as(independent For any independent continuant and any time there is some b t such that is located_in at [134-001] spatial region r b r t. Axiom: For any independent continuant and any time if is located_in at then there is b t, b r t some region that is continuant_part_of and such that is occupies_spatial_region at r r b r t. [135-001]] For all independent continuants and parthood implies location. a b, at(continuant_part_of)[Axiom: if continuant_part_of at and is an independent continuant, b c t b then is located_in at [047-002] ] b c t. and boundaries, too, may stand in the located_in relation, as for example when we say that 5th Avenue is located in New York, or that a portion of the Franco-German boundary is located in the Rhein valley. Problem cases for the located_in relation As pointed out in [52] there are problem cases for this account, in that, for example an insect located near the stem of a wine glass would be counted as located_in the wine glass; similarly crumbs placed in the hole of a donut would be counted as located_in the donut. Briefly, users of located_in should use an intuitive test to the effect that: if is not in the interior of but is rather in some hole or cavity attached to b c outer boundary, then located_in will obtain only if this hole is a fillable hole in the sense defined c’s b c by Casati and Varzi [52]. The cup-shaped hole in the wine glass is fillable in this sense; not however the concave spaces around the stem. Chaining rules a(located_in)[Axiom: for all independent continuants and if continuant_part_of at b, c, d: b c t & located_in at then located_in at [048-001]] c d t, b d t. for all independent continuants and if located_in at & b, c, d: b c t c continuant_part_of at then located_in at [049-001]] d t, b d t.
as(independent For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. [134-001] Axiom: For any independent continuant b and any time t, if b is located_in r at t then there is some region r that is continuant_part_of r and such that b is occupies_spatial_region r at t. [135-001]] For all independent continuants a and b, parthood implies location. at(continuant_part_of)[Axiom: if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. [047-002] ] and boundaries, too, may stand in the located_in relation, as for example when we say that 5th Avenue is located in New York, or that a portion of the Franco-German boundary is located in the Rhein valley. Problem cases for the located_in relation As pointed out in [52] there are problem cases for this account, in that, for example an insect located near the stem of a wine glass would be counted as located_in the wine glass; similarly crumbs placed in the hole of a donut would be counted as located_in the donut. Briefly, users of located_in should use an intuitive test to the effect that: if b is not in the interior of c but is rather in some hole or cavity attached to c’s outer boundary, then b located_in c will obtain only if this hole is a fillable hole in the sense defined by Casati and Varzi [52]. The cup-shaped hole in the wine glass is fillable in this sense; not however the concave spaces around the stem. Chaining rules a(located_in)[Axiom: for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. [048-001]] for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. [049-001]]
BFO2-Reference.docx