Electronic supplementary material Online Appendix I Overview on EURO I to VI emission standards for passenger cars Emission Standard NOx [g/km] EURO Transposition in the EU member Diesel Gasoline emission Regulation Title states (Compression (Positive standard Ignition) Ignition) I July 1992 Directives 91/441/EEC - - (passenger cars only) or 93/59/EEC (passenger cars and light trucks) II January 1996 for new type Directives 94/12/EC or 0.61 - ‡ approvals 96/69/EC III January 2000 for new type Directive , further 0.50 0.15 approvals amendments in January 2001 for first registration of existing, previously type-approved vehicle models IV 1 January 2005 for new Directive , further 0.25 0.08 type approvals amendments in January 2006 for first registration of existing, previously type-approved vehicle models V 1 September 2009 for the Regulation (EC) No 0.18 0.06 approval of vehicles 1 January 2011 for the registration and sale of all models VI 1st September 2014 for the Regulation (EC) No 0.08 0.06 approval of vehicles 1st January 2015 for the registration and sale of all models Sources: (; ) EURO II emissions for NOx were deduced from the limit for the combined pollutants (HC + NOx) as ‡ specified in the EURO II standard. The test procedure changed between EURO II and III and a standalone emission limit for NOx was defined. Source: () Table-OA_I-: Overview on measurement station characteristics as provided by the databases Station and Coordinates Station Name [Local City Street (longitude; Measurement equipment † Station Code] type† latitude) † < 2001: TECO 14B for NO2; traffic, Patision 23.733047; < 2001: Thermo canyon * 37.999458 Environmental Instruments [PAT101] street 14/BE for NO 2001: Horiba APNA 360 ≥
Electronic supplementary material Online Appendix I Overview on EURO I to VI emission standards for passenger cars EURO emission standard Transposition in the EU member states Regulation Title Emission Standard NOx [g/km] Diesel (Compression Ignition) Gasoline (Positive Ignition) I July 1992 Directives 91/441/EEC (passenger cars only) or 93/59/EEC (passenger cars and light trucks) - - II January 1996 for new type approvals Directives 94/12/EC or 96/69/EC 0.61 ‡ - III January 2000 for new type approvals January 2001 for first registration of existing, previously type-approved vehicle models Directive , further amendments in 0.50 0.15 IV 1 January 2005 for new type approvals January 2006 for first registration of existing, previously type-approved vehicle models Directive , further amendments in 0.25 0.08 V 1 September 2009 for the approval of vehicles 1 January 2011 for the registration and sale of all models Regulation (EC) No 0.18 0.06 VI 1st September 2014 for the approval of vehicles 1st January 2015 for the registration and sale of all models Regulation (EC) No 0.08 0.06 Sources: (; ) ‡ EURO II emissions for NOx were deduced from the limit for the combined pollutants (HC + NOx) as specified in the EURO II standard. The test procedure changed between EURO II and III and a standalone emission limit for NOx was defined. Source: () Table-OA_I-: Overview on measurement station characteristics as provided by the databases City Station Name [Local Station Code] Station and Street type† Coordinates (longitude; latitude) † Measurement equipment † * Patision [PAT101] traffic, canyon street 23.733047; 37.999458 < 2001: TECO 14B for NO2; < 2001: Thermo Environmental Instruments 14/BE for NO ≥ 2001: Horiba APNA 360
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