Describe the composition Crude oil is a mixture of a of crude oil. very large number of compounds. Most of the Recall the symbols for compounds in crude oil hydrogen and carbon. are hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up Define hydrocarbon. of hydrogen and carbon atoms only. 5.7.1.1 Most of the hydrocarbons Recognise substances as 1 Define the prefix: meth-, Make molecular models in crude oil are alkanes given their eth-, pro-, but- . of the different alkanes hydrocarbons called formulae in these forms. using plasticine and alkanes. The general Describe the formula cocktail sticks or formula for the Students do not need to and what it means. molecular sets homologous series of know the names of alkanes is specific alkanes other Describe alkane molecules The four members of than methane, ethane, of methane, ethane, the alkanes are methane, propane and butane. propane, butane in a ethane, propane and format like C2H6 and: butane. WS 1.2. Alkane molecules can be represented in the Provide students with a following forms: table of hydrocarbon or boiling points and ask them to plot a graph of the boiling points against number of carbons. 5.7.1.2 The many hydrocarbons Explain how fractional 2 Describe the process of Demonstrate fractional Video clips in crude oil may be distillation works in terms fractional distillation. distillation of cherry cola. YouTube: separated into fractions, of evaporation and each of which contains condensation. Draw a fractionating YouTube: molecules with a similar column and label each
Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds. Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only. Describe the composition of crude oil. Recall the symbols for hydrogen and carbon. Define hydrocarbon. 5.7.1.1 Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are hydrocarbons called alkanes. The general formula for the homologous series of alkanes is The four members of the alkanes are methane, ethane, propane and butane. Alkane molecules can be represented in the following forms: or Recognise substances as alkanes given their formulae in these forms. Students do not need to know the names of specific alkanes other than methane, ethane, propane and butane. WS 1.2. 1 Define the prefix: meth-, eth-, pro-, but- . Describe the formula and what it means. Describe alkane molecules of methane, ethane, propane, butane in a format like C2H6 and: Provide students with a table of hydrocarbon boiling points and ask them to plot a graph of the boiling points against number of carbons. Make molecular models of the different alkanes using plasticine and cocktail sticks or molecular sets 5.7.1.2 The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules with a similar Explain how fractional distillation works in terms of evaporation and condensation. 2 Describe the process of fractional distillation. Draw a fractionating column and label each Demonstrate fractional distillation of cherry cola. Video clips YouTube: YouTube:
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