LID technology hubs Appendix: Supplementary Materials of the Table S1 to Table S4 present a suite of LID technology hubs for better understanding this paper. Table S1. Summary of point-based LID technologies Low Impact Development Description Ecosystem Services Retention basin A recessed area within the Reduces stormwater ▪ ▪ landscape that is designed to store volume, which reduces the http://www.stormwaterpa.org and retain a defined quantity of average annual pollutant loading runoff, allowing it to percolate that may be discharged from the through permeable soils into the system. groundwater. Suspended solids, heavy ▪ metals, bacteria, pesticides, and nutrients are removed as runoff percolates through the soil profile. Wet detention basin Wet detention systems are Provides removal of both ▪ ▪ permanently wet ponds which are dissolved and suspended http://www.facilities.vt.edu designed to slowly release a pollutants by taking advantage of portion of the collected physical, chemical, and biological stormwater runoff through an processes within the pond. outlet structure. They are simple to design ▪ and operate, provide a predictable recovery of storage volumes within the pond, and are easily maintained. Underground storage Underground storage and Used where land values are ▪ ▪ retention systems are special high, and the owner/applicant https://en.wikipedia.org types of retention systems that desires to minimize the potential capture the required treatment loss of usable land with other volume in an underground storage types of retention BMPs. system. Does not require human ▪ access for maintenance. Vegetated natural buffers VNBs are defined as areas An effective best ▪ ▪ (VNBs) with vegetation suitable for management practice for the sediment removal along with control of nonpoint source http://ci.owatonna.mn.us nutrient uptake and soil pollutants in overland flow by stabilization which are set aside providing opportunities for
Appendix: Supplementary Materials of the LID technology hubs Table S1 to Table S4 present a suite of LID technology hubs for better understanding this paper. Table S1. Summary of point-based LID technologies Low Impact Development Description Ecosystem Services Retention basin http://www.stormwaterpa.org ▪ A recessed area within the landscape that is designed to store and retain a defined quantity of runoff, allowing it to percolate through permeable soils into the groundwater. ▪ Reduces stormwater volume, which reduces the average annual pollutant loading that may be discharged from the system. ▪ Suspended solids, heavy metals, bacteria, pesticides, and nutrients are removed as runoff percolates through the soil profile. Wet detention basin http://www.facilities.vt.edu ▪ Wet detention systems are permanently wet ponds which are designed to slowly release a portion of the collected stormwater runoff through an outlet structure. ▪ Provides removal of both dissolved and suspended pollutants by taking advantage of physical, chemical, and biological processes within the pond. ▪ They are simple to design and operate, provide a predictable recovery of storage volumes within the pond, and are easily maintained. Underground storage https://en.wikipedia.org ▪ Underground storage and retention systems are special types of retention systems that capture the required treatment volume in an underground storage system. ▪ Used where land values are high, and the owner/applicant desires to minimize the potential loss of usable land with other types of retention BMPs. ▪ Does not require human access for maintenance. Vegetated natural buffers (VNBs) http://ci.owatonna.mn.us ▪ VNBs are defined as areas with vegetation suitable for sediment removal along with nutrient uptake and soil stabilization which are set aside ▪ An effective best management practice for the control of nonpoint source pollutants in overland flow by providing opportunities for
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