B1.4.1 understand that bacteria, plants NA NA and some animals can reproduce asexually to form  clones (individuals with identical genes) B1.4.2 understand that any differences NA NA between clones are likely to be  due only to environmental factors B1.4.3 understand that clones of plants NA NA occur naturally when plants  produce bulbs or runners B1.4.4 understand that clones of NA NA animals occur: a. naturally, when cells of an embryo separate (identical twins) b. artificially,  when the nucleus from an adult body cell is transferred to an empty unfertilised egg cell understand that there are B4.3.4 describe the function of stem in B1.4.5 different types of stem cells: a. embryonic and adult animals and adult stem cells which are meristems in plants unspecialised cells that can develop into many, but not all, types of cells b. embryonic stem cells which are unspecialised cells that can develop into any type of cell B1.4.6 understand that, as a result of B4.3.5 explain the importance of cell being unspecialised, stem cells differentiation, in which cells become from embryos and adults offer specialised by switching genes off and on the potential to treat some to form tissues with particular functions illnesses B1.4.7 understand that the majority of B4.3.5 explain the importance of cell cells of multicellular organisms differentiation, in which cells become become specialised during the specialised by switching genes off and on early development of the to form tissues with particular functions organism B2.1.1 understand that symptoms of an NA infectious disease are caused by damage done to cells by microorganisms or the poisons (toxins) they produce B2.1.2 understand why, in suitable NA conditions such as those inside a human body, microorganisms (e.g. bacteria and viruses) can reproduce rapidly to produce very large numbers B2.1.3 calculate the population growth B2.4.3 calculate cross-sectional areas of of microorganisms bacterial cultures and of clear zones appropriate data around antibiotic discs on agar jelly using M5c PAG7 πr2
B1.4.1 understand that bacteria, plants and some animals can reproduce asexually to form clones (individuals with identical genes) NA NA  B1.4.2 understand that any differences between clones are likely to be due only to environmental factors NA NA  B1.4.3 understand that clones of plants occur naturally when plants produce bulbs or runners NA NA  B1.4.4 understand that clones of animals occur: a. naturally, when cells of an embryo separate (identical twins) b. artificially, when the nucleus from an adult body cell is transferred to an empty unfertilised egg cell NA NA  B1.4.5 understand that there are different types of stem cells: a. adult stem cells which are unspecialised cells that can develop into many, but not all, types of cells b. embryonic stem cells which are unspecialised cells that can develop into any type of cell B4.3.4 describe the function of stem in embryonic and adult animals and meristems in plants B1.4.6 understand that, as a result of being unspecialised, stem cells from embryos and adults offer the potential to treat some illnesses B4.3.5 explain the importance of cell differentiation, in which cells become specialised by switching genes off and on to form tissues with particular functions B1.4.7 understand that the majority of cells of multicellular organisms become specialised during the early development of the organism B4.3.5 explain the importance of cell differentiation, in which cells become specialised by switching genes off and on to form tissues with particular functions B2.1.1 understand that symptoms of an infectious disease are caused by damage done to cells by microorganisms or the poisons (toxins) they produce NA B2.1.2 understand why, in suitable conditions such as those inside a human body, microorganisms (e.g. bacteria and viruses) can reproduce rapidly to produce very large numbers NA B2.1.3 calculate the population growth of microorganisms appropriate data B2.4.3 calculate cross-sectional areas of bacterial cultures and of clear zones around antibiotic discs on agar jelly using πr2 M5c PAG7
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