Production based 2001 125 largest () Examines the paths by which impact factors with urbanized areas urban form influences an household survey in the U.S individual household’s carbon data dioxide emissions Household Budget 2005 Rural (, ) urban form–lifestyle relationships Survey data with municipalities, together with the resulting GHG Finnish-based semi-urban implications, municipalities, cities, and Helsinki metropolitan area (HMA) Australian 2009 85 districts () Investigation of the direct and Household covering major indirect primary energy Expenditure Survey urban centres requirements of Australian with (Perth, households, contrasting EIO-LCA Melbourne, suburban and rural consumption Adelaide, patterns as well as inter- and Sydney and levels of inequality in Brisbane) and energy requirements. the rest of Australia Input–output-based 2006 two () Calculate the consumption-based hybrid LCA metropolitan carbon footprints in metropolitan areas in areas, i.e. carbon consumption, Finland, with the emphasis on urban including 11 structures. cities Household - Four housing () Comparison of the energy demand consumption with types in and emissions of these different input-output-based Melbourne and housing types hybrid approach Brisbane a sample of 41 - Samples from () To determine whether the urban households survey central and density option of higher rise data with energy suburban dwellings offers a lower factors and Adelaide environmental impact than Australian-based conventional housing EIO-LCA Residential survey 2001 Toronto Census () To determine the impact of urban data with energy Metropolitan form on emission-causing factors Area activities Estimated sample 1997 a compact, () Assessment of energy use and data with United multistory greenhouse gas emissions States-based condominium associated with high and low and combined project located residential development. methods near the inner core of the City of Toronto; and a low-density residential subdivision located within Toronto’s suburban fring
Production based impact factors with household survey data 2001 125 largest urbanized areas in the U.S () Examines the paths by which urban form influences an individual household’s carbon dioxide emissions Household Budget Survey data with Finnish-based 2005 Rural municipalities, semi-urban municipalities, cities, and Helsinki metropolitan area (HMA) (, ) urban form–lifestyle relationships together with the resulting GHG implications, Australian Household Expenditure Survey with EIO-LCA 2009 85 districts covering major urban centres (Perth, Melbourne, Adelaide, Sydney and Brisbane) and the rest of Australia () Investigation of the direct and indirect primary energy requirements of Australian households, contrasting suburban and rural consumption patterns as well as inter- and levels of inequality in energy requirements. Input–output-based hybrid LCA 2006 two metropolitan areas in Finland, including 11 cities () Calculate the consumption-based carbon footprints in metropolitan areas, i.e. carbon consumption, with the emphasis on urban structures. Household consumption with input-output-based hybrid approach - Four housing types in Melbourne and Brisbane () Comparison of the energy demand and emissions of these different housing types a sample of 41 households survey data with energy factors and Australian-based EIO-LCA - Samples from central and suburban Adelaide () To determine whether the urban density option of higher rise dwellings offers a lower environmental impact than conventional housing Residential survey data with energy factors 2001 Toronto Census Metropolitan Area () To determine the impact of urban form on emission-causing activities Estimated sample data with United States-based and combined methods 1997 a compact, multistory condominium project located near the inner core of the City of Toronto; and a low-density residential subdivision located within Toronto’s suburban fring () Assessment of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with high and low residential development.
1-s2.0-S095965261732468X-mmc2.docx