(Weimann et greenness on 48% male. Age OR 1.24 (95% CI 1.01, 1.52) al. 2015) general and range 18-80 mental health (n = 8,891) Weltin 2012, To investigate A Members of a levels Primary measurement Community garden Matching of participants ↓ USA whether a Midwest community parallel community of (Weltin and garden could designed immigrants from Lavin 2012) provide the Marshall improved study Islands. Mean age diabetes control 51 (range years), 52.9% male (n = 17) Wheeler To investigate 2001 census data Self-reported 2001 census data for % land area classified as Not specified Self-reported health ↑ 2012, UK whether rates of for England "good" health England greenspace in Lower-layer Quintile 3: Rural: 0.31 (95% CI 0.04, 0.57) good health ecological Super Output Areas (LSOA), (Wheeler et (n = 48,200,000) improve with study Generalised Land Use Quintile 4: 0.23 (95% CI 0.13, 0.33) al. 2012) proximity to the Database coast and Town/fringe: 0.49 (95% CI 0.19, 0.79) percentage green space Quintile 5: Rural 0.36 (95% CI 0.26, 0.47) Town/fringe: 0.69 (95% CI 0.39, 0.99) Rural: 0.59 (95% CI 0.30, 0.88) Wheeler To investigate Ecological 2011 UK census Age/sex 2011 census data for Greenspace per Regression analyses adjusted Self-reported health ↑ 2015, UK the relationship study data standardised Great Britain Super Output Areas (LSOA) for income, education and Significant positive associations observed between prevalence of both for England and Wales, and employment scores and (Wheeler et (n = 63,260,000) between good health prevalence and the different good and bad health Data Zones (DZs) for models also adjusted for al. 2015) density of several greenspace types: and qualities of Scotland; UK Land Cover urban/rural classification woodland’, and natural Map 2007 ‘broadleaf ‘arable horticulture’ and grassland’ as well environments on ‘improved as and after adjusting for health and ‘saltwater’ ‘coastal’ confounders.
(Weimann et al. 2015) greenness on general and mental health 48% male. Age range 18-80 (n = 8,891) OR 1.24 (95% CI 1.01, 1.52) Weltin 2012, USA (Weltin and Lavin 2012) To investigate whether a community garden could provide improved diabetes control A parallel designed study Members of a Midwest community of immigrants from the Marshall Islands. Mean age 51 (range years), 52.9% male (n = 17) levels Primary measurement Community garden Matching of participants ↓ Wheeler 2012, UK (Wheeler et al. 2012) To investigate whether rates of good health improve with proximity to the coast and percentage green space ecological study 2001 census data for England (n = 48,200,000) Self-reported "good" health 2001 census data for England % land area classified as greenspace in Lower-layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), Generalised Land Use Database Not specified Self-reported health ↑ Quintile 3: Rural: 0.31 (95% CI 0.04, 0.57) Quintile 4: 0.23 (95% CI 0.13, 0.33) Town/fringe: 0.49 (95% CI 0.19, 0.79) Quintile 5: Rural 0.36 (95% CI 0.26, 0.47) Town/fringe: 0.69 (95% CI 0.39, 0.99) Rural: 0.59 (95% CI 0.30, 0.88) Wheeler 2015, UK (Wheeler et al. 2015) To investigate the relationship between different and qualities of natural environments on health and Ecological study 2011 UK census data (n = 63,260,000) Age/sex standardised prevalence of both good and bad health 2011 census data for Great Britain Greenspace per Super Output Areas (LSOA) for England and Wales, and Data Zones (DZs) for Scotland; UK Land Cover Map 2007 Regression analyses adjusted for income, education and employment scores and models also adjusted for urban/rural classification Self-reported health ↑ Significant positive associations observed between good health prevalence and the density of several greenspace types: ‘broadleaf woodland’, ‘arable and horticulture’ and ‘improved grassland’ as well as ‘saltwater’ and ‘coastal’ after adjusting for confounders.
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