DNA introns replication fork DNA ligase lagging strand repressor DNA polymerase leading strand RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA) DNA replication RNA (miRNA) start codon/stop codon exons mutation template strand genetic code nucleic transcription helicase nucleotides transcription factors hydrogen bonding Okazaki fragments translation inducible protein Thinking Questions Compare the two DNA sequences shown below. Transcribe them into mRNA and translate them into an amino acid sequence. mRNA GTG CAC CTC ACT CCA GAG GAG (Normal Hemoglobin) amino acids GTG CAC CTC ACT CCA GTG GAG (Sickle Cell Hemoglobin) mRNA amino acids Circle any differences there are in the DNA, RNA and amino acid sequences that might exist between these two sequences. Identify the type of mutation that is represented AND EXPLAIN, IN DETAIL, what effect this would have on the protein/pigment (be sure to mention the types of functional groups on the amino acids and how this would affect shape of the molecule). In prokaryotic cells, translation begins before transcription is finished. Give two reasons why this would not be possible in eukaryotic cells. The restriction enzyme cleaves double-stranded DNA at the sequence 5'-GAATTC-3' and the restriction enzyme HindIII cleaves at 5'-AAGCTT-3'. A 20 kb circular plasmid is digested with each enzyme individually and then in combination, and the resulting fragment sizes are determined by means of electrophoresis. The results are as follows:
DNA DNA ligase DNA polymerase DNA replication exons genetic code helicase hydrogen bonding inducible introns lagging strand leading strand RNA (miRNA) mutation nucleic nucleotides Okazaki fragments protein replication fork repressor RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA) start codon/stop codon template strand transcription transcription factors translation Thinking Questions Compare the two DNA sequences shown below. Transcribe them into mRNA and translate them into an amino acid sequence. mRNA GTG CAC CTC ACT CCA GAG GAG (Normal Hemoglobin) amino acids GTG CAC CTC ACT CCA GTG GAG (Sickle Cell Hemoglobin) mRNA amino acids Circle any differences there are in the DNA, RNA and amino acid sequences that might exist between these two sequences. Identify the type of mutation that is represented AND EXPLAIN, IN DETAIL, what effect this would have on the protein/pigment (be sure to mention the types of functional groups on the amino acids and how this would affect shape of the molecule). In prokaryotic cells, translation begins before transcription is finished. Give two reasons why this would not be possible in eukaryotic cells. The restriction enzyme cleaves double-stranded DNA at the sequence 5'-GAATTC-3' and the restriction enzyme HindIII cleaves at 5'-AAGCTT-3'. A 20 kb circular plasmid is digested with each enzyme individually and then in combination, and the resulting fragment sizes are determined by means of electrophoresis. The results are as follows:
AP%20Biology%20Exam%20Review%20meganchirbymodified.docx