Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Despite censorship, increasingly numerous and varied printed materials served a growing literate public and led to the development of opinion”. “public Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Natural sciences, literature, and popular culture increasingly exposed Europeans to representations of peoples outside of Europe. Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 III. New political and economic theories Political theories, such as John conceived of society as composed of individuals challenged absolutism and mercantilism. driven by self-interest and argued that the state originated in the consent of the governed (i.e., a social contract) rather than in divine right or tradition. Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Mercantilist theory and practice were challenged by new economic ideas, such as Adam Smith’s, espousing free trade and a free market. Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 IV. During the Enlightenment, the rational Intellectuals, including Voltaire and Diderot, developed new philosophies of deism, analysis of religious practices led to natural skepticism, and atheism. religion and the demand for religious Example 1 toleration. Example 2 Example 3
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Despite censorship, increasingly numerous and varied printed materials served a growing literate public and led to the development of “public opinion”. Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Natural sciences, literature, and popular culture increasingly exposed Europeans to representations of peoples outside of Europe. Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 III. New political and economic theories challenged absolutism and mercantilism. Political theories, such as John conceived of society as composed of individuals driven by self-interest and argued that the state originated in the consent of the governed (i.e., a social contract) rather than in divine right or tradition. Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Mercantilist theory and practice were challenged by new economic ideas, such as Adam Smith’s, espousing free trade and a free market. Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 IV. During the Enlightenment, the rational analysis of religious practices led to natural religion and the demand for religious toleration. Intellectuals, including Voltaire and Diderot, developed new philosophies of deism, skepticism, and atheism. Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
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