text_combined: synthetic compounds summary dear colleagues april sent query linguist synthetic compounds received 30 replies tried respond personally replies couple messages bounced apologize anyone missed appreciated response received proud part intellectual community many people eager share hard knowledge summary learned follows divided four parts part 1 presents questions taken given initial query part 2 consists bibliography works others found useful research compounds part 3 table showing data far encourage look may surprise may disagree say favorite language please write know little languages way judging read widely accepted view part 4 explain project currently working make yet another call data matter much get want hope summary useful interesting least part 1 got interesting replies query instead addition offering data questioned notion synthetic compounds based query post follows looking information synthetic compounds like english truck driver french essuieglace one element compound verbal element interpreted object trying find connection ordering elements compounds ordering elements vp already information compounds formed used english french spanish italian dutch igbo jacaltec unable despite hours library find information languages questions fell two main categories 1 mean synthetic compounds surface seems like simple terminological question goes much deeper researching type compounds seen called number names deverbals verbals v n v nominalizations nt know term synthetic comes use one taught terms merits faults reflects theory compounding user ascribes well good makes research area difficult another problem arising part simply reflected plethora terms type compounds fact two linguists define group way synthetic compound made verbal noun interpreted direct object dishwasher face painting others noun oblique object well theater goer call compound verbal element synthetic examining room purposes current work interested first type v fact subset compound understood person object preforms action ie dishwasher something one washes dishes 2 think driver truck driver verb obviously noun nt looking ordering nps instead vps admittedly first glance compound truck driver seem made two nouns truck driver fact point think compelling argument view except words like driver tend semantically weak except case like driver unless appear part compound meaning context compare grower apple grower french compounds present even better support verb based view essuie essuieglace windshieldwiper straight forward verb form french noun essuie wiper thus french synthetics least n n compounds want unified theory synthetics english synthetics n n either want comment either questions please directly linguist think either could lead good general debate already said say subjects moment part 2 synthetic compound bibliography warning citations incomplete hope nt cause anyone much trouble adams valerie introduction modern english word formation new york longman bauer laurie english word formation cambridge cambridge university press 1983 grammar nominal compounding special reference danish english french odense odense university press 1978 beard robert lexeme morpheme base morphology suny press summer booij g van haaften external syntax derived words evidence dutch yearbook morphology 1 1988 2944 chao yuen ren grammar spoken chinese berkeley university california press 1968 pages 415434 chi telee r ra study verb object compounds mandrin chinese thompson lord c 1974 approaches lexicon ucla papers syntax 6 los angeles university california press lexical analysis verb noun compounds mandrin chinese taipei crane publishing co 1985 chung karen steffen verb noun function describing compounds bulletin college liberal arts national taiwan university 41 1994 181222 craig c jacaltec language bloomington indiana university press 1973 nice section word formation darmesteter arsene traite de la formation des mots composes dans la langue francais comparee aux autres langues romanes et au latin paris librairie honore campion reprint 1893 work 1967 drapeau lynn aspects de la morphologie du nom en montagnais thesis universite de montreal 1979 les noms composses en montagnais recherches linguistiques montreal montreal working papers vol 12 may 1979 linguistique amerindinenne syntax algonquienne gavarro anna syntactic theory grammar catalan compounding dissertation university edinburgh 1990 greenberg gerald r stress polish compounds lingua international review general linguistics 70 2 3 nov 1986 163170 koptjevskaja tanm maria nominalizations new york routledge 1993 lehmann w p proto indo european compounds relation proto indo european syntactic patterns acta linguistica hafniensia 1969 320 lehmann w p theoretical basis indo european linguistics routledge 1993 pages recomended 64 14850 255 6 leiber r phrasal compounds english morphology syntax interface papers parasession agreement grammatical theory 20222 argument linking compounds english linguistic inquiry vol 14 1983 deconstructing morphology 1992 leonard rosemary interpretation english noun sequences computer amsterdam north holland 1984 levi judith syntax semantics complex nominals studies modern hebrew syntax semantics ed cole north holland publishing 1976 pgs 955 li c n thompson mandrin chinese functional reference grammar berkeley university california press pages 7381 lloyd paul verb complement compounds spanish tubingen max miemeyer verlag 1968 nwaozuzu g nominal compounds igbo afrika und ubersee sprachen kulturen 70 2 225244 selkirk elisabeth syntax words cambridge mit press 1982 spencer andrew morphological theory oxford basil blackwell 1991 thiele johannes la formation des mots en francais moderne translated andr clas montreal presses de l universite de montreal 1987 varela soledad organization lexical component noun compounds spanish acta linguistica scientiarum hungaricae 1986 36 1 4 23544 vogel irene phonological evidence level ordering italian word formation acta linguistica scientiarum hungaricae 1986 36 1 4 245260 vogel irene napoli verbal component italian compounds proceedings linguistic symposium romance languages xxii eds jon amastae grant goodall mario montabetty philadelphia john benjamins appear wilco g ter stal paul e van der vet two level semantic compounds wonderly 1951 international journal applied linguistics zwanenburg morphological heads french compounding germanic prefixation theoretical analyses romance linguistics eds laeufer morgan part 3 following table summarizes data languages examined indicates holes data language vp order compound order v affixed n affixed pie ov ov sanskrit ov ov latin free ov ov french vo vo italian vo vo yes spanish vo vo yes english vo ov yes dutch vo ov yes german vo ov yes danish vo ov yes swedish vo ov yes icelandic vo ov yes russian free ov yes serbo croatian free vo vo yes yes polish vo vo yes welsh vo vo yes yes ov yes igbo vo vo yes jacaltec vo vo yes pulaar vo vo yes yes finnish vo ov yes yes west armenian ov ov mandrin chinese vo irish gaelic vo vo yes thai svo svo galacian vo vo yes hebrew vo vo yes czech vo japanese ov yes favorite language missing disagree please read next section send data need set things right part 4 paper currently working amattempting see two theories makes correct predictions surface form synthetic compounds first theory based hawkins view parsing predicts surface form synthetics differ much possible ordering affixation corresponding vp listener confuse two second theory based number generative theories word formation predicts synthetics vps similar possible derivation synthetics simple possible thus english affix er different word orders synthetics vps conforms first theory french similar ordering conforms second basically need data many languages possible order see two theories makes accurate prediction putting severe limits data considering looking one subset synthetics agentive reading mean compounds indicating people instruments agent corresponding vp like english truck driver dishwasher french porteparole essuieglace chose subset semantically distinct vp problems caused listener confusing agentive compounds vps would severe subset thus environment one would expect see evidence first theory first theory indeed make correct predictions might consider types synthetics try see type hierarchy within synthetics based semantically distinct corresponding vps however later need data agentive synthetics willing send data languages missing please include least 1 name language question look get typological information 2 two examples morpheme morpheme gloss free gloss 3 simple sentences corresponding vps glossed 4 plural feminine forms examples exist 5 judgement productive compounding process language 6 comments think helpful example french francais l essuieglace wipe v stem 3rd sing depending analysis glass n stem sg fem windshield wiper n sg masc le porteparole carry v stem speech n stem spokesman n sg masc il essuie la glace nom wipes 3rd sing pres fem sing glass fem sing elle porte la parole nom carries 3rd sing pres fem sing speech fem sing les essuieglaces pl fem exists les porteparoles pl la porteparole fem pattern productive french especially er verbs compounds always masculine regardless gender nominal element essuie porte independently interpreted verb stems 3rd singular pres used nouns adjectives phillipe barbaud universite du quebec montreal wrote nice paper name escapes french compounds late 80 thanks replied first query hope summary use heather anderson hmanders indiana edu 322 memorial hall iu bloomington 47405