Nakau 2013, To examine the study Cancer patients, QOL questionnaire, Primary Forest Matching of participants Natural killer cell activity ↑ Japan effect of spiritual pre-post mean age 58.1 spirituality, fatigue measurement, – Cancer-associated fatigue care of cancer years, 18 females (cancer fatigue bespoke questionnaire ↓ (Nakau et al. patients by (mean age 56.6 psychological Self-reported health 2013) ↑ integrated years) and 4 state and Natural medicine in a males (mean age Killer (NK) cell 65.3 years) with activity environment breast or lung cancer (n = 22) Ngom 2016, To determine Sample of data Diabetes, ischaemic Quebec Integrated Nearest distance to several Controlled for several social Cerebrovascular prevalence ↓ Canada the role of from the Quebec heart disease, Chronic Disease types of greenspace and the and environmental factors Highest distance to greenspace with sports proximity to study Integrated cerebrovascular Surveillance System presence of vegetation in (Ngom et al. facilities: PRR 1.11 (95% CI 1.01, 1.22) specific types of Chronic Disease diseases, heart (QICDSS) open areas using CanMap 2016) greenspaces as Surveillance failure Diabetes ↓ well as their System (QICDSS) spatial location Highest distance to greenspace with sports (n = 3,920,000) in the facilities: PRR 1.09 (95% CI 1.03, 1.13) relationship with the most morbid Heart failure ↔ cardiovascular Ischaemic heart disease diseases (CVD) ↔ and diabetes Ochiai 2015, To assess the Pre-post Japanese males Blood pressure, Primary measurement Forest Matching of participants Blood pressure ↓ Japan physiological study (mean age 56 urinary adrenaline Urinary adrenaline and years, range and serum cortisol ↓ (Ochiai et al. psychological years) with (not salivary) Serum cortisol 2015) ↓ effects of forest high-normal therapy on blood pressure middle aged (n = 9) males with normal blood pressure.
Nakau 2013, Japan (Nakau et al. 2013) To examine the effect of spiritual care of cancer patients by integrated medicine in a environment study – pre-post Cancer patients, mean age 58.1 years, 18 females (mean age 56.6 years) and 4 males (mean age 65.3 years) with breast or lung cancer (n = 22) QOL questionnaire, spirituality, fatigue (cancer fatigue psychological state and Natural Killer (NK) cell activity Primary measurement, bespoke questionnaire Forest Matching of participants Natural killer cell activity ↑ Cancer-associated fatigue ↓ Self-reported health ↑ Ngom 2016, Canada (Ngom et al. 2016) To determine the role of proximity to specific types of greenspaces as well as their spatial location in the relationship with the most morbid cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes study Sample of data from the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (QICDSS) (n = 3,920,000) Diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, heart failure Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (QICDSS) Nearest distance to several types of greenspace and the presence of vegetation in open areas using CanMap Controlled for several social and environmental factors Cerebrovascular prevalence ↓ Highest distance to greenspace with sports facilities: PRR 1.11 (95% CI 1.01, 1.22) Diabetes ↓ Highest distance to greenspace with sports facilities: PRR 1.09 (95% CI 1.03, 1.13) Heart failure ↔ Ischaemic heart disease ↔ Ochiai 2015, Japan (Ochiai et al. 2015) To assess the physiological and psychological effects of forest therapy on middle aged males with blood pressure. Pre-post study Japanese males (mean age 56 years, range years) with high-normal blood pressure (n = 9) Blood pressure, urinary adrenaline and serum cortisol (not salivary) Primary measurement Forest Matching of participants Blood pressure ↓ Urinary adrenaline ↓ Serum cortisol ↓ normal
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