To examine (a) Cross-sectional BMI and fat mass, Primary measurement Distance from home to Model 1 controlled for age, Cardiometabolic risk ↔ whether study of the final blood pressure, greenspace; National Plan fat mass percentage, and 2014, Spain distance from study measurements fasting plasma lipid for Aerial Orthophotography fitness according to age home to school taken in a cluster profile, insulin, 2007 Model 2 controlled for is a determinant randomized fitness, physical et controlled for age, of active to evaluate the activity and active al. 2014) commuting, fitness commuting to effectiveness of commuting to according to gender school (ACS), (b) leisure-time school (ACS) the relationship physical activity Model 3 adjusted for age and between on preventing cardiovascular fitness; for distance from childhood obesity the MetS index, adjusted for home to heavily (the MOVI age, cardiovascular fitness used facilities programme). and fat mass; for (school, Schoolchildren cardiovascular fitness spaces and aged 10-12 years adjusted for age and fat sports facilities) old. 49.37% male, mass and the weight average age 11 status and years. cardiometabolic (n = 956) risk categories and (c) whether ACS has a positive impact on schoolchildren’s health. Hartig 2003, To compare RCT A group of Systolic and diastolic Primary Green vs urban environment Participants randomly Systolic blood pressure ↘ USA in normotensive blood pressure, measurement, assigned to arm “restoration” Diastolic pressure natural and students mean emotional states Zuckerman’s ↓ (Hartig et al. field settings. age 20.8 years (SD Inventory of Personal 2003) 3.7), 50% female Reactions (ZIPERS) and 97% (n = 112)
2014, Spain et al. 2014) To examine (a) whether distance from home to school is a determinant of active commuting to school (ACS), (b) the relationship between distance from home to heavily used facilities (school, spaces and sports facilities) and the weight status and cardiometabolic risk categories and (c) whether ACS has a positive impact on schoolchildren’s health. study Cross-sectional study of the final measurements taken in a cluster randomized to evaluate the effectiveness of leisure-time physical activity on preventing childhood obesity (the MOVI programme). Schoolchildren aged 10-12 years old. 49.37% male, average age 11 years. (n = 956) BMI and fat mass, blood pressure, fasting plasma lipid profile, insulin, fitness, physical activity and active commuting to school (ACS) Primary measurement Distance from home to greenspace; National Plan for Aerial Orthophotography 2007 Model 1 controlled for age, fat mass percentage, and fitness according to age Model 2 controlled for controlled for age, commuting, fitness according to gender Model 3 adjusted for age and cardiovascular fitness; for the MetS index, adjusted for age, cardiovascular fitness and fat mass; for cardiovascular fitness adjusted for age and fat mass Cardiometabolic risk ↔ Hartig 2003, USA (Hartig et al. 2003) To compare “restoration” in natural and field settings. RCT A group of normotensive students mean age 20.8 years (SD 3.7), 50% female and 97% (n = 112) Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, emotional states Primary measurement, Zuckerman’s Inventory of Personal Reactions (ZIPERS) Green vs urban environment Participants randomly assigned to arm Systolic blood pressure ↘ Diastolic pressure ↓
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