deprived Manchester: neighbourhoods Rochdale and Oldham) (n = 523) Ruokolainen To test the Cohort Four cohorts of Serum IgE specific to Primary Percentage neighbourhood Adjusted for potential Atopic sensitisation children ↓ 2015, diversity study children and inhallant allergens, measurement, greenspace; Coordination of confounding factors Estonia and hypothesis by adolescents proteobacteria on DIABIMMUNE, LUKAS, Information on the Finland analysing the years the skin of healthy KARA datasets Environment (CORINE) relationship individuals. (Ruokolainen (n = 1,044) between land Prevalence of atopic et al. 2015) use around the sensitisation in home and atopic children and sensitisation in adolescents aged children 0.5-20 years Sbihi 2015, To investigate Cohort All 1999-2002 Asthma diagnosis Physician billing and Residential surrounding Sex and age matched to 5 Asthma ↓ Canada the effect of study single births in the hospital discharge greenness; Normalised randomly chosen controls; early-life metropolitan area records Difference Vegetation Index models adjusted for (Sbihi et al. exposure to of Vancouver, (NDVI) covariates including 2015) surrounding British Columbia month/year of birth, sex, residential first nation status, as well as (n = <65,000 greenness on maternal parity, age, children) asthma smoking during pregnancy incidence and initiation of breastfeeding and assigned socioeconomic indicators Skarkova To assess the Representative Asthma prevalence National Institute of Land cover data; Adjusted regression Asthma prevalence: 2015, Czech impact of the sample of children Public Health (NIPH) Fundamental Base of coefficients calculated with presence of natural forests Republic environment on study aged 5, 9, 13 and questionnaire survey Geographic Data (ZABAGED) ↓ asthma 17 from the Czech administered by the Czech with agricultural land use (Skarková et ↑ prevalence Republic Office for Surveying, al. 2015) Mapping and Cadastre (n = 13,456)
deprived neighbourhoods Manchester: Rochdale and Oldham) (n = 523) Ruokolainen 2015, Estonia and Finland (Ruokolainen et al. 2015) To test the diversity hypothesis by analysing the relationship between land use around the home and atopic sensitisation in children Cohort study Four cohorts of children and adolescents years (n = 1,044) Serum IgE specific to inhallant allergens, proteobacteria on the skin of healthy individuals. Prevalence of atopic sensitisation in children and adolescents aged 0.5-20 years Primary measurement, DIABIMMUNE, LUKAS, KARA datasets Percentage neighbourhood greenspace; Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) Adjusted for potential confounding factors Atopic sensitisation ↓ children Sbihi 2015, Canada (Sbihi et al. 2015) To investigate the effect of early-life exposure to surrounding residential greenness on asthma incidence Cohort study All 1999-2002 single births in the metropolitan area of Vancouver, British Columbia (n = <65,000 children) Asthma diagnosis Physician billing and hospital discharge records Residential surrounding greenness; Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Sex and age matched to 5 randomly chosen controls; models adjusted for covariates including month/year of birth, sex, first nation status, as well as maternal parity, age, smoking during pregnancy and initiation of breastfeeding and assigned socioeconomic indicators Asthma ↓ Skarkova 2015, Czech Republic (Skarková et al. 2015) To assess the impact of the environment on asthma prevalence study Representative sample of children aged 5, 9, 13 and 17 from the Czech Republic (n = 13,456) Asthma prevalence National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) questionnaire survey Land cover data; Fundamental Base of Geographic Data (ZABAGED) administered by the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre Adjusted regression coefficients calculated Asthma prevalence: ↓ with presence of natural forests ↑ with agricultural land use
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