roommates; and binge drinking imperils drinkers and those surrounding them. Undergraduates face risks to their psychological health. College students reported more distress than the general population or their peers not enrolled in college. First-year students suffer the most in terms of physical and emotional well-being. Increased education has long-term health benefits. VI. Making Healthy Changes A. Understanding Health Behaviour 1. To make lasting beneficial changes, it helps to understand the three types of influences that shape behaviour: predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. 2. Predisposing Factors a. Predisposing factors include knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, and perceptions. b. People are most likely to change health behaviour if they hold three beliefs: Susceptibility—They acknowledge they are at risk for the negative consequences of behaviour. Severity—They believe they may pay a high if they don’t make a change. Benefits—They believe the proposed change will be an advantage to health. c. The value or importance we give to health also plays a major role in changing behaviour. 3. Enabling Factors a. Enabling factors include skills, resources, accessible facilities, and physical and mental capacities. 4. Reinforcing Factors a. Reinforcing factors may include praise from family and friends, rewards from teachers or parents, or encouragement and recognition for meeting a goal, but lasting change depends on an internal commitment and sense of achievement. B. Decision-Making The entire process of maintaining or restoring health depends on your decisions; it cannot start or continue without them. If you think of decision-making as a process, you can break down even the most difficult choices into manageable steps, which include setting priorities, informing yourself, considering all your options, tuning into your intuitive feelings, and considering a scenario. “worst-case” C. The Health Belief 1. Use this model to explain and predict health behaviours by focusing on attitudes and beliefs. 2. According to this model, people will take a health-related action based on the following factors: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy. This has been used over the years to help people change unhealthy behaviours
roommates; and binge drinking imperils drinkers and those surrounding them. Undergraduates face risks to their psychological health. College students reported more distress than the general population or their peers not enrolled in college. First-year students suffer the most in terms of physical and emotional well-being. Increased education has long-term health benefits. VI. Making Healthy Changes A. Understanding Health Behaviour 1. To make lasting beneficial changes, it helps to understand the three types of influences that shape behaviour: predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. 2. Predisposing Factors a. Predisposing factors include knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, and perceptions. b. People are most likely to change health behaviour if they hold three beliefs: Susceptibility—They acknowledge they are at risk for the negative consequences of behaviour. Severity—They believe they may pay a high if they don’t make a change. Benefits—They believe the proposed change will be an advantage to health. c. The value or importance we give to health also plays a major role in changing behaviour. 3. Enabling Factors a. Enabling factors include skills, resources, accessible facilities, and physical and mental capacities. 4. Reinforcing Factors a. Reinforcing factors may include praise from family and friends, rewards from teachers or parents, or encouragement and recognition for meeting a goal, but lasting change depends on an internal commitment and sense of achievement. B. Decision-Making The entire process of maintaining or restoring health depends on your decisions; it cannot start or continue without them. If you think of decision-making as a process, you can break down even the most difficult choices into manageable steps, which include setting priorities, informing yourself, considering all your options, tuning into your intuitive feelings, and considering a “worst-case” scenario. C. The Health Belief 1. Use this model to explain and predict health behaviours by focusing on attitudes and beliefs. 2. According to this model, people will take a health-related action based on the following factors: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy. This has been used over the years to help people change unhealthy behaviours
An-Invitation-To-Health-3rd-Edition-Solution.docx