Compare the structures and functions of the major biological molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) as related to the survival of living organisms. Summarize the relationship among DNA, proteins and amino acids in carrying out the work of cells and how this is similar in all organisms. Explain how enzymes act as catalysts for biological reactions. Checklist Compare the structure and function of each of the listed organic molecules in organisms: Carbohydrates (glucose, cellulose, starch, glycogen) ▪ Proteins (insulin, enzymes, hemoglobin) ▪ Lipids (phospholipids, steroids) ▪ Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA) ▪ Recall that the sequence of nucleotides in DNA for specific amino acids which link to form proteins. Identify the five nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G and U) found in nucleic acids as the same for all organisms. Summarize the process of protein synthesis. Note: Not expected to memorize the names and/or structures or characteristics of the 20 amino acids. The focus should be on the fact that side chains are what make each of the amino acids different and determine how they bond and fold in to Bio.3.1.2) proteins.(Relate Develop a cause and effect model for specificity of enzymes - the folding produces a 3-D shape that is linked to the protein function, enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions (catalysts) by lowering the activation energy, are re-usable and specific, and are affected by such factors as pH and temperature. Note: Understand that enzymes are necessary for all biochemical reactions and have a general understanding of how enzymes work in terms of the connection between shape and function. Big Analyze photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of how energy is stored, released, and transferred within and between these systems. Explain ways that organisms use released energy for maintaining homeostasis (active transport). Checklist Analyze overall reactions including reactants and products for photosynthesis and cellular respiration and factors which affect their rates (amounts of reactants, temperature, pH, light, etc.). Compare these processes with regard to efficiency of ATP formation, the types of organisms using these processes, and the organelles involved. (Anaerobic respiration should include lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.)
Compare the structures and functions of the major biological molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) as related to the survival of living organisms. Summarize the relationship among DNA, proteins and amino acids in carrying out the work of cells and how this is similar in all organisms. Explain how enzymes act as catalysts for biological reactions. Checklist Compare the structure and function of each of the listed organic molecules in organisms: ▪ Carbohydrates (glucose, cellulose, starch, glycogen) ▪ Proteins (insulin, enzymes, hemoglobin) ▪ Lipids (phospholipids, steroids) ▪ Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA) Recall that the sequence of nucleotides in DNA for specific amino acids which link to form proteins. Identify the five nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G and U) found in nucleic acids as the same for all organisms. Summarize the process of protein synthesis. Note: Not expected to memorize the names and/or structures or characteristics of the 20 amino acids. The focus should be on the fact that side chains are what make each of the amino acids different and determine how they bond and fold in proteins.(Relate to Bio.3.1.2) Develop a cause and effect model for specificity of enzymes - the folding produces a 3-D shape that is linked to the protein function, enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions (catalysts) by lowering the activation energy, are re-usable and specific, and are affected by such factors as pH and temperature. Note: Understand that enzymes are necessary for all biochemical reactions and have a general understanding of how enzymes work in terms of the connection between shape and function. Big Analyze photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of how energy is stored, released, and transferred within and between these systems. Explain ways that organisms use released energy for maintaining homeostasis (active transport). Checklist Analyze overall reactions including reactants and products for photosynthesis and cellular respiration and factors which affect their rates (amounts of reactants, temperature, pH, light, etc.). Compare these processes with regard to efficiency of ATP formation, the types of organisms using these processes, and the organelles involved. (Anaerobic respiration should include lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.)
Biology%202015%20EOC%20Study%20Guide%20and%20Checklist%20.docx