Non-treated individuals (precise-payment) Variable #Observations Mean SD Min Max #Correct Additions 21 18.52 7.08 7 34 GMAT 21 3.38 1.60 0 5 High School Grades 20 0.58 0.25 0.14 1 Table A3: Checking the robustness of the results to an explicit payment in Experiment I (1) (2) (3) VARIABLES Additions Additions Attempts Treatment Dummy 2.11** 2.01** 2.21** (0.85) (0.98) (0.98) Treat.*Exp.Payment -1.12 -0.43 (2.09) (2.08) Explicit Payment 2.62 1.82 (1.68) (1.67) 16.3*** Constant (0.61) 15.9*** 19.1*** (0.66) (0.66) Observations 276 276 276 R-squared 0.022 0.036 0.037 Notes: *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. Standard errors in parentheses. If all potential covariates from the previous table are included, the coefficient on the treatment dummy in column 2 drops to approximately 1.4, and is not significantly different from zero; the interaction term remains insignificant. EXPERIMENT II Table A4: Data description (Experiment II) Treated Individuals Variable #Observations Mean SD Min Max #Correct Additions 51 22.96078 10.39223 4 75 Happy Before 51 5.019608 .8121624 3 7 Happy After 51 5.235294 .8387666 3 7 GMAT 51 3.921569 1.074116 0 5 High School Grades 48 .5913232 .2537363 .0714286 1 Individuals treated with placebo clip Variable #Observations Mean SD Min Max #Correct Additions 53 18.81132 6.75977 7 35 Happy Before 53 4.849057 .863718 3 7
Non-treated individuals (precise-payment) Variable #Observations Mean SD Min Max #Correct Additions 21 18.52 7.08 7 34 GMAT 21 3.38 1.60 0 5 High School Grades 20 0.58 0.25 0.14 1 Table A3: Checking the robustness of the results to an explicit payment in Experiment I (1) (2) (3) VARIABLES Additions Additions Attempts Treatment Dummy 2.11** 2.01** 2.21** (0.85) (0.98) (0.98) Treat.*Exp.Payment -1.12 -0.43 (2.09) (2.08) Explicit Payment 2.62 1.82 (1.68) (1.67) 16.3*** Constant (0.61) 15.9*** 19.1*** (0.66) (0.66) Observations 276 276 276 R-squared 0.022 0.036 0.037 Notes: *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. Standard errors in parentheses. If all potential covariates from the previous table are included, the coefficient on the treatment dummy in column 2 drops to approximately 1.4, and is not significantly different from zero; the interaction term remains insignificant. EXPERIMENT II Table A4: Data description (Experiment II) Treated Individuals Variable #Observations Mean SD Min Max #Correct Additions 51 22.96078 10.39223 4 75 Happy Before 51 5.019608 .8121624 3 7 Happy After 51 5.235294 .8387666 3 7 GMAT 51 3.921569 1.074116 0 5 High School Grades 48 .5913232 .2537363 .0714286 1 Individuals treated with placebo clip Variable #Observations Mean SD Min Max #Correct Additions 53 18.81132 6.75977 7 35 Happy Before 53 4.849057 .863718 3 7
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