270 bird Fire species E-W Highway Basanta Protection Connects Consists of Encroachment Yes 181 471 Kailali Forest Nepal’s Churia the Over grazing forest with Ghodagodi Fragmentation India’s lake Ramsar Forest Loss Dudhwa site National Park Brahmadev Designated Connects Wetland and Bottlenecked No 138 10 Kanchanpur as corridor Shuklaphanta streams Encroachment in TAL WR with Doon Tiger Forest fire Forest in India Elephant Leopard Goral Blue Bull Kamdi Designated Links Banke NP Wetland and Encroachment No 291 159 Banke as corridor to a wildlife West Rapti Over grazing in TAL sanctuary in India Tiger Common leopard Karnali Designated Priority area Frequent use Over grazing No 149 78 Kailali – as river connects Churia by elephant, Restoration corridor in and wildlife rhino, tiger, required TAL sanctuary in Gangetic Illegal logging India dolphin, Poaching gharial Fire Protection Links Bardia Tiger, rhino Threatened by Yes 74 128 Bardia Forest NP to Hulaki Road Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary in India Protection Route for Tiger signs Over grazing Yes 202 153 Kanchanpur Forest wildlife Elephant Encroachment between Chure, Key flora Over-extraction Suklaphanta of forest Wildlife resources Reserve and Forest clearing India’s Dudhwa National Park Table 2: Protected Areas in TAL Protected Declared Species/BD values Issues Core Buffer Districts Area Area Zone Area (km2) (km2) (km2) Banke National 2010 Priority site for tiger Newest national park in 550 343 893 Banke Park population expansion in Nepal; local dependence on Nepal natural resources is pressuring and fragmenting tiger and prey base habitat Bardia 1976/1988 Second highest density Infrastructure development; 968 507 1,475 Bardia National Park of tigers in Nepal; sand and gravel mining; free critical site for grazing of livestock; expanding rhino temporary settlements in the population through buffer zone translocations Chitwan 1973 Highest density of tigers Infrastructure development; 932 750 1,682 Chitwan, National Park and rhinos in Nepal; growing human population Makwanpur, Rapti River; gharial in the buffer zone of the Nawalparasi breeding center
270 bird species Fire E-W Highway Basanta Protection Forest Connects Nepal’s Churia forest with India’s Dudhwa National Park Consists of the Ghodagodi lake Ramsar site Encroachment Over grazing Fragmentation Forest Loss Yes 181 471 Kailali Brahmadev Designated as corridor in TAL Connects Shuklaphanta WR with Doon Forest in India Wetland and streams Tiger Elephant Leopard Goral Blue Bull Bottlenecked Encroachment Forest fire No 138 10 Kanchanpur Kamdi Designated as corridor in TAL Links Banke NP to a wildlife sanctuary in India Wetland and West Rapti Tiger Common leopard Encroachment Over grazing No 291 159 Banke Karnali Designated as river corridor in TAL Priority area – connects Churia and wildlife sanctuary in India Frequent use by elephant, rhino, tiger, Gangetic dolphin, gharial Over grazing Restoration required Illegal logging Poaching Fire No 149 78 Kailali Protection Forest Links Bardia NP to Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary in India Tiger, rhino Threatened by Hulaki Road Yes 74 128 Bardia Protection Forest Route for wildlife between Chure, Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve and India’s Dudhwa National Park Tiger signs Elephant Key flora Over grazing Encroachment Over-extraction of forest resources Forest clearing Yes 202 153 Kanchanpur Table 2: Protected Areas in TAL Protected Area Declared Species/BD values Issues Core Area (km2) Buffer Zone (km2) Area (km2) Districts Banke National Park 2010 Priority site for tiger population expansion in Nepal Newest national park in Nepal; local dependence on natural resources is pressuring and fragmenting tiger and prey base habitat 550 343 893 Banke Bardia National Park 1976/1988 Second highest density of tigers in Nepal; critical site for expanding rhino population through translocations Infrastructure development; sand and gravel mining; free grazing of livestock; temporary settlements in the buffer zone 968 507 1,475 Bardia Chitwan National Park 1973 Highest density of tigers and rhinos in Nepal; Rapti River; gharial breeding center Infrastructure development; growing human population in the buffer zone of the 932 750 1,682 Chitwan, Makwanpur, Nawalparasi
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