Energy converted from sun into chemical energy of ATP and NADPH to be used in building of sugar (Calvin Cycle) Light-independent reactions- Calvin Cycle carbon fixation occurs (carbons of CO2 used to make sugar) occurs in stroma of chloroplasts ATP and NADPH generated by light-dependent reactions are used to assemble glucose Anaerobic Fermentation No oxygen; cell only goes through glycolysis followed by fermentation Fermentation recycles NAD needed to restart glycolysis alcohol fermentation ex. cells- glucose ethyl alcohol + CO2+ NAD+ lactic acid fermentation ex. muscle cells- glucose lactic acid + NAD+ Fermentation does not make ATP but glycolysis does- 2ATP; very inefficient; sufficient for microorganisms Vocabulary absorption spectrum chloroplast NAD/NADH acetyl coA citric acid/Krebs cycle NADP/NADH anabolism electron transport chain oxidative phosphorylation anaerobic metabolism FAD/FADH2 photolysis ATP feedback inhibition photosynthesis ATP synthase fermentation photosystem I autotroph glycolysis photosystem II Calvin cycle dependent reactions pyruvate cellular respiration independent reactions stroma chemiosmosis metabolic pathway substrate-level phosphorylation chlorophyll mitochondrion thylakoid membrane Thinking Questions The figure below outlines the process of cellular respiration. Glucose and oxygen are both reactants in this process. Describe the journey of a single carbon atom from glucose in cellular respiration Glucose is made of 6 carbon atoms. In glycolysis, one of the carbon atoms is in the 3 carbon pyruvate. Then it is turned into the 2 carbon acetyl CoA during glycolysis. It combines with oxaloacetate to make a 4 carbon molecule and then is released as CO2 in the Krebs Cycle.
Energy converted from sun into chemical energy of ATP and NADPH to be used in building of sugar (Calvin Cycle) Light-independent reactions- Calvin Cycle carbon fixation occurs (carbons of CO2 used to make sugar) occurs in stroma of chloroplasts ATP and NADPH generated by light-dependent reactions are used to assemble glucose Anaerobic Fermentation No oxygen; cell only goes through glycolysis followed by fermentation Fermentation recycles NAD needed to restart glycolysis alcohol fermentation ex. cells- glucose ethyl alcohol + CO2+ NAD+ lactic acid fermentation ex. muscle cells- glucose lactic acid + NAD+ Fermentation does not make ATP but glycolysis does- 2ATP; very inefficient; sufficient for microorganisms Vocabulary absorption spectrum acetyl coA anabolism anaerobic metabolism ATP ATP synthase autotroph Calvin cycle cellular respiration chemiosmosis chlorophyll chloroplast citric acid/Krebs cycle electron transport chain FAD/FADH2 feedback inhibition fermentation glycolysis dependent reactions independent reactions metabolic pathway mitochondrion NAD/NADH NADP/NADH oxidative phosphorylation photolysis photosynthesis photosystem I photosystem II pyruvate stroma substrate-level phosphorylation thylakoid membrane Thinking Questions The figure below outlines the process of cellular respiration. Glucose and oxygen are both reactants in this process. Describe the journey of a single carbon atom from glucose in cellular respiration Glucose is made of 6 carbon atoms. In glycolysis, one of the carbon atoms is in the 3 carbon pyruvate. Then it is turned into the 2 carbon acetyl CoA during glycolysis. It combines with oxaloacetate to make a 4 carbon molecule and then is released as CO2 in the Krebs Cycle.
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