(iv)breaking up previous autumn you 359. To minimise than crops sown in the compacted soil, and should aim to sow a and erosion before late autumn or spring. (v)establishing grass temporary cover or spring crops, If possible, cover or buffer strips in valleys, green manure catch establish temporary catch crops should be along contours or crop following harvest, green cover or leave sown in fields that would slopes, field edges or such as mustard, rye or the land in stubble or otherwise be bare over gateways, and vetch. Where it is not roughly cultivated over the autumn and winter. (b)in relation to practicable to establish winter. To be effective cover livestock— a cover or catch crop, 345. a spade to crops need to be ….Use (i)moving livestock you should leave the look for signs of established in each regularly, land in stubble or compaction, and to autumn. Winter green (ii)erecting fencing roughly cultivated over help make decisions cover is particular around inland winter, to minimise on appropriate important on one-year freshwaters or coastal and soil erosion. cultivations and the set-aside fields. waters, and need for soil loosening 299. The risk of losing (iii)wintering livestock Fencing watercourses or subsoiling. Look at nitrate from grassland on well-drained, level prevents livestock your land during and that is intensively fields. fouling the water, after rain to identify grazed is high, damaging the banks, areas of poor drainage especially if grazed with … and causing soil to and where run-off or cattle throughout the enter the water. erosion may be autumn. If the intensity occurring from fields or of grazing is reduced, Remove stock from the other parts of the farm particularly in the land when the soil is such as autumn, the amount of too wet. Allow the site roads and tracks. nitrate lost will be cut time to recover in the 346. Well drained and down. spring, cultivate and well structured soils Where possible, grazing as necessary, allow water to enter cattle should not have and when conditions more quickly and direct access to allow, to re-establish therefore reduce the watercourses. green cover. risk of run-off and erosion. 40. Fencing off surface waters prevents livestock fouling the
(iv)breaking up compacted soil, and (v)establishing grass buffer strips in valleys, along contours or slopes, field edges or gateways, and (b)in relation to livestock— (i)moving livestock regularly, (ii)erecting fencing around inland freshwaters or coastal waters, and (iii)wintering livestock on well-drained, level fields. … previous autumn you should aim to sow a temporary cover or green manure catch crop following harvest, such as mustard, rye or vetch. Where it is not practicable to establish a cover or catch crop, you should leave the land in stubble or roughly cultivated over winter, to minimise and soil erosion. Fencing watercourses prevents livestock fouling the water, damaging the banks, and causing soil to enter the water. Remove stock from the land when the soil is too wet. Allow the site time to recover in the spring, cultivate and as necessary, and when conditions allow, to re-establish green cover. 359. To minimise and erosion before spring crops, establish temporary green cover or leave the land in stubble or roughly cultivated over winter. 345. ….Use a spade to look for signs of compaction, and to help make decisions on appropriate cultivations and the need for soil loosening or subsoiling. Look at your land during and after rain to identify areas of poor drainage and where run-off or erosion may be occurring from fields or other parts of the farm such as roads and tracks. 346. Well drained and well structured soils allow water to enter more quickly and therefore reduce the risk of run-off and erosion. 40. Fencing off surface waters prevents livestock fouling the than crops sown in the late autumn or spring. If possible, cover or catch crops should be sown in fields that would otherwise be bare over the autumn and winter. To be effective cover crops need to be established in each autumn. Winter green cover is particular important on one-year set-aside fields. 299. The risk of losing nitrate from grassland that is intensively grazed is high, especially if grazed with cattle throughout the autumn. If the intensity of grazing is reduced, particularly in the autumn, the amount of nitrate lost will be cut down. Where possible, grazing cattle should not have direct access to watercourses.
Appendix-1-STC-EFRA-submission-10-2018.docx