Key: = above knee; = below knee; = Cumulative trauma disorder; = Operating Iraqi Freedom (Iraq); = Operation AK BK CTD OIF OEF Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan); = Quality of life. QoL Table 1b: Summary of remaining studies included in systematic review Author, year and Design and focus of Participants: age (M(age)), sex, etiology of Key findings location of study study and time since limb loss (M(time)) 2 Desmond and Cross-sectional. = 796 members of BLESMA with lower Problem solving, seeking social support, N MacLachlan (2006) Coping strategies (96% male, = 74 yrs, = 42.6 and increasing time since amputation M(age) M(time) UK and long-term yrs). 82.8% of amputations reported as traumatic positively associated with adjustment to psycho-social etiology. amputation. adaptation to lower limb-loss. 3 Desmond (2007) Cross-sectional. = 138 members of BLESMA with combat-related Avoidant coping strategies associated N UK Coping strategies traumatic upper limb-loss (100% male, = 75 with psychological distress and poorer M(age) and long-term yrs, = 50 yrs). adjustment. M(time) psycho-social adaptation to upper limb-loss. 4 Dougherty Survey. Long-term 1. = 23 Vietnam veterans with combat-related Decreased physical functioning among N (1999) USA outcomes for traumatic bilateral AK amputations (100% male, Vietnam amputees. Majority had been bilateral AK = 48 yrs, = 28 yrs). employed since injury, yet few were M(age) M(time) amputees from 2. = 145 age and sex-matched controls current prosthetic users. N Vietnam War. 5 Dougherty Survey. Long-term 1. = 28 Vietnam veterans with combat-related Veterans with additional (secondary) N (2001) USA outcomes for unilateral BK amputations injuries had worse health outcomes and unilateral BK 2. = 44 Vietnam veterans with combat-related made more use of psychological support N amputees from unilateral BK amputation plus 1 other major services. ≥ Vietnam War. injury (1 and 2; 100% male, = 48 yrs, = M(age) M(time) 28 yrs)
Key: AK = above knee; BK = below knee; CTD = Cumulative trauma disorder; OIF = Operating Iraqi Freedom (Iraq); OEF = Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan); QoL = Quality of life. Table 1b: Summary of remaining studies included in systematic review Author, year and location of study Design and focus of study Participants: age (M(age)), sex, etiology of and time since limb loss (M(time)) Key findings 2 Desmond and MacLachlan (2006) UK Cross-sectional. Coping strategies and long-term psycho-social adaptation to lower limb-loss. N = 796 members of BLESMA with lower (96% male, M(age) = 74 yrs, M(time) = 42.6 yrs). 82.8% of amputations reported as traumatic etiology. Problem solving, seeking social support, and increasing time since amputation positively associated with adjustment to amputation. 3 Desmond (2007) UK Cross-sectional. Coping strategies and long-term psycho-social adaptation to upper limb-loss. N = 138 members of BLESMA with combat-related traumatic upper limb-loss (100% male, M(age) = 75 yrs, M(time) = 50 yrs). Avoidant coping strategies associated with psychological distress and poorer adjustment. 4 Dougherty (1999) USA Survey. Long-term outcomes for bilateral AK amputees from Vietnam War. 1. N = 23 Vietnam veterans with combat-related traumatic bilateral AK amputations (100% male, M(age) = 48 yrs, M(time) = 28 yrs). 2. N = 145 age and sex-matched controls Decreased physical functioning among Vietnam amputees. Majority had been employed since injury, yet few were current prosthetic users. 5 Dougherty (2001) USA Survey. Long-term outcomes for unilateral BK amputees from Vietnam War. 1. N = 28 Vietnam veterans with combat-related unilateral BK amputations 2. N = 44 Vietnam veterans with combat-related unilateral BK amputation plus ≥ 1 other major injury (1 and 2; 100% male, M(age) = 48 yrs, M(time) = 28 yrs) Veterans with additional (secondary) injuries had worse health outcomes and made more use of psychological support services.
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