among different ethnic groups. Andrusaityte To investigate Nested 4-6 year old Doctor-diagnosed International Study of Residential surrounding ORs adjusted for Asthma ↑ 2016, the associations children of the asthma Asthma and Allergies greenness, Normalised mother’s age at IQR increase in NDVI-100: 1.43 (1.10, 1.85) Lithuania between control KANC newborns in Childhood 9ISAAC) Difference Vegetation Index, childbirth, maternal surrounding study cohort study questionnaire (NDVI) as well as distance to education, parental asthma, greenness levels the nearest city park maternal smoking during et al. 2016) (n = 1,489) and asthma pregnancy, breastfeeding, among children, antibiotic use during the first and to explore a year of life, keeping a cat possible change during the past 12 months, of this living in a flat and yearly association by mean of ambient PM2.5 and the distance of NO2 the residence to a city park To validate the Case 10 stable COPD VO2, VCO2, Primary measurement Park walk vs boulevard walk Matching of participants VO2, VCO2, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), 2016, trail’s design by patients (9 men, respiratory and bespoke vs trial min ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), energy Spain assessing the study average age 67 ±9 exchange ratio questionnaire expenditure volume (MET-min), walking time, physiological years) and 10 (RER), min walking speed, steps, time for breaks, final response to healthy patients ventilation (VE), dyspnea, final leg fatigue ↔ et al. unsupervised (5 men, average heart rate (HR), 2016) walking trails of age 31 ±4 years) energy expenditure 1) different volume (MET-min), (n = 20) intensities in walking time, COPD patients, walking speed, and 2) same steps, time for intensity from breaks, final different public dyspnea, final leg spaces in healthy fatigue adults
among different ethnic groups. Andrusaityte 2016, Lithuania et al. 2016) To investigate the associations between surrounding greenness levels and asthma among children, and to explore a possible change of this association by the distance of the residence to a city park Nested study 4-6 year old children of the KANC newborns cohort study (n = 1,489) Doctor-diagnosed asthma International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood 9ISAAC) questionnaire Residential surrounding greenness, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, (NDVI) as well as distance to the nearest city park ORs adjusted for mother’s age at childbirth, maternal education, parental asthma, maternal smoking during pregnancy, breastfeeding, antibiotic use during the first year of life, keeping a cat during the past 12 months, living in a flat and yearly mean of ambient PM2.5 and NO2 Asthma ↑ IQR increase in NDVI-100: 1.43 (1.10, 1.85) 2016, Spain et al. 2016) To validate the trail’s design by assessing the physiological response to unsupervised walking trails of 1) different intensities in COPD patients, and 2) same intensity from different public spaces in healthy adults Case control study 10 stable COPD patients (9 men, average age 67 ±9 years) and 10 healthy patients (5 men, average age 31 ±4 years) (n = 20) VO2, VCO2, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), min ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), energy expenditure volume (MET-min), walking time, walking speed, steps, time for breaks, final dyspnea, final leg fatigue Primary measurement and bespoke questionnaire Park walk vs boulevard walk vs Matching of participants VO2, VCO2, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), min ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), energy expenditure volume (MET-min), walking time, walking speed, steps, time for breaks, final dyspnea, final leg fatigue ↔ trial
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