Understand the nature of Explain why substitution Students consider Kekule’s Unit 4 Q9a Olympiad question on TNT from the bonding in benzene reactions occur in proposed structure and its 2011 (Q3 stretch and challenge) ring. preference to addition limitations. January 2011 reactions. Unit 4 Q6 3.3.10.2 Students calculate the enthalpy Electrophilic substitution. Outline the electrophilic change for hydrogenation of June 2010 substitution mechanisms of cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene and compare Unit 4 Q8 Know and understand nitration, including the with actual value for benzene, and electrophilic substitution generation of the nitronium sketch enthalpy level diagram (nitration and acylation) ion and acylation using reactions: equations, AlCl3 as a catalyst. Students name a variety of organic conditions, mechanisms. compounds. Understand the importance of these reactions. Students equations and mechanisms for a variety of electrophilic substitution reactions. Practical activity: Nitration of methyl benzoate (to include purification by recrystallisation and melting point determination). 3.3.9.1 2 Know how to draw the Students draw and name a variety January 2013 Esters in fruit Carboxylic acids and structure of and name of carboxylic acids and esters. Unit 4 Q3 esters. carboxylic acids and esters. Students write equations for a range June 2010 How detergents work of esterification and hydrolysis Unit 4 Q7a and 7d Know and understand: Know how carboxylic acids reactions. Carboxylic acids are react with carbonates (and January 2010 Soap weak acids. write equations). Unit 4 Q5
Understand the nature of the bonding in benzene ring. 3.3.10.2 Electrophilic substitution. Know and understand electrophilic substitution (nitration and acylation) reactions: equations, conditions, mechanisms. Explain why substitution reactions occur in preference to addition reactions. Outline the electrophilic substitution mechanisms of nitration, including the generation of the nitronium ion and acylation using AlCl3 as a catalyst. Understand the importance of these reactions. Students consider Kekule’s proposed structure and its limitations. Students calculate the enthalpy change for hydrogenation of cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene and compare with actual value for benzene, and sketch enthalpy level diagram Students name a variety of organic compounds. Students equations and mechanisms for a variety of electrophilic substitution reactions. Practical activity: Nitration of methyl benzoate (to include purification by recrystallisation and melting point determination). Unit 4 Q9a January 2011 Unit 4 Q6 June 2010 Unit 4 Q8 Olympiad question on TNT from 2011 (Q3 stretch and challenge) 3.3.9.1 Carboxylic acids and esters. Know and understand: Carboxylic acids are weak acids. 2 Know how to draw the structure of and name carboxylic acids and esters. Know how carboxylic acids react with carbonates (and write equations). Students draw and name a variety of carboxylic acids and esters. Students write equations for a range of esterification and hydrolysis reactions. January 2013 Unit 4 Q3 June 2010 Unit 4 Q7a and 7d January 2010 Unit 4 Q5 Esters in fruit How detergents work Soap
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