4.(a) State the objective of animal breeding. (b) List the importance and limitations of inbreeding. How can the limitations be overcome? (c) Give an example of a new breed each of cattle and poultry. CHAPTER 10 : Microbes in human welfare 1. Explain the process of sewage water treatment before it can be discharged into natural water bodies. Why is this treatment essential? 2. (a) Name the category of microbes occurring naturally in sewage and making it less polluted during the treatment. (b) Explain the different steps involved in the secondary treatment of sewage. CHAPTER 11: Biotechnology : Principles and processes 1.(a) Why are engineered vectors preferred by biotechnologists for transferring the desired genes into another organism? (b) Explain how do and facilitate cloning into a “ori”, “selectable markers” “cloning sites” vector. 2.(i) Describe the characteristics that a cloning vector must possess. (ii) Why DNA cannot pass through the cell membrane? Explain. How is a bacterial cell made to take up recombinant DNA from the medium? ‘competent’ 3.If a desired gene is identified in an organism for some experiments, explain the process of the following: (i) Cutting this desired gene at specific location. (ii) Synthesis of multiple copies of this desired gene. 4.(a) With the help of diagrams show the different steps in the formation of recombinant DNA by action of restriction endonuclease enzyme EcoRI. (b) Name the technique that is used for separating the fragments of DNA cut by restriction endonucleases. 5.(a) Describe the process of synthesis of fully functional mRNA in a eukaryotic cell. (b) How is this process of mRNA synthesis different from that in prokaryotes? 6. (a) Explain the role of in the formation of recombinant DNA. EcoRI (b) Explain insertional inactivation used in the selection of recombinants in biotechnology experiments. CHAPTER 12 : Biotechnology and its applications
4.(a) State the objective of animal breeding. (b) List the importance and limitations of inbreeding. How can the limitations be overcome? (c) Give an example of a new breed each of cattle and poultry. CHAPTER 10 : Microbes in human welfare 1. Explain the process of sewage water treatment before it can be discharged into natural water bodies. Why is this treatment essential? 2. (a) Name the category of microbes occurring naturally in sewage and making it less polluted during the treatment. (b) Explain the different steps involved in the secondary treatment of sewage. CHAPTER 11: Biotechnology : Principles and processes 1.(a) Why are engineered vectors preferred by biotechnologists for transferring the desired genes into another organism? (b) Explain how do “ori”, “selectable markers” and “cloning sites” facilitate cloning into a vector. 2.(i) Describe the characteristics that a cloning vector must possess. (ii) Why DNA cannot pass through the cell membrane? Explain. How is a bacterial cell made ‘competent’ to take up recombinant DNA from the medium? 3.If a desired gene is identified in an organism for some experiments, explain the process of the following: (i) Cutting this desired gene at specific location. (ii) Synthesis of multiple copies of this desired gene. 4.(a) With the help of diagrams show the different steps in the formation of recombinant DNA by action of restriction endonuclease enzyme EcoRI. (b) Name the technique that is used for separating the fragments of DNA cut by restriction endonucleases. 5.(a) Describe the process of synthesis of fully functional mRNA in a eukaryotic cell. (b) How is this process of mRNA synthesis different from that in prokaryotes? 6. (a) Explain the role of EcoRI in the formation of recombinant DNA. (b) Explain insertional inactivation used in the selection of recombinants in biotechnology experiments. CHAPTER 12 : Biotechnology and its applications
781669947question_bank__biology_044.docx