Egg- Hexa- Oval- Tetra- P value SEX F Count 8 8 20 18 (33.3%) 0 0.007 (%) (14.8%) (14.8%) (37%) M Count 4 10 (22.2%) 23 4 4 (%) (8.9%) (51.1%) (8.9%) (8.9%) Table 5: Distribution of OC length in both males (n = 45) and females (n = 54). Number and percent (%) OCL (mm) F M Moderate (20-26mm) 50 (92.2%) 43 (95.6%) Long (>26mm) 4 (7.4%) 2 (4.4%) OCL: occipital condyle length. Fig. 20: A chart showing the length of the foramen magnum in males and females. Fig. 21: A chart showing the width of the foramen magnum in males and females. Fig. 22: A chart showing the area of the foramen magnum in males and females. DISCUSSION Measurements of the cranium (Franklin et al., 2005), the mandible (Potsch-Schneider et al., 1985) as well as dentition (Rosing et al., 1995) were used in sex determination. These studies demonstrated that statistically significant differences existed between male and female skulls which are still used to predict sex in unknown skulls. However, the need to identify sex from cranial fragments is mandatory when considering the fragile nature of the viscerocranium. The cranial base is known for its ability to remain intact when the rest of the cranium is compromised (Graw, 2001), and researchers made use of that fact by analyzing sexually dimorphic traits of this anatomical region (Teixeira, 1982; Routal et al., 1984; Holland, 1986; Catalina-Herrera, 1987; Gunay & Altinkok, 2000; Graw, 2001; Wescott & Moore-Jansen 2001; Murshed et al., 2003; Uysal et al., 2005).
P value Egg- Hexa- Oval- Tetra- SEX F Count (%) 8 (14.8%) 8 (14.8%) 20 (37%) 18 (33.3%) 0 0.007 M Count (%) 4 (8.9%) 10 (22.2%) 23 (51.1%) 4 (8.9%) 4 (8.9%) Table 5: Distribution of OC length in both males (n = 45) and females (n = 54). Number and percent (%) OCL (mm) F M Moderate (20-26mm) 50 (92.2%) 43 (95.6%) Long (>26mm) 4 (7.4%) 2 (4.4%) OCL: occipital condyle length. Fig. 20: A chart showing the length of the foramen magnum in males and females. Fig. 21: A chart showing the width of the foramen magnum in males and females. Fig. 22: A chart showing the area of the foramen magnum in males and females. DISCUSSION Measurements of the cranium (Franklin et al., 2005), the mandible (Potsch-Schneider et al., 1985) as well as dentition (Rosing et al., 1995) were used in sex determination. These studies demonstrated that statistically significant differences existed between male and female skulls which are still used to predict sex in unknown skulls. However, the need to identify sex from cranial fragments is mandatory when considering the fragile nature of the viscerocranium. The cranial base is known for its ability to remain intact when the rest of the cranium is compromised (Graw, 2001), and researchers made use of that fact by analyzing sexually dimorphic traits of this anatomical region (Teixeira, 1982; Routal et al., 1984; Holland, 1986; Catalina-Herrera, 1987; Gunay & Altinkok, 2000; Graw, 2001; Wescott & Moore-Jansen 2001; Murshed et al., 2003; Uysal et al., 2005).
a_study_of_the_dimensions_of_both_the_foramen_magnum_and_occipital_condyles_in_modern_egyptians_and_their_use_in_sex_determination_0.docx