New petrol hybrid cars (full hybrid or plug-in) replace 8.3% of new petrol Capital constraints Petrol Car internal combustion car purchases by 2020. Incremental Low fuel prices Hybrids capex in 2020: Assumptions: $2,855 for full owners 2,947 -22 Under business-as-usual, petrol hybrid cars will replace 1.7% of hybrid, $9,335 new petrol vehicles purchased. for plug-in Vehicle hybrid Full hybrid petrol cars achieve 22% efficiency compared to internal combustion engines; plug-in hybrids achieve 17% efficiency. By 2020, electric vehicles replace 1% of all new petrol vehicle purchases Capital constraints Electric in Greater Geelong. Lack of infrastructure vehicles Assumptions: Incremental It is assumed that electric vehicles are powered by 100% renewables capex in 2020: owners 1,282 18 (additional to the RET). A REC cost of $34/MWh has been included. $5,833 per It is assumed that electric vehicles are taken up predominately by vehicle Vehicle commuters and fleets and drive an average of 25,000km per year Infrastructure cost of $500 per vehicle for installation of connection Bus and rigid Efficiency improvements to traditional diesel ICE bus and rigid trucks, Incremental Capital constraints truck grouped into 4 bundles: capex in 2020: Long payback period efficiency $7,130 for Bundle 1 – rolling resistance reduction. improvement bundle 1, Bundle 2 – rolling resistance reduction, aerodynamic improvement. owner +$3,190 for Bundle 3 – rolling resistance reduction, conventional ICE improvement bundle 2, Bundle 4 – rolling resistance reduction, aerodynamics improvement, +$5,096 for conventional ICE improvements. Vehicle 1,435 273 bundle 3, +$5,421for Assumptions: owners bundle 4 Assume 20 year lifespan of vehicles Fuel economy of 28 litres per 100 km in 2020 before efficiency improvements. Fuel economy of bundle 1 is 27 litres per 100 km, Vehicle bundle 2 is 27 litres per 100 km, bundle 3 is 26 litres per 100 km, bundle 4 is 25 litres per 100 km.
Petrol Car Hybrids New petrol hybrid cars (full hybrid or plug-in) replace 8.3% of new petrol internal combustion car purchases by 2020. Assumptions: Under business-as-usual, petrol hybrid cars will replace 1.7% of new petrol vehicles purchased. Full hybrid petrol cars achieve 22% efficiency compared to internal combustion engines; plug-in hybrids achieve 17% efficiency. Vehicle owners 2,947 -22 Incremental capex in 2020: $2,855 for full hybrid, $9,335 for plug-in hybrid Capital constraints Low fuel prices Electric vehicles By 2020, electric vehicles replace 1% of all new petrol vehicle purchases in Greater Geelong. Assumptions: It is assumed that electric vehicles are powered by 100% renewables (additional to the RET). A REC cost of $34/MWh has been included. It is assumed that electric vehicles are taken up predominately by commuters and fleets and drive an average of 25,000km per year Infrastructure cost of $500 per vehicle for installation of connection Vehicle owners 1,282 18 Incremental capex in 2020: $5,833 per vehicle Capital constraints Lack of infrastructure Bus and rigid truck efficiency improvement Efficiency improvements to traditional diesel ICE bus and rigid trucks, grouped into 4 bundles: Bundle 1 – rolling resistance reduction. Bundle 2 – rolling resistance reduction, aerodynamic improvement. Bundle 3 – rolling resistance reduction, conventional ICE improvement Bundle 4 – rolling resistance reduction, aerodynamics improvement, conventional ICE improvements. Assumptions: Assume 20 year lifespan of vehicles Fuel economy of 28 litres per 100 km in 2020 before efficiency improvements. Fuel economy of bundle 1 is 27 litres per 100 km, bundle 2 is 27 litres per 100 km, bundle 3 is 26 litres per 100 km, bundle 4 is 25 litres per 100 km. Vehicle owners Vehicle owner 1,435 273 Incremental capex in 2020: $7,130 for bundle 1, +$3,190 for bundle 2, +$5,096 for bundle 3, +$5,421for bundle 4 Capital constraints Long payback period
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