sum representing retroflex summary representing retroflex beginning month posted query asked information alternative way representing retroflexed segments dorsalized coronals instead anterior warm thanks responded philip hamilton phamilto epas utoronto ca richard desrochers desrochr ere umontreal ca wechsler wechsler world std com suzanne urbanczyk suzanne oitunix oit umass edu mark verhijde mark verhyde let ruu nl stig eliasson stig eliasson ling uu se list annotated references followed contributors excerpts following topics 1 dorsalization 2 origins coronal domination retroflex sanskrit evidence 3 phonetic features retroflex blevins 1994 course notes 1994 australian linguistic institute cho 1990 parameters consonantal assimilation phd thesis stanford sanskrit retroflexed elements claim made retroflexation equals formation segments contain two place nodes cor dor e defined complex place interestingly assuming retroflexed segments two place nodes neutralization effects right word edges fall quite naturally verhijde dixon title given 1980 languages australia assumes feature retroflex hamilton 1993 toronto paper eliasson stig 1986 sandhi peninsular scandinavian henning andersen ed sandhi phenomena languages europe 271300 berlin mouton de gruyter postalveolarization retroflexion important sandhi process swedish norwegian major part article devoted problem eliasson gnanadesikan amalia title given nels 24 1993 feature geometry coronal subplaces university massachusetts occasional papers linguistics 1993 argues feature anterior defining coronals believe retroflexes represented distributed back back dorsal urbanczyk hamilton philip 1993 title given escol 93 paper coronal articulation 1993 title given toronto working papers linguistics 1993 keating patricia 1991 coronal places articulation special status coronals paradis prunet eds phonetic clues coronal articulations prince smolensky 1993 179 citing kirchner university maryland thesis 1 dorsalization hamilton currently working paper argue dorsalisation fully based variety evidence retroflexes transparent back vowel harmony evidence interaction retroflexes back vowels low level phonetic facts lexical alternations backing front vowels rti going rtu never _ neutralisation _ lexical back front contrast conditioned retroflexes attested front vowels backed allophones beside retroflex retroflexes based represented feature dependent apical node since lack heteroganic apical clusters may elegantly expressed ocp constraint adjacent apical nodes 2 origins coronal domination retroflex sanskrit wechsler presentlyorthodox account retroflection dominated coronal node receives lot support sankrit rnati rule rule recall correctly n rn anywhere right retroflex consonant intervening nonnasal alveolars block rule kind interaction retroflection coronal node appears places well one studied warlpiri historically rule partially unretroflexed retroflex stop unless closely followed another retroflex reasons might want avoid involvement dorsal tier vowels live would explain transparent assimilations involving anteriority 3 phonetic origins desrocher ladefoged 1974 1971 preliminaries speaks retroflexes rxs apical postalveolar gives example ewe adds south asian languages retroflex consonant involve tip tongue back alveolar ridge whereas others contact large part underside tongue tip much forward part hard palate elsewhere speaks extremely retroflex sounds occur indo aryan languages hindi gujerati penjabi guess characterizing everything spe features describes rxs ant cor high back low dist spe refers zwicky 1965 dissert describing convincingly sanskrit ant actually comp spe seems favor natural class apicals rxs dist opposed laminals non rxs dist refer matters ladefoged 1964 phonetic study w afr languages maintain distinction dentals rxs support dist feature malmberg 1974 manuel de phonetique generale writes rxs produced tongue markedly curved backwards towards hard palate diagram ladefoged indicates front palate back ridge touched apex mentions south italians dialects course india hockett 1958 makes interesting comment says acoustical effect rx bird achieved english speakers curling back tip peculiar contour central part tongue tip held behind lowe teeth comments corrections questions welcome beau