hansa workshop 12ichl details supplied ernst hakon jahr one workshops held friday 18th august 1995 david denison twelfth international conference historical linguistics hulme hall manchester 1318 august 1995 please note new dialling codes revised phone numbers university manchester time conference 44 0 161275 3194 3042 phone 44 0 161275 3187 fax conference email address ichl1995 man ac uk workshop influence hansa low german european languages organizers ernst hakon jahr tromso laura wright hertfordshire scheduled papers james milroy newcastle internal vs external motivations linguistic change empirical sociolinguistics say distinction kurt braunmuller hamburg communication strategies area hanseatic league approach semicommunication raymond hickey essen trading invaders language contact medieval ireland anne haavaldsen bergen trade language german wharf bergen runic evidence harry perridon amsterdam definite article jutlandic borrowing german muriel norde amsterdam grammaticalization vs reanalysis case possessive construction germanic