Solubility Rules Chart Solubility of Positive Ions Negative Ions + = Compounds in Example (Anions) (Cations) water Alkali Ions Sodium fluoride, (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NaF, is soluble any anion + = soluble Fr+) hydrogen ion hydrogen chloride, any anion + = soluble HCl, is soluble [H+ (aq)] ammonium ammonium ion any anion + = soluble chloride, NH4Cl, is (NH4) soluble nitrate potassium nitrate, + any cation = soluble KNO3, is soluble NO3- sodium acetate, acetate any cation + = soluble CH3COONa, is (CH3-) (except Ag) soluble silver chloride, AgCl, Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Cu+, low solubility forms a white Tl+ (insoluble) Chloride (Cl-), + = precipitate Bromide (Br-), potassium bromide, + any other cation = soluble Iodide (I-) KBr, is soluble barium sulfate, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ag2+, low solubility BaSO4, forms a Pb2+, Ra2+, Hg2+ (insoluble) + = white precipitate Sulfate copper sulfate, (SO42-) + any other cation = soluble CuSO4, is soluble alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+), alkali earth metals magnesium sulfide, (Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, MgS, is soluble + = soluble Sr2+, Ba2+, Ra2+),
Solubility Rules Chart Negative Ions (Anions) + Positive Ions (Cations) = Solubility of Compounds in water Example any anion + Alkali Ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+) = soluble Sodium fluoride, NaF, is soluble any anion + hydrogen ion [H+ (aq)] = soluble hydrogen chloride, HCl, is soluble any anion + ammonium ion (NH4) = soluble ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is soluble nitrate NO3- + any cation = soluble potassium nitrate, KNO3, is soluble acetate (CH3-) + any cation (except Ag) = soluble sodium acetate, CH3COONa, is soluble Chloride (Cl-), Bromide (Br-), Iodide (I-) + Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Cu+, Tl+ = low solubility (insoluble) silver chloride, AgCl, forms a white precipitate + any other cation = soluble potassium bromide, KBr, is soluble Sulfate (SO42-) + Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ag2+, Pb2+, Ra2+, Hg2+ = low solubility (insoluble) barium sulfate, BaSO4, forms a white precipitate + any other cation = soluble copper sulfate, CuSO4, is soluble + alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+), alkali earth metals (Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ra2+), = soluble magnesium sulfide, MgS, is soluble
AS%20level%20Qualitative%20Analysis.docx