text_combined: 5 1484 comparative syntax since chet creider posting 8 dec rightly corrected misinformation gave offthe topof thehead posting karamojong decided make amends little research little check rest said consider xmas gift relevant section recent nilo saharan classification sudanic nilotic basically greenberg 1963 refinements branching rearrangement limbs east sudanic four branches including eastern western nilotic three branches including west east south karamojong belongs east branch nilotic branch east sudanic therefore classified closer maasai maa lotuko branch bari bari branch lwo branch west branch nilotic closer kalenjin group south branch e g nandi west branch following relatively recent classification found schadeberg 1981 article nilo saharanisch central sudanic moru madi lugbara etc east sudanic eastern nubian western tama daju kuliak ik nilotic west call north nilotic burun idem nuer dinka idem lwoo north shilluk anwak south achooli luo east call central nilotic bari bari kakwa etc maa lotuko maasai etc teso turkana karamojong jie etc south kalenjin nandi markweta nandi tuken elgon sapiny pok okiek dorobo sogoo etc datoga etc beside bewildering array east west branches branches sudanic line trace inaccuracy conolly mention jie language jie along karamojong various languages teso part teso turkana branch east nilotic however earlier classification e g crazzolara 1938 jii name used west nilotic least current lwo nuer dinka branches jii means people ordinary people west nilotic languages hence classificational name dinka call jieng suspect east nilotic jie also spelled jiye word nt checked jie actually call african language nomenclature full terms used speakers often sarcastic neighbors example dinka evidently see stigma autonym achooli use term somewhat like english uses term masses cf hoi polloi fun let see accurate said numbers one ten nt need six nine compounds five plus numbers five data languages restricted happened within reach without library research however data bari teso ateso experience transcriptions recordings made long time ago east africa even knew languages classified nt published linguistic data hand cases simplified orthography typographical ease losing information example h following vowel refers retracted lax sounding tongue root position vowel nilotic languages complex vowel systems tense lax subsystems course lexical numbers prove anything genetic af finities nevertheless interesting patterns emerge compare currently accepted classification scheme west nilotic achooli anwak luo dinka nuer 1 ace hl achyehloh achiel tok kehl 2 aryo h areahu ariyo rou rahu 3 adeek adahgoh adehk diak dyohk 4 ang hn ang wehnoh ang wen ng wan ng wan 5 abiic abiyuh abihch dhiec dye ch 10 apaar apar apar thiaar wahl first consonant 5 seems diagnostic distinctness nuer dinka lwoo group otherwise dinka 1 wierd first consonant dinka 10 cf dinka nuer 5 much wierder comparison indo european numbers cf germanic 4 5 slavic 910 reconstruction difficult although nt accurate transcription vowel distinctions tone east south nandi nilotic afro asiatic cushitic bari teso maasai nandi somali 1 kyeling diopeti bo akenge kow southern also hal 2 morehk iyere aeng lamma 3 msala iu li uni somok siddah 4 ingwan iwong wahn ong uan angwan afar 5 mukanad ikany imiet mut 10 pwahk itomony tomon taman tommon numbers 2 4 consistent west nilotic otherwise lexicon appears areally defined first maasai nandi seem cognate west nilotic 5 however maasai classified bari teso east nilotic thus bari teso seem share innovation 5 extend maasai south nilotic meanwhile cognacy bari 3 teso maasai questionable nandi 3 beyond pale interestingly data bari 10 given greenberg gives bari 10 mere one mass cognate sets p 106 pwahk fits west nilotic set presumably g data comes published source nt loo ked data since transcribed several decades relistened bari tape make sure nt transposed word 10 word like toothbrush way teso closely related karamojong would expect numbers similar including cushitic loan 10 doubts whether karamojong 5 would follow maasai bari teso pattern got ta go library one volunteers word 10 east south nilotic languages recognised g loan somali one mutually intelligible galla languages cushitic gave somali numbers easy see would lot difficult argue somali nilotic languages uhm lexical correspondences behave like numbers g actually uses example cushitic multiple ten maasai arguments meinhof nilo hamitic hypothesis cushitic part hamitic older terminology afro asiatic g coinage older semito hamitic note nubian 10 thus g sharp use arguments borrowing opponents opponents east sudanic central sudanic nubian lugbara 1 rum aluh 2 awum iri 3 toskum na 4 kemsum su 5 dijum towi 10 dimnum muhdri wow numbers nt help unite nubian branch east sudanic nilotic obviously criteria used superifical impression nubian 10 looks promising cognate south east nilotic maybe card already played nongenetically good reason g p106 compares bari 10 mere khordofan nubian bure central sudanic lugbara might expected naive even different nilotic nubian numbers nt show g uses lugbara 2 mass cognate sets unity central east sudanic interestingly also uses dinka 1 wierd one west nilotic mass cognate sets comparison 10 central sudanic groups lots interesting claims e g common west nilotic word one proto west nilotic let alone proto nilotic despite suggestiveness bari nandi 1 g could right know anyway interested areal crosscurrents hypotheses genetic relationships thus implications emerge g mass comparison e g pan nilotic word 4 must areal innovation maybe proto nilotic since occur elsewhere nilo saharan known language group matter ok pretty strong hypotheses nt followed nilo saharan studies closely though nubian numbers nt show g uses lugbara 2 mass cognate sets unity central east sudanic interestingly also uses dinka 1 wierd one west nilotic mass cognate sets comparison 10 central sudanic groups lots interesting claims e g common west nilotic word one proto west nilotic let alone proto nilotic despite suggestiveness bari nandi 1 g could right know anyway interested areal crosscurrents hypothese genetic relationships thus implications emerge g mass comparisons e g pan nilotic word 4 must areal innovation maybe proto nilotic since occur elsewhere nilo saharan known language group matter ok pretty strong hypotheses nt followed nilo sahara n studies closely though west african niger congo actually benue kwa grou p niger congo greenberg 1963 notes westermann also used label various east sudanic languages w done fieldwork nilotic beli eving related west african niger congo e sudanic l anguages since come across occasional grumblings begrudging g niger congo hypothesis lifted westermann fair mention g separate w beliefs niger congo beliefs sudanic w course influential beliefs east sudanic anyway nilo hamitic hypothesis influential theory given ritual fa scination european civilisation debt ancient egypt near east g came along anyway day east central sudani c g west sudanic sum unity west nilotic would evident even rigorous ne grammarians west african niger congo actually benue kwa group niger congo greenberg 1963 notes westermann also used label fo r various east sudanic languages w done fieldwork nilotic believ ing related west african niger congo e sudanic lan guages since come across occasional grumblings begrudging g niger c ongo hypothesis lifted westermann fair mention g separate w beliefs niger congo beliefs sudanic w w course influential beliefs east sudanic anyway nilo hamitic hypothesis influential theory given ritual fasc ination european civilisation debt ancient egypt near ea st g came along anyway day east central sudanic g west sudanic sum unity west nilotic would evident even rigorous ne grammarians practice selective circularity metho g method best equipped attack seem hur ry even primarily concerned lumping languages deeper deeper pr otofamilies primary concerns use ling uistic data historyexplains justifieseverything intellectual climate 19th century given current emphasis typological detail uni versals counterconcern cultural relativity composite cultura l uniqueness least cherished amerindists linguists cause amerindist anthropological tradition accuracy data paramo unt concern even errors overwhelmed reliable facts drawing big p ictures mass comparison method g final destination may bump road amerindists even different road leading different irection unwelcome distraction like flat tire benji