Most birds have a skull bone that elongates toward the front of the head. Some have a skull with an upper beak fused to it while other birds have hinged on both upper and lower (mandibles) giving it more flexibility Internal Anatomy Heart- major organ in the circulatory system a. Made up of three muscle layers: myocardium second layer muscle that makes – up the thickness of the heart, endocardium- thin layer inside myocardium, and epicardium- thin cover over the myocardium, or main heart muscle. b. Other parts to the circulatory system are the arteries, capillaries, vein, and blood. They all move nutrient, metabolic waste, and oxygen around. Another important role circulatory system plays is protection against microbes and injury. Kidneys and bladder- part of the excretory system that rids the body of waste. In addition, the kidneys maintain chemical composition, volume of blood, and tissue fluid. Stomach and intestines- part of digestive system, which breaks the food down into smaller pieces to be used by the body. Nutrients are gleaned from these food materials. Lungs - part of the respiratory system where the oxygen is taken in by the nose, passed on to the lungs and then goes into the blood. Brains, spinal cord, and nerves make up the nervous system. The coordinator of all body activities regulates other systems, and controls memory and learning. Ovaries (female) and testes (male) make up the reproductive system to produce new individuals of the same species. Ovaries produce eggs and testes produce sperm. Muscles make up the muscular system that gives the body its movement, posture, support, and produces heat. Digestive system Non-ruminants are referred to as single-stomached or monogastric animals. The digestive system of rabbits and birds are classified as non-ruminants even though their system is slightly different.
Most birds have a skull bone that elongates toward the front of the head. Some have a skull with an upper beak fused to it while other birds have hinged on both upper and lower (mandibles) giving it more flexibility Internal Anatomy Heart- major organ in the circulatory system a. Made up of three muscle layers: myocardium – second layer muscle that makes up the thickness of the heart, endocardium- thin layer inside myocardium, and epicardium- thin cover over the myocardium, or main heart muscle. b. Other parts to the circulatory system are the arteries, capillaries, vein, and blood. They all move nutrient, metabolic waste, and oxygen around. Another important role circulatory system plays is protection against microbes and injury. Kidneys and bladder- part of the excretory system that rids the body of waste. In addition, the kidneys maintain chemical composition, volume of blood, and tissue fluid. Stomach and intestines- part of digestive system, which breaks the food down into smaller pieces to be used by the body. Nutrients are gleaned from these food materials. Lungs - part of the respiratory system where the oxygen is taken in by the nose, passed on to the lungs and then goes into the blood. Brains, spinal cord, and nerves make up the nervous system. The coordinator of all body activities regulates other systems, and controls memory and learning. Ovaries (female) and testes (male) make up the reproductive system to produce new individuals of the same species. Ovaries produce eggs and testes produce sperm. Muscles make up the muscular system that gives the body its movement, posture, support, and produces heat. Digestive system Non-ruminants are referred to as single-stomached or monogastric animals. The digestive system of rabbits and birds are classified as non-ruminants even though their system is slightly different.
anatomy_notes_from_course_guide.docx