Generalized Anxiety Disorder A general case/sense of anxiety. – Panic Disorder Person experiences terror and chest pain, choking, – or other frightening sensations. Phobia Persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of object or specific – situation. OCD Unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions). – Bad when interfere with the way we live or when they distress. Explanations for Anxiety Disorders Learning Perspective Stimulus Generalization Reinforcement Observational Learning Biological Perspective Evolution Mood Disorders Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. – Dysthymic Disorder State between blue moods and depression. – Most days filled with down-in-the-dumps mood for 2 years or more. Chronic low energy and self esteem Difficulty making decisions and concentrating and eat too much or too little Depressive Disorder Signs of depression last 2 weeks or more. – #1 reason why people seek mental health services. Manic Episode Hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. – Bipolar Disorder Alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of – depression and overexcited state of mania. Facts: Depression is widespread. Behavioral and cognitive changes go hand-in-hand with depression. Women 2x more likely to experience major depression. Most major depressive episodes last less than 6 months. Stressful events often precede depression. With each generation the rate of depression increases and strikes at earlier ages. Explanations for Mood Disorders Biological Perspective Genetic Parent/sibling with depression before age 30 = higher risk Brain Norepinephrine = over-abundant in mania, scarce in depression. Serotonin = scarce during depression Social-Cognitive Perspective Pessimism, self-defeating beliefs Learned helplessness Attributions of blame for life’s issues
Generalized Anxiety Disorder – A general case/sense of anxiety. Panic Disorder – Person experiences terror and chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Phobia – Persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of specific object or situation. OCD – Unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions). Bad when interfere with the way we live or when they distress. Explanations for Anxiety Disorders Learning Perspective Stimulus Generalization Reinforcement Observational Learning Biological Perspective Evolution Mood Disorders – Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. Dysthymic Disorder – State between blue moods and depression. Most days filled with down-in-the-dumps mood for 2 years or more. Chronic low energy and self esteem Difficulty making decisions and concentrating and eat too much or too little Depressive Disorder – Signs of depression last 2 weeks or more. #1 reason why people seek mental health services. Manic Episode – Hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. Bipolar Disorder – Alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and overexcited state of mania. Facts: Depression is widespread. Behavioral and cognitive changes go hand-in-hand with depression. Women 2x more likely to experience major depression. Most major depressive episodes last less than 6 months. Stressful events often precede depression. With each generation the rate of depression increases and strikes at earlier ages. Explanations for Mood Disorders Biological Perspective Genetic Parent/sibling with depression before age 30 = higher risk Brain Norepinephrine = over-abundant in mania, scarce in depression. Serotonin = scarce during depression Social-Cognitive Perspective Pessimism, self-defeating beliefs Learned helplessness Attributions of blame for life’s issues
ap_psych_mnemonic_devices.docx