these Gestational age analysis: relationships Adjusted for neighbourhood SEP, degree of urbanisation, distance of residential place to major roads, maternal age, ethnicity, academic level, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, parity, history of preterm birth, history of obs/gynae pathologies, use of assisted reproductive technologies and sex of infant Dadvand To evaluate Population-based Sedentary Bespoke Residential surrounding All analyses adjusted for Asthma ↗ 2014, Spain health benefits sample of behaviour, obesity, questionnaire greenness, Normalised indicators of individual SES, Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and study schoolchildren current asthma and Difference Vegetation Index, parental education, parental ↗ (Dadvand et associated with years old) in allergic (NDVI) school (public/private), al. 2014) different types Spain in 2006 rhinoconjuncitivitis SES at census tract Residential proximity to of greenness in level. Respiratory and allergic (n = 3,178) greenspaces, Atlas map children, in outcomes further adjusted (2007) terms of for child’s sex and age, sedentary exposure to tobacco smoke behaviour at home, having older (excessive siblings, parental history of screen time), asthma. Analyses of obesity, current overweight/obesity adjusted asthma and for sport activity at school or allergic sport facilities and having siblings. Sedentary behaviour analyses controlled for child’s sex and age and having siblings Dadvand To assess the Cohort Conducted as part Developmental Primary measurement Residential and school Model adjusted for age, sex Cognitive development ↑ 2015, Spain association of the brain trajectory of surrounding greenness, and SES indicators at Pre-post results for greenspace within and between development and working memory, Normalised Difference individual and area levels (Dadvand et surrounding school grounds show significant exposure to air pollution superior working Vegetation Index (NDVI) al. 2015) improvements in working memory, superior greenspace and ultrafine particles memory, and working memory and a significant reduction in measures of in schoolchildren inattentiveness inattentiveness cognitive (BREATHE)
these relationships Gestational age analysis: Adjusted for neighbourhood SEP, degree of urbanisation, distance of residential place to major roads, maternal age, ethnicity, academic level, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, parity, history of preterm birth, history of obs/gynae pathologies, use of assisted reproductive technologies and sex of infant Dadvand 2014, Spain (Dadvand et al. 2014) To evaluate health benefits and associated with different types of greenness in children, in terms of sedentary behaviour (excessive screen time), obesity, current asthma and allergic study Population-based sample of schoolchildren years old) in Spain in 2006 (n = 3,178) Sedentary behaviour, obesity, current asthma and allergic rhinoconjuncitivitis Bespoke questionnaire Residential surrounding greenness, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, (NDVI) Residential proximity to greenspaces, Atlas map (2007) All analyses adjusted for indicators of individual SES, parental education, parental school (public/private), SES at census tract level. Respiratory and allergic outcomes further adjusted for child’s sex and age, exposure to tobacco smoke at home, having older siblings, parental history of asthma. Analyses of overweight/obesity adjusted for sport activity at school or sport facilities and having siblings. Sedentary behaviour analyses controlled for child’s sex and age and having siblings Asthma ↗ Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis ↗ Dadvand 2015, Spain (Dadvand et al. 2015) To assess the association between exposure to greenspace and measures of cognitive Cohort Conducted as part of the brain development and air pollution ultrafine particles in schoolchildren (BREATHE) Developmental trajectory of working memory, superior working memory, and inattentiveness Primary measurement Residential and school surrounding greenness, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Model adjusted for age, sex and SES indicators at individual and area levels Cognitive development ↑ Pre-post results for greenspace within and surrounding school grounds show significant improvements in working memory, superior working memory and a significant reduction in inattentiveness
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