biomedical cohort Park 2007, To examine the RCT Healthy male Salivary cortisol and Primary Forest Matching of participants Cerebral activity ↓ Japan physiological students, mean cerebral activity, measurement, Salivary cortisol effects of shinrin age 22.8 years sensory evaluation bespoke self-reported ↓ (Park et al. yoku sensory evaluation 2007) (n = 12) Park 2009, To examine the RCT Male university BP, HR, HRV Primary measurement Forest Matching of participants Blood pressure ↓ Japan physiological students, mean Heart rate effects of forest age 21.8 ↓ (Park et al. recreation on Heart rate variability 2009) (n = 12) ↓ autonomic nervous activity. Park 2010, To review 12 healthy male Salivary cortisol, BP, Primary measurement Forest Matching of participants Blood pressure ↓ previous study university HR, HRV Heart rate research on students in 24 ↓ (Park et al. Shinrin yoku and areas between Heart rate variability 2010) ↓ present new 2005-6, 280 results to clarify students in total. Salivary cortisol↓ physiological Mean age 21.7 effects. years. Sympathetic nervous activity ↓ (n = 280) Parasympathetic nervous activity ↑ Pasanen To investigate National survey Perceived general Bespoke Outdoor Recreation Demand Adjusted for covariates Self-reported health ↑ 2014, the relationship survey data from Finland. health, emotional questionnaire Inventory Finnish Sleep quality Finland between 55.6% female, well-being and sleep Forest Research Institute ↗ perceived health mean age 45.2 quality (Pasanen et and physical years (range al. 2014) activity indoors, years) outdoors in built (n = 2,070) environments and outdoors in nature
biomedical cohort Park 2007, Japan (Park et al. 2007) To examine the physiological effects of shinrin yoku RCT Healthy male students, mean age 22.8 years (n = 12) Salivary cortisol and cerebral activity, sensory evaluation Primary measurement, bespoke self-reported sensory evaluation Forest Matching of participants Cerebral activity ↓ Salivary cortisol ↓ Park 2009, Japan (Park et al. 2009) To examine the physiological effects of forest recreation on autonomic nervous activity. RCT Male university students, mean age 21.8 (n = 12) BP, HR, HRV Primary measurement Forest Matching of participants Blood pressure ↓ Heart rate ↓ Heart rate variability ↓ Park 2010, (Park et al. 2010) To review previous research on Shinrin yoku and present new results to clarify physiological effects. study 12 healthy male university students in 24 areas between 2005-6, 280 students in total. Mean age 21.7 years. (n = 280) Salivary cortisol, BP, HR, HRV Primary measurement Forest Matching of participants Blood pressure ↓ Heart rate ↓ Heart rate variability ↓ Salivary cortisol↓ Sympathetic nervous activity ↓ Parasympathetic nervous activity ↑ Pasanen 2014, Finland (Pasanen et al. 2014) To investigate the relationship between perceived health and physical activity indoors, outdoors in built environments and outdoors in nature survey National survey data from Finland. 55.6% female, mean age 45.2 years (range years) (n = 2,070) Perceived general health, emotional well-being and sleep quality Bespoke questionnaire Outdoor Recreation Demand Inventory Finnish Forest Research Institute Adjusted for covariates Self-reported health ↑ Sleep quality ↗
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