Table 1. Summary of studies presenting data on the outcome domain of patient safety (cohort studies). Study and Setting Design N Outcome Sub-Domain Measure/Indicator Alexander et al. (2015) (38) Retrospective cohort study 30 Seclusion, restraint and intensive Mean number of episodes per patient/month Medium and low secure Follow up: 6 years observations Alexander et al. (2010) (37) Retrospective cohort study 138 Seclusion, restraint and intensive Mean number of episodes per patient/month (adjusted for length of Medium secure Follow up: 6 years observations stay) Alexander et al. (2011) (5) Retrospective cohort study 138 Seclusion, restraint and intensive Mean and median episodes per patient/month Medium secure Follow up: 4 years observations Ayres & Roy (2009) (39) Case Series 26 Medication Case study: reduction in frequency of use of PRN medication Community Follow up: up to 3 years Butwell (2000) (42) Cohort Study Up to Death Frequency of episodes (n and % of all patients) High secure Follow up: 10 years 278 Morrissey & Taylor Cohort Study 13 Seclusion Hours per patient for every 6 months of treatment (2014a) (49) Follow up: 2 years High secure Reed et al. (2004) (52) Retrospective cohort study 45 Seclusion, restraint and Episodes at baseline (weeks 6 to 10 of treatment) were compared to Low secure Follow up: up to 14 years relocation end of stay (last 4 weeks of treatment) Mean monthly rates calculated to control for length of stay Xenitidis et al. (1999) (53) Retrospective cohort study (4) 64 Seclusion Episodes at baseline (week 6 to 10 of treatment) compared to end of Low secure Follow up: up to 11 years stay (last 4 weeks of treatment)
Table 1. Summary of studies presenting data on the outcome domain of patient safety (cohort studies). Study and Setting Design N Outcome Sub-Domain Measure/Indicator Alexander et al. (2015) (38) Medium and low secure Retrospective cohort study Follow up: 6 years 30 Seclusion, restraint and intensive observations Mean number of episodes per patient/month Alexander et al. (2010) (37) Medium secure Retrospective cohort study Follow up: 6 years 138 Seclusion, restraint and intensive observations Mean number of episodes per patient/month (adjusted for length of stay) Alexander et al. (2011) (5) Medium secure Retrospective cohort study Follow up: 4 years 138 Seclusion, restraint and intensive observations Mean and median episodes per patient/month Ayres & Roy (2009) (39) Community Case Series Follow up: up to 3 years 26 Medication Case study: reduction in frequency of use of PRN medication Butwell (2000) (42) High secure Cohort Study Follow up: 10 years Up to 278 Death Frequency of episodes (n and % of all patients) Morrissey & Taylor (2014a) (49) High secure Cohort Study Follow up: 2 years 13 Seclusion Hours per patient for every 6 months of treatment Reed et al. (2004) (52) Low secure Retrospective cohort study Follow up: up to 14 years 45 Seclusion, restraint and relocation Episodes at baseline (weeks 6 to 10 of treatment) were compared to end of stay (last 4 weeks of treatment) Mean monthly rates calculated to control for length of stay Xenitidis et al. (1999) (53) Low secure Retrospective cohort study (4) Follow up: up to 11 years 64 Seclusion Episodes at baseline (week 6 to 10 of treatment) compared to end of stay (last 4 weeks of treatment)
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