text_combined: sum dear colleagues last week sent query list asking fomral opposition demonstratives june 4 6 772 qs received 26 responses think necessary compile quick summary today away tokyo two weeks starting tomorrow original text query follows presentday european languages one set simple demonstratives opposition vs expressed help french ceci ce livreci book cela ce livrel book swedish det ha r den ha r bilen car det da r den da r bilen car estonian see siin see maja siin house see seal see maja seal house sweidish german dictionary stora tyska ordboken gives der hier der da colloquial familia r umgangssprachlich german forms conrrespond den ha r den da r respectively common demonstrative system like incidentally japanese rather sophisticated threeway distinction kono hon book see sono hon book see book discussion ano hon book see afraid convince students japanese extravagant even way using demonstratives though last paragraph intended allusion way japanese tourists spend money overseas quite people japanese non japanese took seriously tried convince japanese language sic means extravagant alone threeway distinction demonstratives even drew attention existence language fiveway distinction thank examples various demonstrative systems sent point wanted discuss perhaps stated explicitly interested morphology demonstrative pronouns adjectives important french instance one basic demonstrative pronounadjective e ce morphlexical level speaker french may optionally add element meaning either order make finer distinctions ce livreci cette tablel japanese however single basic demonstrative pronounadjective like ce french speaker japanese must always choose one set three lexically distinct demonstrative forms big difference puzzels many students estonian syntax class responses think direct relevance interest imagine posting bit abbreviated mention swedish demonstratives denna detta dessa den det de case grammatically correct usual conversational speech den tiden det aaret de fraagorna one would expect danish norwegian similar regard swedish unfortunately little information contribute danish den det de plus option adding der tag den bog naer saa du de mennesker hvad er det der jeg tager dem der certain whether usage quite whether den der forms predominate swedish certain dialects american english use attested way schoolteachers warn students use expressions nonstandard regarded uneducated usages though suspect actually come older dialects british descent acceptable brian white bfwhite watson ibm com use compund demonstratives indeed common mother tongue norwegian believe scandinavian languages ie norwegian danish swedish feel feature colloquial speech would surprised find formal writing fast speech distinction two demonstratives tends lost least dialect bergen western norway den bilen enner bilen car den der bilen enner bilen car moreover norwegian believe swedish danish distinctions den bilen vs denne bilen car vs car masc det huset vs dette huset house vs house neu seem correspond closely english perfectly acceptable written spoken norwegian gisle andersen gisle andersen eng uib native speaker would really use der hier even colloquial der da possible would likely contrast der dort implies der da goes along general always problem native speakers german acquire distinction draw boundaries maybe formal terms register would dieses jenes least use translations also german english dictionary advises never trust dictionary actually use jenes much goes along formal speech maybe even old fashioned gertraud benke gertraud leland stanford edu english colloquially esp black eng vernacular uses book vs book sounds perfectly normal book book sound mostly like american english southeast portion u tim beasley tbeasley ucla edu might interested know many dialects english appalachian us therefore british dialects well similar opposition one talking dog dog one demonstrative used seem relics old germanic usage james kirchner jpkirchner aol com dialects british english excluding varieties nt know well enough perfectly acceptable eg look postcard sent pick bucket normal dialect david britain dbritain essex ac uk another funny case colloquial english say x x greek afto edho usually pronounced aftodho ekino eki ekinoki meaning dh postdental fricative stavros macrakis macrakis osf org interestingly afrikaans dutch based creole developed hierdie litt herethat whereas dutch system using simply eze ie henk wolf h wolf stud let ruu nl sure understand question correctly italian northern italian least say questo qui questo qua instead questo quello li quello la instead quello colloquial forms really say whether used parts italy anna mazzoldi mazzoldi iol ie seems execptions italian dialects greek phenomenon seems characteristic germanic languages languages gone strong germanic influence french estonian note incidentally finnish genetically closely related estonian japanese side similar split seems exist among romance languages well interesting others gave examples richer demonstrative systems interested data please ask copy file contains responses unedited form hearty thanks following people responded query philippe l valiquette phlcvali vm1 ulaval ca gertraud benke gertraud leland stanford edu brian white bfwhite watson ibm com tim beasley tbeasley ucla edu adriano paolo palma pyapp sun22 ccunix ccu edu tw james kirchner jpkirchner aol com eugene loos eugene loos sil org murat kural izzyfk6 mvs oac ucla edu derek gowlett gowlett beattie uct ac za jeff allen jhallen indiana edu merce prat cogsci ed ac uk nino n vessella agora stm david beck djbeck uvvm uvic ca debra r west markell markell afterlife ncsc mil anna mazzoldi mazzoldi iol ie stavros macrakis macrakis osf org gisle andersen gisle andersen eng uib david britain dbritain essex ac uk henk wolf h wolf stud let ruu nl kiyoko takahashi gc610817 netserv chula ac th philippe mennecier ferry cimrs1 mnhn fr david parkinson dp11 cornell edu anton sherwood dasher netcom com nebiye kurtboeke arts monash edu au kirk belnap belnapk yvax byu edu geoffrey nathan geoffn siu edu 09 30 jst june 8 1995 best wishes kazuto kazuto matsumura kmatsum tooyoo l utokyo ac jp institute cross cultural studies tooyoo gengo faculty letters university tokyo hongo 7 3 1 bunkyo ku tokyo 113 japan tel 81 35800 3754 fax 81 35800 3740 58032784