( v ) ( ~ · ) ~ v / ~ ( v ) Q S R P Q S R P Q S Q S P F F F F T F T T T F F √ II. 1. Valid. Let = = and = B Barbara goes to the party, J Johnny goes to the party, L Lee Ann has to pick up Mary Lynn. ( v ) ~ ) ~ / ~ B J L B J L B L J F T T T F F T T F Valid. Let = and = 2. B you take a Breathalizer test, A you get arrested for DUI. v B A B A ~ B / A F F F T F Since the only way to get the conclusion false is for to be false, and the only way to get the second A premise true is for to be false, it will be impossible to then get the first premise true. Thus, the argument B is valid. 3. Invalid. Let = = and = P animals feel pain, L animals learn from experience, C animals are conscious. ( v ) P L C P L C ~ P ~ L / ~ C F F T F T T T F √ 4. Invalid. Let = = and = P animals feel pain, L animals from experience, C animals are conscious. ( v ) P L C P L C ~ P ~ L / C F F F F T T T F √ 5. Invalid. Let = = and = C animals are conscious, P animals do feel pain, R animals do have rights. ( v ) C P R ~ C ~ P ~ R ~ R ~ P / ~ C T F F F T T T T T T F √ 6. Invalid. Let = = and = C animals are conscious, P animals do feel pain, R animals do have rights. ( v ) C P R ~ C ~ P ~ R C P / R T T F F F F T T T T F √ Let = and = 7. R you are right, W you are wrong. v R W R W ~ R / W F F F T F Since the only way to get the conclusion false is for to be false, and the only way to get the second W premise true is to for to be false, it will be impossible to then get the first premise true. Thus, the R
Q S R P ( Q v S ) ( ~ R · P ) ~ Q v S / ~ Q ( S v P ) F F F F T F T T T F F √ II. 1. Valid. Let B = Barbara goes to the party, J = Johnny goes to the party, and L = Lee Ann has to pick up Mary Lynn. B J L ( B v J ) ~ L ) ~ B L / ~ J F T T T F F T T F 2. Valid. Let B = you take a Breathalizer test, and A = you get arrested for DUI. B A B v A ~ B / A F F F T F Since the only way to get the conclusion false is for A to be false, and the only way to get the second premise true is for B to be false, it will be impossible to then get the first premise true. Thus, the argument is valid. 3. Invalid. Let P = animals feel pain, L = animals learn from experience, and C = animals are conscious. P L C ( P v L ) C ~ P ~ L / ~ C F F T F T T T F √ 4. Invalid. Let P = animals feel pain, L = animals from experience, and C = animals are conscious. P L C ( P v L ) C ~ P ~ L / C F F F F T T T F √ 5. Invalid. Let C = animals are conscious, P = animals do feel pain, and R = animals do have rights. C P R ( ~ C v ~ P ) ~ R ~ R ~ P / ~ C T F F F T T T T T T F √ 6. Invalid. Let C = animals are conscious, P = animals do feel pain, and R = animals do have rights. C P R ( ~ C v ~ P ) ~ R C P / R T T F F F F T T T T F √ 7. Let R = you are right, and W = you are wrong. R W R v W ~ R / W F F F T F Since the only way to get the conclusion false is for W to be false, and the only way to get the second premise true is to for R to be false, it will be impossible to then get the first premise true. Thus, the
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