Connections between ideas, processes or Connections between some ideas, processes or Connections between an expanded range ideas, Connections between an extensive range ideas, events are explicit and clear. events are implicit or subtle processes or events are deeper and often implicit processes or events are deep, intricate and often or subtle. implicit or subtle. One text type is evident Includes different text types Includes different text of varying complexity Includes sustained complex text types and/or specialized, hybrid text types Mainly simple sentences Simple and compound sentences with some Many complex sentences with increased Mainly complex sentences, often containing multiple more complex constructions subordinate phrases and clauses or transition concepts words Simple language style, sometimes with Increased objective style and passive Objective/passive style with higher conceptual Specialized disciplinary style with dense conceptual narrative elements constructions with higher factual content content and increasing nominalization content and high nominalization Features Language Vocabulary is mostly familiar Vocabulary includes some unfamiliar, Includes much academic vocabulary and some Includes extensive academic and domain specific words domain specific (content) vocabulary (content) vocabulary General topic is familiar, with details known General topic is familiar, with some details new General topic is somewhat familiar but with many General topic is mostly unfamiliar with most details by reader to reader details unknown to reader unknown to reader Simple, concrete Both simple and more complicated, abstract A range of recognizable ideas and challenging Many new ideas and/or complex, challenging, abstract ideas abstract concepts and theoretical concepts Demands Knowledge Informational
Connections between ideas, processes or events are explicit and clear. Connections between some ideas, processes or events are implicit or subtle Connections between an expanded range ideas, processes or events are deeper and often implicit or subtle. Connections between an extensive range ideas, processes or events are deep, intricate and often implicit or subtle. One text type is evident Includes different text types Includes different text of varying complexity Includes sustained complex text types and/or specialized, hybrid text types Language Features Mainly simple sentences Simple and compound sentences with some more complex constructions Many complex sentences with increased subordinate phrases and clauses or transition words Mainly complex sentences, often containing multiple concepts Simple language style, sometimes with narrative elements Increased objective style and passive constructions with higher factual content Objective/passive style with higher conceptual content and increasing nominalization Specialized disciplinary style with dense conceptual content and high nominalization Vocabulary is mostly familiar Vocabulary includes some unfamiliar, words Includes much academic vocabulary and some domain specific (content) vocabulary Includes extensive academic and domain specific (content) vocabulary Knowledge Demands Informational General topic is familiar, with details known by reader General topic is familiar, with some details new to reader General topic is somewhat familiar but with many details unknown to reader General topic is mostly unfamiliar with most details unknown to reader Simple, concrete Both simple and more complicated, abstract ideas A range of recognizable ideas and challenging abstract concepts Many new ideas and/or complex, challenging, abstract and theoretical concepts
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