2 Genes, chromosomes and the Compare how DNA is 3.4.1 DNA, genes and PS 1.2 scientific 10.1 genetic code organised in eukaryotic and chromosomes knowledge to practical 10.2 prokaryotic cells contexts Give students a list of key words In prokaryotic cells, DNA molecules and phrases to include in a written are short, circular and not description of the genetic code. associated with proteins. Students could determine the sequence of amino acids from a In the nucleus of eukaryotic sequence of nucleotide bases. DNA molecules are very long, Assignment 1 can be used to draw linear and associated with together student’s current proteins, called histones. Together understanding of DNA. a DNA molecule and its associated proteins form a chromosome. The mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells also contain DNA which, like the DNA of prokaryotes, is short, circular and not associated with protein. A gene is a base sequence of DNA that codes for: the amino acid sequence of a • polypeptide a functional RNA (including • ribosomal RNA and tRNAs) A gene occupies a fixed position, called a locus, on a particular DNA molecule. A sequence of DNA bases, called a triplet, codes for a specific amino acid. The genetic code is universal, non-overlapping and degenerate.
2 Genes, chromosomes and the genetic code Give students a list of key words and phrases to include in a written description of the genetic code. Students could determine the sequence of amino acids from a sequence of nucleotide bases. Assignment 1 can be used to draw together student’s current understanding of DNA. Compare how DNA is organised in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells 3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes In prokaryotic cells, DNA molecules are short, circular and not associated with proteins. In the nucleus of eukaryotic DNA molecules are very long, linear and associated with proteins, called histones. Together a DNA molecule and its associated proteins form a chromosome. The mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells also contain DNA which, like the DNA of prokaryotes, is short, circular and not associated with protein. A gene is a base sequence of DNA that codes for: • the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide • a functional RNA (including ribosomal RNA and tRNAs) A gene occupies a fixed position, called a locus, on a particular DNA molecule. A sequence of DNA bases, called a triplet, codes for a specific amino acid. The genetic code is universal, non-overlapping and degenerate. PS 1.2 scientific knowledge to practical contexts 10.1 10.2
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