values in Figure 1a. (Hartvigsen Crossover To determine 15 non-smokers 4 test each Total Venous blood Reduced by Glucose: Only Postprandial the effect of and non-diabetic providing 50 g of fibre samples were crossover AXRK meal blood glucose et al. isolated subjects with digestible from wheat drawn before the design, has measurements in Denmark AX alone or MetS as defined carbohydrate in the intervention and sufficient significantly (P from the AXRK in by the were given in included at frequent washout period = 0.003) versus the SE combination International random order strata intervals within combined with reduced the control have with whole Diabetes after 12h- fasting (AXRK) 270 min compliance to peak been used in grain rye Federation (8 period as was 19 g, following the dietary and postprandial the kernels on men and 7 follows: containing intake of test exercise glucose Other postprandial postmenopausal semolina 23.1% w/w bread meals. instructions compared with outcomes glucose, women) of porridge with total AX Plasma glucose before and SE. assessed in this insulin, FFA, average age concentrated and was measured during the Mean trial (e.g. gut 63.5± 5 years, arabinoxylan therefore by a glucose difference satiety) are not hormones, BMI 31.3± 2.7 (AX) has 3.5 g delivering oxidase method between the relevant to this SCFA and kg/m2 and fasting AX, rye kernels 4.4 g of AX (GOD-PAP included strata review. appetite in blood plasma (RK) has 4.7 g per eating glucose kit, and the control subjects with glucose 5.9±0.4 AX or occasion. Roche). was - MetS. mmol/L. 12 concentrated subjects were arabinoxylan mmol/l. treated with blood combined with ANOVA was pressure rye kernels used to examine Insulin: medication and 7 (AXRK) has 4.4 the effect of test significantly (P with g AX and breads and time <0.001) lower semolina on the in the included medication. porridge as postprandial stratum Power calculation control (SE) glucose (AXRK) was conducted a which has 0.9 responses. compared with priori. AX. the control at the peak. No increase or significant difference in insulin concentrations were observed in the
values in Figure 1a. (Hartvigsen et al. in Denmark Crossover To determine the effect of isolated AX alone or in combination with whole grain rye kernels on postprandial glucose, insulin, FFA, gut hormones, SCFA and appetite in subjects with MetS. 15 non-smokers and non-diabetic subjects with MetS as defined by the International Diabetes Federation (8 men and 7 postmenopausal women) of average age 63.5± 5 years, BMI 31.3± 2.7 kg/m2 and fasting blood plasma glucose 5.9±0.4 mmol/L. 12 subjects were treated with blood pressure medication and 7 with medication. Power calculation was conducted a priori. 4 test each providing 50 g of digestible carbohydrate were given in random order after 12h- fasting period as follows: semolina porridge with concentrated arabinoxylan (AX) has 3.5 g AX, rye kernels (RK) has 4.7 g AX or concentrated arabinoxylan combined with rye kernels (AXRK) has 4.4 g AX and semolina porridge as control (SE) which has 0.9 AX. Total fibre from wheat in the included strata (AXRK) was 19 g, containing 23.1% w/w total AX and therefore delivering 4.4 g of AX per eating occasion. Venous blood samples were drawn before the intervention and at frequent intervals within 270 min following the intake of test bread meals. Plasma glucose was measured by a glucose oxidase method (GOD-PAP glucose kit, Roche). ANOVA was used to examine the effect of test breads and time on the postprandial glucose responses. Reduced by crossover design, sufficient washout period combined with compliance to dietary and exercise instructions before and during the Glucose: Only AXRK meal has significantly (P = 0.003) reduced the peak postprandial glucose compared with SE. Mean difference between the included strata and the control was mmol/l. Insulin: significantly (P <0.001) lower in the included stratum (AXRK) compared with the control at the peak. No increase or significant difference in insulin concentrations were observed in the Postprandial blood glucose measurements from the AXRK versus the SE control have been used in the Other outcomes assessed in this trial (e.g. satiety) are not relevant to this review. -
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