These patterns confirm the critical role of southeastern and southern Europe as hotspots of climate change impacts and vulnerabilities. 4. CCA potential direct risks and opportunities for the agriculture sector – Opportunities Crop yield changes for major crops Potential favorable longer growing (winter wheat, corn and sunflower) season (crop shifts) Water shortage Optimize genetic potential (crops Soil carbon losses: and livestock) Existing pests/organisms will Solar farming (save electricity costs) become stronger Increase evaporation and Higher Diversify crop and varieties transpiration in plants temperatures Stress on animals/livestock (incl. heat Hybrid seed technologies (animal productivity decrease) spells and Different diseases on animals/ heat Lower heating cost livestock New viruses and fungal diseases Cost for breading Loss of (shorter reproductive periods) Loss of Good for sensitive plants Lower Effect on plant growth (damaging temperatures Crop substitution roots of plants) (incl. cold spells and Increase energy and cost in cold waves) livestock farms Soil erosion (soil surface loss) Increasing soil’s infiltration capacity Crop failure Balanced mineral fertilization Crop quality decrease Insurance on crop and livestock More Drainage problem Integrated drainage systems precipitation and humidity Infectious diseases Loss of income Loss of utilized land surface Soil moisture (decomposition of soil organic matter, soil Improve irrigation systems salinization) Desertification Additional land conversion pressures Droughts Crop yield decrease Water shortage Lost land for pasture (pasture shortage) Loss of crop (Morphological Effective pollination changes (due to exposure to wind) Damage farm infrastructure and Increase of facilities winds and storms Soil moisture stress, wind erosion Damage flowering period Increase water for crops
These patterns confirm the critical role of southeastern and southern Europe as hotspots of climate change impacts and vulnerabilities. 4. CCA – potential direct risks and opportunities for the agriculture sector Opportunities Higher temperatures (incl. heat spells and heat Crop yield changes for major crops (winter wheat, corn and sunflower) Potential favorable longer growing season (crop shifts) Water shortage Soil carbon losses: Optimize genetic potential (crops and livestock) Existing pests/organisms will become stronger Solar farming (save electricity costs) Increase evaporation and transpiration in plants Diversify crop and varieties Stress on animals/livestock (animal productivity decrease) Hybrid seed technologies Different diseases on animals/ livestock Lower heating cost New viruses and fungal diseases Cost for breading Loss of (shorter reproductive periods) Lower temperatures (incl. cold spells and cold waves) Loss of Good for sensitive plants Effect on plant growth (damaging roots of plants) Crop substitution Increase energy and cost in livestock farms More precipitation and humidity Soil erosion (soil surface loss) Increasing soil’s infiltration capacity Crop failure Balanced mineral fertilization Crop quality decrease Insurance on crop and livestock Drainage problem Integrated drainage systems Infectious diseases Loss of income Loss of utilized land surface Droughts Soil moisture (decomposition of soil organic matter, soil salinization) Improve irrigation systems Desertification Additional land conversion pressures Crop yield decrease Water shortage Lost land for pasture (pasture shortage) Increase of winds and storms Loss of crop (Morphological changes (due to exposure to wind) Effective pollination Damage farm infrastructure and facilities Soil moisture stress, wind erosion Damage flowering period Increase water for crops
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