4. Future Vulnerabilities of Road and Railway Infrastructure and Services 27. Future vulnerability of road infrastructure and services Asset / service Future vulnerability Climate variable Sensitivity Exposure Change in exposure Marginal cost* category (change in category) Warming will make Direct damage for example winters shorter and less Snow/ice/cold Particularly in mountains High (decreased) -€ potholes severe, but ice and issues will still occur Direct damage for example Particularly on Road pavement bitumen melting; indirect Hotter, drier summers will Hot/dry slopes; exacerbated Very high (no change) €€ damage for example increase exposure by overloading rutting Greater severity of rainfall areas* and Rain Flood damage and floods will increase Very high (increased) €€€ close to rivers exposure Warming will make winters shorter and less Snow/ice/cold Subsidence / rockfalls Particularly in mountains High (decreased) -€ severe, but ice and issues will still occur Embankment and Subsidence; vegetation Particularly in embanked Increased likelihood of Hot dry High (increased) cuttings € loss (fire) sections subsidence and fire Subsidence; erosion by Greater severity of rainfall Particularly in embanked rivers Rain and floods will increase Very high (no change) €€ sections exposure Landslides and rockfalls Warming will make Freezing, blockage, winters shorter and less Snow/ice cold Ubiquitous Medium (no -€ change) damage severe, but ice and issues will occur Drainage Dry spell length likely to Hot/dry Build-up of pollutants Ubiquitous increase which could Medium (no -/+ change) increase build up
4. Future Vulnerabilities of Road and Railway Infrastructure and Services 27. Future vulnerability of road infrastructure and services Asset / service category Climate variable Sensitivity Exposure Change in exposure Future vulnerability (change in category) Marginal cost* Road pavement Snow/ice/cold Direct damage for example potholes Particularly in mountains Warming will make winters shorter and less severe, but ice and issues will still occur High (decreased) -€ Hot/dry Direct damage for example bitumen melting; indirect damage for example rutting Particularly on slopes; exacerbated by overloading Hotter, drier summers will increase exposure Very high (no change) €€ Rain Flood damage areas* and close to rivers Greater severity of rainfall and floods will increase exposure Very high (increased) €€€ Embankment and cuttings Snow/ice/cold Subsidence / rockfalls Particularly in mountains Warming will make winters shorter and less severe, but ice and issues will still occur High (decreased) -€ Hot dry Subsidence; vegetation loss (fire) Particularly in embanked sections Increased likelihood of subsidence and fire High (increased) € Rain Subsidence; erosion by rivers Landslides and rockfalls Particularly in embanked sections Greater severity of rainfall and floods will increase exposure Very high (no change) €€ Drainage Snow/ice cold Freezing, blockage, damage Ubiquitous Warming will make winters shorter and less severe, but ice and issues will occur Medium (no change) -€ Hot/dry Build-up of pollutants Ubiquitous Dry spell length likely to increase which could increase build up Medium (no change) -/+
Appendix%207%20-%20Transport%20Final%20(2018-08-17)%20-%20EN%20-%20for%20printing0344185aea48060645a899b85b6b2db3.docx