indication of antioxidant capacity and redox homeostasis, were significantly decreased B-lymphocytes Sharpe et al. ASD 4 TM exposure in Exposure to TM [89] Controls 4 from resulted in four of J Toxicol. individuals with autism, the families 5-13 y their nonautistic twins, and showed thimerosal their nontwin siblings hypersensitivity, whereas none of the control individuals displayed this Peripheral blood Rose et al. [90] ASD 43 Quantified the intracellular Both glutathione mononuclear cells Autism Res Controls 41 glutathione redox couple and cysteine redox Treat (GSH/GSSG) in resting ratios were 3-10 y peripheral blood decreased in mononuclear cells autistic compared to control children serum Vojdani et al. ASD 50 Measured IgG, IgM and TM binds to albumin [91] Controls 50 IgA antibodies against lymphocyte CD26, CD69, receptors and/or 3-14 y streptokinase, gliadin and tissue enzymes, casein peptides and against resulting in mercury bound to autoimmune human serum albumin in reaction in autism children with autism Blood RNA, Stamova et al. ASD 33 Correlations between gene Findings suggest Gene Expression [92] Controls 51 expression and mercury different genetic Neurotox Res levels in blood of boys transcriptional 2-5 y with and without autism programs
indication of antioxidant capacity and redox homeostasis, were significantly decreased B-lymphocytes Sharpe et al. [89] J Toxicol. ASD 4 Controls 4 5-13 y TM exposure in from individuals with autism, their nonautistic twins, and their nontwin siblings Exposure to TM resulted in four of the families showed thimerosal hypersensitivity, whereas none of the control individuals displayed this Peripheral blood mononuclear cells Rose et al. [90] Autism Res Treat ASD 43 Controls 41 3-10 y Quantified the intracellular glutathione redox couple (GSH/GSSG) in resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells Both glutathione and cysteine redox ratios were decreased in autistic compared to control children serum albumin Vojdani et al. [91] ASD 50 Controls 50 3-14 y Measured IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies against CD26, CD69, streptokinase, gliadin and casein peptides and against mercury bound to human serum albumin in autism TM binds to lymphocyte receptors and/or tissue enzymes, resulting in autoimmune reaction in children with autism Blood RNA, Gene Expression Stamova et al. [92] Neurotox Res ASD 33 Controls 51 2-5 y Correlations between gene expression and mercury levels in blood of boys with and without autism Findings suggest different genetic transcriptional programs
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