In animals, an individual consisting of diploid cells is the life stage which signals to attract a mate and determines whether the potential mate is compatible. What life stages typically accomplish these functions in fungi? Haploid hyphae Describe each of the following. Microsporidia Zygomycetes Chytrids Glomeromycota Basidiomycota Ascomycota -single celled -primary soil -common in -Primarily AMF -includes -sac fungi -parasitic dwellers freshwater -AMF are very -form sexual ‘mushrooms’ -reduced -many are environments important to -some can spores in genome and saprophytes both human completely saclike asci lack and some -motile and natural degrade lignin -8 functioning parasitize gametes use economies and digest ascospores mitochondria animals or flagella to cellulose, -important -some are fungi swim components decomposers serious insect -common of woody cells -some are pest bread mold -club fungi pathogens and rot in -mushrooms, frutis and puffballs, shelf veggies fungi, rusts -most -important reproduce decomposers sexually of wood Reproduction: Asexual - Fungi reproduce asexually by fragmentation, budding, or producing spores. Fragments of hyphae can grow new colonies. Mycelial fragmentation occurs when a fungal mycelium separates into pieces with each component growing into a separate mycelium. Sexual- Although there are many variations in fungal sexual reproduction, all include the following three stages . First, during plasmogamy (literally, "marriage or union of cytoplasm"), two cells fuse, leading to a dikaryotic stage where two haploid nuclei coexist in a single cell. During karyogamy ("nuclear marriage"), the haploid nuclei fuse to form a nucleus. Finally, takes place in the gametangia (singular, gametangium) organs, in which of different mating types are generated. At this stage, spores are disseminated into the environment. True or False: Opisthokonta (which means back flagella) is a monophyletic group composed of animals, fungi and choanoflagellates.
In animals, an individual consisting of diploid cells is the life stage which signals to attract a mate and determines whether the potential mate is compatible. What life stages typically accomplish these functions in fungi? Haploid hyphae Describe each of the following. Microsporidia Zygomycetes Chytrids Glomeromycota Basidiomycota Ascomycota -single celled -parasitic -reduced genome and lack functioning mitochondria -some are serious insect pest -primary soil dwellers -many are saprophytes and some parasitize animals or fungi -common bread mold and rot in frutis and veggies -most reproduce sexually -common in freshwater environments -motile gametes use flagella to swim -Primarily AMF -AMF are very important to both human and natural economies -includes ‘mushrooms’ -some can completely degrade lignin and digest cellulose, components of woody cells -club fungi -mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, rusts -important decomposers of wood -sac fungi -form sexual spores in saclike asci -8 ascospores -important decomposers -some are pathogens Reproduction: Asexual - Fungi reproduce asexually by fragmentation, budding, or producing spores. Fragments of hyphae can grow new colonies. Mycelial fragmentation occurs when a fungal mycelium separates into pieces with each component growing into a separate mycelium. Sexual- Although there are many variations in fungal sexual reproduction, all include the following three stages . First, during plasmogamy (literally, "marriage or union of cytoplasm"), two cells fuse, leading to a dikaryotic stage where two haploid nuclei coexist in a single cell. During karyogamy ("nuclear marriage"), the haploid nuclei fuse to form a nucleus. Finally, takes place in the gametangia (singular, gametangium) organs, in which of different mating types are generated. At this stage, spores are disseminated into the environment. True or False: Opisthokonta (which means back flagella) is a monophyletic group composed of animals, fungi and choanoflagellates.
BIOL_211__2__Hufford_jdkelly_EXAM_2_ULTIMATE_STUDY_GUIDE_____ANSWER_KEY.docx