narrative particularly linking otherwise to enhance memory of the order of • Elaboration and chaining useful for bits bones from the outer to the inner ear in chunking add unrelated items to of information biology, the story: ‘An old blacksmith organisation one another to that seem lost his hammer. It was hiding behind and form a meaningful unrelated the anvil. His daughter was able to see meaningfulness sequence or story it, as she used the stirrup to mount her to otherwise horse to get a better view of the meaningless workshop.’ material. • By making a story, the material is structured and given meaning in a narrative. 3 Briefly describe three characteristics that the various mnemonic devices have in common. Characteristics in common include: • elaboration using information already in LTM, • association of ‘new’ information (to be remembered) and ‘old’ information (already in LTM), • enhancing organisation through cohesion or chunking. Learning Activity 9.8 (p. 357) Students should conclude that List B is easier to remember than List A, despite both lists containing identical words, as List B words are sequenced or ’narratively chained’ in order to create a meaningful sentence or a meaningful whole. Learning Activity 9.11 (p. 363) 1 Define the meaning of memory construction. Definition should refer to the process of actively recreating/reassembling/reconstruc-ting the details of a specific long-term memory during retrieval (usually without conscious awareness of doing so). 2 Explain how and why memory construction is believed to occur. Explanation of how should refer to factors that can contribute to errors and distortions
narrative chaining particularly useful for bits of information that seem unrelated linking otherwise unrelated items to one another to form a meaningful sequence or story to enhance memory of the order of bones from the outer to the inner ear in biology, the story: ‘An old blacksmith lost his hammer. It was hiding behind the anvil. His daughter was able to see it, as she used the stirrup to mount her horse to get a better view of the workshop.’ • Elaboration and chunking add organisation and meaningfulness to otherwise meaningless material. • By making a story, the material is structured and given meaning in a narrative. 3 Briefly describe three characteristics that the various mnemonic devices have in common. Characteristics in common include: • elaboration using information already in LTM, • association of ‘new’ information (to be remembered) and ‘old’ information (already in LTM), • enhancing organisation through cohesion or chunking. Learning Activity 9.8 (p. 357) Students should conclude that List B is easier to remember than List A, despite both lists containing identical words, as List B words are sequenced or ’narratively chained’ in order to create a meaningful sentence or a meaningful whole. Learning Activity 9.11 (p. 363) 1 Define the meaning of memory construction. Definition should refer to the process of actively recreating/reassembling/reconstruc-ting the details of a specific long-term memory during retrieval (usually without conscious awareness of doing so). 2 Explain how and why memory construction is believed to occur. Explanation of how should refer to factors that can contribute to errors and distortions
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