5.2.2.2 In chemical equations, the Include appropriate state 0.5 three states of matter are symbols in chemical shown as (s), (l) and (g), with equations for the reactions in (aq) for aqueous solutions. this specification. 5.2.2.3 Ionic compounds have Knowledge of the structures 1 Write up the results from the Use sodium chloride, copper Video clip regular structures (giant ionic of specific ionic compounds circus of experiments. (II) sulfate and potassium YouTube: lattices) in which there are other than sodium chloride is chloride. strong electrostatic forces of not required. Students should describe how attraction in all directions the ions lead to the behaviours Examine the crystalline of between oppositely charged of each of the materials. structure under a ions. microscope. compounds have high Test the conductivity of the melting points and high solid ionic compounds. boiling points because of the large amounts of energy Use flame tests to determine needed to break the many the colours of the strong bonds. compounds. When melted or dissolved in Test the solubility by timing water, ionic compounds how long it takes each to conduct electricity because dissolve. the ions are free to move and so charge can flow Test the conductivity of the ionic compounds in solution. 5.2.2.4 Substances that consist of Use the idea that 1 Describe the properties of small Give students the size, Video clip small molecules are usually intermolecular forces are molecules. structure, boiling and melting YouTube: gases or liquids that have weak compared with covalent points of ethanol, relatively low melting points bonds to explain the bulk Describe how soluble salt and acetone, and hexane. and boiling points. properties of molecular salicylic acid are in the different substances. liquids. Test solubility of NaCl in These substances have only water, ethanol, acetone, and weak forces between the hexane.
5.2.2.2 In chemical equations, the three states of matter are shown as (s), (l) and (g), with (aq) for aqueous solutions. Include appropriate state symbols in chemical equations for the reactions in this specification. 0.5 5.2.2.3 Ionic compounds have regular structures (giant ionic lattices) in which there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions between oppositely charged ions. compounds have high melting points and high boiling points because of the large amounts of energy needed to break the many strong bonds. When melted or dissolved in water, ionic compounds conduct electricity because the ions are free to move and so charge can flow Knowledge of the structures of specific ionic compounds other than sodium chloride is not required. 1 Write up the results from the circus of experiments. Students should describe how the ions lead to the behaviours of each of the materials. Use sodium chloride, copper (II) sulfate and potassium chloride. Examine the crystalline of structure under a microscope. Test the conductivity of the solid ionic compounds. Use flame tests to determine the colours of the compounds. Test the solubility by timing how long it takes each to dissolve. Test the conductivity of the ionic compounds in solution. Video clip YouTube: 5.2.2.4 Substances that consist of small molecules are usually gases or liquids that have relatively low melting points and boiling points. These substances have only weak forces between the Use the idea that intermolecular forces are weak compared with covalent bonds to explain the bulk properties of molecular substances. 1 Describe the properties of small molecules. Describe how soluble salt and salicylic acid are in the different liquids. Give students the size, structure, boiling and melting points of ethanol, acetone, and hexane. Test solubility of NaCl in water, ethanol, acetone, and hexane. Video clip YouTube:
AQA-8464F-SOW-BOND.DOCX