To prepare an Equipment and apparatus goggles gloves ethanol glacial ethanoic acid concentrated sulphuric acid 10ml measuring cylinders two Quickfit round bottomed flasks, reflux condenser, stillhead, receiver adapter bosses and clamps; retort stands anti-bumping granules separating funnel heating mantle (or oil bath) 0-100oC thermometer conical flask, funnel and fluted filter paper anhydrous granular calcium chloride sodium carbonate solution Theory: Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) is an ester. The general method of ester preparation can be summarised as the reversible reaction: + alcohol ester + water’. Concentrated sulphuric ‘acid → acid is used to catalyse the reaction and to remove water from the right hand side of the equilibrium, increasing the yield of ester. CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O → Calcium chloride removes by forming a series of hydrates; it also reacts with alcohols to form similar compounds, and can thus remove unchanged ethanol in the crude ethyl ethanoate. The calcium chloride solution added first in step 6 reacts with excess ethanol, when the solid is added in step 7 it removes water. Safety: Wear goggles and a lab coat. Use gloves for handling organic reagents. Perform experiment in a fume cupboard if available. When concentrated sulphuric acid is mixed with ethanol considerable heat is evolved - add it slowly and carefully. Glacial ethanoic acid is an irritant and can cause burns. prepare risk assessment before starting any experiments. (P8) It is the responsibility of the learner to carry out and be responsible for their own safety risk assessment (and checked and agreed as appropriate by the Centre) before carrying out this experiment. Wear safety glasses at all times. Assume that all of the reagents and liquids are toxic, corrosive and flammable Method:
To prepare an Equipment and apparatus goggles gloves ethanol glacial ethanoic acid concentrated sulphuric acid 10ml measuring cylinders two Quickfit round bottomed flasks, reflux condenser, stillhead, receiver adapter bosses and clamps; retort stands anti-bumping granules separating funnel heating mantle (or oil bath) 0-100oC thermometer conical flask, funnel and fluted filter paper anhydrous granular calcium chloride sodium carbonate solution Theory: Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) is an ester. The general method of ester preparation can be summarised as the reversible reaction: ‘acid + alcohol → ester + water’. Concentrated sulphuric acid is used to catalyse the reaction and to remove water from the right hand side of the equilibrium, increasing the yield of ester. CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O Calcium chloride removes by forming a series of hydrates; it also reacts with alcohols to form similar compounds, and can thus remove unchanged ethanol in the crude ethyl ethanoate. The calcium chloride solution added first in step 6 reacts with excess ethanol, when the solid is added in step 7 it removes water. Safety: Wear goggles and a lab coat. Use gloves for handling organic reagents. Perform experiment in a fume cupboard if available. When concentrated sulphuric acid is mixed with ethanol considerable heat is evolved - add it slowly and carefully. Glacial ethanoic acid is an irritant and can cause burns. prepare risk assessment before starting any experiments. (P8) It is the responsibility of the learner to carry out and be responsible for their own safety risk assessment (and checked and agreed as appropriate by the Centre) before carrying out this experiment. Wear safety glasses at all times. Assume that all of the reagents and liquids are toxic, corrosive and flammable Method:
AQA-17756C-EX-OC2.DOCX