The first long-term observations of aurorae on Saturn and Jupiter. Discovering protoplanetary discs, planetary systems in the process of forming, in the Orion Nebula. Detecting the chemical and physical properties of exoplanet atmospheres. Stars and nebulae The first direct observations of white dwarfs in globular star clusters, allowing the first accurate measurements of cluster ages. Discovery of compelling evidence linking supernovae with gamma-ray bursts. Uncovering stellar nurseries, thanks to infrared observations using WFC3 and NICMOS. Resolving bright young stars in stellar nurseries thanks to ultraviolet imaging. Observing the evolution over time of Supernova 1987A. Resolving individual stars and star clusters in the Andromeda Galaxy. Galaxies and galactic evolution Discovering, characterizing and weighing the supermassive black holes in galactic centers. Tracking the movement of the Andromeda Galaxy and plotting its collision course with the Milky Way. The telescope to resolve details within gravitationally lensed images. Cosmology Discovering numerous distance record holders in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Imaging quasar host galaxies. Groundbreaking work on dark matter, including detailed maps of its location, distribution and properties, and the first three-dimensional map of a dark matter filament. Narrowing down on the age of the universe by making precise measurements of Cepheid brightnesses, giving an age of 13.7 billion (previous estimates ranged from 10 to 20 billion). Measuring the rate of expansion of the universe, and contributing to the study of the accelerating expansion of the cosmos and the discovery of dark energy. Observing the deep fields, our first clear images of the universe when it was less than half its current age. 11.2 Appendix 3: Other Books about Hubble Hubble’s Universe: Greatest Discoveries and Latest Images, Terence Dickinson Firefly Books, 2012
The first long-term observations of aurorae on Saturn and Jupiter. Discovering protoplanetary discs, planetary systems in the process of forming, in the Orion Nebula. Detecting the chemical and physical properties of exoplanet atmospheres. Stars and nebulae The first direct observations of white dwarfs in globular star clusters, allowing the first accurate measurements of cluster ages. Discovery of compelling evidence linking supernovae with gamma-ray bursts. Uncovering stellar nurseries, thanks to infrared observations using WFC3 and NICMOS. Resolving bright young stars in stellar nurseries thanks to ultraviolet imaging. Observing the evolution over time of Supernova 1987A. Resolving individual stars and star clusters in the Andromeda Galaxy. Galaxies and galactic evolution Discovering, characterizing and weighing the supermassive black holes in galactic centers. Tracking the movement of the Andromeda Galaxy and plotting its collision course with the Milky Way. The telescope to resolve details within gravitationally lensed images. Cosmology Discovering numerous distance record holders in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Imaging quasar host galaxies. Groundbreaking work on dark matter, including detailed maps of its location, distribution and properties, and the first three-dimensional map of a dark matter filament. Narrowing down on the age of the universe by making precise measurements of Cepheid brightnesses, giving an age of 13.7 billion (previous estimates ranged from 10 to 20 billion). Measuring the rate of expansion of the universe, and contributing to the study of the accelerating expansion of the cosmos and the discovery of dark energy. Observing the deep fields, our first clear images of the universe when it was less than half its current age. 11.2 Appendix 3: Other Books about Hubble Hubble’s Universe: Greatest Discoveries and Latest Images, Terence Dickinson Firefly Books, 2012
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