significantly correlated with increased ASD severity Whole blood Adams et al. [39] ASD 51 Investigated toxic metals in Found a strong and RBC Biol Trace Elem Controls 40 autism and autism severity association in the Res in whole blood, RBCs, and degree of severity 3-15 y urine of autism for all the severity scales with mercury (whole blood and RBC) Red Blood Alabdali et al. [40] ASD 30 Concentration of lead and Levels of mercury Cells (RBC) Behav Brain Func Controls 30 mercury were measured in GST, and vitamin red blood cells, plus GST E were correlated 3-12 y and vitamin E with severity of social and cognitive impairment measures GST=glutathione-s-transferase; CARS=Childhood Autism Rating Scale; ASD= autism spectrum disorders; ATEC= Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist; LFA=low functioning autism; MFA=mid functioning autism; HFA= high functioning autism; RBC= red blood cells; y= years of age Table 4. Human Tissue Studies that Show Significantly Different Mercury Levels in ASD vs. Healthy Controls Body Tissue Authors and N Purpose of Study Findings Journal Age Hair Holmes et al. [34] ASD 94 Relationship The level of mercury Int J Toxicol Controls 45 between autism and was significantly
significantly correlated with increased ASD severity Whole blood and RBC Adams et al. [39] Biol Trace Elem Res ASD 51 Controls 40 3-15 y Investigated toxic metals in autism and autism severity in whole blood, RBCs, and urine Found a strong association in the degree of severity of autism for all the severity scales with mercury (whole blood and RBC) Red Blood Cells (RBC) Alabdali et al. [40] Behav Brain Func ASD 30 Controls 30 3-12 y Concentration of lead and mercury were measured in red blood cells, plus GST and vitamin E Levels of mercury GST, and vitamin E were correlated with severity of social and cognitive impairment measures GST=glutathione-s-transferase; CARS=Childhood Autism Rating Scale; ASD= autism spectrum disorders; ATEC= Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist; LFA=low functioning autism; MFA=mid functioning autism; HFA= high functioning autism; RBC= red blood cells; y= years of age Table 4. Human Tissue Studies that Show Significantly Different Mercury Levels in ASD vs. Healthy Controls Body Tissue Authors and Journal N Age Purpose of Study Findings Hair Holmes et al. [34] Int J Toxicol ASD 94 Controls 45 Relationship between autism and The level of mercury was significantly
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