Acids Mastery Booklet (F) Acids are substances that have a pH of less than 7. Alkalis have a pH of more than 7. A pH of 7 exactly is called a neutral solution. The three main acids are: Hydrochloric acid: HCl(aq) Nitric acid: HNO3(aq) Sulphuric acid: H2SO4(aq) Each of these acids produce H+ ions when dissolved in water. 1. Reactions of acids with metals When a metal is added to acid, it will react to form a salt and hydrogen gas. A salt is a compound where the hydrogen from an acid has been replaced with a metal. For example: Calcium + sulphuric acid calcium suphate + hydrogen Ca(s) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(aq) + H2(g) Here, the hydrogens from the sulphuric acid have been replaced by calcium. Hydrochloric acid makes metal chlorides Nitric acid makes metal nitrates Sulphuric acid makes metal sulphates Complete the table below. The first one has been done for you Formula of salt Name of salt Original metal Original acid NaCl Sodium chloride Sodium Hydrochloric acid LiCl lithium CaSO4 Calcium sulphate MgSO4 KNO3 Write a word equation for the reactions between: Aluminium and hydrochloric acid Magnesium and hydrochloric acid Calcium and nitric acid Beryllium and sulphuric acid Iron and sulphuric acid Write a word equation for a reaction which forms: Aluminium sulphate Calcium chloride Barium nitrate Rubidium chloride Balance the equations below: Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + H2 K + H2SO4 K2SO4 + H2 Li + H2SO4 Li2SO4 + H2 Write out full word equations for each of the below: A reaction between barium and sulphuric acid A reaction between strontium and hydrochloric acid A reaction between aluminium and sulphuric acid A reaction between iron and nitric acid (forms iron (II) nitrate) A reaction between gallium and nitric acid
Acids Mastery Booklet (F) Acids are substances that have a pH of less than 7. Alkalis have a pH of more than 7. A pH of 7 exactly is called a neutral solution. The three main acids are: Hydrochloric acid: HCl(aq) Nitric acid: HNO3(aq) Sulphuric acid: H2SO4(aq) Each of these acids produce H+ ions when dissolved in water. 1. Reactions of acids with metals When a metal is added to acid, it will react to form a salt and hydrogen gas. A salt is a compound where the hydrogen from an acid has been replaced with a metal. For example: Calcium + sulphuric acid calcium suphate + hydrogen Ca(s) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(aq) + H2(g) Here, the hydrogens from the sulphuric acid have been replaced by calcium. Hydrochloric acid makes metal chlorides Nitric acid makes metal nitrates Sulphuric acid makes metal sulphates Complete the table below. The first one has been done for you Formula of salt Name of salt Original metal Original acid NaCl Sodium chloride Sodium Hydrochloric acid LiCl lithium CaSO4 Calcium sulphate MgSO4 KNO3 Write a word equation for the reactions between: Aluminium and hydrochloric acid Magnesium and hydrochloric acid Calcium and nitric acid Beryllium and sulphuric acid Iron and sulphuric acid Write a word equation for a reaction which forms: Aluminium sulphate Calcium chloride Barium nitrate Rubidium chloride Balance the equations below: Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + H2 K + H2SO4 K2SO4 + H2 Li + H2SO4 Li2SO4 + H2 Write out full word equations for each of the below: A reaction between barium and sulphuric acid A reaction between strontium and hydrochloric acid A reaction between aluminium and sulphuric acid A reaction between iron and nitric acid (forms iron (II) nitrate) A reaction between gallium and nitric acid
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