Available at . Schanzenbach, Max. and Sex Disparities in Prison Sentences: The Effect of “Racial District-Level Judicial Vol. 34, pp. 57-92, Journal of Legal Studies, Demographics.” 2005. Sommers, Samuel R. and Phoebe C. Ellsworth. in the Courtroom: Perceptions of “Race Guilt and Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Dispositional Attributions.” Vol 26 (11), pp. 1367-1379, 2000. Spohn, Cassia C. Years of Sentencing Reform: The Quest for a Racially Neutral “Thirty Sentencing in Policies, Processes, and the Decisions of the Criminal Justice Process.” vol. 3. : Department of Justice, 2000. System, Steffensmeier, Darrell and and Sentencing Outcomes in U.S. Stephen Demuth. “Ethnicity Federal Courts: Who is Sociological Review, Punished More Harshly?” Vol. 65 (5), pp. 705-729, 2000. Steffensmeier, Darrell and and Sentencing Stephen Demuth. “Ethnicity Judges’ Decisions: Hispanic-Black-White Vol. 39, pp. 154-178, Criminology, Comparisons” 2001. Thomson, Randall J. and Sentencing Some Matthew T. Zingraff. “Detecting Disparity” Problems and Vol. 86 (4), pp. The American Journal of Sociology, Evidence.” 1981. Disparity in Sentencing: Evidence from Three Waldfogel, Joel. “Aggregate Inter-Judge Vol. 4, pp. 151-154, 1991. Federal Sentencing Reporter, Districts.” Waldfogel, Joel. Inter-Judge Disparity Justify Empirically Based Sentencing “Does Vol. 18:293-304, 1998. International Review of Law and Economics. Guidelines?” Zussman, Asaf and Bias in the Shadow of Moses Shayo. “Judicial Ingroup Terrorism.” Working Paper. 2010. Figure 1
Available at . Schanzenbach, Max. “Racial and Sex Disparities in Prison Sentences: The Effect of District-Level Judicial Demographics.” Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 34, pp. 57-92, 2005. Sommers, Samuel R. and Phoebe C. Ellsworth. “Race in the Courtroom: Perceptions of Guilt and Dispositional Attributions.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol 26 (11), pp. 1367-1379, 2000. Spohn, Cassia C. “Thirty Years of Sentencing Reform: The Quest for a Racially Neutral Sentencing Process.” in Policies, Processes, and the Decisions of the Criminal Justice System, vol. 3. : Department of Justice, 2000. Steffensmeier, Darrell and Stephen Demuth. “Ethnicity and Sentencing Outcomes in U.S. Federal Courts: Who is Punished More Harshly?” Sociological Review, Vol. 65 (5), pp. 705-729, 2000. Steffensmeier, Darrell and Stephen Demuth. “Ethnicity and Judges’ Sentencing Decisions: Hispanic-Black-White Comparisons” Criminology, Vol. 39, pp. 154-178, 2001. Thomson, Randall J. and Matthew T. Zingraff. “Detecting Sentencing Disparity” Some Problems and Evidence.” The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 86 (4), pp. 1981. Waldfogel, Joel. “Aggregate Inter-Judge Disparity in Sentencing: Evidence from Three Districts.” Federal Sentencing Reporter, Vol. 4, pp. 151-154, 1991. Waldfogel, Joel. “Does Inter-Judge Disparity Justify Empirically Based Sentencing Guidelines?” International Review of Law and Economics. Vol. 18:293-304, 1998. Zussman, Asaf and Moses Shayo. “Judicial Ingroup Bias in the Shadow of Terrorism.” Working Paper. 2010. Figure 1
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