McIntosh County Shouters in performance on Sapelo Island, Georgia The stamping stick also has been documented in Cuba, where it is used during funeral rites for deceased practitioners of the Yoruba-descended religion called or Called there Santería Regla de Ochá. (a name incorporating the Yoruba "stick," and "spirits of the dead"), it is struck págugu okpa, egungun, against the ground to activate spiritual forces. The painted black and often festooned with a págugu, number of variously colored ribbons, reportedly is a symbolic representation of the deceased, and as such must be as long as the person was tall (Marcuse 1975:38). Such ritual use of wooden stampers also occurs in areas of Africa other than Nigeria, the ancestral homeland Cuba's Yoruba descendants. An example is seen in the the so-called "rhythm déblés, pounders" of the Senufo people of southern Mali and northern Côte d'Ivoire. Carved in the shape of an elongated human body, usually that of a woman, are used in ceremonies of the all-male society déblés Lo (known more widely as the during which initiates hold the figures by the upper arms and pound Poro), them on the ground to keep the rhythm in rituals performed to promote the fertility of the soil and at the funerals of important society members. Lo Senufo déblé Stamping Tubes
McIntosh County Shouters in performance on Sapelo Island, Georgia The stamping stick also has been documented in Cuba, where it is used during funeral rites for deceased practitioners of the Yoruba-descended religion called Santería or Regla de Ochá. Called there págugu (a name incorporating the Yoruba okpa, "stick," and egungun, "spirits of the dead"), it is struck against the ground to activate spiritual forces. The págugu, painted black and often festooned with a number of variously colored ribbons, reportedly is a symbolic representation of the deceased, and as such must be as long as the person was tall (Marcuse 1975:38). Such ritual use of wooden stampers also occurs in areas of Africa other than Nigeria, the ancestral homeland Cuba's Yoruba descendants. An example is seen in the déblés, the so-called "rhythm pounders" of the Senufo people of southern Mali and northern Côte d'Ivoire. Carved in the shape of an elongated human body, usually that of a woman, déblés are used in ceremonies of the all-male Lo society (known more widely as the Poro), during which initiates hold the figures by the upper arms and pound them on the ground to keep the rhythm in rituals performed to promote the fertility of the soil and at the funerals of important Lo society members. Senufo déblé Stamping Tubes
African_Musical_Instrument_Surrogates_in_the_America_-_Stamped_and_Struck_Idiophones__2_.docx