Reduction in airport throughput due to air traffic disruption of aircraft Obstacles on the roads, streets and railways resulting in disruptions to operations Reduced visibility on the roads and streets Damage to railways signals and catenary Storms and hails Increased air turbulence Safety risks for airport ground operations Damage to aircraft and equipment Disruptions to operations at ports and airports Reduced visibility on roads and streets Fog Reduction in airport throughput due to air traffic disruption Chapter 2. Baseline Policy Context – This Chapter presents a review of the legal and institutional framework in the transport sector, as well as the regarding CCA. The most important stakeholders in the sector (both at policy and executive level) are identified and their main duties and authority to CCA are presented. The adaptive capacity of the stakeholders is also commented upon. Special attention is given to the existing gaps and barriers in the various subsectors. 2.1. State of Awareness and Understanding of Future Consequences of Climate Change and Knowledge Gaps in the Transport Sector 2.1.1. Overview In the recent years, awareness regarding the need of systematic approach regarding CCA has started to build up in the transport sector. The topic has not been popular in general, although the stakeholders in the sector have identified the need of measures to address specific types of issues which are to climate change. There have been isolated initiatives in the various subsectors, attempting to solve problems related to minimizing the impact of climate change on the transport sector. The increased use of polymer modified bitumen in road pavements is an example of such an initiative. There are other examples of efforts to address the impact of climate change-related issues on the transport sector. In 2013, as part of the Adriatic-Danube-Black Sea Multimodal project, a thorough analysis of the external economic costs for the different modes of Platform transport in southeastern European countries was made. The internalization (through charges and by other means) of the external environmental costs is an important measure which has a mitigation effect in the long run and, in some cases, may be considered an adaptation measure. All major national stakeholders in the transport sector were consulted as part of the study. One of the findings of the study (as a result of the surveys and interviews made) was
Reduction in airport throughput due to air traffic disruption of aircraft Storms and hails Obstacles on the roads, streets and railways resulting in disruptions to operations Reduced visibility on the roads and streets Damage to railways signals and catenary Increased air turbulence Safety risks for airport ground operations Damage to aircraft and equipment Disruptions to operations at ports and airports Fog Reduced visibility on roads and streets Reduction in airport throughput due to air traffic disruption Chapter 2. Baseline – Policy Context This Chapter presents a review of the legal and institutional framework in the transport sector, as well as the regarding CCA. The most important stakeholders in the sector (both at policy and executive level) are identified and their main duties and authority to CCA are presented. The adaptive capacity of the stakeholders is also commented upon. Special attention is given to the existing gaps and barriers in the various subsectors. 2.1. State of Awareness and Understanding of Future Consequences of Climate Change and Knowledge Gaps in the Transport Sector 2.1.1. Overview In the recent years, awareness regarding the need of systematic approach regarding CCA has started to build up in the transport sector. The topic has not been popular in general, although the stakeholders in the sector have identified the need of measures to address specific types of issues which are to climate change. There have been isolated initiatives in the various subsectors, attempting to solve problems related to minimizing the impact of climate change on the transport sector. The increased use of polymer modified bitumen in road pavements is an example of such an initiative. There are other examples of efforts to address the impact of climate change-related issues on the transport sector. In 2013, as part of the Adriatic-Danube-Black Sea Multimodal Platform project, a thorough analysis of the external economic costs for the different modes of transport in southeastern European countries was made. The internalization (through charges and by other means) of the external environmental costs is an important measure which has a mitigation effect in the long run and, in some cases, may be considered an adaptation measure. All major national stakeholders in the transport sector were consulted as part of the study. One of the findings of the study (as a result of the surveys and interviews made) was
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