previous preterm birth and paternal smoking To examine the RCT Male and female rate, blood Primary Park vs environment Participants randomly Salivary cortisol ↓ 2016, effects of Kaunas city pressure, stress measurement, assigned to study arm pressure Lithuania restorative residents with levels, mood Positive and Negative ↓ walking in a park CAD, mean age Effect Schedule vs in an urban 62.3 ±12.6 years (PANAS) mood score et al. environment on evaluation 2016) (n = 20) coronary artery disease (CAD) patients stress parameters and cardiac function To determine 2020 Behavioural Self-reported trial 2010 Behavioural Risk greenspace; Adjusted for age, gender, Sleep quality ↑ whether Risk Factor insufficiency Surveillance System Normalised Difference marital status, race, Individuals reporting 7-13 days or 21-29 days 2015, USA exposure to study Surveillance (BRFSS) survey Vegetation Index, (NDVI) education, employment of insufficient sleep. attributes of the System (BRFSS), a status, number of children, natural yearly, physical activity, smoking, 7-13 days OR 0.995 (95% 0.988, 1.002) et environment randomised income level, asthma, al. 2015) (e.g. greenspace) telephone survey general health status, 21-29 days OR 0.991 (95% CI 0.986, 0.9996) attenuates the of behavioural emotional support, disability, likelihood of risk factors among BMI category and heavy Lower odds of exposure to natural amenities reporting US adults alcohol use were observed for individuals reporting 21-29 ≥18 insufficient sleep years of age. days of insufficient sleep among US 64.13% female. OR 0.843 (95% CI 0.747, 0.951) adults. Average age 56.6 years. (n = 255,171)
previous preterm birth and paternal smoking 2016, Lithuania et al. 2016) To examine the effects of restorative walking in a park vs in an urban environment on coronary artery disease (CAD) patients stress parameters and cardiac function RCT Male and female Kaunas city residents with CAD, mean age 62.3 ±12.6 years (n = 20) rate, blood pressure, stress levels, mood Primary measurement, Positive and Negative Effect Schedule (PANAS) mood score evaluation Park vs environment Participants randomly assigned to study arm Salivary cortisol ↓ pressure ↓ 2015, USA et al. 2015) To determine whether exposure to attributes of the natural environment (e.g. greenspace) attenuates the likelihood of reporting insufficient sleep among US adults. study 2020 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a yearly, randomised telephone survey of behavioural risk factors among US adults ≥18 years of age. 64.13% female. Average age 56.6 years. (n = 255,171) Self-reported insufficiency 2010 Behavioural Risk Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey greenspace; Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, (NDVI) Adjusted for age, gender, marital status, race, education, employment status, number of children, physical activity, smoking, income level, asthma, general health status, emotional support, disability, BMI category and heavy alcohol use Sleep quality ↑ Individuals reporting 7-13 days or 21-29 days of insufficient sleep. 7-13 days OR 0.995 (95% 0.988, 1.002) 21-29 days OR 0.991 (95% CI 0.986, 0.9996) Lower odds of exposure to natural amenities were observed for individuals reporting 21-29 days of insufficient sleep OR 0.843 (95% CI 0.747, 0.951) trial
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