marginatum rufipes suitable tick vectors as well as abortions can transmit the occur and neonatal agent deaths Worldwide Direct contact with The is easily Spread is mainly by Mild conjunctivitis ND can cause Newcastle disease infected birds or inactivated by movement of live in humans has severe losses due contaminated changes in pH and poultry been described to mortality as well ND is a viral material resulting in disinfectants but as drop in egg disease of birds ingestion or faeces are a potent production and (probably all inhalation of infected source of infection growth species) that material for other birds occurs in mild to Trade restrictions virulent forms Ducks are relatively may occur during resistant to ND outbreaks Avian influenza Worldwide Direct contact with The virus is easily Live infected H5N1 HPAI has High mortality infected or inactivated but can poultry and infected caused more than occurs and disease of contaminated matter, persist in faeces at migratory birds 300 human because of the birds that varies including water, and low temperatures have proven highly deaths since 2002 zoonotic potential from mild (low aerosols for up to 44 days as efficient in moving although humans even birds infected pathogenic AI) to well as in water the virus over long are relatively with LPAI are killed highly fatal (highly Some water birds distances resistant to so losses can be pathogenic AI, appear to be infection very heavy HPAI) relatively resistant Trade restrictions are severe if there is an outbreak and trade is also
marginatum rufipes can transmit the agent suitable tick vectors occur as well as abortions and neonatal deaths Newcastle disease ND is a viral disease of birds (probably all species) that occurs in mild to virulent forms Worldwide Direct contact with infected birds or contaminated material resulting in ingestion or inhalation of infected material Ducks are relatively resistant to ND The is easily inactivated by changes in pH and disinfectants but faeces are a potent source of infection for other birds Spread is mainly by movement of live poultry Mild conjunctivitis in humans has been described ND can cause severe losses due to mortality as well as drop in egg production and growth Trade restrictions may occur during outbreaks Avian influenza disease of birds that varies from mild (low pathogenic AI) to highly fatal (highly pathogenic AI, HPAI) Worldwide Direct contact with infected or contaminated matter, including water, and aerosols Some water birds appear to be relatively resistant The virus is easily inactivated but can persist in faeces at low temperatures for up to 44 days as well as in water Live infected poultry and infected migratory birds have proven highly efficient in moving the virus over long distances H5N1 HPAI has caused more than 300 human deaths since 2002 although humans are relatively resistant to infection High mortality occurs and because of the zoonotic potential even birds infected with LPAI are killed so losses can be very heavy Trade restrictions are severe if there is an outbreak and trade is also
ahm_module_1_complete_1-1.docx