Free standing Free standing pronouns: Dual and trial forms, where they exist, can be introduced pronouns: I later. – I yurrwek You Third person singular subjects (she, he, it) are generally – – You yurrwin He/she/it - not marked on the verb in Aboriginal Languages, ie, there – He/she/it yurruk is no suffix. This is sometimes shown as in grammar – –ø texts and in the example in column 2. Therefore, a tensed verb without a subject pronoun is understood to be third person singular (he/she/it). In Victoria, it is common for the free standing pronouns to be formed using a common base, such as yurrw- in the examples. Plural (pl) Bound pronouns: Bound pronouns: Background concepts: singular subjects subject We hit General: pronouns Dakangu There is an inclusive (speaker and addressee (I and you)) – words that Dak-a-ngu versus exclusive (speaker and another person but not the substitute for Hit-PRES-we addressee (I and he)) distinction in the first person nouns (we, pronouns that will be addressed later. (See 34.) you, they) You hit Subjects can be or pronouns. Dakangat Grammatical: Dak-a-ngat Use subject pronouns, possibly using only the inclusive Hit-PRES-you form where there is an inclusive/exclusive distinction. Notice that the free standing pronouns in column 2 are They hit formed using the base yurrw- in the examples. Dakanyaty Dak-a-nyaty Hit-PRES-they Free standing Free standing pronouns: pronouns: We – Yurrwangengurruk
Free standing pronouns: I – yurrwek You – yurrwin He/she/it – yurruk Free standing pronouns: I – You – He/she/it - Dual and trial forms, where they exist, can be introduced later. Third person singular subjects (she, he, it) are generally not marked on the verb in Aboriginal Languages, ie, there is no suffix. This is sometimes shown as –ø in grammar texts and in the example in column 2. Therefore, a tensed verb without a subject pronoun is understood to be third person singular (he/she/it). In Victoria, it is common for the free standing pronouns to be formed using a common base, such as yurrw- in the examples. Plural (pl) subject pronouns – words that substitute for nouns (we, you, they) Bound pronouns: We hit Dakangu Dak-a-ngu Hit-PRES-we You hit Dakangat Dak-a-ngat Hit-PRES-you They hit Dakanyaty Dak-a-nyaty Hit-PRES-they Free standing pronouns: We – Yurrwangengurruk Bound pronouns: Free standing pronouns: Background concepts: singular subjects General: There is an inclusive (speaker and addressee (I and you)) versus exclusive (speaker and another person but not the addressee (I and he)) distinction in the first person pronouns that will be addressed later. (See 34.) Subjects can be or pronouns. Grammatical: Use subject pronouns, possibly using only the inclusive form where there is an inclusive/exclusive distinction. Notice that the free standing pronouns in column 2 are formed using the base yurrw- in the examples.
A_quick_reference_guide_to_the_grammar_of_Victorian_Aboriginal_Languages_F-12.docx