reducing expenditure, which means reducing funding for services (such as health or education), or improving productivity. This is the case for all governments. There is no silver bullet for raising all the revenue we need to fund the infrastructure we want. When thinking how to fund infrastructure, a balance needs to be struck between raising more revenue, using our infrastructure efficiently and encouraging businesses and individuals to be productive, which helps create jobs and economic growth. Keeping this in mind, any assessment of revenue options to fund infrastructure must consider how to: change behaviour and manage demand promote the highest and best use of our infrastructure optimise our infrastructure (including its maintenance) and services align the cost of infrastructure with users and those who privately benefit from it implement easy, and relatively cheap revenue options Options to revenue There are many ways to raise revenue to fund infrastructure. Different revenue options affect who pays and who benefits, how we pay for and use our infrastructure. These include: increasing or introducing more direct fees for using User charges — infrastructure such as roads, utilities, and public transport. This helps to recover costs from those actually using the infrastructure. Beneficiary charges increase contributions from individuals or businesses — that indirectly and privately benefit from government infrastructure or planning decisions because of proximity, whether they use infrastructure or not. Beneficiary charges are also sometimes called capture’ funding ‘value approaches. This is because they seek to capture some of the extra value created for individuals and businesses. Under current taxation arrangements, some of the benefit of economic activity created by state infrastructure investment accrues to the commonwealth through income and company taxes, and GST receipts. Beneficiary charges could be applied to new or major infrastructure upgrades or planning and zoning changes. There are different types of beneficiary charges: Land value uplift new or increased charges to capture the benefit of — improved land values Betterment levies new charges on individuals and businesses in a — defined catchment Developer contributions increasing and expanding — contributions from individuals or developers
reducing expenditure, which means reducing funding for services (such as health or education), or improving productivity. This is the case for all governments. There is no silver bullet for raising all the revenue we need to fund the infrastructure we want. When thinking how to fund infrastructure, a balance needs to be struck between raising more revenue, using our infrastructure efficiently and encouraging businesses and individuals to be productive, which helps create jobs and economic growth. Keeping this in mind, any assessment of revenue options to fund infrastructure must consider how to: change behaviour and manage demand promote the highest and best use of our infrastructure optimise our infrastructure (including its maintenance) and services align the cost of infrastructure with users and those who privately benefit from it implement easy, and relatively cheap revenue options Options to revenue There are many ways to raise revenue to fund infrastructure. Different revenue options affect who pays and who benefits, how we pay for and use our infrastructure. These include: User charges — increasing or introducing more direct fees for using infrastructure such as roads, utilities, and public transport. This helps to recover costs from those actually using the infrastructure. Beneficiary charges — increase contributions from individuals or businesses that indirectly and privately benefit from government infrastructure or planning decisions because of proximity, whether they use infrastructure or not. Beneficiary charges are also sometimes called ‘value capture’ funding approaches. This is because they seek to capture some of the extra value created for individuals and businesses. Under current taxation arrangements, some of the benefit of economic activity created by state infrastructure investment accrues to the commonwealth through income and company taxes, and GST receipts. Beneficiary charges could be applied to new or major infrastructure upgrades or planning and zoning changes. There are different types of beneficiary charges: Land value uplift — new or increased charges to capture the benefit of improved land values Betterment levies — new charges on individuals and businesses in a defined catchment Developer contributions — increasing and expanding contributions from individuals or developers
All_things_considered_word_accessible.DOCX