review scobbie autosegmental representation scobbie james 1997 autosegmental representation declarative constraint based framework garland press new york revision 1991 phd dissertation university edinburgh michael hammond university arizona jim scobbie dissertation recently published outstanding dissertations linguistics series garland press excellent example pre optimality theory attempt constraintbased phonology received insufficient attention phonological community extremely unfortunate thesis makes number interesting proposals well worth considering today dissertation usual vein american phonology theses indepth analysis particular array data rather appears fit much european template attention paid placing author proposal context previous ideas despite different approach much recommend general hypothesis pursued phonological generalizations representations best cast attributevalue structures formal devices drawn hpsg head driven phrase structure grammar literature pollard sag 1987 basic idea dominance expressed something roughly equivalent featural distinction example standard phonological representation fact vowel might high expressed assigning vowel feature high e g high expressed attributevalue formalism attribute high value hpsg goes one step encodes dominance fashion thus fact syllable high nucleus expressed positing nucleus attribute syllable element allowing nucleus attribute high attributevalue pair 1 formal object denotes syllable high nucleus indicated irrelevant information ellipses context representations scobbie central claim autosegmental association formalized dominance attributevalue structure phonological representations also encode linear order scobbie theory linear order formalized root nodes indicated indices string segments would represented set indexed root matrices essentially following sort 2 indices ordered relation immediate precedence 1 structures scobbie goes suggests phonological rules traded constraints constraints suggests formally indistinct representations apply rather similar position advanced ot see russell 1995 hammond appear example generalization excluding mid nasal vowels would expressed follows 3 expression rules element simultaneously specified low high nasal constraints nt actually apply representations rather scobbie proposes constraints unified representations unification allows representations meld long nt conflict example representation consisting solely ifferent elements example index variables indicate two matrices share token value merely share type value b 6 scobbie develops formalism number ways first argues representations like one subject calls sharing constraint p 93 7 sharing constraint structure dominated two paths type p indices j every index n path dominating immediate effect rule cases noncontiguous root elements share token value scobbie argues evidence cases weak cf similar proposal archangeli pulleyblank 1994 interesting consequence scobbie uses constraint attempt derive crossing constraint ncc part goldsmith 1976 general well formedness condition autosegmental representations constraint rules crossing autosegmental association lines sagey 1986 1988 first proposes derive ncc treatment autosegmental association overlap however hammond 1988 argues notion formally problematic proposing different characterization association transitive irreflexive asymmetric relation hammond approach however derive ncc without stipulation scobbie approach also involves asymmetric characterization association dominance derive ncc scobbie derivation ncc based assumption contour values two different root nodes might share value token second picture one root node bear two different values first picture indicates segment root node indicates tone value token 8 necessary position given formalization sequencing root nodes bear index linear position nonroot tokens unsequenced similar position developed heiberg prep contour values allowed would way distinguish ordering hand two root nodes share value ordering distinguished terms indices 6 upshot prohibition contours violations ncc arise independent sharing violation ncc violations look like 9 9 necessarily includes sharing violation 9 nice result comes cost ruling discontinuous association ii excluding contour values scobbie also argues approach allows derive phenomenon geminate integrity hayes 1986 schein steriade 1986 basic idea geminate integrity geminates resist epenthesis see guerssel 1977 1978 early treatment suh 1997 recent proposal standard account geminates resist epenthesis result would entail crossing association lines violation ncc 9 problem noted scobbie others well epenthetic vowel featureless 10 inserted another tier 11 violation ncc occurs 10 11 scobbie proposal simple direct epenthesis geminate structure results violation sharing regardless whether epenthetic vowel features whether features might appear tier scobbie goes consider possibility geminate inalterability might also follow sharing constraint proposal lot speculative basic idea pursued geminate inalterability results default rules problem scobbie nt really offer clear proposal nature default rules face would seem glaring problem monotonic theory proposes final substantive chapter scobbie treats problem longdistance association e g arabic verbal morphology offers welltaken criticisms traditional autosegmental approach really offer explicit declarative counterproposal sum book well worth reading offers interesting alternative constraintbased view phonology much recommend hand number unresolved questions floating segments scobbie speculates offers satisfying solution noted contour segments also ruled though evidence tonal domain unimpeachable 3 references archangeli pulleyblank 1994 grounded phonology mit press cambridge bird 1995 computational phonology cambridge university press cambridge goldsmith j 1976 autosegmental phonology doctoral dissertation mit guerssel 1977 constraints phonological rules linguistic analysis 3 267181 guerssel 1978 condition assimilation rules linguistic analysis 4 225254 hammond 1988 deriving well formedness condition li 19 319325 hammond appear lexicon coyote papers hayes b 1986 inalterability cv phonology language 62 321351 heiberg prep doctoral dissertation u arizona pollard c sag 1987 information based syntax phonology volume 1 csli 13 russell k 1995 morphemes candidates optimality theory ms u manitoba roa sagey e 1986 representation features relations non linear phonology doctoral dissertation mit sagey e 1988 illformedness crossing association lines li 19 109118 schein b steriade 1986 geminates li 17 691744 suh c k 1997 consonant geminates towards theory integrity inalterability doctoral dissertation u arizona thanks jim scobbie useful discussion misinterpretations lapses errors 1 though scobbie p c points ordering precedence instead allow treatment epenthesis morphological intercalation like 2 expository characterization procedural course unification formally 3 number similar ideas developed bird 1995