might do
[9911]1e PSE. | was particularly interested
[9912]fact that the device works from a tape
[9913]‘ing. Sound-recording technology is
[9914]ta Century old (Edison invented the
[9915]graph in 1877), and an enormous
[9916]it of history is stored on phonograph
[9917]s, sound tracks, and tape and wire
[9918]ings. t thought how many press con-
[9919]es, interviews and public pronounce-
[9920]are stored away in the film and tape
[9921]2s of the world, and how many ques-
[9922]ould be settled if we knew for certain _
[9924]situation, | wondered if it could be used
[9925]the way | had hoped, as a tool for historical
[9926]research.
[9928]During the lunch break I took Kradz aside
[9929]and asked him. Could the PSE be used out-
[9930]side interrogations, where the speaker was
[9931]telling what may or may not have hap-
[9932]pened? Yes, he said, the PSE could be used
[9933]for that. Where there was no stress, | could
[9934]be contident that the speaker was telling
[9935]the truth. However, when f did find stress,
[9936]' had to be very careful about reaching con-
[9937]clusions about its cause; it could result from
[9938]something other than deception. But if |
[9940]found a stress pattem in the testimony of
[9941]several witnesses to the same event, | would
[9942]very probably have uncovered deception.
[9944]Encouraged, ! reviewed the list of recent
[9945]mysteries. Watergate was, of course, the
[9946]first to come to mind. The ITT affair was
[9947]also of recent interest. The Kent State inci-
[9948]dent had never been fully cleared up. But
[9949]one subject seemed to loom above all the
[9950]rest—the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
[9952]Like many others, | have found it difficult
[9953]to believe the Warren Report. When Mark
[9954]Lane's book came out, !| read it carefully.
[9955]| read much of the other criticism of the
[9956]Warren Commission's findings. The more
[9957]| read, the more | doubted the official! ac-
[9958]count of what happened that day in Dallas.
[9959]{ waited for the real story to emerge. It didn't.
[9961]: x Voice prints by the | re
[9962]. Psychological Stress Evaluator rs
[9964]' of former chief justice eT
[9965]_’ Eart Warren in May, 1972
[9967]- Indicating hard stress on.
[9968]the words “no evidence.”
[9970]details of the controversy dimmed in my
[9971]mind, leaving only a dull residue of doubt.
[9972]t had despaired of ever learning the truth. -
[9973]Now { knew what to do with the PSE. .
[9975]It was all there: the statements made
[9976]before television cameras by eyewitnesses,
[9977]policeman, medical examiners, members
[9978]of the Warren Commission. Somewhere in
[9979]a network-television vault were the sound
[9980]tracks, with the tiny, inaudible variations in
[9981]voice frequency that could settle once and
[9982]for all the question, “Did Oswald, acting
[9983]alone, shoot and kill John F. Kennedy?”
[9984]My immediate problem was getting
[9986]-
[9988]wei.
[9992]access to the recordings. ! was certain the
[9994]television networks would have them, but
[9995]1 wasn’t sure exactly what to ask for. There:
[9996]must be thousands of hours of sound
[9997]recordings relating to the assassination.
[9998]Where, among all this talk, was the critical
[9999]testimony?
[10001]I started digging and soon discovered
[10002]the existence of a group called the National
[10003]Committee to Investigate Assassinations,
[10004]located in Washington, D.C. | called the
[10005]number listed in the telephone directory
[10006]and was soon speaking to Bob Smith, the
[10007]Committee's Research Director. | toid Smith
[10008]that! was a writer and wanted to do a piece
[10009]on the John F. Kennedy assassination. |
[10010]asked him for an interview, and he agreed.
[10012]We met in the offices of Bernard Fenster-
[10015]13-00000
[10017]DAO
[10019]uED FROM PAGE 47
[10021]a successful criminal lawyer and
[10022]tor of the Committee, in a modern
[10023]building a few blocks from the White
[10024]2. Fensterwaid is a small, dapper man
[10025]thin Seard. Smith is a lean. intense
[10027]smoter. Eoin men appeared to be
[10028]ir fortes.
[10030]‘fore we Sagin,” t said. “I think f should
[10031]On that i used to work for the CIA.”
[10032]ive run 2cress it often, the theory that
[10033]iA Kitigs Kennedy. It ssems absurd
[10035]and | dint saiieve it. | worked there
[10036]28 years ana never saw or heard any-
[10037]suggestins the Agency was involved
[10038] agsassi nztion. ! never met anyone
[10039]| thoug>: cacable of doing it. Stil,
[10040]: learnes ifrough bitter experience of
[10041]ispicior wntcn attaches to former in-
[10042]ance offces. Epidemics of paranoia
[10043]Q accormcay us through life. | thought
[10044]‘tter get nat issue out of the way.
[10046]es and smiled. Fensterwaid told me
[10047]rey did not necessarily believe the CIA
[10048]sin thecry. and they certainly didn't
[10049]talking :o a formar Agency employee.
[10050]ieved. | began to outline my project.
[10051]1d if they had heard of the PSE. Both
[10052]were dimly aware of it. |! described
[10053]vice and started to detail the way it
[10054]_be used as a research tool. They im-
[10055]itelty understood what | was proposing
[10056]vere tremendously enthusiastic. Yes,
[10057]iaid, there were many key statements
[10058]»e somewhere, and they would be glad
[10059]mpile specific references for me.
[10060]ermore, they could, in some cases,
[10061]Je me with the tape. They said they —
[10062]{ be in contact when they had some-
[10063]for me.
[10064]ile | was waiting, | experimented with
[10065]3E. ! telephoned a friend and told him
[10066]‘the device. | asked if he was willing
[10067]ty a little game to test it out, and he
[10068]1d. He picked a number between one
[10069]2n, asked him, “Is the number one?”
[10070]e number two?” and so on, and he
[10071]ered no each time. | recorded his
[10072]nses, ran them through the PSE and
[10073]3 him back. The number he picked,
[10074]him, was five.
[10076]was dumbfounded. He had not heard .
[10077]PSE and had thought | might be con-
[10078]1g some elaborate joke at his expense.
[10079]hen | called back and correctly iden-
[10080]the number he had picked, he realized
[10081]serious. And he was shocked.
[10083]layed the same game several times
[10084]xthers and did not always have similar
[10085]2ss. With Bernard Fensterwald, | was
[10086]only to narrow the answer down to two
[10087]16'S. One of which turned out to be cor-
[10091]PENTHOUSE
[10093]problem with this game is that the player
[10094]knows ‘nat it is just:that. He knows that |
[10095]know he 's !ying, it is a socially acceptable
[10096]situation. ano tnere is nothing at stake. The
[10097]stress. wnich accompanies real deception
[10098]is nat always present.
[10100]{ antained a tape recording from CBS
[10101]News of a portion of a Sixty Minutes program
[10102]in which Mike Wallace interviewed Clifford
[10103]Irving. The interview took place during the
[10104]height of the controversy, while Irving was
[10105]still claiming to have gotten Howard
[10106]Hughes life story through a series of inter-
[10107]Views with the billionaire. It was a consum-
[10108]mate job of lying. embellished with such
[10109]convincing details as Irving's cisagreement
[10110]with his colleague Susskind about whether
[10111]Hughes kept his organic prunes in a paper
[10112]or a piastic bag. Sixty Minutes re-ran the
[10113]segment after Irving's confession because
[10114]the man's sheer virtuosity as a prevaricator
[10115]was amazing. | was interested in the inter-
[10116]view for a different reason: at the height
[10117]of the controversy, Irving had been given
[10118]a polygraph examination and had passed
[10120]it. !wanted to see if the man.who had beaten ~
[10122]the conventional lie detector could also
[10123]beat the PSE.
[10125]| selected a point in the interview at which
[10126]Mike Wallace suggested that Irving had not.
[10127]interviewed Howard Hughes, but had hap-
[10128]pened on some transcripts of Hughes’ state-
[10129]ments: Irving asked how he could have hap-
[10130]pened on them. Wallace rejoined, “Where
[10131]did you happen on those transcripts?” Inv-
[10132]ing replied, ‘I got the transcripts from
[10134]‘ Howard Hughes.” ! charted this statement
[10136]on the PSE.
[10138]It was a perfect example of total stress,
[10139]horizontally blocked, with the smooth,
[10140]“trimmed-hedge” wave farm. Clifford Irving
[10141]was a master liar, and he had beaten the
[10142]polygraph, but he would have been caught
[10143]by the PSE.
[10145]A tew days after our first meeting, |!
[10146]received a cali from Bob Smith. He had
[10147]turned up a few things for me. I visited him
[10148]at the Committee's office in downtown
[10149]Washington. He gave me a tape recording
[10150]and a typewritten transcript. The recording
[10151]was the Louis Lomax television program of
[10152]Sunday, October 16, 1966. Wesiey Liebler,
[10153]a member of the Warren Commission's staff,
[10154]was the guest. The transcript was of a CBS
[10156]-News television program entitled The War-
[10158]ren Report, which had been broadcast in.
[10159]four one-hour segments on June 25, 26, 27
[10160]and 28, 1967.
[10162]| examined the transcript. The programs
[10163]had been narrated by Walter Cronkite and
[10164]other CBS newsmen. They reviewed every
[10165]major point of controversy that had been
[10166]raised by the critics of the Warren Report,
[10167]inierviewing eyewitnesses, Da!las police-
[10168]men, medical examiners. ballistic speciat-
[10169]ists and many others who had some inside
[10170]knowledge of the assassination of John F.
[10171]Kennedy. For what | had in mind, it was
[10172]a gold mine. I telephoned CBS and learned
[10173]that | could get.a copy of the program's
[10175]Next played the Lomax-Liebler tape.
[10177]Apparently Mark-Lane had betn on-an -.-
[10179]eariier Lomax program, and sow Liebler ©
[10180]was on to rebut him. I didn’t need the PSE -
[10181]to anow that Liebler was stressed. He
[10182]seemed very agitated, and his breathing .
[10183]audibly indicated his tension. He was angry
[10184]about the things Lane had said, the ques-
[10185]tians Lomax was asking him, and the reac-
[10186]ticn of the studio audience. Given his highly
[10187]emotional state, he did not seem a very
[10188]promising subject for the PSE. Nonetheless, *
[10189]| decided to give it a try.
[10191]Charting a tape with the PSE is a tong
[10192]and tedious process. and it was impractica!
[10193]to chart the entire program: f ran some of
[10194]Liebler's statements which were not in dis-
[10195]pute and discovered, as ! had expected.
[10196]a great deal of stress. He was pretty
[10197]charged up.
[10199]Most of the exchange between Liebter,
[10200]Lomax and the audience was. argumenta-
[10201]tive and did not deal with specific factual
[10202]points. t found two key statements by Lieb-
[10203]fer, though, and ! charted them.
[10205]The first statement, in response toa ques-
[10206]tion by Lomax, was, “I have no doubt about
[10207]the conclusions of the [Warren] Report.”
[10208]Plenty of stress was evident, but not much .
[10209]more than in other statements.
[10211]The second statement related to those
[10212]Warren Commission documents which were
[10213]not included in the Report—they were —
[10214]locked up in the National Archives. Lomax
[10215]asked Liebler if there was anything in the
[10216]documents which would alter Liebter’s
[10217]opinion. Taken literally, it was a strange
[10218]question, since Liebler had seen the docu-
[10220]‘ments and, if they would alter his opinion,
[10222]they would already have done so. Lomax
[10223]probably meant to ask if the documents
[10224]would conflict with the conclusions of the
[10225]Warren Report. Whatever Liebler thought
[10226]the question meant, he answered quickly,
[10227]“Oh, none, none at all.” The PSE showed
[10228]much more stress here than during any of ..
[10229]Liebler's other statements. ;
[10231]It was all pretty confused and fuzzy, and
[10232]it didn’t tell me more than I'd already known:
[10233]Wesley Liebler was pretty upset when he
[10234]appeared on the Louis Lomax program.
[10235]hoped that the CBS tapes would yield more
[10236]enlightening resutts.
[10238]I finally received a call from CBS's
[10239]Washington office saying the tapes had
[10240]arrived. | broke a few traffic laws getting
[10241]there to pick up the tapes and returning
[10242]to my apartment. | had already selected the
[10243]points | wanted to check from the transcript
[10244]of the program. | mounted the first tape on
[10245]the recorder. ran it down to the first point
[10246]of interest. and turned on the PSE.
[10248]For the next three days and nights. ! ran
[10249]charts. When | finished, | had a splitting
[10250]headache, my kitchen floor was ankle deep
[10251]in chart paper, but | had a much clearer
[10252]idea of what did and did not happen that
[10253]day in Dallas.
[10255]Before | describe my results. ' feel ‘that
[10256]{ must offer the reader a few comments. and
[10259]13-00000
[10261]--w
[10263]a:d. itmas not been vaiidated
[10264]‘a; rasearch. Even though
[10265]farina: with the machine beliave
[10266]in this way, my project
[10267]first ateémpito do so. ~
[10268]i easier to demonstrate with the PSE
[10269]Peaker ts telling the trutn than to
[10270]‘18 lying. Stress can be caused by
[10271]vther tran deception: but the ab-
[10272]if strass 1s an extremely reliable
[10273]on of truinfulness. Of course, the
[10274]€ of stress.does not prove that a
[10275]intis true. only that the speaker
[10276]it ta £4 tree,
[10277]Bosse Ifo. nd a great Gaz! of stress
[10278]5 core assass-7st'on tapes.
[10279]stance can J say that the in-
[10280]i § lying. | com this out not only
[10281]myse2:f from lice! suits cut be-
[10282]‘ty certain any one indi-
[10283]aed the truth.
[10284]nethe! siress in the testimony
[10285]witnesses is the same event makes
[10286]1ematicai sropabiiity ovewnelming
[10287]past seme of them were lyirg.
[10288]: points scsid not be pana iflus-
[10289]han twnéey w
[10290]lay Shaw A‘air.
[10291]30n, it may pe recalled, was the New
[10292]s District Attorney who, in 1967,
[10293]|to have ssived the Kennedy assas-
[10294]. He presented an elaborate case
[10295]a loca! businessman, Clay Shaw,
[10296]2rS. as ms 7:5eF5. Of an assassination
[10297]acy. In one of the hour-long pro-
[10299]at buus
[10302]a
[10304]CBS interviewed Garrison, Shaw, .
[10305]other people involved i in Garrison's”
[10307]3ns.
[10309]interview, Garrison was hostiie and
[10310]make many firm, factual statements
[10311]test with the PSE. However, he did
[10313]sere’s No question about it [!hat he _
[10314]yw the assassination had been car-
[10316]]... we know the key individuals
[10317]4}... there is no question about the
[10318]: conspirators} were there {in Dealy
[10319]* The PSE showed good to hard
[10320]each of these statements. { also
[10321]oncontroversial statement of Gar-
[10322]15 a contrci: “Oswald was not kilted
[10323]t the mevie theater where he was
[10324]ij." and found no stress. Garrison's
[10325]mts about his case against Clay
[10326]rongiy indicated deception.
[10327]ran some statements by Clay Shaw
[10328]his invo:vernent in such a conspir-
[10329]4 denying ever knowing or meeting
[10330]rey Oswald. | also ran a contro!
[10331]nt. Shaw turned out to be neavily
[10332]4 througout.
[10333]vas not particularly surprising. The
[10334]3 been accused of consciring to
[10335]tne President of the United States
[10336]3 being interviewed about it before
[10337]yn cameras. He would have to have
[10338]pretty cco! customer not to show
[10339]stress. even if he were telling the
[10340]‘e truth.
[10341]ng that doth Garrison and Shaw
[10342]| stress was not an encouraging
[10344]ee by tne Jim Gar-—
[10346]valid evidence tinking Shaw to the assassi-
[10347]nation and then, in the time-honored tradi-
[10348]tion of prosecutors, invented the rest of his
[10349]cas¢. But Shaw's stress could easily be the
[10350]resuit of his predicament, and Garrison's
[10351]might also be the result of some outside
[10352]issue. The situation was ambiguous. _~
[10354]! ran the testimony of Lea Odom. Odom,
[10355]a Dallas businessman, was attempting to
[10356]explain the mysterious coincidence of the
[10357]post office box numbers. It seems that the
[10358]Dalias post office box number 11906
[10359]appeared in the notebooks of both Clay
[10360]Shaw and Lee Harvey Oswald. In his tes-
[10361]timony. Odom stated that hé could not
[10362]account for the number appearing in
[10363]Oswaid’s notebook, he knew how it got inta
[10364]Shaw's. It was Odom's box number, and
[10365]he had given it to Shaw. whom he'd met
[10366]by chance on a business trip to New
[10368]‘Orleans. The PSE showed hard stress dur-
[10370]ing his statement. No unrelated control
[10371]Statement was available for me to run for
[10372]comparison.
[10374]This didn't really clear things up. There
[10376]were several obvious alternative explana: -
[10378]tions for Odom's stress. For example, there.
[10382]Deception is not proved
[10383]by stress, but given
[10384]enough witnesses’ testimony,
[10386]the PSE is able
[10387]_ to arrive at the truth
[10389]9
[10391]had been a number of rather unsavory
[10392]allegations in the press about Clay Shaw,
[10393]unrelated to the Garrison charges. Odom
[10394]may have felt extremely uncomfortable
[10395]about linking himself to this man in any way.
[10396]The coincidence of the box numbers
[10397]seemed very suspicious, but Bob Smith of
[10398]the Committee had pointed out to me that
[10400]‘both Snaw's and Oswald's notebooks were
[10401]_ filled with numbers, so the chance of such
[10403]a coincidence was not that remote.
[10405]At this point! began to wonder if the tele-
[10406]vision camera was the “outside issue” in
[10407]every case. Perhaps just being on television
[10408]wil! so thoroughly rattle the average person
[10409]that, lying or not, he is going to show stress
[10410]on the PSE. | checked this out by recording
[10411]and charting a number of people on tele-
[10412]vision programs—public officials, men in
[10413]the street, even witnesses to a particularly
[10414]gruesome accident. There was occasional
[10415]stress. but it never reached the high level
[10416]| was finding in the assassination tapes.
[10418]! also recalled something else which put
[10419]my mind to rest on this point: the PSE had
[10421]been used to analyze the statements of con- -
[10423]and-so” with ar accuracy of better than 94
[10424]percent. The problem obviously was not the.
[10425]television camera. . .
[10427]fran the testimony of William Gurvich on -.-
[10429]the PSE. Gurvich had been Garrison's chief —_ ;
[10431]aide in the investigation af Clay Shaw until
[10432]he resigned, charging Garrison with wrong- -
[10434]doing. He said, “The truth as | see itis that ©
[10436]Mr. Shaw should never have been arrested.”
[10437]He was asked if Garrison had known of cer-
[10438]tain illega! and unethical methods Gurvich ©
[10439]had alleged were being used by Garrison's
[10440]staff. He answered, “Yeah, of course he did.
[10441]He ordered it.” There was no stress in Mr.
[10442]Gurvich’s statements. The PSE showed that
[10443]he believed wnat he was saying.
[10444]Obviously | did not have enough tes- .
[10445]timony from a targe enough number of wite ..
[10446]nesses to creale a detailed picture of the
[10447]Garrison-Shaw affair, butitseems probable |
[10448]that, at the very least. Garrison did not have
[10449]much of a case against Shaw (a view later
[10450]held by a New Orleans jury) and likely that
[10451]Shaw was completely innacent of complic- .
[10452]ity in the assassination. The lesson of this
[10453]episode is twofold. First, stress in any one-
[10454]person's testimony does not prove decep-
[10456]tion. Second, given enough testimony by
[10458]Gifferent witnesses, the PSE can arrive at
[10460]‘the truth.
[10462]The first person | ran on the PSE who had
[10463]any direct knowledge of the assassination
[10464]was Oswald's widow, Marina. Unfortu--
[10465]nately, only one of her statements was on
[10467]‘the CBS tapes—that Oswald had owned a
[10469]rifle. The PSE said she was telling the truth.
[10470]The rifle had been one of the major points
[10471]of controversy raised by critics of the War-
[10473]ren Report. The debate centered on two © 7
[10475]points: whether the Mannlicher-Carcano' ~
[10476]alleged to have belonged to Oswald was
[10477]the rifle found by the Dailas police in the
[10479]Texas Schoo! Book Depository, andwhether ~~ 4
[10480]. that particulargun could have been the mur- ~
[10482]der weapon.
[10483]On the tapes, Darrell C. Tomlinson, an
[10484]employee of Parkland Hospital, testified
[10486]that he had found a rifle bullet ona strefcher .
[10488]which he believed had carried Governor
[10489]Connally. There was no stress in his state-
[10490]ment. The PSE said he was telling the tnuth.
[10492]Dr. Joseph D. Nicol, Superintendent of
[10493]the Bureau of Criminal Investigation for the
[10494]State of litinois. ran ballistic tests on bullet
[10495]fragments found in the presidential limou-
[10496]sine, and on the intact bullet found by Tom-
[10497]linson. Nicol testified that both the intact
[10498]bullet and the bullet fragments had been
[10499]fired by the Mannlicher-Carcano. He. too,
[10500]was apparently telling the truth.
[10502]Deputy Constable Seymour Weitzman of
[10503]the Datias police claimed that he found
[10504]Oswaid’s Mannlicher—Carcano on the sixth
[10505]floor of the Texas School Book Depository. -
[10506]However, on the day of the assassination,
[10507]he had told the press that the rifie he'd found
[10508]was a German Mauser. The foliowing day
[10510]-he signed an affidavit to that effect. Bul on
[10511]| the CBS tapes he testified that he had been
[10513]mistaken about that point, that it had really
[10516]13-00000
[10518]svabie stress in his statements.
[10519]atrolman Gerald L. Hill testified that he
[10520]id thirée. spent bullet hulls on the ficor
[10521]eatk the window from which the fatal
[10522]ts allegedly were fired. The PSE showed
[10523]J stress in his statements.
[10525]xe rifle was one of the principal points
[10526]d by the Warren Commissien to link
[10527]vald to the assassination. The PSE sub-
[10528]itiated the testimony that Oswald owned
[10529]fle and that the evidence supplied to
[10530]allistics expert indicated this rifle was
[10531]murd2r weapon. However, the PSE did
[10532]substantiate the controversial claims of
[10533]jas police regarding the discovery of
[10534]evidence. .
[10535]he hospital employee was apparently
[10536]ng the truth when he recounted finding
[10537]bullet on a stretcher at Parkland Hospi-
[10538]but many critics have charged that the
[10539]et had been eliberately planted there.
[10541]3 is the famous “single bullet" which the.
[10543]rren Repor: says passed through the
[10544]ties of bath tne President and Governor
[10546]nally, and then lodged in Connally's.
[10548]3t. Several researchers have tried to
[10549]zat this, firing the same type of bullet
[10550]‘the wrist of a cadaver. The builets never
[10551]iained perfectly intact, as the one found
[10552]he stretcher, they became twisted lumps
[10553]zad and copper.
[10555]he second link between Oswald and the
[10556]assination is the charge that he killed
[10557]cer Tippitt. a Dallas policeman, while
[10558]‘ing from the scene of the first shooting.
[10559]umber of eyewitnesses have testified
[10560]they saw Oswald shoot Tippitt, and one
[10561]hem, Domingo Benavides; was inter-
[10562]ved on the CBS tapes. He was asked
[10563]yere was any doubt in his mind that
[10564]vald was the man he saw shoot Tippitt.
[10565]replied, “No. sir, there waa no doubt
[10566]ul.” There was absolutely no stress in
[10567]statement. He was telling the truth.
[10569]he killing of Officer Tippitt by Oswatd
[10570]fueled the fires of controversy over the
[10572]rren Report. Tippitt was farfrom his usual-
[10574]it when he was shot. Some witnesses
[10575]e alleged that Tippitt and Oswald were
[10576]‘n together in Jack Ruby's nightclub.
[10577]y theorize that the three men were part
[10578]in assassination conspiracy, and that
[10579]pitt had been sent to silence Oswald,
[10580]had been beaten to the draw.
[10582]he Datlas police radio dispatcher,
[10583]:cer Murray Jackson, was asked if he
[10584]ught Tippitt knew Oswald, “No,” he
[10585]lied, “I don't think he knew Oswald.” Did
[10586]kson know Oswald? “No,” answered
[10587]kson, “I didn't either.” The PSE showed
[10588]wy Stress in both statements.
[10590]emhaps the greatest source of con-
[10591]‘ersy over the Warren Report is it's claim
[10592]: all the shots were fired by one gunman.
[10593]ne eyewitnesses claim to have heard
[10594]ts and seen gunsmoke in the area of
[10595]w hillock ahead and to the right of the
[10596]sidential motorcade. This hillock has
[10597]re to be know grassy knoll.”
[10598]2 of these witnesses was a railroad
[10599]ker named S.M. Holland, who observed
[10601]PENTHOLISF
[10603]The PSE confirmed that he thought he had
[10604]seen a puff of smoke on the knoll, but it
[10605]could not support his claim that he had
[10606]heard a shot from that direction.
[10608]Another witness, Charles Brehm, was
[10609]quoted by Mark Lane as having said that
[10610]he had seen a portion of the President's
[10611]skuli flying back over the left rear end of
[10612]the limousine. Lane offered this as evidence
[10613]of a shot from the grassy knoll. On the CBS
[10614]tapes, Brehm stated heatedly that he had
[10615]been quoted out of context, and emphatic-
[10616]ally denied that any shots had come from
[10617]the knoll. Despite his emotional state, there
[10618]was almost no stress in this statement.
[10620]Officer Jacks of the Dallas police, who
[10621]was riding in the limousine of Vice-
[10622]President Johnson, denied that any of the
[10623]shots had come from the direction of the
[10624]gtassy knoll. The PSE turned up a fair de-
[10625]gree of stress.
[10627]Three witnesses, Mrs. Caroline Walther,
[10628]Arnoid Rowland and Howard Brennan,
[10629]claimed to have seen gunmen in the win-
[10630]dows of the Texas School Book Depository
[10631]building. Mrs. Walther said she saw two
[10632]men, one armed with a rifle, the second
[10634]Chief Justice Warren:
[10635]“We expiored both these
[10636]theories and found
[10637]no evidence that
[10638]either group was involved"
[10640]9
[10642]‘with a shorter gun. Rowland told the Warren
[10643]Commission he had seen two men, one an
[10644]elderly Negro, in the window Oswald is
[10645]alleged to have fired from, but on the CBS
[10646]tapes he claimed he had seen an armed
[10647]man ata differant window. The Commission
[10648]relied heavily on the testimony of Brennan,
[10649]who claimed to have seen a gunman in the
[10650]“Oswald window” actually firing the last of
[10651]the shots. The PSE showed hard stress in.
[10652]the testimony of all three witnesses.
[10654]_The PSE analysis of the eyewitnesses’
[10655]testimony regarding the source of the shots
[10656]is ambiguous. It supports Holland's claim
[10657]to have seen a puff of smoke on the knoll,
[10658]and Brehm's denial that any shots came
[10659]from that direction, and it raises serious
[10660]doubts about al? other claims and counter-
[10661]claims. This contradiction seems to result
[10662]from the notorious unreliability of eyewit-
[10663]nesses, perhaps compounded by a fair
[10664]amount of fabrication. Deception, if it is
[10665]present here, may have been motivated
[10666]merely by a desire for attention. Or there
[10667]may have been: darker reasons.
[10669]There is, however, other evidence and
[10670]testimony that could shed some light on the
[10671]existence, number and location of assas-
[10672]sins other than Oswald. This brings us to
[10673]perhaps the most dubious and controversial
[10674]element in the Warren Commission's ver-
[10675]sion of the event—the autopsy.
[10677]nedy had been rushed to the emergency
[10678]room at Parkland Hospital, where Or, Mal-
[10679]coim Parry tried to save his life. The physi-
[10680]cian saw that the President had suffered —
[10681]a massive head wound and a smaller wound
[10683]in the throat. Perry performed a tracheos- _
[10684]tomy, cutting through the throat wound in
[10685]an attempt to open a breathing passage.
[10686]Afterward, when hope forthe Presidenthad ~
[10687]been abandoned, Perry met with the press
[10688]and deciared that the wound in the front
[10690]of the neck had been an entry wound.
[10692]The President's body was flown to
[10693]Washington, D.C. There, approximately
[10694]eight hours after the shooting, an autopsy
[10695]was performed at Bethesda Navat Hospital.
[10696]Because of the tracheostomy, the nature of ~
[10697]the neck wound could no longer be ob-
[10698]served and was, at first, overlooked. Later,
[10699]after consulting the Dallas doctors, the
[10700]Bethesda pathologists concluded that it .
[10701]was an exit wound. The autopsy report
[10702]Stated that there were two entry wounds,
[10704]-one tow in the rear scatp and one at the
[10706]right base of the neck; and two exit wounds,
[10708]‘the throat wound and a large irregular
[10710]wound on the right side of the head.
[10712]The confusion was compounded when
[10713]two FBI agents present at the autopsy
[10714]reported that a wound had been found in’
[10715]the President's back, and that no corre-
[10716]sponding exit wound had been located.
[10717]Diagrams made during the autopsy seemed |
[10718]to confirm this, showing the lower of the
[10719]two entry wounds to be below the shoulders,
[10720]not at the base of the neck. What became
[10721]‘of the bullet? The agents reported that -
[10722]Bethesda doctors thought the bullet had
[10723]dropped from the wound when the Dalias
[10724]doctors attempied extemal heart massage. |
[10725]But this was the shot that the Commission
[10726]claimed had passed through Kennedy and
[10727]struck Governor Connally.
[10729]. X-rays and color photographs of the au-
[10730]topsy were made. The brain was removed
[10731]from the body. Brain and skin tissue slides .
[10732]were prepared for microscopic examina-
[10733]tion. Remarkably, the Warren Commission
[10734]mever asked ta see any of this evidence,
[10735]relying instead solely on the testimony of
[10736]Captain James J. Humes, one of the
[10737]pathologists who conducted the autopsy.
[10738]Even more incredible is the disappearance
[10739]of the brain, the slides, and some of the |
[10740]photographs, which were alleged to have
[10741]been tured over to the National Archives
[10742]by the Bethesda Naval Hospital. -
[10744]Both Or. Perry and Captain Humes were
[10745]interviewed on the CBS tapes. Perry was
[10746]asked about the throat wound he'd seen
[10747]when the President was broughtto Parkland
[10748]Hospital. His answer seamed evasive. He
[10749]neither confirmed nor denied that he had
[10750]thought it was an entry wound, talking in-
[10751]stead about the difficulty of making such
[10752]a determination and the fact that his atten-
[10753]tion had been devoted to saving the Presi-
[10754]dent's life. Then the interviewer asked him
[10755]directly whether he had thought at the time
[10756]that it was an entry wound. “Actually, kdidn't
[10757]teally give it much thought,” he-replied.He.. .. .
[10760]13-00000
[10762]saetnation Tangs
[10764]VED EROe BEE 194
[10766]:d hard stress on the PSE. Unfortu-
[10767]he mad= ro other definite statement
[10768]the nature of the wound.
[10769]interview with Captain Humes was
[10770]nformative. Just before the interview,
[10771]7, Humes bad re-examined the autop-
[10772]ograpns ecg X-rays, and he dis-
[10773]J tham 2: ‘esath on the C35 tanes.
[10774]“prams .1 during tha actonsy,
[10775]J. nad net £en intended to precisely
[10776]Nt the iocation of the wounds. How-
[10777]12 Now o:cSuced a sxetch which, he
[10778]Jid represent thesa iccations accu-
[10779]The intersiavwer asked. “Your re-
[10780]tation of the photographs verify that
[10781]wads Wee 3s shown here?”
[10782]3, Sir,” he replied. No stress.
[10783]2 there any wounds other than one
[10784]base of :-= neck and ona up in the
[10785]“No, sir. inere were not.” Moderate
[10786]not ercugh to suggest ceception.
[10787]there any doubt that the wound at
[10788]ck of the President's head was an
[10789]‘ound? “Trere is absciutely no doubt,
[10790]jain stress but again moderate.
[10791]gether, now many wounds were
[10792]“There v.er2 two wounds of entrance
[10793]0 of exit.” At this paint the stress be-
[10794]lard.
[10796]’ “Posterioriy, one low in the right
[10797]ar.scalp. and one in the basa of the
[10798]nthe right.” Hard stress again.
[10800]d he be absolutely certain tnat what
[10801]3 was an entry wound was. in fact,
[10802]‘es. indeed we can.” Hard stress.
[10803]nterview with Humes was one of the
[10804]it and most detailed on the CBS
[10805]and | charted most of it with the PSE.
[10806]clear to ma that he believed much
[10807]he was saying, but the frequent flick-
[10808]of mocerate stress and the occasian-
[10809]es of hard stress suggesied that he
[10810]nearly as confident of his testimony
[10811]claimed to be. As Dr. Perry had
[10813]1 out, sometimes it's not easy to tell
[10815]y wound from an exit wound.
[10816]aterviewer asked him one good “bot-
[10817]3" question:
[10819]you have any different conclusion,
[10820]ferent ideas, any different thoughts
[10821]‘erseeing (the autopsy photographs]
[10822]‘nan you had at that time?”
[10823]‘replied Captain Humes, "we think.
[10824]‘ar up very well, and very closely,
[10825]imony before the Warren Commis-
[10827]tress was hard.
[10829]Specter. one of the Warren Commis-
[10830]rincipal investigators, also spoke on
[10832]itapes. He said that the case agains!
[10833]fitted together very well, and that
[10834]could.one find among actual crim-
[10836]NTHOUSE |
[10838]where were the ‘entry wounds lo-
[10840]tre cues rnenetonse
[10842]the charge that the Commission had been
[10843]formed to whitewash the facts.
[10845]The PSE said he was telling the truth.
[10847]John McCloy. a member of the Warren
[10848]Commission, said much the same thing,
[10849]and added that he had seen no credible
[10850]evidence to contradict the findings of the
[10851]Commission. The PSE backed him up on
[10852]this. bt it failed to do so when, speaking
[10853]of the Warren Report, he said, “There was
[10854]nothing fraudulent about it." Here the PSE
[10855]showed hard stress.
[10857]If Specter and McCloy were as confident
[10858]as the PSE shows them to be in the truthful-
[10859]ness of the Warren Rezort-what could be
[10860]fracduient about it? Perhaps the snippin3
[10861]off of a few loose ends, the suppression
[10862]of a few pieces of inconvenient evidence
[10863]which conflicted with a version of events
[10864]they believed to be essentially true. .
[10866]The one man who could be expected to
[10867]have the most informed opinion regarding
[10868]the work of the Warren Commission is
[10869]former Chief Justice Earl Warren himself.
[10870]He had declined to be interviewed on the
[10871]CBS program in 1967, but he did appear
[10872]on television in May, 1972, in an interview
[10874]“...we found no evidence
[10875]of any kind that there was
[10876]any conspiracy.”
[10878]There was very hard stress
[10879]on “no evidence”
[10881]9
[10883]which was pant of a series called The Bran-
[10884]deis Television Recollections. Bob Smith of
[10885]the Committee provided me with the tape.
[10887]The interview was an hour long, but the
[10888]Kennedy assassination and the Warren
[10889]Commission came up only once. The inter-
[10890]viewer, Abram Sachar, Chancellor of Bran-
[10891]dais University, was friendly and deferen-
[10892]tial. | charted some of Warren's remarks
[10893]unrelated to the assassination and found
[10894]that he was generally unstressed. Sachar
[10895]raised the subject of the Commission
[10896]obliquely, and Warren volunteered several
[10897]rather lengthy statements about it
[10899]Warren said that immediately after the as-
[10900]sassination there were two theories, one that
[10901]Khrushchev and Castro were behind the
[10902]killing, the other that a group ot right-wing
[10903]Texas oilmen were responsible. He said:
[10905]“We explored both of those theories for
[10906]ten months and found no evidence that
[10907]either of them was involved in it.”
[10909]The PSE showed hard stress.
[10911]He continued:
[10913]. we found no evidence of any kind
[10915]that there was any conspiracy.”
[10917]Again there was stress, and particularly .
[10918]hard stress on the words “no evidence,”
[10920]“| have read everything.” said Justice .
[10922]Warren, “that has come to my notice in the
[10924]WA NGVS VIIVIZEU UIST WUIIINSSION VETy
[10925]severely, but | have never found_that they
[10926]have discovered any evidence ‘of any kind
[10927]that we didn’t discover and use in determin
[10928]ing the case as we did.” © _
[10930]Hard stress once again. The word “never”
[10932]was a perfectly “trimmed hedge.”
[10933]“| have found nothing since that time.”
[10935]he continued, “to change my view, norhave - |
[10936]| heard of anything that has changed the —
[10937]view of any membar of the commission.
[10939]since that time.”
[10941]The stress was hard. Ast had now'come |
[10943]to expect, the word “nothing” seemed a
[10944]particularly beautiful example of stress.
[10945]Another word seemed to show even more
[10947]stress: “member.” Could he have been’
[10949]thinking of someone in particular? On Janu-
[10950]ary 19, 1970, Senator Richard B. Russell,
[10951]a member of the Warren Commission, re-
[10953]vealed that he had never believed that Lee -
[10955]Harvey Oswald acted alone.
[10957]1 had charted the last of the assassination -
[10959]tapes. Of course, these few thousand feet
[10960]of recording tape are only a small fraction’
[10961]of the relevant testimony recorded and
[10962]stored away in the archives of television
[10963]news departments. There is, for example,
[10964]Lee Harvey Oswald, as he was led through
[10965]the Dallas potice station, denying that he
[10967]had killed the President. There are state- .
[10968]ments by Marina Oswald, Jack Ruby and
[10970]by others.
[10971]| have no doubt that with these tapes,
[10973]a Psychologica! Stress Evaluator, and time .-
[10975]to work on them, a very detailed picture
[10976]of the assassination of John F. Kennedy
[10977]could be reconstructed, a picture that might
[10979]even seveal the identities of the assassins .
[10981]and their co-conspirators. | hope that sooner
[10982]_ or later someone does this. | have gone as
[10983]far as the private resources of a free-lance
[10984]writer permit.
[10986]What, given the sample of testimony {
[10987]have processed with the PSE, can ! say
[10988]about the assassination?
[10990]We should first examine the testimony in
[10991]whichno stress was found, since itis almost
[10993]certain that these people were telling the .
[10995]truth as they saw it. This strongly suggests
[10996]the foliowing:
[10998]1. Oswald owned a rifle.
[11000]2. A bullet fired from that rifle was found
[11002]on Govemor Connailly's stretcher at Park-_
[11004]tand Hospital.
[11006]3. Bullet fragments alleged to have been
[11008]found in the presidential limousine atso
[11009]came from Oswald's rifle.
[11011]4. At least one eyewitness believes he
[11012]saw gunsmoke on the grassy knoll, but
[11013]another is equaily certain no shots came.
[11014]from that direction.
[11016]5. Oswald shot and killed Officer Tippitt.
[11018]&. At least one member of the Warren
[11019]Commission and one member of the Com-
[11020]mission's staff really believe in the validity
[11021]of the Warren Report.
[11023]7. Jim Garrison had little or no case
[11024]. against Clay Shaw.
[11026]Aimost all of this tends to support, in n one .
[11027]way or another, the Warren Report. ‘But now -
[11029]MEE:
[11031]one we
[11032]or cmrneee
[11034]vos eeecmpem vp see ane gemrmnemueet wor tye te et
[11037]13-00000
[11039]wre Ay ID 8 hey
[11040]The claim that Oswatd’s rifle was
[11041]tin the Texas School Book Depository,
[11042]The claim that bullet hulls matching
[11043]d's-riflé were found in the same place.
[11044]The claim that one gunman was seen
[11045]“Qswaid window" ot the Dallas Book
[11046]sitory.
[11047]The claim that two gunmen were seen
[11048]3 window.
[11049]The claim that a gunman was seen
[11050]lifferent window of that building.
[11051]Another claim that no shots came from
[11052]assy knoll, and a claim by the witness
[11053]saw the gunsmoke on the knoll that
[11054]80 Heard a shot from that direction.
[11055]4 claim by a Dailas policeman that
[11056]or he nor Officer Tippitt knew Oswald.
[11057]The claim by the pathologist—the
[11058]‘n Commission's only source of infor-
[11060]utopsy photographs support his tes-
[11061]‘before the Commission.
[11062]he claim by a member of the Warren
[11064]lission that there was nothing fraudu- .
[11066]pout the Warren Report. :
[11068]The claim by Earl Warren that the
[11069]lission found no evidence of a con-
[11070]y; that none of the Warren Report's
[11071]ever found anything the Commission
[11072]issed; that he had found nothing since
[11073]blication of the Report to change his
[11074]and that he knew of no Commission
[11075]er.who had ever changed his mind
[11076]their conclusions.
[11078]HWIUICELES GECEPUON, a HNUeresinig ang
[11079]unexpected possibility emerges:
[11081]Oswald was involved in some way in the
[11082]assassination, if only as a fall guy. Some of
[11083]the Dallas police force may have been in-
[11084]volved, planted the evidence that impli-
[11085]cated Oswald, and covered up the fact that
[11086]there was a conspiracy. The medical exam-
[11087]iner believed his own testimony to the War-
[11088]ren Commission, but later had doubts. The
[11089]Commission found evidence of a conspir-
[11090]acy but didn’t believe it, so they covered
[11091]it up in order to present a tidy package to
[11092]the public. Later, at least one mamber of
[11093]the Commission changed his mind, but
[11094]since he didn't know what really did hap-
[11095]pen, he decided to say nothing. So there
[11096]was conspiracy in Dallas, and in Washing-
[11098]_ton nothing worse than dlundering.
[11099]n about the autopsy—that the X-rays. ©
[11101]f could say all this with certainty if] knew
[11102]that stress always equals deception. Unfor-
[11103]tunately, | do not know that. But the PSE
[11104]analysis of the assassination tapes has
[11105]generated a staggering amount of fresh
[11106]doubt regarding the Warren. Report. This
[11107]doubt rises not only from specific points
[11108]the PSE has called into question, but from
[11109]the very sinister implications of the very
[11110]existence of deception among policemen,
[11111]government officials and Commission
[11112]members. The question remains: did such
[11113]deception exist or was the stress found by
[11114]the PSE the result, in every © case, of an out-
[11115]side issue? |
[11117]me rot ano cannot be cross-checked by” «
[11118]a structured interrogation, some: Probability -
[11119]must be accepted that this stress is caused *
[11121]by an outside issue. No study has yet been -
[11123]conducted to establish what this probability
[11125]might be, but let us pick, for the sake of ~
[11127]discussion, a figure that may seem ridicu- ~
[11128]lously high—70 percent. in other words, we ~
[11129]are assuming that 70 percent of the times
[11130]the PSE finds stress in testimony, it results
[11131]from something other than lying.
[11133]Now, let's ignore the deception indicated -
[11134]in the testimony of the eyewitnesses; even |
[11135]if present, it might have resulted from mere -
[11137]Gesire for attention. That leaves eight “in-
[11139]siders" who have demonstrated stress when -
[11141]making statements supporting the Warren
[11143]Report: the Dallas policemen Hill, Jacks, ~~
[11144]Jackson and Weitzman; the medical exam- —.
[11145]_iner, Captain Humes; Commission staffer. -
[11146]Wesley Liebler; Commission member John:
[11147]McCloy, former Chief Justice Earl Warren. . °
[11148]' Assuming that there is a 70 percent’ ir.
[11149]chance that any single instance of stress /
[11150]is “outside issue,” what is the probability .
[11152]that all eight instances are due to factors
[11153]other than deception? Elementary proba-
[11154]bility theory tells us that it is seven-tenths
[11155]raised to the eighth power, or approximately
[11156]& percent.
[11158]In other words, even making some fairly
[11160]conservative assumptions, thereisa94per- .
[11161]cent chance that at least one of thesa eight —
[11163]men is lying.
[11165]My own personal opinion? don't know.” :
[11166]{ remember the young man with the ring.
[11168]He said he was wearing it, and he was,
[11170]‘but he stressed. He stressed not because .
[11171]he was lying, but because there was some- _
[11172]thing about that ring that really bothered
[11174]him, something he didn’t want the world to
[11176]know. Perhaps thatis alsotrueofthesemen -
[11177]who, in one way or another, leamed some ..
[11179]part of the truth about the assassination of
[11181]” John F. Kennedy.
[11183]. the microscopic slides, the bioodstained .
[11185]| suppose I'm not absolutely sure even
[11187]of that. When I first met Bob Smith of the
[11188]Committee, | asked him if there was any
[11190]one thing the govemment could doto clear ~ -"
[11192]up the mystery. Yes, he replied, the one
[11194]thing that would help more than anything _-
[11195]else would be to make available the physil- . ~~
[11196]cal evidence — the detalied FB! lab re-
[11198]ports, the X-rays and autopsy photographs,
[11200]clothing, yes, even the President's brain,
[11201]wherever it has been hidden. These things,
[11203]he said, would go far toward answering the ~
[11205]questions about what actually happened
[11207]that day in Dallas. Maybe they would even -
[11209]confirm the Warren Report.
[11211]So when | say I'm not absolutely ‘certain
[11212]these men are concealing something, 1
[11213]mean | can think of something that could
[11214]conceivably change my mind. That is, if the
[11216]"* government would open all its files on this
[11218]matter to us and prove that we are wrong
[11220]. —we, the people who ten years fater still
[11221]. believe we haven't yet heard the full account
[11223]-+ of the events of November 22, 1963. =~
[11225]tee fe ome 4 Seem m peyote —Pper
[11228]13-00000
[11230]E LAST THREE PRESIDENTIAL
[11231]‘CTIONS HAVE BEEN. DECIDED BY
[11232]BULLETS:
[11234]64 — result decided by the assassination of
[11235]President John F. Kennedy
[11237]68 — result decided by the assassination of
[11238]Senator Robert F. Kennedy
[11240]12 ~ result decided by the near-assassination of
[11241]Governor George Wallace —
[11243]lis the evidence?
[11244]‘ire the fatal shots?
[11246]has there been such a concerted effort
[11247]ithhold the facts?
[11249]ras really behind the assassinations?
[11251]2-H 79-93
[11252]_ COME SHARE THE FINDINGS
[11253]OF THE NATION'S EXPERTS
[11255]AT A TWO DAY CONFERENCE
[11257]SPONSORED BY THE COMMITTEE TO
[11258]INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS.
[11260]‘TODEWELD Ar
[11261]GEORGETOWN
[11262]UNIVERSITY
[11264]GASTON HALL
[11266]Nov. 23-24, 1973 _
[11268]COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS ,
[11270]1520 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. » (202) 232-1152
[11272]DECADE OF
[11273]ASSASSINATIONS |
[11274]1963 - 1973
[11276]JOHN F, KENNEDY © SYLVANUS OLYMPIO e
[11278]ABDUL KARIM KASSEM ¢ MEDGAR EVERS ¢
[11280]“NGO” DINH DIEM © JIGME DORJ! © ADIB AL @ —
[11281]SHISHAKL! e@ PIERRE NGENDANDUMWE. @—
[11283]HASSAN ALI MANSOUR ¢ MALCOLM X @ VIOLA
[11285]LIUZZO e MARIO MENDEZ MONTENEGRO ¢ SIR
[11286]ABUBAKAR BALEWA © J.T.V. IRONS! AGUIYI ¢
[11287]HENDRIK VERWOERD © TRAN VAN VAN e
[11289]" . GEORGE LINCOLN ROCKWELL CHE GUEVARA —
[11290]_ @ MARTIN LUTHER KING © ROBERT. F..
[11291]~ KENNEDY © EDUARDO MONDLANE ¢ TOM
[11293]MBOYA © A.A. SHERMARKE ¢ GEORGE
[11295]” WALLACE # SALVADORE ALLENDE ©
[11298]13-00000
[11304]FRIDAY — NOVEMBER 23
[11306]LATE REGISTRATION —
[11307]Early Registrants pick up passes.
[11309]WELCOME:
[11311]Mr. Bernard Fensterwald, Jr., Executive
[11312]Director, Committee to Investigate —
[11314]Assassinations
[11316]* Mr. Norman Mailer, Author and Forwarder
[11318]of The Fifth Estate
[11320]CURRENT STATUS OF PROMINENT
[11321]ASSASSINATION CASES:
[11323]JFK CASE — Mr. Robert P. Smith, Director
[11324]- of Research, Committee to Investigate ©
[11326]Assassinations
[11327]RFK CASE — Mr. Robert Hanson, Attorney,
[11328]present counsel for Sirhan Sirhan
[11330]- KING CASE — Mr. James Lesar, Attorney,
[11332]present counsel for James Earl Ray
[11333]WALLACE CASE — Mr. Ronald Van Doren,
[11335]Newsman, Author, researcher into the
[11337]background of Arthur Bremer
[11339]- ROCKWELL CASE — Ms. Meredith Rode,
[11341]Professor at Federal City College,
[11342]* Authority in killing of George Lincoln
[11343]~ Rockwell
[11345]UNIQUE INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES:
[11346]Mr. William Turner, Moderator — Former
[11348]FBI Agent, Author of numerous books —
[11350]on investigative techniques
[11352]“Mr. George O'Toole — Former CIA Agent,
[11354]Free-Lance Writer, expert on the PSE
[11355]* (Psychological Stress Evaluator)
[11356]Mr. Robert Saltzman — Computer Engineer,
[11357]Pantene an the Warren Commission
[11359]DECADE OF ASSASSINATIONS
[11360]1963 — 1973 ,
[11362]PROGRAM |
[11364]FRIDAY — Continued .
[11366]42:30 BREAK FOR LUNCH
[11368]2:00 MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE: —
[11373]Mr. Josiah Thompson, Moderator —
[11374]Professor at Haverford College, author of
[11375]Six Seconds In Dallas —
[11377]Dr. Cyril Wecht — Professor of Law and
[11379]Forensic Medicine at Duquesne
[11381]University; Coroner of Pittsburgh, Pa. -
[11382]Ms. Sylvia Meagher — Attorney, UN Official,
[11383]author of Accessories After The Fact —
[11384]Mr. Roger Hanson — Attorney, counsel to
[11385]Sirhan Sirhan
[11387]Mr. Herbert MacDonnell — Professor of
[11388]Criminalistics, Corning University; expert
[11389]in case of Fred Hampton ,
[11391]Mr. Mark Lane — Attorney, author of Rush —
[11393]To Judgment and Executive Action
[11395]BREAK FOR DINNER
[11397]WARREN COMMISSION REPORT: FACT |
[11399]“OR FICTION —
[11401]A slide show and lecture by Mr. Robert
[11403]Saltzman
[11405]SATURDAY — NOVEMBER 24
[11407]ASSASSINATIONS AND THE MEDIA:
[11409]Mr. John Henry Faulk, Moderator —
[11410]Humorist and Author of Fegr On Trial
[11411]Mr. Robert Kaiser — Author of RFK Must
[11413]Die
[11415]Mr, Donald Freed — Co-Author of Executive
[11422]Action
[11424]_ Mr, Harold Weisberg — Author of Frame Up
[11425]’ Mr. Ted Charach — Author of Second Gun
[11427]Mr, Peter Noyes — Author of Legacy Of
[11428]Doubt
[11430]Mr. Fred Cook — Author of numerous books
[11431]and articles
[11433]BREAK FOR LUNCH
[11435]THEORIES OF CONSPIRACY:
[11437]Mr. Richard Sprague, Moderator —
[11438]Computer expert and author
[11440]Dr. Richard Popkin, Professor at Washington
[11441]University; author of The Second Oswald
[11443]Col. Fletcher Prouty — Former Liaison
[11444]Officer between Pentagon and CIA;
[11445]author of The Secret Teams
[11447]Mr. Robert K. Brown — Former Special
[11448]Services Officer; expert in attempts on
[11449]life of Castro
[11451]Mr. Earl Golz — Reporter for Dallas Morning - oe
[11453]News; expert on Organized Crimes
[11454]Mr. Victor Marchetti — Former CIA Agent;
[11455]author a .
[11456]Mr. Peter Dale Scott — Professor .at
[11457]’ Berkeley; Author of 7he War Conspiracy
[11459]INDIVIDUAL WORKSHOPS WITH THE
[11461]SPEAKERS —
[11463]‘ Question and Answer Sessions
[11466]13-00000
[11468]von openesee ee ee Lore | 7 TANT mee wel A ge ! | a \ .
[11469]Ources AND METHODS Ly -ye0 _ ou yt.
[11470]Tae “ - - = ~~~ J. SEB, .
[11471]4 he ee!
[11472]oo - . 2.
[11473]br. Julius Mader : Mauerstrasse 69
[11474]futhor end editor . 7 4066 Berlin WW 66
[11476]Editer of “Who's Who in CLAS
[11478]Dear Sirs:
[11479]I take this opportunity of offering you:
[11481]"Yellow List: Where Is the CIA?"
[11484]SSeS SSS [SSS SSS 2S 555555555555 555
[11486]("Gelbe Liste: Yio ist die CIA")
[11488]4 This book presents for the first time anywhere in the
[11489]a | world a documentation in alphabetical order of more than
[11490], 400 cisguised or subsidised organisations and institutions
[11491]of the US Civilian end military intelligence network in
[11492]North, Central and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia.
[11494]a fhe "Yellow List" is available either in the English
[11495]‘or German language.
[11497]. The price per copy, inclusive o? air mail postal costs,
[11498]is $2.00 (or the corresponding amount in other currencies —
[11499]ae present exchange rates). The book will be sent to you
[11500]immediately upon receipt of your order blank and check.
[11502]I would be grateful if you would mention this publica
[11503]tion of topical interest to others as well.
[11505]. ‘Yours vgfy sincerely,
[11507]se
[11510]13-00000
[11512]woug tenes cco rcercraee a RY me
[11514]—- ad -
[11515]Sento . we ce ee ee oo me womgen = Fee ie.
[11516]. Ad . @ ee : . . e
[11517]. _ . BE an 2 ° :
[11518]- 7s on
[11520]. , . . . @ . ry
[11521]PSII ALOE . eh NUStD
[11522]Conourree TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATION Ca “ 4
[11524]; ae . et . . . “. . . . fo
[11526]The RIGGS NATIONAL BANK , —
[11527]of WASHINGTON, D.C, . : : . eo
[11528]FEDERAL OFFICE .
[11529]ITSO PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, NH. W,
[11531]OS bam0003 Lind 7048 sua
[11533]7 oe
[11534]eos
[11537]a See ane ert cats ce , ed see emt oe
[11539]spud ousae
[11541]Ss eS=S2Ss252E222e=-==—
[11542]SSS SSS SS S555 S555 S55
[11544]] .
[11545]I wish ccecccceceseetOpies of the "Yellow List: ANTS ERS
[11548]Cram in the storseeceeceesslanguage. (GermarCor English)
[11549]yo
[11551]I enclose a check for oops eeeie eee eee (sum and currency)
[11552]Name or Company eevee 0. CELNS TES 94-2 en
[11553]Address .... JQY...1 tenet T INI sess ee eeeeessesens
[11554]Country ...V4%6-. STIEF 0 see TILE Ls rsesencnns |
[11556]ow mee ae erp ae | oe . rr eer este mene eee of tee ow
[11557].
[11559]CONFIDENTIAL
[11562]13-00000
[11564]Co
[11566]os
[11568]Lowmyer and
[11569](Eyes drawn ij
[11571]28 oe er”
[11573]; Eric Starvo Ga
[11575]It, aka Harvey
[11576]John Willard
[11577]n by FBI artist),
[11579]DOCUMENT 4 AS REFE pores
[11581]i
[11582]f
[11583]i
[11584]aa Tn
[11585].
[11586]2
[11587].
[11589]aid TO hl
[11591]we
[11593]hen f/3
[11595]13-00000
[11597]Tee
[11600]13-00000
[11602]toe
[11604]' . ° come,
[11606]13-00000
[11608]|
[11609]|
[11611]DOCUMENT AS REFERR&D TO £6) ot
[11613]13-00000
[11615]| ne
[11616]7 ° ™ 7 . whe -
[11618]—_—- CIVIL RIGHTS - CONSPIRACY
[11619]INTERSTATE FLIGHT - ROBBERY
[11621]FBI No. 495,942 G
[11622]16 M9 U 000 12
[11624]Photo prapes taken 1960 Photograph cn 163 1 f . ;
[11625](eyes drawn by asti MDL . K.
[11627]DESCRIPTION. _
[11628]AGE. 40, bom March 10. 1923. A! ois
[11632]WEIGHT: 163 to 174 pounds COMPLEXION: aediua
[11633]BUILD: medium RACE: white .
[11634]HAIR: brown, possibly cut short NATIONALITY: American
[11636]OCCUPATIONS: baker, color matcher, laborer
[11638]SCARS ANO MARKS: smali scar on center of forehead and small scar oa
[11640]. palm of right hand
[11642]REMAAKS: noticeably protruding left ear; reportedly is a lone wolf; -
[11643]allegedly attended dance instruction school: has repostedly
[11645]completed course in bartending .
[11647]IMINAL RECORD .
[11648]Ray has been c; f burglary, robb: ney
[11649]On armed rob! am icte without owners
[11651]consent.
[11653]CAUTION ,
[11654]RAY 1S SOUGHT IN CONNECTION WITH A MURDER WHEREIN THE
[11655]VICTIM WAS SHOT. CONSIDER ARMEO AND EXTREMELY DAN-
[11657]GEROUS.
[11659]A Federal warrant was issied ow Aprit 17, 1268, at Birmiaghaa, Alabama, charging Ray as Eric Starvo Gait with conspiring to interfere with a Coastitutional Ri t of_a citizes (Title 12ULS.
[11660]. Section A ate warrant was ziso issued oa July 2), 1967, at Jetterson City. Misscuri, chargiag Ray with Interstate Flight to Avoid Confinement a the crime of Robbery (Title 18,
[11661]OCS Core: eet on " elt iee thei bette ai Mbt ; a fa
[11663]| anieee
[11664]FF YOU KAYE EIFORMATION CONCERHING THIS PERSOH, PLEASE CONTACT YOUR LOCAL FBI OFFICE. Hew
[11665]TREPHONE NUMBERS AND ADDRESSES OF ALL FBI OFFICES LISTED OH BACK. ” Director
[11666]Mentification Order $132 _ Federal Byrgau of Investigation .
[11667]April 23, 1368 : a : ; Washington, D.C. 20535
[11668]see eee ment nga . sone mente ne ee wee ne
[11670]_
[11672]ale) Vi ENT BR eee .
[11673]as Attig. ENT AS Sorzanzo to FB)
[11676]13-00000
[11678]|
[11680]._ on etree ae nae
[11684]13-00000
[11686]CIVIL RIGHTS - CONSPIRACY
[11688]ERIC STARVO
[11690]; Photograph taken 1968
[11691]: - (eyes drawn by artist) _ we a
[11694]13-00000
[11696]So ey gt Cer yb., are - “DESCRIPTION | oe s ee : ~ ; 7 - - ya
[11697]~ Age: -_ > °y 36, “bom July 20,1931 (not supported by bitth records) Te
[11698]Height; © ©. 58" to 511" _ Eyes: | Blue or hazel
[11700]_ Weight: =. 160 to 175 pounds - Complexion: | Medium
[11702] Bullds - Medium . Race: . White
[11704]Hairs __ Brown, possibly cut short :
[11706]: -  Qecupation: .  Has-claimed employment as seaman _ .
[11708]Remarks: Noticeably protruding left ear; reportedly is a lone wolf; allegedly
[11710]. a attended dance instruction school; has reportedly completed course
[11711]oon co » in bartending. Co
[11713]Me GAUTION ee
[11714]OF Aut 1s SOUGHT IN CONNECTION WITH A MURDER WHEREIN THE VICTIM WAS ca sels
[11715]SHOT. CONSIDER. ARMED AND EXTREMELY DANGEROUS. ' ee
[11717]A Federal warrant: was issued on april 1 17. 1968,. at Birmingham, Alabama, charging’ Galt with ¢ con-
[11718]SPiring to interfere with a Constitutional Right of a citizen (Title 18, U.'S.° Code, ‘Section 241).' me
[11720]a ir you! HAVE: ‘ANY INFORMATION ‘CONCERNING THIS PERSON, PLEASE NOTIFY ME OR CONTACT YOUR
[11721]LOCAL FBI OFFICE. TELEPHONE NUMBERS AND ADDRESSES OF ALL Fel OFFICES LISTED ON BACK.
[11723]FEDERAL‘RYREAU OF INVESTIGATION | ;
[11724]eee entire oo") SUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
[11725]Wanted Flyer 442 , a1) WASHINGTON, D.C,. 20585 2 >:
[11726]April’ 17,:1968 |”. co). TELEPHONE, NATIONAL 8-7117
[11727]HVPE ACL AR GE as aS SD LS, cp te OO ae a
[11729]“4
[11731]SRST Te Tree
[11733]13-00000
[11734]“oN OEURE Le,
[11736]Se te |... CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGEN. /
[11738]—_—_—_" oe ‘ WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505
[11739]. . . ’
[11741]ll December 1973
[11745]MEMORANDUM FOR: Director
[11746]Federal Bureau of Investigation
[11748]yo
[11749]ae Ae
[11750]a ATTENTION : Mr, William A. Branigan
[11752]Co +
[11753]- SUBJECT : Conference of the Committee to Investigate —
[11754]Assassinations, Report < on Proceedings
[11756]4)
[11757]g
[11758]Q .
[11759]Bs 23 November 19 974 Z ve. Ze.
[11760]8 |
[11762]o
[11764]t
[11765]Nae
[11767]Ke
[11769]1. Herewith a report containing partial coverage on the
[11770]events during the first session of the Committee to Investigate 3.
[11771]ye Assassinations, together with material (which is overt) made A
[11772]> available on the floor of the conference. —
[11773]~ 2. We would be interested in anything you develop on any
[11774]>) of the other sessions of the conference.
[11776]FOR THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR OPERATIONS:
[11778]REC64 G2 - 1/2697-33
[11780]SATA oe KLE
[11782]Ae
[11784]oF)
[11786]: 36 WM James Angleton 1 JAN 3 19
[11788]Enclosure: to.
[11789]Report w/atts
[11791]_ CIR-316/03107-73
[11793]ee os P
[11794]ani ie
[11795]ND F
[11796]; rial
[11799]. FX: sea PROM eer RI ATION
[11800]SCs wea at at SP PEGURE.
[11801]ssi © Gotae bed wet more)
[11802]Auitddabn et wee cet tl
[11804]impossible to determine
[11806](untess reposts iusert Gale oe event) SECRET
[11809]13-00000
[11811]A
[11813]SECREI
[11814]Attachment to CIR-316/03107-73
[11816]SUBJECT: Conference of the Committee to Investigate Assassinations, —
[11817]Report on Proceedings 23 November 1973
[11819]1, The Committee to Investigate Assassinations claims to
[11820]have been established in 1969. The headquarters are in Washington, D.C.
[11821](at 1520 16th Street, N. W.). In the four years of its existence the
[11822]Committee has done research and has become a kind of clearing
[11823]house for the study of assassinations. It maintains contact with
[11824]other groups engaged in similar activity, of which there seem.to be
[11825]at least two, one of which is located in the Boston area,
[11827]2. In addition to research, the Committee acts to help
[11828]individuals interested in the investigation of assassinations. It thus
[11829]files suits for private persons demanding access to classified
[11830]information. It sponsors the publication of books and articles
[11831]relating to the field of its interest, and sponsors the production of
[11832]movies, It publishes a newsletter.
[11834]3. The conference of November 23-24, 1973, is the first of
[11835]its type to be held by the Committee. The Georgetown University
[11836]was helpful by placing Gaston Hall at the disposal of the Committee
[11837]free of charge. By agreement with the University, the Committee
[11838]will also be able to use the services of the University Library as a
[11839]repository and research center.
[11841]4. The Conference opened on November 23, 1973, with a delay
[11842]of about half an hour. The delay may have been due to the installation
[11843]of recording equipment which literally covered the premises with a
[11844]tangle of wires of every kind. The Washington Post reports an
[11845]attendance exceeding 300. This is a generous estimate. After
[11846]deducting official speakers, recording personnel, and press
[11848]“representatives, the audience probably numbered no more than 150,
[11850]if that many.
[11855]cuassifify ar =. 006593 —
[11856]EXC oRasd Vhbe aan cPLA TION
[11857]SCHUH e arora ad ptr eee cee ge ADE MADRE.
[11858]: ° S 3ud) a rr ie od 1 mores
[11859]8 Wa lePeny tren ee ee wow
[11861]impossible to determine
[11865]13-00000
[11867]ni
[11869]OLURE!
[11871]5. Beards and long hair prevailed, and others stood out like a
[11872]sore thumb. There was not a single Negro in the audience, nor, that
[11873]morning, on the platform. Even the speaker who spoke on the case
[11874]of Martin Luther King was white.
[11876]6. Not all the speakers preannounced were present. The
[11877]chairman announced the absence of Richard Sprague. Another
[11878]speaker, a lawyer from Los Angeles whose name was drowned
[11879]out in the noise, was also absent. They were replaced by Dr. Robert
[11880]Forman and someone whose name sounded like ''Ed Kirkley".
[11882]7. The chairman announced that all the speeches would be
[11883]tape recorded for subsequent publication, He further invited the
[11884]audience to attend movies to be shown that night. One of these,
[11885]"Burn", was to be shown at the University. Others by prearrangement
[11886]would be shown at local movie theaters, The latter were connected
[11887]with the Kennedy assassination. The case of the President's murder
[11888]was in the center of the conference and, as noted by one of the
[11889]organizers (Smith), one half of the speakers were to center their
[11890]attention upon the Oswald case, ;
[11892]8. The chairman adhered strictly to the program and every
[11893]speaker mentioned in the program for the morning session of
[11894]November 23 spoke as specified. Of those who spoke, Norman
[11895]Mailer, Robert P. Smith and Ronald Van Doren deserve particular
[11896]attention, Their speeches in summary are reviewed below.
[11898]9. A table at the back of the audience presented recornmended
[11899]literature. The books included H. Weissberg's Whitewash and
[11900]Peter Noyes' Legacy of Doubt. For some reason there was a copy
[11901]of one paper only, that of George O'Toole's "Assassination Tapes''.
[11902]There was also a bibliography of political assassination; the foreword
[11903]to which lists the persons most actively collaborating with the
[11904]Committee.
[11906]13-00000
[11908]A
[11910]OLURLI
[11912]10, A publication circulated during the conference was the
[11913]November, 1973 issue of Computers and Automation which is to
[11915]be renamed, starting January 1, 1974, Computers and People.
[11917]The publication of articles such as "Nixon and the Mafia" which
[11918]concludes that Richard M. Nixon seems to be the embodiment of
[11920]a prediction that organized crime would someday put its own man
[11922]in the White House, seems somewhat curious in a magazine devoted
[11923]to the profession of data processing and the use of computers.
[11925]The magazine was established in 1951 by Berkeley Enterprises in
[11926]Massachusetts. Alger Hiss is among its contributors and an
[11927]abundance of articles by Richard Sprague on the subject of Watergate
[11928]published in the past year. ,
[11930]ll. Another organization which received publicity at the
[11931]Conference was The Committee for Action/Research on the
[11932]Intelligence Community (CARIC).
[11934]12. <A representative of Computers and Automation handed out
[11935]this publication free of charge to members of the audience. He took
[11936]notes with fantastic speed and apparent accuracy of everything said
[11937]during the proceedings.
[11939]13. The lights gave out at one point and did not come on again
[11940]during the morning session, The absence of current may have
[11941]affected the tape recording.
[11943]14, The morning session, due to close at 12:30, ended after
[11944]1:30 p.m. By this time the audience was impatient to have lunch,
[11945]and the resumption of the proceedings was therefore postponed to a
[11946]later hour. . .
[11948]15. No document of any kind was issued to the persons who
[11949]paid $15,00 to enter. Instead their hand was stamped with the name
[11950]of the organization which gave them access to all further meetings
[11951]that day and the next (the members of the audience were apparently
[11952]not supposed to wash their hands during this time), Names were
[11953]taken down, but no questions asked other than one's initial. No
[11954]information on address, occupation, etc. was required,
[11956]SECRET
[11958]13-00000
[11962]SECRET
[11964]16. Speech by Norman Mailer. This was beyond a doubt, the
[11965]most striking presentation during the Friday morning session.
[11966]Mailer spoke briefly and left the conference shortly after the speech.
[11968]17.. Mailer said that political intelligence as a subject was as
[11970]‘powerful as "peace'', Interest in assassination is obsessive. The
[11972]obsession arises from the fact that a solution to the problem is not
[11973]found, and attention is constantly drawn back to the unanswerable
[11974]question.
[11976]18, He said that we have here the most powerful nation in the
[11977]world which cannot come to grips with a question which seems as
[11978]amazingly simple as the Kennedy assassination. The result has
[11979]been that this nation has decided to shut down investigation and has
[11980]thus alienated itself from its own history. This alienation has
[11981]brought apathy, a trait noticeable in the reaction to investigations
[11982]which bring no wide response.
[11984]19. <A nation which rejects its own history is on the path toa
[11985]totalitarian regime. Facts, meanwhile, have a peculiar ability to
[11986]change when they are investigated, and investigators must therefore
[11987]rely upon hypothesis. The history of the last ten years has been
[11988]made unendurable by the abundance of hypotheses. ._They range
[11989]from the opinion that an assassination is an accident lacking any
[11990]particular sequence to the hypothesis that secret police forces are
[11991]engaging in a world conspiracy.
[11993]20. The present conference must help us to learn whether
[11994]there are possibilities, and what possibilities exist, to solve these
[11995]questions,
[11997]21. Speech by Robert P, Smith, Mr, Smith was described as
[11999]the director of research of the Committee, but he seems to be one
[12000]of the major motive forces in this organization,
[12002]22. ##Mr. Smith pointed out that he had spent the last three years
[12003]studying the Kennedy case. Much research had been done, but
[12004]nothing had changed, so far as practical action was concerned, in
[12005]the last nine years.
[12007]SECRET
[12009]13-00000
[12011]A
[12013]SECRET
[12015]27. Speech by Ronald Van Doren, Mr. Van Doren seems to be a
[12016]follower of Governor Wallace. He began by commenting on the sad
[12017]situation in a country with a judiciary where individuals have to make
[12018]conjectures regarding a case as obvious as that of Bremer. There is
[12019]no doubt that Bremer pulled the trigger. But one should examine the
[12020]political situation at the time of his action. Wallace was by far the
[12021]leading candidate in the election campaign, a threat to other candidates,
[12022]and he was winning the nomination. He represented a challenge to
[12023]both parties. Nothing he said could be interpreted as racist, and in
[12024]the economic sense he carried wide appeal. The question which faced
[12025]the other candidates was how he could be stopped from disrupting the
[12026]two parties and from preventing the re-election of the President.
[12027]History will show how he was stopped and why this occurred.
[12029]28. The case in defense of Wallace's civil rights was quietly
[12030]dropped. No proper investigation was conducted. As usual in
[12031]assassination cases there was a diary. It showed that Bremer was
[12032]acting alone and was deranged. Read as a piece of literature, the
[12033]diary presents Bremer as a non-person, an illiterate unable to spell.
[12034]There is nothing regarding the people he worked with. Meanwhile, if
[12035]one examines Bremer's background, he appears an entirely different
[12036]person, Why did he travel repeatedly to Ottawa? How did he manage
[12037]to carry guns on planes? What was he doing in New York? Why was
[12038]he in Washington? And where did he get his funds? The apartment
[12039]he rented exceeds his annual income. His mother could not afford
[12040]to visit him in prison, yet he dressed well. With whom was he
[12042]_ involved?
[12044]29. All this should be looked into. Watergate brought the
[12045]electoral campaign to the fore. Why has discussion of the Bremer
[12046]shooting been excluded from the investigation? Bremer. was a part
[12047]of the 1972 campaign, yet there is no mention of Wallace or of
[12048]Bremer. Two years from now Wallace will be back.
[12050]30. Speech by Ms. Meredith Rode. Ms. Rode was very brief.
[12052]She said she became interested in the killing of George Lincoln Rockwell
[12054]in 1970, and that the case was built on circumstantial evidence exclusively.
[12056]The case is still open, for the police believe that there was an accomplice.
[12057]No funds are available for defense. ,
[12059]SECRET
[12061]13-00000
[12063]SO SECRET
[12065]23. Although the National Archives are the repository for the
[12066]Kennedy assassination documents, the FBI and the CIA are
[12067]responsible for restricting research. Much of the 300 cubic feet
[12068]of documents have been printed, a reclassification in 1971 has
[12069]released 3,000 pages, and the CIA later released more, but none of
[12070]the material released has created any sensation, The Freedom
[12071]of Information Act is not as liberal on assassination material as on
[12072]other matters, Some material was not even turned over to the
[12073]Warren Commission, The FBI and the Justice Department are alone
[12074]in knowing the results of some tests.
[12076]~~. 24. In the non-governmental area, much has been published,
[12077]and the book by Peter Noyes must be singled out particularly.
[12079]25. Speech by Mr. Robert Hanson. Mr. Hanson has become
[12081]the counsel for Sirhan Sirhan, He studied to become an engineer
[12082]and then shifted to law. (To judge from the number of cases which
[12083]he says he has lost, heshouldhave remained an engineer instead of
[12084]becoming an attorney. )
[12086]Mr. Hanson said that the Sirhan case is pretty hopeless.
[12087]The trial was based on a 100 per cent belief in Sirhan's guilt.
[12088]Therefore important witnesses were not called, and no attention
[12089]was paid to ballistics. Scientific study, however, indicates that
[12090]Sirhan Sirhan may not even have been the person who committed
[12091]the crime. But even if it is proved that his gun did not kill
[12092]Robert Kennedy, this discovery may have no influence upon Sirhan's
[12093]case. California officials have no desire to reopen the case and
[12094]funds to handle the proceedings are lacking. A book by Tiger on
[12095]the case is worthy of note. Tiger claims that Sirhan Sirhan was
[12096]acting under hypnotic influence.
[12098]26. Speech by James Lesar. Mr. Lesar, who spoke on the
[12100]Martin Luther King assassination, declared that Ray was innocent,
[12101]and that the FBI and the Justice Department were responsible for
[12102]wrongly solving the crime, Ray was framed by conspirators. The
[12103]persons presently involved in Watergate played a role in the Ray
[12104]case investigation. No private agency - only a government agency -
[12105]can solve the Ray case. All depends on whether the judiciary acts
[12106]honestly or with political consideration in mind. As it stands today,
[12107]we see Ray's rights having been abominably violated; we see lawyers
[12108]who did not do their job; and we see nothing approaching an open
[12109]‘hearing.
[12111]_ 6
[12113]SECRET
[12115]13-00000
[12117]SECRET
[12119]31. There was also a speech by Robert Salzman who was
[12120]long-winded and technical. No useful coverage available.
[12122]32. Copies of materials which were available at the Conference
[12124]are attached.
[12126]A.
[12128]Cc.
[12130]D.
[12132]E.
[12134]American Political Assassinations: A Bibliography
[12135]of Works Published 1963-1970 Related to the Assassination
[12137]of John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Robert F.
[12138]; Kennedy. Compiled by The Committee to Investigate.
[12139]Assassinations, Washington, D,C., 1973.
[12141]"Decade of Assassinations -- 1963-1973", Committee
[12142]to Investigate Assassinations, 1973.
[12144]"Don't Read This Out Loud!" Intelligence Report,
[12145]The Committee for Action Research on the Intelligence
[12146]Community (CARIC),
[12148]Announcement, The announcement states that
[12149]Senator John Stennis will begin hearings on his
[12150]Bill to amend the National Security Act, in regard
[12151]to the clarification of the authority of the CIA.
[12153]-Assassination Tapes by George O'Toole. _
[12154]Published by Penthouse International Ltd., 1973.
[12156]Computers and Automation (Computers and People),
[12158]November, 1973, Volume 22, No 1l. -
[12160]SECRET
[12162]13+00000
[12164]A
[12166]ANNOUNCEMENT
[12168]Senator John Stennis, Chairman of the Armed
[12169]Services Committee, will begin hearings early in the
[12170]New Year on his Bill No. S.2597 -- to amend the National
[12171]Security act -- in regard to clarification of the .
[12172]authority of the CIA. .
[12174]The bill recently introduced by Senator Stennis
[12175]resulted in part from correspondence with Senator Edmund
[12176]Muskie, Chairman of the Senate Disarmament Subcommittee.
[12177]To some degree, these hearings were inspired by the
[12178]Watergate developments.
[12180]People with knowledge in the areas which might
[12182]be fruitful for investigation should be in touch with
[12184]Senator Stennis' Committee. For further information,
[12186]contact the Task Force For A Nuclear Test Ban,. Betty Lall
[12188]and Jo Pomerance, Co-Chairmen, care of the Project on
[12189]Budget Priorities, 1620 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.
[12191]20006.
[12193]13-00000
[12195]oe
[12197]- ¢ — ® PUBLICATIONS
[12198]CARES puolishes a biweekly INTELLIGENCE REPORT and a
[12199]ualterly naircd COUNTER-SPY featuring various articles examining
[12200]‘he stluc.ures and operations of U.S. Iniclligance, In addition, CARIC
[12201]vub ishes occisional pamphiets on various concepts in the craft of
[12203]‘ate ligansa, CARIC also provides reprints of selected articles on
[12205]‘ate liyer ca which have appeared in other publications.
[12207]- CARIS is ¢reparing a guide to U.S. Intelligence which will serve as a
[12208]citizar: access device to the hidden world of government operations. We
[12209],op:) that any controversy raised by this guide or any other CARIC
[12210]sub icatian will fead to public debate and resolution of the issues
[12211]Awolved. Our analysis is based in a firm belicf that no human being
[12212]should ta denicd life, liberty or the pursuit of happiness by our
[12213]overnment o%* its agents. CARIC publications aid the public effort to
[12214]‘su ‘e the vancration of this concept by: those in our government.
[12216]@ IN-FROM-THE-COLD HEARINGS
[12218]CARIS wil sponsor In-From-The-Cold Hearings featuring public
[12219]testimony by individuals intimately involved with U.S. Intelligence. The
[12220]‘earings will focus on American intervention abroad, domestic
[12221]repression in this country and the effects of secrecy on the individuals’
[12222]aersonality. Former intelligence workers and those who have been
[12223]victimized by the intelligence community will publicly relate their
[12224]vart-cipa'ion in activities of our government which can no longer be
[12225]ignored Ey youd citizens.
[12227]JOIN THE COUNTER-SPY
[12229]TEAM
[12231]Join with us in our effort to end “illegal, unconstitutional
[12233]and gross acts’ by our government. CARIG is entirely
[12235]supported by donations from American. citizens. Donate and
[12236]become a sponsoring member of the Committce for
[12237]Action/Research on the Intelligence Community. Sponsoring
[12238]members receive our bi-weekly INTELLIGENCE REPORT
[12240]and our quarterly COUNTER-SPY as well as additional —
[12242]information on government operations, CARIC actively seeks
[12243]the advice and viewpoints of all sponsoring members in our
[12244]activities. Write to CARIC, Box 647, Ben Franklin Station,
[12245]Washington, D.C, 20044, or call(202) 785-8330.
[12247]‘With your support we can prevent the visions of George
[12248]Orwell in 1984 from becoming an American reality. .
[12250]STOP THE SPYING
[12251]STOP TECHNOFASCISM
[12253]2 OD Be 688 28 OS OS GS OF 2 8 OS Oe 0 Oe nO ss we
[12254]! CARIC , A
[12255]Box 647.
[12256]me Ben Pranklin Station
[12257]Washington, D.C. 20044
[12259]I wish to sponsor the efforts of CARIC.
[12260]Ploase £ind enclosed my donation of ¢
[12262]I wish only to subscribe to the INTELLIGENCE
[12263]REPORT's and to COUNTER=SPY ($6/individual,
[12264]$10/organization) .
[12266]nu
[12268]g
[12269]8
[12271]zip
[12272]tO OF SS UE 0 20d OD ON OS OD MOS WO al Ot GD OD On os OD On
[12274]Cae
[12276]INTELLIGENCE REPORT
[12278]The Committee for Action Reasearch on we
[12279]Intelligence Community (CARIC)
[12281]\ .
[12283]4
[12286]13-00000
[12287]a
[12290]"ha headlines in Adicrican newspapers have for years told of Army
[12291]wy. iflence of civilians, U.S. spy planes being shot down over other
[12292]Gouwies, attempted coups and intrigue initiated by the CIA and
[12293]neestrained FBI wiretapping. Wa all know that Big Brother is
[12294]yetching, but no one in our government has takan the time to explain
[12295]vy is being spi! upon, and why we are being watched. Too often, wa
[12296]univrican citizens don’t even know who Big Brother és.
[12298]tn 1955, President Eisenhower accepted the report of the Hoover
[12299]‘unmnission on U.S. Intelligance. Among other recommendations, the
[12300]‘amissian emphasized the need for two “watchdog” commitices on
[12301]stehigenca within the executive and {cg:stative branches of
[12302]oscnment. Although a Fercign Intelligence Advisory Board (FIAB)
[12303]wy ‘stiblished to serve the President, Congress by an overwhelming
[12304]s..1ity has refused to establish a committee within the Segislative
[12305]i.och, Now, in the midst of the Watergate scandals, there is some
[12306]sevement within Congress to establish committees on the separate
[12308]“elligenge agencics. The result will be divided oversight with no —
[12310]-iianca that Congress will be able to stop illegal and unjustified
[12311]nving, With Congress abrogating its responsibilities, there is no agency
[12312]i savernment, directly responsible to the public, monitoring ithe
[12313]Juctad States Intelligence Community.
[12315]How former intelligence workers and concerned citizens have
[12316]orsed a national association to provide the vita’ information an aware
[12317]wihtie needs to know about government onerations. The Committee for
[12318]\stion/Research on the Intelligence Community (CARIC) is an
[12319]ae pendent “watchdog” on the government spy apparatus. CARIC,
[12320]pansored entirely by donations from American citizens, serves as an
[12322]Nernative source of analysis and informacion on the practices,.
[12324]witnization and objectives of U.S. Intelligerce. What clandestine
[12325]prations are being carried out in the name of America? Is the CIA
[12326]paring to entangle us in another war similar to the Indochina War?
[12327]“hat infermation is going into Federal, State, local and private data
[12329]ts an innocent American citizens? Is the FB! becoming a “secret
[12330]" he “2 force?” Whose phones are tapped in America? These are some of
[12331]h: eucstions CARIC is answering.
[12333]ZARIC knows that all conscientious America1s are closely watching
[12334]1. vents that have unfolded since the arrests made at the Watergate
[12335]atk ling. We share the hope of most Americans that the illegal
[12337]or ‘nage practices that have now been exposed will no longer be a part
[12339]“imerican political life. However, the disimar. tling of one espionage
[12341]oral loval (a one craup of politicians dees net insure that this abuse
[12342]weicr wall nat be repeated by future politicians.
[12344]Who knows what future political espionage will occur under the
[12345]guise of so-called “national security” or loyalty to an administration?
[12346]Only time will tell, but through diligence and your help CARIC will
[12347]anticipate and bring to your attention situations within the government
[12348]that are likely to produce a new “Watergate.”
[12350]Although CARIC does believe that a massive government spy
[12351]apparatus is at work in the world, we hope to dispel some of the
[12352]paranoia citizens naturally feel when there is talk of spies and wiretaps.
[12353]We know that the FB1 does not have agents behind every. tree, but there
[12354]are agents in every major community in this country who have spicd on.
[12355]innocent private and public citizens. Only a full and undisguised look
[12356]Into this hidden world can displace unwarranted fears, and guide the
[12357]public effort to end this illegal and unjustified espionage. The secrecy
[12358]with which the government surrounds itself must end.
[12360]CARIC knows that tens of thousands of American citizens from ail
[12361]walks of life were mobilized over the past decade to help bring an end
[12362]to the government's war in Indochina — a war that has taken new forms
[12363]under the direction of U.S. Intelligence agencies. CARIC hopes that
[12364]these same concerned citizens will continue to oppose the policies of
[12365]our government which bring this new form of covert war and the
[12366]Watergate scandals. It is now time for thousands of Americans to
[12367]mobilize to stop the spying as we stopped the dying. Please join us in
[12368]our effort.
[12370]THE COMMITTEE FOR ACTION/RESEARCH
[12371]ON THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY {CARIC)
[12373]INTELLIGENCE
[12374]REPORT
[12376]© CARIC ORGANIZATION
[12377]CARIC is organized to reflect the operating procedures of a typical
[12378]Intelligence organization. Our rescarch process involves collecting
[12379]information from a wide variety of sources both public and private. Our
[12380]analysis is the collective product of CARIC participants and eliminates
[12381]any csonipartmentalization of knowledge. The information and our
[12382]analysis is then disseminated through CARIC publications and separate
[12384]other journalists and qualified rescarchers,
[12386]. 3 orks by CARIC participants. In addition, CABIC provides information
[12388]@ INTELLIGENCE DOCUMENTATION CENTER (10)
[12390]CARIC is continuously collecting information on intellivence from a
[12391]variety of sources “including olficiat government oublizatioas and
[12392]documents, previous investigations, public accounts anc iterviuws
[12393]conducted with hundreds of former intelligence and jolice ager ts. The
[12394]information forms the data-base of the {ntelligence Oocumentatiun
[12395]Center maintained by CARIC, The IDC is a library cf informacion on
[12396]U.S, {Intelligence available upon request to journalists, q salitisd
[12397]researchers and members of CARIC.
[12399]© SPEAKFRS BUREAU AND WORKSH93PS .
[12400]CARIC maintairs a listing of members available to speak before
[12401]groups on a variety of subjects ranging from the foreign intelligence .
[12402]programs of our government to the problems of criminal justice in this
[12403]country, Our speakers include former intelligence workers, palice
[12404]agents and informers and others familiar with American int tlige 1¢¢.
[12405]CARIC will periodically conduct workshops tcr church, tabor,
[12406]school or community organizations. Workshop topics ‘nclurle:
[12407]¢ OPERATION PHOENIX ~ CIA assassination in Vietnan-
[12408]* SALEM HOUSE — Preparation for the coup in Caniboclia
[12409]« The CIA in Laos
[12410]* OPERATION BOULDER — An introduction to the ne<t A nerican —
[12411]war
[12412]¢ Right-wing terrorism in America
[12413]* Federal Planning for civil disturbances: Riots and d2mor-strations
[12414]* The {nternai Security apparatus and Watergate :
[12416]© MULTI-MEDIA BRIEFING
[12418]CARIC will: soon augment our workshops with a mutti-media
[12419]briefing on U.S. invelligence featuring films, video tapes, disp ays end
[12420]recorded interviews. The exhibit will dramatically ilk strate Intelligence
[12421]as practiced by our government. Our hope is to creat # super-consrious
[12422]realization by our audience of the concepts presented in th? display.
[12424]The first element of the multi-media bricfing is a slide show tracing
[12425]the growth of the intcinal security apparatus of our governn ent and
[12426]demonstrating how this apparatus influenced the Wetergate scan Isls,
[12427]The slide show terminates witty suggestions for tinting fice arth
[12428]of the internal security apparatus.
[12430]13-00000
[12432]November, 1973
[12434]se Vol 22, No. 11
[12436]Ouis
[12438]and automation
[12440]STARTING JANUARY 1, 1974 ce a] ore = Lat e cS
[12442]and people
[12444]UNTIL DECEMBER 31, 1973
[12446]WORKING TOGETHER
[12448]Cooperative Facilities to Obtain the Advantages of Computers — M. J. Cerullo
[12450]Control in Time-Sharing Systems — F.C. Gastillo
[12451]Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation — G. C. Hertlein
[12452]Computers in Science Fiction — M. Ascher
[12453]Strategy and Action on World Trade — J. H. Binger
[12454]Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions — J. P. Frankel
[12456]Nixon and the Mafia — Conclusion — J. Gerth
[12458]13-00000
[12460]‘Here is the start of the most famous article that we ever published — excerpted from the May, 1970, issue of
[12461]Computers and Automation. \f you would like to read this article, and look at the eleven photographs it contains,
[12462]send us $2 (prepayment is necessary). This issue is RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS FOR FULL REFUND (IF IN
[12464]SALABLE CONDITION). How can you lose?
[12466]Computers and Automation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160
[12468]THE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY:
[12470]THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS
[12471]TO THE PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE by
[12473]Cary
[12477].
[12478]1
[12480]Part 1. Introduction
[12482]Who Assassinated President Kennedy?
[12484]On November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, President
[12485]John F. Kennedy, while riding in an open limousine
[12486]through Dealey Plaza and waving to the surrounding
[12487]crowds, was shot to death. Lee Harvey Oswald, an
[12488]ex-Marine, and former visitor to the Soviet Union,
[12489]was arrested that afternoon in a movie theatre in
[12490]another section of Dallas; that night he was charged
[12491]with shooting President Kennedy from the sixth floor
[12492]easternmost window of the Texas School Book Deposi-
[12493]tory Building overlooking Dealey Plaza. This act
[12494]Oswald denied steadily through two days of question-
[12495]ing (no record of questions and answers was ever
[12496]preserved), Two days later while Oswald was being
[12497]transferred from one jail to another, he was shot
[12498]by Jack Ruby, a Dallas night-club owner, in the
[12499]basement of the Dallas police station, while mil-
[12500]lions of Americans watched on television. The com-
[12501]mission of investigation, appointed by President
[12502]Lyndon B. Johnson, and headed by Chief Justice Earl
[12503]Warren of the U. S. Supreme Court, published its
[12504]report in September 1964, and concluded that Oswald
[12505]was the sole assassin and that there was no conspir-
[12506]acy.
[12508]In view of the authority of the Warren Commis-
[12509]sion, that conclusion was accepted by many Americans
[12510]for a long time. But the conclusion cannot be con-
[12511]sidered true by any person who carefully considers
[12512]the crucial evidence — such as the physics of the
[12513]shooting, the timing of a number of events, and
[12514]other important and undeniable facts. In other
[12515]words, Oswald was not the sole assassin, and there
[12516]was a conspiracy.
[12518]- This article will develop that thesis, prove it
[12519]to be true on the basis of substantial, conclusive
[12520]evidence, and in particular some analysis of the
[12521]photographic evidence.
[12523]There was in fact a conspiracy. Oswald played
[12524]a role in the conspiracy, although there is con-
[12525]Clusive evidence that on November 22, 1963, he did ~
[12526]no shooting at President Kennedy, and that, just
[12527]as he claimed when he was in the Dallas jail. he
[12528]was a "patsy." At least three gunmen (and proba-
[12529]bly four) — none of whom were in the sixth floor
[12530]@asternmost window of the Texas School Book Depos-
[12531]itory building where the Warren Commission placed
[12532]Oswald — fired a total of six shots at President
[12533]Kennedy.
[12535]One of these shots missed entirely; one hit
[12536]Governor John B. Connally, Jr. of Texas, riding
[12537]with Kennedy; and four hit President Kennedy, one
[12538]in his throat, one in his back, and two in his
[12540]Richard E, Sprague
[12541]Hartsdale, New York
[12543]head. (The bulk of the undeniable evidence for
[12544]these statements about the shots consists of:
[12546](a) the physics of the motions of Kennedy and Con-
[12547]nally shown in some 60 frames of the famous film
[12548]by Abraham Zapruder; (b) the locations of the in-
[12549]juries in kennedy and in Connally; and (c) more
[12550]than 100 pictures, consisting of more than 30
[12551]still photographs and more than 70 frames of mo-
[12552]vies.) .
[12554]More than 50 persons were involved in the con-
[12555]spiracy at the time of firing the shots. These
[12556]persons included members of the Dallas police force
[12557](but not all of the Dallas police — and that ac-
[12559]{continued in the May 1970 issue of Computers and Automation)
[12561]Contents
[12563]Parts
[12564]Introduction
[12565]The Photographic Evidence
[12566]The Application of Computers to
[12567]the Photographic Evidence
[12568]Appendices:
[12569]Acknowledgements and Notices
[12570]Epilogue
[12571]Bibliography
[12573]Figures
[12575]Helicopter View of Dealey Plaza
[12577]Policemen and “Tramps”
[12581]Policemen and “Tramps”
[12583]Policemen and “Tramps”
[12585]6th Floor Easternmost Window of the
[12586]Texas School Book Depository
[12587]Bujlding
[12589]Kennedy About the Time of the First
[12590]Shot
[12592]Kennedy After the First Three Shots
[12593]and Before the Fatal Shot
[12595]The Radio Communicator
[12597]Charts
[12598]Spatial Chart
[12599]Schematic Timing Chart
[12601]Tables
[12602]Index to Spatial Chart
[12603]Photographs Acquired. by FBI and
[12604]Unavailable
[12605]Main List of Photographs
[12606]Preliminary List of Computer Codes
[12607]Preliminary Coding Sheet for
[12608]Computer-Assisted Analysis
[12611]13-00000
[12613]THE PURSUIT OF IMPORTANT TRUTH
[12615]The magazine Computers and Automation has for more
[12616]than three years followed an unusual publication policy:
[12618]— The pursuit of truth in input, output, and pro-
[12619]cessing, for the benefit of people,
[12621]and an unusual belief:
[12623]— That computers are too important to be left to
[12624]computer experts and must be integrated into a
[12625]socially responsible profession of information
[12626]engineering. us
[12628]Wh8recthis policy has operated most is in publishing
[12629]information, articles, and reports on subjects which a
[12630]great many liberal and progressive newspapers and peri-
[12631]odicals have left unexplored or unmentioned:
[12633]— The political conspiracies which have led to the
[12634]assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Sena-
[12635]tor Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King, and
[12636]others — and their coverups
[12638]— The conspiracies, coverups, and ties in connection
[12639]with the pursuit of war in Indochina and dictator-
[12640]ship by the Saigon regime
[12642]— The connections of President Richard M. Nixon
[12643]with organized crime and the Mafia
[12645]— The Watergate crimes
[12647]{f you believe in the value of truthful, frank reporting
[12648]on the most important topics for the welfare of the
[12649]people of the United States today, we urge you to sub-
[12650]scribe to our magazine, and buy our back copies (almost
[12651]every one is in print). Please help us pursue the important
[12652]truth and report on it, by buying our products.
[12654]CdS Behan Os
[12656]Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor
[12658]Unsettling, Disturbing, Critical ...
[12660]Computers and Automation, established 1951 and
[12661]therefore the oldest magazine inthe field of com-
[12662]puters and dats processing, believesthat the pro-
[12663]fession of information engineer includes not only
[12664]competence in handling information using computers
[12665]and other means, but also a broad responsibility,
[12666]in @ professional and engineering sense, for:
[12668]— The reliability and social significance of
[12669]pertinent input data;
[12671]— The social value and truth of the output
[12672]results. :
[12674]In the same way, a bridge engineer takes a pro-
[12675]fessional responsibility for the reliability and
[12676]significance of the data he uses, and the safety
[12677]and efficiency of the bridge he builds, for human
[12678]beings to risk their lives on.
[12680]Accordingly, Computers and Automation publishes
[12681]from time to time articles and other information
[12683]related to socially useful input and output of dats
[12684]systems in a broad sense. To this end we seek to
[12685]publish what is unsettling, disturbing, critical
[12686]—~ but productive of thought and an improved and
[12687]safer "house" for all humanity, an earth in which
[12688]our children and later generations may have a fu-
[12689]ture, instead of facing extinction.
[12691]The professional information engineer needs to
[12692]relate his engineering to the most important and
[12693]most serious problems in the world today: war,
[12694]nuclear weapons, pollution, the population explo-
[12695]sion, and many more.
[12697]weer eee ee ee ee eee {may be copied on any piece of paper) - - — -—- —- —-—-—-----—--—------
[12698]TO: Computers and Automation (Computers and People, starting January 1, 1974)
[12699]815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160, U.S.A.
[12700](_) ‘YES, please start my subscription to your magazine —
[12702]( _} Without the “Computer Directory”: { enclose (
[12703]( ) With the “Computer Directory”: t enclose (
[12705]( ) Please bill my organization.
[12707])U.S.A., $11.50 (  ) Canada, $12.50 (  ) Foreign, $17.50
[12708]) U.S.A., $23.50 (  } Canada, $24.50 .{ ) Foreign, $32.50
[12710](_) Please send me information about the important artictes in back copies (usual cost, $2 each)
[12712]Name: Title
[12713]Organization:
[12715]Address:
[12717]Signature: Purchase Order No.
[12720]13-00000
[12722]Vol 22, No. 11
[12723]November, 1973
[12725]Editor Edmund C. Berkeley
[12726]Assistant Barbara L. Chaffee
[12727]Editors Linda Ladd Lovett
[12728]Neil D, Macdonald
[12729]Software Stewart B, Nelson
[12730]Editor
[12731]Advegtising Edmund C, Berkeley
[12732]Direttor
[12733]Contributing —_ John Bennett
[12734]Editors Moses M. Bertin
[12735]Andrew D. Booth
[12736]dohn W. Carr III
[12737]Ned Chapin
[12738]Leslie Mezei
[12739]Bernhard W. Romberg
[12740]Ted Schoeters
[12741]Richard E. Sprague
[12742]Advisory Ed Burnett
[12743]Committee James J. Cryan
[12744]Bernard Quint
[12745]Editorial Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.
[12747]Offices 816 Washington St,
[12748]Newtonville, Mass. 02160
[12750]617-332-5453
[12751]Advertising The Publisher
[12752]Contact Berkeley Enterprises, inc.
[12754]815 Washington St.
[12755]Newtonville, Mass. 02160
[12756]617-332-5453
[12758]“Computers and Automation” is pub-
[12759]Ushed monthly, 12 Issues per year, at 815
[12760]Washington St, Newtonville, Mass. 02160,
[12761]by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. Printed in
[12762]U.S.A. Secand Class Postage paid at Boston,
[12763]Mass., and additional mailing points.
[12765]Subscription rates: United States, $11.50
[12766]for one year, $22.00 for two years. Canada:
[12767]add $1 8 year; foreign, add $6 a year.
[12769]NOTE: The above rates do not include
[12770]our publication “The Computer Directory
[12771]and Buyers’ Guide’. If you elect to re
[12772]ceive “The Computer Directory and Buyers’
[12773]Guide”, please add $12.00 per year to your
[12774]subscription rate in U.S, and Canada, and
[12775]$15.00 per year elsewhere.
[12777]Please address all mail to: Serkeley
[12778]Enterprises, inc., 815 Washington St, New-
[12779]tonvilie, Mass, 02160,
[12781]Postmaster: Piease send af! forms 3579
[12782]© Berkeley Enterprises, Inc., 815 Washing-
[12783]ton St., Newtonvilie, Mass. 02160.
[12785]Copyright 1973, by Berkeley Enter-
[12786]prises, Inc.
[12788]Change of address: if your address
[12789]changes, please send us both your new
[12790]address and your old address (as it ap
[12791]Pears on the magazine address imprint), and
[12792]allow three weeks for the chanae to be
[12794]UNTIL DECEMBER 31, 1973
[12796]computers
[12798]and automation
[12800]STARTING sawuany 1, 1974 co mm p ute rs
[12802]and people
[12804]The Computer Industry -
[12806]8 Cooperative Facilities to Obtain the Advantages (tT Al
[12807]_ of Computers
[12808]by Michael J. Cerullo, State University of New York,
[12809]Albany, N.Y.
[12811]How to plan, before operations begin, a cooperative service
[12812]bureau that will provide its sponsors with all the advantages
[12813]of electronic data processing, plus the advantages of greatly
[12814]reduced expenses.
[12816]10 Control in Time-Sharing Systems {T Al]
[12817]by Fermin Caro dei Castillo, Fort Worth, Texas
[12818]How time-shared computer systems should be controlled,
[12819]made secure, and protected against incursions and hazards.
[12821]14 Alienation and the Systems Anatyst {T A]
[12822]by Alan E. Brill, The Chase Manhattan Bank, New York, N.Y.
[12823]How systems analysts are often looked upon as in a
[12824]“computer department” and outside of the firm — and
[12825]what might be done to correct this practice. °.
[12827]Computers and Art
[12829]18 Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation {T A]
[12830]by Grace C. Hertlein, California State University-Chico,
[12831]Chico, Calif. :
[12832]How computer art is ranging through variation in patterns,
[12833]variations in design, and varying philosophies of art — and
[12834]where it may go.
[12836]Computers and the Future
[12838]20 Computers in Science Fiction — 11 {NT A]
[12839]by Marcia Ascher, Professor of Mathematics, Ithaca College,
[12840]Ithaca, N.Y. ;
[12841]A survey of some two dozen themes of importance in
[12842]the real world that are reflected in science fiction when
[12843]astute writers explore the significance of computers to
[12844]human beings.
[12846]6 The Understanding of Natural Language by Computers [NT E]
[12847]by Edmund C, Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation
[12848]Some rather convincing evidence suggests that before long
[12849]some large areas of ordinary natural language will be un-
[12850]derstood by computers.
[12852]World Affairs and Social Policy e
[12854]15 Strategy and Action on World Trade INT A]
[12855]by James H. Binger, Chairman, Honeywell Inc., Minneapolis,
[12856]Minn.
[12857]Why it is important for the well-being of the people of |
[12858]the United States to aid the international division of
[12859]‘labor and production: — a discussion bv the head of a
[12863]13-00000
[12865]The ‘magazine of the design, applications, and implications of
[12866]information processing systems — and the pursuit of truth in
[12867]input, output, and processing, for the benefit of people.
[12869]SE
[12871]World Affairs and Social Policy (continued)
[12873]33 Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions [NT A]
[12874]by J. P. Frankel, Dean of the Faculty, Harvey Mudd
[12875]College, Claremont, Calif.
[12876]Which projects and problems should scientists work on?
[12877]and which projects and problems should receive support
[12878]by the government and which from other sources?
[12880]The Profession of Information Engineer and the Pursuit of Truth
[12882]ZUnsettling, Disturbing, Critical {NT F]
[12883]Statement of policy by Computers and Automation
[12884]3 The Pursuit of Important Truth ; {NT F]
[12886]by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor
[12887]Four kinds of truth that are regularly unexplored and
[12888]. unmentioned.
[12890]36 Nixon and the Mafia — Conclusion {NT A]
[12891]by Jeff Gerth, SunDance Magazine, San Francisco, Calif.
[12892]The many connections of President Richard M. Nixon
[12893]with organized crime, scandal, etc.
[12895]26 Burying Facts and Rewriting History — tl INT A]
[12896]by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation
[12897]Taken together the information published May 1970 to
[12898]November 1973 in Computers and Automation effectively
[12899]destroys a large segment of the beliefs, the rewritten history,
[12900]that the establishment in the United States has arranged for
[12901]the people in the United States to believe.
[12903]28 Political Assassinations in the United States INT R]
[12904]Inventory of 41 articles published in Computers and ;
[12905]Automation May 1970 to October 1973 on the assassi-~
[12906]nations of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert
[12907]Kennedy, Reverend Martin Luther King, and other polit-
[12908]ically important persons in the United States: titles,
[12909]authors, and summaries.
[12911]27 The Watergate Crimes INT R]
[12912]Inventory of 12 articles published in Computers and
[12913]Automation August 1972 to September 1973 on the
[12914]burglarizing of the Democratic National Committee offices
[12915]in the Watergate Building, Washington, D.C., June 17,
[12917]1972, and the ramifications: titles, authors, and summaries.
[12919]Computers, Puzzles, and Games
[12921]35 Numbles . [Tt c}
[12922]by Neil Macdonaid
[12924]. Corrections
[12926]For changes in “The Path to Championship Chess by Computer” by
[12927]Professor Donald Michie published in the January 1973 issue of
[12928]Computers and Automation, see page 23 of this issue, or page 24 of
[12929]the July issue.
[12931]For changes in the reprinting and the indexing of “Communication —
[12932]Three Wav: Chimoanzee. Man. Comouter” .oublished in the Julv issue.
[12934]Front Cover Picture
[12936]Three eighth graders - each from
[12937]a different continent - are working
[12938]together to solve complex mathe-
[12939]matics problems. They are at the
[12940]new United Nations International
[12941]School, and are Laurence Ling May,
[12942]a Chinese-Thai American; Catharina
[12943]Nilson of Stockholm, Sweden; and
[12944]Arun Alagappan of India. The
[12945]minicomputer system is a gift from
[12946]Digital Equipment Corp. For more
[12947]information, see page 43 of th
[12948]July 1973 issue. .
[12950]Departments
[12952]42 Across the Editor’s Desk —
[12953]Computing and Data
[12954]Processing Newsletter
[12956]50 = Advertising Index
[12958]50 Calendar of Coming Events
[12960]32 «Classified Advertisement
[12962]48 Monthly Computer Census
[12964]46. New Contracts
[12966]47 ~— New Installations
[12968]23 «=Statement of Ownership
[12970]Key
[12972][Al — Article
[12973]{[C] — Monthly Column
[12974][E] — Editorial :
[12975](F] — Forum
[12976][INT] = Not Technical
[12977][IR] — Reference
[12978]‘{T]  — Technical
[12980]NOTICE’
[12982]*O ON YOUR ADDRESS IMPRINT
[12983]MEANS THAT YOUR SUBSCRIP-
[12984]TION INCLUDES THE COMPUTER
[12985]OIRECTORY. °N MEANS THAT
[12986]YOUR PRESENT SUBSCRIPTION
[12988]DOES NOT INCLUDE THE COM-
[12989]BUITER MIRECTARV , .
[12991]13-00000
[12993]EDITORIAL
[12995]The Understanding of Natural Language by Computers
[12997]Proposition: Computers are making long strides towards
[12998]understanding natural language as used by human
[12999]beings, and will eventually understand such language
[13000]as well as many human beings do.
[13002]What do we mean by: computers? understanding lan-
[13004]guage?-natural language? And what is the evidence for this
[13005]proposition?
[13007]The word “computers” here refers to powerful comput-
[13008]ers that have appropriate programs written by human be-
[13009]ings plus the programmed capacity to improve their pro-
[13010]grams by using experience. An example of such improve-
[13011]ment is Dr. A. L. Samuels’ famous checker-playing pro-
[13012]gram, which can learn from experience, and which plays
[13013]far better checkers than Dr. Samuels himself can play.
[13015]The experience may consist of the following at least:
[13017]Answers from human beings to questions posed by
[13018]the computer;
[13020]Differences between computed results and @ priori
[13021]specified results;
[13023]Signals from the environment, such as instrument
[13024]readings;
[13026]Information obtained by “looks” at the environment,
[13027]as for example recognition of the character A, as
[13028]in optical character recognition;
[13030]The interpretation of words, as with FORTRAN ex-
[13031]pressions.
[13033]Probably there are even more categories of experience
[13034]which a powerful computer program can use to modify it~
[13035]self to become even a better program.
[13037]In regard to “understanding language”, there are over
[13038]500 languages which computers have been programmed to
[13039]understand, when written precisely according to stated
[13040]tules: among them, BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, many
[13041]kinds of machine language, etc.
[13043]“Natural language” is the ordinary language used by hu-
[13044]man beings, subject to the requirement that for a computer
[13045]‘implicit understandings must be stated. For example, when
[13046]a speaker exclaims “Ouch!”, a great deal of the meaning
[13047]comes from the listener’s observations of the speaker. But
[13048]a computer, like a blind man, cannot “see” the situation,
[13049]and must be told more than the ordinary. listener.
[13051]With some definitions taken care of, let us consider evi-
[13052]dence for the main proposition stated above. This evidence
[13053]includes the information published in several recent ar-
[13054]ticles in Computers and Automation, ~
[13056]The article “Do What I Mean’ — The Programmer’s As-
[13057]sistant”, by Warren Tcitelman, in the April 1972 issue,
[13059]described a “‘programmer’s assistant”, called “DWIM”; this
[13060]was a “front end” or preprocessor to an interactive pro-
[13061]gram for operating with LISP expressions. The front end
[13062]was tolerant of the programmer’s mistakes in typing, in low-
[13064]mistake occurred, it would inquire of the human program-
[13065]mer what he meant, suggesting the correctly spelled alter-
[13066]native, and so on. In this way the human programmer was
[13067]relieved of much of the burden of expressing himself ex-
[13068]actly and correctly the first time, and his efficiency in
[13069]using the LISP interactive program greatly increased.
[13071]The three articles “Computer Programming Using Natu-
[13072]ral Language” by Edmund C. Berkeley, Andy Langer, and
[13073]Casper Otten, in the June, July, and August 1973 issues,
[13074]demonstrated the understanding by a computer program
[13075]called GENIE of at least some sets of instructions in ordi-
[13076]nary natural language. The vocabulary though small was
[13077]free; and there was unlimited freedom in putting the words
[13078]together, with about a 90% chance of complete under-
[13079]standing. The computer program that did this could be
[13080]called 15% GENIE, because, as the authors emphasized, it
[13081]was still in an early stage of development.
[13083]The article “Latest Computers See, Hear, Speak, and
[13084]Sing — and May Outthink Man” by David Brand, in the
[13085]October 1973 issue, enumerated many instances of com-
[13086]puters (and robots equipped with computers) which could
[13087]deal with concepts expressed in natural language. One of
[13088]the programs mentioned could for example decipher natu-
[13089]ral language commands dealing with the stacking of blocks
[13090]of various shapes, sizes, and colors.
[13092]The main tasks for understanding natural language ap-
[13093]pear to be the following:
[13095]Recognition of the framework of a sentence;
[13097]Recognition of the common meaning of groups of
[13098]synonyms, the collection of words that “say
[13099]the same thing”;
[13101]Knowledge of context: the context is regularly
[13102]specified to the computer, so that it does not
[13103]have to deduce the context from “what is being
[13104]said”; .
[13106]Knowledge of a limited vocabulary consisting of per-
[13107]haps 300 to 500 words — knowledge in the sense
[13108]that the computer program can attach meaning to
[13109]the words either by themselves or in phrases, as
[13110]for example it may attach the meaning of doing
[13111]something three times to the numeral 3;
[13113]Capacity to accept variation in the way something is
[13114]stated by a human programmer.
[13116]The three articles referred to above show instances of
[13117]the achievement of all of these tasks separately. Combin-
[13118]ing all the achievements should not be too hard, especially
[13119]since children as young as four years old show complete
[13120]capacities to listen to many kinds of natural language, un-
[13122]derstand, and respond.
[13123]Sarwndc. Bahay
[13125]_ --_
[13127]|
[13128]|
[13130]13-00000
[13132]' o The Notebook on
[13133]COMMON SENSE, ELEMENTARY AND ADVANCED
[13135]is devoted to development, exposition, and illustration of what
[13136]may be the most important of all fields of knowledge:
[13138]WHAT IS GENERALLY TRUE AND IMPORTANT
[13140]JUDGEMENT
[13141]AND
[13142]MATURITY
[13144]WISDOM
[13146]ty
[13148]TECHNIQUES
[13149]FOR
[13151]SOLVING
[13152]PROBLEMS
[13154]TECHNIQUES SOME PARTS SOME PARTS AVOIDANCE
[13155]“FOR OF OF +
[13156]AVOIDING OPERATIONS LOGICAL
[13157]MISTAKES RESEARCH FALLACIES
[13159]PURPOSES:
[13161]to help you avoid pitfalls
[13163]to prevent mistakes before they happen
[13165]to display new paths around old obstacles
[13166]to point out new solutions to old problems
[13168]to stimulate your resourcefulness
[13170]to increase your accomplishments
[13172]to improve your capacities
[13174]to help you solve problems
[13176]to give you more tools to think with
[13178]ae REASONS TO BE INTERESTED IN THE FIELD OF
[13179]COMMON SENSE, WISDOM, AND GENERAL SCIENCE
[13181]COMPUTERS are important —
[13183]But the computer field is over 25 years old. Here is a new
[13184]field where you can get in on the ground floor to make
[13185]your mark.
[13187]MATHEMATICS is important —
[13189]But this field is more important than mathematics, because
[13190]common sense, wisdom, and general science have more
[13191]applications.
[13193]WISDOM is important —
[13195]This field can be reasonably calied “the engineering of
[13196]wisdom”,
[13198]COMMON SENSE is important —
[13200]This field includes the systematic study and development of
[13201]common sense. .
[13203]SCIENCE is important —
[13205]This field includes what is common to all the sciences, what
[13206]Is generally true and important in the sciences.
[13208]MISTAKES are costly and to be AVOIDED — .
[13209]This field includes the systematic study of the prevention o
[13210]mistakes.
[13212]MONEY is important —
[13214]The systematic prevention of mistakes in your organization
[13215]Might save 10 to 20% of its expenses per year.
[13217]OPPORTUNITY is important —
[13219]If you enter or renew your subscription to both Computers
[13220]and Automation and the Notebook on Common Sense at
[13221]the same time, direct to us, — you may take off $2.00 per
[13222]year from the total cost.
[13224]ANALYSIS
[13226]THE SYSTEMATIC
[13228]PREVENTION OF MISTAKES
[13230]Already Published
[13232]Preventing Mistakes from:
[13234]Failure to Understand
[13235]Forgetting
[13236]Unforeseen Hazards
[13237]Placidity
[13239]To Come
[13241]Preventing Mistakes from:
[13243]Bias
[13245]Camouflage
[13246]interpretation
[13247]Distraction
[13248]Gullibility
[13250]Failure to Observe
[13251]Failure to Inspect
[13252]Prejudice
[13254]’ : (may be copied on any piece of paper}
[13256]Topic:
[13257]SYSTEMATIC EXAMINATION
[13258]OF GENERAL CONCEPTS
[13259]Already Published
[13261]The Concept of:
[13262]Expert
[13263]Rationalizing
[13264]Feedback
[13265]Model
[13266]Black Box
[13267]Evolution
[13269]_ Niche
[13271]To Come’
[13273]Strategy
[13274]Understanding
[13275]Teachabie Moment
[13276]indeterminacy
[13278]System
[13280]Operational Definition
[13282]To: Computers and Automation
[13283]815 Washington St.; Newtonville, Mass. 02160
[13285]( ) Yes, please enter my subscription to The Notebook on Common
[13286]Sense, Elementary and Advanced at $12 a year (24 issues), plus
[13287]extras. [ understand that you always begin at the beginning
[13289]‘ and so | shatl not miss any issues.
[13291]{ ) Please send me as free premiums for subscribing:
[13293]1, Right Answers — A Short Guide to Obtaining Them ‘4. Strategy in Chess
[13295]2. The Empty Column 5. The Barrels and the Elephant
[13297]3. The Golden Trumpets of Yap Yap 6. The Argument of the Beard
[13298]( ) Lenclose $ { ) Please bill my organization
[13300]‘ RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS FOR FULL REFUND IF NOT SATISFACTORY
[13302]HOW CAN YOU LOSE? °
[13303]Name Title
[13304]Organization :
[13305]Address (including zip)
[13306]Signature Purchase Order No.
[13308]13-00000
[13310]Cooperative Facilities to Obtain
[13312]the Advantages of Computers
[13314]Michael J. Cerulio
[13316]Asst. Professor of Accounting
[13318]State Univ. of New York at Albany
[13319]1400 Washington Ave.
[13321]Albany, N.Y. 12222
[13325]“Because of general dissatisfaction, 30% of the surveyed service bureau clients
[13326]planned to discontinue using service bureaus. “ .
[13328]Computer Use
[13330]A recent study of 2,500 companies conducted by
[13331]the Research Institute of America, revealed that 55%
[13332]of the firms regularly use computers in conducting
[13333]their business. Further breakdown of the study
[13334]shows that an average of 32% own or lease their own
[13335]computers, and 23% use an outside service bureau for
[13336]processing data.
[13338]While a majority of the companies surveyed do use
[13339]computers in some form, a significant 45%.of. the re-
[13340]Spondents do not use any type of computerized data
[13341]processing service. Those companies cited the fol-
[13342]lowing reasons for not using computers:2
[13344]Per Cent
[13346]Operation too small
[13348]Too costly . 35
[13349]Looked into and tabled for the present 31
[13350]Present methods satisfactory 21
[13351]Plan to install a computer within a 8
[13353]year
[13354]Plan to begin using a service bureau 8
[13355]: within a year
[13357]Other 13
[13358]Total (multiple answers) 166%
[13360]Service Bureau Use
[13362]In addition to the non-users, another recent
[13363]Study revealed that most service bureau clients are
[13364]not effectively using their service bureau and, as
[13365]& result, are receiving few, if any, of the advan-
[13366]tages of electronic: data processing (EDP). Most
[13367]of the surveyed service bureau clients were:3
[13369]1. Receiving routine services which do not save
[13370]- them money.
[13372]2. Not planning to expand into more sophisticated,
[13373]- higher-payoff applications.
[13375]3. Not receiving indirect benefits and savings,
[13376]such as improved information for decision
[13377]making.
[13379]4, Not satisfied with current services.
[13381]The study also disclosed that because of the gen-
[13382]eral dissatisfaction, 30% of the surveyed service
[13383]bureau clients planned to discontinue using service
[13384]bureaus and purchase in-house computers.4
[13386]Cooperative Service Bureaus
[13388]Both non-users and dissatisfied service bureau
[13389]clients, therefore, offer a ready market for a newer
[13390]approach to obtaining the advantages of EDP — the
[13391]formation of a cooperative service bureau. A coop-
[13392]erative service bureau consists of several sponsor-
[13393]ing firms who jointly own a computer and share in
[13394]its operating costs at a much lower expense than in-
[13395]dividual ownership of a computer. If carefully
[13396]planned before operations begin, a cooperative ser-
[13397]vice bureau will provide its sponsors with ail the
[13398]advantages of EDP plus many other advantages unique
[13399]to jointly-shared facilities and personnel.
[13401]Among these additional advantages are:
[13403]1. The sponsors would purchase a computer tai-
[13404]lored to their specific needs.
[13406]2. They would have’ exclusive use of the computer.
[13408]3. Their computer would he available for use at
[13409]any time.
[13411]4. They could share the costs of any computer
[13412]programs developed.
[13414]5S. They could share the costs of any package or
[13415]canned computer programs purchased.
[13417]6. They would have available for their exclusive
[13418]use a staff of data processing experts and
[13419]& computer — at a fraction of the cost of
[13420]individual ownership.
[13422]Factors Insuring the Success of the Cooperative
[13423],
[13425]The first step in forming a successful coopera-
[13426]tive service bureau ‘is to enroll an appropriate num-
[13427]ber of comapnies. Ideally the cooperative should be
[13428]limited to five or six sponsoring firms. A larger
[13429]number may create unmanageable problems involving
[13430]operations, communications, control. scheduling of
[13431]computer time, and so forth. A smaller number may
[13432]make the venture economically unfeasible.
[13434]13-00000
[13436]. ‘ Lack of Interest
[13438]At the present time, widespread lack of interest
[13439]fs Joining @ cooperative is more of a problem to po-
[13440]qestial organizers than too much demand. The author
[13441]eonstacted a number of public accounting firms about
[13442]the feasibility of forming cooperatives and found
[13443]trat three firms who had already made such an at- ;
[13444]teapt could not interest enough firms to join. Their
[13445]comments were:
[13447]= We tried to organize one several years ago;
[13448]the firms contacted were not interested.
[13450]— We would like to explore this possibility
[13451]but we can't get anyone else interested.
[13453]— At present there appears to be a tragic lack
[13454]of interest locally by other CPA firms.
[13457]Crquestionably, one reason for the lack of inter-
[13458]est is a misunderstanding of the true nature of a
[13459]cooperative. Interested companies must therefore be
[13460]prepared to sell the idea to others. As more pub-
[13461]lished material becomes available in the field, this
[13462]problem should be alleviated.
[13464]Confidential Information
[13466]A second major reason for lack of interest is
[13467]that companies fear for the control and security of
[13468]thelr confidential or sensitive information. Such a
[13469]eoncern is certainly legitimate and underscores the
[13470]aeced for a cooperative that is to be successful, to
[13471]devise an adequate system for quality control and
[13472]security. A committee responsible for such a system
[13473]should be established at the outset by the sponsor-
[13474]beg firms.
[13476]Protection
[13478]One of its duties should be to adequately safe-
[13479]guard the sponsors’ records and documents against
[13480]fire, theft, water, and other hazards and disasters.
[13481]Statistics compiled by the Safe Manufacturers Na-
[13482]tional Association show that about one-half of com-
[13483]panies whose important records and documents were
[13484]destroyed through some catastrophe never resumed
[13485]business or were permanently closed down within six
[13486]Sonths; an additional 13% suffered serious economic
[13487]tapairment and were able to remain in business only
[13488]under severe operating handicaps.5 For this reason
[13489]the quality control and security committee must see
[13490]thatthe cooperative service bureau maintains:
[13492]Protective devices
[13494]fireproof vaults
[13496]a@ method of reconstructing any destroyed
[13497]records
[13499]adequate insurance to cover loss of impor-
[13500]tant client records or documents
[13502]The committee must also take measures to prevent
[13503]one client's records from becoming commingled with
[13504]Seother client's records — a not-unlikely occurrence
[13505]$0 such an environment.
[13507].
[13509]Preventing Disclosure
[13511]Finally, the committee should determine how to
[13512]Prevent disclosure of confidential ipformation. For
[13513]*aaaple, no member of any sponsoring company should
[13514]be allowed in certain Strategic parts of the com-
[13515]peler center. Likewise, each company's records
[13516]. phovia be coded and the code number known only to
[13518]*y computer center personnel. In cases requiring
[13519]stwost security, the actual processing of data
[13520]should be monitored by a key employee of the com-
[13521]Peter center or possibly by a representative of a
[13523]disinterested third party, such as a firm of inde-
[13524]pendent public accountants.
[13526]Sharing of Expenses: Startup Costs
[13528]With an adequate number of sponsoring firms lined
[13529]up and a sound security system worked out. the third
[13530]necessity in establishing a successful cooperative
[13531]is to determine methods of sharing the expenses.
[13532]There are two categories of costs to consider:
[13534]1. Startup costs. These include all costs incur-
[13535]red prior to the time that the cooperative commences
[13536]operations. Startup costs are either directly
[13537]traceable to a particular firm or are joint or com-
[13538]mon to all firms. An example of a direct cost would
[13539]be that of analyzing, modifying, and redesigning of
[13540]Systems prior to conversion to the computer. An ex-
[13541]ample of a joint or common cost would be the cost of
[13542]computer housing, including air conditioning, engi-
[13543]neering supervision, false floors, ducts and pipes,
[13544]tranformers or motor generators, cabling and wiring,
[13545]and overhead racks and supports.
[13547]Each sponsoring firm should pay for its own di-
[13548]rect costs. Joint costs should be shared equally or
[13549]apportioned among the firms according to some equi-
[13550]table formula.
[13552]° Operating Costs
[13554]2. Operating costs. These include the monthly
[13555]hardware and software costs to operate the coopera-
[13556]tive. Hardware costs refer to the periodic rental
[13557]or purchase charge for the computer equipment. As a
[13558]minimum the computer equipment consists of an input
[13559]unit, a central processing unit, and an output unit.
[13560]Software costs include personnel costs, programming
[13561]costs, testing and debugging costs, magnetic tapes,
[13562]disc packs, punched cards. paper, paper tapes, re-
[13563]pair parts, power, telecommunication lines, and so
[13564]on.
[13566]Operating costs that are directly traceable
[13567]should be paid by the using firm. Joint or common
[13568]costs can be shared equally or can be allocated to
[13569]each firm based on the number of transactions pro-
[13570]cessed or the actual computer processing time used
[13571]during the period. In addition, if so desired, a
[13572]sponsor could be required to pay a minimum or maxi-
[13573]mum monthly charge.
[13575]Management
[13577]Fourthly, the sponséring companies should decide
[13578]how to manage the venture. It is advisable to form
[13579]&@ committee to oversee the management and operation
[13580]of the cooperative. A decision must be made whether
[13581]each member regardless of size should have one vote
[13582]or whether another basis of voting should be used.
[13583]This decision should assure participants that no one
[13584]firm will dominate or control the cooperative.
[13586]Common Line of Business
[13588]7
[13590]A factor not to be overlooked when forming a co-
[13591]operative, one which will avoid frustrations, com-
[13592]plications, and extra expenses, is to see that each
[13593]member is in the same industry or business category.
[13594]Thus all sponsoring firms will have similar operat-
[13595]ing problems that can be simultaneously solved by
[13596]the computer personnel, resulting in the allocation
[13597]of smaller costs to each firm for each problem
[13598]solved. Also computer programs developed or pack-
[13599]aged programs purchased can be shared by all spon-
[13600]sors with minimum modifications, thus resulting. in
[13601]considerable programming cost savings.
[13603](please turn’ to page 13)
[13605]13-00000
[13607]Control in Time-Sharing Systems
[13609]Fermin Caro del Castillo
[13610]6043 Westridge Lane
[13611]Fort Worth, Texas 76116
[13613]“A time-sharing installation (like every computer environment) is exposed to the seven major
[13614]dangers: fire, water, theft, fraud, sabotage, equipment malfunctions, and human errors.”
[13616], , fy
[13617]— to
[13618]~ Introduction
[13620]This article has as its main objective to furnish
[13621]and define some methods and provisions for control
[13622]and security in a computer time-sharing environment.
[13624]It is evident that computer time-sharing has be-
[13625]come very popular during recent years, More and
[13626]more confidential information is being handled by
[13627]these systems, creating an urgent need for strong
[13628]measures of control and security.
[13630]Description of the System
[13632]The service provided by a single computer to many
[13633]telecommunications terminals has been called "com-
[13634]puter time-sharing”. With this type of service each
[13635]user shares simultaneously in the processing capa-
[13636]bilities of the central processor. This new com-
[13637]puter facility makes this service available to small
[13638]companies and/or other users who have little need
[13639]for their own computer.
[13641]Computing services that may go under the heading
[13642]of time-sharing include:
[13644]Commercial computing; text editing; databank
[13645]information retrieval services; application
[13646]services such as colleges' records, inventory
[13647]control, payrolls of small companies, and ac-
[13648]count receivables; administrative messages;
[13649]switching and collection services; and more.
[13651]Among the great number of time-sharing users are
[13652]hospitals (Welch Hospital, one of the biggest in
[13653]Europe, has acquired the large ICL 1904S computer
[13654]with 7020 terminals), banks (Gosbank, the national
[13655]bank of the USSR, has ordered two large-scale Honey-
[13656]well series 600 with 100 terminals), schools and
[13657]colleges (British schools and colleges have started
[13658]using terminals), airlines (Continental Airlines
[13659]uses the Sonic 360 reservation system with 550 on-
[13660]line terminals).
[13662]Trends
[13664]The growth in computer time-sharing has beén phe-
[13665]nomenal in recent years in spite of a short business
[13666]recession between 1970 and 1972, Time sharing was a
[13667]broker's dream in the '60s; many companies realized
[13668]its potential, entered the market, and failed be-
[13669]cause of: one, strong competitive pressure, and two,
[13670]because of the countless thefts and violations suf-
[13671]fered. The highly competitive situation benefited
[13672]the user in regard to pricing, but the offsetting
[13673]consequence of lower profits caused a high casualty
[13674]Tate among these companies, As a result, the number
[13675]of time-sharing firms dropped from 150 to 50 between
[13676]1969 and 1972,
[13678]A few of the companies which survived and which
[13679]account for most of today's time-sharing business
[13680]are Rapidata Corporation, Teletype Corporation (a
[13681]subsidiary of AT&T), Tymeshare Incorporated (the
[13682]largest independent firm and second only in size to
[13683]IBM and Honeywell time-sharing operations), and IBM
[13685]Jerry Dreyer, executive president of ADAPSO, an
[13686]‘association of data processing service organizations
[13687]estimates that one time-sharing company out of three
[13688]was profitable in 1971, two out of five in 1972, and
[13689]probably three out of six in 1973. Nowadays, this
[13690]computer facility is coming back to its original
[13691]trend, and it is expected that the number of com-
[13692]puters with terminals will grow from 32% at the end
[13693]of 1971 to 45% at the end of 1975, with the average
[13694]central processing unit driving 15 to 20 terminals.
[13696]One consultant, Creative Strategies of Palo Alto,
[13697]California, predicts that time-sharing sales by 1976
[13698]will increase to 2 billion from 331 million last
[13699]year, By 1975, says ADAPSO's Dreyer, time-sharing
[13700]will account for 1/3 of the $4.5 billion computer
[13701]services industry.
[13703]Technological Advances
[13705]Most important technological advances have been
[13706]achieved recently on on-line terminals linked to
[13707]central processors. Some of the improvements made
[13708]include solid state keyboards, which have greater
[13709]reliability and lower cost; visual display methods,
[13710]which incorporate more capacity, economy, and aes-
[13711]thetic appeal; non-impact printing techniques, which
[13712]provide faster, quieter and more reliable opera-
[13713]tions; improved lower cost memories; more powerful
[13714]logic capability; and faster and more accurate
[13715]modern techniques and improvements in central proc-
[13716]essor software,
[13718]This is only the beginning. It is foreseen that
[13719]in the future the equipment itself will change in
[13720]nature and will probably not be recognizable as
[13721]terminals per se. Rather, terminals wil] be modu-
[13722]lar systems consisting of the required input/output
[13723]functions for specific jobs, built around basic con-
[13724]troller and communication interfaces; in many in-
[13725]stances, terminals will become special purpose de-
[13726]vices.
[13728]Hazards °
[13730]A time-sharing installation, like every computer
[13731]environment, is exposed to the seven major dangers
[13732]of fire, water, theft, fraud, sabotage, EDP equip-
[13733]ment malfunctions, and human errors. Fire is con-
[13734]sidered to be the greatest threat to magnetic tapes.
[13735]Water does not constitute an important hazard to
[13736]magnetic tapes, but it does to computer installa-
[13738]13-00000
[13740]: ft, fraud, sabotage, EDP equipment mal-
[13741]thea ate and human errors are considered the most
[13743]aempoa dangers.
[13745]Oe-ifne terminals connected to central processors
[13746]frag ve@ecte points are more exposed to violations
[13747]eet thefts, The increasing popularity of time-
[13748]sverteg systems among large corporations and ser-
[13749]sice bureaus has given rise to even more potential
[13750]wecerity breaches, Data transmitted over a com-
[13751]eusicetton line could be subject to wire tapping and
[13752]oe ewer of other hazards such as piggyback entry,
[13753]eteredy the intruder intercepts and compromises
[13754]dmmaication between a terminal and the processor
[13755]stile @ legitimate user is inactive but still hold-
[13756]iz the line open. The intruder can even cancel
[13757]tae eser’s sign-off signal and continue operating
[13758]je bis mame. A knowledgeable person could enter
[13759]grepees changes from a termina] and play havoc with
[13760]Ite System,
[13762]Need for Protection
[13764]Due to the increasing popularity of computing
[13765]services, the issue of control and security pro-
[13766]tection has become more important. It is evident
[13767]tte time-sharing systems present few obstacles to
[13768]aeeuthorized parties, The security problem has been
[13769]sade much more critical by the growing number of
[13770]people trained in computers and by the fading of the
[13771]tamputer mystique. In addition, communication by
[13772]erens of time-sharing systems has no more protection
[13773]than telephone conversations or Morse-coded methods,
[13774]thace the technological skills necessary to inter-
[13775]pret computerized data are widespread. More and
[13776]@ore companies are appointing security monitors from
[13777]thelr EOP staffs to centralize security matters,
[13778]Trade organizations such as the American Management
[13779]Association and the Bank Administration Institute,
[13780]computer firms, and research firms such as Advance-
[13781]eval Management Research, Inc. find their seminars
[13782]ea computer security overcrowded by data processing
[13783]Gasegers and security officers from business and
[13784]qesernment,
[13786]Target of Attacks
[13788]Computers have become an important source of in-
[13789]formation and, as a result, the target of many at-
[13790]Vachs. Some of the general information targets for
[13791]{sdustrial espionage are sales and service informa-
[13792]thoa, market analysis strategies, bid prices, cor-
[13793]borate finance, stockholder information, legal ne-
[13794]votfations, planned policy changes, expansion plans,
[13795]product developments, personnel changes, payroll
[13796]date, general administrative matters; and the list
[13797]tevld be expanded even more,
[13799]Threats
[13801]The case of an 16 year-old Cincinnati youth who
[13802]sted long distance telephone to tap the lines of a
[13803]Ulme sharing system firm in Louisville, Kentucky,
[13804]sed extracted data from its ledgers, as well as rec-
[13805]re of its customers, is representative of the type
[13806]ef eisk to which computer installations are exposed.
[13808]ue eeldents can have serious consequences such as
[13810]a ectdent in which income tax return records for
[13812]; “ere erased by energy emitted from the radar of
[13813]Scerby airport in Austin, Texas.
[13815]Safeguards
[13817]weal As faportant to consider that too much control
[13818]come ©O many security safeguards can become bother-
[13819]sesctnn costly, The measures to protect data from
[13820]hice Orized access vary from one system to another.
[13821]ee nine to Richard F, Cross, Security Office for
[13822]ank of New York. security svstems should ine
[13824]clude each of the following segments: physical se-
[13825]curity; personnel security; procedural security;
[13826]audit control; insurance; and any needed interfacing.
[13828]The quality and level of protection required de-
[13829]pends on the sensitivity of the data handled, Never-
[13830]theless, control and security in a time-sharing en-
[13831]vironment should encompass the whole system, since
[13832]it is well known that even the strongest control
[13833]measures can be violated at the weakest point. These
[13834]measures should be taken in the central processing
[13835]unit, software, personnel, communication lines, the
[13836]terminal, and its users.
[13838]Methods and Provisions —
[13839]Central Processing Unit
[13841]The central processor is threatened mostly by
[13842]sabotage, fire, water, theft, EDP equipment mal-
[13843]functions, human accidental errors and environmen-
[13844]tal problems.
[13846]The computer center of any company is the heart
[13847]of the organization, and protection of the equip-
[13848]ment against these threats can be provided by a
[13849]carefully planned computer room. Luis Scoma, Presi-
[13850]dent of Data Processing Security, Inc., recommends
[13851]that the computer center be located out of the main
[13852]traffic areas. It must be fireproof, dustfree, and
[13853]waterproof and provided with temperature and humid-
[13854]ity control and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.
[13855]Water lines should not run through the computer
[13856]room. A separate, fireproof storage area should be
[13857]provided for data files, documentation, and oper-
[13858]ating supplies. It should also have alarm devices
[13859]sensitive to magnetism, humidity, heat, pressure,
[13860]dust, theft, power blackout, etc. There should be
[13861]strong access control including armed guards,
[13862]fenced areas, TV monitors, personnel identification
[13863](visual, voice print, fingerprint, badge, passwords,
[13864]etc.), well-performed maintenance service, and a
[13865]number of extra provisions for protection,
[13867]Data Processing Security, Inc. has developed, for
[13868]high security necessities, an electronically oper-
[13869]ated double door entry system for access control in-
[13870]to the computer room, When a person enters the buf-
[13871]fer zone, the door locks behind him while he is sub-
[13872]jected to electronic search. If something is de-
[13873]tected, the system freezes and automatically alerts
[13874]the security guard. The second door can be opened
[13875]only with a special badge key.
[13877]A carbon dioxide (C09) fire extinguishing system,
[13878]such as the one installed at the Chase Manhattan
[13879]Bank's New York City headquarters, has proved use-
[13880]ful. Engineered by Walter Kidde & Co., Inc., this
[13881]System uses a battery of remotely located cylinders
[13882]containing the liquid gas. When activated by smoke
[13883]detectors, the gas discharges and builds up an in-
[13884]ert atmosphere in the immediately surrounding area,
[13885]extinguishing the fire without damaging equipment or
[13886]data files. Employees can go back to work within
[13887]five minutes after the fire has been put out and the
[13888]ventilation systems restarted.
[13890]Another fire-fighting system which has been de-
[13891]veloped by the Ansul Company uses Halon extinguish-
[13892]ing agents which are discharged in the form of a
[13893]colorless, odorless, and non-toxic gas. *Since Halon
[13894]agents do not work by diluting oxygen, they are
[13895]well-suited for areas. where humans are present,
[13897]The Guaranty Bank and Trust Co. of Worcester,
[13898]Mass., has adopted another approach to fire-fighting,
[13899]a system installed by Security Control Systems which
[13900]detects fire, smoke and excessive temperatures and
[13901]humiditv fluctuations and causes a monilesing and
[13903]13-00000
[13905]reporting device to alert four pre-selected phone
[13906]numbers for help.
[13908]Software
[13910]Protection of data files, whether in the form of
[13911]punch cards, magnetic tapes, or discs, is the key
[13912]element in any computer facility.
[13914]Some specific examples of software security con-
[13915]trol measures are audit trails, access regulations,
[13916]strong supervision of computer operators, the use
[13917]and control of programs utilizing program documen-
[13918]tation methods, the use of a Jog for all significant
[13919]events (such as user identification, file use and
[13920]attempts of unauthorized use), regulations to pre-
[13921]vent unauthorized personne! from browsing through
[13922]the files, and the use of a semi-automatic data. in-
[13923]ventory control system.
[13929]Physical control as to who is allowed near the
[13930]computer and the files is advisable. Note that this
[13931]does not mean “employees only"; it implies a careful
[13932]screening of employees, repairmen, and visitors to
[13933]determine which of them should be allowed this prox-
[13934]imity to the system. Intimately involved with time-
[13935]sharing installations are three types of personnel:
[13936]operators, programmers, and maintenance engineers.
[13938]According to Dennis Van Tassel, mathematician and
[13939]head programmer at San Jose State College, all oper-
[13940]ators must understand that there exists a protection
[13941]philosophy. If personnel are expected to help en-
[13942]force and to comply with this protection philosophy,
[13943]it must be clearly defined and specified,
[13945]It is advisable to use the following provisions
[13946]for personnel control: control of logs and monitor,
[13947]division of responsibilities, rotation of duties,
[13948]adequate supervision to reduce the risk of losses
[13949]caused by accident or error, careful handling of
[13950]@ata files, cleanliness regulations, control access
[13951]to private files, and appropriate instruction in
[13952]case of disasters.
[13954]Terminals
[13956]Some of the most common pitfalls encountered
[13957]when using terminals are frequent communication in-
[13958]terruptions, risk of communication interception,
[13960]difficult access control, and noisy lines.
[13962]Among the greatest disadvantages of time-sharing
[13963]services are those in connection with the communi-
[13964]cation lines which link the terminals to the central
[13965]processing unit. Telephone lines are designed for
[13966]voice communication rather than data communication,
[13967]and the results have been that such lines are too
[13968]noisy and have too many interruptions for appropri-
[13969]ate handling of data communication.
[13971]There have been some recent developments in the
[13972]improvement of data transmissions. Bell System has
[13973]developed its Digital Data Service (DDS), a data
[13974]transmission system which has been introduced early
[13975]this year in five cities (New York, Boston, Phila-
[13976]delphia, Washington, and Chicago); and, by the end
[13977]of 1974, twenty-four cities are expected to have it.
[13978]Bell further plans to provide continuous monitoring
[13979]of their DDS channels. When errors of transmission
[13980]are detected, DDS will notify the customer, Deci-
[13981]sion on retransmission will be the customer's re-
[13982]sponsibility. Another development in data communi-
[13983]cation is DUV (data under voice}. By late 1973 this
[13984]technique will be in service between New York and
[13985]Chicago; consequently, communication problems should
[13987]become virtually nonexistent within the near future,
[13988]and this system will become even more popular.
[13990]Telephone lines are vulnerable to three types of
[13991]security problems: wire tapping, piggyback, and
[13992]user's sign-off signa] cancellation, These common
[13993]threats may be avoided by the use of a privacy
[13994]transformation method (also called scramblers or
[13995]cryptographic techniques). This is a non-singular
[13996](reversible) operation which conceals the original
[13997]message either by the substitution of new characters,
[13998]rearrangement of the characters, or by the adding of
[13999]strings of digits to the original message.
[14001]Some new techniques for encrypting data have
[14002]evolved, such as high speed transmission and signal
[14003]scrambling. In spite of all of these new tech~
[14004]niques, it is still possible to intercept and tap
[14005]the information. According to Tuckerman, unauthor-
[14006]ized users (intruders) who possess only limited ma-
[14007]terial and information with which to work, can read-
[14008]ily extract the original text of enciphered mes-
[14009]sages by making use of the speed, capacity, and
[14010]computational abilities of the computer.
[14012]The greater the efficiency of the privacy trans-
[14013]formation, the more difficult it becomes for unauth-
[14014]orized copying of files.
[14016]Access Control
[14018]Access to the system throughout the communication
[14019]lines should be controlled by the central processing
[14020]unit and by the user's own procedures. This is pos-
[14021]sible by cryptographic and scramble techniques, per-
[14022]sonnel regulations, user identification, appropriate
[14023]terminal location, or by ciphering and deciphering
[14024]hardware. .
[14026]Computer software packages have been written to
[14027]cipher data transmissions. Ciphering software is
[14028]an attractive technique because it can be done auto-
[14029]Matically by the program which creates the data and
[14030]at a very low cost. Only programs using the match-
[14031]ing deciphering technique are able to use this data.
[14032]These special hardware cipher devices can be located
[14033]at the terminal-and at the computer to protect
[14034]transmitted data.
[14036]Scramblers or voice privacy devices are currently
[14037]being used by people who readily acknowledge the in-
[14038]security of transmitted information. Scramblers are
[14039]used by large corporations such as the oil industry
[14040]as well as by union representatives during contract
[14041]negotiation time. (Scramble phones are currently a
[14042]20 to 30 million-dollar business, excluding law en-
[14043]forcement and military purchases). Scramble devices
[14044]are now being built for time-sharing operations.
[14045]These devices offer protection similar to encryption.
[14046]Scramblers convert data into something resembling
[14047]channel noise or a malfunctioning circuit.
[14049]Other features for terminals include print in-
[14050]hibit, security keylock, operator identification
[14051]card reader, and the use of a terminal identifier.
[14052]With print inhibit the terminal operator can enter
[14053]data, such as security passwords, without its being
[14054]physically displayed. A physical keylock can be at-
[14055]tached to the terminal which will not allow the
[14056]entry of data, The operator identification card
[14057]reader reads magnetically encoded information on a
[14058]magnetic strip card. The card can be used to supply
[14059]the user's password and/or name,
[14061]Direct access device security features include
[14062]file mask, volume detection, and write-exhibit
[14063]Switch. The file mask controls or allows read-only
[14065]13-00000
[14067]eg reed-urlte access to data sets, The volume de-
[14068]sectfoa switch alerts the control program when the
[14069]aaleme ds increased; this protects data from being
[14070]esttten upon, This switch provides additional pro-
[14071]gectbon for read-only volumes.
[14073]we Insurance
[14075]Uf date security measures fail, the use of EDP
[14076]asserance can back-up or soften the blow. Every
[14077]gapiaess of person who now has an in-house computer,
[14078]aye rates or is a user of a service bureau, or trans-
[14079]asts data to a data center should be computer-secur-
[14080]sty conscious. Insurance is one of the back-up
[14081]weaveres if prevention fails. However, not all
[14082]bestacss can afford or even need an elaborate and
[14083]eapeasive security system; thus, evaluation of the
[14084]teformation becomes necessary to determine those
[14085]ecctauons of the system which require this protection.
[14087]‘ae subject matter of ordinary insurance coverage
[14088]ts physical damage to tangible property. In this
[14089]eoee, software and data are not covered. Business
[14090]feterruption insurance protects you in the event of
[14092]. fore or other interruptions to normal business but
[14093]dors mot cover the consequences. Boiler explosion
[14094]goiscies which also insure other heating mishaps do
[14095]eet cover computer operations. Theft and employee
[14096]dishonesty are also insured in terms of general
[14097]tush, Valuable papers and records’ coverage pro-
[14098]aises protection in the event of destruction of such
[14099]batanyibles as notes and account receivable records
[14100]tat dors not include such computer media as valuable
[14101]Fapers. Public liability insures the company for
[14102]ats acts or omission of acts which give rise to
[14103]¢lelas by outsiders against the company.
[14105]Insurance can prevent an unfortunate event from
[14106]«coming a catastrophe. When a person buys an in-
[14107]eesaence policy, he knows that he will be indemnified
[14108]4{ a loss does occur. .
[14110]Some of the insurance companies which write EDP
[14111]policies are the Saint Paul Fire and Marine Insur-
[14112]tace Co,, Insurance Company of North America, The
[14113]Moar Insurance Co., and Royal Assurance of America.
[14115]Insurance premiums generally correspond to the
[14116]tegular fire policy rates plus an added loading fac-
[14117]tor for the additional EDP perils.
[14119]Cadoubtedly any computer installation, regardless
[14120]6f the quality and level of its security system,
[14121]€oeaut approach the state of no risk of loss. Se-
[14122]Serity is based on a "cost-benefit" concept; in
[14123]etter words the cost of violating the system should
[14124]o greater than the gain derived therefrom.
[14126]References
[14128]“SIL About Time-Sharing Services." Data Processing
[14129]us Gigest. Vol. 18, No. 3, March, 1972.
[14130]Mstom, Jeffrey N.° “The Terminal that Thinks for
[14132]Utself." Computer Decisions. Vol. 5S, No. 1,
[14133]January, 1973,
[14135]Bertran, Peter, “Software Security." Data Proces-
[14136]arageetiaest. Vol. 18, No. 4, April, 1972.
[14137]trans, beanis K. “Privacy and Protection in Qp-
[14138]3 stems." Comp . . :
[14139]> denvary, 1973. Smpuser: Vols Gy Nowe
[14140]"™). Melvyn. “How Safe is Your System?" Data
[14141]Ore ge teina Digest. Vol. 18, No. 4, April, 1972.
[14142]pies. Frederik W. “Computers and Cryptology.”
[14143]Gs ratavation. Vol. 19, No. 1, January, 1973,
[14144]“OM.elee News. Vol. 16, No. 6, June, 1972.
[14146]Come
[14148]rye pee tens. Vol. 16, No. 10, October, 1972,
[14149]tol’ in Data Transmission.” EDP Analyzer.
[14150]of. 11, No. 3, March, 1973,
[14152]Dickey, C. Lewis. "Securing the Computer." Journal of
[14153]Systems Management. Vol. 23,No. 2, February, 1972.
[14155]"Distributed Intelligence in Data Communication."
[14156]EOP Analyzer. Vol. 11, No. 2, February, 1973.
[14158]"The Emerging Computer Networks." EDP Analyzer.
[14159]Vol. 11, No. 1, January, 1973,
[14161]Girsdansky, M. B. "Cryptology, the Computer, and
[14162]Data Privacy." Computers and Automation. Vol,
[14163]21, No. 4, April, 1972.
[14165]Goldstein, Seth. "A New Life for Time-Sharing.”
[14166]Dun's, Vol. 101, No. 1, January, 1973.
[14168]Hebditch, D. L. "A Simple Terminal Language for a
[14169]Database." Computer Bulletin. Vol. 16, No. 1,
[14170]January, 1972.
[14172]Koehn, Hank E, “Are Companies Bugged about Bugging?"
[14173]Journal of Systems Management. Vol. 24, No. 1,
[14174]January, 1973.
[14176]Murphey, Wayne E. and Daniel V. Olson. “Controlling
[14177]Access to Large Tape Files." Data Processing
[14178]Magazine. Vol. 14, No. 1, Spring, 1972.
[14180]Salzman, Roy M. and Arthur D. Little. “An Outlook
[14181]for the Terminal Industry in the United States."
[14182]Data Processing Digest. Vol. 18, No. 1, January,
[14183]1972,
[14185]“Security in Data Processing." Data Processor.
[14187]Vol. 16, No. 1, February, 1973.
[14188]Simis, T. L. “Telephone Service: The Rules of the
[14189]_ Game When the Game is Changing." Computers and
[14190]Automation. Vol. 21, No. 12, December, 1972.
[14192]“Toward Distributed Computing.” EDP Industry Re-
[14193]port. Vol. 7, No. 6, January 17, 1972.
[14195]Van Tassel, Dennis. Computer Security Management.
[14196]Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1972.
[14198]Zaiden, Dennis J. "Special EDP Insurance: Who Needs
[14200]It?" Data Processing Magazine. Vol. 14, No. l,
[14201]Spring, 1972. Oo
[14203]Cerullo — Continued from page 9
[14204]Procedure for Withdrawal
[14206]Sixth, a procedure should be established for
[14207]withdrawal from the cooperative. If the withdraw-
[14208]ing firm has not been a member for a predetermined
[14209]time, perhaps one or two years, a Sliding scale
[14210]penalty fee for withdrawal should be established.
[14212]Procedure for Admission -
[14214]Finally, procedures must be determined to govern
[14215]the admission of new members into the cooperative.
[14216]Perhaps a unanimous affirmative vote by current mem-
[14217]bers should be required to admit a new member. The
[14218]current members should also decide if a newly admit-
[14219]ted member should be required to pay a predetermined
[14220]portion of the cooperative's startup costs and if
[14221]the cooperative should limit membership to firms of
[14222]the same approximate size as current members.
[14224]Conclusion
[14226]With due care taken in following the above steps,
[14227]establishing a successful cooperative service bureau
[14228]should be relatively easy. Companies would be well
[14229]advised to consider the idea seriously, for cooper-
[14230]ative service bureaus offer a viable and in many ways su-
[14231]perior alternative to the more costly inhouse computer
[14232]and the less satisfactory outside service bureau,
[14234]Foothotes
[14235]1, Computers in Business: An RIA Survey of Users and
[14237]Nonusers (New York: Research Institute of Ameri-
[14238]ca, 1969), p. 4.
[14240]2. Ibid., p. 17. .
[14242]3. Michael J. Cerullo. "Service Bureaus: User Ap-
[14243]praisal." Datamation, Vol. 18, May 1972, p. 86.
[14245]4. Ibid., p. 89.
[14247]5. ADAPSO Eighth Management Symposium. “How to Op-
[14248]erate a Service Bureau for Profits." 1963, p. 49.
[14250]. n
[14252].
[14254]13-00000
[14256]Alienation and the Systems Analyst
[14258]Alan E. Brill
[14260]Supervising Systems Analyst
[14261]The Chase Manhattan Bank N.A.
[14262]New York, N.Y. 10005
[14264]“Systems analysts ... must be seen as full-fledged members of the firm.”
[14266]A Wall of Managerial Attitudes
[14268]In most large organizations, the systems and data
[14269]‘processing departments are separated from the rest
[14270]of the firm by a wall of managerial attitudes. While
[14271]employees in most jobs are encouraged to gain a wide
[14272]variety of experience in various departments as they
[14273]Yise through various management levels, it is rare
[14274]that a systems analyst or a programmer is given an
[14275]equal opportunity. The general attitude is “He’s a
[14276]computer man, not a manager (or a businessman, or a
[14277]banker). He wouldn't fit in. Besides, he's doing a
[14278]good job where he is."
[14280]As a result, the analyst has exactly no motiva-
[14281]tion to think of himself as an insurance man or a
[14282]businessman, or a banker, or an accountant. He is
[14283]made to feel like a consultant. He can serve the
[14284]organization, but he isn't free to move within it.
[14285]To make matters worse, some firms rotate the people
[14286]in their management development programs through a
[14287]stint in the systems department. It is little won-
[14288]der that there is a high turnover in systems ana-
[14289]lysts, The company does very little to make him
[14290]feel like a member of the family.
[14292]Potential Source of Talent
[14294]But beyond the problems brought about by the per-
[14295]sonnel turbulence, the firm is ignoring a potential
[14296]source of fine managerial talent. Many analysts
[14297]joining major corporations hold degrees as Master,
[14298]Business Administration. Their educational back-
[14299]grounds, when combined with their ability to objec-
[14300]tively define problems and see solutions, and the
[14301]detailed working knowledge of the company gained in
[14305]the system design process, should put them in the
[14306]Management spotlight. Instead, the system analyst
[14307]finds that he has been given the indelible label of
[14308]“computer person" and that his upward mobility is
[14309]limited to the systems department. As a result,
[14310]systems analysts leave the firm, and often leave the
[14311]systems profession.
[14313]If companies hope to attract and hold talented
[14314]personnel for their systems activities, they need
[14315]to offer them an equal chance to develop to their
[14316]full potential. They must be seen as full-fledged
[14317]members of the firm — not as consultants who are
[14318]here today, but who could move on tomorrow.
[14320]Experience in Systems
[14322]As businesses come more and more to depend upon
[14323]data processing to support their operations, it
[14324]will be desirable for a significant number of man-
[14325]agement team members to have experience in systems.
[14326]Yet. by their actions, managements have forced many
[14327]talented people to avoid beginning their careers in
[14328]data processing for fear of becoming stereotyped.
[14330]So it would seem that a number of the problems
[14331]that businesses face in their systems activities are
[14332]a result of a regrettable but widesprgad management
[14333]attitude.
[14335]Only when systems analysts are regarded as having
[14336]a potential for advancement to positions in general
[14337]management, and are given an equal chance to rise in
[14338]the organization, will the systems man lose his. al-
[14339]jenation and see himself as a member of the company
[14340]team. a
[14342]s
[14344]13-00000
[14346]Strategy and Action on World Trade
[14348]James H. Binger, Chairman
[14349]Honeywell inc.
[14351]2701 Fourth Ave. S.
[14352]Minneapolis, Minn. §5408
[14354]“What we [the United States] have is a little corner of the world, and we must. find a
[14355]way to live in it harmoniously with our neighbors, many of whom are every bit as
[14356]good as we are at almost everything we do.”
[14358]The theme of my remarks is the intensifying con-
[14359]troversy over the conditions that influence our
[14360]well-being here in the United States — particularly
[14361]the threat of another unfortunate experience with
[14362]protectionism.
[14364]T am well aware that I cannot go deeply into this
[14365]subject in a short space. This I know because I was
[14366]privileged to serve on the President's Commission on
[14367]International Trade and Investment Policy. For over
[14368]a year we studied every way in which this and other
[14369]countries are affected by international trade and
[14370]investment policies.
[14372]Protectionist Attitude
[14374]‘Let there be no doubt where I stand on the prin-
[14375]Cipal issue. I believe that the threat of the protec-
[14376]tionist attitude in America is far more than an is-
[14377]sue involving business and jobs. I sincerely be-
[14378]lieve that this issue embraces many powerful forces
[14379]that will have an important bearing on whether or
[14380]not all the peoples of the world make the most of
[14381]their opportunities in the years to come.
[14383]I recognize that there are strong and honest dif-
[14384]ferences of opinion on the proper direction of our
[14385]nation's foreign trade policies. There are many
[14386]persons and suppliers who have been adversely af-
[14387]fected by foreign competition. It would be unreal-
[14388]istic not to acknowledge this fact of life.
[14390]Complexity
[14392]These differences of opinion, and these disloca-
[14393]tions of people's lives, point up the complexities
[14394]of the problem. Who among us can honestly say he
[14395]understands all of the ramifications involved in the
[14396]balance of trade? Where is there an unchallenged
[14397]expert on monetary policy? What type of restraints,
[14398]if any, could or should be made on the world-wide
[14399]transfer of technology? What is the proper level
[14400]of East-West trade relations, and are the national
[14401]defense implications of yesterday still appropriate
[14404]Based on a talk before the Board of Governors of the Electronic Indus-
[14405]tries Association, Phoenix, Ariz., January, 1973.
[14407]today? Should the United States government be sup~
[14408]porting broad research and development to match the
[14409]funds that foreign countries are investing in their
[14410]industry? Can we preserve the rise in productivity
[14411]that underlies the American miracle — which is the
[14412]production of goods at low cost while wages, taxes
[14413]and dividends all rise steadily?
[14415]These are just some of the questions which must
[14416]be asked in the discussion now developing, particu~
[14417]larly in the halls of Congress, but also at various
[14418]other governmental and community. levels.
[14420]Facing these and still other complexities, we
[14421]know that Congressional hearings soon to begin
[14422]could result in new laws and regulations which
[14423]could be detrimental.
[14425]Action
[14427]Because this is so, it will not do for anyone
[14428]with a qualified viewpoint backed by experience, to
[14429]be simply an observer. I am convinced that this
[14430]present controversy can be resolved positively, but
[14431]it will require action.
[14433]What kind of action will be most effective? the
[14434]kind of action which is in the public interest? —
[14435]not special pleadings based on the experience of a
[14436]single company, or a single industry, or even a
[14437]single community.
[14439]It is, of course, important to gather this sup-
[14440]porting information and be aware of all the facts
[14441]that bear on our needs, our experience and the op-
[14442]tions that governments can take to effect them. But
[14443]going beyond this, we must be prepared to discuss
[14444]with everyone who will exert influence on ourelected
[14445]lawmakers the more important question — what do all
[14446]these statistics and contentions mean tome?
[14448]The Concerns of U.S. Citizens
[14450]The concerns of the qreat body of United States
[14451]citizens are how to assure and enhance their jobs
[14452]and living conditions and be involved in what was
[14453]once unashamedly described as "the pursuit of hap-
[14454]piness”. .
[14456]Y
[14458]13-00000
[14460]‘ployed at the end of 1972.
[14462]Let's look at just one major concern: about 1.3
[14463]million new American families are formed every year.
[14464]Approximately eight million people change their jobs
[14465]every year. About 3.7 million people join the labor
[14466]force and 2.1 million leave it. By 1980 full em-
[14467]ployment in the United States will require jobs for
[14468]100 million people, 16 million more than were em-
[14469]These, quite clearly,
[14470]are the priority considerations in the minds of mil-
[14471]lions who do not clearly understand how the enter-
[14472]prise system meets their needs.
[14474]If they and the representatives of large numbers
[14475]of voters do not understand, how can we expect their
[14476]support?
[14478]I would like to review the arguments for their
[14479]support in as familiar terms:as I can muster.
[14481]The Days of U.S. Preeminence are Gone
[14483]First, let's examine one portion of the real
[14484]economic world we inhabit.
[14486]Of primary importance is the fact that the days
[14487]of almost total U.S. preeminence since the close of
[14488]World War II are gone. .
[14490]We must learn to live and work in a world where
[14491]forevermore we will be dependent on other portions
[14492]of the globe for some of our more basic needs — and
[14493]some portions will be dependent on us. The U.S. is
[14494]not self-sufficient in materials, nor does it have a
[14495]corner on the world's technology, the world's inno-
[14496]vative ability, the world's marketing savvy, the
[14497]world's production know-how. What we have is a lit-
[14498]tle corner of the world, and we must find a way to
[14499]live in it harmoniously with our neighbors, many of
[14500]whom are every bit as good as we are at almost
[14501]everything we do.
[14503]The Energy Crisis
[14505]I hesitate, somewhat, to use the energy crisis as
[14506]an example of this dependency, because I recognize
[14507]that there are those who question whether the crisis
[14508]really exists, or who maintain that new technology
[14509]will solve the problem before it reaches crisis
[14510]stage. I can say at this point that there is an
[14511]energy shortage, if not a crisis; for example, the
[14512]fuel oi] allotment for our Minneapolis operations
[14513]has been cut by 25 per cent for January and February,
[14514]and similar cutbacks have been imposed on other com-
[14515]panies, our schools, our common carriers.
[14517]Let's look at the dependency which is developing
[14518]in the oil industry. In the past, the repatriated
[14519]earnings of oil companies have exceeded the value of
[14520]imported oil and were a favorable factor in our in-
[14521]ternational balance of payments. By 1985, however,
[14522]our needs for oil and natural gas could create for
[14523]us a trade deficit approaching twenty billion dol-
[14524]lars a year.
[14526]As no doubt you know, we currently import I0 to
[14527]15 per cent of both crude oil and copper, 30 per
[14528]cent of our iron ore, and more than 80 per cent of
[14529]our bauxite needs. -We must import all or most of
[14530]our tin, natural rubber, nickel and chrome.
[14532]Trade with the World
[14534]We cannot go it alone. We must trade with the
[14535]world — and to trade, you give something to get
[14536]Something, with the hope that both traders get what
[14537]they want and need. Unfortunately, we have not yet
[14538]been able to fully realize this goal, and much of
[14540]” the controversy over this nation's foreign-trade
[14542]policies revolves around the best way to achieve it.
[14544]There is a strong and vocal body of opinion which
[14545]believes that protectionist measures will achieve
[14546]what is best for American workers and companies in
[14547]the arena of world trade. One of their principal
[14548]targets are companies like Honeywell — multina-
[14549]tional companies with substantial investments, em-
[14550]ployees and sales outside the United States.
[14552]“Exporting Jobs”?
[14554]It is claimed that U.S. multinational corpora-
[14555]tions are "exporting jobs” overseas; that U.S. com-
[14556]panies invest overseas to take advantage of lower
[14557]wages; that imports from the overseas subsidiaries
[14558]of U.S. companies cause unemployment here at home;
[14559]that if U.S. companies were prevented from investing
[14560]and manufacturing abroad these companies would be
[14561]forced to expand their operations in the United
[14562]States, creating more jobs here: that multinational
[14563]companies invest abroad in order to avoid paying
[14564]taxes; that American corporations are exporting U.S.
[14565]technology and therefore are helping non-U.S. com- <
[14566]panies compete in our own and other countries.
[14568]The Burke-Hartke bill has been proposed as the
[14569]solution to these problems; and protectionist senti-
[14570]ment also underlies other proposals which may emerge
[14571]for the consideration of Congress.
[14573]At this point, there may be those who will accuse
[14574]me of making a tactical blunder by even mentioning
[14575]the allegations of our critics. But I'll go one
[14576]step further. If someone could prove to me that
[14577]these allegations are factual, I'd be one of the
[14578]major supporters of moves to inhibit the growth of
[14579]multinational companies.
[14581]The Opposite is True: Making Jobs
[14583]Thanks to various companies, government agencies
[14584]and trade associations who have accumulated the
[14585]facts and published them, I know otherwise.
[14587]I am convinced, thanks to these studies, and my
[14588]experience with Honeywell, that multinational com-
[14589]panies-do not export jobs, but create jobs in the
[14590]United States faster than other U.S. companies. I
[14591]am convinced that U.S. companies invest abroad to
[14592]gain participation in markets in other countries,
[14593]not to take advantage of lower wages or so-called -
[14594]tax loopholes. I am convinced by these studies that
[14595]imports from the overseas subsidiaries of U.S. com-
[14596]panies have not been a major factor in U.S. unem-
[14597]ployment. «
[14599]To be more specific, I'd like to give you some
[14600]information taken from a survey conducted by the
[14601]Emergency Committee on American Trade, of which I
[14602]am amember. This committee researched the domestic
[14603]and internationa] operations of 74 U.S. corporations
[14604]representing a broad group of large multinational
[14605]corporations. This survey reveals that in the
[14606]years between 1960 and 1970, when these companies
[14607]were increasing their overseas operations, they also
[14608]provided 900,000 new jobs in the United States. They
[14609]also increased their sales from American facilities
[14610]— work performed in this country — from $58 bil-
[14611]lien to $113 billion — nearly doubled, in fact. i
[14612]Their, exports from the United States nearly tripled
[14613]in this period, rising from $4.3 billion to $12.2
[14614]billion. In the all-important balance of payments
[14615]category, they increased their net surplus of ex-
[14616]ports over imports from $3.2 billion to $6.6 billion
[14617]— more than doubled,
[14621]13-00000
[14623]international Investment Activities
[14624]of Multinational Companies
[14626]These figures, and other results of the survey,
[14627]lead to one major conclusion: That the interna-
[14628]tional investment activities of these representative
[14629]multinational companies played an important role in
[14630]their rapid export growth and consequently made a
[14631]major positive contribution to their domestic — and
[14632]I emphasize the word domestic — sales, investment
[14634]‘and employment growth.
[14636]Double Taxation
[14638]I have tried to speak in familiar language; so I
[14639]have some misgivings about discussing the issue of
[14640]taxes. But the tax issue is an important one, and
[14641]I'd like to cover some specific areas which are com-
[14642]ing more and more into public ‘discussion.
[14646]€ issue is the section of U.S. tax law which al-
[14647]lows American corporations a tax credit for the in-
[14648]come taxes they pay to foreign countries on income
[14649]earned in such countries. The purpose of this tax
[14650]credit is to avoid taxing the foreign earnings of
[14651]U.S. corporations twice — once in a foreign country
[14652]and again when the earnings are remitted to the
[14653]United States. :
[14655]Opponents of this tax credit argue that since do-
[14656]mestic firms are not allowed a federal tax credit
[14657]for the state taxes they pay, the current method of
[14658]taxing income from foreign sources is inconsistent
[14659]with the way domestic income is taxed.
[14661]Taxation by U.S. States
[14663]A major fallacy in this argument is-that it is
[14664]based on the incorrect assumption that the taxation
[14665]of domestic income by city, state and the federal
[14666]government is analogous to the United States taxing
[14667]the foreign earnings of American subsidiaries which
[14668]have already been taxed by the host country.
[14670]The proper analogy is between the way states
[14671]treat corporate income earned in two or more states
[14672]and the way the U.S. government treats income earned
[14673]in two or more countries. Every state which has a
[14674]state income tax provides a method of allocating the
[14675]income of a multi-state company among the various
[14676]states in order to avoid duplicate taxation of the
[14677]same income. As a matter of fact, the constitution
[14678]requires this. Thus the current methods of taxing
[14679]foreign and domestic income are consistent.
[14681]Further, where one domestic corporation in the
[14682]United States has an ownership position in another
[14683]domestic corporation, the federal income tax law
[14684]quite properly prevents duplication of corporate in-
[14685]come taxes. The parent company is taxed on earnings
[14686]of the owned company only when such earnings are
[14687]distributed as a dividend — and then at no more
[14688]than a nominal rate. What logic can there be in the
[14689]Burke-Hartke proposal that earnings of an overseas
[14690]subsidiary — in most cases earnings already taxed
[14691]in the foreign country at rates comparable to or
[14692]higher than U.S. rates — should be immediately re-
[14693]taxed at full U.S. income tax rates?
[14695]tnternational Competition by
[14696]American Industry
[14698]Another fundamental element of the issue is the
[14699]tax credit's relationship to the ability of American
[14700]industry to compete internationally. According to a
[14701]recent survey by the National Association of Manufac-
[14702]turers, if the United States were to repeal the tax
[14704]credit for foreign taxes paid and tax all foreign
[14705]subsidiary income before it is paid out in dividends
[14706]to the parent company, U.S. firms with foreign oper-
[14707]ations would be forced to pay an average effective
[14708]tax on their foreign earnings of over 70 per cent.
[14710]Given this added tax handicap, few American firms
[14711]could continue to compete with foreign-controlled
[14712]companies for world markets.
[14714]You can appreciate how useful it is to have these
[14715]facts for presentation where contradictory allega-
[14716]tions are being made. Let's keep the record straight!
[14718]Also useful to the undertaking on which we must
[14719]all embark is the factual story of what imports and
[14720]exports do, beneficially to create jobs.
[14722]Imports Produce One Million U.S. Jobs
[14724]Labor Department figures document the finding
[14725]that one million jobs in the United States are de-
[14726]pendent on imports — jobs for food processors, ship
[14727]and dock workers, truck drivers and railroaders,
[14728]warehouse employees and retail clerks. And it's
[14729]equally impressive to corsider that every billion
[14730]dollars worth of exports creates 60-to-80,000 jobs
[14731]in the United States. .
[14733]As we assess the situation, let us not forget the
[14734]dilemma our government faced in August 1971. As
[14735]Mr. Peter Peterson wrote, the New Economic Policy
[14736]announced that month was not, and I quote, "a one-
[14737]shot reaction to a one-time crisis. It marked the
[14738]beginning of a new era of more flexible, enduring,
[14739]and viable economic relationships among nations. The
[14740]years behind us were by and large an era of success,
[14741]but an era based upon a system which had become out-
[14742]grown, outworn — and increasingly crisis-prone."
[14744]Tariffs and Free Trade
[14746]Mr. Peterson was referring to the tremendous im-
[14747]pact that international trade and monetary factors
[14748]were having on our people. We have since come to
[14749]learn the difficulty of achieving universally ap-
[14750]proved corrective action. And now we must reckon
[14751]with this reality: U.S. negotiators are preparing
[14752]to enter economic talks next fall that could shape
[14753]future international relationships for many years to
[14754]come. Our government can and should strive in these
[14755]talks to put an end to present attitudes and trends
[14756]that point ominously to another "balkanization” of
[14757]world trade.
[14759]It can and should seek agreement to reduce, and
[14760]if possible end, all tariffs on industrial trade by
[14761]the end of this century.
[14763]It can and should try to create far freer trade
[14764]conditions for farm products.
[14766]It can and should seek the harmonization among
[14767]nations of the present hodgepodge of non-tariff
[14768]trade barriers and preferences.
[14770]But these objectives will remain forlorn hopes
[14771]unless our negotiators can go into these hard bar-
[14772]gaining sessions with the clear backing of the Amer-
[14773]ican people and their Congress. We musi give them
[14774]that. .
[14776]Spurring Internal Transition to
[14777]Successful Competitive Enterprise
[14779]Meanwhile, we face and must do something about
[14780]the undeniable tolls and grievances resulting from
[14781](please turn to page 23)
[14783]13-00000
[14785]Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation
[14787]Grace C. Hertlein
[14788]Califarnia State University—Chico
[14789]Chico, Calif. 95926
[14791]—z 1
[14793]“Computer arts are still in the highly experimental stage of emergence.”
[14795]In present computer art, the naive onlooker could
[14796]readily misconstrue that mathematical processing of
[14797]data and manipulation of design represent the total
[14798]modus operandi of this new form, rather than just
[14799]the initial phases of exploration. A review of the
[14800]varied computer arts reveals diverse input of pat-
[14801]terns and subsequent manipulation or transformation,
[14802]creating a series of new, perceptual audio or visual
[14803]images. There appears a similarity of approaches
[14804]and some variation of the techniques utilized by
[14805]practitioners of the cybernetic arts: graphics,
[14806]sculpture, film, dance, music, textile design, weav-
[14807]ing, poetry, and architecture.
[14809]There is a tendency to forget that the computer
[14810]arts are still in the highly experimental stages of
[14811]emergence, and although some attractive and very
[14812]pleasing works have been accomplished, this new me-
[14813]dium has generally not progressed much beyond its
[14814]mathematical and scientific origins. At times, in
[14815]viewing or hearing the output of the computer arts,
[14816]One would relegate the resultant art form to the
[14817]category of interesting sound or visual patterns,
[14818]experimental/initial exercises, or mathematical and
[14819]scientific visualization, rather than as works of
[14820]art per se. (This latter statement is equally true
[14821]of contemporary manual experimental art.) There is,
[14822]at the present time, a tendency for the computer
[14823]arts to relate to an elite coterie, made up of
[14824]scientists and intellectuals, rather than the public
[14825]at large. However, as this new art medium is given
[14826]greater space in the mass media, this audience
[14827]should enlarge greatly. as exposure acquaints the
[14828]general audience with the potential of this new art
[14829]orm.
[14831]This article is reprinted by permission from the Proceedings of the
[14832]Invitational intemational Exhibit of Computer Arts, T-5, Zagreb,
[14833]Vugostavia, June-Juty 1973. Grace C. Hertlein is Assistant Professor
[14834]in the Computer Science Department at California State University—
[14835]Chico, Chico, Calif. 95926. Her computer art has been published for
[14836]many years in Computers end Automation and currently some of
[14837]her computer art is being exhibited at an art exhibition in Bordeaux,
[14838]France.
[14840]Pattern Manipulation
[14842]Manipulation of design by the computer may be de-
[14843]liberate, (or at times highly experimental) as
[14844]change or transformation of the original pattern is
[14845]achieved via a host of techniques developed within
[14846]the past twelve years. However, in attempting to
[14847]see precedent in manipulation of design, one ob-
[14848]serves ample evidence of a growing interest by ar-
[14849]tists and critics in combining (manually) mathemat-
[14850]ics and art. Since the turn of the century, such
[14851]techniques and philosophy have been practiced and
[14852]even more verbally expressed by electronic and con-
[14853]crete musicians. Further, the concept of pattern
[14854]manipulation is as old as man's art, and one finds
[14855]ample evidence of this concept throughout art his-
[14856]tory. A few such examples are: Offset X/Y patterns
[14857]in Persian sculptural reliefs; repetitions of design
[14858]in serial imagery from early Greek vases; reversals
[14859]of pattern in the compositions of Bach; mirror im-
[14860]ages and mathematical progressions of design in the
[14861]Foundation Course exercises of the Bauhaus School;
[14862]juxtaposition and superposition of musical patterns
[14863]throughout musical history: and randomization of
[14864]musical variations via throwing of dice, as prac-
[14865]ticed by Mozart. The world was quite ready philo-
[14866]sophically and mathematically for further explora-
[14867]tions in such transformation of pattern, yet it was
[14868]not until the speed of the computer afforded this
[14869]electronic manipulation, that it became feasible to
[14870]such a degree. (Alteration, change, and transforma-
[14871]tion of pattern is revealed in other technological
[14872]Systems that may or may not use the computer as an aid in
[14873]Creation: synthesized video, sound, andthe film.) In
[14874]other words, science and technology now afford fur-
[14875]ther exploration of ideas and techniques that have
[14876]been practiced by experimental artists for years.
[14878]The philosophy and practice of twentieth century
[14879]music shows a very great Similarity between the ma-
[14880]nipulative techniques used by musicians since the
[14881]early 1900's and the present-day computer procedures.
[14882]Examination of the philosophy of the Bauhaus and
[14883]study of the works emanating from this revolutionary
[14884]school, also reveals great similarities in the ap-
[14885]proaches to creation, and in the final works of art
[14886]of this school and present-day computer arts.
[14890]13-00000
[14892]The ‘computer artist fs manipulating patterns, be-
[14893]cause this is an inherent potential of the computer
[14894]medium. The manual artist (or scholar), by con-
[14895]trast, is bound to laborious manual processing of
[14897]data and pattern, and thus generally discovers to a
[14898]lesser degree, further sources of innovative and
[14900]perceptual changes, i.e., manipulation as practiced
[14901]in the computer arts is not feasible manually. When
[14903]perceptual change is accomplished manually (many of
[14904]the works in Graphis afford excellent examples),
[14905]such change is not only excessively time-consuming,
[14906]but represents a manual tour de force. It could be
[14907]more readily accomplished via the computer.
[14909]The manual artist is generally not concerned with
[14910]perceptual change or alteration of the original im-
[14911]age. On the other hand, since the computer readily
[14912]affords such changes, the cybernetic artist may
[14913]literally exploit component designs, taking them
[14914]th#wGgh what may appear to be unlimited design
[14915]changes. The more abstract the component design,
[14916]the more readily it lends itself to mathematical
[14917]variation and processing, termed design state
[14918]variation.
[14920]Design State Variation
[14922]This is a term devised by the writer, adapted
[14923]from given "state" variations used in printmaking,
[14924]in which one may revise a plate or stone, and al-
[14925]ter it by additions and/or changes of pattern, re-
[14926]sulting in a series of new works. The term denotes
[14927]known variations of pattern that are possible, which
[14928]may be used as sub-routines or stored on the com-
[14929]puter library and merely called by the user, who de-
[14930]fines the values of the given parameters of the spe-
[14931]cific algorithms being utilized. One of the most
[14932]provocative concepts emerging in computer art is
[14933]that of being to literally predict innumerable de-
[14934]Sign state variations, in which a basal component
[14935]will be visually or auditorially pleasing. The art-
[14936]ist may use only those design states that reflect
[14937]personal expression of design. (One might compare
[14938]design state variations to the many kinds of chisels
[14939]the sculptor may use in execution of a work of art,
[14940]each giving unique effects.) Further, this library
[14941]of manipulative design state variations is constantly
[14942]being enlarged by experimenters in the computer
[14943]arts. A brief listing follows:
[14945]Offsets of pattern on the X, Y, X/Y (pro-
[14946]gressions in music)
[14948]Mirror images or reversals on the X, Y, X/Y
[14950]Scalar variations or duration of pattern in
[14951]superposition of form
[14953]Rotation, in open or closed forms
[14955]Irregular radiation of images and forms with
[14956]growing scalar values
[14958]Redundant serial imagery in closed form
[14960]Polygon serial imagery, with circular, square,
[14961]or varied final form
[14963]Positive and negative variations of repeated
[14964]or design-related patterns
[14966]Disintegrating variants of images and sounds
[14968]_ in redundant or transform pattern
[14970]Metamorphic variations of images or sounds
[14971]in predetermined sequences .
[14973]Transformations of pattern, in which one de-
[14974]sign becomes another :
[14976]Alterations of design by mathematical algor-
[14979]Pseudo-randomizations of patterns with artist-
[14980]imposed parameters
[14982]Overlays of images and sounds in dimensional
[14983]forms
[14985]Combinations of related patterns, using any of
[14987]_ the above design states
[14989]Multi-media combinations, using any of the
[14990]eforementioned
[14992]Prior to design state variation, the artistic
[14993]idea is stated in coherent, sequential steps. It may
[14994]be flow-charted before translation into a computer
[14995]program. Thus the art idea is transformed into ana-
[14996]lyzed data, using synthetic machine languages, and
[14997]is then subject to processing and manipulation via
[14998]the computer using design state variations, reveal-
[14999]ing innumerable new, final works. Examples include:
[15001]The warp and weft patterns in weaving
[15003]Classical ballet positions, with designations
[15004]of the head, arms, and feet
[15006]Structural modules in sculpture and archi-
[15007]tecture
[15009]Derivations of design from art or musical
[15010]history, including the archaic, the classi-
[15011]cal, or the contemporary
[15013]Formulae and transformations from science or
[15014]mathematics -
[15016]Stylistic analysis of a given artist's style,
[15017]with designation and statement of a speci-
[15018]fie set of definitions describing the style
[15020]Artistic composition of a given musical era,
[15021]with. parameters of such rules
[15023]Thus the art idea is initially expressed in the
[15024]manner of science, but it does not end there. The
[15025]choice of the art idea or problem should express the
[15026]personal philosophy of the originator, whether it is
[15027]mathematical formulae, natural derivations from the
[15028]environment, or analyses of prior styles of artists.
[15029]The personal focus of the original idea, ensuing
[15030]variation and execution cannot be too strongly
[15031]stressed! The design state variations allow the
[15032]artist to choose the given direction of psychic ex-
[15033]pression. Further, selection of specific computer
[15034]systems and art materials affords a highly individ-
[15035]ual element within cybernetic creation. And tastly,
[15036]the varying techniques of execution, which may be
[15037]preplanned or participant, add a unique and personal
[15038]opportunity to spontaneously participate within the
[15039]formation of the work of art, or to maximize the ca-
[15040]pacities of the computer in artistic execution, us-
[15041]ing preplanned or heuristic modes.
[15043]Diverse Philosophies of Computer Art
[15045]Stylistic analysis and resultant design deriva-
[15046]tion are highly visible in the computer arts and
[15047]possess decided benefits: these techniques allow one
[15048]to analyze more thoroughly the subject under study,
[15049]and in addition, they allow the artist to gain per-
[15050]ceptual variations and permutations of the original
[15051]source not obtainable by manual methods. (The writer
[15052]and many others have often found these newdepartures
[15053]from the design source to be as or more aesthetic
[15054]than the original input source.) There is, however,
[15055]a great tendency among humanists to concern them-
[15056]selves with past styles and subject matter, as being
[15057]more "pure" aesthetically than the present. On the
[15058]other hand, there is an equal tendency among scien-
[15059]tists to exploit mathematical manipulation, disre-
[15060]gard art totally, and to have the computer and its
[15061]peripheral devices accomplish the work of art, with-
[15062]out intervention by man. Here one finds two ex-
[15063]tremes, with beginning dogmatic statements by art-
[15064]ists of varying capacities and philosophies. The in-
[15065]sightful computer artist, however, seeks to unite
[15066]personal philosophy and expression with the highest
[15067]level of computer usage.in a statement of artistic
[15068]unity. However, one is conscious of new visions
[15069]emerging throughout history, which are subsequently
[15070]categorized and "cast in bronze," as “the way." Com-
[15071]puter art appears to be no exception to this great
[15073](please turn to page 31}
[15075]13-00000
[15077]Computers in Science Fiction — Il
[15079]Marcia Ascher
[15080]Professor of Mathematics
[15081]Ithaca College
[15083]ithaca, N.Y. 14850
[15085]A
[15087]“in science fiction writing, non-specialists attempt to involve other non-specialists in
[15088]the human questions arising from computer use.”
[15090]In “The Computer and the Poet.” Norman Cousins
[15091]emphasizes that the role of poets, "those who have
[15092]respect for and speak to the human spirit,” becomes
[15093]even more important as computer usage increases (32).
[15094]Science fiction writers should indeed be included as
[15095]poets in our technological age. All too often in
[15096]our society, problems arising from technology are
[15097]left to technologists because others are too unsure
[15098]of their own knowledge to question or criticize. The
[15099]science fiction writings directly involving comput-
[15100]ers are one of the few places where non-specialists
[15101]attempt to involve other non-specialists in the
[15102]human questions arising from computer use.
[15104]Emphasis on Man
[15106]Perhaps the most recurrent science fiction theme
[15107]is the difference between computers and man. These
[15108]Taise the question of the proper role for machines
[15109]versus the proper role for humans or emphasize the
[15110]aspects that make man unique. In one story (Asimov,
[15111]"“Someday") children in a society where reading and
[15112]writing are no longer needed form a secret society
[15113]to learn just for the joy of it; in another (Weir,
[15114]"What Happened to the Teaching Machine") where all
[15115]learning is by machine, only uneducated children
[15116]still know how to pose questions. <A super-computer
[15117]is defeated by a human because he can bluff or “lose
[15118]to win” and it cannot (Caiden, The God Machine);
[15119]another super-computer is robbed of its contre] be-
[15120]cause of a group of humans whose main desire is
[15121]freedom (Pohl, Starchild); and to others (Dick, "The
[15122]Variable Man"; Sheckley, "Fool's Mate") human unpre-
[15123]dictability continues to be a problem. This distinc-
[15124]tive aspect of man is very directly stated by the
[15125]computer builder in a French science fiction story
[15126](Boulie, "The Perfect Robot"). In trying to make
[15127]the computer more like man, he progressively adds to
[15128]its ability to deal with data, the ability to play
[15129]chess, language. concepts of love, the ability to
[15130]engender new machines, concepts of good and evil,
[15131]and finally what he considers to be the crucial
[15132]missing element — "I have unhinged them". Mike, a
[15133]super-computer capable of running an entire revolu-
[15134]tion (Heinlein, The Moon is a Harsh Mistress), can-
[15135]mot understand why a joke is funny, and the computer
[15137]AM (Ellison, "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream")
[15138]hates people because unlike them "he could not wan-
[15139]der, he could not wonder, he could not belong, he
[15140]could merely be”.
[15142]Science fiction writers persist in confronting
[15143]their readers with a question that receives little
[15144]direct discussion but is of current concern. As ex-
[15145]pressed by the historian Bruce Mazelish (33). just
[15146]as continuities were established with the material
[15147]universe, the animal kingdom, and our, subconscious.
[15148]we are faced with transcending the 4th discontinuity
[15149]— of harmonizing our existence and those of mach-
[15150]ines in a technological society. Or, as expressed
[15151]by Weizenbaum ("On the Impact of the Computer on So-
[15152]ciety") the insights of science such as those pro-
[15153]vided earlier by the work of Galileo, Darwin, and
[15154]Freud, and now provoked by the advent of the com-
[15155]puter, shake man's self-esteem because, when viewed
[15156]superficially, they seem to diminish man.
[15158]Mechanistic View of Man
[15160]We diminish man and in our anxiety grow more dis-
[15161]dainful of ourselves and ambivalent towards comput-
[15162]ers if computer usage is predicated on a mechanistic
[15163]view of man and this mechanistic view becomes our
[15164]self-image. Too many statements made by systems
[15165]analysts or computer scientists display that a com-
[15166]puter-usable view of man is being substituted for
[15167]the whole man. Keep in mind the above list of human
[15168]attributes contrasted to computers by science-fic-
[15169]tion writers as you read the following statement
[15170]from the widely read and much discussed book Limits
[15172]of Growth written by well-motivated systems analysts:
[15174]Some considered the model too ‘technocratic’
[15175]observing that it did not include eritical so-
[15176]cial factors, such as the effects of adoption
[15177]of different value systems. The chairman of
[15178]the Moscow meeting summed up this point when
[15179]he said, ‘Man is no mere biocybernetic device’.
[15180]This criticism is readily admitted. The pres-
[15181]ent model considers man only in his material
[15182]system because valid social elements simply
[15186]13-00000
[15188]could not be devised and introduced in this
[15190]‘ first effort. Yet, despite the model's mater-
[15191]ial orientation, the conclusions of the study
[15192]point to the need for fundamental changes in
[15193]the values of society. (34, p. 191)
[15195]Admission that the world model has a minor flaw of
[15196]omitting “critical social factors" followed so
[15197]blithely by conclusions about fundamental value
[15198]changes surely conveys to the reader that the fac-
[15199]tors that have been dealt with are the more essen-
[15200]tial and more significant.
[15202]Again recall the human attributes as you read:
[15204]By the same token since the thinking human
[15205]being is also an information processor, it
[15206]should be possible to study his processes and
[15207]their organization independently of the details
[15208]of the biological mechanisms — the 'hardware'
[15210]weor-that implement them. (Simon and Newell,
[15211]““Enformation-Processing in Computers and Man",
[15212]Pp. 256)
[15214]That the theories
[15216]- + « are mechanistic — that they postulate
[15217]only the processes capable of being effected
[15218]by mechanism — is guaranteed by simulating
[15220]the behavior predicated by ordinary digital
[15222]computers. (ibid. p. 258)
[15224]To reemphasize the contribution of science fic-
[15225]tion, let us trace through one well-written and pop-
[15226]ular book, Stand on Zanzibar (Brunner). In the 2lst
[15227]century over-populated world, there is a very ad-
[15228]vanced computer Shalmaneser owned by General Tech-
[15229]nic, a company large enough to be contemplating the
[15230]subsidization, modernization, and management of a
[15231]small underdeveloped country Beninia. Beninia is
[15232]unique since it alone has retained peacefulness and
[15233]trust and humane behavior. Computer analysis is un-
[15234]dertaken of the feasibility of the G.T. project and
[15235]for alternative plans of carrying it out. With re-
[15236]gard to the possibility of computer analysis of what
[15237]makes Beninia attractive, one sensitive character in
[15238]the book says " ... when they get love down to a
[15239]bunch of factors you can analyze with a computer,
[15240]there'll be nothing left of whatever makes it worth
[15241]being human". Shalmaneser eventually rejects the
[15242]data on Beninia because it is inconsistant with re-
[15243]ality. Mulligan, a cynical sociologist, gets the
[15244]computer to process the data by adding the additional
[15245]assumption that an unknown force is active in that
[15246]population. Mulligan points out that the scientists
[15247]who have been working toward consciousness for the
[15248]super-computer have been successful because the re-
[15249]jection of the data was a display of its first human
[15250]characteristic — "orneriness" or “bloody-minded-
[15251]ness". When faced with something different, it chose
[15252]to reject it instead of broadening its view of the
[15253]possible. Mulligan sets out to find what makes
[15254]Beninia different and traces it to a genetic muta-
[15255]tion which produces a body odour that surpresses in
[15256]others the territorial-aggression reaction. Mulli-
[15257]gan's hope is that a world-renowned biologist who is
[15258]working on modification of human genetic maps can
[15259]use this to better mankind. His hope is shattered
[15260]when he learns that this biologist has been murdered
[15261]for political reasons. The decision is that the ma-
[15262]chine will work on finding an external synthetic
[15263]Spray. Mulligan is led away crying for lost human-
[15264]ity ™ ... what in God's name is it worth to be hu-
[15265]man, if we have to be saved from ourselves by a ma-
[15266]chine?” The now conscious machine has the last word
[15267]and the last sentence of the book "Christ, what an
[15268]imagination I've got". The irony of the book is
[15269]that Mulligan, who represents and speaks for those
[15271]characteristics which are human, falls into another
[15273]’ part of the prevalent mechanistic trap — aggression
[15275]is in our genes; the solution to our problems will
[15276]be via a specific scientific breakthrough.
[15278]Superstates and Sypersystems
[15280]A concern for the use of computers in politics
[15281]and government is seen in numerous stories. Opin-
[15282]jon polling in a political campaign is involved in
[15283]The 480 (Burdick), and the writing of campaign lit-
[15284]erature in The Novel Computer (Escarpit). The pre-
[15285]diction of elections is carried to an extreme in
[15286]"Franchise" (Asimov) where only one vote is needed
[15287]to determine the election, and Counterfeit World
[15288](Galouye) describes an entire synthetic‘society (an
[15289]"electromathematical model") made up for purposes of
[15290]opinion surveying. Of greater concern, however, are
[15291]the super-states dependent on or replaced by super-
[15292]computer systems. Many of these stories describe
[15293]the process by which men gradually gave away self-
[15294]determination in exchange for material well-being,
[15295]or in the belief that a larger something was needed
[15296]to protect them from each other (Anderson, "Sam
[15297]Hall"; Cole, The Funco File; Dick, Vulcan's Hammer;
[15298]Fairman, I, the Machine; Mason, Matrix; Pohl, Star-
[15299]child). Often, no one really understands any longer
[15300]how the system works (Cameron, Cybernia; Cole, The
[15301]Funco File; Delany, The Fall of the Towers; Dick,
[15302]Vulcan's Hammer; Fairman, I, the Machine; Mason,
[15303]Matrix). In most cases, the vast destructive power
[15304]of the system is realized when, for some reason, it
[15305]is no longer serving human énds. One computer over-
[15306]emphasizes the goal of protecting itself (Dick, Vul-
[15307]can's Hammer), onegets carried away by its goal of
[15308]avoiding thermo-nuclear war (Cardin, The God Ma-
[15309]chine), two become lonely and hence mad (Fairman, 1,
[15310]the Machine; Pohl, Starchild), another becomes psy-
[15311]chotic because of what it learns from men's minds
[15312](Delany, The Fall of the Towers), others are under
[15313]the control of selfish people (Cameron, Cybernia;
[15314]Sladek, The Reproductive System). Most of these
[15315]systems are destroyed by man's more flexible intel-
[15316]ligence. However, in one story (Miller, "Dumb
[15317]Waiter”), the system goes on even after there are no
[15318]more people, and in another (Dick, "Autofac"). with-
[15319]out the knowledge of the people.
[15321]Loss of Control
[15323]Some ten years ago when discussing views of com-
[15324]puters in science fiction, I pointed out that few
[15325]contemporary stories could be viewed simply as man's
[15326]worries about his machines getting beyond his con-
[15327]trol. I noted that most of the stories focused on
[15328]extensions of specific current uses and emphasized
[15329]man's responsibilities as technology advanced (30,
[15330]31). While there are some stories in which comput-
[15331]ers turn on their makers (Dnieprov, “Siema"), the
[15332]Stories just cited have two significantly different
[15333]characteristics. The stories do not begin with the
[15334]construction of a machine motivated by curiosity or
[15335]scientific naivetée, but instead, they begin with
[15336]the populace agreeing to control by the machine. We
[15337]read, for example, that in 1993 after a large world
[15338]war, all nations agree to "subordinate themselves in
[15339]a realistic manner ... to a common supranational
[15340]authority ..." which is a machine so that it won't
[15341]put “interest over reason, emotion over logic"
[15342](Dick, Vulcan's Hammer p. 19); or that another mach-
[15343]ine is built to control the world because with stone
[15344]axes men could be free as they could do only limited
[15345]damage before they were stopped but with advanced
[15346]technology men could do damage so much more quickly
[15347]they cannot be free to start (Pohl, Starchild). In
[15349]A Tale of the Big Computer (Johannesson), a history
[15350]of life until the “computer age,” we learn that man
[15352]is a part of the evolution leading up to computers
[15354]‘and that the basic cause of his failure was the in-
[15355]ability to organize a complex society. In the very
[15356]enjoyable Funco File (Cole), when the question is
[15357]raised, "Has it become your ruler, your god ..."?,
[15358]the response is, "Well, no. Not exactly. It's more
[15359]like where our technology triumphs have finally got
[15360]us to. I guess you might say our real ruler was al-
[15361]ways an idea of what's normal or not. Conformity, I
[15362]guess you'd call it ... I suppose the Machine —
[15363]plus the F.0.1. ~— working together — have sort of
[15364]externalized it once and for all." In the stories
[15365]where there is a struggle between man and the com-
[15366]puter, it is not a struggle to retain contro] but to
[15367]get it back once it has knowingly been given away or
[15368]unwillingly allowed to slip away.
[15370]Consequences of Bigness
[15372]The persistent theme in these stories is that of
[15373], ss — big states and big computer systems —
[15374]and its consequences. This bigness iswell described
[15375]in an article by Weizenbaum. This article is impor-
[15376]tant because it is one of the few expository state-
[15377]ments of this serious theme.
[15379]These often gigantic systems are put to-
[15380]gether by teams of programmers, often working
[15381]over a time span of many years. By the time
[15382]the systems come into use. most of the origi-
[15383]mal programmers have left or turned their at-
[15384]tention to other pursuits. It is precisely
[15385]when gigantic systems begin to be used that
[15386]their inner workings can no longer be under-
[15387]stood by any single person or by a small team
[15388]of individuals. ... This situation, which is
[15389]mow upon us, has two consequences: first that
[15390]decisions are made on the basis of rules and
[15391]criteria no one knows explicitly, and second
[15392]that the system of rules and criteria becomes
[15393]immune to change. ("On the Impact of the Com-
[15394]puter on Society,” pp. 612-613).
[15396]What is the effect of this situation on individuals
[15397]and on society? Two side effects are discussed by
[15398]Weizenbaum.
[15400]First of course, there is the psychological
[15401]impact on individuals living in a society in
[15402]which anonymous, hence irresponsible. forces
[15403]formulate the large questions of the day and
[15404]circumscribe the range of possible answers.
[15405]--- But even worse, since computer-based know-
[15406]ledge systems become essentially unmodifiable
[15407]except in that they can grow, and since they
[15408]induce dependence and cannot, after a certain
[15409]threshold is crossed, be abandoned, there is
[15410]an enormous risk that they will be passed from
[15411]One generation to another, always growing.
[15412]CIbid.. p. 613)
[15414]Computers Are Not Gadgets
[15416]The reader may argue the degree to which these
[15417]side effects are already present inour society, but,
[15418]if he reads sicence-fiction, he cannot ignore them.
[15419]While the first theme of the differences of man and
[15420]machines may be the most repeated, this second theme
[15421]is probably the most important. The science-fiction
[15422]writers maintain their importance as poets of the
[15423]"computer revolution” by redirecting our attention
[15424]from the computer as "gadget" to the computer as an
[15425]integral part of the modern configuration of govern-
[15426]ment -academe-industry-management which shares skills,
[15427]resources, techniques, personnel, and goals. Just as
[15428]our image of the scientist has changed from the man
[15429]standing lonely vigil over a bubbling retort to
[15431]prove his scorned hypothesis, the isolated computer
[15432]with a programmed quirk, asked the wrong question or
[15433]fed the wrong data, is no longer hero. Franken-
[15434]stein's monster, or the more recent, Karl. Emmy. and
[15435]Siema, for example, are very limited creations with
[15436]identifiable creators, circumscribed environments.
[15437]and restricted effects. We now have instead Shal-
[15438]maneser, Project 79, Vulcan 3, Allied Mastercomputer,
[15439]or simply, The Machine. The new computer-hero has
[15440]remote access, varied input and output devices, pro-
[15441]cesses large amounts of data supplied by different
[15442]agencies. works in real-time, makes policy decisions
[15443]based on quasi-mathematics, commands vast resources,
[15444]and affects large numbers of people.
[15446]Bibliography
[15448]Fiction
[15450]1. Anderson, Poul. “Sam Hall”. Astounding Science
[15451]Fiction. September 1953, as reprinted in (10).
[15453]2. Asimov, Isaac. “Franchise”. If, Vol. 5, No. 5,
[15454]August 1955. .
[15456]3. . “Someday”. 1956, as reprinted
[15457]in (23).
[15459]4. Boulle, Pierre. “The Perfect Robot". Time Out
[15460]of Mind, Vanguard Press, 1966 (quote p. 75,
[15461]Signet edition, 1969). °
[15463]5. Brunner, John. Stand on Zanzibar. Ballahtine
[15465]: Books, 1968, (quotes pp. 101, 645. 649).
[15467]6. Burdick, Eugene. The 480. Dell Publishing Co.,
[15469]1964.
[15470]7, Caidin, Martin. The God Machine. E.P. Dutton
[15471]& Co., 1968.
[15473]o
[15475]Cameron, Lou. Cybernia. Fawcett Publications,
[15476]Inc., 1972. .
[15477]9. Cole, Burt. The Funco File. Doubleday, 1969,
[15478](quote p. 187, Avon edition, 1970).
[15479]10. Conklin, Groff, ed. Selections from Science-
[15480]' Fiction Thinking Machines. Vanguard. 1954.
[15481]11. Delany, Samuel R. The Fall of the Towers.
[15482]Sphere Books, Great Britain, 1971 (originally
[15483]published as Bk. I— Out of the Dead Citv:
[15484]Bk. II — The Towers of Toron; Bk. III —
[15485]City of a Thousand Suns).
[15486]12. Dick, Philip K. “Autofac". Galaxy Publishing
[15487]Corp., 1955, as reprinted in (14).
[15489]13. . “The Variable Man”. Space Pub-
[15490]lications Inc., 1953, as reprinted in (14).
[15492]14. - The Variable Man and Other Stor-
[15493]ies. Ace Books, 1957.
[15495]15. . Vulcan's Hammer. Ace Books,
[15496]1960.
[15498]16. Dnieprov, Anatoly. "Siema". More Soviet Sci-
[15499]ence Fiction, Collier Books, 1962.
[15501]17. Ellison, Harlan. "I Have No Mouth and I Must
[15502]Scream". If, 1967, as reprinted in I Have No
[15503]Mouth and I Must Scream, Pyramid Books, 1967,
[15504](quote p. 34).
[15506]18. Escarpit, Robert. The Novel Computer. Flamma-
[15507]Tion, 1964, (English translation Martin
[15508]Secker and Warburg, Ltd., England, 1966).
[15510]19, Fairman, Paul W. .I, the Machine.. Lancer Books.
[15511]1968
[15513]20. Galouye, Dan. Counterfeit World. Victor Gol-
[15514]lanz, Great Britain, 1964.
[15516]21. Heinlein, Robert A. The Moon is a Harsh Mis-
[15517]tress. Putnam-Berkley Medallion Books, 1966.
[15519]22. Johannesson, Olof. A Tale of the Big Computer
[15520](English translation). Coward-McCann, Inc..
[15521]1968. °
[15523]23. Knight, Damon, ed. The Metal Smile. Belmont
[15524]Production, 1968.
[15526]24. Mason, Douglas R. Matrix. Ballentine Books,
[15527]1970.
[15529]25. Miller, Walter M., Jr. “Dumb Waiter". Astound-
[15531]ing Science Fiction. April 1952, as re-
[15532]printed in (10).
[15535]13-00000
[15537]26. Pohl, Frederick and Jack Williamson. Starchild.
[15539]‘ Penguin Books, 1970.
[15541]27. Sheckley, Robert. "Fool's Mate". 1953, as re-
[15542]printed in (23).
[15543]- Sladek, John. The Reproductive Svstem. May-
[15544]flower Paperbacks, England, 1970.
[15546]29. Weir. E. C. “What Happened to the Teaching Ma-
[15547]chine". Teaching Machines: Industry Survey
[15548]and Buyer's Guide. Center for Programmed In-
[15549]struction, 1962, as reprinted in Of Men and
[15550]Machines, A.0. Lewis, Jr., ed., Dutton, 1963.
[15552]8
[15554]Non-Fiction
[15556]30. Ascher, Marcia. “Computers in Science Fiction".
[15557]Harvard Business Review, November-December
[15558]1963.
[15560]31. . “Fictional Computers and Their
[15561]Themes”. Computers and Automation. Vol. 11,
[15562]No. 12, December 1962.
[15564]Sdeehousins, Norman. “The Computer and the Poet".
[15566]Saturday Review, July 1906, as reprinted in
[15567](35), Cquote p. 500).
[15569]33. Mazlish, Bruce. "The Fourth Discontinuity".
[15570]Technology and Culture. January 1967, as re-
[15571]printed in (35).
[15573]34. Meadows, Donella H., Dennis L. Meadows, Jergen,
[15574]Randers, and William W. Behrens III. The
[15575]Limits to Growth. Potomac Associates, 1972
[15576](New American Library Signet edition, 1972).
[15578]35. Pylyshyn, Zenon W., ed. Perspectives on the
[15579]Computer Revolution. Prentice-Hall, 1970.
[15581]36. Simon, Herbert A., and Allen Newell. “Informa-
[15582]tion-Processing in Computers and Man".
[15583]American Scientist. Vol. 52, No. 3,. 1964,
[15584]as reprinted in (35).
[15586]37. Weizenbaum, Joseph. "On the Impact of the Com-
[15587]puter on Society". Science. Vol. 176, May
[15588]1972.
[15590]Binger — Continued from page 17
[15592]our world trade. These weights must be removed and
[15593]this need must be attended to by Congress and our-
[15594]selves. We must endorse, broaden and actively sup-
[15595]port the steps that adjustment assistance can take
[15596]to alleviate human distress, cushion the impact of
[15597]change and spur internal transition to successful
[15598]competitive enterprise.
[15600]When we become more familiar with the great in-
[15601]fluence wielded by exports and the creative capabil-
[15602]ities of companies that operate in many lands, we
[15603]will do a lot more to overcome, where they exist,
[15604]the. penalties we pay for the benefits we enjoy. 1
[15605]firmly believe this.
[15607]If I have reminded you of both the pluses and
[15608]minuses that world trade produces, ask yourself how
[15609]much of this your family knows and understands. See
[15610]how skillful you can be in finding ways to make this
[15611]vital topic really interesting to your family, your
[15612]neighbors, your associates and the other thinkers,
[15613]teachers and decision-makers in your community.
[15615]This we will do, wherever we have Honeywell
[15616]people who have built their careers on unraveling
[15617]knotty problems in research. production, distribu-
[15618]tion, legislation and public affairs.
[15620]We mean to do the things which will make the or-
[15621]dering of a sound world trade policy in the United
[15622]States the logical and popular response to a broad
[15623]and informed public petition.
[15625]We intend to urge businessmen. labor leaders, and
[15626]government officials to work for a system of world
[15627]business that will create jobs all over the world —
[15628]not in one country to the disadvantage of another.
[15630]Jt
[15632]————————————————— eT
[15634]CORRECTION
[15636]In the article "The Path to Championship Chess by
[15637]Computer" by Professor Donald Michie published in
[15638]the January 1973 issue of “Computers and Automa-
[15639]tion," the following corrections should be made:
[15641]Page 7, second column, third paragraph; lines
[15642]1 and 2: replace “the Rand Corporation mathema-
[15643]tician” by "the professional philosopher".
[15645]Page 8, the chess position for Figure 18
[15646]should be:
[15648]Page 9, the graph in Figure 2 should be
[15649]as follows (containing one more connecting link):
[15650]OR a—— 28 que Qn,
[15651]\ _
[15652]4 oa
[15653]Q9—— kK ———e RRP KR -* \
[15655]Child
[15656]an
[15659]STATENENT OF OWNERSHIP MARAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION! aara-arvense:
[15660]Computers end Automation [" Septeaber 30. 1973:
[15661]“monthly i
[15662]earners
[15663]- Berkete f
[15665]St., Newtonville, Middlesex County. Hass, 02100 Hl
[15667]jes, Inc.. seme address
[15669]Ednund €. Berkeley, BIS Mashington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160
[15670]ome '
[15672]sone
[15673]CARER ET cma 7 6 Sab SS ST ond CARS DTT CS TT OTE OE
[15674]eration cumny © honey | pene oar of te ORPLRE Sees. @ mt ound OF 8 empURER. Hr ren ond ati of
[15675]acta! cr? mast be na ere 97 4 RROD © ate ence Am te oom and mao as mt wy mn:
[15676]Pate mat be
[15677]SS Se Ey
[15678]| ~"“Berke ley Enterprises, Tet, | O15 Washingtos St, Newtonville, Wass
[15680]j So Sandra Lane, Wayne, N.
[15682]2 Ore
[15683]Ed Burnens ~ iD TTR POT
[15684]Tee BOND. OTS, WORTEA Si Cumity mcUbTR Gan sa OF Se 2a
[15685]TOTAL AMOUNT OF BONDS MORTGAGES OM OT MER SECURITIES 1 tere re emer :
[15688]me ere one weed hae tam onan © et ene wm tern rer EMO rere |
[15691]i
[15693]The ee net rene net meme sens oe os eee come |
[15694]i
[15696]Cree ieegeetiaeLereanahrentckerti beciedkaresdt terrier et
[15697]eooraet oa oe moet meee te tame Cesgormeeng O pmneny ti mace
[15698]om a en ee
[15700]10, GxTENT an0 matual DF cRcULATION
[15702]13-00000
[15704]‘A fabulous gift for Christmas:
[15706]*RIDE THE EAST WIND: Parables of Yesterday and Today”
[15708]by Edmund C. Berkeley, Author and Anthologist
[15710]Over fifty parables (including anecdotes, allegories, and fables) by Berkeley and many other
[15711]authors, modern and ancient, dealing with famous problems, modern, classic, or ageless. Many
[15713]“*= parables are decorated by a bouquet of proverbs and quotations — for readers who like to
[15714]choose which variety of lesson appeals to them. A short guide to some patches of common
[15715]sense and wisdom. Aan ideal gift. Illustrated. Hard cover. 224 pages.
[15717]Do you remember the story of the fox
[15718]and the grapes? illustrating a principle of
[15719]such timeless value that the phrase “sour
[15720]grapes” has been used and understood by
[15721]mitlions of people for 2000 years?
[15723]Well, why not make a collection of
[15724]ideas and principles of common sense and
[15725]wisdom — and why not illustrate them
[15726]with fables, allegories, and anecdotes of
[15727]enormous impact?
[15729]That was the plan of this book.
[15731]it comes right out of our work on the
[15732]“Notebook on Common Sense and Wisdom,
[15733]Elementary and Advanced” — which we
[15734]have been talking about for two years to
[15735]. anyone who wouid listen. -
[15737]Some of the issues of the Notebook
[15738]roused the interest of the president of
[15739]Quadrangle Books — and this book is one
[15740]of the results.
[15742]You can’t lose by taking a look at
[15744]this book:
[15746]@ You might enjoy it.
[15748]@ You might find much of it
[15749]humorous and imaginative —
[15750]as did Aesop's listeners.
[15752]@ You might find it instructive,
[15753]phildsophical, worth thinking
[15754]about, and more besides.
[15756]You can see it, read it, keep it for
[15758]7 days, return it, and back comes the
[15759]fult price of the book. ”
[15761]How can you lose?
[15762]We want only satisfied customers.
[15764](2) y ttett
[15766]= ere
[15768]The eagle in the great forest flew swiftly, but the Eastwind flew
[15770]mare ewiftly otill
[15772]13-00000
[15774]'* “RIDE THE EAST WIND:
[15775]Parables of Yesterday and Today”
[15777]Table of Contents
[15779]Part 1. The Condition of Man
[15781]Pandora and the Mysterious Box / H. A. Guerber
[15782]The Garden of Paradise* / Hans Christian Andersen
[15783]*to which the King’s son was transported by the East Wind
[15784]The History of the Doasyoulikes / Charies Kingsley
[15785]The Locksmith and the Stranger / Edmund C, Berkeley (B)
[15786]‘The Elephant and the Donkey / James Reston
[15787]Where that Superhighway Runs, There Used to be a
[15788]“Korntield / Robert Redfield
[15789]The Fire Squirrels / B
[15791]Part 2. On Flattery and Persuasion
[15793]The Crow and the Fox / Jean de La Fontaine
[15795]The Visitor who Got a Lot for Three Dollars /
[15796]George Ade
[15798]The Cuckoo and the Eagle / Ivan A. Kriloff
[15800]The Wind and the Sun / Aesop
[15802]The Lion in Love / Aesop
[15804]The Crow and the Mussel / Aesop, B
[15806]The Two Raccoons and the Button / B
[15808]Part 3. On Perseverance and Resourcefulness
[15810]The Crow and the Pitcher / Aesop
[15812]Robert Bruce and the Spider / Sir Walter Scott
[15813]Hannibal Mouse and the Other End of the World / B
[15814]The Fly, the Spider, and the Hornet / B
[15816]Part 4. Behavior — Moral and Otherwise
[15818]A Smail Wharf of Stones / Benjamin Franklin
[15819]The Three Bricklayers / B
[15821]The Good Samaritan / St. Luke
[15823]Much Obliged, Dear Lord / Fulton Oursler
[15825]The Fisherman, the Farmer, and the Peddler / B
[15827]Part 5. The Problem of Truth
[15829]On Being a Reasonable Creature / Benjamin Franklin
[15830]The Monkey and the Spectacles / Ivan A. Kriloff
[15831]The Golden Trumpets of Yap Yap / Mike Quin
[15832]The Barreis and the Pittsburgh Manufacturer / B
[15833]The Empty Column / William J. Wiswesser
[15834]The Differences in Two Strains of Corn / Edgar Anderson
[15835]The Six Blind Men of Nepal / 8
[15836]The Sighting of a Whale / B
[15837]The Stars and the Young Rabbit / B
[15838]The Ocean of Truth / Sir Isaac Newton
[15839]Part 6. On Common Sense
[15840]The Lark and her Young Ones / Aesop *
[15841]The Bear and the Young Dog / B
[15842]The Bear and the Young Calf / B
[15843]The Bear and the Young Beaver / B
[15844]“ The Wasps and the Honey Pot / Sir Roger |’Estrange
[15846]The Six-Day War and the Gulf of Dong / B
[15847]The Deceiver Faale / lamac Narthenta
[15849]wecee "202 (may be copied on any piece of paper)
[15851]The Fox of Mt. Etna and the Grapes
[15853]Once there was a Fox who lived on the lower slopes of
[15854]Mn. Etna, the great volcano in Sicily. These slopes are ex-
[15855]tremely fertile; the grapes that grow there may well be the
[15857]_ most delicious in the world; and of ali the farmers there,
[15858]Farmer Mario was probably the best. And this Fox longed
[15859]and longed for some of Farmer Mario's grapes. Sut they
[15860]grew very high on arbors, and all the arbors were inside a
[15861]vineyard with high walls, and the Fox had a problem. Of
[15862]course, the Fox of Mt Etna had utterly no use for his fam-
[15863]ous ancestor, who leaping for grapes that he could not reach,
[15864]cailed them sour, and went away.
[15866]The Fox decided that what he needed was Engineering
[15867]Technology. So he went to a retired Engineer who lived on
[15868]the slopes of Mt. Etna, because he liked: the balmy climate
[15869]and the view of the Mediterranean Sea and the excitement of
[15870]watching his instruments that measured the degree of sleep-
[15871]ing or waking of Mt. Etna. The Fox put his problem be-
[15872]fore the Engineer.
[15874]Missile Alarm from Grunelandt / B
[15875]The National Security of Adularia / B
[15876]Doomsday in St. Pierre, Martinique / B
[15878]Part 7. Problem Solving
[15879]The Wolf and the Dog of Sherwood / Aesop, B
[15880]The Three Earthworms / B :
[15881]The Hippopotamus and the Bricks / B
[15882]The Cricket that Made Music / Jean de La Fontaine, B
[15883]The Fox of Mt. Etna and the Grapes / B
[15884]The Mice of Cambridge in Council / Aesop, 8
[15885]Brer Badger’s Olid Motor Car that Wouldn't Go / B
[15886]The First Climbing of the Highest Mountain in the
[15888]World / Sir John Hunt, B
[15890]The Evening Star and the Princess / B
[15892]Notes
[15893]Some Collections of Parables and Fables
[15895]To be published in November 1973 by Quadrangle /
[15896]The New York Times Book Co., hard cover, $6.95
[15898]-RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS IF NOT SATISFACTORY
[15899](You can read it all in 7 days — and keep it only if
[15900]you think it is worth keeping.)
[15902]To: Computers and Automation
[15904]815 Washington St., Dept. CAI 1, Newtonville, Mass. 02160
[15906]( ) Please send me when published (November publication
[15907]expected) copy(ies) of Aide the East Wind:
[15908]Parables of Yesterday and Today by Edmund C.
[15909]Berkeley, Author and Anthologist. [ enclose $7.25
[15910](Publication price + Postage and Handling) per copy.
[15912](Prepayment is necessary)
[15914]RETURNASBLE IN 7 DAYS FOR FULL REFUND
[15915]IF NOT SATISFACTORY
[15917]Bais mammn need aaddedonnn 22e 2 00- -b w ‘
[15919]Total enclosed
[15921]" EDITORIAL
[15923](an updated version of an editorial first printed May 1973)
[15925]Burying Facts and Rewriting History - Il.
[15927]One of the efforts of this magazine is to pursue truth.
[15929]One of the ways in which truth is pursued is not to let
[15930]statements of the utmost importance be buried and for-
[15931]‘Potten in the pages of daily newspapers, nor unreported
[15932]and lost because they are no longer well covered in nation-
[15933]al news magazines.
[15935]Among those statements are two of permanent interest
[15936]in connection with the Watergate Caper (this phrase is es-
[15937]tablishmentese for “the Watergate Crime”).
[15939]— The statement by Bernard L. Barker, one of the con-
[15940]victed operatives, which explains his motivation
[15941]and background (see November 1972, Computers
[15942]and Automation).
[15944]~~ The statement by Alfred Baldwin, 3rd, ex-FBI agent,
[15945]an employee of the Republican Committee to Re-
[15946]elect the President, telling what he did and saw
[15947]while five men burglarized the Watergate offices
[15948]of the Democratic National Committee on June
[15949]17, 1972, about 2:30 a.m. (see December 1972,
[15950]C&A).
[15952]In addition, we have published seven installments of re-
[15953]ports on the Watergate Crime by our contributing editor,
[15954]Richard E. Sprague (a computer professional of 25 years
[15955]standing) who as an avocation has studied for many years
[15956]dirty political operations in the United States, including
[15957]the assassinations by conspiracies (not “lone assassins’) of
[15958]President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert Kennedy, and
[15959]Reverend Martin Luther King.
[15961]Three years ago in May 1970, when we began to pub-
[15962]lish this type of article, we could not have spoken confi-
[15963]dently of “the assassination by conspiracies” of two
[15964]Kennedys and one King. But the articles we have pub-
[15965]lished — which are listed and characterized on the follow-
[15966]ing pages — have together a remarkable impact.
[15968]Taken together, the information published May 1970 to
[15969]October 1973 in Computers and Automation effectively
[15970]destroys a large segment of the beliefs, the rewritten his-
[15971]tory, that the establishment in the United States has
[15972]arranged for people in the United States to believe. I do
[15973]not assert that the establishment is a conscious organism
[15974]Or Organization; perhaps the best description is this: a
[15975]loose confederation of overt conspiracies, silent conspir-
[15976]acies, and biased wealthy persons, with very intelligent
[15977]orchestration stemming from the Pentagon, the Central
[15978]Intelligence Agency and the Presidency, and with assists
[15979]from organized crime and the Mafia.
[15981]We challenge any fairminded person to read this col-
[15983]may be ordered from us), and after reading them, to still
[15984]believe that the assassinations are actually the actions of
[15985]“lone psychopaths,” instead of fitting together into a plan
[15986]to install a certain kind of autocracy in the United States.
[15988]This kind of autocracy claims to be democratic, to
[15989]stand up for ‘national security,” “executive privilege,”
[15991]“separation of Constitutional powers,” etc. It offers ap-
[15992]pearances of democracy, but it seizes the realities of
[15993]money and power. It cuts programs of social benefit; but
[15994]it allocates $80 billion a year to be paid to the military-
[15995]industrial-Pentagon complex.
[15997]In the 1940’s there was a name for this kind of autoc-
[15998]racy. Its name was “fascism,” effectively a dictatorship
[15999]in the interests of big business. What is now appearing in
[16000]the US. is “fascism” in the form of a dictatorship by the
[16001]military-industrial complex.
[16003]Here in a nutshell is an example of the present uneven
[16004]contest: it takes the form of two sentences in 4 report by
[16005]E. Drake Lundell, Jr., in Computerworld for April 22,
[16006]1973:
[16008]@ The Antitrust Division of the Justice Department
[16009]is “outmanned and outgunned” when it comes to
[16010]prosecuting cases like the current action against IBM,
[16011]Senate investigators were told last week,
[16013]@ In addition, witnesses before the Senate Antitrust
[16014]and Monopoly Subcommittee stated that often the
[16015]division cannot do its job properly because of polit-
[16016]ical pressure from the White House. ...
[16018]These two statements contain a world of implications.
[16020]Essentially, the Department of the United States Gov-
[16021]ernment which is charged with enforcing certain U.S. laws
[16022]against monopoly, can no longer properly function because
[16023]of (1) the enormous power of just one business, IBM, and
[16024](2) political pressure from the White House (this phrase is
[16025]establishmentese for “President Richard M. Nixon”).
[16028]We must dig up facts, remember them, and write
[16029]history the way it is.
[16030]We must take action to compel the persons who deceive
[16031]us and lie to us to leave the government of the United
[16032]States, such as Spiro Agnew, former Vice President.
[16034]Senne Cae
[16036]13-00000
[16038]-
[16040]18
[16042]The Watergate Crime
[16044]Articles Published in Computers and Automation August 1972 to September 1973
[16045]Inventory of Titles, Authors, and Summaries
[16047]August 1972
[16049]The June 1972 Raid on Democratic Party Head-
[16050]Quarters — Part 1
[16052]by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
[16054]A report on five men who have numerous con-
[16055]nections with the Republican Party, the White
[16056]House, the Central Intelligence Agency, anti-Castro
[16057]Cubans, and plans for the assassination of President
[16058]John F. Kennedy, and who were arrested seeking
[16059]to bug Democratic National Headquarters at 2:30
[16060]a.m., June 17, 1972,
[16062]October 1972
[16064]The Raid on Democratic Party Headquarters (The
[16065]Watergate Incident) — Part 2
[16066]by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
[16067]A report on further developments in the June 1972
[16068]raid by James McCord, Bernard Barker, and others,
[16069]on Nationa! Democratic Party Headquarters, and
[16070]implications affecting a number of Republican
[16071]leaders and President Richard M. Nixon.
[16073]November 1972
[16075]Bernard L. Barker: Portrait of a Watergate Burglar
[16076]by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and
[16077]Automation
[16079]How a cloak and dagger operative and right-wing
[16080]activist, who was caught as a burglar in the Water-
[16081]gate Hotel offices of the Democratic National
[16083]Headquarters, looks at himself and his line of work.
[16085]Walter Sheridan — Democrats’ Investigator? or Re-
[16086]publicans’ Countermeasure?
[16087]by Richard E, Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
[16088]Walter Sheridan, recently employed by the Demo-
[16089]cratic Nationa! Committee to investigate the
[16090]Watergate Incident, may actually be a “counter-
[16091]measure” by the Republicans to defeat the Demo-
[16092]cratic investigation.
[16094]December 1972
[16096]The Raid on Democratic Party Headquarters (The
[16097]Watergate incident) — Part 3
[16098]by Richard E, Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
[16099]A report on further developments in the June
[16100]1972 raid by James McCord, Bernard Barker, and
[16101]others, on National Democratic Party Headquarters,
[16102]and implications affecting a number of Republican
[16103]leaders and President Richard M. Nixon.
[16104]Martha Mitchell and the Watergate Incident
[16105]by Martha Mitchell, the magazine Parade, and
[16106]- Richard E. Sprague
[16108]How Martha Mitchel! (wife of former Attorney
[16109]General -Inhn Mitrholl) wae mntartnd and teane te
[16111]communicado and a prisoner -- reported on by
[16112]Mrs. Mitchell and the editor of Parade magazine.
[16114]27 ~The Watergate Crime: An Eye-Witness Account
[16115]by Alfred Baldwin, 3rd
[16117]A round-by-round account by an ex-FBl agent, an
[16118]employee of the Republican Committee to Re-
[16119]elect the President, of what went on while five
[16120]men burglarized the Watergate offices, June 17,
[16121]2:30 a.m. Baldwin's main assignment was listening
[16122]to bugged calls to the Democratic National Com-
[16123]mittee. .
[16125]January 1973
[16127]President Richard M. Nixon, the Bay of Pigs, and the
[16128]Watergate incident — Part 4
[16129]by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
[16130]How President Nixon lied in 1960 about the plans
[16131]for the Bay of Pigs Invasion, and is suppressing in
[16132]1972 the investigations of the Watergate Incident.
[16134]March .1973
[16136]The Watergate Crime and the Cover-Up Strategy —
[16137]Part 5 ;
[16138]by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
[16139]A report on the trial of E. Howard Hunt, James
[16140]McCord, Bernard Barker, and four other persons
[16141]for their raid on Democratic National Committee
[16142]Headquarters in June 1972 using funds of the Re-
[16143]publican Committee for the Re-Election of the
[16144]President; and the Strategies of cover-up that
[16145]have been employed.
[16147]June 1973
[16149]26 Watergate: What More is There to Hide? — Part 6
[16150]by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
[16151]How investigation into the Watergate Crime is
[16152]leading to ramifications and implications, and
[16153]what are some more of the now hidden connec-
[16154]tions that may be revealed,
[16156]August 1973
[16158]36 Lessons of Watergate — Part 7
[16159]by Richard £. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
[16160]The collection of Watergate Crimes; the anatomy
[16161]of a “Really Big American Cover-Up”; other
[16162]cases of “Really Big American Cover-Ups”’; and
[16163]the implications and ramifications.
[16165]September 1973
[16167]37 ~—s«Six Parallels of 25 Years Ago
[16168]by Alger Hiss
[16169]How an establishment attacked Alger Hiss —
[16171]13-00000
[16173]Pear
[16175]32
[16176]32
[16177]35
[16178]48
[16179]48
[16180]50
[16181]50
[16183]51
[16185]Political Assassinations in the United States
[16187]Articles Published in Computers and Automation May 1970 to October 1973
[16188]Inventory of Titles, Authors, and Summaries
[16190]May 1976
[16191]The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy:
[16192]The Application of Computers to the Photographic
[16193]Evidence
[16194]by Richard E. Sprague
[16195]A reexamination of some of the evidence relating
[16196]to the assassination of John F. Kennedy — with
[16197]emphasis on the possibilities and problems of
[16198]computerized analysis of the photographic evi-
[16199]dence.
[16201]duly 1970
[16203]The May Article, “The Assassination of President
[16204]John F. Kennedy: The Application of Computers to
[16205]the Photographic Evidence’ — Report No. 2:
[16207]More About Jim Hicks
[16209]Confirmation of FBI Knowledge 12 Days Before
[16211]Dallas of a Plot to Kill President Kennedy
[16213]The Second Conspiracy About the Assassination
[16215]of President Kennedy
[16217]August 1970
[16219]The Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy:
[16220]Preface, by Edmund C. Berkeley
[16221]Two Men With Guns Drawn at Senator Kennedy’s
[16222]Assassination: Statement to the Press, by Theo-
[16224]Map of the Scene of the Assassination of Senator
[16225]Robert Kennedy
[16226]The Pantry Where Senator Robert Kennedy was
[16227]Assassinated
[16228]Bultet Hole in the Frame of a Door
[16229]Two Bullet Holes in the Center Divider of the
[16230]Pantry Door
[16232]September 1970
[16233]Patterns of Political Assassination: How Many Coin-
[16234]cidences Make a Plot?
[16235]by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and
[16236]Automation
[16237]How the science of probability and statistics can
[16238]be used as an instrument of decision to determine
[16239]if a rare event is: (I) within a reasonable range;
[16240](2) unusual or strange or suspicious: or (3) the re-
[16241]sult of correlation or cause or conspiracy.
[16242]Computer-Assisted Analysis of Evidence Regarding
[16244]a.
[16246]52
[16248]45
[16250]Progress Report
[16251]by Richard E. Sprague
[16253]October 1970
[16255]The Conspiracy to Assassinate Senator Robert F.
[16256]Kennedy and the Second Conspiracy to Cover it Up
[16257]by Richard E. Sprague
[16259]A summary of what researchers are uncovering in
[16260]their investigation of what appears to be not one
[16261]but two conspiracies relating to the assassination
[16262]of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
[16264]Index to “Special Unit Senator: The investigation of
[16266]the Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy”
[16267]An index is supplied for the Random House book
[16268]written by Robert A. Houghton, of the Los
[16270]* Angeles Police Department, about the investigation
[16271]of the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
[16273]November 1970
[16274]Confidential and Secret Documents of the Warren
[16275]Commission Deposited in the U.S. Archives
[16276]by Neil Macdonaid, Assistant Editor
[16277]A list of the subjects of over 200 documents of
[16278]the Warren Commission which were classified con-
[16279]fidential, secret, and top secret.
[16281]December 1970
[16282]The Assassination of Reverend Martin Luther King,
[16283]Jr., The Role of James Ear! Ray, and the Question
[16284]of Conspiracy
[16285]by Richard E. Sprague
[16287]James Earl Ray says he was coerced into entering
[16289]a plea of guilty to killing Martin Luther King...
[16291]and contrary evidence (plus other evidence} have
[16293]led to filing of legal petitions for relief.
[16295]January 1971
[16296]The Death of Walter Reuther: Accidental or Planned?
[16297]by Edmund C. Berkeley and Leonard Walden
[16298]Some significant questions about the plane crash
[16299]in May 1970 in which Walter Reuther was killed.
[16301]February 1971
[16303]The Report of the National Committee to Investigate
[16304]Assassinations
[16305]by Bernard Fensterwatd, James Lesar, and Robert
[16307]13-00000
[16309]What the National Committee in Washington, D.C.
[16310]is doing about computerizing files of evidence, in-
[16312]itiating lawsuits to obtain information, etc.; and
[16313]comments on two new books by District Attorney
[16314]Jim Garrison and Robert Biair Kaiser.
[16316]March 1971
[16318]35 «= “The Assassination of President Kennedy: The Ap-
[16319]Plication of Computers to the Photographic Evi-
[16322]35 =|. Another View, by Benjamin L. Schwartz, Ph.D.
[16323]A polemical attack on “The Assassination of
[16325]President Kennedy: the Application of Com-
[16327]puters to the Photographic Evidence” by
[16329]Richard E. Sprague published May 1970.
[16330]40 ; I, Response, by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor
[16332]eo,
[16333]45 District Attorney Jim Garrison on the Assassination
[16334]of President Kennedy: A Review of Heritage of Stone
[16335]by Neil Macdonald, Assistant Editor
[16337]April 1971
[16338]32 = The Right of Equal Access to Government
[16339]information
[16340]by the Nationa! Committee to investigate Assassi-
[16341]nations, Washington, D.C.
[16343]May 1971
[16344]27 ~—s- The Assassination of President Kennedy: The Spatial
[16345]Chart of Events in Dealey Plaza
[16346]by Robert B. Cutler, Architect
[16347]The chart, first published in May 1970, is revised
[16348]and brought up to date.
[16350]June 1971
[16351]41° The Case of Secret Service Agent Abraham W. Bolden
[16353]by Bernard Fensterwald, Attorney, Executive Di-
[16354]rector, National Committee to Investigate Assassi-
[16355]nations
[16357]Bolden wanted to tell the Warren Commission
[16359]about a Chicago plot to kill President Kennedy,
[16361]and was jailed six years on a framed-up charge
[16363]for trying to do so.
[16365]July 1971
[16366]51 The Central intelligence Agency and The New York
[16367]Times
[16368]by Samuel F. Thurston, Newton, Mass.
[16369]The issue of systematic suppression of questions
[16370]about the assassination of President John F.
[16371]Kennedy, and a hypothesis.
[16373]August 1971
[16374]37 Jim Garrison, District Attorney, Orleans Patish, vs.
[16375]the Federal Government
[16376]by Bernard Fensterwald, Attorney, Executive Di-
[16377]rector, National Committee to Investigate Assassi-
[16378]nations
[16379]How District Attorney Jim Garrison of New
[16380]Orleans became interested in the New Orleans
[16381]phase of the assassination of President Kennedy;
[16382]and how the Federal government frustrated and
[16384]blocked his investigation in more than a dozen
[16385]ways.
[16387]September 1971
[16389]26 The Federat Bureau of Investigation and the Assassi-
[16390]" nation of President Kennedy
[16391]by Bernard Fensterwaid, Attorney
[16393]How J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI withheld much
[16394]pertinent information from the Warren Commis-
[16395]sion, flooded them with irrelevant information, and
[16396]altered some important evidence, thus concealing
[16397]Oswaid’s connections with the FBI.
[16399]October 1971
[16401]41 The Assassination of President Kennedy — Declassi-
[16402]fication of Relevant Documents from the National
[16403]Archives
[16405]by Richard E. Sprague
[16406]The titles of the documents and other evidence
[16407]indicate convincingly that Lee Harvey Oswald was
[16408]trained in spy work by the CIA before his visit to
[16409]Russia; etc. Like the Pentagon Papers, these doc-
[16410]uments should be declassified.
[16412]November 1971
[16413]24 = The Assassination of President Kennedy: The Pattern
[16414]of Coup d’Etat and Public Deception
[16415]by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and
[16416]Automation
[16417]Five significant, eye-opening events from May 1970
[16418]to October 1971, showing patterns of coup d'etat,
[16419]assassination, and concealment; and some predic-
[16420]tions.
[16421]December 1971 :
[16422]32 = The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: A
[16423]Model for Explanation
[16424]by Vincent J. Salandria, Attorney, Philadelphia, Pa.
[16425]A study of the reasons why a great deal of the
[16426]Federal government's own evidence in the assassi-
[16427]nation of President John F. Kennedy declared
[16428]“conspiracy” — and a hypothesis, supported by
[16429]considerable evidence, about why the President
[16430]was assassinated and how the implications of that
[16431]action were to be signaled to those who could
[16432]tead the signals.
[16433]6 The Strategy of Truth-Telling
[16434]by Edmund C. Berkeley
[16435]Editoriat
[16436]January 1972
[16437]57 = Spotlight on McGeorge Bundy and the White House
[16438]Situation Room
[16439]by Robert B. Cutler, Manchester, Mass.
[16440]An argument that the “lone assassin — no con-
[16441]spiracy” announcement from the White House
[16442]Situation Room could have resulted from infor-
[16443]mation available in Dallas and Washington prior to
[16444]the announcement — and thus does not actually
[16445]demonstrate that someone there had a guilty fore-
[16446]knowledge of the shooting.
[16448]13-00000
[16450]: . February 1972
[16451]43 Who Shot President Kennedy? — Or Fact and Fable
[16452]in History
[16453]by Gareth Jenkins, Weston, Mass.
[16455]How the physical evidence actually published by
[16456]the Warren Commission retating to the assassina-
[16457]tion of President John F. Kennedy shows con-
[16458]clusively that more than one man was responsible
[16459]for the shooting — contrary to the Commission’s’
[16460]own report,
[16462]March, April, May, June 1972
[16463]2 ~sCODalias: Who, How, Why? (in four parts)
[16464]by Mikhail Sagatelyan, Moscow, USSR
[16465]== ~—A long report published in Leningrad, USSR, by
[16466]~ an ace Soviet reporter about the circumstances of
[16467]the assassination of President John F. Kennedy,
[16469]and their significance from a Soviet point of view.
[16471]duly 1972
[16472]32 The Shooting of Presidential Candidate George C,
[16473]Wallace: A Systems-Analysis Discussion
[16474]by Thomas Stamm, Bronx, N.Y., and Edmund C.
[16475]Berkeley, Editor
[16476]An analysis of the shooting of Governor Wallace
[16478]of Alabama; and a discussion of systematic methods
[16480]for protecting American leaders from violent at-
[16481]tacks.
[16482]10 =The Shooting of Governor George C. Wallace, Can-
[16483]didate for President
[16484]by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor
[16485]Editorial
[16487]September 1972
[16488]24 = The Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy:
[16489]Proofs of Conspiracy and of Two Persons Firing
[16491]by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
[16492]A review and summary of the evidence showing
[16493]conclusively the fact of conspiracy and the pres-
[16494]ence of two guns firing, at the time of the assassi-
[16495]nation of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
[16497]November 1972
[16498]32 = The Central Intelligence Agency: A Short History to
[16499]Mid-1963 — Part 1
[16500]by James Hepburn, author of Farewell America
[16502]The unverified, but probably largely true, secret
[16503]history of the Central Intelligence Agency of the
[16504]U.S. — as a preliminary to its involvement in the
[16505]assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
[16507]December 1972
[16509]34 =‘ The Central Intelligence Agency: A Short History to
[16510]Mid-1963 — Part 2
[16512]38 =Le Francais Qui Devait Tuer Kennedy (The French-
[16514]man Who Was To Kill Kennedy)
[16516]wee a oe
[16518]26
[16520]31
[16522]34
[16524]January 1973
[16525]The Frenchman Who Was To Kill Kennedy
[16526]by Philippe Bernert and Camille Gilles, L “Aurore,
[16527]Paris, France; translated by Ann K. Bradley
[16528]English translation of the French newspaper re-
[16529]port on José Luis Romero, which was reprinted
[16530]in French in the December issue.
[16531]Why | Distrust the Romero Story
[16532]by Robert P. Smith, Director of Research, Commit-
[16533]tee to Investigate Assassinations, Washington, D.C.
[16534]The Romero report reprinted from L ‘Aurore has
[16535]many earmarks indicating that it is very difficult
[16536]to believe.
[16538]February 1973
[16539]Analysis of the Autopsy on President John F. Ken-
[16540]nedy, and the Impossibility of the Warren Commis-
[16541]sion’s “Lone Assassin” Conclusion
[16542]by Cyril H. Wecht, M.D., Institute of Forensic
[16543]Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pa.
[16544]The coroner of Allegheny County, Pa., reports on
[16545]his examination of the evidence that still remains
[16546]{some of it is missing) locked up in the National
[16547]Archives of the United States, not accessible to
[16548]ordinary investigators.
[16549]US. Electronic Espionage: A Memoir — Part 1
[16550]by Ramparts, Berkeley, Calif.
[16551]How the U.S. National Security Agency intercepts,
[16552]- decodes, and understands almost all secret and top
[16553]secret electronic communications and signals of ail
[16554]nations all over the worid.
[16556]March 1973
[16557]U. S. Electronic Espionage: A Memoir — Part 2
[16558]by Ramparts, Berkeley, Calif.
[16560]How the National Security Agency intercepted and
[16561]decoded enemy messages in order to direct bomb-
[16562]ing strikes in Viet Nam, and often failed; and how
[16563]the hideousness of what the American military
[16564]forces were doing in Southeast Asia finally led
[16565]this interviewee to resigning and terminating.
[16567]April, May 1973
[16568]The New Orleans Portion of the Conspiracy to As-
[16569]sassinate President John F. Kennedy — Four
[16570]Articles:
[16571](1) by Edmund C, Berkeléy, in the Apri! issue: (2)
[16572]by Jim Garrison, in the April issue; (3) by F. irving
[16573]Dymond, in the May issue; (4) by Jim Garrison, in
[16574]the May issue
[16575]On November 20, 1972, the Supreme Court of the
[16576]United States refused to permit Jim Garrison, Dis-
[16577]trict Attorney, New Orleans, to prosecute Clay
[16578]Shaw for perjury. On November 21, Jim Garrison
[16579]issued a statement commenting-on this refusal,
[16580]which is Article 4 of this set; Article 1 is an intro-
[16581]duction; Articles 2 and 3 are opening statements
[16585]13-00000
[16587]«F. trving-Dymond, attorney for the defendant, in
[16588]the February 1969 triat of Clay Shaw in New
[16589]Orleans; Ciay Shaw was charged by the grand jury
[16590]with “having conspired with David W. Ferrie and
[16591]Lee Harvey Oswald to murder President John F.
[16592]Kennedy” — in regard to which the trial jury
[16593]found Clay Shaw “not guilty”.
[16595]May 1973
[16597]6 Burying Facts and Rewriting History
[16599]by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and
[16601]Automation
[16602]Taken together, the information published May
[16603]1970 to May 1973 in Computers and Automation
[16604]effectively destroys a large segment of the beliefs,
[16605]the rewritten history, that the establishment in
[16606]the United States has arranged for the peopie in
[16607]the United States to believe.
[16609]4
[16611]June, July 1973
[16613]36 The American News Media and the Assassination of
[16614]President John F. Kennedy: Accessories After the
[16615]Fact (in two parts)
[16616]by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
[16618]An examination of what happened in many im-
[16619]portant American news organizations, to cover up
[16620]and hide the facts about how President John F.
[16621]Kennedy was actually assassinated in Dallas.
[16623]September 1973
[16625]6 = Establishments and Truth
[16627]by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and
[16629]Automation
[16630]The nature of an establishment as a system
[16632]38 =A Parailel of 1963
[16634]by Marguerite C. Oswald, Ft. Worth, Texas
[16635]The ignoring of evidence of conspiracy regarding
[16636]Lee Harvey Oswald — a parallel to the Watergate
[16637]cover-up.
[16639]October 1973
[16641]21) The Framing of Lee Harvey Oswald
[16642]by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.
[16644]When Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested, Nov. 22,
[16645]1963, for the assassination of President John F.
[16646]Kennedy, he said to his captors in the Dallas jail
[16647]cell, “I'ma patsy”. A review of the evidence
[16648](including 18 photographs) proves that Oswald
[16649]was a patsy, and that he was “framed” for the
[16650]murder of President Kennedy — although “estab-
[16651]lishmentese” American history denies it.
[16655]Hertlein — Continued from page 19
[16657]human failing. Even the most broad-minded practi-
[16658]tioner is bound by his or her capacities and philos-
[16659]ophy, and it requires a deliberate and concerted ef-
[16660]fort to remain open-minded, and to appreciate varied
[16661]approaches that are not in accord with one’s own
[16662]temporary aesthetic parameters. One discerns com-
[16663]puter artists who prefer natural or man-made pat-
[16664]terns and sounds, vs. those who desire only mathe~
[16665]matics, electronic and computer sounds, sans the
[16666]human touch. There are those who exploit two or
[16667]three-dimensional static images, vs. the creators
[16668]who prefer moving permutations in flux, declaiming
[16669]that the computer is a perceptual medium, and there-
[16670]fore should not be imprisoned in static form, i.e.,
[16671]cybernetic art is “pure idea,” ad infinitum. Ironi-
[16672]cally, even the newest of the arts appears destined
[16673]to hardening within specific schools of thought,
[16674]with separatist camps warring in "vs." expression
[16675]and debate.
[16677]Summary
[16679]It is obvious that the concept of manipulation
[16680]and processing via the computer is merely the first
[16681]stage of cybernetic creation. Even now, far beyond
[16682]the statements of the artistic problem and aesthetic,
[16683]personal variation, is a vast, open territory that
[16684]is being explored by questioning. hardy intellec-
[16685]tual pioneers, as they seek to perceive the inner
[16686]anatomy of art and philosophy:
[16688]What is style?
[16690]What constitutes the aesthetic? How may this
[16691]be accomplished?
[16693]What is art? Music? Sculpture? Dance?
[16694]Poetry?
[16696]What is science? Mathematics?
[16698]Is art purely the man-made: The sound of
[16700]' the human voice, or playing music upon
[16701]man-made instruments? The painting and
[16702]sculpting of man with hand-held tools?
[16704]Is art a part of life, embracing: The ordin-
[16705]ary, the animal and natural sounds? The
[16706]patterns carved by the winds, sands, and
[16707]the water?
[16709]Is art perceptual, a mere fleeting moment or
[16710]experience in time, or is it permanent, en-
[16711]during?
[16713]What is the optimum role of man in a cyber-
[16716]What is the role of art in a technology-ori-
[16719]What is the symbiosis of man-and-the-machine?
[16721]What is thinking?
[16723]What is creativity?
[16725]Is man the measure of all things?
[16727]When man uses the computer as an aid in creation,
[16728]or when he attempts to create heuristic art, his
[16729]mind finds new questions to explore and to answer.
[16730]It appears highly possible that a renewed perception
[16731]of life and the arts awaits present and future gen-
[16732]erations of man, and that this’ may be partially ac-
[16733]complished by eliminating the boundaries of compart-
[16734]mentalized disciplines, and by walking freely be-
[16735]tween art and science, by combining interdisciplin-
[16736]ary practices and materials, to hopefully bring
[16737]forth the ideal of an open, growing, and dimensional
[16738]perception of art/life for the human rade. O
[16742]Editor's Note: This paper is published in accord-
[16743]ance with a new editorial policy of allowing writers
[16744]freer expression, with no editing by the editors, in
[16745]the hope that greater variety of expression and
[16746]ideas will result for the benefit of readers.
[16748]13-00000
[16754]Classified Advertisement
[16756]THE COLLEGE OF
[16757]PETROLEUM & MINERALS
[16759]Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
[16761]This major technical university. serving the petro-
[16762]leum and minerals industry, is seeking candidates
[16763]for instructional faculty in a new College of Indus-
[16764]trial Management, Department of DATA PROCESSING and
[16765]INFORMATION SCIENCES.
[16766]: ty
[16768]Program will closely follow ACM curriculum committee
[16770]eommendations on Computer Education for Management.
[16771]Sophisticated configuration IBM 370/155 available.
[16772]All instruction in English. Appointments will be at
[16773]appropriate Academic Ranks for which candidates
[16774]qualify, and be effective 1 September 1974. Personal
[16775]interviews will be arranged after submission of doc-
[16776]umentation.
[16778]PROFESSOR (all Ranks)
[16780]Ph.D. in Information Science, Engineering or
[16781]related fields; 3 to 5 years teaching experi-
[16782]ence; extensive experience with commercial sys-
[16783]tems and management information systems: broad
[16784]knowledge of data processing/information system
[16785]education; detailed knowledge of languages,
[16786]methods, hardware and software evaluation used
[16787]in commercial data processing application.
[16789]LECTURER/INSTRUCTOR PROGRAMMING and COMPUTER
[16790]SYSTEMS (all Ranks)
[16791]M.B.A. or M.Sc. in Business Administration or
[16792]similar academic qualifications: two to three
[16793]years experience in government, business or in-
[16794]dustry in area of computer systems, programming,
[16795]and systems analysis; previous teaching experi-
[16796]- ence highly desirable but not essential: spe-
[16797]cific instructional capability: Programming
[16798](COBOL); Information Structures; Storage and
[16799]Management; Sorting and Searching; Hardware/
[16800]Software Configuration and Evaluation; File
[16801]Systems; Data Management Systems; Communication
[16802]System Organization; Data Base Development.
[16804]LECTURER/INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS (all
[16805]Ranks)
[16807]M.B.A. or M.Sc. in Business Administration or
[16808]Management; two to three years experience in
[16809]Business Systems and Management Information with
[16810]work in both systems analysis and design; pre-
[16811]vious teaching experience highly desirable but
[16812]not essential. Specific instructional capabili-
[16813]ties: Systems Organization or Management; Basic
[16814]Analysis tools: Systems Implementation; Manage-
[16815]‘ment Systems; Systems Life Cycle; Long-Range
[16816]Planning; Systems Development; Scheduling and
[16817]Allocation; Queuing Models; Inventory Models:
[16818]Simulation Models.
[16820]Please send detailed professional resume and address
[16821]all inquiries to: .
[16823]College of Petroleum & Minerals
[16825]c/o Saudi Arabian Educational Mission
[16827]860 Third Avenue — l7th Floor
[16829]New York, N.Y. 10022
[16831]CORRECTION
[16833]In the July 1973 issue of Computers and Automation,
[16834]a single article entitled "Communication — Three-
[16836]Way: Chimpanzee, Man, Computer" was published. Part
[16837]1 was authored by Larry B. Dendy of the Public Rela-
[16838]tions Office of the University of Georgia and Part 2
[16839]was authored by Ernst von Glasersfeld et al of the
[16840]University of Georgia and the Yerkes Regional Prim-
[16841]ate Research Center of Emory University.
[16843]In compliance with the authors’ wishes, the two
[16844]parts of that article have been reprinted as two
[16845]separate articles. The first article is authored
[16846]solely by Larry B. Dendy and is titled, "Communica-
[16847]tion — Three Way: Chimpanzee, Man, Computer." The
[16848]second article is authored by Ernst von Glasersfeld
[16849]and his colleagues from the Yerkes Primate Research
[16850]Center and Georgia State University and is titled,
[16851]“A Computer Mediates Communication with a Chimpanzee,"
[16852]Also, and in compliance with the authors’ wishes, all
[16853]figures and tables of the article as published in
[16854]the July 1973 issue have been included in the second
[16855]of these articles.
[16857]: In the 1973 annual index Computers and Automation
[16859]will enter the two articles in this manner, which
[16860]serves to separate a regular article from a formal
[16861]scientific and technical report.
[16863]DID YOU ENJOY THIS ISSUE OF ~-
[16864]COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION
[16866]Would you like to send it at no cost to some friends of yours,
[16867]with a message?
[16869]We'll join you half-way — you send us his name and address
[16870](with zip) and the message, and we will send the issue and
[16871]your message to him TOGETHER WITH a gentle ‘‘soft-sell”
[16872]invitation to subscribe to Computers and Automation.
[16874]“We have set aside a hundred copies of this issue for this pur-
[16876]pose. So long as they last, we can carry out your request.
[16877]Just fill in the following and send it to us:
[16879]tee eee e eee eee ee (may be copied on any piece of paper) ------------+e- cere reeee
[16881]To: Computers and Automation and Peopie :
[16882]815 Washington St., Newtonville, MA 02160 :
[16883]{ ) Urequest that you send a copy of the issue of :
[16884]Computers and Automation and People to :
[16886]1, Name My message
[16887]Address
[16888]2. Name My message :
[16889]f .
[16890]Address :
[16891]3. Name My message :
[16893]Address °
[16895]My name and address (and zip) are attached. | em a subscriber to :
[16896]Computers and Automation and People. :
[16898]13-00000
[16900]- Scientists may be free to choose their work, but they
[16903]Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions
[16905]J, P. Frankel
[16907]Dean of the Faculty
[16908]Harvey Mudd College
[16909]Crremont, Calif. 91711
[16911]“We think of knowledge as knowing how-to-do-it, wisdom as knowing whether-to-do-it,
[16912]and virtue {if the answer is yes) as doing-it:”
[16914]In this article, I mean virtue in a much narrower
[16915]sense than the theologians, and I mean erroneous con-
[16916]ceptions in a much broader sense than planners of
[16917]parenthood,
[16919]Let me first speak of virtue.
[16921]We think of knowledge as knowing how-to-do-it,
[16922]wisdom as knowing whether-to-do-it, and virtue as
[16923]doing it. In this sense, at least in the universi-
[16924]ties, we think of scientists as knowing, the human-
[16925]ists as wise, and the engineers and other techni-
[16926]cians (doctors, nurses, social workers and the like)
[16927]as‘ virtuous, that is, the do-ers,
[16929]The World is Full of Problems
[16931]Now the world is full of problems where we need to
[16932]know how to do it, whether to do it, and (if the an-
[16933]swer is yes) to do it. Each of us can make his own
[16934]list of pressing social problems: pollution, arms
[16935]Nimitation, or population growth. Fortunately we are
[16936]reasonably well supplied with scientists, humanists,
[16937]and technicians, To understand why we still have
[16938]these urgent problems, let us turn to erroneous con-
[16939]ceptions.
[16941]The erroneous conceptions I wish to deal with
[16942]here are:
[16944]That it is within the power of scientists and
[16945]engineers to choose to work only on projects
[16946]"in the public interest,” and
[16948]That the market place is where one discovers
[16949]the public interest.
[16951]Choice of Projects to Work on
[16952]Critics seem to assume that scientists and engi-
[16954]heers are free to choose their projects, and complain
[16955]that they fail to consider the real public interest.
[16957]Based on remarks delivered on Joseph C. Wilson Day, November 10,
[16958]1972, at the University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y.
[16960]have no more to say about how their discoveries are
[16961]used than Christopher Columbus did.
[16963]As for the engineers, they have more to say about
[16964]the uses of science, since they are the ones who
[16965]choose which of science's ideas will be applied, but
[16966]they in turn have almost no way, at present, of iden-
[16967]tifying the public interest, and even less in determ-
[16968]ining which products or processes should be produced
[16969]to serve it.
[16971]A Moratorium on Science?
[16973]We will return to this matter of choice, but first
[16974]let's eliminate from the list of reasonable alterna-
[16975]tives facing society, the silly and dangerous notion
[16976]of a moratorium on science,
[16978]The key notion in the moratorium idea is that if
[16979]you can’t control it, you shouldn't do it. There-
[16980]fore, we are urged, don't do any more science until
[16981](presumably) the humanists devise suitable controls.
[16982]The trouble with this kind of conceptual contracep-
[16983]tion is two-fold, In the first place, as Paul Salt-
[16984]man has pointed out eloquently, you can't forbid
[16985]knowing any more than you can forbid writing poetry.
[16986]Science can be slowed down, of course, by driving it
[16987]underground, but even if we slowed it way down, there
[16988]is no evidence that we have either knowledge or wis-
[16989]dom enough to control its application, unless we
[16990]change some of our habits.
[16992]A
[16994]ignorance and Fear Lead to Irrationality
[16996]One habit that needs correction has to do with the
[16997]thinking and feeling processes of the humanists —
[16998]the philosophers, if you will — who presumably are
[16999]to show us how to behave. Too often théy are igno-
[17000]rant or fearful of science and engineering. What one
[17001]is ignorant or fearful of, he cannot deal with in a
[17002]rational way. There is no possibility that we can
[17003]learn to control what we do by some non~rational
[17004]process, such as satori, using mystically-fashioned
[17005]playing cards, etc. Control over what we do will
[17007]13-00000
[17009]have to be done rationally. I also believe that it
[17010]will heve to be done by humanists, and that before
[17011]they can do it, we have somehow to lower, or at least
[17012]make more permeable, the barrier that separates the
[17013]Two Cultures, We will come back to this point later.
[17014]Before that, let us return to the notion that engi-
[17015]neers choose what they will work on.
[17017]The Choices of Engineers
[17019]Most engineers do not make cosmic choices. They
[17020]do not decide that this product will be built and
[17021]that one won't be. Practically all engineers, I sus-
[17022]pect, work for other engineers, who work for others,
[17023]who work in companies where the products are deter-
[17024]mined not by science or philosophy, but by market
[17025]analysis. Now market analysis has come a long way
[17026]since the days of the Edsel,’ and it often guesses
[17028]rately, although not always so, what the public
[17029]&@ interested in buying. But what the public buys is
[17030]not necessarily what it needs.
[17032]The Market-Place Guessing Game
[17034]We buy those things that are offered for sale
[17035]that are better (in some vague way) than the alter-
[17036]mpatives available to us. Except for advertising or
[17037]other ways of influencing public opinion, the basic
[17038]mechanism of the market-place is a guessing game,
[17039]Try this product, see if it sells. If it does, fig-
[17040]ure out what it was about it that sold, and push a
[17041]little harder. If this one does not sell, retrench
[17042]@ little, or gamble on another change — and so on.
[17043]Advertising and public opinion do play important
[17044]roles — how else explain so many different labels
[17045]on the same bar of soap, the same automobile? —
[17046]but the decision as to how the engineers' skills
[17047]will be used has, in the past, been largely deter-
[17048]mined by the instantaneous outcome of the market
[17049]game.
[17051]Major Civil Problems
[17053]Now please do not misunderstand me. The market-
[17054]Place mechanisms are important for determining soap
[17055]or automobile styles. I believe that criteria of
[17056]risk-and-return of investment are elements of our
[17057]decision-making processes that we could discard only
[17058]at great peril to our society. What I am saying is
[17059]that the major civil problems: pollution, poverty,
[17060]and population density, for examples, are not likely
[17062]_ to be defined by market analysis.
[17064]These problems, for which acceptable solutions
[17065]are needed, share these characteristics:
[17067]First, they cross product classification lines,
[17068]and involve more than one sector of the economy.
[17069]They are not just problems of the auto industry, or
[17070]the mining companies, or manufacturing-but-not-
[17071]service-industries — they involve al} of these.
[17073]All the skills that all these sectors employ may
[17074]have to be applied to these problems. The cement
[17075]plants in the country and the transport companies in
[17076]the city have pollution problems that differ only in
[17077]detail, To expect them to do the necessary research
[17078]and development. separately, each with his eye on his
[17079]own segment of the market, is to postpone until
[17080]much too late, if not forever, solving even the
[17081]smaller parts of our problems. The problems, so to
[17082]speak, are too big.
[17084]These Problems are Hardly Separable
[17086]In the same way, the major civil problems are not
[17087]readily separable. One can reduce the amount of air
[17089]pollution caused by internal combustion engines by
[17090]using electric autos, for example. If so, we may
[17091]replace polluted air in the cities with polluted
[17092]streams out in the country where the new massive
[17093]power plants are, Or we can replace with solar
[17094]energy the fissionable materials or fossil fuels we
[17095]now use for power; however, at least in the near
[17096]future, we would then have either much less energy
[17097]or much more costly energy, and fewer jobs and more
[17098]poverty. (Some among us tend to paint even blacker
[17099]pictures. They point out that our society gave up
[17100]slavery only when our technology developed to the
[17101]point where machines were cheaper than slaves. Is
[17102]it possible that we could deliberately reverse this
[17103]process and end up with clean air, but with slaves?)
[17105]This characteristic of tight linkage, or insep-
[17106]arability of the big problems, also suggests that
[17107]we cannot rely upon the ordinary market-place mech~
[17108]anisms to determine how we employ our technology to
[17109]solve our problems,
[17111]Very Difficutt Problems
[17113]The third characteristic of our problems ,that
[17114]forces us to reconsider the mechanisms of choice,
[17115]is that our problems are so very difficult. The
[17116]technical solutions do not exist outside of social
[17117]considerations. The social costs outweigh such us-
[17118]ual factor costs as materials, lebor, and capital,
[17119]Our cities present much tougher problems than put-
[17120]ting man on the moon. As someone smarter than but
[17121]unknown to me, has said, "We couldn't have put a
[17122]man on the moon if the moon had been inhabited". -
[17124]World-wide and Nation-wide Problems
[17126]All these characteristics, and others that I've
[17127]left out, such as geographical diversity — some
[17128]problems are not local, nor even regional or nation-
[17129]al, but world-wide — suggest that the organizations
[17130]needed for these new problem-solving teams differ
[17131]considerably from those of even our biggest, most
[17133]diversified companies, or else that we need some
[17135]super-industrial team of coordinators, who are to be
[17136]responsive not to the elements of the market-place,
[17137]but rather to the public interest, Whether that
[17138]public is regional, or national or world-wide, some-
[17139]one who has thought this problem further through
[17140]Must tell. My own thoughts, tempered by a certain
[17141]sourly pragmatic view of the interactions of vari-
[17142]ous national governments, suggests that the approach
[17143]most likely to succeed in the near future is the na-
[17144]tional one,
[17146]The National Science Policy and Priorities Act
[17148]The essentials of a first step in a national plan
[17149]are contained in the National Science Policy and
[17150]Priorities Act, which, among other things, sets up
[17151]procedures for contracting out to universities, com-
[17152]panies and other organizations, the research and de-
[17153]velopment necessary for solution of the major civil
[17154]problems, including the design of civil science sys-
[17155]tems, Whether an agency like NASA should be set up,
[17156]as the Act says, or whether an existing agency
[17157]should supervise new programs, is a matter of de-
[17158]bate, The importance to our discussion is that some
[17159]federal funding agency, not the various product
[17160]market-places, should establish the priorities and
[17161]fund the solutions to our civil problems.
[17163]As you see, this bill or Act or plan makes a
[17164]first approach to nationalizing the solution to na-
[17166]tianal nerahiome Ab than mnmn elfen Fe wet diene 34--1
[17168]13-00000
[17170]collections of scientific, humanistic and engineer-
[17171]ing talent, that either already exist in the aero-
[17172]space companies, universities and think tanks, or
[17173]can be collected there. In essence, this bill
[17174]solves one aspect of the problem. It replaces small
[17175]or local or single-commodity market-places with a
[17176]national market-place based on national needs. I
[17177]suspect that the new agency will find that big aero-
[17178]space companies usually do not have the necessary
[17179]mix of talents, although they probably do have the
[17180]necessary organization. The universities, on the
[17181]other hand, probably do have the necessary mix of
[17182]talents, but probably do not have the proper organ-
[17183]ization. It seems, however, to be a logical first
[17184]‘step, and the sooner the bill becomes law, the
[17185]sooner we can begin to solve our problems.
[17187]International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis
[17189]An example of the international approach is the
[17190]recently established International Institute of Ap-
[17191]pl¥@i-Systems Analysis in Vienna as a joint venture
[17192]of our National Academy of Sciences and the Soviet
[17193]Academy, among others. Since they will operate on
[17194]about three-and-a-half million dollars a year (the
[17195]Civil Science part of the National Science Policy
[17196]and Priorities Act allots an average of 270 million
[17197]per year for three years) it is unreasonable to ex-
[17198]pect anything more than papers for publication to
[17199]come out of Vienna. The international effort will
[17200]result in more knowledge and wisdom; on the pro-
[17201]posed national budget we could become virtuous as
[17202]well,
[17204]In Order to be Virtuous
[17205]One Must be Wise and Knowing
[17207]One final caution. I hope you have not heard
[17208]me suggest that only scientists and engineers are
[17209]capable of leading us out of the thicket of diffi-
[17210]culties we are in, I am not advocating technocracy,
[17211]that totalitarian philosophy which says that only
[17212]engineers can lead us. I do not believe that tor
[17213]one moment, nor does anyone who knows enough engi-
[17214]neers and scientists, There is no reason to believe
[17215]that they, as a class, are any more capable of
[17216]leading our people than, say, the lawyers.
[17218]I would rather that you heard me say that no
[17219]longer is it virtue merely to do it, but rather
[17220]that in order to be virtuous one must also be wise
[17221]and also knowing. .
[17223]Our Leaders Must Se Part Scientist,
[17224]Part Humanist, and Part Engineer
[17226]We will need new kinds of agencies and organiza-
[17227]tions to define "the public interest" and to find
[17228]ways of organizing the talents that may solve some
[17229]of our problems, But organizations — universities
[17230]and corporations and public agencies — are built by
[17231]people, led by other people. So our leaders must be
[17232]part scientist, part humanist, and part engineer,
[17233]and they must use what they have, not in response to
[17234]some particular market-place, but in the true public
[17235]interest. Not nearly enough people will be born
[17236]with these characteristics. They will have to be
[17237]educated.
[17239]If this sounds like a very tall order to put to
[17240]an education system — it is. .
[17242]But we should be encouraged to redesign our edu-
[17243]cation systems to help produce such people, not only
[17244]because we have to (God knows we do) if mankind is
[17246]too survive — but also because we know it is pos-
[17249]NUMBLES
[17251]Neil Macdonald
[17252]Assistant Editor
[17253]Computers and Automation
[17255]A “numble” is an arithmetical problem in which: digits
[17256]have been replaced by capital letters; and there are two
[17257]messages, one which can be read right away and a second
[17258]one in the digit cipher. The problem is to solve for the
[17259]digits.
[17261]Each capital letter in the arithmetical problem stands for
[17262]just one digit 0 to 9. A digit may be represented by more
[17263]than one letter. The second message, which is expressed in.
[17264]numerical digits, is to be translated (using the same key)
[17265]into letters so that it may be read; but the spelling uses
[17266]puns or is otherwise irregular, to discourage cry ptanalytic
[17267]methods of deciphering. .
[17269]We invite our readers to send us solutions, together with
[17270]human programs or computer programs which will preduce
[17271]the solutions.
[17273]NUMBLE 7311
[17276]x GIVE
[17277]YLUYIT
[17278]YoTRUO
[17279]EUEUUE
[17280]TYCUOR
[17281]=CTUIOUOVT
[17283]GV =CU
[17285]327897972
[17287]Solution to Numble 7310
[17289]In Numble 7310 in the October issue, the digits O
[17290]through 9 are represented by letters as follows:
[17292]O=0 WH5
[17294]b=4 P=
[17296]E=2 Te?
[17300]H=4 A=9
[17301]7
[17303]The message is: Eat what is ripe.
[17305]Our thanks to the following individuals for submitting
[17306]their solutions — to Numble 7310: Edward A. Bruno, N.
[17307]Bergen, NJ. — to Numble 739: Edward A. Bruno, N. Ber-
[17308]gen, N.J.; T. P. Finn, Indianapolis, Ind. — to Numble 738:
[17309]Nihan Lloyd-Thurston, S. Nutfield, Surrey, England.
[17311]13-00000
[17313]Nixon and the Mafia — Conclusion
[17315]Jeff Gerth
[17317]Contributing Editor
[17318]SunDance Magazine
[17320]1913 Fillmore St.
[17322]San Francisco, Calif. $4115
[17324]fe “Organized crime will put a man in the White House someday, and he won't
[17325]—_— re : even know it until they hand him the bill.”
[17327]Part 1 of "Nixon and the Mafia" was published in
[17328]the September issue of “Computers and Automation";
[17329]Part 2, in the October issue. Part 3 begins here
[17331]with further information about the relation of
[17332]4 President-to-be Richard M. Nixon with shady trans-
[17333]actions in the Bahamas.
[17335]Shakeup in the Bahamas
[17337]By the middle Sixties there was a storm brewing.
[17338]Internal friction had forced out a few people like
[17339]Lou Chesler, while a wave of public investigations
[17340]were blaring the role of underworld figures like
[17341]Meyer Lansky. The 1967 Royal Commission of Inquiry
[17342]also dredged up another familiar name — Richard
[17343]Nixon.
[17345]Testimony before the Royal Commission by Max
[17346]- Courteney, a Lansky lieutenant, detailed a long
[17347]bookmaking career and brought out the names of a
[17348]large clientele, including the then ex-Vice Presi-
[17349]dent Richard Nixon.
[17351]Mary Carter Paint
[17353]The Royal Commission also bared a deal which im-
[17354]plicated Richard Nixon far more deeply than passing
[17355]mention by an underground bookie.
[17357]In 1967 Lyndon Pindling became the first black
[17358]premier ever to serve the almost one hundred percent
[17359]black citizenry of the island. Pindling was hardly
[17360]@ revolutionary, however, for among the people in-
[17361]Strumental in putting him in office was a gambler
[17362]close to Lansky named Mike McLaney. The Royal Com-
[17363]mission branded McLaney a “thoroughly dangerous per-
[17364]son" and accused him of maneuvering Pindling into at
[17365]least one deal involving a questionable gambling
[17366]concession.
[17368]Part of the post-election controversy was a com.
[17369]pany based in Tampa which bore the innocuous name of
[17370]“Mary Carter Paint Company”. .
[17372]In 1965 Lansky's front-man (and former Key Bis-
[17373]cayne landowner) Wallace Groves, filed a joint ap-
[17374]plication with the Mary Carter Company to open a
[17376]Reprinted with permission fram SunDance Magazine, November-December,
[17377]1972, Volume 1, Number 3, published by and copyright by Running Dog,
[17378]inc., 1913 Fillmore St., San Francisco, Calif, 94115
[17380]~ Ralph Salerno
[17382]casino on Paradise Island in the Bahamas. The ubig-
[17383]uitous Sir Stafford Sands handled the legalities.
[17384]Knowledgeable observers looked for the mystery man,
[17385]and a Justice Department memo, dated January 18,
[17386]1966, predicted that “the atmosphere seems ripe for
[17387]a Lansky skim".
[17389]After Pindling's election, Groves was forced out
[17390]and the Mary Carter Paint Company had itself two new
[17391]casinos. At the 1967 opening of one of them — the
[17392]Nassau Bay Club — the honored guest was Richard
[17393]Nixon.
[17395]The following year — 1968 — the othe. Mary Car-
[17396]ter Club, the Paradise Island Casino, opened for
[17397]business. The owners felt close enough to Nixon to
[17398]offer him use of their facilities during the 1968
[17399]Republican Convention. Nixon felt more comfortable
[17400]at Key Biscayne, but some of his staff took up the
[17401]offer. ,
[17403]Mary Carter Becomes Resorts International
[17405]In 1969 Mary Carter — now called Resorts Inter-
[17406]national — reluctantly "released" one Dino Cellini,
[17407]claiming that while he “had a relatively unsavory
[17408]background, he had no criminal record, no criminal
[17409]associates". Cellini hopped across the water to
[17410]Miami, where, according to Dade County Sheriff In-
[17411]telligence Reports, he continued to work in conjunc~
[17412]tion with Paradise Island Casino. The reports al-
[17413]lege that Cellini was an almost daily visitor to Re-
[17414]sorts International's Miami office, where he checked
[17415]eredits and worked with a company booking junkets to
[17416]the Paradise Island Casino.
[17418]There are those who maintain that Cellini's con-
[17419]nections with Resorts International symbolize the
[17420]influence of Lansky. In a 197) editorial, the Las
[17421]Vegas Sun concluded an eleven part series on organ-
[17422]ized crime — some of which centered on Resorts In-
[17423]ternational -- by charging that "however cloaked and
[17424]cleverly concealed by the guardians, gambling in the
[17425]Bahamas is controlled by Meyer Lansky and it has
[17426]been established in police intelligence reports that
[17427]the fee is fifteen percent of the gross income”. The
[17428]now defunct Toronto Telegram reported in 1970 that
[17429]“observers believe that the resourceful Lansky is
[17430]still managing to get his cut from the Bahamas".
[17432]Resorts International, through its ninety-one
[17433]percent owned subsidiary, Intertel, has denied al]
[17434]allegations of involvement with organized crime. It
[17436]13-00000
[17438]was Intertel that ITT hired in 1972 to snoop on col-
[17439]‘umnist Jack Anderson.
[17441]The latest and possibly most damaging charge in
[17442]the Resorts International battle came in June 1972
[17443]in an IRS inspired indictment of Meyer Lansky and
[17445]-Pino Cellini. The indictment reads in part:
[17447]On or about May 17, 1968, unindicted co-conspira-
[17448]tor Vincent Teresa met with defendants Meyer Lan-
[17449]sky and Dino Cellini in Miami and had a discus-
[17450]sion wherein defendants Lansky and Cellini gave
[17451]Teresa permission to conduct gambling junkets to
[17452]the Paradise Island Casino.
[17454]Thus government agents allege that in 1968 Lan-
[17455]sky maintained at least some control in running jun-
[17456]kets to Resorts International's Paradise Island Cas-
[17457]ino. The junket racket is an integral part of the
[17458]casino operation, and as recently as 1971 Lansky's
[17459]e@kert Eddie Cellini was reportedly still arranging
[17460]junkets for the Paradise Island Casino.
[17462]Enter Nixon and Rebozo
[17464]It was in 1967 — with Lansky still okaying jun-
[17465]kets and Cellini still running the Paradise Island
[17466]Casino — that Richard Nixon and Bebe Rebozo became
[17467]friends with the head of Resorts International.
[17469]It should be no surprise that James Golden, the
[17470]recently (1969) hired "deputy director of security”
[17471]for Resorts International is a good friend of Nix-
[17472]on's. As a Secret Service guard for Nixon when he
[17473]was Vice President, Golden made a good enough im-
[17474]pression to be appointed staff security chief for
[17475]Nixon in 1968. Golden was also security director
[17476]of Nixon's convention headquarters in Miami that
[17477]year, and was security director for his subsequent
[17478]inauguration. Later that year he moved to Resorts
[17479]International. Golden is just one of along string
[17480]of interesting Nixon security appointees, among
[17481]them Watergate indictees James McCord, Gordon Liddy,
[17482]and Howard Hunt.
[17484]There are rumors, some of which have been aired
[17485]in the press, that Richard Nixon owns stock in Re-
[17486]sorts International. Former Republican Presidential
[17487]candidate Thomas E. Dewey does own stock in the com-
[17488]pany, and, according to organized crime investigator
[17489]Hank Messick among others, there are reports of Lan-
[17490]sky buying stock as well. Nobody has proved any-
[17491]thing one way or another about the stock connec-
[17492]tions, but that Nixon is connected to Resorts Inter-
[17493]Mational, at least through Golden, is indisputable.
[17495]Perhaps more disquieting than rumors of Nixon
[17496]stock ownership in an underworld holding company for
[17497]Bahamian casinos are the reports of his meddling in
[17498]Bahamian affairs. In 1969 a proposed tax increase
[17499]on gambling profits to provide money for Bahamian
[17500]schools was slashed in half by the Minister of Fi-
[17501]mance. The Minister refused to explain the cut,
[17502]and told opposition members to “use your imagina-
[17503]tion” for an explanation.
[17505]The advice was taken literally by some Bahamian
[17506]papers who speculated that pressure came from “out-
[17507]side sources connected with casinos". One Bahamian
[17508]Paper asked openly if "a telephone call from the
[17509]White House was not responsible?"
[17511]Whereas our investigation into Cuban politics
[17512]brought evidence to light possible violations of the
[17513]Neutrality Act, we now have the possibility of an
[17514]American President who has spent e significant
[17515]amount of his vacation time in the Bahamas also med-
[17516]dling in the affairs of that country.
[17518]Richard Nixon, a man with both visible and invis-
[17519]ible links to the underworld and politics of pre-
[17520]Castro Cuba, turns up in the Bahamas with very simi-
[17521]lar links, bringing some big names along with him.
[17523]Enter William Rogers
[17525]Two men with histories both in Bahamian politics
[17526]and in the finances of organized crime have made
[17527]frequent use of the legal services of a firm whose
[17528]most prominent partner is Richard Nixon's old friend
[17529]William P. Rogers, one-time Secretary of State.
[17531]The two men are Mike McLaney, charged by the
[17532]Royal Commission in 1967, and a business cohort of
[17533]his named William Colusardo. McLaney and Colusardo
[17534]were investigated in 1967 by the Securities and Ex-
[17535]change Commission in connection with a blueberry
[17536]plantation that McLaney sold to a company controlled
[17537]by Colusardo. The subsequent corporate jugglings
[17538]implicated (among others) newly elected Bahamian
[17539]Premier Lyndon Pindling. Among Colusardo's "favors"
[17540]for Pindling were the use of his airplane during the
[17541]election campaign, and a $127,000 contribution in
[17542]the form of an "interest payment". The law firm
[17543]that defended McLaney and Colusardo against the SEC
[17544]was that of William P. Rogers. ‘Rogers had been a
[17545]close friend and political associate of Nixon's for
[17546]twenty-five years. He accompanied Nixon on many of
[17547]his Bahamian jaunts and also made frequent stops
[17548]with him at the Key Biscayne Inn and Villas. In ad-
[17549]dition to being an "R & R" sidekick, Rogers was the
[17550]man Nixon turned to for counsel amidst his personal
[17551]crises in the Checkers affair and Eisenhower's seri-
[17552]ous heart attack.
[17554]Rogers served the Eisenhower/Nixon team for eight
[17555]years in the Department of Justice, first as Deputy
[17556]Attorney General, and then, by 1957, as Attorney
[17557]General. The Justice Department's record against
[17558]organized crime in the years following the Kefauver
[17559]Commission was lackluster, to say the least. It was
[17560]Rogers who personally rejected the recommendations
[17561]of the specially constituted Wessell Committee on
[17562]organized crime set up in the wake of the infamous
[17563]Appalachian raid in upstate New York that revealed
[17564]a Mafia summit conference. The Committee's propos-
[17565]als for a concentrated and coordinated war on or-
[17566]ganized crime were only implemented some years later
[17567]by Attorney General Robert Kennedy.
[17569]A footnote in the Justice Department files was a
[17570]report by IRS Special Agent Josph Delfine, dated Oc-
[17571]tober 19, 1953. The IRS recommended to the Justice
[17572]Department that "criminal proceedings be instituted
[17573]against Meyer Lansky in the Southern Judicial Dis-
[17574]trict of New York for the willful attempt to defeat
[17575]and evade a large portion of his income taxes for
[17576]the years 1945 and 1947 under section 145b of the
[17577]Internal Revenue Code". The Justice Department —
[17578]with William Rogers second in command at the time —
[17579]respectfully declined to prosecute.
[17581]Lums Hot Dogs
[17583]Upon leaving his post as Attorney General in
[17584]1960, Rogers became a member of the New York firm of
[17585]Royal, Koegel and Wells. In 1969, with its leading
[17586]partner about to become Secretary of State, Royal,
[17587]etc, moved with its clients wholeheartedly into the
[17588]world of gambling casinos and organized crime.
[17590]A year later Royal took on the account of the
[17591]Miami-based hot dog chain, Lums Inc. What did a hot
[17592]dog chain have to offer a prestigious New York law
[17593]firm? The answer may lie in where the firm took its
[17594]client.
[17596]2
[17598]13-00000
[17600]Py
[17602]In 1969 Lums purchased the Ceasar's Palace Hote!
[17603]and Casino in Las Vegas for $60,000,000. A month
[17604]later the Nevada state gambling authorities were
[17605]looking into the hotels’ “catering to twelve under-
[17606]world figures from Kansas City”.
[17608]A few months after the purchese the SEC filed
[17609]suit charging Lums and Ceasar's Palace with "false
[17610]and misleading” statements. The SEC wondered how
[17611]Ceasar's managed to lose $1,000,000 in five months
[17612]when the previous year (before Lums bought in) there
[17613]was a $2,200,000 profit for a comparable time period.
[17615]The SEC also questioned Lums concerning the
[17616]$3,500,000 Lums paid one Jerome Zarowitz, aconvicted
[17617]professional sports fixer who wasn't even listed as
[17618].an owner of the casino. Top officials in both Cea~
[17619]sar's and Lums have been under investigation by IRS
[17620]intelligence in Miami and by Nevada gaming authori-
[17622]ykes in cases involving organized crime ever since
[17623]Rogers’ firm took on the Lums account.
[17625]There is also the question of the 1971 Lums ac-
[17626]quisition of a North Miami housing resort develop-
[17627]ment called Sky Lakes. Both Sky Lakes and Ceasar's
[17628]Palace have received large sums of money from the
[17629]Teamsters — $12,000,000 for the Miami project and
[17630]more than $16,000,000 for Ceasar's Palace.
[17632]With things going slowly, Lums announced plans
[17633]for a new $22,000,000 casino next door to Ceasar's
[17634]Palace. In December of 1971 the company decided
[17635]that the whole restaurant idea was no longer worth
[17636]the trouble. In a classic climax to a classic Amer-
[17637]ican success they changed their name to Ceasar's
[17638]World Inc. and sold their hot dog stands.
[17640]Meanwhile the Secretary of State's old law firm
[17641]reaped a bundle with their new-found involvement in
[17642]the Las Vegas underworld. With such stunning suc-
[17643]cesses at home, one wonders what a firm with a link
[17644]to the Secretary of State could do abroad, in places
[17645]like the Bahamas ovr Vietnam, for example.
[17647]Nor do the underworld implications of big names
[17648]surrounding Nixon end with the Secretary of State.
[17649]Murray Chotiner, a long-time Nixon aide and archi-
[17650]tect of his early smear campaigns, has past links to
[17651]the underworld. In 1962 Drew Pearson and Jack An-
[17652]derson wrote that “Chotiner ... besides representing
[17653]the top gangster of Philadelphia, Marco Reginelli,
[17654]represented a long and amazing list of hoods, con-
[17655]cession peddlers, income tax violators and others
[17656]needing influence in high places ..." It was Chot-
[17657]iner who brought Frank Vitale, “once involved in
[17658]the biggest bootlegging conspiracy on the West
[17659]Coast," onto Nixon's special plane to Moscow in 1959,
[17661]Nixon's recent appointment of Walter Annenberg as
[17662]Ambassador to England also echoes the themes of un-
[17663]derworld involvement. Annenberg and his father were
[17664]indicted in 1939 for "aiding and abetting” in con-
[17665]nection with their wire service operation inChicago,
[17666]an operation run with the protection of Al Capone,
[17667]for which the Annenbergs paid $1,000,000. The An-
[17668]nenberg family wag also a major contributor to Nix-
[17669]on's 1966 election campaign.
[17671]Further back in the Nixon saga, and closer to his
[17672]southern California birthplace, lies San Diego fin-
[17673]ancier, C. Arnholdt Smith and his bookmaker partner
[17674]John Alessio. In 1946 Alessio and Smith introduced
[17675]Nixon to another bookmaker named Lew Lipinsky. Lip-
[17676]insky, who was convicted for bookmaking in 1938,
[17677]served for three decades as a go-between for the
[17678]Smith/Alessio interests to their syndicate connec-
[17679]tions.
[17681]Some of the dealings of the Smith/Alessio combine
[17682]were brought to national prominence by a recent LIFE
[17683]magazine article which accused Attorney General
[17684]Richard Kleindienst of “tampering with justice” in a
[17685]case involving Alessio, According to the Wall Street
[17686]Journal, Smith raised $1,000,000 for Nixon's 1968
[17687]campaign. He and his wife took the first position
[17688]on the receiving line behind the President at the
[17689]White House inauguration.
[17691]More of the Same in California
[17693]Nixon's other favorite resting place besides Key
[17694]Biscayne is the area near his birthplace in southern
[17695]California. Here the underworld pattern of his
[17696]Florida involvements repeats itself — in a strik-
[17697]ingly similar pattern.
[17699]One story there involves Nixon's multi-million-
[17700]aire backer, C. Arnholdt Smith, and the Del Charro
[17701]Hotel in La Jolla, just north of San Diego.
[17703]The Del Charro was a favorite stopover for Nixon
[17704]in the Fifties. Owned by the Murchison brothers,
[17705]who also owned the nearby Del Mar race track, the
[17706]hotel played host to numerous Detroit and Las Vegas
[17707]gangsters. Alan Witwer, a former. manager of the
[17708]hotel, has alleged in statements to this repofter and
[17710]“others that the hotel served as a secret meeting
[17712]place for politicians and assorted business inter-
[17713]ests, some of them from the underworld. Witwer spe-
[17714]cifically cited a 1954 meeting attended by Nixon and
[17715]chaired by a leading member of ITT. He also claimed
[17716]that there was a bookmaking operation at the hotel,
[17718]but has offered no documented proof.
[17720]Mrs. C. Arnholdt Smith is a permanent resident of
[17721]the Del Charro, and the hotel's visitors have in-
[17722]cluded John Connally, Barry Goldwater, and J. Edgar
[17723]Hoover. Hoover's $15,000-a~year bills were picked
[17724]up by the stockholders of the Murchison interests.
[17726]The fact that certain of Hoover's good friends
[17727]rubbed elbows, rather warmly, with Meyer Lansky, and
[17728]the fact that the nation's leading crime fighting
[17729]agency — the FBI — has come up almost blank in its
[17730]fight against organized crime may not prove anything
[17731]about Hoover. On the other hand, these facts don't
[17732]make it any easier to dismiss questions which might
[17733]arise about the influence of organized crime at the
[17734]highest levels of government.
[17736]North of the Del Charro and thirty miles sovth of
[17737]the San Clemente White House, lies the mammoth La
[17738]Costa land resort development. The development is
[17739]tied to both Smith (his daughter is a director) and
[17740]to the Teamsters.
[17742]LaCosta was originally developed by Cleveland
[17743]Syndicate reliables Allard Roen and Moe Dalitz. The
[17744]development was reorganized in 1968 to bring Team-
[17745]ster control more in line with their investments,
[17746]which already exceeded $18,000,000. Like Sky Lakes,
[17747]its Florida counterpart, La Gosta attracts a whole
[17748]range of figures from organized crime. La Costa
[17749]visitors have included Willie "Ice Pick” Alderman,
[17751]a St. Louis mob cohort Morris Shenker, and Wallace
[17752]Groves and Lou Chesler of Bahamas fame.
[17754]According to eyewitnesses, when Groves’ helicop-
[17755]ter sets down, the red carpet is rolled out. It may
[17756]be because Groves bought a home in La Costa, but
[17757]more likely it's because, as government agents put
[17758]it, “where Groves appears, Meyer Lansky will not be
[17759]far behind”.
[17761]Another mob frequenter of the La Costa develop-
[17762]ment is Jake Arvey, an organizer of the Republic
[17764].
[17766]13-00000
[17768]Nationa} Bank in Miami, the bank through which Ber-
[17769]nard Barker channeled funds for the Watergate crime.
[17771]The Teamsters Again
[17773]A recent visitor to La Costa was Frank Fitzsim-
[17774]mons, a key to Nixon’s new-found support in organ-
[17775]ized labor. Fitzsimmons is president of tne Team-
[17776]sters Union. This summer he stopped in La Costa on
[17777]his way to see Nixon at San Clemente. Fitzsimmons
[17778]had just come from dinner in Detroit with a local
[17780]Mafia figure and soon after his Detroit-La Costa-San —
[17782]Clemente excursion, Fitzsimmons announced his sup-
[17783]port for Nixon. One wonders whether the Teamster
[17784]decision to stay on the Pay Board and to support
[17785]Nixon is somehow related to what the Detroit Free
[17786]Press has been hinting strongly as of late: that the
[17787]administration has stopped prosecution of Frank's
[17788]son Richard Fitzsimmons — the business partner of a
[17789]Detroit mobster — on charges of missing union funds,
[17790]if™fSichange for Teamster support of the Republican
[17791]President.
[17793]Whatever deals Nixon and Fitzsimmons did make,
[17794]the Teamsters have a long working relationship with
[17795]organized crime. Their marriage goes back over
[17796]twenty years, where Jimmy Hoffa was introduced to
[17797]the Detroit underworld by Paul Dorfman, in exchange
[17798]for some multi-million dollar insurance business.
[17799]Dorfman's son, Paul, has residences at both Sky
[17800]Lakes and La Costa and was recently convicted of
[17801]teking kickbacks on a Teamster loan.
[17803]The Teamster tradition of labor racketeering and
[17804]corruption made for a ready alliance with the mob.
[17805]Early government investigations of the Teamsters,
[17806]such as the Bobby Kennedy-led McClellan Permanent
[17807]Committee on Investigations, centered on labor rac-
[17808]keteering. As Attorney General, Kennedy continued
[17809]his pursuit of the Teamsters and their boss, Jimmy
[17810]Hoffa. At one point Kennedy had twenty-nine grand
[17811]juries simultaneously investigating Hoffa's activity
[17812]— one of which led to a conviction for mail fraud
[17813]and jury tampering. .
[17815]-In 1969, two Oakland Tribune reporters concluded
[17816]a six-month investigation with the charge that "the
[17817]$628 ,000,000 Teamsters Central States, Southeast and
[17818]Southwest Pension Fund headquartered in Chicago, has
[17819]become a bankroll for some of America's most sinis-
[17820]ter underground figure",
[17822]Nowhere does the relationship between this fund
[17823]and the mob surface more dramatically than in Las
[17824]Vegas, where Teamster trustees have approved loans
[17825]between $50 and $70,000,000, some shakily secured by
[17826]second mortgages and subordinated notes. A high-
[17827]ranking Federal official has commented that "the
[17828]Teamster fund is a sort of open bank to people well-
[17829]Connected in Las Vegas and well-connected to organ-
[17830]ized crime”,
[17832]It was Hoffa's desire “to have [his] own bank in
[17833]every city” that brought on the Teamster takeover of
[17834]the Miami National Bank. The Bank in turn is just
[17835]one of a long list of ventures, suchas Ceasar's Pal-
[17836]ace, Sky Lakes, La Costa, Worldwide Realty, Interna-
[17837]tional Airport Hotel Systems, Truesdale Estates, in
[17838]which Teamster money amounting to over $60,000,000
[17839]figures prominently alongside the social and busi-
[17840]ness partners of Richard M. Nixon — a line of in-
[17841]vestments that leads from Nixon's three White Houses
[17842]to a Federal clemency for Jimmy Hoffa and back to
[17844]- organized crime.
[17846]The current head of the Justice Department's
[17847]Criminal Division saw enough evidence in 1967 to say
[17849]that he "knew for a moral certainty [that] in the
[17850]upper echelons there is an amalgamation between the
[17851]Cosa Nostra and the Teamsters Union". In 1971, when
[17852]a Federal Grand Jury probing the activities of Meyer
[17853]Lansky questioned Jimmy Hoffa, many wondered whether
[17854]the links between the two giants were more direct
[17855]than the numerous transactions between mutual
[17856]friends.
[17858]A few months after his testimony, Hoffa was
[17859]granted clemency after serving less than five years
[17860]of his thirteen-year sentence. The freeing of Hoffa
[17861]and three co-defendents of the 1963 wire fraud pen-
[17862]sion case is the latest and most crucial event in
[17863]Nixon's longstanding friendship, a friendship with
[17864]some clear public benefits fur both. Jack Anderson
[17865]documents, for example, that as early as 1960, then
[17866]Vice-President Nixon and Attorney General Rogers in-
[17867]tervened to halt an indictment against Hoffa in ex-
[17868]change for Hoffa's support in the 1960 election.
[17870]ANICO — More of the Same in Texas
[17872]In recent years the Teamster fund has been super-
[17873]seded by a giant Texas insurance company as a major
[17874]source of finance for Las Vegas .casinos tied to the
[17875]mob. The company is the American National Insurance
[17876]Company (ANICO) of Galveston, Texas. ANICO is close
[17877]to the heart and pocketbook of the two ranking Tex~
[17878]ans in the Nixon administration — former Treasury
[17879]Secretary John Connally and former Assistant Attor-
[17880]ney General Will Wilson.
[17882]As well as floating more than $40,000,000 to Las
[17883]Vegas casinos and $13,000,000 to premier mob attor-
[17884]ney Morris Shanker, ANICO has made loans to two
[17885]Florida companies close to Richard Nixon —
[17886]$1,750,000 in 1966 to the Mary Carter Paint Gompany,
[17887]and $3,000,000 in 1970 to a subsidiary of Worldwide
[17888]Realty. ‘
[17890]That year a group of disenchanted stockholders
[17891]filed a multi-million-dollar suit, charging ANICO
[17892]officials with having taken control of the company
[17893]and using it as a private preserve as well as a
[17894]source of funds for the mob. -
[17896]The defendants in the suit hired Nixon's New York
[17897]firm to handle the case. Connally's Houston law
[17898]firm has also been used by ANICO. The First Na-
[17899]tional Bank of Houston, ofwhich Connally was a di-
[17900]rector and in which some of his law partners were
[17901]officers, has provided-an interest-free account of
[17902]more than $1,000,000 for ANICO. Connally was also
[17903]a director of a savings association which was pur-
[17904]chased recently by ANICO.
[17906]Will Wilson was “general” of the Justice Depart-
[17907]ment's “war" on crime from 1969-1971. He was head
[17908]of the Criminal Division until October 1971, when
[17909]his resignation was forced by disclosures tying him
[17910]to the scandal-rocked financial empire of Texas
[17911]wheeler-dealer Frank Sharp. Wiidson has been charged
[17912]by dissident ANICO stockholders of helping to drag
[17913]ANICO into the twilight zones of finance with such
[17914]deals as the 1963 absorption of a defaulted $450,000
[17915]mortgage held by Sharp. Sharp's attorney and "finan-
[17916]cial advisor" on the deal was Will Wilson.
[17918],
[17920]While Attorney General of Texas, Wilson sued the
[17921]foundation which controlled ANICO to bring three new
[17922]trustees onto the foundation's board of directors.
[17923]Wilson has no visible ties to the new trustees,
[17924]whose votes were instrumental in shaping the com-
[17925]pany's new financial course. But dissident stock-
[17926]holders have charged that the “negotiations” that
[17930]13-00000
[17932]' brought on the shift of control in the foundations
[17934]were handled by a Galveston law firm linked to the
[17935]mob. The stockholders also claim that John Connally
[17936]played a role in these negotiations, albeit a “back-
[17937]stage" role. The ANICO case is part of a long his-
[17938]tory of Wilson's involvement with the Galveston un-
[17939]derworld.
[17941]When he came to the Justice Department in Wash-
[17942]ington, Wilson discovered the organized crime divi-
[17943]sion looking into the affairs of ANICO. Since then
[17944]there have been no indictments in the case and there
[17945]are reports that Wilson had the ANICO files locked
[17946]safely in his personal office. One source of those
[17947]reports is Stewart Hopps, a former Justice Depart-
[17948]ment investigator.
[17950]Some serious conflict-of-interest charges con-
[17951]cerning ANICO remain:
[17953]ts
[17955]age®- The officers of ANICO who were later represented
[17957]by Nixon's law firm, made a loan to a company
[17959]whose top officers are long-time friends of Nixon.
[17961]@ The criminal division of the Justice Department
[17962]has been headed by a man with direct Links in a
[17963]company the division is supposedly investigating.
[17965]® The company also has clear ties to Nixon's former
[17966]Treasury Secretary, a man mentioned for the Vice-
[17967]Presidency, the national chairman of Democrats
[17968]for Nixon, and a key figure in the President's
[17969]re-election scheme.
[17971]Whose Justice Department?
[17973]The ANICO case takes us to a fitting endpoint to
[17974]the story of Richard Nixon's involvement with the
[17975]underworld — the Department of Justice. It is an
[17976]old saw that criminal and criminal-chaser eventually
[17977]become involved in the same business, but in Richard
[17978]Nixon that old saw has become more of a reality than
[17979]perhaps ever before in American history. For Rich-
[17980]ard Nixon is a man whose name has been synonymous
[17981]with “law and order" in America for three decades.
[17983]Yet the four-year "war" on organized crime by the
[17984]Nixon administration bears more resemblance to the
[17985]“peace” in Vietnam than a sincere effort to get at
[17986]the mob.
[17988]In a recent interview in U.S. News and World Re-
[17989]port (September 11, 1972), Attorney General Richard
[17990]Kleindienst hailed “about 1600" indictments of un-
[17991]derworld figures brought by the Nixon administration
[17992]in the past three and half years. The Justice De-
[17993]partment claims that many of these indictments in-
[17994]volve top mobsters.
[17996]Those outside the Nixon administration, however,
[17997]have charged that the government's prosecution has
[17998]been both partisan and selective, aimed exclusively
[17999]at mobsters linked to big-city Democrats such as in
[18000]Newark, and at the “little fish" who are always in
[18001]abundance and who make little difference in conduct-
[18002]ing mob business. Time has reported that quotas
[18003]have been established (i.e. one hundred hoodlums a
[18004]month for New York City) and that arrests are "being
[18005]delayed so that future quotas can be filled", The
[18006]New York Times has editorialized about the ease with
[18007]which petty gamblers can and have*been rounded up,
[18008]and wondered aloud if the Justice Department isn't
[18009]conducting more a publicity war than one on organ-
[18010]ized crime. A Times report this year found the gov-
[18011]ernment was building up a backlog of gambling in-
[18012]dictments, saving them for a crucial time during the
[18013]election campaign. :
[18015]Indeed, while the Nixon-Agnew-Mitchell team has
[18016]used the spectre of "CRIME" to keep the fear level
[18017]high and to guarantee large budgets and expanded
[18018]powers for their Justice Department, the actual “at-
[18019]tempts" of the Nixon administration to cope with or-
[18020]ganized crime have resembled a somewhat sinister up-
[18021]date of the Keystone Cops.
[18023]For example, up to 1,000 of Kleindienst's vaunted
[18024]1600 indictees in gambling and organized crime may
[18025]have their cases thrown out for somewhat dubious
[18026]“improper procedures" technicalities. A Miami at-
[18027]torney named James Hogan has "discovered" irregular-
[18028]ities on signatures required for electronic surveil-
[18029]lance authorizations. Court-approved wiretaps re-
[18030]quire written authorization by the Attorney General
[18031]of a designated representative, in this case Will
[18032]Wilson. Instead of being signed by John Mitchell or
[18033]by Wilson, the authorizations in question were
[18034]signed by aides, thus rendering thousands of wiretap
[18035]authorizations — and the indictments based on them
[18036]— useless.
[18038]Hogan himself is a long-time syndicate attorney
[18039]and a partner of Ben Cohen, a former political boss
[18040]of Miami Beach who figures prominently in the For-
[18041]ties' takeover of Miami by organized crime. The
[18042]case in which Hogan made his discovery involved the
[18043]busting of the largest heroin/cocaine ring én Miami,
[18044]many of whose members were Cuban refugees. Inspec-
[18045]tion of various court papers, including wiretap
[18046]authorizations, confirmed “irregularities” in the
[18047]Signature — Will Wilson's signature. While resem-
[18048]bling his actual handwriting, the signatures ap-
[18049]peared as "Wil" instead of "Will".
[18051]While it may seem strange for an aide to misspell
[18052]his boss’ name, it seems even stranger that Hogan
[18053]took the case. His normal fees start in five fig-
[18054]ures but he has been working on behalf of his court-
[18055]declared indigent client for more than two years
[18056]with minimal compensation. While Hogan is known as
[18057]a “very thorough” attorney, it would be interesting
[18058]to find out more about the circumstances in which he
[18059]discovered the "irregularities".
[18061]Even more interesting, perhaps, are the circum-
[18063]‘stances under which Richard Kleindienst was offered
[18065]a bribe of $100,000 to quash several mobindictments
[18066]In sworn testimony in November 1971, Kleindienst admit-
[18067]ted to being offered the $100,000 bribe (which would
[18068]be paid in the form of a contribution to Nixon's
[18069]1972 campaign) in exchange for stopping prosecution
[18070]against several underworld figures caught in a stock
[18071]fraud case. The bribe was offered by an aide of
[18072]Senator Hiram Fong, a Republican from Hawaii. The
[18073]aide had worked previously with Kelindienst through
[18074]Fong's position on the Senate Judiciary Committee.
[18075]Kleindienst said he refused the offer but he also.
[18076]said he did not realize it was a bribe for an entire
[18077]week |
[18079]In cross examination, the prosecutor asked Klein-
[18080]dienst, "If you had regarded the conversation as
[18081]something regarding a bribe offer you would have im-
[18083]mediately report it, would you not?"
[18085]"Yes sir," replied Kleindienst, "I would have.”
[18087]Kleindienst admitted he reported the bribe a full
[18088]week later, upon learning from J. Edgar Hoover that
[18089]Federal agents were investigating the case.
[18091]One would expect the Attorney General of the
[18092]United States to be more alert. But what is more
[18093]troubling are reports aired in the Washington Post
[18095]13-00000
[18097]shortly after the indictments in the stock fraud
[18098]pase in question (and ten months before Klein-~
[18099]dienst's testimony on the bribe). Those reports
[18100]quoted "sources at the U.S. Attorney's office in New
[18101]York" and indicated that after the meeting between
[18102]Kleindienst and Fong's aide, "Kleindienst immedi-
[18103]ately contacted Justice's Criminal Division [then
[18104]headed by Will Wilson] and ... an FBI agent was as-
[18105]signed to infiltrate the group of alleged conspira-
[18106]tors".
[18108]Do we now believe Kleindienst's story that he
[18109]“didn’t realize" he had been offered a bribe, or
[18110]do we believe the U.S. Attorney's office in New
[18111]York? Did Will Wilson and the Justice Department
[18112]hold off a week while Kleindienst "made up his
[18113]mind" that he had been offered a bribe, or was the
[18114]decision whether or not to take it? And did Hoover
[18115]and the FBI somehow interfere?
[18117]’ aps the answer comes in the final outcome of,
[18118]the @ctual prosecution involved. The defendants in
[18119]the stock-fraud case included Meyer Lansky's son-in-
[18120]law, a former director of the Bank of Miami Beach
[18121]and Johnny Dio, a notorious racketeer long associ-
[18122]ated with Jimmy Hoffa. They were acquitted, while
[18123]the messengers who offered the bribe were convicted.
[18124]One wonders if that $100,000 did not find its way
[18125]into the Republican secret treasury after all.
[18127]The Tip of the Iceberg
[18129]"The organized criminal relies on physical terror
[18130]and psychological intimidation, on economic re-
[18131]taliation and political bribery, on citizen's in-
[18132]difference and government acquiescence. He cor-
[18133]Yupts our governing institutions and subverts our
[18134]democratic processes."
[18136]— Richard Nixon, April 24, 1969
[18138]Someone should tell President Nixon that resist-
[18139]ing the power of organized crime demands, above all,
[18140]a President with a clean slate.
[18142]Nixon's life is like a complex jigsaw puzzle, the
[18143]pieces of which have been shuffled so as to defy
[18144]complete reconstruction. Some of the crucial pieces
[18145]have been removed, so a full picture cannot be
[18146]achieved. It is no accident that no other politi-
[18147]cian has been so much written about, yet so little
[18148]understood.
[18150]Indeed, much has been made of the “enigma” of
[18151]Richard Nixon, his tight-lipped bearing in relation
[18152]to his personal life, his unwillingness to divulge
[18153]what's really on his mind.
[18155]But maybe the answer to the enigma lies in his
[18156]old poker-playing instincts, in the unfailing abil-
[18157]ity to keep quiet when he's sitting on cards best
[18158]hidden from the table.
[18160]For there is one indisputable fact about Richard
[18161]Nixon's career — his ascendancy to the pinnacle of
[18162]American power has required twenty-five years of
[18163]care and feeding by some very wealthy and very re-
[18164]actionary men, and an extraordinary number of them
[18165]have maintained connections with the world of or-
[18166]ganized crime.
[18168]During Nixon's years in office the underworld em-
[18169]pire in the United States has prospered almost unre-
[18170]stricted by the Federal government. From its base
[18171]in the gigantic resources of heroin traffic, gamb-
[18172]ling, prostitution, “protection,” and a host of
[18173]other enterprises of violence against society, or-
[18174]ganized crime has moved like a bulldozer into the
[18175]world of legal, “respectable” business.
[18177]Every link between Richard Nixon and organized
[18178]crime, however marginal, is of significance, if for
[18179]no other reason because he is President. And there
[18180]are people all over America, from government intel-
[18181]ligence agents to hotel waiters, who have Nixon
[18182]stories to tell. He covers his tracks well, but not
[18183]well enough.
[18185]The full extent of Nixon's involvement with or-
[18186]ganized crime is just beginning to surface. The
[18187]evidence in this article is merely the top of a
[18188]dirty iceberg that will slowly become visible over
[18190]. the coming years.
[18192]The milieu in which he has traveled for three
[18193]decades, and in which so many of his friends, as-
[18194]sociates, and appointees have been related to the
[18195]mob, throw a long and permanent shadow over every-
[18196]thing Richard Nixon the “public servant” has ever
[18197]said, and over everything his political life has
[18198]ever meant.
[18200]For in light of his career, both past and pres-
[18201]ent, Richard M. Nixon seems to be the factual em-
[18202]bodiment of Ralph Salerno's prediction that organ-
[18203]ized crime would someday put its own man in the
[18204]White House.
[18208]The information in this article was gathered
[18209]during a six-month investigation carried out in
[18210]many cities, primarily Miami, New York, Washington,
[18211]D.C., Los Angeles, San Diego, Las Vegas, Dallas,
[18212]Austin, Galveston, Tallahassee, and San Francisco.
[18213]Sources included interviews with over a hundred
[18214]people; court documents (including deeds, mortgages,
[18215]etc.); research in the National Archives, Washing-
[18216]ton, D.C.; organized crime intelligence files (both
[18217]private and government); and newspaper clippings.
[18219]Unsettling, Disturbing, Critical .. *
[18221]Computers and Automation, established 1951] and
[18222]therefore the oldest magazine inthe field of com-
[18224]puters and data processing. believes that the pro-
[18225]fession of information engineer includes not only
[18226]competence in handling information using computers
[18227]and other means, but also a broad responsibility.
[18228]in'a professional and engineering sense, for:
[18230]— The reliability and social significance of
[18231]pertinent input data;
[18233]— The social] value and truth of the output
[18234]results. ,
[18236]In the same way, a bridge engineer takes a pro-
[18237]fessional responsibility for the reliability and
[18238]significance of the data he uses, and the safety
[18239]and efficiency of the bridge he builds, for human
[18240]beings to risk their lives on.
[18242]Accordingly, Computers and Automation publishes
[18243]from time to time articles and other information
[18245]related tosocially useful input and output of data
[18246]systems in a broad sense. To this end we seek to
[18247]publish what is unsettling, disturbing, critical
[18248]— but productive of thought and an improved and
[18249]safer “house” for 211 humanity. an earth in which
[18250]our children and later generations may have a fu-
[18251]ture, instead of facing extinction. ,
[18253]The professional information engineer needs to
[18254]relate his engineering to the most important and
[18255]most serious problems in the world today: war,
[18256]nuclear weapons, pollution, the population explo-
[18257]sion, and many more.
[18260]13-00000
[18262]. guard is notified.
[18264]ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK
[18266]Computing and Data Processing Newsletter
[18268]Table of Contents
[18270]APPLICATIONS
[18271]National American Bank Installs Computer- 42
[18272]Based Security System
[18273]Nova Computer Checks Stréngth of Roof in 42
[18275]«gee Coal Mine
[18277]“Phone Books by Computer
[18278]EDUCATION NEWS
[18280]Digital Equipment Corp. Computer Aids M.I.T. 43
[18281]Music Project
[18283]Composing by Computer at ISU 44
[18284]Student Programs Computer for Remedial 44
[18285]Instruction
[18286]RESEARCH
[18288]"Talking" Ballpoint Pen Under Development 45
[18290]MISCELLANEOUS
[18291]ICCP Names Directors and Officers 45
[18293]IFIP Congress '74 Travel Grants 47
[18295]APPLICATIONS
[18297]NATIONAL AMERICAN BANK INSTALLS
[18298]COMPUTER-BASED SECURITY SYSTEM
[18300]Tom Burbank
[18302]National American Bank
[18303]200 Carondelet
[18305]New Orleans, La. 70130
[18307]A computer-based system designed to prevent un-
[18308]authorized access to high security areas has gone
[18309]into operation at National American Bank here —
[18310]one of the first U.S. banks to install such a sys-
[18311]tem. The IBM Controlled Access System (CAS) at Na-
[18312]tional American is based on the use of magnetically
[18313]encoded, wallet-sized identification cards similar
[18314]to bank credit cards.
[18316]Each person authorized to enter a security area
[18317]is assigned a card coded with his own security num-
[18318]ber. Employees seeking entry to an area covered by
[18319]the system simply insert their cards into compact
[18320]Teading devices on entrance doors, and. the informa-
[18321]tion is transmitted to an IBM System/7 computer for
[18322]identification.
[18324]Stored in the computer's memory is a list of em-
[18325]ployee numbers and building areas these numbers are
[18326]@esignated for. If the number of the card entitles
[18327]the bearer access to that area, the computer signals
[18328]the door to unlock. If the person is unauthorized
[18329]to enter, the door remains closed and a security
[18330]The elapsed time is approximately
[18331]one second.
[18333]If a card is lost or stolen, a new card (with a
[18334]new number) is issued and the system is alerted to
[18335]Geny entry to the original card.” If the old card
[18336]is used, the guard is alerted.
[18338]As an additional safeguard, the system can auto-
[18339]matically log all entrance activity by individual
[18340]security code. door number, date and time of day.
[18341]This helps track wha is where and for how long.
[18342]National American can now analyze the number of
[18344]assets stored in the bank,”
[18346]times an individual enters and at what time of day
[18347]or night this activity occurs. The system also has
[18348]built-in failsafe mechanisms which insure security
[18349]in the event of a power failure.
[18351]“Unfortunately, we are doing business in a time
[18352]when public and private institutions are increas-
[18353]ingly vulnerable to lawless elements," said National
[18354]American President Louie J. Roussel III. "By adding
[18355]the IBM Controlled Access System to our current se-
[18356]curity procedures, we are taking a major step to in-
[18357]sure that our customers and employees are protected.
[18358]And, by controlling access to the collateral’ instru-
[18359]ment storage areas, we can make it very difficult
[18360]for unauthorized people to gain access to valuable
[18362]NOVA COMPUTER CHECKS STRENGTH
[18363]OF ROOF IN COAL MINE
[18365]Edgar E. Geithner
[18366]Data General Corp.
[18367]Southbaro, Mass, 01772
[18369]Data General's minicomputers track hurricanes
[18370]from airplanes for the U.S. Air Force; the Army has
[18371]mounted them in helicopters; Scripps Oceanographic
[18372]Institute has one on a ship; a scientist bounces
[18373]over Canadian glaciers with one mounted in his
[18374]tracked vehicle; and an oil company uses one of the
[18375]computers to control an oilfield in the Libyan des-
[18376]ert. Now engineers at the University of Texas (Aus-
[18377]tin) have a minicomputer in the bottom of a mine.
[18379]Dr. A. L. Podio, an assistant professor in the
[18380]university's Department of Petroleum Engineering,
[18381]and a team of researchers from the Center for Earth
[18382]Sciences and Engineering. use a Nova 820. computer to
[18383]detect possible weak spots in the roofs of mines.
[18385]The computer system, developed for the U.S. Bureau
[18386]of Mines, has been.on the job on the floor of Kaiser
[18387]Corporation’s York Canyon coal mine in New Mexico.
[18388]“One of the most frequent causes of mine accidents
[18389]is roof collapse," Dr. Podio said. “This system was
[18390]designed to use the principles of seismic explora-
[18391]tions to identify failure planes and fracture zones
[18392]in the rocks overlaying the mine roof. If tests
[18394]13-00000
[18396]show the area around a roof is weakening, it can be
[18397]supported by beams or roof bolts.”
[18399]In seismic exploration, a high energy explosion
[18400]is set off, and sensitive instruments determine the
[18401]structure and makeup of surrounding land by record-
[18402]ing how fast the shock waves travel through the
[18403]ground. The waveforms can be interpreted to pin-
[18404]point probable deposits of oil, and to describe rock
[18405]formations. "Using a large energy souce like an ex-
[18406]plosion in a mine is out of the question,” Dr. Podio
[18407]said, “so a manually controlled impact device was
[18408]designed to generate the shock waves." The impact
[18409]device, which works like a BB gun, uses air pressure
[18410]to shoot a round projectile at a striker plate
[18411]mounted at the end of the barrel.
[18413]When the striker plate is pressed against the
[18414]wall or roof of the mine and the device is triggered.
[18415]shock waves are sent through the surrounding rock.
[18416]Th ock waves are picked up by wideband transduc-
[18417]erS,7digitized by a fast transient recorder, and
[18418]processed through the Nova 820 for waveform enhance-
[18419]ment. The waveform is then displayed on an oscil-
[18420]loscope, with the results of velocity and depth cal-
[18421]culations. Permanent records of the waveform can be
[18422]made on paper tape, or by transmitting the data to a
[18423]large scale remote computer. .
[18425]“A mine could make daily checks with the system
[18426]to detect changes in rock strata as the working face
[18427]of the mine advances," Dr. Podio said, "or the sys-
[18428]tem could be transported throughout the mine to make
[18429]gaily checks on the condition of roofs at predeter-
[18430]mined key locations.” Dr. Podio noted that similar
[18431]systems could be used to predict the quality of rock
[18432]in rapid excavation projects or could be used in
[18433]RNondestructive tests of large concrete structures.
[18435]PHONE BOOKS BY COMPUTER
[18437]Peter A. Cassels
[18439]Bel! Telephone Laboratories
[18440]Mountain Ave.
[18442]Murray Hill, NJ. 07974
[18444]The Bell System is using computer technology to
[18445]modernize production of the White Pages telephone
[18446]books. A system designed to improve customer serv-
[18447]ice, control costs and streamline massive record-
[18448]keeping operations is now being implemented. The
[18449]sygtem — called DIR/ECT (for DIRectory projECT) —
[18450]was developed by Bell Laboratories, the research
[18451]and development unit of the Bell System. Michigan
[18452]Bell Telephone Company recently issued its first
[18453]directory containing listings produced by the sys-
[18454]tem. Michigan Bell also is using the system to
[18455]Produce some of its directory assistance records.
[18457]DIR/ECT is a more sophisticated outgrowth of its
[18458]Prototype, PHOTAC, a similar process developed by
[18459]the New York Telephone Company under sponsorship of
[18460]the nationwide Bell System. The first directory
[18461]produced by the PHOTAC system was distributed in
[18462]1966. Since then, New York Telephone has converted
[18463]some 4.5 million listings to the process. Currently
[18464]the 12 major downstate White Pages directories are
[18465]Produced by PHOTAC.
[18467]The DIR/ECT system stores in a computer memory
[18468]directory information such as the customer's name,
[18469]address, telephone number — even telephone book
[18470]delivery instructions. The information in the com-
[18471]puter memory then is fed into a device called a
[18472]Photocomposer, which Provides ready-to-print list-
[18473]ings for White Pages. Besides the annual White
[18474]Pages directories, DIR/ECT produces daily updates of
[18476]new listings and monthly reprints for the telephone
[18477]companies' directory assistance operators.
[18479]Although customers may see no obvious differences
[18480]in the computer-produced directory, listings are
[18481]easier to read and pages cleaner looking. The di-
[18482]rectories also have uniform abbreviations, The sys-
[18483]tem has built-in cross-checks for consistent spell-
[18484]ing of street names and for obvious errors in street
[18485]and telephone numbers. There also is provision for
[18486]massive directory listing changes, caused by renam~
[18487]ing of streets and buildings.
[18489]Today, listings for phone directories are gener~
[18490]ally set line-by-line in metal type, Changes in
[18491]listings must be reset and inserted by hand. With
[18492]the new system, changes can be made quickly (because
[18493]information is stored on magnetic computer tape and
[18494]not metal type), the need to store tons of lead type
[18495]will end, and the growing cost of publishing direc-
[18496]tories will be lessened.
[18498]EDUCATION NEWS
[18500]M.LT, MUSIC PROJECT USES DEC COMPUTER
[18502]News Office :
[18503]Massachusetts Institute of Technology .
[18504]Cambridge, Mass. 02139
[18506]The Massachusetts Institute of Technology has be-
[18507]gun work on a project aimed at making the Institute
[18508]a major center for the study and composition of
[18509]electronic music. Barry Vercoe, assistant professor
[18510]of music, working with a computer given to the De-
[18511]partment of Humanities’ music section by Digital
[18512]Equipment Corp. of Maynard, is in the early stages
[18513]of developing a major electronic music production
[18514]facility at the Institute.
[18516]Professor Vercoe said the computer facility "will
[18517]be a tool both in the hands of the teacher and the
[18518]composer that will greatly aid the development of
[18519]creativity. The facility also will provide an ex-
[18520]cellent tool in the teaching of musical composition
[18521]for conventional instruments.
[18523]“This is definitely not a scientific project. I'm
[18524]not interested in merely getting a computer to sound
[18525]exactly like a trumpet. The technological applica-
[18526]tion, however, will interest some students who might
[18527]Not approach music otherwise and some of these will
[18528]be drawn into its aesthetic considerations, through
[18529]the back door as it were," Professor Vercoe said.
[18531]Why compose music for a machine at all?
[18533]"I suppose someone asked that very question when
[18534]man first composed music for what are now traditional
[18535]instruments, instead of for the human voice alone,”
[18536]Professor Vercoe said. “Electronic music merely ex-
[18537]pands the forces available to the practicing com-
[18538]poser.”
[18540]A
[18542]The PDP-11/45 computer — coupled with music in-
[18543]put — also will lend itself to other forms of music
[18544]research, such as syntactic analysis of music struc-
[18545]tures.
[18547]Professor Vercoe is the author of the widely used
[18548]Music 360 language for digital sound synthesis. He
[18549]has taught at M.I.T. for two years and is director
[18550]of the Experimental Music Studio. His work, “Meta-
[18551]morphoses for Orchestra," was given its Boston pre-
[18552]mier early this year by the M.I.T. Symphony and was
[18553]performed by the orchestra on its subsequent nation-
[18555]13-00000
[18557]wide’tour. Working with Professor Vercoe on the
[18558]project are Richard J. Steiger, a graduate student,
[18559]and Stephen Haflich, a recent M.I.T. graduate.
[18561]COMPOSING BY COMPUTER AT ISU
[18563]infarmation Service
[18564]lowa State University of Science and Technology
[18565]Ames, lowa 50010
[18567]Music composers at Iowa State University may turn
[18568]from their piano keyboards and hand-written scores
[18569]to a more efficient instrument for composing music
[18570]— accomputer. ISU faculty members are building 2
[18571]computerized electronic music studio — a system
[18572]that will technologically simplify composing elec-
[18573]tronic music. The studio is being designed and
[18574]built by an interdisciplinary group from lowa
[18575]State's music, computer science, and electrical en-
[18577]@gfneering departments, under the direction of Stefan
[18578]Stlverston, assistant professor of computer science,
[18579]Terry Smay, professor of electrical engineering, and
[18580]Gary White, associate professor of music.
[18582]Electronic music is produced by purely electronic
[18583]means and the Iowa State,Computerized Music System
[18584]CISMUS) will be doing just that — generating music
[18585]with computer equipment. A composer will sit at the
[18586]computer and write a musical composition using an
[18587]electronic keyboard.
[18589]The new system, which was expected to be operable
[18590]this fall, should be an easier method of modifying
[18591]and editing a musical piece. The normal hand opera-
[18592]tions of changing notations on a printed score or
[18593]splicing tapes of recorded music are "more time-
[18594]consuming and inaccurate" processes for correcting
[18595]@ composition, according to Gary White.
[18597]The computer composing process begins when the
[18598]composer inserts introductory instructions into a
[18599]teletype machine. On an electronic keyboard he then
[18600]begins to compose his piece. The computer records
[18601]all musical instructions which are transformed
[18602]through a digital-to-analog sound converter and
[18603]loudspeaker into sound. This immediate feedback
[18604]system enables the composer to hear what he is com-
[18605]posing simultaneously. The computer also allows. the
[18606]composer to automatically play back and edit what he
[18607]has written simply by striking another key.
[18609]The musician has now completed one “layer” of
[18610]music. If he wants to add further musical instruc-
[18611]tions to the composition, he repeats the entire pro-
[18612]cess again. All layers merge together to obtain the
[18613]product — a completed electronic composition.
[18615]The music instructions which the composer inserts
[18616]into the system are a special electronic music nota-
[18617]tion — a “computer language." The English words it
[18618]uses can be compared to musical notation found on a
[18619]conventional score — treble and bass clefs, notes,
[18620]rests, and the like.
[18622]Electronic music has been used in commercial re-
[18623]cordings, and as background music for television,
[18624]radio and film. The Towa State system will be so-
[18625]Phisticated enough for use in serious compositional
[18626]Study, the production of background music for vari-
[18627]ous media, and for the demonstration of sound prop-
[18628]erties.
[18630]The ISMUS presently being built is a protytype of
[18631]a full-scale model. If the "test-system" proves
[18632]satisfactory, "we will look for funding to build a
[18633]full-scale model," says White. The project is pres-
[18634]ently supported by a $1,170 grant from Western Elec-
[18636]_ren in this southeastern Idaho community.
[18638]tric and a National Science Foundation institutional
[18639]grant of $8,698. The prototype employs a mini-com-
[18640]puter that is owned by Iowa State.
[18642]The studio will be used as a teaching tool for
[18643]the ISU music program. Computer software, the pro-
[18644]grams (sequences of operations to be performed by
[18645]the computer) written for the system, will be devel-
[18646]oped so a composer can use the studio equipment
[18647]without having prior knowledge of computer program-
[18648]ming. Students will be able to learn basic acousti-
[18649]cal concepts and principles of electronic music syn-
[18650]thesis and to develop sensitivity to timbre with the
[18651]ISMUS. Also contributing to introductory computer
[18652]science courses, the system will be a novel example
[18653]of computer application in a non-scientific field.
[18655]STUDENT PROGRAMS COMPUTER
[18656]FOR REMEDIAL INSTRUCTION
[18658]Edward J. Canty
[18659]Digital Equipment Corp.
[18660]Maynard, Mass. 01754
[18662]Using programs developed by a local high school
[18663]student, School District 91 in Idaho Falls. has put
[18664]its newly-acquired. computer to work as a “super
[18665]tutor” in remedial studies for disadvantaged child-
[18666]Designed
[18667]to improve the arithmetic and language arts skills
[18668]of children in grades 2 through 6, the project was
[18669]introduced by director of curriculum Dr. Wallace
[18670]Manning with federal Title’ 1 aid during the dis-
[18671]trict's 1973 summer session for children largely
[18672]from rural farm families. According to John A.
[18673]Christensen, computer sciences coordinator, the
[18674]project proved so successful in its initial appli-
[18675]cation that it has been continued in the fall se-
[18676]mester,
[18678]The student programmer is Robert Huntsman, 18, a
[18679]June graduate of Idaho Falls* Skyline High School.
[18680]Using the district's PDP-11/20 timesharing computer
[18681]system installed last December by Digital Equipment
[18682]Corporation, Huntsman developed programs for arith-
[18683]metic and language drill to serve between 40 and 50
[18684]pupils on each of two teletypewriter terminals situ-
[18686]‘ated in local elementary schools.
[18688]In a typical arithmetic routine, the computer
[18689]types a problem and waits for the pupil's response
[18690]— ten seconds if the problem is a memory exercise.
[18691]longer if it involves several columns for addition
[18692]or several digits for multiplication. If the stu-
[18693]dent's answer is correct, Huntsman'’s program directs
[18694]the terminal to ring a bell in congratulation; if
[18695]incorrect, the computer supplies a hint on where the
[18696]mistake occurred and encourages him to try again.
[18698]Answers to English and social studies workbook
[18699]questions have been entered in the computer memory,
[18700]allowing students to do their homework at a terminal
[18701]and receive immediate response. The computer keeps
[18702]score of right and wrong answers to produce reports
[18703]for teacher guidance. Spelling-recognition exer-
[18704]cises are also in use and Huntsman has undertaken
[18705]development of an arithmetic program involving frac-
[18708]"One of the computer's major advantages is its
[18709]ability to pay attention to individual children,”
[18710]Christensen said. “Every child enrolled in the
[18711]regular summer session was able to get experience
[18712]at a terminal and benefit from these interactive
[18713]programs." He said high school laboratory assist-
[18714]ants will continue to write instructional programs
[18715]for elementary and junior high levels, expanding the
[18716]library begun by Huntsman. For future summer ses-
[18718]ry
[18720]13-00000
[18722]‘sions, he added, the district hopes to make such
[18723]computer assistance available at a nearby rural ele-
[18724]mentary school attended by children of migrant farm
[18725]workers.
[18727]RESEARCH FRONTIER
[18729]“TALKING” BALLPOINT PEN UNDER DEVELOPMENT
[18731]Ronald |. Deutsch
[18732]Stanford Research Institute
[18733]Menlo Park, Calif. 94025
[18735]A prototype model of a simple, inexpensive "talk-
[18736]ing” ballpoint pen, under development at Stanford
[18737]Research Institute (SRI), could reduce massive pa-
[18738]perwork and delay in routine business transactions.
[18739]The pen is similar to an ordinary pen in size and
[18740]5. e except that it is wired to a computer system.
[18742]e@eomputer is programmed to receive signals gener-
[18743]ated instantaneously as a person hand-prints charac-
[18744]ters with the pen to record information.
[18746]“Such instantaneous and remote processing of data
[18747]might be invaluable to large businesses engaged in
[18748]daily consumer-oriented services, such as banks, in-
[18749]surance companies and utilities,” says staff scien-
[18750]tist Dr. Hewitt D. Crane, the inventor. For exam-
[18751]ple, the pen could be used by a bank teller credit-
[18752]ing a savings or checking account. In this case,
[18753]according to Dr. Crane, the data would not have to
[18754]be retranscribed from a piece of paper by another
[18755]employee, or the paper itself put through expensive
[18756]automatic reading equipment. Thus, costs and de-
[18757]lays could be reduced in crediting accounts or es-
[18758]tablishing cash requirements.
[18760]In another case, a meter reader making his rounds
[18761]for a utility could use the pen in combination with
[18762]a cassette recorder. When he returned to his of-~
[18763]fice, the cassette tape would be programmed into the
[18764]system, thus eliminating the need for manual re-
[18765]transcription of a day's worth of data.
[18767]In the present laboratory version, the pen is
[18768]hooked to an audio unit as well as a teleprinter,
[18769]so that as a person writes, the characters appear on
[18770]the teleprinter and are spoken by the audio unit.
[18772]SRI holds a patent on the pen and is currently
[18773]seeking financial support for further development,
[18774]Dr. Crane says. He estimates that the pen itself
[18775]might cost about $25 to $50. A central computer
[18776]unit would be extra but could serve many pens.
[18778]MISCELLANEOUS
[18780]ICCP NAMES DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
[18782]Paul M. Pair, Secretary & Chairman
[18784]Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals
[18786]P.O. Box 1442 .
[18787]Chicago, Ili. 60690
[18789]At a meeting in late September, the incorpora-
[18790]tors of the Institute for Certification of Computer
[18791]Professionals, Chicago, 111., adopted bylaws for
[18792]the newly-formed organization and named a board of
[18793]Girectors which, in turn, held its first meeting and
[18794]elected officers. The ICCP is the outgrowth of over
[18795](wo years of intensive preparation and Study by rep-
[18796]Fesentatives of major computing societies. Its pri-
[18797]mary focus is the enhancement of certification ac-
[18799]tivities in the computing industry. It was incor-
[18800]porated August 13, 1973.
[18802]Elected as officers by the board of directors
[18803]were:
[18805]President — John Kk. Swearingen, Computer Sci-
[18806]ences Corp., Las Vegas, Nev., representing
[18807]Data Processing Management Association (DPMA).
[18809]Vice President — Fred H. Harris, University of
[18810]Chicago, Association for Computing Machinery.
[18812]Treasurer — William S. Eick, Alexander Grant
[18813]& Co., Chicago, Association of Computer Pro-
[18814]grammers and Analysts,
[18816]Secretary — Paul M. Pair, Control Data Institute,
[18817]Chicago, Association for Educational Data
[18818]Systems.
[18820]Ten professional societies participated in the
[18821]organization of ICCP and are eligible for charter
[18822]membership. Of these, seven have exercised their
[18823]Tight to such membership, and are entitled to two
[18824]members on the ICCP board. The seven charter mem-
[18825]bers are: Association of Computer Programmers and
[18826]Analysts; Society of Certified Data Processors: As-
[18827]sociation for Computing Machinery; Association for
[18828]Educational Data Systems; Society of Professional
[18829]Data Processors; Data Processing Management Associ-
[18830]ation; and Automation 1 Association.
[18834]The other three associations eligible for charter
[18835]membership are: Canadian Information Processing So-
[18836]ciety, the Computer Society of the Institute of
[18837]Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the Society
[18838]of Data Educators. They are expected to act before
[18840]the end of 1973. (please turn to page 47)
[18842]13-00000
[18844].
[18845].
[18847]NEW CONTRACTS
[18849]10 FROM
[18851]CAE Electronics,
[18852]Montreal, Canada
[18854]Sanders Associates, Inc.,
[18855]Nashua, N.H.
[18857]FOR
[18859]Display system segment of Canadian Joint En-
[18861]AMOUNT
[18863]18.6 million
[18864]route Terminal System (JETS) Program: first
[18865]phase consists of seven Enroute and two
[18867]Terminal Systems for sir traffic control
[18869]ITT Creed Limited,
[18871]British Post Office
[18872]Great Britain .
[18874]Univac Div., Sperry Rand
[18875]Corp.. Blue Bell, Pa.
[18877]Auto Tell Services, Inc.,
[18878]Villanova, Pa.
[18880]6000 machines — teleprinters and associ- $11 million
[18881]ated equipment — to beused mainly for
[18883]Telex customer-to-customer teleprinter
[18885]system
[18887]1100 Univac DCT-515 Data Communications Ter- $7 million
[18888]minals to be used by automobile dealers who .
[18889]subscribe to ATS services on-line computer-
[18891]ized services
[18893]Computer Sciences Corp., National Aeronautics and Space Computer services support toSimulator Com- $6.7 million
[18895]El Segundo, Calif. Administration (NASA)
[18897]puter System Branch at Ames Research Center,
[18898]Mountain View. Calif.
[18900]Ko! Il, Inc.. State of Arizona, A Honeywell Multics (Multiplexed Informa- $5+ million
[18901]Wellesley Hills, Mass. Phoenix, Ariz. tion and Computing Service) system, for
[18903]use by 13 state agencies
[18904]Computer Sciences Corp.. National Aeronautics and Space Engineering and related services to NASA's $5 million
[18905]El Segundo, Calif. Administration (NASA) Wallops Station, Wallops Island. Va. (approximate)
[18907]+ Philco-Ford Corp.
[18908]Willow Grove, Pa.
[18910]U.S. Army Electronics Command.
[18911]Fort Monmouth, N.J.
[18913]Raytheon Data Systems,
[18914]Norwood, Hass.
[18916]Eastern Air Lines, Miami.
[18917]Fla.
[18919]Improving computerized communications net- $4.6 million
[18920]work, identified as 'T3 AEP for AUTODIN En-
[18921]hancement Program, at 10 overseas AUTODIN
[18922]sites, Ft. Monmouth, N.J., and Fort Det-
[18923]rick, Md. _.
[18924]Data display terminals and associated equip-
[18927]ment as part of expansion of EAL's Automated :
[18929]: Passenger Processing and Reservation System
[18931]National Cash Register
[18932]Co., Dayton, Ohio
[18934]Publix Super Markets, Inc.,
[18935]Lakeland, Fla.
[18937]Computer Sciences Corp.,
[18938]El Segundo, Calif.
[18939]Interdata, Inc.,
[18940]Oceanport, N.J.
[18942]National Aeronautics and Space
[18943]Administration (NASA)
[18945]DATRAN (Data Transmission Co.),
[18946]Vienna, Va.
[18948]McDonnell Douglas Automation
[18949]Co. (MCAUTO). St. Louis, Mo.
[18951]Buffums
[18952]Southern California
[18954]Informatics Inc., Western Div.,
[18955]Canoga Park, Calif.
[18957]Logicon, Inc., Torrance,
[18958]Calif.
[18960]Illinois Bell Telephone Co.,
[18961]Chicago, Ill.
[18962]U.S. Air Force
[18964]TRW Inc., Redondo Beach,
[18966]Los Angeles County Road
[18967]Calif.
[18969]Department (LACRD), Calif.
[18971]ventory information
[18972]Systems Engineering Labora- Singer Simulation Products, Central control and simulation element of $330.000
[18974]tories, Inc., Ft. Lauderdale, Div. of Singer Co.
[18975]. a
[18976]- Boeing Commercial Airplane
[18978]Manufacturing Technology Div.,
[18979]Co., Renton, Wash.
[18981]A.F. Materials Labs., Wright
[18982]Patterson AFB. Ohio
[18983]Arkansas State Educational
[18984]Television Commission
[18986]Atlantic Research Corp.,
[18987]Alexandria, Va.
[18989]Bunker Ramo Corp., Trumbull,
[18991]Reliance Federal Savings &
[18992]Conn.
[18994]Loan Asso. of New York,
[18995]Jamaica, N.Y.
[18997]Collins Radio Co., Dallas,
[18999]U.S. Air Force
[19000]Texas
[19002]Diablo Systems, Inc.,
[19003]Subsidiary of Xerox Corp.
[19004]Hayward, Calif.
[19006]MRI Systems Corp., Austin,
[19007]Texas
[19009]Wang Laboratories, Tewks-
[19010]bury, Mass.
[19012]U.S. Dept. of Agriculture,
[19013]Washington, D.C. and New
[19015]30 NCR 255 supermarket checkout systems in-
[19016]volving a total of 357 NCR 255 terminals
[19017]and 30 NCR 726 in-store minicomputers plus
[19018]120 NCR 250 free-standing electronic cash
[19020]registers
[19022]Analysis and programming services to Lang-
[19023]ley Research Center, Hampton, Va.
[19025]Dual processor Model 55 data communications $1+ million
[19026]concentrators, with software and technical
[19028]support, for an information network DATRAN
[19030]is designed and installing on a turnkey basis
[19032]for International Brotherhood of Teamsters
[19034]$2 million
[19035](approximate)
[19037]$1.2 million.
[19039]Computer processing of all company data; $725,000 -
[19040]includes accounts payable, receivables, (approximate)
[19041]sales analyses, payroll, inventory con-
[19043]trol and statistics
[19045]Design and applications programming sup- $500, 000+
[19046]ort for a new pavroll/personnel system
[19048]Verifying and validating (VE6V) critical mis- $365,000
[19049]sile flight safety (MFS) software used on
[19051]western test range of Space and Missile Test
[19053]Center (SANTEC), Vandenberg AFB, Calif.
[19055]Designing Integrated Information Manage- $365,000 -
[19057]ment (IIMS); 10 subsystems cover account-
[19058]ing; billing; budgets; management of con- i
[19059]tracts, and projects, inventory control,
[19060]production and performance, and road in-
[19062]a Nuclear Plant Simulator for Carolina i
[19063]Power & Light Co., Raleigh, N.C. .
[19064]Developing Air Force Computer Aided Manu-
[19065]facturing (AFCAM) master plan
[19069]Engineering studies and detailed plans for $37,000
[19071]four new ETC (Educational Television) sta- H
[19072]tions, and an interconnect ing microwave network
[19073]31 BR 200) Universal Teller Terminals for
[19074]equipping teller stations inall nine Reli-
[19075]ance offices; terminals will be tied by
[19076]highspeed communications circuits to a
[19078]Univac 9460 computer
[19080]Continuing development of systems andequip- s+
[19081]ment for the U.S. Air Force Satellite Com-
[19082]gunication System (AFSATCOM) ; eventual pro-
[19083]duction awards. depending uponAir Force re-
[19084]uirements, could total more than $125 million
[19085]Series 40 disk drives to be incorporated
[19087]into Wang's new line of mini computer systems
[19089]Lease of SYSTEM 2000 for Farmmanagement ap-
[19090]plications; at least nine SYSTEM 2000 data
[19092]13-00000
[19094]NEW INSTALLATIONS
[19096]AT
[19098]Burroughs B 4700 system
[19100]Walter E. Heller & Co., Chicago,
[19102]Ti.
[19103](2 systems)
[19105]Control Data CYBER 70 Model 74
[19107]system (CRC). Tokyo, Japan
[19109]’ te
[19111]Computer Management Group (CMG)
[19112]Ltd., North-west London, England
[19114]Century Research Center Corp.
[19116]FOR
[19118]The first of two B4700 systems (which are included
[19119]in a five-system order) to be installed at CG's
[19120]North-west London, England center
[19122](entire 5 computer system order valued at $4.3
[19123]million)
[19125]Providing internal processing speed to keep pace
[19126]with continued growth of data processing operations:
[19127]system will allow expansion without reprogramming or
[19128]recompiling: replaces two Burroughs B3500 svstems
[19129]Increasing CRC'’s processing capabilities to include
[19130]remote batch data processing services via high
[19131]speed communication line control devices, and offer
[19132]a wide range-of services to various types of users:
[19133]system will be connected to a previously installed
[19134]CDC 6600 computer ‘
[19136]: ane (system valued at $3 million)
[19137]Contfol Data CYBER (0 Model 76 Atmospheric Environment Service Upgrading weather forecasting facilities throughout
[19139]system of Canada, Montreal, Canada
[19141]Control Data 3150 system
[19142]ham, Ala,
[19144]Ingalls Iron Works Co., Birming-
[19146]the country; system installed at Canadian Meteoro-
[19147]logical Center in Montreal, Canada
[19149](system valued at $6.3 million)
[19151]Expanding automated design activities: system will
[19152]operate in conjunction with a previously installed
[19153]COC 3150 to support CONSTRUCTS, an automated en-
[19155]gineering design software ‘package
[19156]IBM System/370 Model 155 system Educational Information Services Linking with university's IBM System/360 “Model 92
[19158](EIS), Princeton University,
[19160]to significantly expand a variety of data proces-
[19162]Princeton. N.J. sing services
[19163]IBM System/370 Model 168 system Datacrown Limited, Willowdale, The first of two systems that will more than double
[19165]Ontario, Canada
[19167]Interdata Model 70 systems
[19168]Fort Monmouth, N.J.
[19169](2_ systems)
[19171]Radyne Limited,
[19172]Great Britain
[19174]NCR Century 101 system
[19176]NCR Century 200 system
[19178]U.S. Army Electronics Command,
[19180]Green Shield Trading Stamp Com-
[19182]current batch processing capacity and increase its
[19183]capability to provide for transaction-oriented ter-
[19184]minals; replaces Model 165 currently in use
[19185](systems valued at $12 million)
[19187]Use in experiments involving automated tactical
[19188]surveillance and target acquisition
[19190]An advanced inventory management and control system
[19191](system valued at $6.3 million)
[19192]Expansion of automated stock control system for its
[19194]pany of Edgware. Colindale, England gift houses and new Argos chain of catalog showrooms
[19196]NCR Century 251 system Columbia EDP Centers. Inc..
[19198]Columbia, Mo.
[19199]British Gas Corp., Hinckley,
[19200]England
[19202]OUnivac 1106 system
[19204]University of Connecticut Medical
[19206]Center. Farmington, Conn.
[19208]Univac 1110 system Pacific International Comput
[19210]Corp.. Gaithersburg, Md.
[19212]Dnivac 9480 system
[19213]: Asso. of New York, Jamaica,
[19215]Reliance Federal Savings & Loan
[19217]General data processing services to a variety of
[19218]customers including several banks
[19220]Assistance in controlling National Grid pipeline by
[19221]performing forward simulations on a real-time.
[19222]round-the-clock-basis; in addition, system will act
[19223]as a service bureau to scientific and engineering
[19224]departments within the Corporation
[19226]All aspects of Medical Center's work including pa-
[19227]tient admissions, monitoring patient care, schedul-
[19228]ing outpatient appointments, support of library in-
[19229]formation and research statistical programs, and
[19230]general accounting and payroll processing chores
[19231](system valued at $1.3 million)
[19233]The first of two systems whose primary applications
[19234]include project management, engineering and busi-
[19235]ness data processing: the system will also include
[19236]time-sharing capability.as well as remote job entry
[19237]from terminals in the field
[19239]Faster customer service at any bank branch
[19241]ing
[19243]N.Y.
[19245]Across the Editor's Desk — Continued from page 45
[19247]IFIP CONGRESS '74 TRAVEL GRANTS
[19249]P. E. Welch
[19251]U.S. Committee for IFIP Congress 74
[19252]Box 426
[19254]New Canaan, Conn. 06840
[19256]The National Science Foundation.will support a
[19257]travel grant program for attendance at IFIP Congress
[19258]74 to be held August 5-10, 1974, in Stockholm. The
[19259]triennial IFIP (International Federation for Infor-
[19260]®ation Processing) Congresses have become the major
[19261]international media for exchange of information
[19262]among developers and users of information processing
[19263]techniques and technology.
[19265]The Division of Mathematical Sciences of the Na-
[19266]tional Research Council will administer the program
[19267]and award grants to qualified people from the United
[19268]States whose accomplishments in and potential con-
[19269]tributions to the field of information processing
[19270]are most noteworthy, regardless of the formal labels
[19271]for their specialties.
[19273]Younger members of the information science com-
[19274]munity are urged to apply. William F. Atchison of
[19275]the University of Maryland, Financial Support Chair-
[19276]man of the U.S. Committee for IFIP, said that spe-
[19277]cial efforts willbe made to support theirattendance.
[19279]Applications may be obtained through the Math Di-
[19280]vision, National Research Council. Washington, D.C.
[19281]20416. Applications must be received on or before
[19282]December 31, 1973.
[19284]13-00000
[19286]/ . * MONTHLY COMPUTER CENSUS
[19288]Neil Macdonald
[19289]Survey Editor
[19290]COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION
[19292]The following is a summary made by COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION of re- The following abbreviations apply:
[19293]porte and estimates of the number of general purpose digital computers
[19294]ganufactured and installed, or to be manufactured and on order. These
[19295]figures are mailed to individual computer manufacturers quarterly for
[19296]their information and review, and for any updating or comments they
[19297]@ay care to provide. Please note the variation in dates and relia-
[19298]bility of the information. A few manufacturers refuse to give out,
[19299]confirm, or comment on any figures.
[19301](A} — authoritative figures, derived essentially from information
[19302]sent by che manufacturer directly to COMPUTERS AND
[19303]AUTOMATION
[19305]C == figure is combined in a total
[19307](D) == acknowledgment is given to DP Focus, Marlboro, Mass., for
[19308]their help in estimating many of these figures
[19310]E — figure estimated by COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION
[19312]Part 1 of the Monthly Computer Census contains reports for United (N) == manufacturer refuses to give any figures on number of in-
[19313]States manufacturers, A to H, and is published in January, April, July, stallations or of orders, and refuses to comment in any
[19314]and October, Part 2 contains reports for United States manufacturers, wey on those numbers stated here
[19315]I to Z, and is published in February, May, August, and November, (R) -- figures derived all or in part from information released _
[19316]Pare 3 contains reports for manufacturers outside of the United States indirectly by the manufacturer, or from reports by other
[19317]and is published in March, June, September, and December, sources likely to be informed
[19319]fe (8) sale only, and sale (not rental) price is stated
[19321]scensus seeks to include all digital computers manufactured any- X <= no longer in production
[19322]where? We invite all manufacturers located anywhere to submit infor- - e« information not obtained at press time and/or not released
[19323]that would help make these figures as accurate and complete ss possible. by manufacturer
[19325]SUMMARY AS OF OCTOBER 15, 1973
[19327]. DATE OF AVERAGE OR RANGE NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS NUMBER OF
[19328]NAME OF NAME OF FIRST OF MONTHLY RENTAL In Ouraide In UNFILLED
[19329]MANUFACTURER COMPUTER INSTALLATION 000. U.S.A, U.S.A. World ORDERS
[19331]Part 2. United States Manufacturers I-Z .
[19333]IBM 305 12/57 3.6 40 15 55 -
[19334]White Plains, N.Y. 650 10/67 _ 48 50 18 68 -
[19335]qN) (D) (Oct. 1973) 1130 2/66 1.5 2580 1227 3807 -
[19337]1401 9/60 5.4 2210 1836 4046 -
[19338]1401-6 5/64 2.3 420 450 870 -
[19339]1401-48 6/67 1.3 180 140 320 -
[19340]1410 11/61 17.0 156 116 272 -
[19341]1440 4/63 4.2 1690 1174 2864 -
[19342]1460 10/63 10.0 194 63 257 -
[19343]1620 I, IT 9/60 4.1 285 186 471 -
[19344]1800 1/66 5.2 416 148 564 -
[19345]7010 10/63 26.0 67 Vv 84 -
[19346]7030 5/61 160.0 4 1 5 -
[19347]704 12/55 32.0 12 1 13 -
[19348]7040 6/63 25.0 35 27 62 -
[19349]7044 6/63 36.5 28 13. 41 -
[19350]705 11/55 38.0 18 3 21 -
[19351]7020, 2 3/60 27.0 10 3 13 -
[19352]7076 3/60 35,0 4a 26 70 -
[19353]7080 8/61 60.0 13 2 15 -
[19354]7090 11/59 63.5 4 2 6 -
[19355]7094=1 9/62 75.0 10 4 14 -
[19356]7094-11 6/64 83.0 6 4 i0 -
[19357]System/3 Model 6 3/71 1.0 8 - - -
[19358]System/3 Model 10 1/70 Ja 5 - - -
[19359]Systen/3 Model 15 - - - - - -
[19360]System/7 1/71 0.35 and up 15 be - -
[19361]360/20 12/65 2.70 7161 6075 13236 2780
[19362]360/25 1/68 | 5.1 1112 759 1871 1287
[19363]360/30 5/65 10.3 5487 2535 8022 -
[19364]360/40 4/65 19.3 2454 1524 3976 1363
[19365]360/44 7/66 11.8 109 37 166 39
[19366]360/50 8/65 29.1 1235 445 1580 662
[19367]360/65 11/65 57.2 604 144 748 562
[19368]360/67 10/65 133.8 65 6 71 99
[19369]360/75 2/66 66.9 50 17 67 12
[19370]360/85 12/69 150.3 i 1 12 55
[19371]360/90 11/671 - 5 - - -
[19372]360/91 - - 1 - - -
[19373]360/190 - - 13 2 15 -
[19374]360/195 4/71 232.0 - - 9 48
[19375]370/215 - ~ - - - -
[19376]370/125 6/73 6.2-13.8 1 - - -
[19377]370/135 5/72 14.4 3 - - “ e
[19378]370/145 9/71 23.3 2 - - -
[19379]370/155 2/71 48.0 2 - - -
[19380]370/158 -/73 49,5-85.0 1 -” - -
[19381]370/165 * 5/71 98.7 3 - - -
[19382]370/168 ~/73 93,0-170.0 1 3 - -
[19383]370/195 - - - -
[19385]Taterdata ‘Model 1 244 75 19 =
[19386]Oceanport, N.J. Model 3 5/67 - - 200 x
[19387](A) (Oct. 1973) Model 4 8/68 274 ls 389 32
[19389]Model S - 11/70 x 7” 2 #90 x
[19390]Model 7/1 /% - - - - -
[19391]Model 7/32 -/% - - - - -
[19392]Model 15 1/69 20.0 40 zz 64 x
[19393]Model 16 $/71 x 1 6 7 x
[19394]Model 16 6/72 x 2 7 9 x
[19395]Model 50/55 5/72 ~ 75 20 85 115
[19396]Model 70 10/71 - 466 116 582 107
[19397]Model 74 2/73 - 41 8 49 126
[19398]Nodel 80 10/72 - 4s 3 18 20
[19399]Model 85 6/73 - 1. - - -
[19401]13-00000
[19405]. .
[19407]DATE OF AVERAGE OR RANGE NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS NUMBER OF
[19408]. NAME OF NAME OF FIRST OF MONTHLY RENTAL In Outside Te UNFILLED
[19409]. MASUFACTURER COMPUTER INSTALLATION $(000) U.S.A. U.S.A. World ORDERS
[19410]Microdata Corp. Micro 400/10 12/70 0.1-0.5 139 9 139 -
[19411]Irvine, calif. Micro 800 12/68 0.2-3.0 : 2927 810 3737 -
[19412]WCR 304 1/60 x 5 2 7 x
[19413]Dayton, Ohio 310 5/61 x 8 0 8 x
[19414](8) CR) (ce. 1973) 315 5/62 7.0 285 200 455 -
[19415]315 RMC 9/65 9.0 55 35 90 -
[19416]- #0 5/61 9.7 160 325 485 -
[19417]500 20/65 1.0 1100 1750 2850 -
[19418]251 - - i: - . - -
[19419]Century 50 2/71 1.6 580 0 580 -
[19420]Century 100 9/68 2.6 1175 783 1958 -
[19421]Century 101 12/72 3.7 50 2 51 -
[19422]Century 200 6/69 7.0 575 335 920 -
[19423]Century 300 2/72 21.0 5 5 10 -
[19424]Philco 21000 6/63 x 16 - - x
[19425]Willow Grove, Pa. 200-210, 211 10/58 x 16 - - x
[19426]Jan. 1969 2000-212 1/63 x 12 = = zx
[19427]Raytheon Data Systems Co, 250 12/60 x 15 20 135 x
[19428]Norwood, Mass. 440 3/64 x 20 - - x
[19429](A) (July 1973) 7320 10/65 x 26 1 27 x
[19430]103 10/67 12.5 (s) 179 33 212 Q
[19431]—_—: : 704 3/70 7.2 (S) 300 100 400 40
[19432]nae : 706 5/69 19.0 s) 75 17 92 i
[19433]Standard Computer Corp. I¢ 4000 12/68 9.0 9 0 9 2
[19434]Los Angeles, Calif. IC 6000-6000/E 5/67 16.0 3 0 3 -
[19435](A) (June 1972) Ic 7000 8/70 17.0 4 0 4 2
[19436]I¢-9000 5/71 400.0 Ss 1 o 1 -
[19437]Systems Engineering Laboratories SYSTEMS 810A/8108 6-66 /9-68 1.8/2.6 382 30 412 -
[19438]Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. SYSTEMS 71/72 8-72/9-71 0.9/1.0 19 5 26 -
[19439](A)_ (Sept. 1973) SYSTEMS 85/86 7-72/6-70 6.0/10.0 47 3 50 -
[19440]Texas Instruments Inc. 960 6/70 x - - - x
[19441]Bouston, Tex. 960A uj71 0.2-2,7 - - - . -
[19442](A) (June 1973) 980 5/68 . - - - x
[19444]UNIVAC Div. of Sperry Rand 9200 6/67 1.5 1360 616 1976 -
[19445]Biue Bell, Pa. 9300/9380 . 9/67 3.4 795 675 1470 -
[19446](A) (Aug. 1973) 9400/9480 5/69 7.0 212 228 440 -
[19447]9700 - - 3 u 14 -
[19448]418 TIt 6/63 11.0 4 77 117 -
[19449]494 - - 62 46 108 -
[19450]1106 - - 61 143 . 204 -
[19451]1108 9/65 68.0 163 92 255 -
[19452]1110 - - nu v7 28 -.
[19453]Tél 3/51 6 11/57 x 23 - - x
[19454]File Computers 8/56 x 13 - - Zz
[19455]LARC 5/60 135.0 2 : 0 2 -
[19456]1107, UIZI, 490/1/2,
[19457]- 41811, 1004/5,
[19458]1050, 8s80/90 - x 2063 1442 3505 z
[19459]UNIVAC ~ Series 70 301 2/61 7.0 143 - - -
[19460]Blue Bell, Pa. 501 6/59 14,0-18.0 v7 - - -
[19461](A) (Feb. 1973) 601 11/62 14,0-35.0 ) - - -
[19462]3301 7164 17.0-35.0 ry - - -
[19463]Spectra 70/15, 25 9/65 4.3 18 ~ - -
[19464]Spectra 70/35 1/67 9.2 95 - - -
[19465]Spectra 70/45 11/65 . 22.5 265 - - -
[19466]Spectra 70/46 11/68 33.5 x - - -
[19467]Spectra 70/55 11/66 4.0 10 - - -
[19468]Spectra 70/60 11/70 32.0 18 - - -
[19469]Spectra 70/61 4/70 42.0 7 - - -
[19470]70/2- 3/71 16.0 63 - - -
[19471]70/3 9/71 25.0 7 - - -
[19472]70/6 9/71 25.0 24 - - -
[19473]70/7 12/71 35.0 7 - - -
[19474]EMR 6020 4/65 5.4 15 1 16 0
[19475]EMR 6040 7/65 6.6 6 0 6 0
[19476]EMR 6050 2/66 9.0 15 2 17 0
[19477]EMR 6070 10/66 15.0 7 8 15 o
[19478]EMR 6130 8/67 5.0 34 13 47 0
[19479]EMR 6135 - 2.6 % 5 al 4
[19480]. EMR 6145 - 7.2 - - - 8
[19481]EMR 6140 - - - - - 0
[19482]Vartan Data Wachines 20 Bee
[19483]Newport Beach, Calif. 6204 6/67 x - - 1300 x
[19484](A) (Mar. 1973) R-6201 4/69 - - - 8 -
[19485]520/pc, 5204 12/69;10/68 - - - 500 150
[19486]620/f 11/70 x - ~ 207 z
[19487]620/L, 620/L-00c 4/7139/72 - - - 740 102
[19488]620/£-100 “6/72 - - - 100 43
[19489]620/L=+100 5/72 - - - 200 235
[19490]ae Varian 73 12 = - - 40 39
[19491]Xerox Data Syetens XDS-92 4/65 1.5 43 ry 47 =
[19492]Bl Segundo, Calif. xDS-910 8/62 2.0 170 10 180 -
[19493](8) (RD (Oct. 1973) XDS=920 9/62 2.9 120 12 132 -
[19494]XDS-938 6/64 3.4 159 14 173 -
[19495]XDS+940 6/66 14.0 3. 3 x -
[19496]XDS-9 300 11/64 8.5 25-30° 4 29-34 -
[19497]XDS-530 e/73 7.6 ~- - - -
[19498]Sigma 2 12/66 1.8 163 36 199 -
[19499]Sigma 3 12/69 2.0 21 1 22 -
[19500]Sigma 5 8/67 6.0 32 4 4% -
[19501]Sigma 6 6/70 12.0 3 - - -
[19502]Sigma 7 : 12/66 12,0 xu 7 38 -
[19503]Sigma 8 2/72 - 3 - - -
[19504]Sigma 9 - 35.0 7 - - -
[19506]13-00000
[19508]- . - CALENDAR OF COMING EVENTS
[19510]Nov. 28-30, 1973: 1st Annual Systems Engineering Conference,
[19511]Statler-Hiltan Hotel, New York, N.Y. / contact: Technical Ser-
[19512]vices, AITE, 25 Technology Park/Atianta, Norcross, GA 30071
[19514]Dec. 4-5, 1973: 1973 Vehicular Technology Conference, Sheraton-
[19515]Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio / contact: Robert Wylie, Motorola
[19516]Communications, Inc., 12955 Snow Rd., Cleveland, OH 44130
[19518]Dec. 6-8, 1973: Nationat Symposium on Computer Applications in
[19519]the Juvenile Justice System, Marriott Motor Hotel, Atlanta, Ga. /
[19520]contact: Lawrence A. Boxerman, Project Dir., National Council
[19521]of Juvenile Court Judges, Univ. of Nevada, Box 8000, Reno, NV
[19522]89507
[19524]Dec. 9-11, 1973: Computer Architecture, Flagler inn & Reitz
[19525]Union, Gainesvilie, Fla. / contact: G. Jack Lipovski, 229 Larsen
[19526]weeFell, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601
[19528]dan. 16-18, 1974: 3rd Annual AIIE-MHI Seminar, Marriott Motor
[19530]Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa. / contact: Technical Services, AIJE, 25
[19531]Technology Park/Atlanta, Norcross, GA 30071
[19533]dan. 16-19, 1974: Internepcon/Japan '74, Harumi Convention
[19534]Center, Tokyo, Japan / contact: Industrial & Scientific Conf.
[19535]Mgmt., Inc., 222 W. Adams St., Chicago, IL 60606
[19537]Feb. 12-14, 1974: Computer Science Conference, Detroit Hilton,
[19538]Detroit, Mich. / contact: Seymour J. Wolfson, Computer
[19539]Science Section, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Mi 48202
[19541]Feb. 13-15, 1974: International Solid State Circuits Conference,
[19542]Univ, of Penna., Marriott Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa. / contact: Vir-
[19543]gil Johannes, Bell Labs., Room 3£331, Hotmdel, NJ 07733
[19545]Feb. 19-22, 1974: 3rd Annual National Communications Week
[19546]Convention, Chase-Park Plaza Hotel, St. Louis, Mo. / contact:
[19547]David C. Brotemarkle, Communications Systems Management
[19548]Assoc., 1102 West St., Suite 1003, Wilmington, DE 19801
[19550]Feb. 26-28, 1974: Computer Conference (COMPCON), Jack Tar
[19551]Hotel, San Francisco, Calif. / contact: Jack Kuehler, {BM Corp.,
[19552]P 35, Bidg. 025, Monterey & Cottle Rds., San Jose, CA 95114
[19554]Mar. 25-29, 1974: IEEE International Convention (INTERCON),
[19555]Coliseum & Statler Hilton Hotel, New York, N.Y. / contact:
[19556]J, H, Schumacher, IEEE, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017
[19558]April 3, 1974: Minicomputers — Trends and Applications, Nat'l
[19559]Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md. / contact: Harry Hey-
[19560]man, 738 Whitaker Ter., Silver Spring, MD 20901
[19562]April 8-11, 1974: Computer Aided Design, Int’! Conference & Ex-
[19563]hibition, Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, England / con-
[19564]tact: inst. of Civil Engrs., Great George St., Westminster, Lon-
[19565]don SW1, England
[19567]April 9-11, 1974: Optical Computing Symposium, Zurich, Switzer-
[19568]land / contact: Samuel Horvitz, 80x 274, Waterford, CT 06385
[19570]April 21-24, 1974: International Circuits & Systems Symposium,
[19571]Sir Francis Drake Hotel, San Francisco, Calif. / contact: L. O.
[19572]Chua, Dept. of EE, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, CA 94720
[19574]April 21-24, 1974: 1974 Annual Assoc. for Systems Management
[19575]Conf., Dallas Convention Center, Dallas, Tex. / contact: R. B.
[19576]McCatfrey, ASM, 24587 Bagley Rd., Cleveland, OH 44138
[19578]May 6-8, 1974: Offshore Technology Conference, Astrohall, Hous-
[19579]ton, Tex. / contact: Offshore Tech. Conf., 6200 N. Central Ex-
[19580]Pressway, Dallas, TX 75206
[19582]May 6-10, 1974: 1974 National Computer Conference & Exposi-
[19583]tion, McCormick Place, Chicago, tll. / contact: Dr, Stephen S.
[19584]Yau, Computer Sciences Dept., Northwestern University, Evans-
[19585]ton. IL 60201
[19587]May 13-17, 1974: European Computing Congress (EUROCOMP),
[19588]Brunel Univ., Uxbridge, Middiesex, England / contact: Online,
[19589]Brunel Univ., Uxbridge, Middlesex, England
[19591]May 13-17, 1974: tnternstional Instruments, Electronic and Auto-
[19592]mation Exhibition, Olympia, London, England / contact: tndus-
[19593]trial Exhibitions Ltd., Commonwealth House, New Oxford St.,
[19594]London, WC1A 1PB, England
[19596]June 24-26, 1974: Design Automation Workshop, Brown Palace
[19597]Hotel, Denver, Coto. / contact: ACM, 1133 Ave. of the Amer-
[19598]leas, New York, NY 10036
[19600]June 25-28, 1974: 1974 Annual International Conference & Busi-
[19601]ness Exposition, Minneapolis, Minn. / contact: Data Processing
[19602]Management Assoc., 505 Busse Highway, Park Ridge, IL 60068
[19604]duly 15-19, 1974: 1974 Conference on Frontiers in Education,
[19605]City University, London, England / contact: Conf. Dept., insti-
[19606]tution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Place, London, England
[19607]WC2R OBL , ‘
[19609]July 23-26, 1974: Circuit Theory & Design, IEE, London, Enaland
[19610]/ contact: IGE, Savoy Pi, London WC2R OBL, England
[19612]Aug. 5-10, 1974: IFIP Congress 74, St. Erik's Fairgrounds, Stock-
[19613]holm, Sweden / contact: U.S, Committee for IFIP Congress 74,
[19614]Box 426, New Canaan, CT 06840
[19616]Aug. 5-10, 1974: Medinfo 74, St. Erik's Fairgrounds, Stockholm,
[19617]Sweden / contact: Frank E. Heart, Bolt Beranek and Newman,
[19618]tnc., 50 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA 02138
[19620]Aug. 21-23, 1974: Engineering in the Ocean Environment Interna-
[19621]tional Conf., Nova Scotian Hotei, Halifax, Nova Scotia / contact:
[19622]O. K. Gashus, EE Dept., Nova Scotia Tech, Coil., POB 100, Hali-
[19623]fax, N.S., Canada
[19625]ea
[19627]ADVERTISING INDEX
[19628]Following is the index of advertisements. Each item
[19629]contains: product / name and address of the adver-
[19630]tiser / name of the agency, if any / page number
[19631]where the advertisement appears.
[19633]COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION / Computers and Auto-
[19634]mation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, MA 02160 /
[19635]page 52
[19637]ELECTRONIC RESEARCH CORP., 7618 Wedd, Overland
[19638]Park, KS 66204 / ERC Advertising / page 45
[19640]INSTRUCTIONAL FACULTY OPENINGS / College of
[19641]Petroleum & Minerals, c/o Saudi Arabian Educational
[19642]Mission, 880 Third Ave.—17th Floor, New York, NY
[19643]10022 / page 32 ;
[19645]THE NOTEBOOK ON COMMON SENSE, ELEMENTARY
[19646]AND ADVANCED / published by Computers and Auto-
[19647]mation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, MA 02160 /
[19648]page 7
[19650]RIDE THE EAST WIND: Parables of Yesterday and Today,
[19651]published by Quadrangle/New York Times Book Co. /
[19652]Coinputers and Automation, 815 Washington St., New-
[19653]tonville, MA 02160 / pages 24, 25
[19655]WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING
[19656]/ jointly published by Quadrangle/New York Times
[19657]Book Co., and Berkeley Enterprises, {nc., 815 Washing-
[19658]ton St., Newtonville, MA 02160 / page 51
[19660]13-00000
[19662]‘WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS
[19663]_ AND DATA PROCESSING”
[19665]EDITION 5.2 = 5th EDITION + 2 SUPPLEMENTS ALREADY ISSUED
[19667]THE MOST. ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS IN COMPUTERS
[19668]AND DATA PROCESSING ARE
[19670]PEOPLE
[19672]Consult
[19674]“WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING”
[19675]jointly published by Computers and Automation (Berkeley
[19676]Enterprises, Inc.) and Quadrangle / New York Times Book Co.
[19678]Who are they?
[19679]What do they do?
[19681]‘Where do they do it?
[19683]“Who's Who in Computers and Data Processing” has
[19684]been changed to a periodic subscription basis as follows:
[19686]1. The latest Cumulative Edition (the Sth edition
[19687]published 1971, containing over 15,000 cap-
[19688]sule biographies, over 1,000 pages long, 3
[19689]volumes, hardbound) PLUS
[19691]2. Three Updating Supplements per period totaling
[19692]over 3,000 entries
[19694]Both for $34.50 in any period when a cumulative
[19695]edition is supplied . . . and $15.00 per period when a
[19696]cumulative edition is not supplied.
[19698]BASED ON continual data gathering from computer pro-
[19699]fessionals carried out by Computers and Automation
[19701]This reference is particularly useful for:
[19703]Personnel managers
[19705]Libraries
[19707]Conference planners
[19709]Directors of computer installations
[19710]Suppliers to the computer industry
[19711]Executive search organizations
[19712]Prospective authors
[19714]Prospective speakers . . .
[19716]anyone who needs to keep up with the important people
[19717]in the field.
[19719]Each computer professional has a capsule biography
[19720]detailing: last name: first name and middle initial (if
[19721]any); occupation: year of birth, university education
[19722]and degrees; year entered the computer field: main
[19723]interests; job title; organization and its address; pub-
[19724]lications, honors and memberships: home address.
[19726]We are confident that you will find the subscription
[19727]will repay you many times over. In fact, one day when
[19728]this wealth of material gives you the inside track with
[19729]someone important to you, you'll find the information
[19730]PRICELESS: the most essential component in EDP is
[19731]CAPABLE PEOPLE.
[19733]RETURNABLE IN 10 DAYS FOR FULL REFUND
[19734](if not satisfactory)
[19736]WHO’S WHO IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING
[19737]815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160
[19739]( ) YES, please enroll me as a subscriber to WHO'S WHO
[19741]IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING at
[19742]the following rate:
[19744]() $34.50 including the last cumulative edition
[19745]OR
[19746]( ) $15.00 since | already have access to the fast cum-
[19747]ulative edition
[19748]1 understand that for each period of subscription | shall
[19749]receive three updating supplements, totaling over 3,000
[19750]entriés,
[19751]( ) Payment enclosed { ) Please bill me.
[19752]( ) Please bill my organization
[19754]RETURNABLE IN 10 DAYS FOR FULL REFUND
[19756](if not satisfactory)
[19758]Name ;
[19760]We
[19761]Organization
[19762]Address
[19764]City State & Zip
[19766]Your Signature P.O. No. {if company order)
[19768](may be copied on any piece of paper)— - ~ --—-—--—
[19770]13-00000
[19772](27 pp Or. 33
[19774]WILL YOU HELP?
[19776]cut nere
[19778]Yes, you. It may come as a surprise that you'd be asked
[19779]. but as a reader of Computers & Automation you are
[19780]in a unique position to help us.
[19782]NAMES . . . people, institutions, companies who
[19784]should be interested in 1) the computer industry and/or
[19785]2) seeking truth in information are very much needed to
[19786]join you as readers of C&A.
[19788]Will you tell us who they are? And perhaps even more, will
[19789]you let us use your name in writing to them? But with or
[19790]without your name (we'll only use it if you grant permission)
[19791]we need to know those you think might be interested in also
[19792]reading C&A.
[19794]kK *KX reprint from
[19795]‘and automation
[19797]Science and the Advanced Society, by C. P. Snow, Ministry
[19798]of Technology, London, England (April 1966)
[19799]The Information Revolution and the Bill of Rights, by
[19800]Dr. Jerome B. Wiesner, M.I.T. (May 1971)
[19801]Employment, Education, and the Industrial System, by
[19802]Prof. John Kenneth Galbraith, Harvard Univ. (Aug. 1965)
[19803]Computers and the Consumer, by Ralph Nader,
[19804]Washington, D.C. (Oct. 1970)
[19806]cut here
[19810]B — staple or glue to A
[19811]AND PEOPLE
[19813]COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION
[19815]Newtonville, MA 02160
[19817]POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY BERKELEY ENTEAPRISES, INC.
[19818]815 Washington Street
[19820]BUSINESS REPLY MAIL
[19821]No postage stamp necessary If mailed in the United States
[19823]i
[19824]U
[19825]'
[19826]t
[19827]t
[19829]'
[19830]t
[19833]Cut here
[19835]i
[19836]V
[19837]t
[19841]t
[19842]i
[19843]1 Address.
[19844]'
[19845]'
[19846]t
[19848]bend here and fold
[19850]Please give us their names and addresses on the
[19852]form below or add another sheet of paper. Trim out the
[19854]card with scissors and drop it in the mail. We'll gladly
[19856]pay the postage to learn of possible new friends.” And many
[19857]thanks for your help! Asa token of our appreciation we'll
[19859]send ‘you our **** Reprint.
[19861]P.S. If you Jike you may mail your list separately to:
[19862]R. A. Sykes, Circulation Mgr.
[19863]Computers & Automation & Peopie
[19864]815 Washington Street
[19865]Newtonville, MA 02160
[19867]cut here and tuck in flap
[19868]TO: R.A. Sykes, Circulation Mgr.
[19870]{ suggest you send information on C&A to ... (attach
[19873]'
[19874]i
[19875]t
[19877]} list if you like)
[19879]'
[19881]{1) Name
[19883]City.
[19884](2) Name.
[19886]Address
[19888]City
[19890]1
[19891]Computers & Automation & People
[19892]1
[19894]State ZIP
[19896]State. ZIP
[19898]May we use yourname? OO YES 0) NO
[19900]Fold here — do not cut
[19902]Please give us your name and address on the form below so we can
[19903]send you your ****Reprint. Just cross out the subscription request
[19904]— untess you also want to enter your new or renewal! order.
[19906]YES, start my subscription to
[19908]COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION AND PEOPLE
[19909]according to the instructions checked below.
[19911]One Year (including the Computer Directory and Buyers’
[19912]Guide — 13 issues) U.S. only. 0 $23.50
[19914]One Year (excluding the Computer Directory anc Buyers’ |
[19916]Guide —— 12 issues) U.S. only. O $11.50
[19918]Name:
[19919]Organization:
[19920]Address:
[19922]City:
[19924]Country if not ULS.:
[19925]Signature:
[19927]O Payment enclosed
[19929]OQ Bill me
[19931]Title:
[19933]State: Zip:
[19935]P.O. No..
[19937]O) Renewol
[19938]0 New subscription
[19940]To SPEED the processing of your order, please check che one best
[19941]descripror in each of the rwo categories below. (This information
[19942]will be used for statistical purposes only.)
[19944]BUSINESS TYPE
[19945]O1—Computer Manufacturer
[19946]02—Aerospace © Aircraft |
[19948]jacturer
[19949]O3—Other Manufacturing
[19950]O4—Raw Materials Processing:
[19951](chemical, primary metal.
[19952]petreleum, food, etc.)
[19953]05—Mining and Construction
[19955]O7—Finance. insurance. Publ.,
[19956]and Service Organizations
[19957]G8—Transportation Companies
[19958]03—Public Utilities
[19959]10—Research
[19960]W—Whelesale, Retail, Sales,
[19961]and Marketing Firms
[19962]VWI—Edveational; (College,
[19963]University, or School!
[19965]TA Ravecemens wad Militece
[19967]. 405 FUNCTION
[19969]1—Techaical Management; (computer
[19970]installation management, program
[19971]Management, or engineering mgmt.)
[19973]2—Computer Center Personnel:
[19974](methods & procedure analysts,
[19975]and operators)
[19977]32—Programming Personnel; tsystems,
[19978]application & research programmers)
[19980]4—Protessional: systems analysts,
[19981]Mathematicians, operations
[19982]researchers, and professors)
[19984]S—General Management Executives;
[19985](corporate officers, ewners, and
[19986]partners)
[19988]_G—Eegineering Pergoanel; (systems
[19990]engineers, restarch & development engioeers)
[19992]Students
[19993]S-library, Subscription :
[19995]te eee: Mee
[19999]er"
[20004]i)
[20005]i}
[20009]A — staple or glue to B
[20014]ert here
[20016]13-00000
[20018]6
[20020]It's the first lie detector that
[20021]can be used on a dead
[20022]man. It works on tapes and
[20023]other voice recordings
[20025]2
[20027]by George O'Toole
[20029]; oO. Oo
[20030]ba] °
[20031]RAO ANA AINE
[20032]DODD HH LG
[20033]The rulers of the state are the only ones who should have the privilege of lying, either
[20035]at home or abroad, they may be allowed to lie for the good of the state.
[20036]—Plato: The Repubiic, Book Three
[20038]I's a fittle frightening. The machine can listen to what you're saying and tell, with
[20039]a high degree of reliability, whether or not you are lying. It's called the Psychological
[20040]Stress Evaluator, and it is, in effect. a lie detector. Unlike the polygraph, it. needs
[20041]no physica! connection to the subject; therefore it can be used without his knowledge.
[20042]It works from recordings of his voice, so anything on tape, sound track or phonograph
[20043]record is fair game for the machine. it is the first lie detector that can be used on
[20044]a dead man.
[20046]Early this year, one of these instruments came into my hands. I resolved to use
[20047]it to probe one of the darkest mysteries of recent history, the assassination of President
[20048]John F. Kennedy. | set about collecting every recording | could lay my hands on
[20049]of anyone who had any direct knowledge of the affair. Soon | had compiled the tape-
[20050]recorded testimony of twenty-two persons—eyewitnesses, Dallas policemen, the
[20051]pathologist who conducted the autopsy, members and staff of the Warren Commission,
[20052]Jim Garrison, Clay Shaw, and even Eari Warren.
[20054]Il ran the tapes through the PSE systematically, taking each controversial point in
[20055]turn. Did the rifle which belonged to Lee Harvey Oswald kill President Kennedy?
[20056]Was Oswald the killer? Were others involved? What of those mysterious autopsy photo-
[20057]graphs which the Warren Commission never saw—do they support the Commission's
[20058]lone-gunman, single-bullet theory? And what about the Warren Commission itself?
[20059]Did its members conspire to cover up the truth?
[20061]Slowly a picture emerged. It is blurred, and it is not the picture | expected. Not
[20062]all the details are there, but ! guarantee this: you may believe the lone-gunman theory
[20063]of the Warren Report, or you may believe the government-conspiracy theory of Mark
[20064]Lane, Jim Garrison and others, but either way you are wrong.
[20066]The PSE is not a crystai ball. It was invented as an interrogation aid, a function
[20067]it performs well. To my knowledge, this was the first instance of its use as a tool
[20068]for historical research. To understand what | did with the PSE, one should know some-
[20069]thing about the device itself.
[20071]I tirst heard of the Psychological Stress Evatuator last year, when 1} met two of
[20072]its inventors, Alian D. Bell, Jr., and Charles R. McQuiston. Bell and McQuiston, beth
[20073]former lieutenant colonels, retired from Army Intelligence several years ago to form
[20074]a company called Dekto: Counterintelligence and Security, Inc. It was a logical second
[20075]career for the two men. Both are experts in the technology of espionage. Either one
[20076]could pick the lock on your front door in less time than it takes you to find your
[20077]key. Colonel Bell wears a Black Beit in karate, is an accomplished swordsman and
[20078]small-arms expert, and has a dozen inventions to his credit, from anti-bugging devices
[20079]to a miniaturized microdot camera. Colonel McQuistan is one of the foremost polygraph
[20080]experts inthe U.S., a specialist in radio and audio surveillance, and a Qualified locksmith.
[20082]13-00000
[20084]* . .
[20086]‘The PSE grew from an eflort to improve
[20088]>» polygraph. Standard puygranns
[20089]aSiins voraples. pulse blood pre
[20090]fe, raypu. abon and perspiration. Soins
[20091]10 ™M0eS.019 SadMtonal physioiegical yi
[20092]fe: The move variables measured. 06
[20093]21aiMe the polygraph.
[20094]Bull and Mo Guision discoveréd that ne
[20095]quencies camposing the human voice
[20096]2 not fixed: they shill very siightly from
[20097]wht to founeen times every second. But
[20098]ern tne speaker is under stress, this nor-
[20099]al frequency modulation disappears.
[20100]Jat rerains are the pure comporant fre-
[20101]enc igs or ne ic ce. And a sirong indica-
[20102]ris lying.
[20103]veloped 2 device to
[20104]on and planned to use
[20105]“sheanel" on ine pdly-
[20107]Paes
[20109]ach. Theepene. discovered trai the new
[20110]riabie w ZS sc rsdaole and accurate a
[20111]rasure Of Csychoiogical stress inera was
[20112]ally no més ts measure the other poly-
[20115]Freed from" sssity of siraccing the
[20116]biect inic @ etching a pneumo-
[20117]aphic tube #8 Cnest, gluing eisc-
[20118]des to his ns camping his arm
[20119]ha bieod-; we cuit. the PSE oroved
[20121]be much wi-s versatile than the poly-
[20122]aph. Because it can work from a tele-
[20123]one or tape recorder. the PSE can be
[20124]ed withou! :ne knowiedgs or even the
[20125]ysicai presence of the subject.
[20127]iasked Co!ons: Seiite tell me about some
[20128]the things ‘ns PSE was being used for.
[20129]pecially cases in which a conventional
[20130]lygraph cauidn't be used. He mentioned
[20131]tthe police in Howard County, Maryland,
[20132]ve been using the PSE fortwo years; they
[20133]ve had great success in establishing the
[20134]locence of suspects who were afraid to
[20135]‘bmitto a polygraph examination because
[20136]that machine's forbidding aspect.
[20138]Bell went on to descrine some of his
[20139]‘ention's oirer uses, actual or potential.
[20140]‘ktor and the Federal government are ex-
[20142]mt) é
[20144]“ring its use as a defense against skyjack-
[20146]} and telephoned bomo threats, and as
[20147]neans of speeding up customs inspec-
[20148]ns. Some dectors and psychiatrists are
[20149]ing PSEs to study patients’ physica! and
[20150]intal stress. The National Committee to
[20151]testigate Aerial Phenomena, a private
[20152]wp tiat investigates UFO reports, is
[20153]w using the PSE to interview witnesses
[20154]UFO sightings.
[20156]asked Bell if he would lend me a PSE
[20157]experiment with, in order to write a piece
[20158]out the device. He agreed, with two con-
[20159]ions. First, | must take Dektor's three-day
[20160]arse in cperating the instrument: second,
[20161]er using the PSE, | must review my
[20162]2rpretation of its output with his staff, in
[20163]interest of accuracy. This seemed rea-
[20164]able, so | agreed.
[20166]“he course was held in the meeting room
[20167]@ Holiday Inn in Falls Church, Virginia.
[20168]2 eight other students were employees
[20169]customers who had purchased the
[20170]vice. These included a privat2 detective
[20171]ancy in Pennsvivania. a New York chain
[20173]of an East
[20174]ar owas Miko
[20175]3 crimirougist anc retirad police
[20177]store, and the securily service
[20178]African country. The ins!
[20179]Krad2
[20181]Officer. “radz projects tce tough-cop
[20182]imaqe, fy S asiving + ihe Po-
[20183]Loa joke. Tere is notn:r Forensic
[20185]science. fram
[20186]wince the mar iso “ot Bn Salar.
[20188]Tha first morning of the course was
[20189]devoted to tne physica! oce-aton of the
[20190]PSE. The device is used in csniunciion win
[20191]a Uher tane recorder. whicn hus! curspeads
[20192]and can ce manually. wound dack to locate
[20193]2 particuiar point on the tape. Tne testimany
[20194]to be evaluated is recorded a! 2 taps spesd
[20195]of 72 inches per second, ther niayed bac
[20196]and stopped at the beginning of tne uner-
[20197]ance in quastion. The recordar is siowed
[20198]to 15 16 inches per secend and piayed. The
[20199]sound, no fonger recognizab:e as a human
[20200]voice. is a long. low rumble.
[20202]The PSE itselfis duiltints an attaché case.
[20203]The case opens to reveal 2 chart crive. sim-
[20204]ilar to an electrocardiograon. and anumoder
[20205]of buttons and knobs. A singie cable con-
[20206]nects the PSE to the tape recordar.
[20208]As the tape recorder reels siowly turn,
[20209]and a rumble issues from its speaker. the
[20210]PSE stylus dances back and forth across
[20211]the moving chart paper, !eaving behind a
[20212]ragged trail. Then the reccrcer is stopped,
[20213]the chart paper is stopped, and that's all
[20214]there is to it. The result is a strip of paper
[20215]with a squiggly line. The rest is up to the
[20216]human eye and brain.
[20218]On the afternoon of the first day, Kradz
[20219]showed us what to look for. The unstressed
[20220]voice looks like an untrimmed hedge, with
[20221]stalks of different heights sticking up (and
[20222]down) at irregular intervals. But add some
[20223]stress, and that hedge begins to look
[20224]trimmed. The greater the stress, the
[20226]6
[20228]The more | read,
[20229]the more ! doubted
[20230]the official account of
[20231]what happened
[20232]that day in Dallas
[20234]9
[20236]smoother the shape. If the subject was
[20237]e,osriencing the hard stress which accom-
[20238]panies deception, the over-all outline of the
[20239]figure tends to take on a rectangular shape,
[20240]a concertina as seen by the piayer. Kradz
[20241]showed slide after slide of chans made dur-
[20242]ing actual! police interrogations. He told us
[20243]the background of each case and pointed
[20244]Out the tell-tale signs of deception, when-
[20245]ever they were present.
[20247]‘That night each student took a PSE back
[20248]to his room to practice operating it. Same
[20249]coordination must be learned to become
[20250]facile in handling the recorder and the PSE,
[20251]but clearly the difficult part of the course
[20252]would be learning how to read and interpret
[20253]the charts.
[20255]The next dav we learnad tne theory of
[20257]oAy.on
[20259]pciygraph interrogation, which appii
[20260]the PSE Thare ic, first of ail, the
[20261]the “oulsice issue.”
[20263]Most peapie. Xrudz pointed out, have
[20264]some sort of ween secret they doen't wart
[20265]known. Wher ra ceu wits 2 solvgraph axaini-
[20266]nauon. a person May Of More concemei
[20267]that this outsice issue May come bgnt
[20268]man he is about the actual substance of
[20269]ing interrogation, This can produce irreie-
[20270]vant stress in some of nis answers, and mis-
[20271]'eag the examiner. Therefore it is is neces-
[20272]sary for the examiner to interview the sub-
[20273]ject cefore the examination, go over aii ot
[20274]the QLestions na intends to ask. and assure
[20275]the subject he wili ask only thes? questions
[20277]thad reason to remember this fater, .
[20278]Il ran my first real interrogation taps.
[20280]The interregatior always includes the
[20281]Question. “Are you afraid that | will ask you
[20282]about something we have not discusseo?”
[20283]A negative answer with no sign of stress
[20284]eliminates the outside-issue prodiem. Also,
[20285]the examiner always asks some innocuous
[20286]questions, such as, “Do you tike the color
[20287]blue?" in order to observe the subject's
[20288]general state of tension. And there is always
[20289]one “red-herring”™ question.
[20291]The red herring is used to identiiy the
[20292]“guilt complex responder.” Such 2 person
[20293]shows stress when he responds to any
[20294]accusatory question. The examiner may
[20295]ask, “Did you steal the watch?" when it is
[20296]money, not a waich, that is missing. A
[20297]stressed denial will alert the examiner, who
[20298]carefully compares this response to the
[20299]stress produced by questions about the
[20300]missing money.
[20302]That night the class was given tapes of
[20303]real police interrogations. In most cases,
[20304]Kradz was the examiner: and in every case,
[20305]he knew the background and resolution of
[20306]the matter. One case | was assigned con-
[20307]cerned a young man accused of stealing
[20308]money from his father's store. Kradz started
[20309]by asking the “outside-issue” question. No,
[20310]the young man replied, he was not afraid
[20311]Kradz would asx him a question they hadn't
[20312]discussed. Then the following exchange
[20313]took place:
[20315]“Do you live in Howard County?"
[20317]“Yes.”
[20319]“Do you suspect someone of having taken
[20320]the money?”
[20322]“No.”
[20324]“Are you wearing a white shirt?"
[20326]“Yes.”
[20328]“Do you know who took the money?”
[20330]“No.”
[20332]“Are you wearing a ring?"
[20334]"Yes."
[20336]“Did you take the money?"
[20337]“No.”
[20339]vs tu
[20340]matter of
[20342]-'
[20344]when
[20346]There were a few red-herring questions
[20347]to check for the guilt cdmplex response
[20348]The questions about wearing a white shirt
[20349]and aring and living in Howard County had
[20350]been included to measure the background
[20351]stress elicited by irrelevant issuas.
[20353]| ran the tape and charted it on the PSE.
[20354]All but two of his responses were un-
[20355]stressed The quactian ahaut cucnactian
[20357]13-00000
[20359]3.took the money produced enough
[20360]iss to indicate deception. The other
[20361]istion which produced stress was, “Are
[20362]Wearing a ring?” In fact. his yes to that
[20363]3 accqmpanted ay such stress as | had
[20364]monly once of twice in the class slides.
[20365]he next morning Kradz called on me.
[20366]'the suspect take the money, he asked.
[20367]tid | didn't think so. Kradz nodded. Did
[20368]suspect who took the money? Yes, |
[20369]ught he did. Vary good, said Kradz. Did
[20370]stice anythirg eise about the interroga-
[20371]1? Well, yas, there was this business
[20372]yut the ring. Perhaps the suspect had
[20373]ien it. Kradz smiled. No, the kid hadn't
[20374]en the ring, Dut he was gay. He had
[20375]changed rings with another guy. Nobody
[20377]thai the soeaker had told the truth. However,
[20378]sinc2 interrogation witn a PSE seemed to
[20379]require such an claborate and structured
[20380]situation. | wondered if it could be used
[20381]the way | had hoped, as a tool for historical!
[20382]research.
[20384]During the lunch break | took Kradz aside
[20385]and asked him. Could the PSE de used out-
[20386]side interrogations, where the speaker was
[20387]telling what may ar may not have hap-
[20388]pened? Yes, he said, the PSE could be used
[20389]for that. Where there was no siress, | could
[20390]be confident that the speaker was telling
[20391]the truth. However, when ! did find stress,
[20392]| had to be very careful about reaching con-
[20393]clusions aboutits cause; it could result from
[20394]something other than deception. But if!
[20396]| hoped tnat Jim Garrison would prove that
[20397]he had solved the mystery. He didn't. Time
[20398]Passed, public interest waned, and the
[20399]details of the controversy dimmed in my
[20400]mind, leaving only a dull residue of doubt.
[20401]| had despaired of ever learning tn truth.
[20402]Now | know what to do with the PSE.
[20404]it was all there: the statements made
[20405]before television cameras by eyewitnesses,
[20406]policeman. medical examiners, members
[20407]of the Warren Commission. Somewhere in
[20408]a network-television vault were the sound
[20409]tracks, with the tiny, inaudible variations in
[20410]voice frequency that could settle once and
[20411]for all the question, “Did Oswaid, acting
[20412]alone, shoot and kill John F. Kennedy?”
[20414]My immediate problem was getting
[20416]‘w about it. The kid didn't really expect
[20417].e asked about it. because Kradz had
[20418]ve over all the questions with him. Still,
[20419]an the ring was mentioned, he panicked.
[20420]ty the third Cay of the course, |hac begun
[20421]jive some thought to what | might do
[20422]1 the PSE. | was particularly interested
[20423]1e fact that the device works from a tape
[20424]ording. Sound-recarding technology is
[20425]ost a Century old (Edison invented the
[20426]mMograph in 1877), and an enormous
[20427]dunt of history is stored on phonograph
[20428]ords. sound tracks, and tace and wire
[20429]ordings. | thought how many press con-
[20430]2nces, interviews and public pronounce-
[20431]‘ts are stored away in the film and tape
[20432]hives of the world, and how many ques-
[20433]1s could be settled if we knew for certain
[20435]found a stress pattem in the testirnony of
[20436]several witnesses to the same event, | would
[20437]very probably have uncovered deception.
[20439]Encouraged, | reviewed the list of recent
[20440]mysteries. Watergate was, of course. the
[20441]first to come to mind. The ITT ajfair was
[20442]also of recent interest. The Kent State inci-
[20443]dent had never been fully cleared up. But
[20444]one subject seemed to loom above all the
[20445]rest—the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
[20447]Like many others, | have found it difficult
[20448]to believe the Warren Report. When Mark
[20449]Lane's book came out, | read it carefully.
[20450]t read much of the other criticism of the
[20451]Warren Commission's findings. The more
[20452]! read, the more | doubted the officia! ac-
[20453]count of what happened that day in Dallas.
[20454]| waited for the real story to emerge. tt didn't.
[20456]Voice prints bythe .
[20457]Psychological Stress Evaluator
[20458]of former chief justice
[20460]Ear! Warren in May, 1972
[20461]indicating hard stress on
[20463]the words "no evidence.”
[20466]TELUGENCE ANO SECURITY INC,
[20468]access to the recordings. | was certain the
[20469]television networks would have them, but
[20470]| wasn’t sure exactly what to ask for. There
[20471]must be thousands of hours of sound
[20472]recordings relating to the assassination.
[20473]Where, among ail this talk, was the critical
[20474]testimony? .
[20476]| started digging and soon discovered
[20477]the existence of a group called the National
[20478]Committee to Investigate Assassinations.
[20479]located in Washington, D.C. ! called the
[20480]number listed in the telephone directory
[20481]and was soon speaking t6 Bob Smith, the
[20482]Committee's Research Director. t told Smith
[20483]that! was a writer and wanted to do a piece
[20484]on the John F. Kennedy assassination. |
[20485]asked him for an interview, and he agreed.
[20487]We mat in the offices of Bernard Fenster-
[20489]13-00000
[20493]Id. a suc ces sful criminal lawyer and
[20494]‘ector of tha Committee, in a modern
[20495]2 building a few blocks from the White
[20496]use. Fensto>y ald is asmail. dapper man
[20497]ha thin Seard. Smith is a lean, intense
[20498]ain smother. Soin men appeared to be
[20499]their forties.
[20501]‘Before we “Ysaid. “I think | shouid
[20502]mtion th. = to work for tne CIA.”
[20503]have run across it often, the theory thai
[20504]CIA KE Kennedy. It seems BDSYTG
[20505]me. and | ‘ave it. Pwvorked tnere
[20508]1g sugge me Agency was involved
[20509]the assa on. | naver met anyone
[20510]re! hous ac'e af dosing it. Su.
[20511]ave learnes wrrough bitter exseriance of
[20512]: suspicion ns atacnes to former in-
[20513]ligence of* igemics of paranoia
[20516]better get +
[20517]Smith anc
[20519]us rough life. | thought
[20520]ssue out of the way.
[20521]sterwald exchanged
[20522]inces and sed. Fenstervaid told me.
[20523]itthey did not ~ecessarily believe the CIA
[20524]sassin thecry. an they certainly didn't
[20525]nd talking to 2 ‘ormer Agency employee.
[20526]Relieved. | coger te outline my project.
[20527]sked if they had heard of the PSE. Both
[20528]m were dimiy aware of it. | described
[20529]: device and started to cetail the way it
[20530]uld be used as a research too!. They im-
[20531]diately understood whaii was proposing
[20532]d were trernancously enthusiastic. Yes.
[20533]xy said, there were many key statements
[20534]tape somewhere. and they would be glad
[20535]compile specific references for me.
[20536]rthermore, they could. in some cases,
[20537]wide me with the tape. They said they
[20538]‘uld be in contact when they had some-
[20539]ng for me.
[20540]Nhile | was waiting, | experimented with
[20541]2 PSE. ! teiepicned a friend and toid him
[20542]out the device. | asked if he was willing
[20543]play a little game to test it out, and he
[20544]reed. He picked a number between one
[20545]dten. | asked him, “Is the number one?”
[20546]. the number two?” and so on. and he
[20547]swered no each time. | recorded his
[20548]sponses, ran them through the PSE and
[20549]lied him back. The number he picked,
[20550]old him, was five.
[20552]He was dumbfounded. He had not heard
[20553]the PSE and had thought | might be con-
[20554]cting some elaborate joke at his expense.
[20555]itwhen | catied back and correctly iden-
[20556]ed the number he had picked, he realized
[20557]fas serious. And he was shocked.
[20559]I played the same game several times
[20560]th others and did not always have similar
[20561]ccess. With Bernard Fenstenvald, ! was
[20562]ile only to narrow the answer down to two
[20563]mbers, on of which turned out to be cor-
[20565]Fan
[20567]PENTHOUSE
[20569]rect. With others | have heen compleiely
[20570]unable to identify the nght number The
[20571]problem with this game ‘s that the playar
[20572]BOOS ‘Rat is just that. He knows that !
[20573]né i ying, itisa socially acceptable
[20574]situation and inere is noihirg at slake. The
[20575]stress wnich accompanies real Geception
[20576]is nct alweys present.
[20578]! onptamnec a tace recording trom CBS
[20579]News of a portion of 2 Sixty Minutes program
[20580]in which Mike Wallace interviewed Clifford
[20581]irving. The interview took place during the
[20582]height of the controversy. whiie Irving was
[20583]still claiming to have gotten Howard
[20584]Hughes tife story through a series of inter-
[20585]views with the billionaire. lt was a consum-
[20587]mate job of lying. embeliished with such -
[20589]convincing details as Irving s cisagrsement
[20590]with his colleague Susskind about wheiher
[20591]Hughes kect his craanic prunes in a paper
[20593]@ piastic bag. Sixty Minutes re-ran the
[20594]segment after Irving's confession because
[20595]the man’s sheer virtuosity as a prevaricator
[20596]was amazing. | was interested in the inter-
[20597]view for a different reason: at the height
[20598]of the controversy. Irving had been given
[20599]a poiygraph examinaticn and had passed
[20600]it. }wanted to see if the man who had beaten
[20601]the conventional lie detector could also
[20602]beat the PSE.
[20604]| selected a point in the interview at which
[20605]Mike Wailace suggested that Irving had not
[20606]interviewed Howard Hughes, but had hap-
[20607]pened on some transcripts of Hughes state-
[20608]ments. Irving asked how he could have hap-
[20609]pened on them. Wallace rejoined. “Where
[20610]did you happen on those transcripts?” Irv-
[20611]ing replied, “! got the transcripts from
[20612]Howard Hughes.” | charied this statement
[20613]on the PSE.
[20615]It was a perfect example of total stress,
[20616]horizontally blocked, with the smooth,
[20617]“trimmed-hedge” wave form. Clifford Irving
[20618]was a master liar. and he had beaten the
[20619]polygraph, but he would have been caught
[20620]by the PSE.
[20622]A few days after our first meeting,
[20623]received a call from Bob Smith. He ae
[20624]turned up a few things for me. | visited him
[20625]at the Committee's office in downtown
[20626]Washington. He gave me a tape recording
[20627]and a typewritten transcript. The recorcing
[20628]was the Louis Lomax television program of
[20629]Sunday, October 16, 1966. Wesley Lieoler,
[20630]a member of the Warren Commission's staff,
[20631]was the guest. The transcript was of a CBS
[20632]News television program entitled The War-
[20633]ren Report, which had been broadcast in
[20634]four one-hour segments on June 25, 26, 27
[20635]and 28. 1967.
[20637]| examined the transcript. The pregrams
[20638]had been narrated by Walter Cronkite and
[20639]other CBS newsmen. They reviewed every
[20640]major point of controversy that had been
[20641]raised by the critics of the Warren Report,
[20642]inerviewing eyewitnesses. Dallas police-
[20643]Men, medical examiners, ballistic special-
[20644]ists and many others who had some inside
[20645]knewledge of the assassination of John F.
[20646]Kennedy. For what | had in mind, it was
[20647]a gold mine. | telephoned CBS and learned
[20648]that | could get a copy of the program's
[20650]sounctrack if tf would pay for the dubbirg
[20651]charges. | told them to go ahaad.
[20653]Next | played the Lomaa-Liabier
[20654]Apparant'y Mark Lane had ¢ :
[20655]earier Loma orogram, and:
[20656]was on to retct him. I didn't:
[20657]to anow thai Liebier was siressoo
[20658]seamed vary
[20659]audibly irdica:
[20660]about the things Lane hag said. the oues-
[20661]vons Lomax was asking him. a dt ine reac-
[20662]ticn of tne studio audience. Given! nony
[20663]emotiona! state. ne did not s2em 2 very
[20664]promising subject for the PSE. Nenetheiess.
[20665]! decided to give it a try.
[20667]Charting a tape with the PSE is a icng
[20668]and tedisus process. andit was impracticai
[20669]to chart the entire program. ! ran some of
[20670]Liebler's statements which were not in cis-
[20671]puie and discovered, as | had ex¢scisd.
[20672]a great deal of stress. He was oretty
[20673]charged up.
[20675]Most of the exchange between Liebler.
[20676]Lomax and the audience was argumenta-
[20677]tive and did not dea! with specific factual
[20678]points. | found two key statemsnts by Lied-
[20679]ler, though, and | charted them.
[20681]The first statement, in response to a aues-
[20682]tion by Lomax, was, “| have no doubt about
[20683]the conclusions of the [Warren] Resort.”
[20684]Plenty of stress was evident. but nor much
[20685]more than in other statements.
[20687]The second statement related to those
[20688]Warren Commission documents which were
[20689]not included in the Report—they were
[20690]locked up in the National Archives. Lomax
[20691]asked Liebler if there was anything in the
[20692]documents which would alter Liebler’s
[20693]opinion. Taken titerally, it was a strange
[20694]question, since Liebler had seen the docu-
[20695]ments and, if they would alter his opinion.
[20696]they would already have dene so. Lomax
[20697]probably meant to asx if the decuments
[20698]would conflict with the conclusions of the
[20699]Warren Report. Whatever Liebler thought
[20700]the question meant, he answered quickly.
[20701]“Oh, none, none at ail." The PSE showed
[20702]much more stress here than during any of
[20703]Liebler's other statements.
[20705]It was all pretty confused and fuzzy. and
[20706]it didn't tall me more than I'd already known:
[20707]Wesley Liebler was pretiy upset when he
[20708]appeared on the Louis Lomax pregram. !
[20709]hoped that the CBS tapes would yiela more
[20710]enlightening results.
[20712]| finally received a call from CBS's
[20713]Washington office saying the tapes had
[20714]arrived. | broke a few traitic laws getting
[20715]there to pick up the tapes and- “returning
[20716]to my apartment. | had already selecied the
[20717]points | wanted to check from the transcvipt
[20718]of the program. | mounted the first tape on
[20719]the recorder. ran it down to the first point
[20720]of interest. and turned on the PSE.
[20722]For the next three days and nights. | ran
[20723]charts. When | finished, i had a splitting
[20724]headache, my kitchen flodr was ankle deep
[20725]in chart paper, but | had a much clearer
[20726]idea of what did ard did not happen that
[20727]day in Datlas.
[20729]Before | describe my results. { feel that
[20730]! must offer the reader a few comments and
[20733]SY
[20735]Pew mM
[20738]13-00000
[20740]machine penave
[20741]Lis way, My onosject
[20742]nmi to do $9.
[20744]nonstrate witn ha PSE
[20745]suing the traut than to
[20746]. Stress can 52 caused by
[20747]“an deception: but the
[20749]SS the ab-
[20750]oO an extremely reliable
[20751]cé ‘ulness. Of course, the
[20752]en 3 dees not prove that a
[20753]ar
[20755]ie)
[20756]_ only that the speaker
[20757]2.
[20759]1D 4
[20762]. Stes in tne testimeny
[20763]"t The same avent makes
[20764]prosaniiity ovenvnelming
[20765]zi tham were lying.
[20766]yese points iiuic met be beter illus-
[20767]2d than . oy tne Jim Gar-
[20768]n-Clay Sr2. +/ai:
[20769]iarrison, it: ce recalled. was the New
[20770]sans District Attorney who, in 1967,
[20771]med io have stived tne Kennedy assas-
[20772]ation. He o-esenied en elaborate case
[20773]inst afec= cusinessmaen. Clay Shaw.
[20774]others. as ~2~c2rs ofan assassination
[20775]Spiracy. In one of the hour-long pro-
[20776]ms, CBS interviewed Garrison, Shaw,
[20777]two other ceocie involved in Garrison's
[20778]Qaiicns.
[20779]this interviaw. Garrison was hostile and
[20780]not Make macy firm, faciual statements
[20781]uld test with the PSE. However, he did
[20782], “There's no question about it [that he
[20783]w how the assassination had been car-
[20784]oul] .2. we know the key individuals
[20785]iived ... thera is no question about the
[20786][the conspirators] were there [in Dealy
[20787]zaj." The PSE snowed good to hard
[20788]. $S on each oF these statements. | also
[20789]" @ noncociroversial statement of Gar-
[20790]nsasacecr “Oswaid was nct killed
[20791]@ [at the movie theater where he was
[20792]‘sted].” anc found no stress. Garrison's
[20793]ements acest nis case against Clay
[20794]wr strongly inc:cated deception
[20795]extlrans- statements by C:ay Snaw
[20796]ying his im.civement in such a conspir-
[20797]. and Gert, icy ever knowing or meating
[20798]Haney Oswatd. | also ran a contrel
[20799]erent Shaw turned out to be neaviiy
[20800]ssed thee ughout. ;
[20801]is was No! particularly surprising. The
[20802]y had been accused of conspiring to
[20803]‘der tne President of the United States
[20804]was being interviewed about it befcre
[20805]vision - ras. He would have to have
[20806]fh a pretty ceol customer not to show
[20807]+ of sttess. even if he were telling the
[20809]inding that ooth Garrison and Shaw
[20810]wed siress was not an encouraging
[20815]VBeEveliOpmeal Wt COUrse, ME) mren Courd
[20816]ce fying. Garrisan might have found come
[20817]! gvidence linking Snaw to the assazsi-
[20818]nation and then, in the tir:e-honored tradi-
[20819]tion of prosecutors. invenied the rest of his
[20820]case But Siiaw’s stress could easily be the
[20821]result of his predicament, and Garrison's
[20822]might also Se the result cf some outside
[20823]Issud. The situation was amciquous.
[20825]tne testimony of Lee Odom. Odom.
[20826]a = businessman, was attempting to
[20827]ne mysterious csincidsnce cf the
[20829]office box numbers it seems that the
[20831]appeared in tne notes.oks of both Clay
[20832]Shaw ara Lee Haney Oswald. In his tes-
[20833]timonv. Oacm stated ‘he could not
[20834]gcccutt for ine mumbs appearing in
[20835]Oswa!d's noiebook. he knew now it got into.
[20836]Shaw's. It was Odom’s 00x number. and
[20837]he hac given it to Snaw. whom he'd met
[20838]by chance on a business trip to New
[20839]Orleans. The PSE showed hard stress dur-
[20840]ing nis statement. No unreiated control
[20841]statement was availaple for me to run tor
[20842]comparison.
[20844]This didn't realiy clear things up. There
[20845]were several obvious alternative explana-
[20846]tions for Odom’s stress. For example, there
[20848]6
[20850]Deception is not proved
[20851]by ‘stress, but given
[20852]enough witnesses’ testimony,
[20853]the PSE is able
[20854]to arrive at the truth
[20856]2%
[20858]had been a number of rather unsavory
[20859]allegations in the press about Clay Shaw,
[20860]unrelated to the Garrison charges. Odom
[20861]may nave felt extremely uncomfortable
[20862]about linking himseifto this man in any way.
[20863]The coincidence of the box numbers
[20864]seemed very suspicious, but Bob Smith of
[20865]the Committee had pointed out to me that
[20866]both Shaw's and Oswald's notebooks were
[20867]filled with numbers. so the chance of such
[20868]a coincidence was act that remote.
[20870]At this point | began tc wonder if the tele-
[20871]vision camera was the “outside issue” in
[20872]every case. Perhaps just deing cn television
[20873]will so thoroughly rattle the average person
[20874]that. lying or not. he is going to show stress
[20875]on the PSE. | checked this out by recording
[20876]and charting a number of people on tele-
[20877]vision programs—public officials. men in
[20878]the street. even witnesses to a particulariy
[20879]gryesome accident. There was occasional
[20880]stress. but it never reached the high level
[20881]1 was finding in the assassination tapes.
[20883]| also recalled something else which put
[20884]my mind to rest on this point: the PSE had
[20885]been used to analyze the statements of con-
[20887]tesiaM{s On tng television program 1c re:
[20888]Tre Trata, and identified “the real Mr. So-
[20889]and-so" with ep accuracy of better tnan 94
[20890]percent. Tne problem obviously sas rst the
[20891]tglevisicn camera.
[20893]fran the testimony of Wiliam Gurvich on
[20894]the PSE Gurvich had oven Garrison's chief
[20895]aide in tre investigation of Ciay Snae unt!
[20896]ne resigned. cnarging Garrison wilh wrong-
[20897]doing. He said. “The truta as | see it is that
[20898]Mr. Snaw snou!d revernave been arrested.”
[20899]He was asned it Garrison had known cf cer-
[20900]tain illegal and unewsical methods Gurvicn
[20901]nad alleged were being used by Garrison's
[20902]staff He answered, Yean. of course he did.
[20903]He ordered it.” There was no stress in Mr.
[20904]Gurvith’s statements. The PSE shoved that
[20905]he p2:iaved wnat he was saying.
[20907]Obviously | did not have enough tes-
[20908]timony from a iaras Enough number ci wiit-
[20909]nesses to create a datailed picture of the
[20910]Garrison—Shaw affair. out it seems probabie
[20911]that, at the very least. Garrison cid nci have
[20912]much of a case against Snavw (a view later
[20913]held cy a New Orleans jury) and tixely that
[20914]Shaw was comoleteily innocent of complic-
[20915]itv in the assassinaticn. Tne lesson of this
[20916]episode is twofold. First. stress in anv one
[20917]person’s testimony does not prove cecep-
[20918]tion. Second. given enough testimony dy
[20919]different witnesses, the PSE can arrive at
[20920]the truth.
[20922]The first person | ran on. the PSE who had
[20923]any direct knowledge of the assassination
[20924]was Oswald's widow, Marina. Unfortu-
[20925]nately, only one of her statements was on
[20926]the CBS tapes—that Oswald had owned a
[20927]rifle. The PSE said she was telling the truth.
[20929]The rifle had been one of the major points
[20930]of controversy raised by critics of the War-
[20931]ren Report. The debate centered on two
[20932]points: whether the Manniicher-Carcano
[20933]alleged to have belonged to Oswald was
[20934]the rifle found by the Dallas police in the
[20935]Texas Schoo! Book Depository, and wnether
[20936]that particular gun could have been the mur-
[20937]der weapon. .
[20939]On the tapes, Darrell C. Tomlinson. an
[20940]employes of Parkiand Hospital, testified
[20941]thathe had found a rifle buliet ona strafcher
[20942]which he believed had carried Governor
[20943]Tonnally. Ther2 was no siress in his state-
[20944]ment. The PSE said he was telling the trutn.
[20946]Or. Joseph D. Nicol. Superintendent of
[20947]the Bureau of Criminal Investigation for the
[20948]State of lilinois. ran ballistic tests on Buliet
[20949]fragments found in the presidential timou-
[20950]sine. and on the intact bullet found by Tom-
[20951]linscn. Nicel testified that both the intact
[20952]bullet and the bullet fragments had been
[20953]tired by tne Mannlicher-Carcano. He. too.
[20954]was apparently felling the truth.
[20956]Depuly Constable Seymour Weitzman of
[20957]the Dallas police claimed that he found
[20958]Oswaid'’s Mannlicher-Carcano on the sixth
[20959]ficor of tne Texas School Book Depository.
[20960]However. on the day of the assassination.
[20961]he had.to:d the press that the rifie he'd isuna
[20962]was a German Mauser. The following day
[20963]he signed an affidavit to that effect. dut on
[20964]the CBS tapes he testified that he nad been
[20965]mistaken about that point, that it had really
[20967]13-00000
[20969]én Oswaid's rifle. The PSE showed con-
[20970]stress in his statomenis.
[20972]man Gerald L. Hill testified that he
[20973]und tivze spent oullot hulls on the floor
[20974]neat. lhe window from which the fatal
[20975]1ots allegedly were fired. The PSE showed
[20976]id stress in his statements.
[20978]The rifie was one of the principal points
[20979]sod by the Warren Commission to link
[20980]swald to the assassination. The PSE sub-
[20981]antiated the testimony that Oswaid owned
[20982]rifle and that the evidence supplied to
[20983]ballistics expert indicated this rifle was
[20984]e@ murder wearon. However, the PSE did
[20985]rt subs:antiate the controversial claims of
[20986]allas pstice ragarding the discovery of
[20987]_ is evidence.
[20989]The hospital emoloyee was apparently
[20990]Hing the truth when he recounted finding
[20991]@ bullet on a stretcher at Parkland Hospi-
[20992]1, but meee O° cs have charged that the
[20993]‘let had fisen de:iberately planted there.
[20994]iis is the famous “‘singie bullet” which the
[20995]arren Refer: says passed tnrough the
[20996]sdies of bath ira President and Governor
[20997]onnally, and tnen iodged in Connaily's
[20999]rist. Severai researchers have tried to
[21000]peat this, icing tne same type of bullet
[21001]tothe wrists adaver. Tne bullets never
[21002]mained peest'y iniact, as the one found
[21003]ithe streich “2y became twisted lumps
[21005]lead and cooper. .
[21007]The secons iink b2iween Oswald and the
[21008]aSassinaticn !s tne charge that he killed
[21009]Hicer Tippitt 2 Datlas policeman, while
[21010]2eing from ins scene of the first shooting.
[21011]number of eyewitnesses have testified
[21012]atthey saw Oswald shoot Tippitt, and one
[21013]them, Domingo Benavides. was inter-
[21014]awed on the CBS tapes. He was asked
[21015]there was any doubt! in his mind that
[21016]swald was the man he saw shoot Tippitt.
[21017]2 tepliec. “No. sir, there was no doubt
[21018]all." There was absolutely no stress in
[21019]s statement. He was telling the truth.
[21020]The killing of Officer Tippitt by Oswaid
[21021]48 fueled the fires of controversy over the
[21022]arren Repor. Tippitt was far from his usual
[21023]- 2at when he was shot. Some witnesses
[21024]ive alleged that Tiopitt and Oswald were
[21025]ren together in Jack Ruby's nightclub.
[21026]ley thacrize that the three men were part
[21028]an assassination conspiracy, and that
[21029]ppitt had been sent to silence Oswald,
[21030]it had been beaten to the draw.
[21032]The Dallas police radio dispatcher,
[21033]lficer Murray Jackson, was asked if he
[21034]ought Tippitt knew Oswald. “No,” he
[21035]plied. “t don't think he knew Oswald.” Did
[21036]ickscn know Oswald? “No,” answered
[21037]ickson, “I didn't either.” The PSE showed
[21038]tavy stress in both statements.
[21040]Perhaps the greatest! source of con-
[21041]wersy over the Warren Report is it's claim
[21042]at all the shots were fired by one gunman.
[21043]ome eyewitnesses claim to have heard
[21044]tots and seen gunsmoke in the area of
[21045]tow hillock ahead and to the right of the
[21046]‘esidential motorcade. This hillock has
[21047]sme to be known as “the grassy knoll.”
[21048]ne of these witnesses was a railroad
[21049]orker named S.M. Holland, who observed
[21051]the scene from an overpass near the knoll.
[21052]The PSE confirmed that he thought he had
[21053]seen a puit of smoke on the knoll, but it
[21054]cculd not support his claim that he had
[21055]heard a shot from that direction.
[21057]Another witness, Charles Brehm, was
[21058]quoted by Mark Lane as having said that
[21059]he had seen a portion of the President's
[21060]skill flying hack over the left rear end of
[21061]the limousine. Lane offered this as evidence
[21062]of a shot from the grassy knoll. On the CaS
[21063]tapes, Brehm stated heatedly that he had
[21064]been quoted out of context, and emphatic-
[21065]ally denied that any shots had come from
[21066]the knoll. Despite his emotional! state, there
[21067]was almost no stress in this statement.
[21069]Officer Jacks of the Dallas police, who
[21070]was riding in the limousine of Vice-
[21071]President Johnson. denied that any of the
[21072]shots had come from the direction of the
[21073]grassy knoll. The PSE turned up a fair de-
[21074]gree of stress.
[21076]Three witnesses, Mrs. Caroline Walther,
[21077]Arnold Rowland and Howard Brennan,
[21078]claimed to have seen gunmen in the win-
[21079]dows of the Texas Schoo! Book Depository
[21080]building. Mrs. Walther said she saw two
[21081]men, one armed with a rifle, the second
[21085]Chief Justice Warren:
[21086]“We expiored both these
[21087]theories and found
[21088]no evidence that
[21089]either group was involved”
[21091]9
[21093]with a shorter gun. Rowland told the Warren
[21095]Commission he had seen two men, one an
[21096]elderly Negro, in the window Oswaid is
[21097]alleged to have fired from, but on the CBS
[21098]tapes he claimed he had seen an armec
[21099]man ata different window. The Commission
[21100]relied heavily on the testimony of Brennan,
[21101]who claimed to have seen a gunman in the
[21102]“Cswaid window” actually firing the last of
[21103]the shots. The PSE showed hard stress in
[21104]the testimony of all three witnesses.
[21106]The PSE analysis of the eyewitnesses’
[21108]testimony regarding the source of the snots
[21109]is ambiguous. It supports Holland's claim
[21110]to have seen a puff of smoke on the knoll.
[21111]and Brehm’'s denial that any shots came
[21112]from that direction, and it raises serious
[21113]doubts about all other claims and counter-
[21114]claims. This contradiction seems to result
[21115]from the notorious unreliability of eyewit-
[21116]nesses, perhaps compounded by a fair
[21117]amount of fabrication. Deception, if it is
[21118]present here, may have been motivated
[21119]merely by a desire for attention. Or there
[21120]may have been darker reasons.
[21121]. There is, however, other evidence and
[21122]testimony that could shed some light on the
[21123]existence, number and location of assas-
[21124]sins other than Oswald. This brings us to
[21125]perhaps the most dubious and controversial!
[21126]element in the Warren Commission's ver-
[21127]sion of the event—the autopsy.
[21129]Within minutes after the shooting. Ken-
[21130]nedy hac been rushed to the emergancy
[21131]room at Parkland Hospital, where Dr. Mal-
[21132]calm Perry tried to save his life. The physi-
[21133]cian saw that the President had suffered
[21134]a massive head wound andasmallerwound
[21135]in the throat. Perry performed a tracheos-
[21136]tomy, cutting through the throat wound in
[21137]an attemnt ta open a breathing passage.
[21138]Afierward, when hope tor the Presidant had
[21139]been abandoned, Perry met with the press
[21140]and declared that the wound in tne front
[21141]of the neck had been an entry wound.
[21143]The President's body was flown to
[21144]Washington, D.C. There. approximately
[21145]eight hours after the shooting, an autopsy
[21146]was performed at Bethesda Naval Hospital.
[21147]Because of the tracheostomy, the nature of
[21148]the ‘neck wound could no longer be ob-
[21149]served and was, at first, overlooked. Later,
[21150]after consulting the Dallas doctors, the
[21151]Bethesda pathologists concluded that it
[21152]was an exit wound. The autopsy report
[21153]stated that there were two entry wounds,
[21154]one fow in the rear scalp and one at the
[21155]right base of the neck; and two exit wounds.
[21156]the throat wound and a large irregular
[21157]wound on tne right side of the head.
[21159]The confusion was compounded when
[21160]two FBI agents present at the autopsy
[21161]reported that a wound had been found in
[21162]the President's back, and that no corre-
[21163]sponding exit wound had been located.
[21164]Diagrams made during the autopsy seemed
[21165]to confirm this, showing the lower of the
[21166]two entry wounds to be below the shoulders,
[21167]not ai the base oi the neck. What became
[21168]of the bullet? The agents reported that
[21169]Bethesda doctors thought the bu!let had
[21170]dropped from the wound when the Dallas
[21171]doctors attempied external heart massage.
[21172]But this was the shot that the Commission
[21173]claimed had passed through Kennedy and
[21174]struck Governor Connally.
[21176]X-rays and color photographs of the au-
[21177]topsy were made. The brain was removed
[21178]from the body. Brain and skin tissue slides
[21179]were prepared for microscopic examina-
[21180]tion. Remarkably, the Warren Commission
[21181]never asked to see any of this evidence.
[21182]relying instead solely on the testimony of
[21183]Captain James J. Humes, one of the
[21184]pathologists who conducted the autopsy.
[21185]Even more incredible is the disappearance
[21186]of the brain, the slides. and some of the
[21187]photographs. which were alleged to have
[21188]been turned over to the National Archives
[21189]by the Bethesda Naval Hospital. -
[21191]Both Or. Perry and Captain Humes were
[21192]interviewed on the CBS tapes. Perry was
[21193]asked about the throat wound he'd seen
[21194]when the President was brought to Parkland
[21195]Hospital. His answer seemed evasive. He
[21196]neither confirmed nor denied that he had
[21197]thought it was an entry wound, talking in-
[21198]stead about the difficulty of making such
[21199]a determination and the fact that his atten-
[21200]tion had been devoted to saving the Presi-
[21201]dent's life. Then the interviewer asxed him
[21202]directly whether he had thought at the time
[21203]that it was an entry wound. “Actually, | didn't
[21204]really give it much thought,” he replied. He
[21206]13-00000
[21208]awed hard stress on the PSE. Unfortu-
[21209]teiy. be macs co other definite statement
[21210]out the mature of the wound.
[21212]The Ane “; with Capiain Humes was
[21213]. Just before the interview,
[21214]3 had re-examinad the autcn-
[21215]tograens acd X-rays, and he dis-
[21216]th on the 735 tines.
[21217]during ima aurcnsy,
[21218]n.intended te orecisaly
[21219]on of the sounds. Hdv-
[21220]ced a snetch which, he
[21221]these iccations accu-
[21222]wer asked. "Your re-
[21223]phoiograons verify that
[21224]3 shown nere?”
[21226]amination o
[21229]ow
[21231]‘Yes, sir," re lied. No stress.
[21233]Nere there wounds other than one
[21234]the base of -€ Meck and ons up in the
[21235]i? “No, sir wrers were not.” Moderate
[21237]ass, nat ercugh ic suggest Cecepiion.
[21238]Vas there an, doubt that the wound at
[21239]back of ths President's head was an
[21241]ry wound? * 18 absolutely no doubt.
[21242]" Again stress out again moderate.
[21244]“Altogether. sow many wounds were
[21245]te? “There «ere two wounds of entrance
[21246]Jtwo of exit. At this point tne stress be-
[21247]ne hard.
[21249]And where were the entry wounds Io-
[21250]ed? “Postarioriy. one iow in the right
[21251]sterior scalp. and one in the base of the
[21252]3k on the right.” Hard stress again.
[21253]2ould he be ansciutely certain that what
[21254]said was an entry wound was, in fact,
[21255]t. “Yes, indeas we can.” Hard siress.
[21256]‘he interview «ith Humes was one of the
[21257]gest and most detailed on the CBS
[21258]es, andi chansd most of it with the PSE.
[21259]*.- das clear to me that he believed much
[21260]shathe was saying, but the frequent flick-
[21261]igs of mocersate stress and the occasion-
[21262]lashes of hare stress suggested that he
[21263]sn't nearly as confident of his testimony
[21264]he claimed to be. As Dr. Perry had
[21265]nied out, sometimes it’s not easy to tell
[21266]sntry wound from an exit wound.
[21268]he interviewer asked him one gocd “bot-
[21271]Do you have any different conclusion,
[21272]‘different ideas. any different thoughts
[21273]t, after seeing [the autopsy photographs)
[21274]in, than you had at that time?”
[21276]No." reptied Captain Humes. “we think
[21277]/ bear up very well, and very close!y.
[21278]testimony before the Warren Commis-
[21279]1.
[21281]he stress vas hard.
[21283]len Specter. one of the Warren Commis-
[21285]“Ss principal investigators. alsospckeon —
[21287]CBS tapes. He said that tne case agains!
[21288]da'd fitted together very well, and thal
[21289]torn could ove find among actual crim-
[21291]inal convictions a cise equally persuasive.
[21292]Ho aaded tha! there was no foundation for
[21293]the charge that the Commission had been
[21294]formed to whitewash the ticts.
[21296]The PSE said he was tei!ing the truth.
[21298]John MeTloy, a member of the Warren
[21299]Commission, said much the same thing.
[21300]and adued that he had ssen no credib!e
[21301]eVdeice to Coiradivltie findings of the
[21302]Commission. The PSE backed hirn up en
[21303]this. bit it falled to de so when, speaking
[21304]of tne Warren Report. he said, “There was
[21305]nothing frauduient about it.” Here the PSE
[21306]snowed hard stress.
[21307]if Soacter and MeCioy were as confident
[21308]? co De inthe truthiul-
[21309]ont. what could b2
[21310]os the snipgei- 3
[21311]faw loose ends, the suppression
[21312]of a few pieces of incenvenient evidence
[21313]which conflicted with a version of events
[21314]they believed to be essentially true.
[21316]The one man who could be expected to
[21317]have the most informed opinion regarding
[21318]the work of the Warren Commission is
[21319]former Chief Justice Earl Warren himself.
[21320]Hea had declined to be interviewed on the
[21321]CBS program in 1967, but he did appear
[21322]on television in May, 1972, in an interview
[21326]‘,..we found no evidence
[21327]of any kind that there was
[21328]any conspiracy.”
[21329]There was very hard stress
[21330]on “no evidence”
[21332]9
[21334]oft of 3
[21336]which was part of a series called The Bran-
[21338]deis Teievision Recollections. Bob Smith of
[21339]the Committee provided me with the tape.
[21341]The interview was an hour long, but the
[21342]Kennedy assassination and tne Warren
[21343]Commission came up only once. The inter-
[21344]viewer, Abram Sachar, Chancellor of Bran-
[21345]deis University, was friendly and deferen-
[21346]tial. | charted some of Warren's remarks
[21347]unrelated to the assassination and found
[21348]that he was generally unstressed. Sachar
[21349]raised the subject of the Commission
[21350]obiiquely, and Warren volunteered several
[21351]rather iengthy statements about it
[21353]Warren said that immediately after the as-
[21354]sassination there were iwo thecries. one that
[21355]Khrushchev and Castro were behind the
[21356]killing. the other that a group of right-wing
[21357]Texas oilmen were responsib!e. He said:
[21359]“We explored both of those theories for
[21360]ten months and found no evidence that
[21361]either of them was involved in it.”
[21363]The PSE showed hard stress.
[21365]He continued:
[21367]. we found no evidence of any kind
[21369]that there was any conspiracy.”
[21371]Again there was stress, and particutariy
[21372]hard stress on the words “no evidence.”
[21374]“T have read everything.” said Justice
[21375]Warren, “that has come to my notice in the
[21377]press. and [ raad some cf the documents
[21378]that ave criticized the Commission very
[21379]severaly, but 1 have naver foun: that they
[21380]have Giscovered any evidence oi any kind
[21381]thai we didn't discover ang usa in daternin-
[21382]ing the c2s2 as we did.”
[21383]Hard stress once again. The word “never”
[21384]was a perfectly “immed hedge.”
[21386]| have found notning since that time.”
[21387]he continusd. "to change my view, nor have
[21388]| heerd of anything that has changed the
[21389]view of any member of the commission
[21390]since that time.”
[21392]The stress was hard. As | had now come
[21393]to expect, the word “nothing” seemed a
[21394]paritculacly beautiful examoie of stress.
[21395]Another vord seemed to show svan more
[21396]stress: “memoer." Could he nave bean
[21397]thinking of someone in particuiar? On Janu-
[21398]ary 19, 1970. Senator Richard 8. Russell.
[21399]a member of the Warren Commission, re-
[21400]veaied that he had never believed that Lee
[21401]Harvey Oswaid acted aicne.
[21403]inad charted the last of the assassination
[21404]tapes. Of course, these few thousand feat
[21405]of recording tape are only a smail fraction’
[21406]of the relevant testimony recorded and
[21407]stored away in the archives of ¢elevision
[21408]news departments. There is, jor example.
[21409]Lee Harvey Oswald. as he was fed through
[21410]the Dallas police station, denying that ha
[21411]had killed the President. There are state-
[21412]ments by Marina Oswald, Jack Ruby and
[21413]by others.
[21415]| have no doubt that with these tapes,
[21416]a Psychologica! Stress Evaluater. and time
[21417]to work on them, a very detaiied picture
[21418]of the assassination of John F. Kennedy
[21419]could be reconstructed, a picture that might
[21420]even reveal! the identities of the assassins
[21421]and their co-conspirators. | hope that sooner
[21422]or later someone does this. | have gone as
[21423]far as the private resources of a free-lance
[21424]writer permit.
[21426]What. given the sample of testimony !
[21427]have processed with the PSE, can | say
[21428]about the assassination?
[21430]We should first examine the testimony in
[21431]which no stress was found, since itis almost
[21432]certain that these people were telling the
[21433]truth as they saw it. This strongly suggests
[21434]the following:
[21436]1. Oswald owned a rifle.
[21438]2. A bullet fired from that rifte was found
[21439]on Governor Connally’s stretcher at Park-
[21440]land Hospital.
[21442]3. Bullet iragments alleged to have been
[21443]found in the presidential limousine also
[21444]came from Oswald's rifle.
[21446]4. At least one eyewitness believes he
[21447]saw gunsmoke on the grassy knoll, but
[21448]another is equally certain no shots carne
[21449]from that direction.
[21451]5. Oswald shot and killed Officer Tippitt.
[21453]6. At least one membar of the Warren
[21454]Commission and one member of the Com-
[21455]mission's staff really believe in the = validity
[21456]of the Warren Report.
[21458]7. Jim Garrison had little or no case
[21459]against Clay Shaw.
[21461]Almost ail of this tends to support, in oné
[21462]way or another, the Warren Report. But now
[21465]13-00000
[21467]'s lp0k,at the lestimony that is called into
[21468]‘estion by the PSE:
[21469]+ The claim that Oswald's ;ifle was
[21470]ind inthe Texas School Book Depository.
[21471]2. The claim that bullet hulls matching
[21472]wald's nfle were found in the same place
[21473]3. The claim that one gunman was seen
[21474]ihe “Oswaid window" of tne Dalias Book
[21475]pository.
[21476]4. The claim that two gunmen were seen
[21477]this window.
[21478]5. The claim that a gunman was seen
[21479]a different wincow of that building
[21480]5. Another claim that no shots came from
[21481]grassy knoil. and a claim by the witness
[21482]o saw the Gunsmoke on the knoll that
[21483]also hearc a shot from that direction.
[21484]7. A claim by a Dailas policeman that
[21485]ither he nor Oficer Tippitt knew Oswald.
[21486]3. The claim cy the pathologist—the
[21487]arren C@fim:ssion’s only source of infor-
[21488]tion about the autopsy—that the X-rays
[21489]J autopsy chcicgraphs support his tes-
[21490]ony before ommission.
[21491]2. The claim by a member of the Warren
[21492]mmission tre: there was nothing fraudu-
[21493]{ about the en Report.
[21494]10. The ciaim &y Eari Warren that the
[21495]mmission found ro evidence of a con-
[21496]iracy; that none of the Warren Report's
[21497]tics ever found anything the Commission
[21498]id missed; tna: -e had found nothing since
[21499]‘publication of the Report to change his
[21500]_ wand that re knew of no Commission
[21501]‘mber.who hac ever changed his mind
[21502]ut their conciusions.
[21504]\f we accept that each instance of stress
[21505]indicates deception, an interesting and
[21506]unexpected possibility emerges:
[21508]Oswald was involved in some way in the
[21509]assassination, if only as a fall quy. Some of
[21510]the Dullas police force may have been in-
[21511]volved, planted the evidence that impli-
[21512]cated Oswald, and covered up the fact that
[21513]there was a conspiracy. The medical exam-
[21514]iner believed his own testimony to the War-
[21515]ren Commission, bui later had doubts. The
[21516]Commission found evidence of a conspir-
[21517]acy but didn’t believe it. so they covered
[21518]it up in order to present a tidy package to
[21519]the public. Later, at least one member of
[21520]the Commission changed his mind, but
[21521]since he didn't know what really did hap-
[21522]pen, he decided to say nothing. So there
[21523]was conspiracy in Dallas, and in Washing-
[21524]ton nothing worse than blundering.
[21526]! could say all this with certainty if | knew
[21527]that stress always equais deception. Unfor-
[21528]tunately, | do not know that. But the PSE
[21529]analysis of the assassination tapes has
[21530]generated a staggering amount of fresh
[21531]doubt regarding the Warren Report. This
[21532]doubt rises not only from specific points
[21533]the PSE has called into question, but from
[21534]the very sinister implications of the very
[21535]existence of deception among policemen,
[21536]government officials and Commission
[21537]members. The question remains: did such
[21538]deception exist or was the stress found by
[21539]the PSE the result, in every case, of an out-
[21540]side issue?
[21542]Obviously, whenever stress is found by
[21543]the PSE and cannot be cross-checked by
[21544]a structured interrogation, some probability
[21545]must be accepted that this stress 1s caused
[21546]by an outside issue. No study has yet Seen
[21547]conducted to es:abiish wiat this probability
[21548]might be, but let us pick. for the sake of
[21549]discussion, a figure that may seem ridicu-
[21550]lously high—70 percent. in other words, we
[21551]are assuming that 70 percent of the times
[21552]the PSE finds stress in testimony, it results
[21553]from something other than lying.
[21555]' Now, let’s ignore the deception indicated
[21556]in the testimony of the eyewitnesses: even
[21557]if present, it might have resulted from mere
[21558]desire for attention. That leaves eight “in-
[21559]siders” who have demonstraied stress when
[21560]making statements supporting the Warren
[21561]Report: the Dallas policemen Hill, Jacks,
[21562]Jackson and Weitzman: the medical exam-
[21563]iner, Captain Humes; Commission staffer
[21564]Wesley Liebler; Commission member John
[21565]McCloy: former Chief Justice Earl Warren.
[21567]Assuming that there is a 70 percent
[21568]chance that any single instance of stress
[21569]is “outside issue,” what is the probability
[21570]that all eight instances are due to factors
[21571]other than deception? Elementary proba-
[21572]bility theory tells us.tnat it is seven-tenths
[21573]raised to the eighth power, or approximately
[21574]6 percent.
[21576]in other words, even making some fairly
[21577]conservative assumptions, there is a 94 per-
[21578]cent chance that at least one of these eight
[21579]men is lying. .
[21581]My own personal opinion? | don't know.
[21582]| remember the young man with the ring.
[21583]He said he was wearing it, and he was.
[21585]‘but he stressed. He stressed not because
[21587]he was lying, but because there was some-
[21588]thing about that ring that really bothered
[21589]him, something he didn’t want the world to
[21590]know. Perhaps that is also true of these men
[21591]who, in one way or another, leamed some
[21592]part of the truth about the assassination of
[21593]John F. Kennedy.
[21595]I suppose I'm not absolutely sure even
[21596]of that. When | first met Bob Smith of the
[21597]Committee, | asked him if there was any
[21598]one thing the government could do to clear
[21599]up the mystery. Yes, he replied, the one
[21600]thing that would help more than anything
[21601]else would be to make available the physi-
[21602]cal evidence — the detailed FSI lab re-
[21603]ports, the X-rays and autopsy photographs.
[21604]the microscopic slices, the bloodstained
[21605]clothing, yes, even the President's brain,
[21606]wherever it has been hidden. These things.
[21607]he said, would go far toward answering the
[21608]questions aboot what actually happened
[21609]that day in Dallas. Maybe they would even
[21610]confirm the Warren Report.
[21612]So when | say I'm not absolutely certain
[21613]these men are concealing something, |
[21614]mean | can think of something that could
[21615]conceivably change my mind. Thatis. ifthe
[21616]government would open ail its files on this
[21617]matter to us and prove that we are wrong
[21618]—we, the people who ten years later still
[21619]believe we haven't yet heard the full account
[21620]of the events of November 22, 1963.
[21622]13-00000
[21624]THE LAST THREE PRESIDENTIAL
[21625]ELECTIONS HAVE BEEN DECIDED BY
[21626]BULLETS:
[21628]1964 — result decided by the assassination of
[21629]President John F. Kennedy
[21631]1968 ~ result decided by the assassination of
[21632]Senator Robert F. Kennedy
[21634]1972 — result decided by the near-assassination of
[21635]Governor George Wallace
[21637]WHAT is the evidence?
[21638]WHO fire the fatal shots?
[21640]WHY has there been such a concerted effort ;
[21641]to withhold the facts?
[21643]WHO was really behind the assassinations?
[21649]2-H F438
[21651](COME SHARE THE FINDINGS
[21652]OF THE NATION'S EXPERTS
[21654]AT A TWO DAY CONFERENCE
[21656]- SPONSORED BY THE COMMITTEE TO
[21658]INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS
[21660]TO BE HELD AT
[21662]GEORGETOWN
[21663]UNIVERSITY
[21665]GASTON HALL
[21667]Nov. 23-24, 1973
[21669]COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS
[21670]1520 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. « (202) 232-1152
[21672]DECADE OF
[21673]ASSASSINATIONS
[21677]1963 - 1973
[21679]JOHN F. KENNEDY © SYLVANUS OLYMPIO ¢
[21680]ABDUL KARIM KASSEM ¢ MEDGAR EVERS e¢
[21681]“NGO” DINH DIEM © JIGME DORjI © ADIB AL «
[21682]SHISHAKLI © PIERRE NGENDANDUMWE
[21683]HASSAN ALI MANSOUR ¢ MALCOLM X ¢ VIOLA
[21684]LIUZZO ® MARIO MENDEZ MONTENEGRO ¢ SIR
[21685]ABUBAKAR BALEWA ® J.T.V. IRONS! AGUIYI ¢
[21686]HENDRIK VERWOERD © TRAN VAN VAN ¢@
[21687]GEORGE LINCOLN ROCKWELL ® CHE GUEVARA
[21688]e MARTIN LUTHER KING ¢ ROBERT F.
[21689]KENNEDY © EDUARDO MONDLANE ¢ TOM
[21690]MBOYA e A.A. SHERMARKE ® GEORGE
[21691]WALLACE ¢ SALVADORE ALLENDE e
[21693]13-00000
[21697].
[21699]FRIDAY — NOVEMBER 23
[21701]LATE REGISTRATION —
[21702]Early Registrants pick up passes.
[21704]WELCOME:
[21706]Mr. Bernard Fensterwald, Jr., Executive
[21707]Director, Committee to Investigate
[21708]Assassinations
[21710]Mr. Norman Mailer, Author and Forwarder
[21711]of The Fifth Estate
[21713]CURRENT STATUS OF PROMINENT
[21715]ASSASSINATION CASES:
[21717]JFK CASE — Mr. Robert P. Smith, Director
[21718]of Research, Committee to Investigate
[21719]Assassinations .
[21721]RFK CASE -- Mr, Robert Hanson, Attorney,
[21722]present counsel for Sirhan Sirhan
[21724]KING CASE — Mr. James Lesar, Attorney,
[21725]present counsel for James Earl Ray
[21727]WALLACE CASE — Mr. Ronald Van Doren,
[21728]Newsman, Author, researcher into the
[21729]background of Arthur Bremer
[21731]ROCKWELL CASE — Ms. Meredith Rode,
[21732]Professor at Federal City College,
[21733]Authority in killing of George Lincoln.
[21734]Rockwell
[21736]UNIQUE INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES:
[21738]Mr. William Turner, Moderator — Former
[21739]FBI Agent, Author of numerous books
[21740]‘on investigative techniques
[21742]Mr. George O'Toole — Former CIA Agent,
[21744]” Free-Lance Writer, expert on the PSE
[21746](Psychological Stress Evaluator) \
[21747]Mr. Robert Saltzman — Computer Engineer,”
[21749]Jecturer on the Warren Commission
[21750]Report
[21752]DECADE OF ASSASSINATIONS
[21753]1963 — 1973
[21755]PROGRAM
[21757]FRIDAY — Continued
[21759]~ 12:30 BREAK FOR LUNCH
[21761]Mr. Josiah Thompson,
[21763]2:00 MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE:
[21764]Moderator
[21766]Professor at Haverford College, author of
[21768]Six Seconds in Dallas
[21770]Dr. Cyril Wecht — Professor of Law and
[21772]Forensic Medicine at
[21774]University; Coroner of Pittsburgh, Pa.
[21775]Ms. Sylvia Meagher — Attorney, UN Official,
[21777]author of Accessories After The Fact
[21779]Duquesne
[21781]Mr. Roger Hanson ~ Attorney, counsel to
[21783]Sirhan Sirhan
[21785]Mr. Herbert MacDonnell — Professor of
[21786]Criminalistics, Corning University; expert
[21788]in case of Fred Hampton
[21790]Mr. Mark Lane — Attorney, author of Rush
[21792]To Judgment and Executive Action
[21794]6:00 BREAK FOR DINNER
[21796]8:30 WARREN COMMISSION REPORT: FACT
[21798]OR FICTION —
[21800]A slide show and lecture by Mr. Robert
[21802]Saltzman
[21809]SATURDAY — NOVEMBER 24
[21811]ASSASSINATIONS AND THE MEDIA:
[21812]Mr. John Henry Faulk, Moderator —
[21813]Humorist and Author of Fear On Trial
[21814]Mr. Robert Kaiser — Author of RFK Must
[21815]Die
[21817]Mr. Donald Freed ~ Co-Author of Executive
[21818]Action
[21820]Mr. Harold Weisberg — Author of Frame Up
[21822]Mr. Ted Charach — Author of Second Gun
[21824]Mr. Peter Noyes — Author of Legacy Of
[21825]Doubt
[21827]Mr. Fred Cook — Author of numerous books
[21828]and articles
[21830]BREAK FOR LUNCH
[21832]THEORIES OF CONSPIRACY:
[21834]Mr. Richard Sprague, Moderator —
[21835]Computer expert and author
[21837]Dr. Richard Popkin, Professor at Washington
[21838]University; author of The Second Oswald
[21840]Col. Fletcher Prouty — Former Liaison
[21841]Officer between Pentagon and CIA;
[21842]author of The Secret Teams
[21844]Mr. Robert K. Brown — Former Special
[21845]Services Officer; expert in attempts on
[21846]life of Castro
[21848]Mr, Eart Golz — Reporter for Dallas Morning
[21849]News; expert on Organized Crimes
[21851]Mr. Victor Marchetti — Former CIA Agent;
[21852]author
[21854]Mr. Peter Dale Scott — Professor at
[21855]Berkeley; Author of The War Conspiracy
[21857]INDIVIDUAL WORKSHOPS WITH THE
[21858]SPEAKERS —
[21859]Question and Answer Sessions
[21861]13-00000
[21863]’ AMERICAN POUTICAL ASSASSINATIONS:
[21865]” A BIBLIOGRAPHY
[21867]. OF WORKS PUBLISHED
[21869]“21963-1970
[21871]RELATED TO THE ASSASSINATION OF
[21873]OHN. F.. KENNEDY.
[21874]MARTIN LUTHER KING
[21876]ROBERT F. KENNEDY
[21878]oS - Compited b
[21880]Y .
[21882]THE COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS © 7
[21884]WASHINGTON, D. C.
[21885]COMMITTZE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS
[21886]1973
[21888]fpr one ie net etter mangement
[21890]13-00000
[21892]A nations” Nevnveck 6 0-33.
[21894]"es q One “s ry 15 August 1966 PP. 30-33, ‘
[21895]ferns ited, second installment of t! jeath of a resident, Tine, 27 Janu 19 Vy tra, Jan, Zes arcemen_ in Dallant 22 Noverher 1963, Te prord op. Jobo Lo Bennedys
[21896]Beery fds secon of the death P di u January 196 Booustra, J.
[21898]1917-19f1, Preatdent ven de Verenigde Staten van Aecriks, Apsteardan: Bide
[21901]1. JOHN FP. KENNEDY Bickel, AM, "Return to Dallas.” New Republic, 23 December 1967, ps 34.
[21902]Biohop, Jin, The Pay Kennedy Was Shot, New York: Fimk and Wegnalle, 1968,
[21903]: : "Black Priday, five years later.” Newayeck, 25 Moverder 1968, pp, 22=23,
[21904]A. GENERAL "B'nai Brith, Overecas Mourn JFK; DOY0"s 4ULb Anniveseary Service dedicated to JPK; ills
[21905]Directore place Wreath at Tomb of President,” National Jevich Monthly, Januery
[21906]. . 1964, pp. 24026, .
[21907]“serrations of Bourgeots Drmceracy: The Fight to Deny Rights.” Current Digest of the Spy | Ronner, Judy Whitson, Investipation of a Homicides the Murder of John P, Kencedy, Andes
[21908]fet Treaa, } January 1964, p. 25. ¥ sou, 5.C.s Droke Noune, 1969, -
[21909]“ycisg the Trenedpe” Tablet, 10 Novenber 1963, pp. 11-1182. | Booker, Streous "How JFK Surpanaed Abrahan Lincoln.” Phony, Febryset 1964, pp. 25-28, 3
[21910]|
[21911]|
[21913]Pe 5A, Tiotheck .
[21914]— ota . “Some Functions of Religloss Ritual in Catastropha: Kennedy Assas~ . otheck en-docuwntatic achool, 1968,
[21915]Artory de oi tien Boctote Teal Analyain, 25(1964), 212-230, 168, Bowder, Rallovell. "The Perils of Hesty History." Saturday Rewriv, 31 Decender 1966,
[21916]F gicnl Analyse’ , “25 Janu Pe DM.
[21917]we " ry ngt Thilippinen Nerald Magazine, ry * :
[21918]Ativey, toni ot Bay In ashing one” Pabiipe: id ; Brood, Sergiu, "Si Totus! Cine?" Cronica, 17 December 1966, p. 12.
[21919]_. een Night Feti on the U.S." Philippine Norald Magazine, 7 December 1963, po 12. | Bravo, Praneescoe Jolin Pitmenid Keonedy, el martic de la capermza: dincurno, Cuenca,
[21920]Mee, 8% “ rurdav fuening Prat, 15 February 1964, pp. 17-23. . : ; .
[21921]Aer S. roe Tey tute Se eteT rae 19-22, y ee ! Breig, Je “Agannaination of @ People." Ave Maria, 14 Decenber 1963, p, 10,
[21922]whem ehild'e pellow Elowsia.” Pounveck, 2 Deces:er 1963, pps 26-37, + TPreekdene Kennedy'a Deaths Why?” “Ave Marsa, 11 Jenvary 1964, ps 96
[21923]me then it wa Hoverber 22 again.” Tewewnek, 30 Novenber 1964, pp. 25-20, \ ane poet oe ree rnency Wee Ones Piet Memorial Hospital." Saturday Evening
[21924]wees t Saar " Rrematrnction! November 1964, p. 6 Jo, Poot, cecher PP. .
[21925].-tvernory of on Ansasmination.” Prematructtoniat, 27 Nove Pe ve Brienbarg, Mordecal, "The Riddle of Delle.” Spectator, 212(1964), 305-206,
[21927]Antorinea, Brother, “Peath hos Pounced: bxeerpt ‘ftom Tonge of Jeoparity." Dominicana,
[21928]Septerder 1065, ppe 9-126
[21930]Wenecelense and after.” Chrintion Century, 80(1963), 1487.
[21932]Bringufer, Carlos, Red Friday, Chicago: Charles Hallberg & Co, asd.
[21933]Brodie, Iercel, Tribute to the late President John Pitxperald Kennedy...at the Marble
[21935]. ” 64, p. 27. H Arch Synezopu Tondov,..1963. London: Office of the Chief Rakhi, 1964,
[21936]Aspe Llerta, Le "Peflections aur une Tregedie.” Relations, Jenvary 1964, Buch. th C. “bravo Porociin’o i "Dy _ ry
[21937]povatbann, Stephen A. "Tac Kennedy Asoagpination.” Paychoanalytic Revicw, 53, no. 3(1966), : uchanan, aera ravo Porocilo o Uporu v Dallasu." DeJo, 27-29 February 1964,
[21939]41-F0,
[21940]Armeat, MoSe The Derth of a Prestdent. Pansaic, NeJ.t Minority of One, 1964,
[21942]1G O he December 1963, pp. 1-2.
[21943]netion Glvee trpetwa to Codd'o Cun Bill,” Jdvertiningn Apes 2 . :
[21944]“Maat font n Prost dent, reprinted from Hew York Tiren wil: intro. by Anthony Lewle. .
[21945]Ren Youn, V4I .
[21947]Me Aaspeetnation of preaident John F, Kennedy.” Current Digest of the Soviet Preee, 11
[21949]Cececher 1963, pre 2-35.
[21950]“the Aaneratnetion of Preaident Rennedy." Fant Furepe, January 1964, pp. 25-26.
[21952]Budimac, Budimir, "Zlocin u Teksesu.” Mmevnik, 22(1963), 6124,
[21953]Bugialli, Paolo, et al, Chi ha uccino ft Kennedy, Rona: Traprni editorc, 1968,
[21954]“Business Pledges ite Support.” Runinena Week, 30 Novevber 1963, p. 34.
[21955]Butler, Ed, "The Great Asonosin Purzies" The Weatwood Villege Squire, 1, no. 2(1968),
[21956]pp. 21-28; 2, no. 1(1969), pp. 26-27, 37-41.
[21957]a Caweron, J. “Humane and Sane." Comeonunal, 13 Decerber 1963, pp. 338-339,
[21958]Coplen, Gerald and Vivien Cadden, “Leceous in Bravery." HeCalls, September 1968, pp. 12
[21960]: * vr e iP) Leat., 1963, ("Hevortal Edition") a5, 115.
[21961]= cartentin of Drestiere Keaee ls CP) eae 1963," 1963, pp. 31D-32. ‘ Cammey, Frederick S, “Crista of Conectence in Dallas: Soul-searching ve. ‘Kew Faith in
[21962]me saan ance tana the Reporter's Story; Wot vas Seen and Read: Televinion, Rewepapets, . Dallan,* Thovght on the day of the funeral of Tom F. Driver." Ghrintimity an
[21964]Crinta, 23 Deceaber 1963, pp. 235-241,
[21967]or 3 . Colwshin Journa
[21968]Wenerinecy Jaurnelica’s Role: Unreselved Tecuea = Carr, Waggoner. Texan Supplerentrl Report _on_ the Aanessinstion of President Kennedy and
[21970]Winter 1964, Py : - Sert. 1 Gove aliy, Howrrber 22, 1143.e an.
[21971]. Life, 2 October 1964 \ Sertous Wounding of Governor John B, Connally, Moverber 27. 1943,Austin, Texas.
[21972]1. veastnatton: the trial te a verdict; with report by G.R. Ford.” Life, me Castro, Fidel. Conparecrncin del Conmadente Fidel Ceatra, onte oT pueblo de Cuba sebre 1
[21973]Fp» 40-50B. 18 . so gucrnoa relactomades cenel enarninato de} Preatdente Iennedy, Havane: Coniston -
[21974]Miss Autopaye 1 Tir. 27 aor ary 1p54 Spe 19-20 ; ,, Orfentncion fevolucionaria, Divecion Wectonal del TURSC, 1963,
[21975]ras 'ul Interval,  Newivrerk, o PPe sere _( A Child's Eyna: Nevomker 72, 1961 (motion picture). Croup VI Productions (released Pa
[21976]clean, Ila. "President Johasons Mordkeraission." ‘Frit Denmark, 23, 00. 2(1964-65), . ee chactmrereey Files i908. Pp Pp by
[21978]. 4-6. : “A Chronology of Tragedy." Tire and Tide, 28 Noverber 1963 79.8
[21979]. 5 World Report, 24 Feb= 6Y ragedy. Titr r PP. .
[21980]‘sek of the acerecy in the assacsination probe.” U.5, News end Workd Report. Ciardi, John, "Novenber 22, 1963," Saturday Pevlew, 7 Decenber 1963, pp. 16+.
[21982]ruary 1964, pp. 524. » "Of chaco and courage," Saturday Reviev, 28 December 1963 25
[21983]' Coan. -, 24 Novenber 1967 . . Bee patsy Te viey t o Pe 25.
[21984]Een’ to Dellast smecries of J, Thorpaon aad J. nally.” Tine, 24 No , : ‘Clifford, G. “Warren Report: A New Boost for the Kennedy Memorabilia Industry.” Maclem
[21985]Pre 34055. ~ Winter 1967 2 39944, Magazine, 2 November 1964, p. 3.
[21986]~promd to the Renned? Film," Fila Cement tanning, Feit! 1983, Pp 34°05. Cole, Alwyn, *Anaoonin Forget." Journn} of Forennie Scfencen, July 1966, pp. 272-288.
[21987]mee bane .
[21989]T+ tthten, Bell, “Araaasia.” Seturday bvering,
[21990]Rice, Sem C. The Acarcainetion of Pre
[21992]dy: _A_Study_of the Preag Coverage. . "Corpendium of Curieun Cofncidences; Parallels in the Lives aad Deaths of A. Lincoln wad
[21993]ts ‘fey of Wiehisrn Dept, of cm J.F. Kennedy." Tiwe, 21 Auguat 1964, p. 19.
[21994]7 his, .
[21996]ano Arbor: tnive: Rept, of Jovenalism, 1965, The Complete kennedy Sapa: Four Dark Daya, 4 vol :
[21997]4 | : P a Sapa: Four Dark Daya, vole, Hollywood: Associated Profesaiosal
[21998]iarMiert, Frene, "Pva Atentata,” Vjeantk, 24 Hoverher 1963, Services, ier. ‘ ™
[22000]oe : tie." VE vm 1964, pp. 20-93.
[22001]Pe seal The Kennedy Avsanainetion.” Vizyg, Autuum 196%) prs D078 va nedy Condon, R, "Manchurian Candidate in Dalles." Nation, 28 Dececter 1963, pp. 469-451.
[22002]Trslie, Morrts Loe ee a TT 7 aman
[22004]y tothe Jy_recn D erare?
[22005]A Gan ct the reeves Thasbia Pub, Co., 3964, Connally, Join B. “Why Kennedy Went to Dallas,” Life, 24 Novenber 1967, pp. B6A-86B.
[22006]Ee Oe a eee eal dy-LBJ Rife." Yale Daily Connally, Hre, John B, "Since That Day in Dallas.” HeCalla, Anguet 1964, pp. 78-794,
[22008]roe a eet ‘ W: Kenne
[22009]patrick, a a oni nee Oe Book to Widen Kenn - Cook, Pred J. "Asgansination Inveatigations. The Irregulars Teke the Field.” Matton,
[22010]netea, Aana.” EleabppitbanaZathh elndkeslaaztattg. Budapest: Koasuth Konyvktodo, 1964, =~ 19 July 1971, pp. 40-46, .
[22011]tes Anna. Gp bas oy mip goat Spein Ghrerver, 13 August 1971, pp. 23-15, Cooke, Allocate After the President's Ansannination,.” Ltatener, 5 Decender 1963,
[22012]“a, Rawle, ire y vanotion Tlin iow | 1 Archives,” Image pp. 908,
[22013]‘2 and’ lowes Carera Wied ae Ansascination Pile Now in Nationa « "Death of the Young Warrior,” Listener, 28 Novenber 1963, pp. 863-854,
[22014]Meace 1h, Jenusry 1967, xO te Ub tremmee, "Mon at Large: the Evidence on the Assassination of Preaident Kenvedy.” Mme
[22015]f+ ehkov, Ve "More Licht co the Kennedy Agnanainett “ibeok geview of Die Urals t uber chenter Guardian, 22 September 1966, p. 8 —
[22016]a gen Keenadyetards whe umd varue der Merren-fBport luge, by Joachim Jonaten). Cottrell, John, Asarezination: The World Steed Sefl1, London: New English Library,196!
[22017]Hew Tissa, 26 Ocoter 1966, pp. 23-32. Cowina, Norean, “the Legacy of John F. Kennedy.” Saturday Review, 7 Decender 1963, pp.
[22019]‘ * é Gerfaut, 1963,
[22020]2 rrferes, Lut. A, Jour ou Fenre fur aniranine, Paris? Editions du ° 21-27,
[22021]terry, Wendell, Forvber twenty Six Nineteen Weds Sie Winctces Yordred Siaty Three (poen). Kew Yorks Crovford, Keoneth, “The nowies Ho Hede,"” Hevewerk, 2 December 1963, pe Ie
[22023]13-00000
[22025]oe. Jevea Te The Yenouty Mitersture: A Biblingrephical Esary_on John Fe Kennedy. New
[22026]Tork: ew York University Frees, 1903,
[22028]t. TMe mone and JIK: Twine of Fate." "phidippines Herald Mopazine, 14 March 1964, ppe
[22029]42, 44, 457, 12,
[22031]wo teane. ah Anaanaipation File, Dallast American Poater and ¥rinting Co., 1969.
[22033]l-otep, Hana t,, ed, In mrorian ohn F, Kennedy, Aus dem Leben eines grosses
[22034], rea. Zurich: Rorerhef-Verlar, iy
[22036]malty.” Nevaserk, 26 Pebrunry 1966, 2p. 31-32.
[22038]action, 25 May 1964, pe 519.
[22040]tres Fevicited.” ii, 21 February 1569. pe lois,
[22042]Ves ‘oria.” fFlvre, 10 Ap + Pe .
[22044]see e nets nner treet Kizgazdaragl aceste, 14 October 1964, pp. 273-285.
[22046]4-1, 5, rea Castro Heard the licks. Bev fepub lic. 7 Decevber 1963, pps 7-96
[22048]Year: Late Cas
[22051]'+1, P. “Amsesaing the Place in the Precddeat'n desth: Excerpts fron Addresses."
[22052]ThS, Neva ead World Ferort, Lo Decemver 1953, pe 73.
[22053]riecaey, Waly “heview ef Road by G. Frenk, Couentary, July 1963, ppe 90-92,
[22054]+, Review of De-d by G. Frank, Piacumeton, January 1964, pp. 6+. 3 at
[22055]SFR dled; excerpin fron The Dov Rennedty kag Shot by Jim Bishep.” jadies Home Journal,
[22056]Moverbar 1958 « bie157,
[22057]: beanety Died,” Repaueck 2 Decaphar 1963, pp. 20-26,
[22058]+" dp Dolbea,” Useless Ripane, Jan~ary 3964, pp. 39-64,
[22059]rc! ef a modern.” 53 rt, 29 tovesber 1963, pe 691,
[22060]ro of the President.” Gn al, 6 Decewber 1962, p. 299-301.
[22061]a Testh of a Prealtent.” & anta oar Daily, 28 March 1967.
[22062]“o\ ef a Bretident: The Estatitshed Facte. Atjantic, March 1965, PP. 129118. 1
[22063]> Teath of a President: Told da Direct Testisony, Excerpts.” 1,8, Neva and Worle
[22064]sport December 1964, pp. 68-70,
[22065]rein m€ Peas Kennedy: Sustewente by Sir Rosert Menzien and Sir Gerfjeld Darvick of,
[22066]2ard Koveeiere” Cugrent Yotes oa Invernaticnal Afinira, Hovenber :1963, pp- le
[22067]+ teeth of the Presizent.” Lilmrrnee 7 vine, 30 floverber 1963, pp. 889-B99.
[22069]pat
[22070]was ee “Whe Killed Inna KReasece th” Censsnnis
[22071]x le-tte, 18 Noresber 1966, ppe 21-224,
[22073]“pattern: on the scene atory in pictures, Dallaot
[22074]oa ina. ~Dallras lenea Carpovation, 1464,
[22076]o, “eetia. ‘ation rad the Afterrath,” J/mrrican Opinion, March 1964, pp. 1-10.
[22078]. srtl 1164 2» 313-40
[22079]ferent tark ar Detins.” ts. Hows ond Nordd Porace, 3 February 1964, ppe 42-46,
[22080]tw, 3. “dhe trae JIX Shot?" atles, May 1541, A213. ; 6 18
[22081]‘eR, “Somwrntary of en eyewlineso.” Yow Republic, 71 Deeewdar 1963, pe 16.
[22082]t.
[22084]ym Au Dsliew, Trias ‘Jitiona Prance-Evpira, 1966.
[22086]: Bingert, 14(3964), 25-27, ;
[22087]‘ta, Martin S, “The Fennecy Film Discuraed at tha Warrenton Seainar,” “Film Comment,
[22089]VWinter 1551 » 3, ;
[22090]cater sneck, then becovery.” Eustnona Verk, 30 Novether 1963, pp. 92-93.
[22091]cla Shep Talk.” Antsoch Review, Yinter 1963-64, pp. 603-404,
[22093]“Winter, 1963: A Tim far Quies Voices.” fmerica, 21 December 1963, pp. 787. -
[22095]The author, 1964.
[22097]: tad. “ Hevnvenk, 9 Dececber 1963, pp. 19-20.
[22098]Saas wie acne Peru, 11 March 1967, pp» 18-20.
[22100]1) frine, “washington 23 Noverver 1943,”
[22102]cy Me al Boon.” Nevavrek, 30 Lecenbec 1963, pre 49-50. "
[22103]i eeard ee Tod Kan bel Bild 313: eine neve Untersuchung dea Kennedy~Hordes.
[22105]Ter Spiegr’, 20, no 29£1966), 63-67.
[22106]TEival Geapter {n the Anooasination Controversy.” New York Tints Magazine, 20
[22107]Api} 2969, pp. 30-31,
[22109]eo: that windy,” Nevaveck, 22 June 1364, pe 32.
[22110]oi atul tvo hours without 4 preetdents excespts Frov teetinooten.” 0,5, News and World
[22112]Report, 14 Soverher 1965, pp. 68-72,
[22114]je a. HateLic Fiftyv-e Witneases: The Creeaz Eroll, San Pranciaco: Idlevild Puba.,
[22115]toa, : e Ex
[22117]1965.
[22118]ire of evidence eornected with the inveatigation of the annansination of President Jobn
[22120]~ F, Freneee. (NeP3 196-64, ;
[22121]wee Sf evidence ef: read with rhe invertigetion of the. noannetnation of President Jone.
[22122]. = QT vain, in 2 reels nictofilm, (veth ington) Microcard Editions, °
[22123]£ Day with Get. New York: HcGr ppill, 1965.
[22124]am foain, Steamer Serle," Business Weelh: 30 Noverber 1963, pp. 31-32.
[22125]Televiatea, Jonuary 1944, pp. 27-33. ;
[22127]rarteal tecord of the Death of Preaident Kennedy, New York: American
[22128]x Seer eee een See ~
[22130]Hgritaze tol lishing Con, 1964.
[22132]Senta tedden Tuldence ‘ehane Preatdent Kannedy's Aseassination.” Sage Hagen
[22134]oe
[22136]by critica and defenders of ‘the Warren Report,”
[22138]Cane, Hod. “Why did Keunccy Die?
[22140]Fox, Sylvan, “Unnnewerad Questions Abeut President Kennedy's Apesssination.” Pacional
[22141]Review, 11 Jenvary 1966, pp. 4-37.
[22143]“Puneral of Jchn Fitegerald Kennedy." IJlustrated Londen Neva, 30 Hovenber 1963, pp. 890=
[22144]893, * .
[22146]Gales, Robert Robinson, “totes. The Assassination of the President! Juriedicttoasl Probe
[22147]lema." Syracune Lay Review, Fall 1964, pp.69-8l, :
[22149]Irena-Aetion, July 1968, pp. 5-6.
[22151]Gardos, Miklos. A Feonedy Ponavie, Budapest, 1960,
[22153]Garson, Rarhara, NecRird, New York: Grove Press, 19676 .
[22155]Geliner, J. "Who Killed John Kennedy?" Saturday Mipht, July 1964, pp. 11-14,
[22157]Gershenson, Alvin, Kennedy and Rig Runincan, (Nop) Book Company of Averica (n.d)
[22159]Cilliate, Penalope, “ihe Current Cineva.” Hew Yorker, 17 June 1967, po 93. ?
[22161]Gilman, Re “Facts of Morality.” Comymvenl, 17 Decexber 1963, pp. 337-334,
[22163]Glikes, Edwin A., ed, Of Poetry ond Peover: ponwa oreeatoned by the Preaidency end death
[22164]of John Kennedy. New York: “Bnaic Books, 1964, :
[22166]Goodhart, A.L. “lhe Mysteries of the Kennedy Assasetoation and the English Press.” lw
[22168]Quarterly Review, January 1967,
[22170]Gordon, Bruce. One nnd (me Make Ivo Som Times: the Kennedy Anananinatton. Pullerton,
[22172]California, 1968, : :
[22174]Gordon, William E, "The Asaanstnation of Preeident Kennedy." Cevtrspnrary Review, Janu=
[22175]ary 1964, pp, 813,
[22177]Gotte, Fritz, “Nach John F, Kennedys Tod.” Die dret, 1964, pp. 14145.
[22179]“The Governsent Still Lives.” Tire, 29 Noverder 1963, pp. 21-32.
[22181]Grahan, Pred P. "Doctora Inspect Kennedy X~rsya," New York Tivo, 9 Jenusry 1972,
[22183]Greenberg, Bradley S, "Diffusion of Neve of the Rennedy Aanassinetion.” Public Opinion
[22184]Quarterly, 28(1964), 225-232,
[22186]Grosvenor, Malville Bell. “The last Full Measure." National Ceorgraphic, March 1964,
[22187]pp. 307~355,
[22189]Gun, Nerin &, Red Roses From Texen. London: Frederick Muller, Ltd,, 1964.
[22191]Gurgo, Ottorino, Perches { Fennedy muciono, Romat Trevi, 1968,
[22193]Hebe, Hans, "Die HElfte der Wahrhelt; der Mirder Cefundender Mord Ungeklért.” Weltwoche,
[22195]32(1968), 1614,
[22196]» The Wounded Jand:_ Journey through a Divided America, Rew Yorks Cowerd-McCana,
[22197]1964,
[22199]Hanson, William H. The Shooting of John PF, Fannedy, San Antonio, Texas: The Maylor
[22200]Company, 1969,
[22202]Harris, T.C. “Memo About a Dallas Cittze,” Inok, 11 Auguat 1964, pp. 64+,
[22204]Hart, L, “The Death of President Kennedy,” Columbia, Decesber 1963, pe 3. .
[22206]+ "A Year of Progress with a Sorrowful Close.” Columbia, January 1964, p. 16.
[22208]"Hatred knows no logic.” Saturday Eveninn Fort, & January 1964, p. &, .
[22210]"Have We'Learned Our Lesoons?” Chrigtien Century, 80(1963), 1567-1568,
[22212]He_Cave Hie Life, Naohville, Tenn.: The Nanhville Tennseesen, 1965,
[22214]Hegyi, Karoly. "A Dallasi [telethirdetes Utan,” Etore, 17 March 1964, ps3s
[22216]Henderson, Sruce, 1:33. New York: Cowles, 1968,
[22218]Hercher, W.W. “Thouaand wel) wishers and one asaansin.” U,S, News ed World Raport, 2
[22219]December 1968, pp, 34-35, .
[22221]Hessel, D, "To heal the wounds.” Chriatien Century, 61(1964), 15.
[22223]“Die Hintergrunde des Kennedy~ Morde.” fies andere Dentachlend, 1963.
[22225]“History's Jury.” Newaverk, 16 December 1963, pp. 25-27.
[22227]Holnea, W.A. " One thing worse than this: Sereon delivered at Northhaven Methodist Church,
[22228]Dallas, November 24, 1963," Chriatian Century, 80 (1963), 1555-1556,
[22230]Homage to a friend, a meoortal tribute by the United Nationa for President Jota ¥, Kennedy.
[22231]New York: United States Committee for the United Nations, 1964.
[22233]Horowitz, Irving L, "Kennedy's Death, Myths, and Realities.” Irana-Action, July 1968, pp.
[22234]5.
[22236]Houts, Marshall, “Preaident Keanedy's Autopsy was Botched," Medical Feoncaics, & March
[22237]1968, p. 249,
[22239]—em ney RF Death Delighta: Adventures in Courtroom Medicina, New Terk: Coward-MeLann,
[22240]. EE ee - .
[22242], “Now JFK Died." Newaweek, 30 Decesher 1963, p.55.
[22244]Noward, Anthony. “"Logisties of the Fmeral,” Paquire, Novesber 1968, pp, 119-122, .
[22245]Hove, Irving. "On the death of John F, Kennedy.” in his Seendy Monts —Tesre_to_the Pols;
[22246]tics of Democratic Radicaliem. New York: Harcourt, Erace 6 ¥orld, 1956,
[22248]Rughes, Eruet Join, “An Echo in the Silence.” Neveweek, 2 Decendar 1963, p. 52.
[22250]“liven Myrdede Ilven og Rvorfor?" Prit Danmark, 22 (1563-64), 3-5.
[22252]“Hyannis Port Revisited.” Leok (17 Hoveaber 1964: The JFK Memorial Leque), pp. 37-45,
[22254]“Rypothetical Case: | Letters.” National Revely, 17 Deceroer 1965, pp. 315-516;..14 January
[22255]a Pe 1. eee a
[22257]“I Just Heard Some Shots: Three Shots.” Rditor and Prdlizher, 30 Howeaber 1963; fge 14-}3.
[22259]13-00000
[22261]In’*. Saeas pont-Reanedy eneasaination threats of wagnicida,” Peweyesk, 23 Decexber 1963,
[22263]ma 1, Preatdent of tha United States of Aenrieas
[22264]SeretTy daring? ety REMeNeey Hoverher
[22265]ne Lexington; Voiveraity of
[22268]In 1°59 Me Survived.” Chelation Century, 80 (1963), 1599-2602.
[22269]2 4 Palten, Son Feenciaco: Rawpavte Mageeine, 1966, wo1e1102
[22270]Tle Ripht to Bear Area,” Tablet, 3 October 19644 ppe 1101-1102,
[22271]1 tn wernber 1963, Pps ‘
[22272]. 2 7 Outlogk,* Byrafners Wack, W Noverdcr 196),
[22273]Ie (ee archives, dereysraed photogrephs of body cf JFK.” Tire, IL November 1966. p. 33,
[22274]vt riety. Honcow, 1964+ "
[22275]r faa tur fgaticn,” lew :
[22276]Barts, ae lovestig New TH 9-31
[22277]"Ee .* Hew Tincs, 21 Becerter 1966, pp. 29-31. |
[22280]aches . 58 (1966),
[22281]tefhiinn ean Ay WTP kennedy a War.” Hagional Revéew, 23 April 1968, pp. 396 :
[22282]1*hy JORDS P oo, Se
[22284]hearted, The Tour Leading to the Preai~
[22286]‘Tat_Give. Austin, Texas: Perberton
[22288]nero
[22290]11 Dererber 1963, pp. 10-12.
[22292]teri toa, Joba Be Modther rhe Fenaticn nor the vel
[22293]° nen the Teo Spocchea Me vault
[22295]Neu Fervblte, 1 february 1969, ppe 9-10.
[22296]Ty 3 Octover 1964, prs 5-66,
[22297]we wae eee 4 ehgevicn botee” Urs, nad World Report, 13 March 1967, p- 16, ,
[22298]on PeaLlnge New Findings.” U.S, Neva and Ee “aport, 27 January 1969, pe 4&
[22299]. the denth asd tte doubt. Hevaveck, 5 Ds er 1966, pp. 25-26.
[22300]The Murder mid the Myth.” Tier, 12 caret “ite anes
[22301]ert abt.” Peveverk, & Apr: » PPe 22-24, .
[22302]aeoptts wa hae plewn Tragedy.” Philippinen Pree Prean, 7 December 1963, pp. 2-3,
[22303]oF . “ pas eer ere rreeiree
[22305]| ae 3 d_How I helped Expose
[22306]Igncten, Joachie, The hippent Lie Ever Told. The wepnedy Praud en p xp.
[22308]sla. Ine author, 1968 .
[22309]BE peovty Ven FiNIeA, The Tall Appalling Story. Londan: Peter Damnay, 1968.
[22311]PR,
[22312]"UM. feseratnation.”
[22314]oper on odth clay
[22315]al anored ee
[22317]dy-Hard aln ‘Folitiache Warhreit’. “kfurte Hefte, Zelrachrimu
[22318]ltur_ md Politik, 22 (2966), 8. . ka Fondete etipeadiate
[22319]Ion Te Peraercdd nee-nee OEY, Srmlet_og pdrandt af Dernarkoamoryke Fondete otipeadies
[22321]; ? Nyt Nordisk Forlap, 1965.
[22322]Theeety” tek "ar Noverbet 1964: The JFK Hevortal Janu) » PP: 336.
[22323]*3.°- "on Races Comiaston to Prove Assaneinatioca.” Congressional Quorter, y Weekly Rep: 5
[22324]6 Dacevher 1953, pp. 2122-2123.
[22325]detest, Peon. "Myeterious Deathe dn the Long
[22326]cusry 1947, po Il.
[22328]2 1964, p. 72 ew
[22329]Jere, We “Bovester io Dallas,” Librory Jae, idnate fal doctor jou pitfcer Gatedn
[22331]aren . .r4do, Des viernes trictens: iin A. m
[22332]fereany arti mri m IME. nsentorta de® ceaiderite Join F. Renae 22 neovierhbre, de 3.
[22333]A Ah 8 ne nS fo de persiderte Jon F. Kennedy, 22 nevienbre, de 1963
[22335]Aftereath of Dallas.” ‘The Timea, 25 Feb-
[22338]Berata;: Pict. rial Horizertes, . a.”
[22339]: hte: a, 1965
[22340]Foe ee ee ee eee alte Dig int, Joly 1966, pps S12.
[22341]Ervcveugh, J, "A Vintt to the Grave. :nol 4 mE center, 164 pp. 728-779.
[22343]5 "racking Tack on the Anniversary. pegtrtor
[22344]+ haee Crees i en Grief." Atisntic, Mer SET» pe ise p 9
[22346]" Selence Srur ietter, 1) October Pe .
[22347]ta; dence “Cormmint Affairs, Hovember-Deceaber 1963, pp.
[22349]—- om, “Rage Gree
[22350]“pow edy Alwe fn he
[22351]“Ts oedy Acnassinarion ~ Covmunist Version.
[22352]Pim ady acsenninationg question of @ second inveatigaton."” New Republic, 12 Novenber
[22354]ty peceteceton: aerething rotten..." Satueday Fyening Post, 2 December 1967, p. 88.
[22355]seas 2 ac coor teste
[22357]ng  Comenrieal, 6 January 1967, pr. Jol-3 . ‘ us
[22358]ee meitar vu, "tira. Renmedy says theok you to 800,000 friends," Life, 24 January
[22359]"71966, pre 178326. se Rennes
[22360]¥, The Iorsoten Sceech of Jote Reret
[22362]at Dallas, Rovenber 22, 1963, £1 Paso:
[22364]me 19c8
[22365]h, 16 December 1963,, 24-25.
[22366]. vepredya: A Nev Life.” ek e "on PA Angust 1966, ps 6
[22368]* ‘e's Raeth: few ts Controrensy vas aa ee z ae
[22370]tom etger
[22372]rfeter fur John F, Kennedz onlaasl. a, Erofinuog
[22374]mee one, StAL1 Mpatary.”
[22376]eye: "i ther, nf 2 bst 4. Gasenk fe
[22377]aN verte reed aoe Coen CUSED. Wieimar WEIS, 1964,
[22378]pt ee
[22380]* , Jul
[22381]Wee 2d. Ploceher. Si wave of doubk; cencereing Ingurst by E.J, Epstein.” Jook, 12 July
[22383]w'Freevkforte Hefte, Zeitachrift fur i
[22385]Kopkind, Andrey, "The Keonedy Myatery Reopened," New Statesman, 29 July 1966, p, 163,
[22386]Koroloveky, Lajos. "Panatienua ep Val Lanonaag. Goulolatok @ Keanedy Syl lkoasag,
[22388]; Nattererol," Vilagoannp, $, no, 2 (1964), e0~87,
[22389]Kristl, aemenite et al. Kennedy: Deeea a Nalleny, Zegrebs Izdrvatka Kuca "Stvarnest",
[22391]Kroeger, Albert R, "The Four Days." TeJeviaton, Jonuary 1964, pp, 27+,
[22392]Krupp, GR, “Day the Preaident died; its meaning and iepact.” Pedbock, March 1964, pps ©
[22394]Kurvoth, Rudolf, "“Gedanken um den Tod John PF. Kennedy," Prankenate fimaterberger
[22395]Heinatblate, 10, no. 12 (1963). —
[22397]“Labor: Union Rally to Johnnon." Buniness Werk, 30 Novenber 196), pp. 46, 48,
[22398]Lane, Mark, A Citizen's Dianent: Hark lene Fepifes, New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Win
[22399]1968.
[22401]——, wernt ocrim: ea farsa, Pio de Jenelrot . Ed. Saga, 1967,
[22403]woos. “The Han in the Doorway.” Film Corment, Fall/Winter 1967.
[22405]ane Runh_to tudpeent, New York: Holt, Rinehart end Winsten, 1966,
[22407]commen, Rush to Judp~nts Greemich, Conn,: Fawcett, 1967,
[22409]—~——-. "Who Killed Kennedy? CBS te Wrong." True Maparine, December 1967,
[22411]“Lane says JFK death fa still unsolved turder." “Publirhara Keably, 22 August 1966, p. 58,
[22413]Langer, ©. "Kennedy's Anoassination: Study Organized by Social Sclentiate.” Sctence,
[22414]December 1969, pp. 1446-1447,
[22416]The Laat Two Dava (motion picture), Naval Photo Center 1211-69, National Archives end
[22417]Records Service Wi: 17,
[22419]Lattimer, Dr. John K, “Factors in the Death of Preaident Kennedy.” JAMA, 24 October 1966
[22421]Lauzon, A. "Au Banc Accusca, une Ville: Dallas." Le Hapazine Macleans, March 1964,
[22422]pp. 13-15, 56-58, ——
[22424]Lavrence, D, “Incredible Tragedy.” U.S, News and World Report, 2 December 1963, p. 104,
[22425]Lavrence, Lincoln fpseud) Were We Centrolled. New ilyde Park, New York: University Book
[22426]1967,
[22427]Lefever, Erneat W. Uncertsin Mandate, Baltimore: John Hopkins Press, 1967, 1968,
[22428]Lerner, Max. “The World Impact.” Illustrated London Neva, 66, no. 1707 (1963),
[22429]« "The World Impact." New Staten=an, 29 Noverber 1963, p. 769,
[22430]Leslie, Warren: Pallan City Linte, tN.py Grossman ind
[22431]“Letters to the Editor, National Review, 31 December 1963.
[22432]“Letters to the Editor; with cditerial coment." Senfor Scholartic, 10 January 1964, p. 1
[22433]Levin, Bernard. "The Bell Tolls in Dallas.” Listener, 5 Decertcr 1963, p. 914, .
[22434]Levy, A. “Day JFK died; what people revenber nov.” Good Hoverkerpin » Novecber 1965,
[22435]pp. 84-87,
[22436]John P. Kennedy memorial edition: all of Life's picturea end text on the eeat phoctd
[22438]ing event of cur ttos, including hia biography and hin eoat enduting worda, Chie
[22440]cago: Ties, Inc,, 1963,
[22441]Life-Itek Kennedy Ansanaination Film Analynia, Lexington, Haas.: Itek Corporetion, 1967.
[22442]A Lonely Sumner for Jacqueline.” Lnok UF November 1964: The JIX Henorinl Iasne), pe G5.
[22443]Love, Ruth. "Television and the Kennedy Asoasnination,” Sev Soclet » 13 October 1966,
[22444]pp. 567-571,
[22445]Litakendorf, Felix, Palins 22. November, Finazentarher Rerfcht, {BaseT] Desch 41965
[22447]. ericht, a
[22448]Maksi, Gyorgy. A Kennedy-gyt loose Kulfonzat mhpott, budapest: Koreuth Kouycktads, 3964,
[22450]"Man Who Killed Kennedy.” Tins, 6 Deceaber 1963, pp. 33A-34,
[22452]Manchester, William R, The Beach of a President, Noverher 20 = Norerher 25,1963. Few
[22453]York: Warpera, 1967,
[22455]—_—_—_, ee Death of a Prestdent.” Look, 24 January, 7 February, 22 February, 7 March,
[22457]——--——. "Dood Van cen President.” Revu Napnzine, 1967 (seven seriallzed parte):
[22459]———-. “John P, Kennedy: Portrait of a President." Roliday Magazine, April, May, June
[22461]Life
[22463]1962, :
[22465]+ “Mort d'un Preatdent.” Parse Match, 1967 (eight serialized parts).
[22467]» Poveratt of a President, Boston: Little, Brown, 1962,
[22468]weno Der Tod Neo Prdnidenten,” Stern Magazine, 1967 (eight serialized parts),
[22470]+ Ber Tod dea Prasidenten, 20-25, Novenber, 1963. Prankfurt: S. Piecher, 1967,
[22471]——-, “Wie Die Kennedys Me{n Buch Bekarpfeo.” Stern Ma azine, 26 Merch 1967,
[22472]"William Manchester's Own Story," Look, 4 April 1967,
[22474]Mendel, T. "End to nagging runora; the etx critical neconds,” Life, 6 Deceader 1963, pe 5:
[22476]Hanoca, Ho “Lome Vigil.” Reporter, 19 December 1963,
[22478]Mansfield, Michael J, Fulopies ta the Jate President ton Pirzecrald Kennedy delivered in
[22479]the rotunda of the United States Capitol, Novesber 24, 3963, New Britain, Conn.:
[22480]Ji. Kapica, 1964,
[22482]o—emnet al. John Fitzperald Kennedy cuingtes_to the Jere President delivered io the
[22484]the tirited Staten Capital, soverher 24, Io by Mike Heanfield
[22486]x hitenee nD
[22487]Earl Warren and John W. MeCareack, Washington: ¢.P, 0,, 1963.
[22490]13-00000
[22492]of
[22494]: Y 5 ac_rurdaved Prenident Kennedy: 973
[22495]vows, Stanley Je Porine rt forte SS Ta Tate Ww Relaciones, 1967,
[22496]moeryred sae otion's Journey.” Tecemarructiontnt, 13 bacreber 1963, pe 3.
[22497]m we Richard, ‘The Kennedy Curne, New Tork: Belmont i ei x.
[22498]ogee ef rersonable duabt.” Life, 25 November 1966, pp. JR ° _ author
[22500]1963, Les Anpelea: The author,
[22502]Nevthevs, J. Four Park Oey in Hfatory: Novenber 22-25, 1963,
[22504]1953,
[22505]Meer, Milton, “Moverher 22, 1963." Proprensive ORT Ee ee 68
[22506]s78 a 2 “wrat They are Sezing,' ener, lover o Pe 2
[22507]we antral Autieein tren Daljea: the Prraident ta Dead, New York: Exposition Presa,
[22508]Mera, Senn BL Rullets 1 t.
[22510]a
[22511]Helle nw “The Aseassinetion Induntry: A Tentative Checklist of Publications on
[22512]sila, Themen Ke
[22514]Awrricen Bonk Collector, Summer 1968,
[22515]i“Kaerica, 14 Decanter 1963, ps. 764.
[22516]ington: Eventgn Star Newspaper Co.,
[22518]the Murder of President John F, Rennedy,”
[22519]Mccoy, Mary. “After great pain; 9 formal [celing.
[22520]: Iq_n-sorion: John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Weal
[22521]Me euthling He “Paris, Noverber 2%nd, 1963." Ircaculate Neart Crusader Noveaber-December
[22522]. - ate Heart Crugotety
[22523]964, pp._&-9. - .
[22524]Me caepy es. *oarria la Mort de Fennedy: L'Awerique devant Elle-Mere."” Etudes: Pevue
[22525]. . ° on oe annem
[22526]tholiew: d'intarct pararal, 1964, _—_
[22527]Fersser sister ie Curlous Tentiemny of Mr, Given.” Texan Mhnerver, 13 August 1971,
[22528]over, § . ne G eS
[22529]Bete for’ ” 1966, pp. 211+,
[22530]th Bag: December 2 Pie "
[22531]men eiector the More, Rot cpenine m7 or the Limit of the Warren Investigation.
[22532]The Minartey of Me, July-August 1966, TP. 29-32,
[22533]TPost Asaaasioation Credibility Chase.” “the Minort
[22535]nA paychiatriot's Retroactive Clairvoyone:.” The Hinortty of One, June 1966, pps
[22537]mre ." The Minorit:
[22538]eed with Deala: How the Keanedy Inveatigation Waa Orgemtsed G Sd
[22540]July-August 1968, pp. 227,
[22542]* . ebruary 1967, pp. 35-36.
[22543]at ceeeees etlin chrontehing eventa of the arsnseination of Jobin
[22544]"23d a7 Cleveland: Bell and Hwwell Go,, Micro Fhoto
[22546]nf One, March 1967, pp. 21-
[22548]of for
[22550]er 22-26, 1753,
[22552]ot a otpes 3 the
[22553]Cans p cho, Harold: “MBroadeast vs, Sources of Information in Eserpent yea ie
[22554]o_m t aiden: tal danasniraton.” Iovens) of Breadcarting, Spring 1 Bes) bre .
[22555]Keocr tari t “Schors of Dallar.” Iliustrated Inndon Newe, 66, no. 1709 ¢ ’
[22556]: at ne “Echor L
[22557]ate 766-768,
[22558]je 66, no. 1707 (1953),
[22559]: . ag Tragedy." Iluetrated London Neva, 66,
[22560]mo Taig, Tee. Sap yperekd Mecok oa Sevijeat Aserike.” Vjenelk u aritedu, 27 Nover-
[22561]ber 1763, p. 604, . / 1967
[22562]~ sven, TF oe ubio Keanrdiz la, Zagreb: Starmoct, :
[22563]rte Seine “TWasirike fe Povela Tatrapu nad Samm Schom.” Botha, 1 Dece
[22564]ied J - 3 ———
[22565]astravicne Hrontka 22, Novexbra.” Rotba, 24 Noverber 1963.
[22566]"Rbijeo Predsetntk SAD Deon Feneci, Jorba, 23 Novenber le inetion,” Rew
[22567]e'sndm, 3, snd 5 Lyra eeds of Doubt: Some Cucetions Ahout the Aseasain o" Rew
[22568]raga, 3. and S. nae
[22570]ita 21 Breen 1263 « 14-17, ’ .
[22571]preety ae de Ta Daliea al Semele ef di fntrevare.” Pentru Apsrarea Pacii,
[22572]crevDer 1766, pp. 19-22. aoe .
[22574]neton and S-rays of autopsy.” Mesrverk,
[22575]O teqatry nreded: questions concermiing the asnasaination.
[22576]ne, 25 Decemser 1966; § Jnouray 1767. saber 1963, pe 6
[22577]ae vedy.” U.S, Newa end Vortd Peport, » e ' t
[22578]wcwgenery The "Cryatal Sall: Condensaticn fron cift of Pra: hecy." Reader’e Digent,
[22580]“Ty, Re. p
[22582]2 235-242 ~v. an
[22583]“re untold Zearies concerning the Death of a President by W, Manchester. U.S, News,
[22584]. ° ie ey ES EE
[22585]Hew Ameri
[22587]* Inouary 107, pe 36.
[22588]aa $3 pete eres » Tee enrh of Preaddent John Fy Reonety.
[22589]_ a . . ha eS | NC + aie «+
[22590], can Libra
[22591]“fe, Wrighe,
[22593]aber 1963, pp. 29> —
[22595]dis meacu
[22597]14 Hoverber 1166, pp. 30-31.
[22598]" New York Times
[22600]satee i
[22601]verpane, Ue
[22602]Ma»
[22604]Rar
[22605]om = AS,
[22607]New York:
[22609]x
[22610]th Newecher the vord fron Dallna wan Neard in
[22612]Veoresear, 5 Geers ec 1963, Pe 12. 1964 26.
[22613]rear’ Uadergeh Hagazine, Jonuary o Pe 24
[22614]i hee ie OR aA teats tenes 7
[22616]ted Mee me
[22620]National Broadcnsting Corpeny. There Wan A President, New York: Rendon House, 196i
[22622]"The Nations: How Sorrosful Bad. Lime, 29 Novecber 1963, pp. 18-39.
[22624].Neloon, Horry, "Lf Kennedy hod Survived: Ljfe in Reopirstor Might Have Been Hie Fat
[22625]Angelen Tires, 7 June 1960, pp. 1. 19.
[22627]"New Assasaination theory: theory of J, Thompson,” Nevnverk, 27 November 1967, pp.
[22629]“Hew conflict over atsonsinaten,” U.S, Nowe end World Peport, $ December 1966, pps
[22631]“New Light on the Assassination: a accret egent’o atory. UeSy Nora and World Reps”
[22632]June 1964, pp. 38-39, -
[22634]Newmonn, Alfred, The Ansanatnation of JIrhn F, Kennedy, The Renaon Why. Bew York:
[22635]Clarkoon N, Potter, 1570.
[22637]Nichols, Dr, John, "Preoident Kennedy's Adrenals,” JANA, 10 July 1967, ppe 1290130
[22639]“Notee and cowvent."” Rew Yorver, 7 Deceaber 1963, p. 45. .
[22641]“November 22, 1963, Dallon; Fhotoa by Nine Byatandero.” Life, 25 Hovember 1967, pp
[22643]"Mow the Trumpet Summons Againe,."” Burinens Meck, 30 Noverber 1963, pp. 31-23,
[22645]“How the U.S. gets JFK autepay.” U.S, Newn and Worle Report, 14 November 1966, p. 8
[22647]O'Brien, Conor C. “The Life and Death of kennedy.” New Statenman, 71, no. 1818 (19
[22649]50-51.
[22651]+ “No ona Else but hin."
[22653]O'Toole, Dr. James K,
[22654]755.
[22656]Kew Stateaman, 30 September 1966, -pp. 479-481,
[22657]"Mourning a Prenident. Roychintric Quarterly, 40 (1966), 73
[22659]"Oo the Far Right: The Aseossination," Commonweal, 27 Deccaher 1963, pp. 384-385.
[22661]"On the Writing of Contccporary History.” Atlantic, March 1967, pp. 69-74,
[22663]"Oswald's Hietoric Diary," Life, 10 July 1964, Pp. 26-31.
[22665]“Other Guns,” Newnweek, 30 Decenber 1963, p. 15.
[22667]Pacis, Vicente A. “Hate Campaign did it." Weekly fr hic, 25 December 1963, pp. 2,
[22668]9a.
[22670]Ponter-Downee, Mollie, "Letter from tendon.” New Yorker, 7 Decesber 1963, pp. 196-
[22672]“Paris: le Coup de Nallan.” Kev Stateani, 6 December 1963, p. 817.
[22674]Parlach, Alexander Yon, "Jacqueline Kennedy: dae Leben einer Witwe,” Stem Hagerin.
[22675]1967, pp. 90+,
[22677]"Pathologist Sleuth Reopens Kennedy Controveray; Suggesta JFK euffered from Addison's
[22678]ma P. Disease." Science News, 22 July 1967,
[22679]‘A Permanent Record of What We Watched from Novenber 22-25, 1963," .
[22680]164, eee Shane . je” TV Guide, 25 Jan
[22681]Phelan, J, "Plot to Kill Kenedy? Rush to Jud
[22682]. 6 Mey 1967, pp. 21-25,
[22683]Pilgrimages to Grave of President Kennedy:
[22684]23 Noverber 1966, pe Ss
[22685]"Piety of it," devish Froneter, Decenber 1963, p. 1.
[22687]Pomerantz, Charlotte, comp. The Hond of the Nation, New York: Marzin{i and M
[22689]q : uesell, .
[22690]“Portrait of a Paychopath,” Newsweek, 16 Decenber 1963, Pp. 82-84, eu,
[22691]Possony, S.T. "Clearing the air.” Kactenal Revelw, 9 February 1965, pp. 113-116,
[22692]Poznancka, A. “Procea a Dallas,” Cite Ithre, April 31964, pp, 26-28,
[22693]Preaident ae agitated by a Gumman at Dallas.” Jiurtrated Lmdon Newn, 30 November
[22695]PP. +.
[22697]"Proaident Kennedy Asnaseinated." The Tiras, 23 Kovenber 1963, p. 8.
[22699]Prenident Keanedy'’a Lant Hour (motion picture). Wolper Production, alias Cinema Asso
[22700]The Press:
[22702]Covering the Tragedy," Time, 29 Noverber 1963, p. 84
[22703]"Priceless Role," Newnweck, 16 Decenber 1963, p. 56 + Pe Bee
[22705]"Primer of Ansasainatéon Theories." Fanuire, Decenher 19£6, pp. 205-210,
[22706]Puche, Ignacio, comp, y aaenini
[22708]4 2 Aaceinato: el nacninato de Keonady en tod: 1 detalle
[22709]Grafiea Ruan, 1963, Sees series Mad
[22711]"A Quiet and Sad Dey," Newaveek, 30 Recember 1963, p. VM
[22713]gment in New Orleans.” Saturday Event
[22714]Shadow S¢ill Cast Over Whire Howe," mh
[22716]Rand, Michee) et al., compa. The Aaseanination of President Yeonedy. London:
[22717]Raskin, Marcus. “Rush to Judgrent," Yair tre Revelw, January 1967, pp. 581-597,
[22719]Reaction in the South,” Fevaweek, 16 Decerber 1963, p. 27,
[22721](Reaction to killings." Sc@ence Hews Lecter, 7 Decenber 1963, p, 358,
[22722]Reaction to the Anoasaination; excerpie fron reports to Chrteeimn Centu
[22723]. Fespondenta,” Chriattan fentmp, 60 (1943), 1616-1019,
[22725]Report from the FAI," Nevavect, 23 Tecembar 1963, ppe 19-20,
[22727]Reyes Monroy, Jone Luto, _fe ore ufdesn; la hella (lor racione} de Guatemala, ala
[22729]Sel gran prea 2 len Fataden Untilen sie Jnerita, scaor Jahn Fy Kennedy.
[22731]mala: Tip, Wacienal, 1965.
[22732]Roberta, C, "Eyewktorss tn Dallas.” 5 Deeexber 1966, pp. 26-29,
[22734]The Truth Abour the Aa asnination, Kew York: Grosset and Dunlap,
[22735]“Horder most foul.” Awricen Neritree, August 1964, pp. 90-106,
[22737]Roberta, Charlen W,
[22738]Robertnon, A,
[22739]e_DAd thio man happeo vpoa Joho Kennedy's Asaenging?” Marlera's Magetine.
[22741]‘a neve cor
[22743]Nevnwnnk,
[22745]Roddy, Jon.
[22747]13-00000
[22749]2
[22751]fe
[22755]a
[22757]fetrz, EF. aad J. Wickey.
[22759]foot, Sirteenct
[22761]Deceubar
[22762]-tor, Ve “No tive for enltective guilt.” U6, New and Verld Peport, 9
[22764]: 2e b y
[22765]to bie ihe repact oa Kennedy Asenssination,” U.8. Hom ond World Report, 12 Octo=
[22767]7 1 2, ; :
[22768]“N te juoseene A comerr7stien with Mark Lene and Exile de Antonls." Film Comment,
[22770]inter 1907, pp. 2-18.
[22772]Passaic, KJ, ued.
[22774]v21t, Bertrand, 16 Questioun ca the Septerber 1966, pp. 867-828+,
[22775]ay Fe poets about Dallase’ t New Yorks Scarecrow, 1969.
[22777]Brochthling rpohy_of th
[22779]‘a, Martin BH.
[22782] telpan, Mikhath.
[22783]lireer Peete E.G. "With Rennady.” Good Nounsreeping, August 1966, pp. 57-67, 158,
[22784]: » Picere F.C. Go '
[22785]. a, 172, 174, —— ;
[22786]— ent sander tater edne A‘Tribute to John Py Kermedz. Chicago: Encyclopedia
[22787]“Who Killed Kennedy?” Progresnive Mannzing, Kovember 1966, pp. 36-
[22789]Britronica Frees, 1965,
[22790]“{coury, Harciror E.
[22792]“Penelutions of the Liberal Dilewma-in the Assassination of Presi
[22793]te," Jonmal of Perrorality, December 1965, pp. 636-648+,
[22795]Emutnik Month}y Digest, Jume, Anguot,
[22797]U.S, Newa and
[22799]»,
[22800]dent Kean Journ A Sceret Agent's Story."
[22802]ta, Atstrvkd.
[22803]Werle Ra
[22804]age, tao,
[22806]: 1964, pp. 3F-39
[22807]a aorta ow Landnr, 9 Novenher 1964, pps 8-1). ‘a
[22808]rronetore, Bhat enema p shiphbdT Fannadi, Bangkok, 1964,
[22809]a 3 werald Kennedy.” Saturday Evenin,
[22811]en tea ete
[22812]:e@irger, Arthur M,, Jr. “A Eulogy:
[22813]* 36 Tecer'er 1963, pp. 32-324.
[22815]Post,
[22817]John
[22819]York:
[22820]‘hMetde, Sister !'. Pernadette, comp, The Trempet surrons wn. John _F. Kennedy. Nev 3
[22822]Vantarc Prean, 12€6,
[22823]-ootber, FAR. cad MH. Yerman,
[22824]1965, Tp. J2-4L.
[22825]“In 'Cercmel’ Siteen Fbl-Agenten,
[22826]. 17 (1969),76,
[22828]“Der Mord von Callan,"
[22830]"Sovenber 22, 1963, & Paychiatric Evaluation,” Science Digest,
[22832]Dallea unch dem Kennedy-Mord.” Der
[22834]Re Pett, 19 (1964), p. 3.
[22836]“Men, ta Th "gas May 1967, pp. 104-107,
[22837]pe ow t Lor eories, Rag 2 y »
[22838]Pan fone Tepes snageing = vont Port, 14 Lacerher 1963, p. 19.
[22839]te 3 re
[22843]nt, Lntarhul: 8ilgia Yayinlari, 1967.
[22844]Tel Aviv: N. Twersky, 1964,
[22846]srr, Mack,
[22848]he 7t.
[22849]wha tee Tey Oe “ € Decerher 1963, pe &
[22850]fs i rat whey tana Te Life, cethe , . 1987
[22851]z oa n aeasey kool?” Protographic-snalyeis shows ao New Evidence.” Time, 26 May ’
[22853]pe 2k.
[22855]“Vans fa Dalles”
[22856]oan, Tabect Lev
[22857]ttt, Jr.
[22859]ecenber 1943, ps 26.
[22860]tt quent tone § ueday Reviey, 14 Decerbor 1963, p. 23.
[22861]fron a Dalles citizen,” Yack, 24 Sareh 1964, pp. 8B,
[22863]“Tire and T 28 Noverher 1963, p. 4
[22865]7
[22867]That Cracccd our Futur . uty 787H,
[22868]‘th, Le “Peatey Fleza," Holtday, Keveoner 2069 PPtaited Prene International (n.d J
[22870]‘hy Merriasn. (re Murcer of the Yrumg Preasa
[22871]~ Williwa ®, “Fanprifaarsen be Comsenauas he
[22873]“e ~~ me = ee ee le oS a -
[22874]earepeaert annedy Anranaination. Washington: L’Avant
[22876]: the afterrire nf the ft
[22877]> An SRE LCR, IN en eee a
[22879]abary behind the Yrnneut agnanhination,
[22880]A bs y.
[22883]. “a bar an ent Fenaedy? The out or ft
[22884]wey ne = fescee, : ch, 9 February 1967, p. 17, 1964) 159
[22885]{anton Unterssche Kennety-Attendat.  Polfyct-Polizei-prozis, 55 (¢ + PP:
[22886]“ond mrtaaior ers vi as Ee ha ft? on
[22888]Pooange Go Beer bay 10 tore 9 S90 2 tae Pe Tha
[22889]AtedGy 51-36; 1 ser ret Eumrent: Di eat of the Soviet Prensa, 18
[22891]nate Proaid
[22893]Teptreher, Ppe ls
[22894]“chee Press Cerrent Following Kennedy's Death,
[22895]ster 1963 be te."
[22896]*,icver aps on WN K. dentine “Levels of Knowledge in aa Emergent Crinta
[22897]te evel .
[22899]Paces’ rr 1865, pn. 234-237. . . nyt
[22900]‘esue, Rickard 1, "The Aneesaination of Preafdceat John F. Kennedy
[22902]The Appltcetion of
[22904]vera co the Photegrephic Evidence.” Corputera and Autenmtion, Kay 1970,
[22905]. slr ere 7 ° -
[22907]“A Mad r. “trihutes to J-hn Fe. Kennedy." Tt Bate’, Aloe ed, Repesrrniative
[22908]we sbiet Fy tay ©, > Wile te
[22909]. ’ Yew Nock: WE woha P. Keonedy: aermonn on bia
[22911]1, cd. Aron nen
[22912]featters, Glen Rocke, Jes Paultet Preas, 1964,
[22914]ae eer a * Look, February 1964, pp. 8-9.
[22915]. ¥ ar on that rrigger.” Mitlook, . New
[22916]need Bete ve et Mn ner A Satution of the Preaident Kennedy Roath Mystery.
[22918]rae
[22920]“Das Teuflinche Sptel im den Kennedy-Hord,
[22921]Mtangfockt," Frebtent.
[22923]“this 1@ a Great Notion.”
[22925]"This nation, under Cod:
[22926]37-39,
[22928]Thomas, J. "Le Monde Libre et le Crive de Dallas,”
[22929]83-58,
[22931]Der Trick dea Veltkorenfem Durchachaut wnt
[22932]he yundachay, 13, po. 49 (1963), 1, 3.
[22934]nemtat, 30 Novether 1963, pp. 901-902,
[22936]Statement by the editors," Pooter’a Digest, Jeanaty 1264, pp.
[22938]JA novretie revue fntemationale, 7 €
[22941]Thoupaon, Joeinh, Six Seronde in Dallas, tev Yorks Bernard Coie Aarfociates, 1967,
[22943]Thompoon, Thewaa, “in Teaco a Policeman end an Assassin ate Laid to Rese, Too.” Look,
[22944]6 December 1963, pp. 528-528,
[22946]Thompson, W.C. A Bibliopraphy of Ltteracure relating ta the Aansaniration of Prestdant Joh
[22947]F,_Kennedy, San Antonio, Texan (n.dy .
[22949]"A Thousand Daya. Life, 16 July, 23 July, 30 July, 5 Novenber, 12 Hovenber, 19 Novesber
[22950]1965, oO
[22952]A Thousand Paya: John P Kennedy in the White Rouse,
[22954]Three patienta at Parkland.”
[22956]Beston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965,
[22958]Teran State Journal of Hrdicina, January 1964, pp. 60-74,
[22960]Thruston, Wealey S. The Trevepeta of Koverber, New York: Bernard Geis Anoociates ad,
[22962]"Time between, Reporter, 5 December 1963, ps 14, .
[22964]"The Tires Iovestigates the Asananination.” Nemunek, 12 December 1966, Pp. 20, :
[22966]Tobin, Richard L, “If You Can Keep Your Mead When All About You: Television and Neve
[22967]Coverage of the Kennedy Ansassination Story." Saturday Pevtew, 14 Deceober 1963,
[22968]pp. 53-54, .
[22970]The Torch In Panned: the Assoctated Preon Story of the Death of a Preatdent,
[22971]Ansociated Preas, 1964,
[22973]"A Tragedy and a Ghallenge.” Businenn Werk, 30 November 1963, p. 124,
[22975]“Tragic Day tn Texae." Senior Scholoatic, 18 Novenber 1965, pe 7
[22977]"Tragic end of John F. Kennedy." U,S. and World Report, 2 Deceaber 1963, pp. 31-32.
[22979]Trevor-Roper, Hugh, "M1 Olte weg Kennedyet?” Korumk, 25 (1966), 1601-2609,
[22981]Troelstrup, Glenn, "New Light on the Assecoination: A Secret Agent's Story.” U.S. News
[22982]and Morld Report, 8 June 1964, pp, 38-39.
[22984]Tupa, Stefan. "Dalles: Declaratii o4 Tpoteze,” Lumen, 12 March 1964, pp. 9-10,
[22986]Turnbull, J.W, “Notea from Texas," Lomronweal, 13 Lecerber 1963, p. 337.
[22988]Turner, WoW, "Some disturbing paralicle; avencaination of M.L. Eling and J.P, Kennedy."
[22989]Rarvarta Magazine, 29 Uime 1968, pp. 33-36,
[22991]"Two Mra, Keonedya, Natjonnl Review, 4 April 1967, pp. 335-336,
[22993]United Prene International, Arochere of frente apes of 91 American nevapanern, Novrrher
[22994]22 to 25.1963, Ncw York: KHK Publications n.d.
[22996]U,S. Congress, House, Comsirtee on the Judiciary. Prenerving evidence prrtaining to che
[22998]ssansoinetion of President Kennedy: report to Accerpery HN. 9545. Washingtons
[22999]G.P.0., 1965 enue
[23001]. .
[23002]“emeenm=, Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Presering evidence pertateing to the engans
[23004]Sinetion of President Kennedy: report to acce-nang HR, 954 ~ Washington:
[23005]G.P.U., 1965,
[23007]Congrena, House Report 1913, suthorfzing qubenena pever_ for Comniasten on Asena~
[23008]slnation of President John F. Kennedy, Feport from Crm ittea em Judictary to
[23010]oat re ee: tn ect ae INE AS eee Ea ome
[23011]accempany HJ, Pesdlution 852,  Decerher 10,,19¢}. Washington: House Docunente
[23012]Roum, 196%,
[23014]w————-. Public Law 202, Sid, Ren 137, joint reroJution authorizing Crowe iaston eetablished
[23016]fo report _upen annaanination of President Joka fy Fennely to compel ettendenes ard
[23017]teetinony of witnirasea and produc
[23019]tien of evi-lenre, Approved 13 December 1963,
[23020]Waahtngton; 6.P.0., 1944,
[23022]scrmwam. 2nd Seosion, 19546, Hemertal aildreanes in the Conpreen of the United Staten end
[23024]tributes in eulopy-of Juhn F, kenordy, late Preaident of the United stetes. Wash-
[23025]‘Ington: GePeOl) 19RD ecient of the United Sreree,
[23026]ington: G.P.0., 1964.
[23028]“Unraveling the myntery of the aneaneination of John F. Kenpedy; the official story,”
[23029]Reva_and Warld Ferort, 5 October 1964, pp. 35-424,
[23031]"Untold Storica: Aftermath of the Aasaasination.” U.S. Neva and World Report, 12 October
[23032]1964, pp. 58-62.
[23034]Uruguay, Biblioteca dek Poder Legialativo, John P, Kennedy: 1917-1963: noticts biografica e
[23035]ocrnion de_nu falleimtento, Montevideo, 1563.
[23037]“USA~Attental-Authlarung Uelaoer Hann Gerucht.” Per Spieget, 17, oo, &9 (1963), 83-86,
[23039]“USA-Keonedy-Attentat: Mord in der Sonne," Der Splepel, 17, ne. 49 (21963), 77-83,
[23041]"USA Mraaidentenuchutz: Penster ey.” Der Splesel, 1/, no. 49 (1963) 86-87,
[23043]"Une and Abuae of Stack Footage." Film Lowrrnt, Fall/Winter 1967, pp. 42-53.
[23045]Ushakov, G. Pry Tieca, 18 March 1964, pp. 27-23,
[23047]"Dallao Merty-go-Round.
[23048]Van Der Karr, Richard K, Cetain in Palloa: an hintaricel atudy of the ectivitien of fal.
[23050]Ba ee ered of the sctivits.
[23051]teJevirnton hreadcantere during the period af President Xeonsdy B sert-sination,
[23052]Bloomington, 1965,
[23054]Venkateswaratoo, Porluri, KeanedThates bina Wadece- natass ence
[23056]New Yorks
[23058]U.S, 88th
[23060]B.5,
[23062]13-00000
[23066]“sLl Steere Revives Past After the Crisie.” Runinean ¥-rk, 30 Noverher 1963, pp. 26-31.
[23068]‘ervar, Pale, Who Cig the Feeete ret few Yorks “‘ertera Prean, 1964,
[23070]‘aner, Fea. “Ese Berpala in ks Fittea.” henix tilererared, 60, no, 437 (1964), 89-914,
[23072]“+9 Tais Mas Seeet™ Life, 21 February i y Pps 20-29.
[23074]vomhSerten Outlook,” “Resinnaa Weck, 30 Hoverher 1963, pp. 1-42, 3103-110,
[23076]V-laberg, Nareld. Phot) aphie Stmwnah yf renged Kennedy Ach ‘39ination, pictures),
[23077]Byettatewn, Ki: The 2 awthor Gede
[23079]Tent Vartes presand Fennedy futopay. Frederick, Hd., 1969.
[23081]anne Lit perrota c€ the Feonedy Autepay, Frederick, Hd., 1969,
[23082]——, Ty, the Fi et Servtes coverva, Hyatteville, Md,, 1966,
[23083]ch, D, cad W, Tumer, ‘lo the Shedewa of Dallas, Rexpartn, 25 January 1969, pp. 61-71.
[23085]sien, Ret. “Bennety assansination; vith editorial conzent.”  Saturd
[23086]14 Samuuary 1967, pp. 19-25, 74, .
[23088]“™ag they eav that Dreadful Dav in Dallas: Teetiuony and Evidence Published."
[23089]7 Decerber 1964, pp. 2839, :
[23091]toler, Feith, "The Rifte that Killed Kennedy,” Life, 27 August 1965, pp. 62-65,
[23093]"sen Kennedy Died." Novmveck, 16 Septexber 1964, p. 61.
[23095]“Scere the ehate cosa fren, New Republic, 28 December 1963, pe 7.
[23097]‘te, Theotare HH. “Asnonsination 1 inquiry: slow, carcful.” U.S. Neen and World Report,
[23099]27 Jenunry 1964, p. 49,
[23101]cows “For President Kennedy: An Epilogue.” ook, 6 Decenher 1963, pp. 150-159,
[23103]siemee, “One vinhed for a Cry, a Sob...Any Human Sound," Look (17 November 1964: JFK
[23105]Editton),
[23107]Satlonal_ Paview, 2 July 1568, p. 642,
[23109]v Killed Keoned=? ibe Crucial Evidence," The Tinea, 9 October 1966, pp. 7-21.
[23111]- Killed Preridert Verredy: Soviet Condolences.” New Tinea, 4 December 1963, pp. 5-7,
[23113]"vas to Blane?" Eeorertet, 7 Dacexber 1963, p. 1022,
[23115]7 "39, Gary. “Dallno: Gat There.” Natioaa Cathelte Reporter, 4 January 1767, p. 10.
[23117]Vitson, Richard. "brat Happened to the Kennedy Pregrap, Leak (17 November 1964: JPR
[23118]scoortal Eastin), pp. 117-116.
[23120]“1, Bavid. "Tt wlll Be Meng Years..." Good liousekceping, February ‘1964, pp. 90-91+,
[23122]sesmee, “Scorer Frfdence en the Kerredy Assasaination, Saturday Evening Post, 6 April
[23124]2968, ra. 79-73,
[23126]a. and Theres 3. Foss. Tye Ti Kenneds. Ifed. San Antonio: The Naylor Co.,. 1964.
[23128]we 8 reste ~i1l Fasse 6 Dallas?" ‘arleans, September 1966, zp. 2-3.
[23130]Year's Aserica: Mods in Tescent.” Corrent Cizgest of rhe Soviet Preas,
[23132]Freniag Pont,
[23134]Rewsveek,
[23136]Memar
[23138]2 RL For
[23140]“wacid Listened . an? Watened: Redlo-iv E
[23141]Erostcactine, 2 Decerber 1963, Pp. 36)
[23143]cia mexurns {nh doubt, fear, and hope,” 4 Tecember 1963, pp. 56-56.
[23145]‘ares the Spot.” Now:week, 15 December “1963, op. 27-28.
[23147]erough, Raiph., “Sennory Perception.” Nevsecek, 16 January 1967, p. 6.
[23149]‘verre of Lightning: Day of Drums,“ Film Cremea:, Fall/Winter 1967, pp, 22-23.
[23151]B. WORLD OPINJON AND EFFLCTS
[23153]2°30 Fujos, Guillermo, The Werld Before a Tord. Barcelona, 1964.
[23155]Eo-ea, Theeas J, “The Kennedy Pegascira® fon: Early thoughts and Enotiona,”
[23156]rensiv, Sumer 1964, pp. 216-2 :
[23157]mit, and taceh 1, Feldman, Tublic Apathy and Public Grief, Chicago:
[23158]ational Oplaion Center, University of th:.cago, 1964,
[23160]Public Opinion
[23162]ae -fon, He "Questiens from abroad.” Saturday Peviev, 9 May 1964,
[23163]Froocam, Robert, “Russia: No, No, This Cannot he , rue.” look, 6 December 1963, pp. 129~
[23164]130.
[23166]2 ‘on of Guilt.” Chriscian Century, 81 (1964), 37-38,
[23167]“ls Leetive Guilt fo the Us $.? Take a Lock at the World: with Excerpts from Addrena by
[23168]Tf-usten B. Horton.” U.S, News and Yorld Repart, 23 December 1963, pp. /2-74,
[23169]Sr. ‘eenive ar tndividnal puate.” ae Va and bi _tior id Feport, 26 December 196), p. 10,
[23170]_ n to the Ansanaination of Preaident Kennedy.”
[23171]Wayver? or 15 a pr. 109-105,
[23174]ny : raat . Mexico: Edftoriai |
[23175]* Keatertan Dg ‘etreria, seat
[23177]w -satfoo of “Burden of gullt.” Chrtation Ceorurg, 61 (1264), 243.
[23178]Ibs tps, Joba Le “The Kemedy Atoeasinaticon a6 Viewed by Comsuniat Media.” Journal tes
[23179]* Mussrerle. Sartne 1966 en VKT1KD —————
[23185](Planner, Janet ("Cenet,” pseud.) “Letters from Paris,” Mey Yorter, 7 December 1963,
[23186]pp. 131344,
[23188]"From friend ond foe in Anerica: aense of shock and disasy at the despicable act, statem
[23189]U.S. New nnd World Report, 2 December 1963, po 494
[23191]Frontek, T. “An Awericen View,” Tehlee, B April 1967, pp. 302-393,
[23193]Greenberg, Broadley S$. and Edwin B. Packer, eda, ‘The Kennedy sananaination and the Ageris
[23194]ublic: social ce~mmication in crinis. Stenford University Prene, 1965,
[23196]Greenstein, Fred I, “Popular Images of the President.” American Jdvrmal of Paychistry,
[23197]122, now 5 (1965), 523-529.
[23199]Habe, Hans, Anatomy of Hatr Hatred: the wounded imd, Londons Harrep, 1964,
[23201]Harris, T. George. "Competent Azeriecan: Eight Views of JFK." Lnok, L7 Novesber 1964, py
[23202]54, 56, 61, 64. .
[23204]Hepburn, Janes, ‘Farevell America, Belgium; Frontier Company, 1968. (Also in German an¢
[23205]French texts).
[23207]“How America Felt." tewaveck, 16 March 1964, p. 33.
[23209]“How sorrowful bad; world rea "reactions," Tint, 29 November 1963, pp. 36-39.
[23211]"Ia Jural Proceaului de le Dallan, Riafolnd Press Sttains.” Seinteta, 9 March 1964, p.
[23213]"In the Nation'a intereat; comaission to Inveatigate the Assansinstion of Preatdent Joba
[23214]P, Kennedy.” Avcrica, 21 December 1963.
[23216]"Kennedy legacy, the people's task.” Comcmenl, 13 Dececber 1963, pp. 335-336.
[23218]Lineberry, William, "The Lingering ‘plot’, Foreign Opinion and the Assassination.” New
[23219]lender, 27 April 1964, pp. 21-22,
[23221]“Lingering doubta; aurvey of public opinion.”
[23223]HeGill, RE. “Speaking out: hate knows no direction,
[23224]1963, pp. +.
[23226]“Der Kord von Dallas Mahot die Welt." Begegnimg, Berlin, 12 (1963), no. 3, pp. 1-2.
[23227]“L'dceddente e le Morte di Kennedy." Rivinca di ntudi politicl internazionali, Florence,
[23228]30 (1963), p. 3. TO
[23229]Radojeic, Miroslav. "Xeko je Amerika Printla Veet a Zlocitnu u Teksasu."
[23231]23 November 1963, p. 18010,
[23232]wweweee, "Zasto je Amerika Cutala?” Politika, 2 Decenber 1963, p. 18017,
[23234]Raina, Rohn R., comp. Editorials U.S.A. Different opinions on different subjects. John
[23236]Kennedy _angaasination. toverher 22,1963, fallen, Texas: The author .0.d.)
[23237]Rajeki, Rayoond 5., ed. A nation Grieven: the Fennedy Angangination In Editorial Carton
[23238]Rutland, Vt.: Tuttle, 1967,
[23239]Sheataley, Pau) B. end Karman Bradburn, “Assassinations How the American Pudlle' respond
[23240]American Psychologica) Asso. Los Angeles, Septerber 1964, pp. 1-19. (paper)
[23241]Sheatealey, Paul 8, and Jacob J, Feldman, "The assessination of President Kennedy. A
[23242]Prelintnary Report on Public Reactions and Behavior," Public Opinion Quarterly.
[23243]28 (1944), p. 2.
[23244]"Soviet Press Comment Follawing Kennedy's Death," Current Dipest of the Soviet Press,
[23245]18 December 1963, pp. 37.
[23246]Tamama, T. Reply to it. Branden's "Queations from abroad." Saturday Review, 27 Jume 1964,
[23247]“Tragedy in Dallas: letters to the editor," Ohristian Century, 8 (1963), 1588-1590,
[23248]Wolfenatein, Martha and Gilbert W. Klimon, eds. ildren and the Death of a President
[23249]aultidiacipltnary atudies, New York: bbe
[23250]Wilson, J.J. Mood of the Nation, New York: Marzani & Mumecil, 1964,
[23251]“The World Resounds: Reactions to the President's Murder, a Sycposium: Wew York, by W. &
[23252]Tokyo, by J, Blewett, Rome, by D, Campion, Washington, by S. Quinles. Bogota, by
[23253]Andrade. Milwaukec, by Q.Quade. Toulouse, by P. Becheau. London, by A. Boyle.”
[23254]America, 14 December 1963,
[23255]“World Weeps and Waits.” Buwiinesa World, 30 November 1963, pp. 30-31.
[23257]cs
[23259]Nevnweek, 6 January 1964, p. 19.
[23260]Saturday Fvening Post, 14 Decembe
[23262]Politika,
[23264]C. WARREN COMMISSTON
[23266]"aa Warren Inquiry stacte; Latest on the egeaseinatione” U.S. Navs_and World Report, 30
[23267]December 1963, pp, 28-30,
[23269]“The asaonnination: The Warren Report.” Ievaweek, 5 October 1964, pp. 32-40, 45-52, 57-6
[23270]666,
[23272]“Autopsy on the Warren Coumlasion: Tiee Ecaay.” Tire, 16 Septerber 1966, pps 54-55.
[23274]"“Retueen two firen: Mro. Onwald's tentiomy to Warren " cosrrinsiica," Tires, 14 February 196
[23275]pp. 16-20,
[23277]Bickel, Alexander M. "Padlure of the Warren Report.” Commentary, April 1967, pp. 78.
[23279]omen, "Reexemining the Warrea Report.” New Republic, 7 Sonusry 1967, pr. 25-28,
[23281]“Brave little woman, M.. Qswald before Warren"g davestigating comineioa.” Kevaveck, 17
[23282]February 1964, p. 17.
[23284]13-00000
[23288]peu, bal the Ware pare nbd Lea? coneere tng H. Weisberg and E.J, Epstein'’s theories ot ;
[23289]he. ° < 4 .
[23290]Fou Reprilic, June 1966, pp, 23-25, : . Jacobson, Dan, "Mean Street: Warren Conmission Report.” Nev Stateanmn, 15 January i
[23292]Cese Agatont Mr. X." Mew Ineeer, 3 January 3966, pp. 13-18, 16-77
[23293]PPe fOr? i.
[23295]rYese, RA, "Portacript to Warren id ,
[23296]F Spectator, 27.
[23297]aaunry 1967, p. 99, Jaffe, Louis L. "Trial hy Newspaper." New York Untvernity Lew Review, My 1965, pp.
[23299]owe Werren tn the Dock tho killed i
[23300]4 Kennedy.*
[23301]371-372, ’ Spectator, 23 Segcenber 1966, pp. Joesten, Joachim, Die Wehcheit ther den kennedy-Mord: wie wmd verua der Warren-Repore
[23303]“ee, Jace>. “The Warren Ceanh - . 3
[23304]. . sston report t Zurich: Schweitzer Verlapuhaur, 1966,
[23305]. ree 5-20, Pore and ita Critics." Provtier, Novesber 1966, (y ° coarse The Geps_in_the Warren Pepart.. Hew York: Merzani & Munsell, 1965, ’
[23306]ete cet the Warrea report omtte:s vital dycunente." na “ Johnson, Marion H., comp, Preliminary Inventory of the Records of the President's Con
[23307]oem on barren © Menton. Hondelein, 111.1 Cal Lagh atime 11 July 1966, pp. 43-49, ° on the Ansasaination of Preatdent Kennedy, Washington: National Archives 8
[23308]pon Pred ' wet na) an & Co, yn.d5 (Journal of the Records Service, General Servicen Administration, 1970.
[23309]. ° _ 7serea Cormiseion Orcs sone . Jones, Penn, Forgive My Crief; a critical review of the Warren Commigaica report oat
[23310]pre 705-715, reports wansvered questions" Natioa, 13 June 1966, . ”  gananpination of Join Fe Kennedy. Midlothian, Texas: Kidlothian Mirror, 19
[23311]~ seen y arren Covaission repore: teatimon: + . 0, Forpive Hy Gricf. Volume Two, Midlothian, Texas; Midlothian Kirror, 1967,
[23312]ree 737-746, y of che eyevitneases.” Nation, 20 June 1966, '*  xempeon, H. “Warren report: a case for the prosecdtion.” New Republic, 10 October 1
[23313]seme, arrea Report and the Irrecoact1 . : . pp. 1317,
[23314]cileblea: Theories of Joniah Thompson and Sylvia - "Latest on murder of Kennedy: a preview of the Warren Report.” U.S, Nevs_and World Re
[23316]Meacher." Matton, 26 February 196
[23317]Crovford, Cuttte et aly Cri ad ea the waren a hard. Th Ever
[23319]Critical Reactions t
[23320]Mremell, 19648, tenet ions to the Warren Report. New York: Marzani 6 Lewis, Richard W, The Scavengers and critics of the Warren Report; the endless parade
[23322]New York: Delacorte Press, 1967. .
[23324]€ weford, Ko "Warren £
[23325]vat wreachers.” Newnunes. }
[23326]Come, Febert 9, "Why the Warren Corisets 4 October 1964, p. 40 : Lifton, David S., comp. Document Addendum to the Warron Report. Los Angeless Sightte
[23327]hetas s pp. 479-539, seiont™ New Yort Naivernity Lav Review, May 1965, . Publications Inc,, 1968,
[23328]ud, gor. The Weicht of the Evidence: : Lynd, Staught "Co by § 4." Ltheracion Magazine, 9, no, 10 (1965)
[23329]fae Wrish P pice: The W : yod, jughton. ment by Staughton Lynd. eration PAZINE, Fy N10. .
[23330]bate Mere een Treas, 1968, San SOE ren Re ort md ita Critien., New York: MacDonald, Dwight, "A Critique of the Warren Report. Pa vire, March 1965, p» 59.
[23331]¢ end Sim va » ” 2 2 .
[23332], Collectors Pusliertienn, pag petate of the Warren Report. Covina, Calif.: : ‘ 16k Tee Tork crams l¥cy ne woe Geraldy ede Bont tagnaine te
[23333]a, Bipritghes of the varren Report. Los Angsles: . —we-ne-, Ghost of Comapiracy, A Critique of the Warren Commfaston Report, Englewood
[23334]Mes and x ine dowd atest Associated Professional Service, ; N.Je? Prentice Hall, 1965. (publication withdramn)
[23335]bey wring doubts questioning the verdict . : ' Malow, Richard, The Kennedy Assannination and the Warren Report. Washington: G.P.0.
[23336]ber itoper ete 66, pp. 364, ct of the Warren Ceunteoton,” Newnveek, : Mateus, Reysond, “The Bastard Bullet; a pearch for lop itinecy for Com{salon Exhibit 3
[23337]rer, Povid. “The barren Report: The Death of a President,” 1 Los Angeles: Rendell Publications, 1966.
[23338]coc ccmey panes ed + Eiberation, January Meagher, Sylvia, Accesnorien after the fact; the Warren Countenton, the suthoritied, 7
[23339]a aiter{al: The Warren Report...2" 1 the report. Indianapolie: BobboMerrill, 1947.
[23340]Piles, A, “ALIen Fallen angwere Uneeen py Liberation, March 1965, pp. 35, womm——,. Subject index to the Warren report and hearings and exhibite. New York: Se
[23341]te Sy 1966." C48, Neve and World Report, 19 Deccaeee eee from statements, Decenber Treas, 1966.
[23342]it'h, W, "the Warren Pepert Tren ee scaher by ps 20, Karl £ Mack. » "Spotli Ww " London, New Stat 2 Oct
[23343]Fie che eaenng Marrs Pebert.” “ektice, beershar 1964, pps 2é2, Maree ook, nee AMOI PorLight on Warrene » Roe seatenzen, eee
[23345]ets the Varren Com-iang
[23346]9-2 eerie a ee ae A es as f bal 7
[23347]Sion ond the esrablinhsent of truch, New York; « "The Warren Report: the Triumph of Caliban." New Leader, 12 Cctober 1964, p
[23352]. . . . enns ays port Wi ques. iN.
[23354]a A Contsaaia Warren 2a busca da verdade, Trad. do Renato ' Mechel, Arertackve La John Keone Je _Renport Varren et seg critiques, §
[23356]Viking Fre
[23358]mote. rel
[23360]aie ctrald of the Gaenin cero eneyae baT. : Milla, And “Who killed Ke 2 The wv Re " Tre Magazine, De
[23361]. of the Warren Report?” Eaquire, Decesber 1966, pp. 204+, , 196? pp “32 2 le * Warren Report 40 Rinhte a,
[23362]ent | . . . . ’ i .
[23364]ete, 70 in Nalica: eper? an: 6 Critics Saturday Review Mo Buy
[23365]Feat Arnold L. EK n: : The Warren R z
[23366]Pp d ite ¢ . .
[23368]2) Sonuory 1967 p. %
[23369]“Ete publisher. faaue Warren pay ” : “ ” 5
[23370]Fis. 3.Py "An othees woe ae Panels terest, Publtshere! Weekly, 5 October 1964, pp. 43-44, Hook. caer dune De ee BOL and the Tegal Process," ane _ani Comment te
[23371]be at. € i Nivew.er 1964, pp. 35-97, *R Mov ren Comatesion Leport,” Saturday Review, Muhlen, Norbert. “Mord und Legende. Die Kritiker dea Warren-Reposts.” Frankfurt om
[23372]mt, Carrane, “Lanse Enda.” Greater Phi lad Der Monat, 17 (1965), 14-28,
[23373]~ me “The Warrer Cometagicn: the Troth eee Menazing, Jenuary 1967, "Myetery makers; J. Sparrow's evaluation of the Warren Commission report and ite criti
[23374]rent cg PE IEIA2: Cage proofs, 19667) ond Arlen Specter." Greater Philadelphia . Time, 22 Gecember 1967, p. 21.
[23375]ec", Gerald §. ard John Ry Stiles, Poreraten of an Annaced ov) Nash, George and Patricia, "The Other Witnenses.” The tiew leader, 12 Occober 1964, p
[23376]Prove 1983, ; OR rear PONE IRS New York: Simon and Schuster, 3 Nes York Tims, The Witnenses: The Highlights of Hearings belore the W-rren Cormisat
[23377]» Paul L. “The Warren Coemisaton and the Fourth Shot: A Reflecs the Aesassinntion of Preeident Kennedy, Nev York: Bantam Books, 1964,
[23378]Cat of Perenste Fact Finding.” kes York Univeredty Lov R leflection on the Fundamentals & “Mew York Times Rime 48 Pages of Report." Editor & Pubjisher, 3 October 1964, p, 61,
[23379]: ty Ghar’ea, An Frantnetiom of the Goatradics ecbaee titer reeked May 1965. : "Nightmare revisited; reenactment fer Warren Commasion.” Nevseweck, 8 June 1964, p. &
[23380]Catt oon a mond: world Publishing Coo Tee ee ena of the Werren Report, O’Brien, Conor Cruise, “Veto by Assassination?” Minority of oe, Decerber 1967, pp.
[23381]FP @ Warren Cons re - ” :
[23382]Gool-tl, KR. md AL, Wandharte et cert ae ta, 17 Septerber 1966, pp. 16-17, Oe eer, july 1908 pe POLE Report and Wearing.” Jonmel of Deter
[23383]Con Epstein and HW. Lene,” Bevorter, 15 ‘Decenber 1966, cn wrath lev; theories of 2.5, Oovald, Prank, "Kan man Seale pa Warren?" Verd-na Gang, 1964, pp. 274-279,
[23384]Tot, bw Revieg darren Corntsaton fro a Procedural Standpoine ” "We York Untverat roy Packer, Herbert ty me Warren Repores A Heagure of Achievencat,” Hntien, 2 Kovesbe
[23385]rvinw, May 94S, pp, 404-423, : ’ 7 Sore Univeraity = PP. 295-299.
[23386]= , ° 'e
[23387]. pore vee emeare 10) Kennedy Aosancination and the English Presa.” tow Quarterl Podhorett, Noreen . “The Warren Comiaaion, An Editorial,” Cowentary, January 1964,
[23388]Hm o's) Os Watren Winwtantentees 3, tee Quarterly . p. 24, .
[23389]es a Coemtaaton, 3 nt, 2 5 H
[23390]n "red That fooanra.,. NOM ar 2 ane Raa Fee 117-118, oe Forking ete "se Reekn, 20 July 1966, re ae the Couspireey Tehory. ccm
[23391]. " a ” Cc Ns emer ey “
[23392]Mee ae Seeatdonn," Bad nay Mecatne, Deea-hep rea, & i on the Ann-spination of the “Poroctlo Warrenove Komlatje.” Lichittanakt daeveik, 8 October 1964, pp, 258+275.
[23393]» Meat the Beereg gonart will] ah," 2,5 Yevn anMuocid “Reaction to Warren Corulasion Report. senior Sero'nstte, 14 October 1754, pe 17.
[23394]teen re 44d, : wie AE orid Pepert, 14 Septenber 1964, "Reeommwendation.” JAMA, 11 January 1965, p. let,
[23395]nner foramn Cowsisaten One-Bullet Theo: : “Reporting the Report Newownck, 12 October 1964 100-191,
[23396]ty Exploded," p iB port. = Neavewncre is c o PP. .
[23397]“p ap. 168-114, P o” Argesy Mogazine, July 1967, Rifkin, So Reply to M, Kempton. “Warren report: a cace for the prosecution.” Ney Pe
[23398]. . Nerakar 1¢ a
[23400]2 7 read the Warren Renert 9 weeteeei n+ oe
[23402]13-00000
[23406]“' ad and Solem duty, cervetand,
[23407]on t
[23408]J) Decerber 1963, np. want
[23410]‘aedria, V , :
[23411]o Vincent J. The Varren Report? a Thiladeiphie Layer Analyzes th
[23413]Back end Weck Wounds..." 1
[23414]. : ac sue Aber:
[23415]Arhoenzarn, Folrh, “let dor Watren-ine tee! rach Ar Mller eein,
[23417]Fret furger dete 20, 10,1(1965), 15-26,
[23419]z, as
[23420]Sear Jay, A Lepal rrer to the Pepore of th arren mraiseion. Jourmal of
[23421]a Wi Co: seion,
[23423]Rate the asanasination
[23424]of J, Kennedy," Iiwe,
[23426]Seahey, Alin Lay ‘
[23427]: le yct 8 Hotes on the Warren
[23428]1 “tips oneal, donee’ 1365, pas Report..." Ameriem far
[23430]S" eyen, Pekere L. "Frerstactent fe
[23431]gy villas
[23432]Peview, 22 July 1967, p. 46, US Nowe Inquiry:
[23434]: — the Warren Report,"
[23435]‘Tevooa, Ws David. “The War port.” Saturday
[23437]swith, p PP 12, 16, 16,
[23438]» RH. "Thinking the unthinkable: the Warren Conmisaion books,” Pp
[23439]; e
[23440]~ Ath, Jehan HAL After the
[23441]; Ager the Aqunseination; pp q id port
[23442]hew York: “erste peur insite # Ponitive appraiaanl of the Werren report,
[23443]tosh oF PP. 4046-524,
[23445]2% OF the Yerren Cormission," Nation, 27 January 1964, ». 62
[23446]ee ee awe .
[23447]1968. rps Dar aac Lonvreintional Quarterly Weakly
[23448]- noe earre . P 2 Oc
[23449]“mon, George CC. The Curae for Truth: _
[23450]TE = tt arrest mape a
[23451]; ae Bonanvinseesd, Glendale, Califormta: C Cc. Thoaaon
[23452]‘oO8 CLINI esther: 3 :
[23453]g idfitn; rhotosraphe and X-Taye tutned over to the National Archi ”
[23454]Teoma, Antho: ‘ “
[23455]. Aww. "The Asge.
[23456]Moke @ 458 “s94nat fon, the Warren Commission and
[23457]. vtive, February 1967, Pp. 6~14, ane the public interest,”
[23458]Hh nhoet Keane dy ‘66284
[23459]Sy S6aatination; was the y,
[23460]theory?) vith interview of A. Specter.” ear vn an wees ree lo ace
[23462]10 October 1986, p. 55, wabiohers Week ‘
[23463]“Vrepoeiua on the W. z.
[23464]arten Copmigsion Report." New York Untversity Law Review May 1965
[23465]eee | nn P i]
[23466]“-et of Suvmsty of Warren Cormlssicn Report,"
[23467]Peeatdene Pome Aquitrieat look at the Marren Repert: or, How
[23468]Natian, 14 Noverber 1965, p. $90,
[23469]JfoomeFeper, Much PL “Slaventy &.
[23470]hPL, ONS pniy Warren Report,” Atiaa Fi
[23471]» February 1965, pp. 115-118
[23472]6b. poe annsae 28. Keva_and World Report, 10 October
[23474]-S. Presidere'a rae Ssicn on sassination re: in iv. cise Compendiun
[23475]4 issic- the sinaci
[23476]wis dere'a 6 q he Asse oP K A Comet Cc 4
[23477]mtn , cf sidene Kenned . 4 i
[23478]of the ssion Feport on the fan inaticn of John P. Kennedy, New Yorks
[23480].
[23481]26 vole, Washington; G.0.P, 1964,
[23483]fm_of the Aasacets on of Pre iene Kennedy: Hearings be
[23484]a id
[23485]td hi i Sidene John F.
[23486]John
[23487]: ed fore
[23489]Yarron Fenort on che Ase
[23491]ao C ten Garder, City,
[23492]ae ten Cemtaaten om th
[23496]With added cierriat prepared by the New 7
[23498]New York: MIOrwarHt 11, 1964, , .
[23500] S2Trch ef the Practdane's Caged i
[23502]we EERE S Cometsgicn aa th
[23503]ee ee ON ea e Assassination of President John
[23505]Resort: — Ren 6 _ Camp: le 5 pre.
[23506]erort af th “ iseton, New York: As aocilated an
[23507]ul: “oA,
[23509]sination of President
[23510]me msident John F, Ke
[23512]Doublutav, Tes, sansa,
[23513]aw tnatt-n of Preaident Kennedy,
[23515]tk Tinen exclusively for this edition,
[23518]selected ard e¢
[23520]ed fron the Warren Coemt fs by
[23521]eee ssicw hearings b
[23523]: aT ae tle Errardims den Pranidenten Jnhn F, Kennedy
[23524]al ciara eel aX. holn: Kicpenhever & Witech, 1964 7
[23525]--. “darren Perert te Fead: Warren Report," Life, 16 October 1966, | :
[23527]eall for nae not enough; voices speaking in contradicet aia
[23528]Se 4 to or te srot inet kenr, Life, 7 Octoder 1366 Seton of report;
[23529]a wate atom. Nation, 28 Decesher 1963, pp. 443 + Pe 38,
[23531]Toma ne? February 1964, Pe 4 . ‘
[23532]ee the death of JK." Senator Scholagt
[23533]: plastic, 18 November 1964, pp.
[23535]“es Comstseton Repore.!
[23537]Tine, 2 October 1964, Ep. 45-50.
[23539]fon fic cole of the prea: in
[23541]7 ‘fhe asa: a
[23542]In Gross, Gerald, ed. The PAd ati of Preotdent
[23543]» 1956, at the Pres, liew
[23545]~ i Paraffin test unse H
[23546]nrg Ietter, oO eee ieee a eee killing etil1 a mystery." Science
[23548]e Preatent's
[23549]uber den Tod Prosiudcne tennedys Glaubwurdig?*
[23551]ven Feport: Letters
[23552]From Readers," Comréorary, April 1967,
[23554]ration of & d ‘
[23555]ir wo resident Kennedy. Washington,
[23559]me
[23561]. Amalric, J. Review of L'afftaire Onvald, by Leo Sauvage.
[23563]as
[23565]"Warren Comission Report: Verdict, One Hm Alone.” World Week Hagazine, 7 October 1964,
[23566]Pp, 9-10,
[23568]"Warren Commission: Tertinony ond evidence.” Tim, 4 December 1964, pp. 25+27.
[23570]“Warren Fingdingns some new facta,” U.S, Newn and Wartd Repert, 6 July 1964, pe dd,
[23572]“Warren Report: A Measure of the Achievement; with editorlal coment,” Nation, 2
[23573]November 1964, 290-295,
[23575]“Warren report; comment.” Cormenveal, 9 Octoher 1964, p. 59. 8
[23577]“The Warren Report: How to Murder the Medical Evidence." Current Medicine foe Attomeys,
[23578]November 1965, pp. 1-28,
[23580]“The Warren Report: Letters from Readers, Conmrentary Mapazing, April 1967, pp. 7-12.
[23582]“Warren Report Wrong, College Teacher Says." Laas Angeles Tiwana, 17 Noverber 1967, p. 18.
[23584]"Warren's Secret." National Review, 7 April 1964, pp. 265-266,
[23586]“Washington News: Kennedy Shot Twice in the Back,” JAMA: 4 January 1964, p. LS.
[23588]Weaver, John D. Warren: The Man, The Court, The Bara. Boston: Little Brown (n.dj
[23590]Weisberg, Harold, The Report on the Warren Keport: or The Six Wise Men of Industan. 1965
[23592]eoveeee, Whitewash, the repare on the Warren Pepart, Hyattstown, Md, 1965.
[23594]Weat, John R. Death of the President. The Warren Commisalon on Trial, Covina, California
[23596]Collectors Pub., 1967,
[23598]White, Stephen, Should ve Believe the Warren Report?” New York: MacMillan, 1968,
[23600]D, LEE HARVEY OSWALD
[23604]Atlaa, October 1965, pp. 249-250
[23606]Ansbacher, Heinz and Rowena R,, David and Kathleen Shiverick, "Lee Harvey Oswald: An
[23607]Adlerian Interpretation.” Psycholanalytic Review, $3, no. 3 (1964), 55-68.
[23609]“Assassination, as the plot unfolda: case against Oavald: How the President was shot.”
[23610]U.S, News and World Report, 9 Decerber 1963, pp. 68-71,
[23612]"Attorney for Oswald.” Time, & March 1964, p, 47.
[23614]Bachmann, Ida, “Hvem Myrdede Praeaident Kennedy?
[23615]Frit Danmark, 22, no. 10 (1963-64), 1-3.
[23617]“Boy, Don’t You Know I'm on Camera?" New Republic, 29 February 1964, p. 7.
[23619]Chapman, Gil and Ann, Was Orvald Alone? San Diego: Publishers Export Company, 1967,
[23621]Cooke, Alistair. “Oswald had Psychopathic Personality: no evidence of conspiracy.”
[23622]Hancheater Guardian, 27 November 1963, p. 11.
[23624]“Counsel For Oowald.” U.S. Newa_and World Report, 9 Harch.1964, p. 16,
[23626]Ducovny, Amram and Leon Friedman, "The Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald (A Play).” Playbill
[23627]Mapazine, 4, no, 11, 12.
[23629]Feldman, Harold, "Onwald and the FBI." The Natton, 27 January 1964, pp. 26-89.
[23631]Graham, J.J. "Acquittal for Oswald; Conceming the movie ‘Rush to Judgment',”
[23633]Commonweal, 21 April 1967, pp. 149-151,
[23635]“Did pregse presaure kill Osvald?"” U.S. News and World Report, 6 April 1964,
[23637]Grove, L.
[23638]pp. 7&79, e
[23640]Hastings Michael, Ine larvey Oswald: A Far Streak of Independence Aronght on by Neglect.
[23641]Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1966. .
[23643]"He waa my brother: excerpts form Lee (R.L. Oswald and others), Look, 17 October 1967,
[23644]pp. 62-664,
[23646]Hewes, Henry. “The Theatre: Sensing History," Saturday Review, & May 1968, p. 40,
[23648]Holmes, John Clellon, "The Silence of Oswald.” Plavboy, Noverber 1965, pp. 101-102,
[23650]222, 224.
[23651]“If Meuvald had lived, could Inparcial Jury lave Been Found to Try Him.” Broadcasting,
[23653]6 January 1964, pp. 52-53.
[23655]Jackaon, Donald. "The Evolution of an Assassin.” Life, 21 February 1964, pp. 68A-80.
[23657]doesten, Joachim, “Laznti Osvald," fslohodente, 21 (19646), 5297-5938,
[23659]meeemm=, Marina Oswald. London: Dawnay, 1967.
[23661]manne. Onwald:  Anasansin or Fall Guy?" New York: Marzani end Munsell, inc., 1964.
[23663]aenmm—n, Minwald: The Truth. London: Dawnay, 1967.
[23665]Jolnaon, Priscilla, "Aawald in Moscow,” Harper's, April 1964, pp. 46-50.
[23667]Kempton, 4.0 "Oawald, May We Nave Sem: Facta, Pleane." Yew Republic, 13 Joe 1964, pp. 13
[23669]Lane, Mach, "Onwatd Innocent? A Lawyer's Brief." Katimnal ardtian Weekly, 19 Decerrer
[23671]“Lee Opvald's Widew tella her story; eurmary of testimony by Marina Oswald.” US. Neve en
[23672]World Peport, 17 February 1964, p. 19.
[23674]Ya Manna, Roper and Gene Ringgold. Ansansin, The lee Harvey Orvald Bieprinhy. Hollywood
[23675]Associated Professional Services, 1964.
[23677]McBirnie, Dr. W.5. What Was ehind Lee Harvey Oavald? The author (a,d.3
[23679]MacDonald, Dvight. "That Onvald Paternity Cane.” Kev Republic, 29 february 1964,
[23681]Ee Defensorat for Oswald Indleveret.”
[23684]13-00000
[23686]io
[23688]nonaid pnd the weight of evidence." Newave=c,
[23690]7a, tary Publication Sire Furor.” Fatt
[23691]on D . Mhor
[23692]mos Milling Discussed." Sofrace Neen Dating} rete i Pe Ae
[23694]rua myttery grows deeper and deeper ® ire ‘ rort, 30”
[23695]nea ° per.” U.S. Neva and Vorld R,
[23696]Paste sire Anaingt the Warren Connlesion.? New Tener, 20 Becher 19ehe vet Pr AS.
[23698]. Jo, he Onwald Cane Should be weopcned!™ Dionne "ey,
[23699]tngane, H geent 13, no. 5 (1966),
[23701]meee et Lee Onvalg." 7 April 1964, p, 265.
[23703]Phin, Richard H, The Second Sivald. New Oks, 6
[23705]+ Tae Se Pawald, York:
[23706]Rsynolds, futh, "The Cosald kiddie. ™ Coronet, ¥, ony on ee
[23707]Mar 967, pp. 122-127,
[23709]Fava, " "
[23710]—— “Tharsis teeta icant <aih_u-rijedu, 25 August 1965, pp, 694-695,
[23711]et : Sic _au Rapport Yacren, Paria: Lea Editions de Minuit,
[23713]9 December 1963, pp. 36+,
[23715]1945,
[23717]wwenes Geeucht:  fkenna a Marder 0.
[23718]es none dy fe
[23719]: The Oweld Af alr,
[23720]stone, The Oneal’ Affair:
[23722]Affaire Cevald Vien, Munchen:
[23723]. eee March 1964, pp, 55-56,
[23725]Pn _exerination of the cent dt
[23727]eee We Pree. Cleveland: World Publiahine Comey ae Sninsions_of che
[23728]"The Second Orvstas an Bochange of Lovee nae” EOPEED 2 JonUAry 1966, pp, 26-26,
[23729]Se. B Cters.” Now York Review of Books, 6 October 1966,
[23730]{tes, Paul,
[23731]sayder, Lb.
[23733]Molden, 1967,
[23735]Lee Ustvey Cavald and the A
[23736]“Lee Csvald's Colles cee eee
[23738]. April 1965, Pp. 68-73,
[23739]“atrev, Jota HA, "Making Myateries about Onvald,"
[23741]“safferd, Jean, a Marcher in Hijet
[23742]: . p History. :
[23743]A feras Joan stem Lendon: Chatto 6 Windus, 1966,
[23745]Lat . Marguerite Oswald.” MeCalJ'
[23746]Seranse World of Lee Oswald: More Light on the Asocaninatinn, ae ies oa
[23747]Beccrt, 16 December 1963, pp. 60-62, ° Semen and world
[23749]~™ehili, eee yee Harvey Ald wan ive been acquitte or the our ine oO ohn F.
[23750]. ny I. Ha Orvald idh b. 1 df hi di f John F
[23751]wow 2 e! tu the
[23753]“~ amiley, Kerr Chicago: ‘
[23754]wypeneeys heres ¥. RO: New Classics Mouse, 1965 1
[23755]re wareng aerten. Rey Repetltc, 29 February 1064, pevkget |
[23756]mmrmtesion’s Case Against Oswald." New Leader 22:8
[23757]Ne ’ overber 1965, pp. 16-2).
[23759]“a9 Cawald Culley? A Judictal §
[23760]1983, po. s9ercate urming up of the Warren Report.” New Statesman, 12 March
[23762]“eek an the Sun; Varguerite Oswaid's Te: ony,”
[23764]“eat, Jesancyn. “Marinas Cavald Porter: ‘seven
[23765]seat on ee 229-132, 134-135,
[23766]Cavata vella, Manuel, Quten dio el £
[23768]Colusbi ana, 1967, seth a cevels?
[23770]New York: Pageant Pr
[23771]Wow Science ha- led Kennedy's Killer,” Popular fctorcs
[23772]a .
[23774]Atlas, March 1965, pp. 173-174,
[23776]Newsweek, 7 December 1964 2
[23777]$ . >» PP. 2830+, _
[23778]even Years After Dallas," Redbook, August 1970,
[23780]Bogota: Editorial Revistal
[23782]E, JACK RUBY
[23784]7 Aeaasination: A Nenentity for Hi " 2
[23785]ard, Suttle, "Verdict on Jack Ruby ere oie pe art
[23787]“Te Malete th eng ee, Carcolis 27 March 1963, pp. 32-34, 348, TOA~T71, 74,
[23789]Dallan Jencic
[23790]Trim, aes ten. Hterp| we The Peal Story of Jack Ruby and Hie
[23792]*Iram, 5. “Tells tla Public Relations = =
[23793]February 1eben at Pn ons Role in Rub? Casw." Editor and Publisher, 2
[23794]fcltahaa, Pry Join iW. "Dia Jack Ruby Kil :
[23796]. RUD ] the & ”
[23797]7 phy PR. 27, 96-101, sere mn’
[23798]7 Psy Teh?” Sunda Tineg 9 October 196
[23799]. . _ & } :
[23800]“. hlios, Sanford, “who Kiiled Jack Ruby?" bend x
[23802]7 : . Poal Magazine, Apri] 1967
[23803]et, Fiunic, "The Last s Hi Renu ‘pebruary 19
[23804]. tee doers, Madnesa of Jack Puby.” The ‘iew Pe ublic, 11 February 1967,
[23806]"00 werd Jenks tesed
[23807]1964, 5, 40,
[23809]Life,
[23811]Argoav, September 1967,
[23813]mony of Jack Ruby to the Warren Commission.” Tine, 28 August
[23815]Ko cana, Emece,
[23817]Sw "8, Elppt, Someone of Madnena: :
[23818]Tree. People vs. Jack Why,
[23820]Gores. Clmer aad Wayne B, “Lerptetro,
[23822]Chicago and New York: Follere,
[23824]° sche Trial of ‘State Canes': A Postscript on the
[23826]2 memewnews LG,.no. 2 (Spring-Summer 1967), 265
[23828]Te ferme Nuby Wi ‘ : t rere
[23830]oD reblasge iia wo Meet the Chase of a Long Deal Scott,” Hife,
[23832]“ra, Joachin. the 7. Out the Case of lack Ry
[23833]ES 2 eas oe
[23836]t ad
[23837]9 nie of La Verieé Sur leCas de Jack Buby.
[23839]Barta: [d!tle: Cantersin, 167.
[23841]Ruby Triad.’® PePaul Lew
[23843].
[23845]no
[23846] @ing the guns prey 3 Mer, ‘
[23847]. > FFeatture dimlosures," te Atweeh, :.3 July 1964, p. 50,
[23849]“1, Joba sad Joo BR, Wales,
[23851]The Trtal af Jack Zuby. New Yorks, MacMillan, 1965,
[23853]i
[23854]A
[23856]*"Radio-TV Newarmen Teattfy in Ruby Trial.”
[23858]21
[23860]Kempton, Murray. “Noy, Den't You Know I'm on Coseral™ Rew Republic, 29 February 3964,
[23861]s——--. “The Digposeble Jack Ruby.” Spectator, 13 Jomunry 1967, pe 35.
[23862]————.- "Ruby, Oswald, and the State,” Spectator, 2] October 1966, pp. 506-507.
[23863]Levis, Richard Warren, “A Pleshy Lasyer for Osvald'a Killer." Saturdey Rvening Post,
[23864]8 February 1964, pp. 28-30.
[23865]Linn, Edvard, "Appointment in Dallns: The Untold Story of Jack Ruby." Seturday Eventi
[23866]Port, 25 July 1964, pp. 24-26, 28, 33, 16-37, 40, 48-47. ‘
[23867]Popa, Stefan, "Dallas 'Paziti'l Sine pe Ruby." Limea, 26 March 3964, pp. 10-21.
[23868]—-——. “Dallas: Preceaut Ruby.” Lunea, 27 Pebruary 1964, pp. 6-9.
[23870]“Public Relations Firm Sets Press Rules for Ruby's Trial." Edtter and Prhiteher,
[23872]28 December 1963, p. 9.
[23873]"Radio-TV Barred from Ruby Trial." Broadcasting, 23 Decesher 1963, p. 56.
[23874]Brondeasting, 16 March 1964, ps 74,
[23876]Revere, Guy. "Jack Ruby: The Mafio’s Han In Dallas. Saga, March 1967, pp. 28-31, 86
[23878]90, a
[23880]"Ruby and the King of Torta." Timea Literary Supplement, 17 Harch 1966, p. 221,
[23882]"Ruby Death Verdict: A TV Spectacular.” Fditor snd Publisher, 21 March 1964, ps lls
[23884]"Screen Test.” Newsweek, 10 February 1964, p. 60. .
[23886]Stem, R. Le Proces Ruby~Pallas. Kapellan, Belgium: Beckers, 1967, |
[23888]‘What's your source?"; preaature publication by Journal-American of Ruby's Testimony
[23889]before Warren,” Newnveck, 31 August 1964, pp. 66-69,
[23891]Wills, Gary and Ovid Demaris, "The Disposal of Jack Ruby.” Enquire, June 1967,
[23893]Wille, Gary and Ovid Demario, Jack Ruby. Nev York: Kew Ancrican Library, 1968, '
[23895]Worthington, Peter. "The Limelight: Why Jack Ruby's Firat Erial Couldn't Happen Here.
[23896]Maclean's, 18 April 1964, pp. 3-4.
[23898]"You All Know Ke. I'm Jack Ruby.” Pegquire, May 1967, pp. 79-87, 1532-164.
[23900]P. QUESTION OF CONSPIRACY
[23902]“Any number can play: question of whether the essessination was the work of one man,”
[23903]Revaveek, 7? Noverber 1966, pp. 37738.
[23905]Berendt, John. “If They've Found Another Assassin, let them Name Names and Produce the!
[23906]Evidence." Esquire, August 1967, pp, 80-82.
[23908]Besson, Waldenar, “Die Schusse von Dalles. War eine Werschvérmmg dea Hesses om verk?"
[23909]Die Zeit, 19, ao. 33 (1964), 6.
[23911]Buchanan, Thowaa G. Who killed Kennedy? New York: Putnam's, 1964,
[23913]Carlos, Newton, A Connpiracao, Rio de Janeiro: J. Alvaro, 1964,
[23915]Cutler, Robert B. The Flight of CZ399: Evidence of Conapiracy, Beverly, Mane.’
[23916]Print, 1969.
[23918]- Iwo Fliphtpatha: Fvidence of Conspiracy. Danvers, Masa, Mirror Prese, 1971
[23920]Davis, Nord, Jr, Dallea Cenapiracy. Hollie, N.yt The author, cnedo
[23922]Epstein, Edward J. Counterplot. New York: Viking Preee, 1969,
[23924]Fairlie, H. “No connpiracy but perhaps two aseassins?” New York Tima Maparine, 12
[23925]Septeaber 1966, pp, 5255+,
[23927]Goldberg, Arthur, Conaptrary Interpretations of the Asaryeination of Preaident Kennedy:
[23928]International and Porestic, University of California Security Studies Project
[23929]Paper Numer 16, Los Angeles: University of California, 1968.
[23931]Gosset, P. and R. Lthorre qui_crut tner Kennedy. Paris: Prenace de le Cité, 1967.
[23933]Hartogs, Renatus ond Lucy Freeman, Jhe Tyo Anrasatna, New York: Crowell, 1965,
[23935]Hermann, Kal. "Wer war Kemedys Morder?” bie zeit, 19, no. 15 (1964), 7.
[23937]Hi11, Richard J and Charles M, Bonjean, "News Diffusion: a Test of the Regularity
[23938]Hypothesio." Journaliam Quarterly, 42, no. 3 (1964), 7.
[23940]Karp, Irwin. “Debate over Dallas: Theorfes of John Sparrow and Sylvia Meagher.”
[23941]Saturday Review, 9 March 1968, pp. 113-114,
[23943]Lauzon, A. "Omwald a-t-il tue Kennedy?" Hackon'a, Harch 1964, pp. 1-2.
[23945]“A Matter of Reasonable Douhr," Revu Magazine, 20 Jenuary 1967, pp, 18-26.
[23947]“More than one men." America, 7? Deceaber 1963, p. 722.
[23949]“Mythaakera; myaterious deaths of people involved in case," Tiere, 11 November 1966,
[23950]pp. 33-34,
[23952]“New Lipht on Second Aanangin Theory,” A World
[23954]“Hew Orleans and the Cubans: Who waa ready to Help Cavald,
[23955]1967, p. 12,
[23957]“Phantanmaporia; cho murdered Kennedy?” Tim, 25 Noverber 1966, pp. 34=35,
[23959]“Policas Ubil Kennedija?” Veeeinit Saratevrki lint, 24 December 1964, pp. 298-300.
[23961]Murder, Murfreesboro, Tean.: Sword of the
[23963]Rica, Joha R. What Wan Rack of Kennedy's
[23964]Lord Publishers, 1964,
[23966]Onni-
[23968]U.S, Neva and World Report, 29 May 1967, p. 14.
[23969]Tue Tinea, 29 February
[23971]13-00000
[23973]Themes, Harford. “Chance or denten?™ Monchenter Cuardian
[23974]7 ° srreenteecutrdian, 28 September 1966, p,
[23976]“owen, Jont-\. “The Crons Fire thet Killed !r-sident Kennedy; veacerpte pad tad
[23977]an pent net late” Saturtny Frentng 2ent, 2 Decenher 1967 pp. 27-31,
[23979]m Preanion, JH. "Did Lee Warvey Cavaid Act without telp™ Hew York Und vers3 ty Lane
[23980]vseedtens Teer et 84 Ren 3 (1965), 466-467, 7 -
[23981]“Mer # (ue men alone,” Senfor Schotaetic, 7 October 1966
[23982]volpsetny Nae x The Plot te Ki Ir, Ghicngo: Novel Books, 496300
[23984]“levers, Harold, “Kennedy lurder: Buried Preof ” f
[23986]pp. 2891, TOD, $2 eget ECOs of a Conspiracy!" sa A» April 1967,
[23988]eee Orvald in P i
[23989]" Rocha AEF eof Comapizncy with the CIA, with the CIA, New York:
[23991]Mclrh, David and David Lifton. “The Care for Three Assassins,” Jaruary 1967, pp. 77-100.
[23992]se font o7
[23994]“why @ plot vas f
[23995]1964, athe vhen Kennedy was Shot," U.S. News and Horld Report, 6 January
[23997]Ceayon
[23999]G. JIM GARRISON
[24001]“ALL the elerents,"
[24002]timanse of #f
[24004]seek, 10 March 1969, PP. 36+,
[24005]inventionation into the wsansination of John F
[24006]Kuntin: Reaearele Pub Lee ee Ee Kennedy: the
[24007]yduntine Research Vublleationa, 1968, a the
[24008]an
[24009]be Mega atren, Anything in Conon?" Minority of One, October 1967,
[24011]a Apaaswination: Rourk "
[24012]ytaeetnathen: "Macy ne MendLinene™ unset 1 arch ine? Poe hat,
[24014]1387, me eh vestigation: How end Why it Begon." New Orleens, April
[24015]an eae ne sairtaon's inveatigation of a plot to kill JFK,” Nevaverk, 15 May
[24016]“ser, Milten BL othe Ger a : ’
[24017]or Eig be Mew ovieint lin Onittien'e” Taceetigetons” emseehs"6 March 1967, ps 32,
[24018]oth ents Sail air yeit tee ye ne
[24019]trom, Je rod nC, Giriss, "iw Orieane: xcraene wrnosce ee vent Beare
[24021]week, 17 March 1969, p, 108, ee” | APFED 1967, pp. 17-20,
[24023]“¢cvsting Big Jia."
[24024]‘crteins for the LA; phy
[24025]2969, p29. yaiciens exarine photogrephe and X-raye," Hewsveek, 2? January
[24027]"4, Wins a Rowads Jie Garriacn's 1 " e
[24029]: 2 5 avest "
[24031]way Iteration," Tire, 7 March 1969, pre peed, Tints 24 March 1967+ pps 17-28,
[24032]I-?fome Defendere,* Tevaveek, 26 February 1969, r. 33,
[24034]‘rend, Willdam FP, Se. “ine P
[24035]» ne Preas: Uts Actions anc Reactions," Nev Orlesna, April 1967,
[24037]Pp. 12-33, $2253,
[24039]fortsing Ebverd tae. "Gated "oN I
[24040]° 300, eas, a lew Yorker, 13 July 1968, pp, 35-49, 42, 49-52, 54-56,
[24042]“- © of the durricose,” Nevewnek, 3 March 1969, op, 244,
[24044]Fi-veende, Paris, 7 Fernie ly
[24045]- 2 aS COPIPL TAT: An unrominaioned report on the J: hiast
[24046]New York: Meredith Prene ,* 1969, a2 Gatrisen
[24048]Jnvestiz
[24049]Gervtoon, Jial a anf Stone, New York: Puthan, 1970,
[24050]Evideure; excerpts from atatemente,” Reporter, & February 1968, p. 10.
[24052]2 “haw Oflea
[24053]risen Crder Fire,” Zhr_Feavowtac, 25 Fel-ruary 1967, p. 730.
[24055]{aor vs, the feople,” Thee 44 March 1969
[24056]o yg : 29
[24057]("re rd, Alex, "Chey Sime Tolle His Story." Thateee WVUE
[24058]a Te . Transc:
[24060]Genre} 21, New Crleans, 11 March 1969. ripe of TY teterview, Station ,
[24062]» Jiu Garrlaon Tella iis Story.” Transcrizt
[24063]4 of Tv
[24065]. eenel 1:2, Kev Orleans, 13 March 1969, J interview, Staton me
[24066]Ir cacniveble conn vance,” Tirn, 12 January 1968, Pp. 14,
[24068]Tra, Evelyn. “Several Plote™ Clairs District Attorney," Send, Timen, 26 February 1967,
[24070]dro, Fonerary md Jack dD, Wordlaw, Plet ar Politicn? The Carrinjon Case an. ts cast, -
[24071]AS 7 2 q di
[24072]New Orleens; Pelican Publication, 1967, > ,
[24074]Jvctag 7
[24075]R, Tanchin, The Gerrt The Truth and Crnsequencea, Landon: Perer Dawnay, 1967.
[24077]clears Shaw,” fe, 2l Merch 1 ome 16,
[24079]4, Jamea, —
[24081]hee Tse Accent of the Gay Shmv-Jip Garrison Affair in the
[24083]eo a Lisnardtee ~ Mev Yorks” Siren and Sehupl ar, 1970, —
[24084]mu * wea a Lut Jim Garrisen,” Luna, June 1967, pp, 97-100,
[24086]"am Mag Loved Fenn-4y
[24087]‘OC Gree Séanaa." Np 29 4? February 1969, p. 36, .
[24089]‘ON the Kennedy dasroginal
[24090]4S, Neen pnd Uaeta tion chargea, concerning Jim Garriaen‘a Tv. broadcaae."
[24092]Ties, 21 February 1989, p. 18,
[24094]sone pee ee
[24096]23
[24098]"More than a Man in the Dock," Tine, 16 February 1969, pp. 25-25,
[24100]“Nev Orleams Plot." Sentor Scholastic, 14 April 1967, pp. 18-19.
[24102]Norden, Eric, “Jim Garrison: A candid conversation with the Eobattled Diatrict Attorne:
[24103]of New Orleans.” Playtioy, October 1967, pp. 59+.
[24105]“Odd Company.” Time, 10 March 1967, p. 24,
[24107]Phelen, Jaaca. "To Old New Orleans: The Vice Man Cometh.” Saturday Evening Pont, 8 Jur
[24108]1963, pp. 67-71,
[24110]Powledge, PF. “Ie Garrison Faking?" New Pepublic, 17 June 1967, pp. 13-18,
[24112]Roberts, G. "The Case of Jim Garrison and Lee Oswald,” Neu York Times Ha azine, 21 May
[24113]1967, pp. 32-35,
[24115]Rogers, W. “Persecution of Clay Shaw." Lock, 26 August 1969, pp. 53-5h+,
[24117]"Round One," Newnweek, 3 February 1969, p, 31, . :
[24119]"Shutting Up Big Houth,"” Tiee, 25 August 1967, pp. 48-51.
[24121]"Sideohowa in New Orleans,” Tim, 31 January 1969, p. 40.
[24123]“Sifting Fact Pron Fantasy: Use of Truth Druge in Jia Garrison's Investigation.” Tire,
[24124]31 March 1967, p. 41.
[24126]“Sleight of Hand: Jim Garrison's Assasaination Investigation Extends to FBI and CIA,"
[24127]Newaweek, 22 May 1967, p, 40,
[24129]"Smiling through, ° Newnweek, 27 January 1969, pp. 27-25,
[24131]Smith, Merriman, “Jim Garricon and Wis Sources of Evidence." Manchester Cunrdian, 18
[24132]1967, ps 2. ;
[24134]"Talea of Garrison,” The Economint, 25 March 1967, p. 1145,
[24136]"A Taste for Conopiracy." Ilewrenck, 20 March 1967, p. 76. .
[24138]“Thickening the Plot: Judges support Jim Garrison's plot Theory." Newoveck, 27 Merch 191
[24139]p. 37. . .
[24141]Turner, Willies W. "Garrinon Comaisaion on the Assassination of President Kennedy...”
[24142]Ramparta, January 1968, p. 43,
[24144]"Tyo For the Seenmy," Newmurck, 3 July 1967, p. 82.
[24146]"What Conapiracy? Testioony of Perry Ruano," Nevraveek, 24 February 1969, p. 33.
[24148]“What Garrison Proved." New Republic, 15 March 1969, p. 9.
[24150]Young, Roger.. “The Investigation: Where Lt Stands Today." New Orleena, July 1967, pp.
[24152]H, WILLIAM MANCHESTER
[24154]PL'Affaive Manchenter."” Triveph, Jonuary 1967, p. 7.
[24155]"ha the book appears: a close look at the facta; concerning The Death of » Pregident,
[24157]by Williom Menchenter," U.S, N-wn_ mid World Report, 23 January 1967, pp. 50-52
[24158]“The Assagsination, The Donk,” Nevavech, 10 April 1967, pp. 34-35,
[24159]"The Aanssaination; Who Can Understand It?" Nevnvec’, 16 January 1967, pp. 28-29.
[24160]"Battle of the Book; Manchester's The Death of a President.” Tim:, 23 December 1966,
[24162]pp. 15-18,
[24164]Bennett, Arnold. Jackie,  Rebhy and Manchester; The Story Behind the Headlines, New Yor
[24166]Bee Line Books, 1967,
[24167]“Book that backfired; concerning Reath of a President by Willies Hanchester.” U.S. Revs
[24169]and World Report, 26 Dacesber 1966, p. 36.
[24171]Cafiero, L..  “Manchenter Book Alledges Com Lag Day JEK Killed.“ Electronic News, 3 Apt
[24172]1967, p. 22,
[24174]Cannon, Jacea K, and Edward Kosner. “Manchester‘s Own Story.” Neveweck, 30 January 1967
[24175]pp. 21-24,
[24177]Churchill, Randolph S,_ "The Hanchester Book,” The Timer, 13 February 1967, pe 13, 14
[24178]February 1967, p. 11, : .
[24180]Coit, Margaret L. “Hoverber 22, 1963." Saturda Review, 15 April 1967, pp. 30-31,
[24182]Collins, RS. "Kennedy va, Fook, Manchester, Harper & Row; an Inforval Gloseary of Press
[24183]Relattonun Techniqueo.” Public Retations Journal, April 1967, pp. 13-15.
[24185]Cooke, Alistair, “Fresh Shots in Kennedy Book Battle.” Manchester Guardian, 24 January
[24187]1967, p. 9.
[24189]“ra. Kennedy Suffers Grief She Sought to Avoid.” Manchenter Guardian, 21
[24191]December 1966, p. 7.
[24193]Cory, J. “Manchester Affair," Soturday Review, 9 Septerber 1967, p. 61.
[24195]Cunliffe, Marcun, "A courtler's obsequics,” Review of Denth of a Prestdent). New
[24197]Society, 20 April 1967, pp. 580-581.
[24198]“Death of a President; Excerpts from the Introduction to the Annual Report of the Librart
[24200]of Congrens For the Piacal Year Ending June ¥, 1964." Library Journal, August
[24202]1965, pp. 3173-3176.
[24203]"Eines PeBsidenten Reise in den Tod; Willian Manchester bericitet dle valle wahrhett she
[24206]13-00000
[24208]. >
[24209]Traherntine, damerh,
[24210]Peta, Arnold L,
[24211]Ted Over fe
[24213]- "Leak UHUpht free Pallas." Hew Pe
[24214]Ma lepsl Right of Privacy." Sativa
[24215]ftltratdent. Intenst fies an Manche
[24217]le, 22 April 1967, pp, 20-22,
[24219]ter A
[24221]-atka Kenuedy Pamily and Aids,"
[24223]; y T. WO Jenuery 2967, pp. 88-29,
[24224]ethrcith, Juba pe eo Am. Kennedy Jus eo n Lslis! cy,
[24225]th uy Was kK dy Justified in Bringing Sufet" satued: Review,
[24227]. Nardetel, BMincSeth. "Blew Th. Hee York P
[24228]tere . Pe Dee vork Pevles of Reoka, 20 April -
[24229]“aphea, Ed. “Trelata of Gevervrent in Foile Tacclenn Battle moeveen ens Ren tay re
[24230]. , and ¥, “oncherter,” Neeoveek, 6 Febtuary 1967 p. 20, nedy Pantly
[24231]we Hol tay fplrit." Nevaveek, 9 January 1967, p. 25 uo
[24232]™ to Lona over: Leng rrening row ter's
[24233]re as, r over Manchester's Buck,” Reumerek, 6 February 13967,
[24234]“In the ttours ACeer Dalles: “the Book and
[24235]H the Tenant 3
[24236]7 by Wo, tenchester.” U.S. 4 key
[24237]Jacqueline Kernety's Victory." Eee
[24238]sw aten, Joachin. The Cane Ap 2 Xpgnes. 5 °
[24239]Tepe Levine he eet eee bat conedy Clon. Munich: Tha author hd
[24240]“be Keaedys: Temporary cenec Fire ne Seg ope 202,” PPe 26-29.
[24241]opkind, Aadrew. "The Kernedy ‘Peak. Patties a stmt “On beeeaher 136
[24242]ante bevarts rJecqurl tae A. Fennedy, Plaintl fi T Tinea %6 Decerber 1966 0
[24243]ensier, Paul, he Parts That W he”
[24244]| , ioe hat Were left Out of the Kennedy Book," Realiet, May 1967,
[24245]‘tarzan, Fetec. "A Brilifant Honate of event,”
[24246]heey “Airth Pains of o Beek,"
[24247]a 4e Stained Gleas Image,"
[24249]cit_end Ver d Report, 20 February 1967 = .
[24250]rock, 2 Jewry 1967, PP. 16-19. Pe Sie 32,
[24252]ra Monazineg, 8 April 1967, p. 3,
[24253]ew, 9 Septerber 1967, p. 61,
[24254]S, August 1967, pp, 4-7,
[24256]4 bled Callauy
[24257]merrater, Williaa, "“Willisn Manchester's Own Story." Look, 4 Apedl 1567 rp. 62-66
[24258]Seren . » FP. °
[24260]wntherter Beal: ewpite Flava and Error, a Story That to Larger than Life or Death." Tine
[24263]7 ApELl 1967, pp, 22-73,
[24265]arher, Sylvie, Alter the Bectle, The Book,” The “inority © Mme, June 967, pp. 25, 27,
[24266]. 4 y of 1
[24267]%. Renne!y heaches Accerd with Harper & Row snd Wtlliea Manchester, Publishora Veeck. »
[24268]23 Jéaunsy 1967, p. 222.
[24270]“sins, Allan, ersyecctuin, Moves gi
[24271]M paul 180), ope Pa t and Useful, but s0 exipperating.” Panorama Ha azine,
[24273]Tonthy Je, We Private G ny
[24274]. ern ele Grief of Public Figures." Saturdry Review, 21 January 1967, pp.
[24276]“ttutle: Soreatine Sontroveray,"!
[24277]5s nef aye” Tine, 6 January 1967, pp. 16-27,
[24278]. Sa Peri Ad is Book of the Century." Thie_Yeok Mopacine, 7 January 1967, pp. 6-7,
[24279]AB, Picherd }, ter Guile and Depth Reactiin to the Devth of a Preaident uo .
[24280]ic cr Mytie Review, Pall 1966, pp. 81-82, _ —
[24281]" Faguire, June 1967, pp. 244,
[24283]irhe Ah that Bonk; Concerning The Death
[24284]' wie ; J ar , of a Pres
[24285]leedia, wena eam” £ fous gud Herida Fovort, 6 Februaiy 1967, aos mee
[24287]pre Sansa. J ne News, ‘Mr. Manchester.” New Statenmin, 21 April 1967,
[24289]“hme, Beebora W "The lita ' zy."
[24290]pp. 27. 3i, 71, orien'e Opportunizy.” Saturday Ravtew, 25 February 1967,
[24292]~ Calder, Lavrence, The Untold Story: why K
[24293]: far’ hooks, & ory: why the Kianedys Jost the Book Ratele, New York:
[24294], are ver a meme LL Tive, 17 February 1967, p. -78.
[24297]wie ‘ Tanaety men ay Manchester's Reeth of a Preatdent." Senior Scholastic,
[24298]1 iid, Cary. "Muchester's Upheaval," Na
[24299]eae 4 e  Mationa) Catholic Reporter, 29 March 1967
[24301]rm, Francis. “¥enchester and the Kennedya.” Sunday Tinea, 15 January 1967, 'pe 10."
[24303]eee adeennene an onn! - . °
[24305]1, LYNDON PAINES JCUNSON
[24307]towing Rite of Lay end Kennedy: Pehind the Furor over a Book, Concermming the Death of
[24309]ELPxeeiscat, by wn Ks ad i
[24310]“7 ~~ b iencheater,"” U,5. Sewn _end Yorld Report, 2 January 1967,
[24312]Hoss, Se Evetts, A Team book y Stud2 An weaken Rewer
[24313]o « me hme: AAC . donz A Feud: 2 = :
[24314]» Fato firs 2 W%,y 1264, sata sated AD Biisgteteate Fore. Canyon, Texas:
[24316]fone Apainet Lesunn Be Jet "1
[24317]Ved et SON Es Jcmaon inkbic Assasnineed
[24318]ie ee ee nation of President
[24320]mE. Ishnson. Londo: Peter Dewnay, 1966,
[24322]2g : tere te oe
[24323]~ ‘ crite The Cosresa: addreas delivered before a-fot ts
[24324]: dotie Haan ul fepresmtatives, Washington: G.P.0., i363 a
[24326]Irv, 2k Janusry 1967, pp. 26-27,
[24328]Concerning The Peath of a Prenident,
[24330]Hevaverk, 26 Decerder 1366, pp. 39-43,
[24332]a Pr f Wiliine Manchester Charges Outdoor Life
[24333]eau Toward a Natisaal Tragedy.” Outdosr Life, October 1967,
[24335]oe ae we gee cee
[24337]. Lomax, Louie, To Kil} a Black
[24339]Johnson, LB. "“Preaident'’s Proclamation, June 6, 1968," Vital Speechea, 15 Tune 1964,
[24341]“Johnson takes oath ae nation mourns Kennedy," Senlor Scheliatic, 6 December 1963, p.
[24343]Knebel, F Letcher, “After the Shota: *he ordeal of Lyndon Johnson." Lock, 10 Mareh 19
[24344]Pps 26-28+, .
[24346]"LBJ on the Asscssination.” Newaveek, 11 May 1970, p. 41. .
[24348]Lincoln, Evalyn. Kennedy and Johnson, Wew York: Rinehart & Winston n.d,
[24350]McReynolds, D. “New York Letter: Macbeth in the White House.” Saturday Night, Deceab:
[24351]1966, pp. 22-23. ;
[24353]TT, MARTIN LUTHER KING
[24355]“Accused killer, a clumsy man with closed eyes.” Life, 26 April 1966, p. 423.
[24357]Adamo, S.J. "Measuring up the Catholic Presa and Rev. Martin Luthar King, Jre" Americ:
[24358]4 May 1968, p. 624,
[24360]"Aa 150,000 naid farevell to Dr, King." U.S, News and World Report, 22 April 1968, pp.
[24363]"Aenassination,” Time, 12 April 1968, pp. 18-2).
[24365]“Assassination according, to Capote.” Tine, 10 May 1968, p. 65.
[24367]“Assaseination shocks nation; vith quotations.” Seninr Scholastic, 25 April 1968, pp.
[24368]18-19,
[24370]Bennett, Lerone, Jr. "Hartyrdom of M.L. King.” Eheny, Nay 1968, p. 174,
[24372]aon. What Manner of Mant A Blopraphy of HIK. Chicago: Johnaon Pub, Co., 2968,
[24374]“Big Munt for mystery killer,” U.S, Neva and World Report, 29 April 1968, pp. 8F.
[24376]Blair, Clay, The Strange Case of Jara Earl Ray, New York: Bantam Books, 1969,
[24378]Boutelle, P, et al, Murder in Memphin. ;tl.p. Merit Publications, 1968,
[24380]Brown, Mra, Julia. Pleroe Dene licip Glorify Martin Luther King. TACT Coumittee. yo.d.
[24382]Cameron, J.M. “Britiah view on Martin Luther King.” Crmmonverl, 26 April 1968, p. 164,
[24384]Clarke, J.W, and J,W, Soule, "How Southern Children felt about King's Death.” Trans-Ac
[24385]October 1960, pp. 35-40. . -
[24387]"Deepening myetery of Dr. King's Assansination.” U.S. New md World Penore, 27 May
[24388]1968, p. 10.
[24390]"Did Ray Kill King?" Naticnal Review, 23 April 1968, pp. 376+.
[24392]“Doctor King.” National Reviev, 23 April 1968, pp. 376+. .
[24394]"Doctor King’s murder: nagging questions remain.” U.S. News and World Recort, 24 March
[24395]p- 13.
[24397]Halberstan, M. "Are you guilty of murdering Martin Luther King?” New York Tinee Magert
[24398]9 June 1968, pp. 27-29+.
[24400]Hole, W.B, “Story of Seres Earl Ray and the plot to aseogsinate Martin Luther King.” L
[24401]26 Noverber 1968, pp. 96-97+,
[24403]Hule, We. B. et al, "why Jameg Barl Ray Murdered Dr. King.” look, 15 April 1969, pp.
[24405]102-104,
[24406]“James Ray: wanhunt ends but mysteries remain,” U.S, Neva and World Report, 24 June 196
[24407]pp. 34-36,
[24409]"King ia the man, oh, Lord,” Rewnweek, 15 April 1948, pp. 34-28,
[24411]ick Man. Loa Angelest Holloway House, 1968,
[24413]“Han in Room 5." Tim, 12 April 1968, p. 21,
[24415]“Martin Luther King and the right to know," Amertea, 22 Merch 1969, p. 123.
[24417]"Wates and Comment.” New Yorker, 13 Apri] 1968, pp. 35-37.
[24419]O'leary, J. “Greatest aanhunt in lew enforcement history,” Reader's Pigeot, Auguat, 19
[24420]pp. 63-69.
[24422]“Raining a whirlwind; Ray's plea of guilty.” Tire, Z1 Karch 1969, pp. 16-17.
[24424]"Renctions to the slaying of Martin Luther King; sycposiwa,” America, April 1968, pp.
[24425]534-536,
[24427]Turner, W. “Sone disturbing parallels.” Rarparta, 25 January 1969,
[24429]Watters, P, et al, "Beale Street and points North," Notion, 22 April 1968, pp. 529-535
[24431]“Where is Jomen Farl Ray?" Newaveek, 29 April 1966, p. 21,
[24433]"Who killed King?" Newawerk, 22 April 1968, pp. 32-33,
[24435]"Who Killed King?" Tine, 26 April 1968, pp. 20-21.
[24437]“Widening Sesrch." Time, 19 April 1968, p. 20.
[24439]"Willard, Gale, Ray?" Mational Review, 7 Hay 1968, p. 432.
[24441]Woodbury, Ro "Murder clues: hand prints, a car chase and a silly smile.” Life, 19 Apri
[24442]1968, pp. 40-40a
[24444]"Year later: honore for Dr, King; violence, too.” U.S. News and World Report, 16 April
[24445]1969, p. 8,
[24448]13-00000
[24450]III, ROBERT P. KENNEDY
[24452]“ha Accused: Pay and Sirhan,” Life, 21 June 1968, pp. 24-%4
[24454]“Aftermath of a transdy; boy'a des
[24455]want 1568 pe ase hate, a senator slain.” U.S. Heup _and Morld Report,
[24457]coettcen Rerilare, Editors of, PIK: Aa Life end Pe.
[24458]’ . 3 . sath. Nes
[24459]ied Kennedy Record,” U.S. Kevan and Sarid Peport, 6 Kay en ns 50-58 wee
[24460]Rea To be or Hot ro Fe Eurvtck, 29 Janvary 1968, pp, 18-39. .
[24462]. ae i sections on the Siraha trial.” Ratinnal Rovlew, 11 March 1969,
[24463]Sowaroa, JM. “From Eagland:
[24465]. glend: the death of Keenedy.” Conver], 28 June 1968, pp. 429=
[24467]x.
[24468]LJardi, John, Hemmer of Specking: cove: '
[24469]woking; TV cove " Saturdoy Review,
[24470]. 29 Jime 1968, 0. oy 3 rege md radia rage.” Satur: Rev,
[24471]echirg ayveholn.” Re. rveck, 14 Jul
[24472]2 Y y 1969, np, 36+,
[24473]: 2 Comictence of BPE forter, 22 Fehimary 1963, p- 12,
[24474]wche, Terence J, “fulogy tn Kobert P Keone Delivred
[24475]. at the ”
[24477]coe g DUIS Luly 1968, pp. saTeseg se Rimerale Batak
[24478]_ eh of a berecrat.” Anortea, 19 July 1969, p. 22.
[24480]‘ole eee PEK. The Men Yio would Be Preatdent,
[24482]Premend, BL. "Sirhan through the look tr $7 »
[24483]itu 390979 sorigh & glans; <estinony of paychiatrist."” Tire, &
[24485]ary Tobhy Ceperd. Howe a Chanees™
[24486]tT ombwcry, Richa
[24488]ew York: 6,P, Putnam's Sona,
[24490]Saturdry tven’rs Pore, 20 April 1968 48,
[24491]~ “New Yurkeer Warp aa bani Trienta B y he : B.
[24492]" Tenet bos 108, wee de an Ys endy Return with Body.” Los Anpeles
[24493]flea, vais F Pere Court, Appearances Suspect Given Leprension of Cocky, arrogant
[24494]3 ore wy to a kootres; with reperta b . Vs
[24495]Tk gree 18e8 np aes P y be t invripht end T. H. White,”
[24496]Je CP othe .
[24497]* eA we none Eulogy for 'Geed ed Decent Him'."' Low Ansalen Tires,
[24498]Co ny Re My ta me Malia, Jom
[24499]Co . me. wWcalla, June 1973, pp. 39+
[24500]: ems pes TTrevels with Achby Frunedy," “tarp-r'a. July 1968, pp, $1-61,
[24501]"oe BALL “latfenes ext For Bobby," “icy Tark Then Frnarine, 5 196A, 32!
[24502]tp Cladatn, Vernedw Stace Fatreerly Critical’; Smipeety herb Tat pret, Avtaipoeds 2
[24504]Fres'dat srs Cuapl on Cmdidates.” few York
[24505]ne : a hea.” Rew e_Tivea, 6 June 1968 1, 20,
[24506]Poa tps “are . : eee ae * Pp. 1, 20,
[24507], Mae. & om Cuba: an Insider's fealvats, Grcemal, 22 Roverber 1968, pp.
[24508]r *ten, Feheor A,
[24510].
[24511]97, Smictal Wott Scnarers RIK Arewastnation, Rew York: Random Houne
[24513]Neoy Cupertrsctes?” Eloorlty of Oon, Sertether 1758, Fp. 9, 16,
[24515]. “os 9a. freinedp: the Ghise” IS. Paen ard ar
[24516]af oe ELS. Be nA Mora Broort, 2 '~
[24517]° . “thle tere of ‘68; Year cf Stork,” Lite, } mene 1369, ae PPe 28-30.
[24518]ccly: story cf the latent IF) b 2S. « i
[24519]or pees Robby reat.*” U.S, Yen mad World Feport, 1 April 1968,
[24520]denon, Galt : :
[24521]ao Grltrey. Shy Pohere Zeraily ere Ktlted. “Mew Yorks third Preas, 1970.
[24523]5, DIE Ca prem,
[24524]“tev we. Sh -tee
[24525]; Sa
[24527]Ser, Sctuber 1958, pp. 12-13,
[24529]ee, Recrm*, 3 Moy 1999, po. 344,
[24531]hey win, “Coursrsations in Jail with © aning 2
[24532]vt Terry Inge greater j irhan, 2 oeme Ne, Wolf." Life
[24534]ato- ome, TTT pee : 7
[24536]ary aes Me, Ree York: Grove Preen, 1930.
[24538]nerardy Mate Lach of his 42 vearn eoumt,"
[24540]Los _Mngeler Tivea, 7 Jone 1968,
[24542]op. 2, 16,
[24543]Tew +, Them 3, F
[24544]" ° ‘on 3 ‘The Fire of your Love (June 3, 1968)," Arerica, 15 Jane 1968, back
[24546]Lt » Sheintsan Tod a e .
[24547]” dy Candidary,* Qheigttien Century, 27 Kareh i968, PP. Teor ime 1968, pe 39
[24549]So anaedy Cause," New Repurife, 15 June 1968, pp, 34,
[24551]“Ds sgee Thak Kation far? vid “det:
[24552]AMA, ope Ty Mee nh them PECK Starmeth ard topes” Rev York Thea, 16 June
[24554]Flr Myer
[24556]waneck called calm ond lucid, ..$4r
[24557]in ier salons” tn teen tees Suns hee tgerives hirself as Jordanian bora
[24558]oral ’ Mather,” Thee FI larch 1464, Pe 1d, woe
[24559]- ty Tem OP eee ise
[24560]an a, i rentcen: aets Sunday an day for Meuvrcing.” Lon Anpelen Tirea, 7 June 1968,
[24562]“isciog vord; reprint." 0.5 fiersn °
[24563]Sonne . 2 tiersn_ans Yard d rt, 17 June
[24564]t+ Sof the Kenondy crapedy,” U.S, tion ma WVorid Peport, iv Sune 1968. on aan
[24566]Oe EA Rt PO ee
[24570]SN a yy,
[24572]“Letter aod the Lav.” Bruewreh, 2 June 1567, p. 33.
[24574]“Letters to the editor.” Huy, Inne $966, pp. 16+,
[24576]Lowell, Nobert. "RIK: Pores.” Bew Roy ltc, 22 June 1968, p. 27. :
[24577]lyons, Lovin M, “Arerica Revelts AT%, Meanerhenetts Review, Sramer 1%8, pp. 573
[24579]. Martin, Dem. "fem Martin talks shovt his drinking, Une Nafle, Trenk Staetra, Gore
[24581]Bobby Lenwdy. Interview edited by Orisna Fallsci.” Look, 26 Decenber 1? |
[24582]- pp. 18-85, : . ‘
[24583]Mehdi, M.T. Kennedy and Sirhon: Why? Hew York: Rew World Preas, 1968.
[24584]Moore, T. “A Bit of the Way vith AIK." Ave Maria, 28 October 1967, pp. 6-9.
[24586]"Mother and son.” Kewaveeh, 17 Febroery 1969, p. 33.
[24587]Muggeridge, Malcole, "Elevation of Senator R.F, Kennedy.” Vaquire, November 1968,
[24589]pp. 216+.
[24590]Kavasky, Victor, “Robert 7, Kennedy, Martin L, Ring, J,£. Hoover = who did {t to wi
[24592]Ationtic, Novesber 1970,
[24594]"New clues in RFK death: was there a plot?” U.S, Neva aid World Report, 24 Jume 196!
[24595]» 36,
[24597]: P
[24598]Nevfleld, Jack, "Rennedy Laya Out a Got Cawpaign.” Lt{e, 29 March 1968, pp. 26-31.
[24600]"Notes and Comemt." Rew Yorker, 15 June 1968, pp. 21-23. .
[24602]» Nev Torker, 22 June 196A, p. 19,
[24604]O’bhessker, Kori. “lewn the Primary Stretch, from Indima to Oregon.” Ration, 27 Hs:
[24605]1966, pp. GA2,
[24607]“Once Again, Once Apain.™ Nevaveek, 17 June 1968, pp. 20-40,
[24609]Osborne, John. “Hebranka Primary, the ifa, anda, md buts.” Nerv Republic, 18 May L'
[24610]pp. 2-9.
[24612]“Other Sithan; teetinony of propecution’s paychiatrist,” Newevrek, 14 April 1969,
[24613]44-45, .
[24615]“Psychiatry on trial,"
[24617]Reeves, Richard, "The Kaking of a Candidate 1968.”
[24618]1968, pp. 25-27,
[24620]Reich, Ken, “HcCarthy Suapenda Political Activitico; Anka Prayer Vigil,” Toa Angels
[24621]Tiron, 6 June 1968, p.B 18,
[24623]Reichley, A.J. "He's Running Mimnelf Out of the Race.” Fortune, March 1968, pp. 1L
[24625]"RYK."” Ghristian Century, 65 (1968), 807-808,
[24627]"RFK; The Bob Kennedy we mew.” Lonk, Juna 196A, entire ianue.
[24629]"RFK: the man, the dream, the tragedy.” U.S, Newn_end Vorid R
[24630]16-158,
[24632]Riesman, David.
[24634]“Robert F. Kennedy ad the Negro.” Fhony
[24636]Roberts, §.V. "Sirhan B, Sirhen literary nepotiations,”
[24637]LZ-1344,
[24639]Rogers, Warren. "Bobby's Decinion.” Look, 16 April 1966, pp, 22-80.
[24641]Rogers, Warren and Stanley Tretick, "The Bob Kennedy ve Knew," Look, 9 July 1968, 5
[24642]J1- 36.
[24644]Rovere, Richard H, "Letters from Washington.” New Yorker, 15 June 1968, pp. 90-96.
[24646]Scheer, Robert, “The Night Bobby Died,” Ravpartn, 10 August 1968, pp. 56-58,
[24648]Schlesinger, Arthur MH, “Why I am for Kennedy.” New Republic, 16 May 1968, pp. 39-4
[24650]"Second thoughts on Bobby.” Time, 21 Jme 1968, p. 48,
[24652]"Selectivity in Los Angelea,” Titre, J January 1969, p. 40.
[24654]Shihab, Aziz. Strban. San Antenio: Naylor Co,, 1969.
[24656]"Shack of violence hits the carpainn.” Nuainesa Week, 8 June 1968, pp. 36-42.
[24658]"Sirhan guilty.” Sentor Scholantic, 2 Hay 1969, p. 19.
[24660]"Sirhan takes the stand." ,Newaweek, 17 March 1969, p. 37.
[24662]"Sithen; tragedy of the sbaurd. Newnveek, 24 March 1969, p, 324,
[24664]"Sirhan's trance; tentimony of psychiatrist,” Nevaweek, 7 April 1969, p. 37.
[24666]"Sirhan's Verdict.” Tina, 25 April 1969, pp. 21-22,
[24668]"Socking it to "em: Travels vith Bobby.” Time, 5 April 1966, pps 22-23,
[24670]Sorensen, Thendore C, "RFK: a Peraonal Memoir.” Saturday Reviev, 22 June 1968, p. 19
[24672]Steinbecker, John, RFK: The Mm, the Mysticion, the Nurder, Loe Angeles: Isport
[24673]Publinhers, 1969, :
[24675]“T.R.A, from Woshioptons who's putity,” Kew Republic, 15 June 1968, p. 2.
[24677]“Taking the oath,” Nevaveck, 25 Anguac 1969, p. 47.
[24679]“Teat cane; renponaes to pepcholopical testa," New 1, 2 April 1969, pp, 94-95,
[24681]6), 13-16,
[24683]"Three Aspaneinations." Mincesty of Mr, 10, no. 9 (
[24684]Lon Angeles Tines, 6
[24686]National Review, 6 Hsy 1969, pp. 427-428,
[24687]New York Times Magarine, 31 Mart
[24689]ort, 17 June 1968,
[24691]"McCarthy and Kennedy." New Fepublic, 13 April 1968, pp. 22+23,
[24692]» July 1968, pp. 29-32,
[24693]Fayuire, November 1970, pp.
[24695]“Toward. the Gan Charber." Tire, 2 May 1969, p. 15,
[24697]Tewnsend, Dorothy, “Witness Reporte Girl said ‘We Shot Hin'.”
[24698]1968, p. 11.
[24700]“Tragedy in Loa Angelen,“
[24702]"N.S. cudle in Aqnanainationa
[24704]Amertea, 15 June 1968, p. 763.
[24706]the talk and the. fartea ® 1S Mauwe and Unvid Benace
[24708]13-00000
[24710]28
[24711]“Verdict oo Sirhan," Nawrveek, 28 Anril 1969, pp, 41+. .
[24712]Weiss, P. md MN, Mances, “serlections on a tragedy.” Savmmteen, August 1968, pp. 294-
[24714]293,
[24715]“What vas in Sirhan'’s mind?" ize, 24 January 1969, p. 54,
[24716]Weick, Paul 2. "The Cregon Prizary.” New Yenubdlic, 3 June 1958, pp. 4s-15.
[24717]“Win or lose, the Primary Plavers." Life, 7 1968, pe. 25-62,
[24718]Wise, David, "Row Bobby Plans ta ‘Win 7 Dist, 4 June 1564, po. 73-27.
[24719]“Witnesses speus,” Newrweak, 24 June 1958, pp. 20-27,
[24720]Yoakum, Rodere. "Kennady md McCarthy: 1995-1957 Voting Record,” New Repudlic, 11 May
[24722]1968, pp. 23-27,
[24725]13-00000
[24726][1 UNCLASSIFIED = (J (RIERA [CONFIDENTIAL [ SECRET .
[24727]oe ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
[24729]SUBJECT: (Optional)
[24730]for (05 2e-8h> (Weusees cirresron ]
[24732]"DATE ‘| - OFFICER'S
[24733]INITIALS
[24734]RECEIVED FORWARDED
[24736]To: _(Officer designation, room number, and
[24738]building} COMMENTS (Number. each comment -to show fram whom
[24740]fo whom. Draw a line across column after’ each comment.)
[24742]om 610 “site (] secreT [] CONFIDENTIAL [[] INTERNAL = [7] UNCLASSIFIED
[24744]1300000
[24748]Cr unctassifien Ey “HNTERNAL
[24750]USE ONLY
[24752]| SUBJECT: {Optional}
[24753]‘Harold Weisberg Appeal /LITIGATION.
[24754]FROM:
[24756]. Ae Stilson
[24758]TO: (Officer designation, room umber, and
[24760]building) “Bibicen s
[24762]INITIALS
[24763]FORWARDED
[24765]i)
[24766]& if
[24768]RETURN TOr
[24770]H. Stilson
[24771]8
[24773]PRIORITY
[24775]yoee 3749
[24777]HANDLING) ~
[24779]Oo SECRET
[24781]oO CONFIDENTIAL
[24783]REQUEST NUMBER .
[24784]IPS -76-382
[24786]DATE SENT |
[24788]28 Februar 1976
[24790]COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom |:
[24791]to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) |.
[24793]Please review the attached
[24794]documents for release to
[24796]Also, please review the :
[24797]material for classification,
[24798]r t-Downgrade all documents to
[24799]CONFIDENTIAL where possible.
[24800]Classification reviews must
[24801]be done by an officer with
[24802]TOP SECRET classifying
[24803]authority. All decunents
[24804]have been stamped with the
[24805]Classification Review stamp
[24806]for you to complete. bocumeats
[24807]that you agree should be
[24808]downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL
[24809]should be stamped with the
[24810]downgrading stamp.
[24812]If liaison is being claimed
[24813]as an exemption for deletions
[24814]indicate the part that is
[24815]from liaison and identify
[24816]the service for me please,
[24818]Thanks -
[24819]Helen
[24820]These documents cover Dr.
[24821]King. You have already
[24822]completed the Ray documents .
[24824]FOIA REQUEST.
[24826]o no oO UNCLASSIFIED
[24831]eft A ge A RON SNES ARE TO AN NEE RAR saa Tits tee meee" mane ie Homes secant emg Ratner oe EE ee waren Sonat anes Rams TTT
[24833]( UNCLASStFIED =) INTERNAL [] CONFIDENTIAL [SECRET
[24835]PRIORITY HANDLING
[24837]SUBJECT. (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER
[24839]| farola Weisberg Appea2/LITIGATION 1PS-76-382
[24841]FROM:
[24844]TO:: (Officer designation, room number, and ear :
[24845]building} OFFICER'S’. | COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[24846]INITIALS — to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)
[24848]Flease review the attached
[24849]documeats for release to.
[24850]Mr.-Weisberg. iracket in red
[24851]that part of the text you
[24852]believe should be deleted —
[24853]and give the proper FOIA
[24854]exemption for the deleted
[24855]naterial.
[24857]Alse, please review the
[24858]material for classification.
[24859]Downgrade all documents to
[24860]CONFIDENTIAL where possible,
[24861]Classification reviews must
[24862]be done by an officer with
[24863]Hf
[24865]TOP SECRET classifying i
[24866]authority. All documents ~ |
[24867]have been stamped with the u
[24868]Classification Review stamp :
[24869]for you te complete. Yocunepts
[24870]that you agree should be
[24871]downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL
[24872]Should be stamped with the
[24873]downgrading sta@ap,
[24875]Ig liaison is being claimed
[24876]as an exemption for deletions
[24877]indicate the part that is
[24878]from liaison and identify
[24879]tae service for me please.
[24881]Thanks -
[24882]Heien
[24883]These documents cover ur.
[24884]RETURN TO! a King. You have already
[24885]He Stilson nT-3 cowpleted the Ray documents.
[24887]PRIORITY HANDLING) FOIA REQUEST |
[24889]i278 37H Os SECRET O CONFIDENTIAL O USE ONLY [-] UNCLASSIFIED
[24894]13-00000) oe necanenn em meen veces en ceneraen ene seman Sieve tate ate a
[24896]~] unciassiFieo =f] INTERNAL | [] CONFIDENTIAL C1 SECRET
[24898]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[24900]SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER
[24902]Harois Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION LPS-76-382_
[24904]FROM. ; . a . “ EXTENSION
[24906]: we : . . 2 hoe we 190732: .. : ,
[24907]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and i
[24908]: building) OFFICER'S COMMENTS: (Number each ‘comment to show from whom |. .
[24909]has | seceven | rorwanoeo | INITIALS fo whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) |
[24911]DATE SENT.
[24913]documents for re
[24914]Mr. Weisberg. BY
[24916]be done by an officer with :
[24917]TOP SECRET classifying é
[24918]authority. All documents
[24920]have been stamped with the
[24921]Classification Review stain
[24923]for you to oer he
[24925]Thanks -
[24926], idelen
[24927]These documents cover Ur.
[24928]RETURN TO: King. You have already
[24929]ite stilson uil-3 completed the Ray documents,
[24931]PRIORITY HANDLING = FOIA REQUEST
[24933]O58 3749 = SECRET Oo CONFIDENTIAL Oo Use-onty _L)_ UNCLASSIFIED
[24936]13-00000
[24940]; INTERNAL
[24941]C1_UNCLASsiFlED USE ONLY
[24943]PRIORITY HANDLING
[24945]laroid Weisberg Appoal/LITEGATION
[24947]FROM:
[24950]EXTENSION .
[24952]orricers
[24953]INITIALS
[24954]98 FEB ten
[24956]oe
[24958]RMA. Kans ,
[24959]pees
[24961]T-3.
[24963]TO: “oftcer designation, room number, and.
[24964]building)
[24966]RETURN TOs
[24968]it.
[24970]Stilson
[24971]PRI@RITY uo
[24973]ter S7H9
[24975]O¢ CONFIDENTIAL
[24977][-] SECRET
[24979]ent pact temper t tet * cures agente ewer tee
[24981][] CONFIDENTIAL
[24983]Oo
[24985]aye
[24989](1 secret
[24991]FOIA REQUEST
[24993]REQUEST NUMBER
[24995]IPS-76-382
[24997]COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom ©
[24998]to whom.
[25000]Draw a line across column after each comment.)
[25002]Please review the attached
[25003]documents for release to
[25004]Mr. Woisberg.
[25005]that part of the text you
[25006]“believe should be deleted
[25007]and-give the proper FOIA
[25008]exemption for the deleted
[25009]aaterial .
[25011]Paster please review the
[25013]| material for classification.
[25014]BO downgrade all documents to
[25015]CONFIDENTIAL where passible,
[25016]Classificution reviews must
[25017]be done by an officer with
[25018]TOP SECRET classifying
[25019]authority. All documents
[25020]have been stamped with the
[25021]Classification Review stamp
[25022]for you to complete. Uocume
[25023]that you agree should be
[25024]downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL
[25025]should be stamped with the.
[25026]downgrading stamp,
[25028]If liaison is being claimed
[25030]_ a8 an exemption for deletions
[25032]indicate the part that is
[25033]from liaison and identify
[25034]the service for me please.
[25036]Thanks - ,
[25037]Helea
[25038]These documents cover Dr,
[25039]King. You have already
[25040]coupleted the Ray documents.
[25042]FOIA REQUEST |
[25044]INTERNAL
[25045]USE ONLY
[25047]ou UNCLASSIFIED
[25049]Bracket in req
[25051]ts”
[25053]13-00000
[25055]INTERNAL™
[25056]USE ONLY
[25058]2
[25060]go UNCLASSIFIED
[25062]SUBJECT: (Optional)
[25064]Harold Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION
[25066]FROM: ‘ . EXTENSION
[25068]H. Stilson
[25069]1595
[25071]| maT onncens
[25073]TO: (Officer designation, room number, ond
[25074]building)
[25076]RETURN TO:
[25078]H. jtilson
[25080]PRI@RITY
[25082]tong S749
[25084]HANDLING -
[25086][1 SECRET
[25088]Us CONFIDENTIAL
[25090]Classification reviews must
[25092]REQUEST NUMBER
[25093]IPS-76-382
[25095]DATE SENT
[25097]28 February 1978
[25098]SUSPENSE DATE
[25099]2 March 1978
[25101]COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom |[-
[25102]to whom. Draw o line across column after each comment.)
[25104]Please review the attached
[25105]documents for release to | ¥
[25106]Mr. Weisberg. Bracket in req¢
[25107]that part of the text you _
[25108]believe should be déleted
[25109]and give the proper FOIA
[25110]exeniption for the deleted
[25112]material. - (b)(3) (p)(1)
[25114]A} Also, please review the.
[25115]material for classification.
[25116]Downgrade all documents to |
[25117]CONFIDENTIAL where possible.
[25119]be done by an officer with.
[25120]TOP SECRET classifying
[25121]authority. All documents
[25122]have been stamped with the
[25123]Classification Review stamp
[25124]for you to complete. Docume
[25125]that you agree should be.
[25126]downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL
[25127]should be stamped with the
[25128]downgrading stamp.
[25130]If liaison is being claimed
[25131]as an exemption for deletion
[25132]indicate the part that is —
[25133]from liaison and identify
[25134]the service for me please.
[25136]Thanks -
[25137]Helen
[25138]These documents cover Dr.
[25139]King. You have already
[25140]completed the Ray documents.
[25142]| an REQUEST
[25143]oO
[25145]INTERNAL
[25147]USE ONLY [] UNCLASSIFIED
[25149]13-00000
[25151]en ee Sona ele oe tee. cece mea Bt eee ate . oe Bete
[25153]INTERH AL
[25154]USE GHLY
[25156]J] UNCLASSIFIED C]
[25158]REQUEST NUMBER
[25160]IPS- 76- 382
[25162]FROM: DATE Bont
[25164]EXTENSION
[25166]uy STLASUL ul-3 au Peuruary 1978
[25167]SUSPT NS:
[25169]__ 1595 arca 1978
[25171]TO: {Officer desicaat:on, room number, ond
[25172]buitding)
[25174]EDN
[25176]OFFICER'S
[25177]INITIALS
[25179]COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[25180]to whom. Drow o line across column offer each comment)
[25182]Please review the attacned
[25183]wotuacues £or release to
[25184]ur, .eisberg., woracket in re
[25187]believe siaoulk eleted
[25188]anu -ive tus proper FUJITA
[25189]extiiption Lor the deletea
[25191]Also, ,lease review the
[25192]naterial for, classificition.
[25194]4,
[25196](Yuac all
[25198]eoOcune.ts
[25200]to
[25202]TIAL where possiule.
[25204]ce thawed se ~~
[25206]Classitication reviews aust
[25208]be done by an officer wita
[25210]TuP SiCRET classifying
[25211]agutiority. All docunuents
[25213]aavo veen stamped with the
[25214]Cisssification Review Staiip
[25216]ov, you to Cor: Di ere. wOCGNE EES:
[25218]tuudc you a ree Si
[25220]wide:
[25222]cere oem
[25224]fraded to COLPL.
[25228]VITAL
[25230]saecdu be staaped wits the
[25231]downgrading staiin.
[25233]Tf liaison is being cluined
[25234]as an exenption for .2l-tion
[25235]jadicate tee part tics is
[25236]frou liaisou anu ivocctify
[25237]tne service for vis pivnse.
[25239]Lidag 7 '
[25240]“aelen
[25241]cover Ur.
[25243]droady
[25245]ren wane
[25247]Pugs woCuiturcs
[25248]ning. You have
[25249]nigpleted the
[25253]cues.
[25255]Meee
[25256]ROY
[25258]bo - 8d 60
[25260]ereiiaL REY
[25262]13-00000
[25264]a , 3 i : ’ . a | '
[25265]\. aS
[25267]oa . \ . vane g 4. .
[25268](- unchssiftép *- "(> INTERNAL [1 CONFIDENTIAL (1 SECRET
[25270]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[25272]SUBJECT: (Optional) Mi, REQUEST NUMBER
[25274]m@VOsu Kei svers avon LA LPS- 70-382
[25276]FROM: : j "EXTENSION | DATE SENT
[25278]ji, ULLLSGH sido Lous
[25280]TO: (Officer désignation, room number, and DAYE , :
[25281]building) COMMENTS {Number each comment to show from whom .
[25282]RECEIVED | FORWARDED to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) |. o
[25284]Please review Che attucn
[25285]Jdocuneuts for releage to
[25286]Mr. Seisberys uracket in
[25288]red taat part OF the text
[25290]you believe shoule oes
[25291]ageloted anu give the proper |
[25292]FOIA exemption far the delat
[25293]material.
[25295]Abso, ploase review the matey:
[25296]Lor classification. i
[25297]recowueid that all thease
[25299]COWELOLNTIAL, Classificatib.
[25300]Yeviews3 «ust be wow: by ais :
[25301]pacer wWita Te SECRET. :
[25302]sifyinyg autherity.
[25303]Jocaaeats Rave been stas
[25305]5 sor vou to camplete.
[25307]tS tawnt you agree
[25308]Qe Stumped With thy
[25309]AGRAUTAG staup.
[25311]i
[25312]4
[25317]ig.
[25318]All
[25320]EA/STA/EXO
[25322]z
[25324]if uisisen £S bedvey Chagves ce
[25325]as iit Ca Ghyp tion pioase
[25326]Luentify the gery
[25330]RETURN TO:
[25332]FOIA, REQUEST
[25334]98M 379 C1 secret [[] CONFIDENTIAL [[]. INTERNAL =) UNCLASSIFIED
[25336]13-00000
[25340]CO UNCLASSIFIED ~~ USE. ONLY | CONFIDENTIAL (1) SECRET
[25342]PRIORITY HANDLING» FOIA acy
[25344]REQUEST NUMBER
[25346]SUBJECT: (Optional)
[25347]vigrolu wcisver, waar [ff abigetoo ivoedas
[25349]FROM:
[25351]tie SLELS OG
[25353]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and DATE . “
[25354]building) OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment te show from whom
[25356]| recenveo |ronwanoeD {INITIALS to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)
[25359]doqunewcs Tor reivaso to
[25361]“ap. vWeblspers., sracaet li
[25363]-Yfead that part of the teat
[25365]you woelicve Shoulda be
[25366]uedeted do give fhe proj
[25367]POTA vexcaplisa for tae uedstde.
[25368]uaterial.
[25370]aise, please review the wniepi -
[25371]F fer Classiiication. i
[25373]28 April 1968 identifhf hi recoumend that ali these
[25375]does not Perrine to J HOMuEeNES bE Jowny faded in y
[25377]QUaPTORArLAL. a
[25379]suspect, i fete on st bE Ge ee by a
[25381]release it would viol manera 5uks |
[25383]ave:
[25384]sSdtiewe
[25386]ere tion t
[25387]ddeutify the gervice
[25391]FOIA REQUEST |
[25393]vont 3749 C] secret  (] CONFIDENTIAL J INTERNAL (1) UNCLASSIFIED
[25396]13-00000
[25398]CO UNCLASSIFIED =) (NTERNAL [CONFIDENTIAL (1 secret
[25400]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[25402]SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER
[25404]Hargld Weisberg sppead/ IPS-76-382
[25406]FROM,
[25407]H. Stilson HT-3
[25409]TO: _ (Officer designation, room: number, and
[25410]building) COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[25411]to whom. Draw a fine across column after each comment.)
[25413]Please review the attached
[25414]documents for release to.
[25416]Mr. Weisberg. Bracket in
[25418]red that part of the text
[25420]you believe should be
[25422]deleted and give the proper
[25423]FOIA exemption for the delet¢d
[25424]material. ,
[25426]for classification. I
[25427]recommend that all these
[25428]documents. be downgraded to
[25429]CONFIDENTIAL. Classificatipn
[25430]reviews must be done by an
[25431]officer with TOP SECRET
[25432]classifying authority.
[25434]with the classification revifw
[25435]stamp for you to complete.
[25436]Documents that you agree
[25437]should be stamped with the
[25438]DOWNGRADING stamp.
[25440]If Liaison is being claimed
[25441]as an exemption please -
[25442]identify the service for
[25443]me. ;
[25445]en
[25446]D aM Thanks,
[25447]Helen
[25449]These documents only cover
[25450]RETURN TOr that portion of the request
[25451]H. Stilson concerning JAMES EARL RAY.
[25453]The King documents will follow.
[25455]ony 3749 CO secret [1] CONFIDENTIAL [J INTERNAL =) UNCLASSIFIED
[25457]‘Also, please review the materia
[25459]All documents have been stamped
[25462]13-00000
[25464]ple mate yirtnge trier sania nage ema: ta n=  Howecnengeme mappettitcsem ne Arar siemnnmen me ttreeh =~ Memeretinnnrsss ran manatee AeE he mag ey a tat oo Sot tren nee a tate an 5 etme tt a A RR RARE TA AOE SE
[25466]rer ae INTE! OEM
[25467]{"] ‘UNCLASSIFIED INTERNAL [1 CONFIDENTIAL C] SECRET
[25469]PRIORITY HANDLING -— FOIA REQUEST
[25471]REQUEST NUMBER’, so
[25472]EXTENSION | DATE SENT
[25473]-
[25476]OFFICER'S COMMENTS {Number each comment to show from whom :
[25477]INITIALS to whom. Draw a fine across column after each comment.) ©
[25479]SUBJECT: (Optional) .
[25481]76-382 | 4
[25483]Vata'
[25485]is
[25489]Copan
[25490]PES
[25492]<a
[25494]K
[25496]EA/STA/EXO 21 FEB 1978 Vp
[25498]y
[25500](
[25502]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[25504]INTERNAL
[25506]rome 9749 [) SecReT [_] CONFIDENTIAL use ony © L_]_ UNCLASSIFIED
[25508]13-00000 yx.
[25510]Cy unctassiFiep =) RY CONFIDENTIAL secret
[25512]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[25514]REQUEST NUMBER
[25516]. SUBJECT: (Optional
[25517]4 uarold veisberg. appeal pegs IPS-76-382
[25519]EXTENSION [DATE SENT
[25521]si, otiison ui~3 ‘ 1535
[25523]TO: : (Officer designation, room number, and . ;
[25524]building) OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[25526]INITIALS to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)
[25528]Please review the attached
[25529]documents for release to
[25531]Mr. Weisberg. bracket in
[25532]red that part of the text
[25533]you believe should be
[25534]deleted and give the proper
[25535]BOIA exeuption for the deletp
[25536]naterial,
[25538]Aiso, please review the mate’
[25539]for Classification. I
[25540]recommend tiat all these
[25541]documents be downgraded to
[25542]CONFIDENTIAL. Classificatip
[25543]reviews must be done by an
[25544]officer with TOP SZCRET -
[25545]classifying authority. —
[25546]All documents have been. stan
[25547]with tne classification: revi.
[25548]stavip for you to couplete. —
[25549]ocuments taut you agree.
[25550]ould be stamped with the.
[25551]OUNGRADING stanp.
[25553]1£ bisison is being clained
[25554]aS au exvenption picase
[25556]jentify the service for
[25557]ue.
[25559]one ben
[25561]ondy cover
[25563]RETURN TO: ; y ot: porticn of the req
[25564]. . rot “ a mn
[25566]— FOIA REQUEST.
[25568]fom 979 o ‘SECRET CONFIDENTIAL O USE OMY C) UNCLASSIFIED ~
[25570]ec a
[25571]a mee Beet enececten attend seas
[25574]13-00000
[25576][7 UNCLASSIFIED = []_|NTERNAL [1] CONFIDENTIAL . [SECRET
[25578]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[25580]SUBJECT: (Optiona!) . REQUEST NUMBER
[25581]. warole weisbery Appeal Jlgl on IP5-76-382
[25583]FROM: EXTENSION |OATE SENT
[25584]ae . an fe P , a
[25588]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and DATE
[25589]building) OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[25591]FORWARDED INITIALS to whom. ; Draw a line across column after each comment.}
[25593]Please review tae attecued
[25594]documents for release to
[25596]Mr. Weisberg. wuracket in
[25598]‘yed tnat part of the text
[25600]you believe should be
[25602]deleted anu give tne proper
[25603]FOIA exeuption for the delete
[25604]material,
[25606]Aliso, please review the watepi
[25607]for classification. f.
[25608]recommend that all thege
[25609]docunents be downpraded
[25610]COmPIDENTIAL. Classificatite
[25611]reviews siust be done by an
[25612]officer with TOP Sucker
[25613]classifying wutiuority.
[25615]All docusents nave becn st
[25616]wits tne classification revi
[25617]staip for you to cosiplete.
[25618]Documents that you agré
[25620]sould be stamped with tac
[25621]DOQstGRAGING stanp.
[25623]ta
[25625]'£ Liaison is being claines
[25626]U5 ai exemption picase
[25627]identify tie service ter
[25628]Hi@. :
[25630]Pies Ais
[25632]These siocurs
[25633]nat portion Oo:
[25634]cerudkue JAtiioo
[25635]ee eat can i - “ Ady docuiie LS wit so ipe
[25636]PRIORITY HANDLING) FOIA REQUEST
[25637]Cl CONFIDENTIAL [J (TERNAL, «= )_sCUNCLASSIFIED —, «
[25641]RETURN TO: he
[25642]ee On ae CEO]
[25646]te7s S749 L] SECRET
[25650]1300000, . -
[25651]_ \
[25653]- ; y
[25655]CY UNCLASSIFIED “INTERNAL © (CJ) CONFIDENTIAL C1 secret
[25657]SUBJECT: (Optional} - — 7 : REQUEST NUMBER
[25658]Harold Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION IPS-76-382
[25660]FROM: . ‘ EXTENSION | DATE SENT j
[25661]ci. Stilson uT-3 28 February 1978
[25662]SUSPENSE DATE ,
[25664]1595 2 March 1978
[25666]COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[25667]fo whom, | Drow a line ecross column after each comment.)
[25669]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
[25670]building)
[25672]Pra Tle
[25674]Please review the attached
[25675]documents for release to
[25677]Mr. Weisberg. Bracket in re
[25678]that part of the text you
[25679]believe should be deleted
[25680]and ‘give.the. proper. FOIA.
[25681]exempticun..for.the. deleted __
[25682]saterial. ,
[25683]AP Ceeheibiet ae
[25685]Also, please review the
[25686]material for classification.
[25687]Downgrade all documents to
[25688]CONFIDENTIAL where possible.
[25689]Classification reviews must
[25690]be done by an officer with
[25691]TOP SECRET classifying
[25692]authority. All documents
[25693]have been stamped with the
[25694]Classification Review stamp
[25696]ab &,
[25697].
[25698].
[25701]i
[25706]|
[25708]J
[25710]that you agree should be |
[25711]downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL
[25712]should be stamped with the
[25713]downgrading stamp,
[25715]BER:
[25717]rE liaison is being claimed
[25719]indicate the part that is
[25720]from liaison and identify
[25721]the service for me please.
[25723]Thanks -
[25724]oe Helen
[25725]These documents cover. Dr.
[25726]RETURN TO 7 King. You have already
[25727]H. Stilson HT-3 cowpleted the Ray documents.
[25729]INTERNAL
[25730]USE ONLY
[25732]258 3749 (] secret . () CONFIDENTIAL
[25734][] UNCLASSIFIED
[25736]nee eed Cane al
[25738]for you to complete. Documes
[25740]-as an exemption for deletions |
[25742]r
[25746]CT .U. ansStFIED 7] {ATERNAL C1 CONFIDENTIAL | 1 secret
[25748]PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST
[25750]SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER
[25752]darola weisberg IPS-70-382
[25754]di. Stidsou
[25756]FROM: EXTENSION [DATE SENT .
[25759]ks o OO
[25761]TO: (Officer designation, room number, and | ate
[25762]building) OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
[25764]FORWARDED INITIALS to whom, Draw a line across column after each comment.)
[25766]Please review the attached
[25767]documents for release to
[25768]Mr. Weisberg, bracket in
[25769]red that part of the text
[25770]you believe should be
[25771]deleted and give the prope
[25772]FOIA exemption for the dé
[25773]material.
[25775]Also, please review the mate
[25776]for classification. I
[25777]recommend that all these
[25778]decuments be downgraded to
[25779]CONFIDENTIAL. Classificatips.
[25780]reviews must be done by an
[25781]officer with TOP SECRET
[25782]classifying authority.
[25784]Ali documents have been stanpe
[25785]wita the classification revipy |
[25786]stamp for you to complete. F
[25787]Documents that you agree
[25789]Cow erp ENTIAL arn slar al should be stamped with the
[25790]2. ne
[25792]DOWNGRADING stamp.
[25793]NAD a If Liaison is being claimes
[25795]as an exenption please 4
[25796]identify the service for ;
[25797]LI ne. ae
[25799][eve sans ree ert et gee er PS eer PT
[25801]Enos
[25803]a
[25804]PAWNS .
[25805]rr wed
[25807]These uecuments unly
[25808]that portion of
[25809]concerning JAMES |
[25810]The hing docu: Aut
[25812]rom 379 [1] secret =] CONFIDENTIAL cor Ol UNCLASSIFIED
[25814]13-00000°
[25816]SF Serer
[25818]19 JUL 78
[25819]Mr, Frank Underwood
[25820]Freedom of Information-Privacy Acts Branch
[25821]J. Edgar Hoover Building, Room 6958 4
[25822]10th and Pennsylvania Avenue, NW - Ve Ur a
[25824]Washington, DC 20535:
[25825]Attention: Connie Fruitt
[25827]Gentlemen:
[25829]In responding to an FOIA litigation from Harold Weisberg
[25830](enclosure 1), we have surfaced reference to 46 documents
[25831]which originated with your agency. Three of these documents
[25832]are referred by listing only, and either first pages or full
[25833]text copies of the remaining 43 documents are enclosed. This
[25834]information is being forwarded to. you for review and direct
[25835]response to the requester.
[25837]We will advise the requester of this referral in our
[25838]response, which we expect to complete in the near future.
[25840]Please note that the documents listed, and those of
[25841]which just the first pages have been included, have not been
[25842]reviewed to see if they contain CIA information. In the
[25843]event that they do, we request that this material be coordin-
[25844]ated with us before being released to the requester.
[25846]- I£ you have any questions, please contact Karen Wolfe
[25847]or Allie Falardeau, 351-5615, and refer to our request F76-
[25849]Sincerely,
[25851]Gene F. Wilson
[25852]Information and Privacy Coordinator
[25854]Enclosures
[25855]Distribution: ema UNCLASSIFIED When Sonorstea
[25856]Orig - Addse vee ~. From Exalcs
[25858]1 - IPS Chrono
[25860]1 ~ IPS Subject (F-76- 582) . APPEAL w/attach DDO docs
[25861]1 1 - OGC (Launie Ziebell)
[25863]() - DDO/IMS/FPG/AL (Helen Stilson)
[25865]13-00000 .
[25867]so TERE —
[25868]. of ~* et : .
[25869]‘ i Ve CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
[25870]\ Pe WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505 | .
[25871]Ny . 14 Way 1965
[25874]Federal Bureau of Investigation .
[25875]Attention: S. J. Papich
[25877]‘ AC. é io
[25878]JW FROM: Deputy Director for Plans laws OD . ip?
[25879]SUBJECT: Assassination of Martin Luther King
[25880]. eer
[25881]/_ 1. On 3 May 1968, an official Italian Intelligence
[25882]OT Service provided this Agency's representative in Rome ¥
[25883]with the following information on one James RAY: noon
[25885]A
[25886]A James 'RAY, born in Los Angeles on 8 ‘March mo,
[25887]1928 (father' S hame Oliver),arrived at rAPay
[25889]San Gimignano, Siena, in March 1955 and
[25891]registered as a student at Perugia. In
[25893]1956, RAY was confined at San Gimignano
[25895]Hospital and in 1957, he was in Sant'Antonio
[25897]de Fiesole Hospital. These confinements
[25899]were for “osteomyelitical condition causing
[25901]bone depression in the cranium, on right
[25903]parietal temple region.'' RAY returned
[25905]permanently to the United States in December
[25907]1967.
[25909]2, The Italian National Police and the Italian
[25910]Intelligence Service have turned up no other information
[25911]thus far. -All Italian entry posts have RAY and his
[25912]aliases on their watchlist.
[25914]3. The Federal Bureau of Investigation representa-
[25915]ae tive in Rome was advised of the information in paragraphs
[25916], 1 and 2 above,
[25918]_CSCI_316/01763-68
[25920]. ean
[25922]BEB Ye] efecs Lad 3515
[25924]Pawn 14 7F FROG © e. may 16068
[25925]IL ost) ivwe Hvala —_
[25927]ae dow HOSS — | ,
[25930]13-00000
[25932]A |
[25934]pid.
[25936]—GGMAY 271968 Grey | ee
[25940]Wave cined
[25942]CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
[25943]WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505
[25947]sh My
[25948]a 16M 17
[25949]sn or Ke Jr a me
[25950]. en . 4 L
[25952]MEMORANDUM FOR: iréctor - “ He, ya
[25954]Federal Bureau of Investigation me AX
[25956]Attention: Mr. S.J. Papich ; \
[25957]SUBJECT : Investigation in Japan of Report. on Suspicious
[25959]Actions of Gerald Lee Richards, Originally
[25960]Described as Resembling Suspected Assassin of
[25961]Dr, Martin Luther King, Jr.
[25963]1. - Reference is made to the report concerning the above
[25964]subject made by telephone to Mr, S.J. Papich at 0930 on 17 April
[25965]1968, Following is a full account of the investigation made in
[25966]this case:
[25968]oe A, On 16 April 1968 a United States National
[25969]yi ‘Maritime Union official in Yokohama reported that one
[25970]" Gerald Lee-"Richards, who bore a general physical
[25971]+ Yesemblance to the description given of the suspected
[25972]fy ph assassin of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. had arrived
[25973]“ in Japan about 15 April 1968 and requested a position
[25974]aboard any ship going anywhere, Richards became
[25975]agitated when asked for a contact address in Japan
[25976]and refused to divulge his Japanese residence, The
[25978]National Maritime Union official describd. Richards ee
[25980]as 5? 10" tall, 155 pounds, with brown hair, a receding ~ -”
[25981]hairline on both sides, and a not very prominent scar
[25982]two and one-half inches long traversing the center
[25983]forehead, his most outstanding characteristic being a
[25985]_ disconcerting, idiotic grin resembling a constant -
[25986]grimace, According to Richards’ documents and state- *.«
[25987]ments, he was born_8-April 1937, applied for seaman's a
[25988]papers in San Pedro, California, 16 June 1964 and na
[25989]registered there as a United States National Maritime’ an
[25990]Union member on 21 February 1968 but never shipped Othe,
[25992]- His Social Security Number is 562-46- 5078; _his United
[25993]States Coast Guard Number Z 2711-782,
[25995]A Bebe
[25999]¢ - : 1 jé 3
[26000]os }} REO a MAY 22 1908 (3)
[26002]inca 4 1
[26007]Co . seca ania
[26009]13-00000 .
[26011]A
[26013]FN arte arte ee at
[26015]|
[26017]B, A subsequent check with the Japanese National
[26018]Police Agency confirmed the biographic data supplied
[26019]by the National Maritime Union official. A ward check.
[26020]indicated that Richards originally resided in Japan
[26021]from 1963 to 1964 and married TAKAYAMA Michiko in 1963,
[26022]Both Richards and his wife left Japan for the United
[26023]States in 1964, Richards returned alone to Japan about
[26024]15 April 1968, His wife's address in the United States
[26025]is listed as 160 Hosoi (phonetic) Street, Carpenteria,
[26026]California, 93013,
[26028]C,. <A photograph of Richards obtained from the
[26029]Japanese police was. shown to the National Maritime
[26030]Union official and identified by him as the individual
[26031]in subparagraph 1A above who had applied for a seaman's
[26032]berth, The photograph of Richards bears no apparent |
[26033]resemblance to photographs of suspected assassin
[26034]James Earl Ray provided by the Federal Bureau of
[26035]Investigation, ;
[26037]2, The above information has been given to the Legal
[26039]Attache of the United States Embassy in Tokyo,
[26041]FOR THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR PLANS:
[26043]A them”
[26045]MES ANGLETON
[26047]CSCI-316/01774-68
[26049]bo pataates Ee
[26051]13-00000 id . VVITE SULIT EIA (nen rified in;
[26053]F 7 E Instructions for Divisions and Staffs:
[26054]1 4 75 76 7? 78 1. Fill in shaded areas only.
[26055]2. Additional comments should be written on back of form.
[26057]DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION (30 CHARACTERS) DAY | MONTH YEAR
[26059]oa Jedi
[26061]DISPATCH
[26062]MEMO >
[26064]TO/RECIPIENT (30 CHARACTERS)
[26066]SUBJECT (80 CHARACTERS)
[26068]wont | Year
[26069]DATE
[26070]PAL OF
[26072]REVIEW
[26074]E, Sustain initial denial in toto
[26075]F. Sustain initial release of
[26077]of sanitized version
[26079]G. Release additional information
[26081]OF
[26082]REVIEW
[26084]Tile Mg ot a PF it
[26086]’ : SIGNATUREASAND OF FISE OF REVIEWING OFFICER
[26089]EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED (40 CHARACTERS)
[26091]9 B1 82 B3 B4 BS BE B7C JU J1B JtC JIE SIF «1 5B1 562 5B3 5B4
[26092]OF FOIA OF PA OF E.0. 11652
[26094]Exemptions ar
[26097]ui NEW DOCUMENT RECORD
[26099]Instructions for Divisions and Staffs:
[26100]1. Fill in shaded areas only. :
[26102]2. Additional comments should be written on back of form.
[26104]Wy \Sgv CF
[26106]13-00Q00 ° : Ven wenn inner! ritiea ins
[26108]TYPE
[26110]FROM/ORIGINATOR (30 CHARACTERS) TO/RECIPIENT (30 CHARACTERS)
[26112]WHERE LOCATED (10 CHARACTERS)
[26114]REFERRED BY (10 CHARACTERS) | poo? |
[26116]DO FILE NUMBER (20 CHARACTERS)
[26118]DATE
[26119]OF
[26120]REVIEW
[26122]E. Sustain initial denial in toto
[26124]x F. Sustain initial release of
[26125]of sanitized version 7o AGVS7ER
[26126]G. Release additional information
[26128]TYPE
[26129]OF
[26130]REVIEW
[26134]ae 7,
[26135]EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED (40 CHARACTERS) . . "
[26137]9 81 62 83 B4 BS B6 B7C J1 J1B sic JIE JiF Ki 581 582 583 SB4
[26138]OF FOIA OF PA OF E.0. 11652
[26140]Exemptions are being claimed to protect. the following:
[26142]Pes
[26144]10
[26147]13-00000 °* : : wT a et (Wnen cities in}
[26149]“i “1
[26151]YEAR NUMBER *. NEW DOCUMENT RECORD
[26153]Instructions for Divisions and Staffs: .
[26154]; 1. Fill in shaded areas only.
[26155]2. Additional comments should be written on back of form.
[26157]DAY | MONTH
[26159]TO/RECIPIENT (30 CHARACTERS)
[26161]OO FILE NUMBER (20 CHARACTERS)
[26163]TYPE ; oar
[26164]OF
[26165]REVIEW REVIEW
[26167]Sustain initial denial in toto
[26168]Sustain initial release of
[26170]of sanitized version
[26172]Release additional information
[26174]ene, SIGNATUR D OFFICEIOF REVIEWING OFFIC
[26176]EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED (40 CHARACTERS) ;
[26177]9 B1 82 B3 B4 BS BE B7C J1 J1B JtC J1E J1F Ki 5B1 5B2 583 5B4
[26178]OF FOIA OF PA , OF E.O. 11652
[26180]| Exemptions are being claimed to protect the following: