Blood, Albizzati et al. ASD 17 Metals in blood, No difference was urine and [65] Neuropsychiatric urine and hair between hair Przegl Epidemiol disorders 17 samples from children with autism children with autism and children with 6-16 y and children with neuropsychiatric neuropsychiatric disorders, disorders, unspecified unspecified Urine Wright et al. [66] ASD 56 Urinary mercury No statistically PloS One Siblings 42 levels between significant Controls 121 children with ASD differences were Delayed 34 and controls- normal found between and with learning children with ASD 5-16 y disabilities and controls ASD= autism spectrum disorders; y= years of age Table 7. Studies that Show that Mercury Body Burden Biomarkers Correlate with ASD Severity Biomarker Authors and N Purpose of Findings Journal Study Age Heme Synthesis Nataf et al. ASD 106 Examined urinary The atypical molecule Pathway Metabolite [71] Controls porphyrin levels precoproporphyrin, a (precoproporphyrin) Toxicol 163 in children with specific indicator of Applied heavy metal toxicity, was Pharmacol 2-15 y disorders also elevated in autistic disorder but not significantly in Asperger's Heme Synthesis Geier & ASD 37 Examined urinary An apparent Pathway Metabolite Geier [72] porphyrin pattern response effect was (coproporphyrins) Neurotox 7-22 y indicative of observed between autism Res mercury toxicity
Blood, urine and hair Albizzati et al. [65] Przegl Epidemiol ASD 17 Neuropsychiatric disorders 17 6-16 y Metals in blood, urine and hair samples from children with autism and children with neuropsychiatric disorders, unspecified No difference was between children with autism and children with neuropsychiatric disorders, unspecified Urine Wright et al. [66] PloS One ASD 56 Siblings 42 Controls 121 Delayed 34 5-16 y Urinary mercury levels between children with ASD and controls- normal and with learning disabilities No statistically significant differences were found between children with ASD and controls ASD= autism spectrum disorders; y= years of age Table 7. Studies that Show that Mercury Body Burden Biomarkers Correlate with ASD Severity Biomarker Authors and Journal N Age Purpose of Study Findings Heme Synthesis Pathway Metabolite (precoproporphyrin) Nataf et al. [71] Toxicol Applied Pharmacol ASD 106 Controls 163 2-15 y Examined urinary porphyrin levels in children with disorders The atypical molecule precoproporphyrin, a specific indicator of heavy metal toxicity, was also elevated in autistic disorder but not significantly in Asperger's Heme Synthesis Pathway Metabolite (coproporphyrins) Geier & Geier [72] Neurotox Res ASD 37 7-22 y Examined urinary porphyrin pattern indicative of mercury toxicity An apparent effect was observed between autism response
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