and manipulating the fledgling and unpopular democracies in their countries. Franco’s alliance with Italian and German fascists in the Spanish Civil War in which the Western — democracies did not intervene represented a testing — ground for World War II and resulted in authoritarian rule in Spain from 1936 to the mid-1970s. After failures to establish functioning democracies, authoritarian dictatorships took power in Central and Eastern Europe during the interwar period. Examples include: The Great Depression, caused by weaknesses in international trade and monetary theories and practices, undermined Western European democracies and fomented radical political responses throughout Europe. World War I debt, nationalistic tariff policies, overproduction, depreciated currencies, disrupted trade patterns, and speculation created weaknesses in economies worldwide. Dependence on post–World War I American investment capital led to financial collapse when, following the 1929 stock market crash, the United States cut off capital flows to Europe. Despite attempts to rethink economic theories and policies and forge political alliances, Western democracies failed to overcome the Great Depression and were weakened by extremist movements.
and manipulating the fledgling and unpopular democracies in their countries. Franco’s alliance with Italian and German fascists in the Spanish Civil War — in which the Western democracies did not intervene — represented a testing ground for World War II and resulted in authoritarian rule in Spain from 1936 to the mid-1970s. After failures to establish functioning democracies, authoritarian dictatorships took power in Central and Eastern Europe during the interwar period. Examples include: The Great Depression, caused by weaknesses in international trade and monetary theories and practices, undermined Western European democracies and fomented radical political responses throughout Europe. World War I debt, nationalistic tariff policies, overproduction, depreciated currencies, disrupted trade patterns, and speculation created weaknesses in economies worldwide. Dependence on post–World War I American investment capital led to financial collapse when, following the 1929 stock market crash, the United States cut off capital flows to Europe. Despite attempts to rethink economic theories and policies and forge political alliances, Western democracies failed to overcome the Great Depression and were weakened by extremist movements.
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