SECTION I: PASTURE LANDS FOR GRAZING LIVESTOCK 1) These lands, comprising about half of the farm holdings, are down to for about ‘laid grass’ five years, for pasturing livestock (sheep and/or cattle), allowing these lands to regain their fertility and store up large stocks of nitrogen. If the livestock are also -- i.e., from ‘stall-fed’ fodder crops outside the pasture -- their manure will add net amounts of nitrogen compounds to the soil 2) After five or so years, these pasture lands are up for to follow the ‘ploughed arable’, crop system indicated below for Section II (the other half of the farm holdings). After another five years, these lands, now arable, are again down to to serve as pasture ‘laid grass’ lands for the following five years. SECTION II: THE ARABLE FIELDS (with no fallow): comprising the other half. ARABLE FIELD A: WINTER GRAINS: Wheat and/or Rye grains ARABLE FIELD B: THE NEW LEGUMES: Clover, Alfalfa (Lucerne), and Sainfoin grasses (high nitrogen-fixing properties), as animal fodder crops ARABLE FIELD C: PULSES: Beans and Peas (low in nitrogen-fixing properties, for human consumption) ARABLE FIELD D: SUMMER GRAINS: Barley (for beer) and Oats (to feed both humans and horses) OTHER NEW CROPS: Coleseed and Rapeseed (for both industrial oils ARABLE FIELD E: and animal fodder); or Turnips (chiefly for animal fodder) Crops Grown Under Multiple Crop Rotations in Convertible Husbandry (or in not new, but much ‘New’ ‘Norfolk Farming’): more widely diffused in the 17th & 18th centuries.
SECTION I: PASTURE LANDS FOR GRAZING LIVESTOCK 1) These lands, comprising about half of the farm holdings, are ‘laid down to grass’ for about five years, for pasturing livestock (sheep and/or cattle), allowing these lands to regain their fertility and store up large stocks of nitrogen. If the livestock are also ‘stall-fed’ -- i.e., from fodder crops outside the pasture -- their manure will add net amounts of nitrogen compounds to the soil 2) After five or so years, these pasture lands are ‘ploughed up for arable’, to follow the crop system indicated below for Section II (the other half of the farm holdings). After another five years, these lands, now arable, are again ‘laid down to grass’ to serve as pasture lands for the following five years. SECTION II: THE ARABLE FIELDS (with no fallow): comprising the other half. ARABLE FIELD A: WINTER GRAINS: Wheat and/or Rye grains ARABLE FIELD B: THE NEW LEGUMES: Clover, Alfalfa (Lucerne), and Sainfoin grasses (high nitrogen-fixing properties), as animal fodder crops ARABLE FIELD C: PULSES: Beans and Peas (low in nitrogen-fixing properties, for human consumption) ARABLE FIELD D: SUMMER GRAINS: Barley (for beer) and Oats (to feed both humans and horses) ARABLE FIELD E: OTHER NEW CROPS: Coleseed and Rapeseed (for both industrial oils and animal fodder); or Turnips (chiefly for animal fodder) ‘New’ Crops Grown Under Multiple Crop Rotations in Convertible Husbandry (or in ‘Norfolk Farming’): not new, but much more widely diffused in the 17th & 18th centuries.
06agrarrev.docx