expletive neg0 opacity effects dear absence nwords italian marks sentential negation non alone opacity effects created non sense whoperator extracted position neg0 say higher speccp position effect attributed within relativized minimality necessarily cooccuring nonovert operator specnegp operator counts closer potential antecedent prevents moves whconstituent properly governing trace far good french ne neg0 usually able mark sentential negation contexts however e g pseudomodal verbs oser pouvoir interestingly contexts opacity effects also produced suggesting presence nonovert operator specnegp far still good french ne also expletive uses example complement adversative predicates comparatives ne appear formal styles without reversing polarity contexts opacity effects attested suggesting nonovert operator occupies specnegp like know situation languages e g spanish catalan relevant non romance varieties think right saying varieties neg0 normally sufficient mark sentential negation alone neg0 morpheme e g also expletive uses question expletive neg0 produce opacity effects languages relevant information specific languages would welcome would references discussion literature many thanks paul dr paul rowlett head french department modern languages university salford salford m5 4wt greater manchester united kingdom