Hoehner To examine the The Cooper Cardiorespiratory Primary measurement Neighbourhood greenspace Adjusted for age, sex, Cardiorespiratory fitness ↗ 2013, USA associations of Centre fitness in buffers surrounding education, race, marital trial study Longitudinal residential address. Dataset status, presence of children (Hoehner et environment 70.9% male. unspecified. in the home, cigarette al. 2013) features around smoking, BMI, and all other (n = 8,857) the home and built environment variables workplace with for the respective location of interest as well as weekly fitness (CRF) MET-minutes of physical on a activity treadmill test and BMI. Hu 2008, To examine if Ecological Stroke death Stroke mortality State mortality Self-reported frequency of Calculated standardized Stroke mortality ↓ USA there is count data at the rates records (Florida visits to greenspace, mortality rates 95% Credible set (-0.289, -0.031) association of study census tract level CHARTS) residential neighbourhood (Hu et al. stroke with air was obtained and work buffer; Landsat 7 2008) pollution, Enhanced Thematic Mapper (n = not specified) income and Plus (ETM+) greenness in northwest Florida Hystad 2014, To investigate Cohort All births between Birth weight, National birth registry Residential surrounding Analyses adjusted for month Birth weight ↑ USA associations study 1999-2002 in the preterm deliveries, greenness; Normalised and year of birth, infant sex, An interquartile increase in greenness (0.1 in between metropolitan area gestational age Difference Vegetation Index first nations status, parity, (Hystad et al. residential NDVI) associated with higher term residential of Vancouver (NDVI) maternal age, maternal 2014) weight: 20.6g (95% CI 16.5, 24.7) greenness and smoking during pregnancy as (n = 64,705) birth outcomes well as maternal education Small for gestational age 0.97 (0.94, ↓OR and evaluate the and income quintiles 1.00) influence of spatially Very preterm birth OR 0.91 (0.77, 1.07) ↓ correlated built environment Moderately preterm birth OR 0.95 90.91, ↓ factors on these 0.99) associations
Hoehner 2013, USA (Hoehner et al. 2013) To examine the associations of environment features around the home and workplace with fitness (CRF) on a treadmill test and BMI. study The Cooper Centre Longitudinal 70.9% male. (n = 8,857) Cardiorespiratory fitness Primary measurement Neighbourhood greenspace in buffers surrounding residential address. Dataset unspecified. Adjusted for age, sex, education, race, marital status, presence of children in the home, cigarette smoking, BMI, and all other built environment variables for the respective location of interest as well as weekly MET-minutes of physical activity Cardiorespiratory fitness ↗ Hu 2008, USA (Hu et al. 2008) To examine if there is association of stroke with air pollution, income and greenness in northwest Florida Ecological study Stroke death count data at the census tract level was obtained (n = not specified) Stroke mortality rates State mortality records (Florida CHARTS) Self-reported frequency of visits to greenspace, residential neighbourhood and work buffer; Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) Calculated standardized mortality rates Stroke mortality ↓ 95% Credible set (-0.289, -0.031) Hystad 2014, USA (Hystad et al. 2014) To investigate associations between residential greenness and birth outcomes and evaluate the influence of spatially correlated built environment factors on these associations Cohort study All births between 1999-2002 in the metropolitan area of Vancouver (n = 64,705) Birth weight, preterm deliveries, gestational age National birth registry Residential surrounding greenness; Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Analyses adjusted for month and year of birth, infant sex, first nations status, parity, maternal age, maternal smoking during pregnancy as well as maternal education and income quintiles Birth weight ↑ An interquartile increase in greenness (0.1 in residential NDVI) associated with higher term weight: 20.6g (95% CI 16.5, 24.7) Small for gestational age ↓OR 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) Very preterm birth ↓ OR 0.91 (0.77, 1.07) Moderately preterm birth ↓ OR 0.95 90.91, 0.99) trial
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