6.3.2.1 Internal energy of Energy is stored inside a 1 What effect does increasing the Model the behaviour of atoms a system. system by the particles temperature of an object have on within a solid as it is heated (atoms and molecules) that the atoms that make up the past its melting point. You make up the system. This is object? can use the tray of ping-pong called internal energy. balls or the kinetic theory Describe temperature a apparatus if available. Internal energy is the total measure of the average kinetic Critically analyse the model kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles in a and suggest improvements to energy of all the particles substance. it. (atoms and molecules) that Describe and explain how make up a system. Investigate the heating curve increasing the temperature of a for water by heating some ice Heating changes the energy substance affects the internal in a beaker until the water Heating and stored within the system by energy of a substance. evaporates. Use temperature temperature. increasing the energy of the sensors/data loggers to Define internal energy. particles that make up the record the temperature at system. And, either the Explain how the strength of the fixed intervals, eg 30 temperature of the system bonds between the particles will seconds. A graph can be increases, or changes of affect how much energy is plotted of temperature state happen. needed to change the state of against time. the substance. Evaluate data on the melting points and boiling points of different substances linked to the strength of the forces between the particles. Explain what is happening at each stage of the heating curve produced. 6.3.2.2 Specific heat If the temperature of the 1 Describe and explain how the Plan a practical to investigate capacity. system increases: the amount of water in a kettle the rate of heating of various increase in temperature affects how quickly it boils. metals using a joulemeter to depends on the mass of the
6.3.2.1 Internal energy of a system. Heating and temperature. Energy is stored inside a system by the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up the system. This is called internal energy. Internal energy is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up a system. Heating changes the energy stored within the system by increasing the energy of the particles that make up the system. And, either the temperature of the system increases, or changes of state happen. 1 What effect does increasing the temperature of an object have on the atoms that make up the object? Describe temperature a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Describe and explain how increasing the temperature of a substance affects the internal energy of a substance. Define internal energy. Explain how the strength of the bonds between the particles will affect how much energy is needed to change the state of the substance. Evaluate data on the melting points and boiling points of different substances linked to the strength of the forces between the particles. Explain what is happening at each stage of the heating curve produced. Model the behaviour of atoms within a solid as it is heated past its melting point. You can use the tray of ping-pong balls or the kinetic theory apparatus if available. Critically analyse the model and suggest improvements to it. Investigate the heating curve for water by heating some ice in a beaker until the water evaporates. Use temperature sensors/data loggers to record the temperature at fixed intervals, eg 30 seconds. A graph can be plotted of temperature against time. 6.3.2.2 Specific heat capacity. If the temperature of the system increases: the increase in temperature depends on the mass of the 1 Describe and explain how the amount of water in a kettle affects how quickly it boils. Plan a practical to investigate the rate of heating of various metals using a joulemeter to
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