Vocabulary amino acids genetic code Okazaki fragments anticodon helicase protein base-pairing hydrogen bonding replication fork cell differentiation inducible repressor coding strand introns RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA) codon lagging strand start codon/stop codon DNA leading strand template strand DNA ligase micro RNA (miRNA) transcription DNA polymerase mutation transcription factors DNA replication nucleic acids translation exons nucleotides Thinking Questions Compare the two DNA sequences shown below. Transcribe them into mRNA and translate them into an amino acid sequence. GTG CAC CTC ACT CCA GAG GAG (Normal Hemoglobin) mRNA CAG GUG GAG UGA GGU CUC CUC amino acids his-val-glu-stop-gly-leu-leu GTG CAC CTC ACT CCA GTG GAG (Sickle Cell Hemoglobin) mRNA CAC GUG GAG UGA GGU CAC CUC amino acids his-val-glu-stop-gly-his-leu Circle any differences there are in the DNA, RNA and amino acid sequences that might exist between these two sequences. underlined leu becomes his (amino acid sequence only) Identify the type of mutation that is represented AND EXPLAIN, IN DETAIL, what effect this would have on the protein/pigment (be sure to mention the types of functional groups on the amino acids and how this would affect shape of the molecule). substitution=different amino acids, different protein because different amino acids has a different R group involved in tertiary structure that may cause the protein to fold into a different shape changing or disrupting the proteins function. In prokaryotic cells, translation begins before transcription is finished. Give two reasons why this would not be possible in eukaryotic cells.
Vocabulary amino acids anticodon base-pairing cell differentiation coding strand codon DNA DNA ligase DNA polymerase DNA replication exons genetic code helicase hydrogen bonding inducible introns lagging strand leading strand micro RNA (miRNA) mutation nucleic acids nucleotides Okazaki fragments protein replication fork repressor RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA) start codon/stop codon template strand transcription transcription factors translation Thinking Questions Compare the two DNA sequences shown below. Transcribe them into mRNA and translate them into an amino acid sequence. GTG CAC CTC ACT CCA GAG GAG (Normal Hemoglobin) mRNA CAG GUG GAG UGA GGU CUC CUC amino acids his-val-glu-stop-gly-leu-leu GTG CAC CTC ACT CCA GTG GAG (Sickle Cell Hemoglobin) mRNA CAC GUG GAG UGA GGU CAC CUC amino acids his-val-glu-stop-gly-his-leu Circle any differences there are in the DNA, RNA and amino acid sequences that might exist between these two sequences. underlined leu becomes his (amino acid sequence only) Identify the type of mutation that is represented AND EXPLAIN, IN DETAIL, what effect this would have on the protein/pigment (be sure to mention the types of functional groups on the amino acids and how this would affect shape of the molecule). substitution=different amino acids, different protein because different amino acids has a different R group involved in tertiary structure that may cause the protein to fold into a different shape changing or disrupting the proteins function. In prokaryotic cells, translation begins before transcription is finished. Give two reasons why this would not be possible in eukaryotic cells.
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