the system of property rights (the dependent main variable of interest in this study) and their key features and functional rationale for their choice as well as the relative sizes of the contracting costs for property rights these case studies. The relevant details of the case studies are discussed in Sections 4.2 to 4.4. Table 1: Variations in physical geography and institutional features of the 3 case studies Physical geography Zangjeras Cagayan Valley Ifugao Production system Irrigated farming Irrigated farming Irrigated farming storage None / river run off Dam Watersheds Topography plains Valley Mountainous Vulnerability to High Low Low flooding and droughts Vulnerability to High High Low - Moderate typhoons Dependence on forest Low Low High / watershed Institutional / Demographic / Ethnographic / Contracting Cost Features Average size of land 0.3 ha 1.3 ha < 1 ha holdings (hectares) System of property Atar (shareholding); Private property Primogeniture rights property rights Equal bilateral inheritance; Examples of similar None / unique to Common in the Medieval Britain, property rights around Ilocos region of the Philippines and Russia, India, France, the world Philippines worldwide Germany, other European countries Key feature Fairness and Private ownership of Land is inherited by flexibility in the land the eldest son allocation of land rights and obligations among members;
the system of property rights (the dependent main variable of interest in this study) and their key features and functional rationale for their choice as well as the relative sizes of the contracting costs for property rights these case studies. The relevant details of the case studies are discussed in Sections 4.2 to 4.4. Table 1: Variations in physical geography and institutional features of the 3 case studies Physical geography Zangjeras Cagayan Valley Ifugao Production system Irrigated farming Irrigated farming Irrigated farming storage None / river run off Dam Watersheds Topography plains Valley Mountainous Vulnerability to flooding and droughts High Low Low Vulnerability to typhoons High High Low - Moderate Dependence on forest / watershed Low Low High Institutional / Demographic / Ethnographic / Contracting Cost Features Average size of land holdings (hectares) 0.3 ha 1.3 ha < 1 ha System of property rights Atar (shareholding); Equal bilateral inheritance; Private property Primogeniture property rights Examples of similar property rights around the world None / unique to Ilocos region of the Philippines Common in the Philippines and worldwide Medieval Britain, Russia, India, France, Germany, other European countries Key feature Fairness and flexibility in the allocation of land rights and obligations among members; Private ownership of land Land is inherited by the eldest son
araral.docx