Whitman et al., NSO rates in 95 No specific No specific Central line Secondary No significant Medication errors 4b 2002 patient care units intervention - comparator analysis of relationships between across 10 adult calculated NHPPD infections, pressure prospective staffing and any outcome acute care ulcers, falls, observational for non-cardiac ICUs. hospitals in the medication errors, data Significant relationship US. Included 15 restraint application between staffing and cardiac ICUs and duration medication error in 7 non-cardiac cardiac ICUs (r = -.55), all ICUs other relationships in cardiac ICUs Levels of evidence: Joanna Briggs Institute. (2013). New JBI levels of evidence. Adelaide, SA, Joanna Briggs Institute. Retrieved from http://joannabriggs.org/assets/docs/approach/JBI-Levels-of-evidence_2014.pdf
Whitman et al., 2002 NSO rates in 95 patient care units across 10 adult acute care hospitals in the US. Included 15 cardiac ICUs and 7 non-cardiac ICUs No specific intervention - calculated NHPPD No specific comparator Central line infections, pressure ulcers, falls, medication errors, restraint application duration Secondary analysis of prospective observational data No significant relationships between staffing and any outcome for non-cardiac ICUs. Significant relationship between staffing and medication error in cardiac ICUs (r = -.55), all other relationships in cardiac ICUs Medication errors 4b Levels of evidence: Joanna Briggs Institute. (2013). New JBI levels of evidence. Adelaide, SA, Joanna Briggs Institute. Retrieved from http://joannabriggs.org/assets/docs/approach/JBI-Levels-of-evidence_2014.pdf
1-s2.0-S1322769617300227-mmc1.docx