Epidemiological Studies that Show Mercury in Air Pollution is a Risk Factor for ASD Table 14. Type of Study Authors and N Purpose of Study Findings Source of Journal Exposure Age or Time Frame Epidemiology Zhang and mercury Examined mercury Evidence suggests an Prenatal Wong [119] emission based exposure increases increase in autism Mercury Environ Int on the data of in China related to increasing Exposure 1999 in China mercury exposure Epidemiology Palmer et al. Texas Education Mercury release, Association between Coal-burning [120] Department special education environmentally plants Health Place 2000-2001 rates, and autism released mercury and EPA- Toxic disorder special education rates Release were fully mediated by Inventory 2004 increased autism rates. 4 million children enrolled in grades K through 12 Epidemiology Palmer et al. EPA- Toxic Proximity to Association between Coal-burning [121] Release mercury release and proximaty of released power plants Health Place Inventory 1998 autism prevalence mercury and autism Epidemiology Blanchard et US EPA National Occurrence of Risk of autism is greater Coal burning al. [122] Scale Air Toxins autism related to in the geographic areas power plants Rev Environ Assessment 2002 distribution of of higher levels of Health Texas Education mercury in ambient ambient mercury Association air Epidemiology Dickerson et US EPA- Toxics ASD prevalence and Association between Industrial al. [123] Release proximity to urban residential facilities industrial facilities proximity to industrial
Table 14. Epidemiological Studies that Show Mercury in Air Pollution is a Risk Factor for ASD Type of Study Source of Exposure Authors and Journal N Age or Time Frame Purpose of Study Findings Epidemiology Prenatal Mercury Exposure Zhang and Wong [119] Environ Int mercury emission based on the data of 1999 in China Examined mercury exposure increases in China Evidence suggests an increase in autism related to increasing mercury exposure Epidemiology Coal-burning plants Palmer et al. [120] Health Place Texas Education Department 2000-2001 EPA- Toxic Release Inventory 2004 4 million children enrolled in grades K through 12 Mercury release, special education rates, and autism disorder Association between environmentally released mercury and special education rates were fully mediated by increased autism rates. Epidemiology Coal-burning power plants Palmer et al. [121] Health Place EPA- Toxic Release Inventory 1998 Proximity to mercury release and autism prevalence Association between proximaty of released mercury and autism Epidemiology Coal burning power plants Blanchard et al. [122] Rev Environ Health US EPA National Scale Air Toxins Assessment 2002 Texas Education Association Occurrence of autism related to distribution of mercury in ambient air Risk of autism is greater in the geographic areas of higher levels of ambient mercury Epidemiology Industrial facilities Dickerson et al. [123] US EPA- Toxics Release ASD prevalence and proximity to industrial facilities Association between urban residential proximity to industrial
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