text_combined: lotfi zadeh gzrdaeecsberkeleyedu joseph halpern wrote hi lotfi problems handled approach howver answer depends model detail 1 manufacturer raincoats would like increase sales end increased advertising budget 20 six moths later sales went 10 increase sales caused increase advertising budget degree according definitions judea pearl give whether increase sales caused increase advertising budget depends structural model english description give enough details strutural model answer question course variable affects sales advertising budget answer yes otherwise answer depends variables else happened call context paper similarly dgree increase cause depends structural model according definition hana chockler gave degree cause 1k1 k smallest number things changed order make increase advertising critical critical advertising would result incrase advertising results increase note answer questions structural model example wins election 65 every voter voted cause victory one degree responsibility 1 wins 110 voter still cause victory one degree responsibiltiy 16 since change 5 votesmaking vote 65before someones vote critical 2 listening business news stock market sharp drop analysts cite primary reason drop 2 increase unemployment b 3 dollar barrel increase price oil degrees b cause sharp drop cant answer question framework without structural model equations straightforward 3 shot killed b based information concluded caused bs death additional information hired c kill b c wanted b killed b raped murdered cs tenyear old daughter kill b borrowed gun suspected sure gun would used kill someone degrees death b caused b c problem concepts causality responsibility closely linked answer others obvious causal model would say c cause death degree responsibility 1 assuming wouldnt able kill b hadnt loaned gun c wouldnt able hire someone else structural equations make clear whether assumptions true theyre gain questions causality degree responsibility depends alternatives would captured structural model hope clarifies things little regards joe uai mailing list dear joe many thanks clarifying comments work judea pearl major contributions development better understanding causalitya concept position centrality science particularly ai sticky point theorya point alluded comment joseph mitola iii definition causality conditioned existence structural model problem realistic settingssettings exemplified problems 1 2 3valid structural models hard impossible construct example problem 1 increase sales may result increase advertising rainy weather better economy raising prices competitors etc model factors combine produce increase sales applies problems 2 3 case problem 3 noted contexts causal strength may equated degree responsibility contexts different meanings problem 3 degrees responsibility assessed precisely specifically degree responsibility would high knew gun would used kill b would low idea gun borrowed kill someone assessment degree responsibility social settings lend scientific analysis matter convention subject debate message june 2nd made two statements causality undefined b causality undefinable far seen definitions causality applicable problems 1 2 3 causality undefinable know mathematics many problems solution widely unrecognized many concepts intrinsically lend precise definition example concept summary another example concept relevance view concept causality falls category general setting issue definability related issue precisiation addressed papers fuzzyalgorithmic approach definition complex imprecise concepts int jour manmachine studies 8 249291 1976 causality indefinable towards theory hierarchical definability intelligence materials world selected papers ipmm2001 third international conference intelligent processing manufacturing materials editors ja meech et al crc press boca raton 2934 2002 precisiated natural language pnl ai magazine vol 25 3 7491 2004 generalized theory uncertaintyprincipal concepts ideas appear computational statistics data analysis define concept c start perception c precisiate perception c describing meaning definition language definition language natural language precisiation referred mhprecisiation standing meaning h humanoriented definition language mathematical language precisiation referred mmprecisiation precisiation cointensive sense mmprecisiation meaning definiens good fit perception c within framework asserted possible construct definition causalityespecially inverse causalitywhich general mmprecise cointensive major obstacle noted message problem decombination warm regards lotfi lotfi zadeh professor graduate school director berkeley initiative soft computing bisc thu 07 aug 2008 004732 0700 uai causality