text_combined: sum hold compulsion existence month ago posted enquiry asking help finding non ie languages connection following expressions hold possess synchronically diachronically exist possess must possess quite happy enthusiastic reponse around 20 contacted interested short summary hope nt left anyone nt confused anything know next nothing languages told also small isaster email accidentally deleted answers apologize answered nt find name list would like take chance thank answer information following languages japanese verb mot hold also used large extent possess existence compulsion also anonymous reply pointed another construction possess aru exist sure difference meaning possess mot possess aru basque edun nowadays du used possession auxiliary addition south verb eduki hold also extent grammaticalized denote possess also perfect transitive verbs intransitives form perfect izan development seems following lines development latin romance hebrew verb possess hebrew possession expressed periphrastically dative interestingly also connection possess compulsion existence apparently use construction aramaic many aramaic dialects earlier construction past participle dative l pronoun became past tense l predominantly used goal verbs motion also used possession arabic cairene colloquial arabic anda near used possession negated like verb like preposition tamil iru located dative used possession durative continuous aspect perfect perfective kol hold although used possess combined iru denotes action one following selfbenefactive reflexive deliberate accidental depending expected crow exist notexist used existence also possess perfective aspect finish pitaa hold also used express compulsion interestingly possess dakota yuha hold may also used extent otherwise used chinese yong3yiu3 yong3 denotes embrace also used express possess stress one total control one may use zhung3yiu3 zhung3 denotes hold one palm yiu3 possess existence also used perfect questions negative statements idg ghebh give latin habeo hold finally tips reading bernd heine grammaticaliztion conceptual framework w welmers african language structures kathleen carey doctoral thesis possess perfect romance langauges dept linguistics ucsd robert hoberman syntax semantics verb morphology modern aramaic american oriental society 1989 simon hopkins neo aramaic dialects formation preterite journal semantic studies 34 413432 1989 j vendryes sur l emploi de l auxiliaire avoir pour marquer le passe melanges de linguistique et de philologie offerts jacq van ginneken paris 1937 e benveniste la construction passive du parfait transitif bulletin de la societe de linguistique de paris 1952 48 136 5262 many thanks responded due accidental deletion unfortunately appear address responded ben edr5r edr co jp gkinkley uhuni uhcc hawaii edu larry trask larryt cogs susx ac uk edit vms huji ac il robert hoberman rhoberman sbccmail bitnet kirk belnap belnapk yvax byu edu haroldfs u washington edu karen wallace wallace biology ucla edu john e koontz koontz alpha bldr nist gov siiroinen finuh bitnet wenchao li ishaw ndsuvm1 bitnet bert peeters bert peeters modlang utas edu au elc9j faraday clas virginia edu kemmer ruf rice edu c jan wouter zwart zwart letrug nl malcolm ross anu edu au rcosper husky1 stmarys ca john peterson kiel germany email gor05 rz unikiel d400 de