For purposes of this article the In this article: following definitions are applicable: (a) A consists of letters, “writing” (1) Writings and recordings. words, numbers, or their equivalent and consist of set down in any form. ‘‘Writings’’ ‘‘recordings’’ letters, or numbers, or their (b) A consists of “recording” equivalent, set down by handwriting, letters, words, numbers, or their typewriting, printing, photostating, equivalent recorded in any manner. photographing, magnetic impulse, (c) A means a mechanical or electronic recording, or “photograph” photographic image or its other form of data compilation. equivalent stored in any form. (2) Photographs. ‘‘Photographs’’ (d) An of a writing or include still photographs, X-ray films, “original” recording the writing or video tapes, and motion pictures. recording itself or any counterpart (3) Original. An of a ‘‘original’’ intended to have the same effect by writing or recording is the writing or the person who executed or issued recording itself or any counterpart it. For electronically stored intended to have the same effect by a information, means any “original” person executing or issuing it. An printout or other output — of a photograph includes the ‘‘original’’ readable by sight if it accurately — negative or any print therefrom. If data reflects the information. An are stored in a computer or similar of a photograph includes “original” device, any printout or other output the negative or a print from it. readable by sight, shown to reflect the (e) A means a data accurately, is an “duplicate” ‘‘original’’. counterpart produced by a (4) Duplicate. A is a ‘‘duplicate’’ mechanical, photographic, counterpart produced by the same chemical, electronic, or other impression as the original, or from the equivalent process or technique same matrix, or by means of that accurately reproduces the photography, including enlargements original. and miniatures, or by mechanical or electronic re-recording, or by chemical reproduction, or by other equivalent techniques which accurately reproduces the original. C. Rule 1003: The Duplicate Exception is consistent with the emerging state trend finding mechanically produced duplicates admissible even when proponents could not account for the
For purposes of this article the following definitions are applicable: (1) Writings and recordings. ‘‘Writings’’ and ‘‘recordings’’ consist of letters, or numbers, or their equivalent, set down by handwriting, typewriting, printing, photostating, photographing, magnetic impulse, mechanical or electronic recording, or other form of data compilation. (2) Photographs. ‘‘Photographs’’ include still photographs, X-ray films, video tapes, and motion pictures. (3) Original. An ‘‘original’’ of a writing or recording is the writing or recording itself or any counterpart intended to have the same effect by a person executing or issuing it. An ‘‘original’’ of a photograph includes the negative or any print therefrom. If data are stored in a computer or similar device, any printout or other output readable by sight, shown to reflect the data accurately, is an ‘‘original’’. (4) Duplicate. A ‘‘duplicate’’ is a counterpart produced by the same impression as the original, or from the same matrix, or by means of photography, including enlargements and miniatures, or by mechanical or electronic re-recording, or by chemical reproduction, or by other equivalent techniques which accurately reproduces the original. In this article: (a) A “writing” consists of letters, words, numbers, or their equivalent set down in any form. (b) A “recording” consists of letters, words, numbers, or their equivalent recorded in any manner. (c) A “photograph” means a photographic image or its equivalent stored in any form. (d) An “original” of a writing or recording the writing or recording itself or any counterpart intended to have the same effect by the person who executed or issued it. For electronically stored information, “original” means any printout — or other output readable by sight — if it accurately reflects the information. An “original” of a photograph includes the negative or a print from it. (e) A “duplicate” means a counterpart produced by a mechanical, photographic, chemical, electronic, or other equivalent process or technique that accurately reproduces the original. C. Rule 1003: The Duplicate Exception is consistent with the emerging state trend finding mechanically produced duplicates admissible even when proponents could not account for the
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