Non-gang (N = 89) 4.26 0.10 Crimes against people * Gang (N = 22) 4.83 0.37 Non-gang (N = 89) 3.96 0.18 Overall delinquency ** Gang (N = 22) 25.27 1.00 Non-gang (N = 89) 18.59 0.49 Means adjusted for age and ethnicity. Note. * < .05. ** < .001. p p 4 Adjusted Means and Standard Errors for Self-esteem, Anti-Authority Attitudes, Perceived Importance of Social Status and Hypermasculinity Psychological variable M SE Self-esteem Gang (N 20) 22.04 1.32 = Non-gang (N = 95) 22.73 0.63 Anti-authority attitudes * Gang (N 20) 47.63 2.03 = Non-gang (N = 95) 39.83 0.96 Importance of social status Gang (N 20) 59.93 2.81 = Non-gang (N = 95) 55.09 1.34 Hypermasculinity Gang (N 20) 3.72 0.12 = Non-gang (N = 95) 3.77 0.06 Means adjusted for age and ethnicity. Note. * < .05. p
Non-gang (N = 89) 4.26 0.10 Crimes against people * Gang (N = 22) 4.83 0.37 Non-gang (N = 89) 3.96 0.18 Overall delinquency ** Gang (N = 22) 25.27 1.00 Non-gang (N = 89) 18.59 0.49 Note. Means adjusted for age and ethnicity. * p < .05. ** p < .001. 4 Adjusted Means and Standard Errors for Self-esteem, Anti-Authority Attitudes, Perceived Importance of Social Status and Hypermasculinity Psychological variable M SE Self-esteem Gang (N = 20) 22.04 1.32 Non-gang (N = 95) 22.73 0.63 Anti-authority attitudes * Gang (N = 20) 47.63 2.03 Non-gang (N = 95) 39.83 0.96 Importance of social status Gang (N = 20) 59.93 2.81 Non-gang (N = 95) 55.09 1.34 Hypermasculinity Gang (N = 20) 3.72 0.12 Non-gang (N = 95) 3.77 0.06 Note. Means adjusted for age and ethnicity. * p < .05.
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