Glass has existed as a manufactured product for over 5,000 years and it has been a continuous effort to improve the glass making process. Control schemes and sensors to provide feedback for control are crucial to effective and efficient glass manufacturing. A general overview of control schemes will be discussed from the author’s experience over the past 24 years in the glass industry along with future possibilities. One of the limits of control systems is sensors. A general overview of sensors and some of the issues and needs will therefore be covered. Application examples of control and sensor performance and related issues will be presented. Keywords: glass melting control, sensor for glass furnaces, thermocouples, process control 20. Electrochemical sensors for high temperature application in mass glass production: available techniques, possibilities and limitations Hayo Müller-Simon, HVG-DGG, Offenbach, Germany The prevailing glass melting process is highly effective with respect to economy as well as ecology. As such it requires real-time information about important process parameters like partial pressures or concentrations of critical components in melts, for instance sulfur which is commonly used as a refining agent during melting. But, sulfur species are simultaneously unwanted components of the emitted waste gases of the melting process or in the protective gas of float chambers. Some of this information (concentrations in melts or gases) can be achieved even at high process temperature by means of electrochemical sensors. In recent years electrochemical sensors became increasingly available for that purpose. Applications in gases and melts will be demonstrated for the float glass and container glass production. The different working modes - potentiometric or amperometric -, signal reliabilities, control properties, corrosion behavior and lifetime will be discussed. Keywords: polyvalent ions, electrochemical sensors, oxygen activity, sensor robustness, glass melt, tin melt, flue gases, sulfur 21. In-line oxygen sensors for the glass melt and the tin bath Paul Laimböck, Read-Ox & Consultancy B.V., Valkenswaard, the Netherlands p.laimbock@readox.com
Glass has existed as a manufactured product for over 5,000 years and it has been a continuous effort to improve the glass making process. Control schemes and sensors to provide feedback for control are crucial to effective and efficient glass manufacturing. A general overview of control schemes will be discussed from the author’s experience over the past 24 years in the glass industry along with future possibilities. One of the limits of control systems is sensors. A general overview of sensors and some of the issues and needs will therefore be covered. Application examples of control and sensor performance and related issues will be presented. Keywords: glass melting control, sensor for glass furnaces, thermocouples, process control 20. Electrochemical sensors for high temperature application in mass glass production: available techniques, possibilities and limitations Hayo Müller-Simon, HVG-DGG, Offenbach, Germany The prevailing glass melting process is highly effective with respect to economy as well as ecology. As such it requires real-time information about important process parameters like partial pressures or concentrations of critical components in melts, for instance sulfur which is commonly used as a refining agent during melting. But, sulfur species are simultaneously unwanted components of the emitted waste gases of the melting process or in the protective gas of float chambers. Some of this information (concentrations in melts or gases) can be achieved even at high process temperature by means of electrochemical sensors. In recent years electrochemical sensors became increasingly available for that purpose. Applications in gases and melts will be demonstrated for the float glass and container glass production. The different working modes - potentiometric or amperometric -, signal reliabilities, control properties, corrosion behavior and lifetime will be discussed. Keywords: polyvalent ions, electrochemical sensors, oxygen activity, sensor robustness, glass melt, tin melt, flue gases, sulfur 21. In-line oxygen sensors for the glass melt and the tin bath Paul Laimböck, Read-Ox & Consultancy B.V., Valkenswaard, the Netherlands p.laimbock@readox.com
Agenda%20and%20Abstracts%20%20Innovation%20in%20Glass%20Production%20ICG-GlassTrend%2010-12%20April%202013%20Van%20Abbe%20Eindhoven.docx