johvdvutqrpvcaaasalertsorg science online editors choice alert 319 5866 current issue previous issue science express science products science journal editors choice highlights recent literature science volume 319 issue 5866 dated february 22 2008 available httpwwwsciencemagorgcontentvol319issue5866twildtl copy editors choice highlights recent literature section appended editors choice highlights recent literature february 22 2008 319 5866 editors choice highlights recent literature evolution strict control stephen j simpson many species animals males females strikingly visibly different three evolutionary genetic pathways produce sexual dimorphism outset expression alleles dimorphic traits could limited one sex alleles could expressed initially sexes subsequently promoted one sex repressed darwin believed bright colors ornaments males malelimited first appearance whereas fisher held lost females accumulation suppressors coyne et al weigh alternatives examining female hybrids bird species costas left blackchinned right hummingbirds whose males show distinct ornamental traits example plumage patterns presence absence elongated feathers unless suppressors completely dominant females show expression male traits none 13 hybrid cases four orders eight families met search criteria females express malelimited trait suggests male ornaments sexlimited first appearance perhaps hormonal physiological differences sexes controlled completely dominant modifier alleles regulatory elements sjs evolution 62 214 2008 planetary science telling time mars brooks hanson primary information surface age geologic history mars comes crater densities different parts planet dating martian meteorites though source region mars known certainty crater ages imply crust 2 billion years old contrast dating one distinct group martian meteorites variety isotopic systems generally indicated young ages hundred thousand 1 billion years numbers imply mars enough recent magmatic activity sampled significant fraction available martian meteorites problem however rocks show evidence alteration impact events required limited excavation mars well hints early geochemical history mars interpreting ages generally straightforward bouvier et al present additional analyses two purportedly young meteorites using several isotopic systems evaluate ages martian meteorites general smnd luhf ages derived minerals young pbpb wholerock ages much older 4 billion years contrast recent analyses authors interpret difference ultimately young ages indicating later alteration reinitialized mineralbased isochrons bh earth planet sci lett 266 105 2008 applied physics plasmons wire ian osborne miniaturization optical elements waveguides limited wavelength light typically hundred nanometers micrometer scale comparison electrical circuits patterned tens nanometers promising route integrating two scales direct conversion optical signal electrical one via surface plasmons created surface metal dielectric interfaces schmidt et al use photonic crystal fiber optical carrier show fill air holes run length fiber gold silver introduced molten form create array metal nanowires embedded within silica matrix characterization hybrid structure shows plasmon resonances excited nanowires thereby demonstrating direct integration optics nanoelectronics iso phys rev b 77 33417 2008 plant science resisting resistance laura zahn bacillus thuringiensis bt toxins bacterial proteins kill insects widely used crops pest control plants expressing bt toxins cry1ac cry1ab make majority insectresistant transgenic corn cotton respectively major concern pests develop resistance refuges nontransgenic plants grow next transgenic plants hypothesized delay evolution resistance resistant individuals mate susceptible individuals refuge hence confer resistance inheritance recessive offspring tabashnik et al analyzed field studies around world determine effectiveness refuge strategy found resistance evolved populations corn earworm us locations elsewhere five pests furthermore conclude refuge strategy successful slowing evolution resistance expressing multiple bt toxins single plants may slow appearance resistance lmz nat biotechnol 26 199 2008 chemistry air rescue jake yeston chemists generally take pains ensure purity reagents lest highly reactive contaminant doom anticipated outcome though adventitious impurity proves help hindrance reported synthesis quinine woodward doering 1944 landmark achievement history organic chemistry ensuing years controversy swelled reports reliance final reduction step published 26 years earlier rabe kindler chemistry last step really viable woodward taken synthesis way fruition actually stopped penultimate step meticulous effort reproduce rabe study smith williams find modern concerns probably arose account excessively pure materials show reduction proceeds efficiently aluminum powder called published procedure partially oxidized exposure air reasonably likely circumstance 1918 jsy angew chem int ed 47 1736 2008 immunology exceptional acceptance stephen j simpson 1960 medawar burnet awarded nobel prize physiology medicine showing immunological tolerance foreign grafts acquired many studies animal models shown since possible reeducate immune system recipient foreign antigens carried donor cells grafts induction full immune tolerance transplanted organs also pursued clinic would dispense need extensive immunosuppressive regimes currently used prevent organ rejection scandling et al kawai et al report cases human kidney transplantation hematopoietic cells donor cotransplanted organ followed distinct protocols conditioning involving depletion host cells first study resulted ongoing mixed chimerism meaning comparable proportions donor recipient hematopoietic cells circulating body second study extent chimerism considerably less also transient nevertheless clinical settings possible discontinue immunosuppressive drugs without significant adverse responses grafted organs furthermore cellular evidence immunological tolerance detected third study alexander et al describe female liver transplant patient spontaneous switch occurred blood group andbecause donor malethe sex circulating leukocytes impressively removal immunosuppressive drugs undertaken resolve hemolytic anemia patient resulted complete chimerism meaning hematopoietic cells donor origin longterm acceptance grafted liver three studies reveal immunological acceptance transplanted organs realistic goal worthy exploration sjs n engl j med 358 362 353 369 2008 physiology never alone katrina l kelner us carries community microorganisms intestinal tract necessary optimal health varies composition person person learn gut microbes influence human physiology li et al surveyed symbionts seven members fourgeneration chinese family sequencing rrna genes assembled phylogenetic picture resident microbesmainly bacteroidetes firmicutes spp chinese microbiomes showed individual malefemale differences composition although differed markedly seen americans parallel analysis urine samples family allowed authors correlate variations resident microbes variations excreted metabolites served proxy individuals metabolic state found several microbial species appeared significantly affect hosts instance faecalibacterium prausnitzii associated presence dimethylamine suggested indicator metabolic syndrome diabetes functional metagenomics approach extended combining full genomic sequencing microbes measurements metabolic clinical features interest ultimately hope identify gut inhabitants associated disease states human wellbeing kk proc natl acad sci usa 105 2117 2008 unsubscribe edit subscriptions service httpwwwsciencemagorgcgialertsmain written requests unsubscribe may sent customer service 1454 page mill road palo alto ca 94304 usa magazine news signaling careers multimedia collections help site map rss subscribe feedback privacy legal us advertise us contact us 2008 american association advancement science rights reservedaaas partner hinari agora patientinform crossref counter sponsored biorad laboratories like researchers want get results faster many factors contribute overall time takes get pcr results time design program optimize protocol time run protocol time analyze results biorad 1000series thermal cycling platform speed every step pcr process give really important shorter time setup results find bioradcompcr thu 07 aug 2008 040234 0800 science citetrack editors choice highlights recent literature