night shifts but partial thromboplastin didn't include this time as a nurse/patient ratio Shuldham et al., (n=23,192) Nursing hours per Higher/lower Pressure sores, Retrospective Significant association Sepsis 3e 2009 and paediatric patient day NHPPD patient falls, upper observational between sepsis and the (n=2,315) cardiac, (NHPPD) for gastrointestinal (GI) study of permanent nursing cardiothoracic, permanent and bleed, pneumonia, staff hours. IRR 0.985 and respiratory temporary sepsis, shock, deep (0.972 - 0.998) and IRR patients admitted nursing staff vein thrombosis 0.983 (0.972 - 0.995). No to critical care (hospital staff (DVT) other significant areas (intensive bank or agency associations. care and high nurses) at dependency ward/unit level units) of two NHS Trust hospitals in England et al., 2007 Adult patients No specific Compared the Central line Observational Units with higher staffing CLBSI, VAP, 30-day 4b (n=15,902) in 51 intervention - 2nd, 3rd and 4th associated study had lower incidence of mortality and PU ICUs in 31 measured RN quartiles to the bloodstream CLBSI (3rd quartile OR hospitals in the hours per patient 1st quartile infections, 0.32), VAP (4th quartile OR US. day from monthly ventilator-associated 0.21), 30-day mortality data and divided pneumonia, (3rd quartile OR 0.81) and these into catheter-associated PU (3rd quartile OR 0.69). quartiles urinary tract Other quartiles for these infections, 30-day outcomes and all quartiles mortality, pressure for CAUTI not significant ulcer
night shifts but didn't include this as a nurse/patient ratio partial thromboplastin time Shuldham et al., 2009 (n=23,192) and paediatric (n=2,315) cardiac, cardiothoracic, and respiratory patients admitted to critical care areas (intensive care and high dependency units) of two NHS Trust hospitals in England Nursing hours per patient day (NHPPD) for permanent and temporary nursing staff (hospital staff bank or agency nurses) at ward/unit level Higher/lower NHPPD Pressure sores, patient falls, upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleed, pneumonia, sepsis, shock, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Retrospective observational study Significant association between sepsis and the of permanent nursing staff hours. IRR 0.985 (0.972 - 0.998) and IRR 0.983 (0.972 - 0.995). No other significant associations. Sepsis 3e et al., 2007 Adult patients (n=15,902) in 51 ICUs in 31 hospitals in the US. No specific intervention - measured RN hours per patient day from monthly data and divided these into quartiles Compared the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles to the 1st quartile Central line associated bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, 30-day mortality, pressure ulcer Observational study Units with higher staffing had lower incidence of CLBSI (3rd quartile OR 0.32), VAP (4th quartile OR 0.21), 30-day mortality (3rd quartile OR 0.81) and PU (3rd quartile OR 0.69). Other quartiles for these outcomes and all quartiles for CAUTI not significant CLBSI, VAP, 30-day mortality and PU 4b
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