Figure S1 SEM images of the product under other conditions: a,b: Hydrothermal products after sulfuric acid (10 mol·L-1) assisted reaction; c,d: The product of a,b after KOH-activation process (CNSA-10); e,f: The product after direct heat treatment (900°C without KOH) of the hydrothermal product with the assistance of sulfuric acid (6 mol·L-1) Figure S2 FTIR spectra of the hydrothermal product, CNSA-0, CNSA-2 and CNSA-6. The IR spectra of the products are carried out to further reveal their surface organic groups. Results show the hydrothermal product contains many surface organic groups like ether linkage (C-O-C,1100~1150 cm-1), hydrocarbyl in saturated (C-H, 2900~3000 cm-1) and carbanyl group (C=O,1620~1640 cm-1) hydrocarbons. When the samples are further treated by KOH at high temperature, only the chemical groups of C-O-C and C=O are found in the final products. By comparing the peaks of these two groups in each product, higher intensity of the peak for C=O group are shown in CNSA-6 than CNSA-0 and CNSA-2. This result suggests more oxidized structure may form during the KOH-activation process in CNSA-6. Figure S3 Pore size distribution of CNSA-0, CNSA-2 and CNSA-6. Figure S4 Cycling performance of the sample CNSA-10 as LIB anode. Figure S5 Charge-discharge curves of CNSA-6 for the first three cycles as LIB anode (Current density: 100 mA·g-1). Figure S6 Charge-discharge curves of CNSA-6 for the first three cycles as SIB anode (Current density: 100 mA·g-1). Figure S7 Cyclic voltammogram of CNSA-6 as SIB anode tested between 0.005 and 3.0 V (Scanning rate: 0.2 mV·s-1)
Figure S1 SEM images of the product under other conditions: a,b: Hydrothermal products after sulfuric acid (10 mol·L-1) assisted reaction; c,d: The product of a,b after KOH-activation process (CNSA-10); e,f: The product after direct heat treatment (900°C without KOH) of the hydrothermal product with the assistance of sulfuric acid (6 mol·L-1) Figure S2 FTIR spectra of the hydrothermal product, CNSA-0, CNSA-2 and CNSA-6. The IR spectra of the products are carried out to further reveal their surface organic groups. Results show the hydrothermal product contains many surface organic groups like ether linkage (C-O-C,1100~1150 cm-1), hydrocarbyl in saturated (C-H, 2900~3000 cm-1) and carbanyl group (C=O,1620~1640 cm-1) hydrocarbons. When the samples are further treated by KOH at high temperature, only the chemical groups of C-O-C and C=O are found in the final products. By comparing the peaks of these two groups in each product, higher intensity of the peak for C=O group are shown in CNSA-6 than CNSA-0 and CNSA-2. This result suggests more oxidized structure may form during the KOH-activation process in CNSA-6. Figure S3 Pore size distribution of CNSA-0, CNSA-2 and CNSA-6. Figure S4 Cycling performance of the sample CNSA-10 as LIB anode. Figure S5 Charge-discharge curves of CNSA-6 for the first three cycles as LIB anode (Current density: 100 mA·g-1). Figure S6 Charge-discharge curves of CNSA-6 for the first three cycles as SIB anode (Current density: 100 mA·g-1). Figure S7 Cyclic voltammogram of CNSA-6 as SIB anode tested between 0.005 and 3.0 V (Scanning rate: 0.2 mV·s-1)
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