Michelson interferometry measurement. These observations suggest that the standing wave within the cell does not arise from the substrate vibration. Supplementary Figure S6│Circular textures observed in a square cell with circular electrodes. We prepared a cell using two square glass substrates with a circular electrode (~ 5 cm diameter). When a pulse train signal was applied to the cell, the concentric ring textures were observed, although the structures were not as periodic as those observed in the cell with square electrodes. This observation clearly shows that the texture pattern is related to the boundary condition. Supplementary Figure S7│Determination of the handedness of concentric defects in a cell containing chiral dopant LCs. We prepared two cells containing R811 and S811 doped LCs, respectively. The director profile in each cell was analyzed the optical transmittance observation and the optical compensator method from oblique directions. The red and green dots represent the clockwise and
Michelson interferometry measurement. These observations suggest that the standing wave within the cell does not arise from the substrate vibration. Supplementary Figure S6│Circular textures observed in a square cell with circular electrodes. We prepared a cell using two square glass substrates with a circular electrode (~ 5 cm diameter). When a pulse train signal was applied to the cell, the concentric ring textures were observed, although the structures were not as periodic as those observed in the cell with square electrodes. This observation clearly shows that the texture pattern is related to the boundary condition. Supplementary Figure S7│Determination of the handedness of concentric defects in a cell containing chiral dopant LCs. We prepared two cells containing R811 and S811 doped LCs, respectively. The director profile in each cell was analyzed the optical transmittance observation and the optical compensator method from oblique directions. The red and green dots represent the clockwise and
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