Table S1: Operating conditions of several large-scale desalination plants equipped with porous membranes Production flow rate Permeate flux Type mode of filtration – Location (m3.j−1) References (manufacturer) (L.h−1.m−2) UF/MF RO Yu-Huan China UF SUB 76,800 34,500 30–50 [21, 22] – – Perth Australia UF PO/I (Memcor) 360,000 144,000 - [23, 24] – – Moni Cyprus UF PO/I (Dow) - 20,000 60 [25] – – Algeria UF PO/I (Hyflux) 450,000 - 50–70 [24] – California USA MF PO/I (Pall) 75,000 - [26] - – – Kindasa Saudi Arabia UF PI/O (Hydranautics) - 90,000 75–100 [21, 27] – – Hamriyah United Arab Emirates UF PI/O (Hydranautics) 114,000 91,000 - [28] – – Torrevaldaliga Italy UF PI/O (Inge) - 8700 - [29] – – Dalian China UF PI/O (Inge) - 36,500 [30] – – Palm Jumeirah United Arab Emirates UF PI/O (Pentair) 184,000 64,000 60–80 [21, 31] – – Colakoglu Turkey UF PI/O (Pentair) - 67,000 50–60 [21, 32] – – UF: ultrafiltration; MF: microfiltration; RO: reverse osmosis; PO/I: filtration under pressure from the outside to the inside of fiber; PI/O: filtration under pressure from the inside to the outside of fiber; SUB: submerged membrane filtration; GWI: Global Water Intelligence.
Table S1: Operating conditions of several large-scale desalination plants equipped with porous membranes Location Type – mode of filtration (manufacturer) Production flow rate (m3.j−1) Permeate flux (L.h−1.m−2) References UF/MF RO Yu-Huan – China UF – SUB 76,800 34,500 30–50 [21, 22] Perth – Australia UF – PO/I (Memcor) 360,000 144,000 - [23, 24] Moni – Cyprus UF – PO/I (Dow) - 20,000 60 [25] Algeria UF – PO/I (Hyflux) 450,000 - 50–70 [24] California – USA MF – PO/I (Pall) 75,000 - - [26] Kindasa – Saudi Arabia UF – PI/O (Hydranautics) - 90,000 75–100 [21, 27] Hamriyah – United Arab Emirates UF – PI/O (Hydranautics) 114,000 91,000 - [28] Torrevaldaliga – Italy UF – PI/O (Inge) - 8700 - [29] Dalian – China UF – PI/O (Inge) - 36,500 [30] Palm Jumeirah – United Arab Emirates UF – PI/O (Pentair) 184,000 64,000 60–80 [21, 31] Colakoglu – Turkey UF – PI/O (Pentair) - 67,000 50–60 [21, 32] UF: ultrafiltration; MF: microfiltration; RO: reverse osmosis; PO/I: filtration under pressure from the outside to the inside of fiber; PI/O: filtration under pressure from the inside to the outside of fiber; SUB: submerged membrane filtration; GWI: Global Water Intelligence.
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