Table S1 Vehicle characteristics and depreciation. Energy Engine Engine Residual Fuel CO2 Max Market consumption size size value Model Powertrain consumption emission power Fuel type segment (kWh/ (kW, (cm3, after 4 (l/ 100km) (g/km) (kW) 100km) electric) ICE) years Volkswagen BEV A 11.7 60 0 60 Electricity 22% e-up! Volkswagen ICE A 4.5 999 105 44 Petrol 34% up! Renault Zoe BEV B 14.6 65 0 65 Electricity 22% Renault ICE B 3.6 1461 95 55 Diesel 35% Clio dCi 75 BMW i3 BEV C 12.9 125 0 125 Electricity 42% BMW Series 1, ICE C 4.1 1496 107 85 Diesel 38% 116d Nissan Leaf BEV C 15 80 0 80 Electricity 27% Honda Civic 1.6 ICE C 3.6 1597 94 88 Diesel 36% Toyota Prius PHEV C 2.1 5.2 60 1798 49 100 Petrol/electricity 42% Hybrid Toyota Auris 1.4 ICE C 4.2 1364 105 66 Diesel 38% D-4D Volvo V60 Plug-in PHEV D 1.8 13.3 50 2400 48 158 Diesel/electricity 35% Hybrid Volvo V60 ICE D 3.8 1969 101 88 Diesel 42% D2 Tesla BEV S 18.1 310 0 285 Electricity 49% Model S Audi A7 3.0 ICE E 4.8 2967 124 160 Diesel 42% TDI ultra Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV J 1.9 13.4 60 1998 44 149 Petrol/electricity 35% Plug-in Hybrid Mitsubishi Outlander ICE J 5.3 2268 139 110 Diesel 45% 2.2 DI-D 4 WD
Table S1 Vehicle characteristics and depreciation. Model Powertrain Market segment Fuel consumption (l/ 100km) Energy consumption (kWh/ 100km) Engine size (kW, electric) Engine size (cm3, ICE) CO2 emission (g/km) Max power (kW) Fuel type Residual value after 4 years Volkswagen e-up! BEV A 11.7 60 0 60 Electricity 22% Volkswagen up! ICE A 4.5 999 105 44 Petrol 34% Renault Zoe BEV B 14.6 65 0 65 Electricity 22% Renault Clio dCi 75 ICE B 3.6 1461 95 55 Diesel 35% BMW i3 BEV C 12.9 125 0 125 Electricity 42% BMW Series 1, 116d ICE C 4.1 1496 107 85 Diesel 38% Nissan Leaf BEV C 15 80 0 80 Electricity 27% Honda Civic 1.6 ICE C 3.6 1597 94 88 Diesel 36% Toyota Prius Hybrid PHEV C 2.1 5.2 60 1798 49 100 Petrol/electricity 42% Toyota Auris 1.4 D-4D ICE C 4.2 1364 105 66 Diesel 38% Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid PHEV D 1.8 13.3 50 2400 48 158 Diesel/electricity 35% Volvo V60 D2 ICE D 3.8 1969 101 88 Diesel 42% Tesla Model S BEV S 18.1 310 0 285 Electricity 49% Audi A7 3.0 TDI ultra ICE E 4.8 2967 124 160 Diesel 42% Mitsubishi Outlander Plug-in Hybrid PHEV J 1.9 13.4 60 1998 44 149 Petrol/electricity 35% Mitsubishi Outlander 2.2 DI-D 4 WD ICE J 5.3 2268 139 110 Diesel 45%
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