Dakinanbulan. Dak-in-an-bulan Hit-PAST-I-those two (object) two’: ‘Those Subject: yurrbulang Object: Nyuwalang Possessive: Yurrwangbulang Gulgurn man’ ‘young Gulgurnbula ‘two young men’ Buletyi gulgurn ‘two men’ Inclusive and You and I slept. (dual You and I slept. (dual Background concepts: pronouns, dual, person exclusive first inclusive) inclusive) General: In Aboriginal Languages speakers can indicate person Gumbinangul Gumb-in-angul grammatically whether or not the person they are pronouns – including and and I speaking to is included in ’we’. excluding the The addressee is the person being spoken to. addressee, She and I slept. (dual She and I slept. (dual Grammatical: that is, the exclusive) exclusive) If the addressee is included in the first person dual ‘we’, person Gumbinangulung inclusive pronoun is used, ie, it includes the addressee. spoken to Gumb-in-angulung If the addressee is excluded from the first person ‘we’, Sleep-PAST-I and she dual exclusive pronoun is used, ie, it excludes the addressee. You all and I slept. You all and I slept. (plural The inclusive/exclusive distinction also applies to first (plural inclusive) inclusive) person plural pronouns. Gumbinangu
Dakinanbulan. Dak-in-an-bulan Hit-PAST-I-those two (object) ‘Those two’: Subject: yurrbulang Object: Nyuwalang Possessive: Yurrwangbulang Gulgurn ‘young man’ Gulgurnbula ‘two young men’ Buletyi gulgurn ‘two men’ Inclusive and exclusive first person pronouns – including and excluding the addressee, that is, the person spoken to You and I slept. (dual inclusive) Gumbinangul Gumb-in-angul and I She and I slept. (dual exclusive) Gumbinangulung Gumb-in-angulung Sleep-PAST-I and she You all and I slept. (plural inclusive) Gumbinangu You and I slept. (dual inclusive) She and I slept. (dual exclusive) You all and I slept. (plural inclusive) Background concepts: pronouns, dual, person General: In Aboriginal Languages speakers can indicate grammatically whether or not the person they are speaking to is included in ’we’. The addressee is the person being spoken to. Grammatical: If the addressee is included in ‘we’, the first person dual inclusive pronoun is used, ie, it includes the addressee. If the addressee is excluded from ‘we’, the first person dual exclusive pronoun is used, ie, it excludes the addressee. The inclusive/exclusive distinction also applies to first person plural pronouns.
A_quick_reference_guide_to_the_grammar_of_Victorian_Aboriginal_Languages_F-12.docx