e.g. natal at multiple dispersal, locations inter-annual concurrently, movements e.g. between colonies of breeding birds. (Meta) As complete as population possible data on sizes of demographic relevant parameters of bird species, the relevant as well as species for the estimates of populations (meta) frequenting the population North Sea parameters such as success, mortality, life expectancy, etc. What are Information on direct mortality (e.g. net of entanglement) cumulative or indirect impacts? impacts mortality (e.g. across all displacement industries from shipping, which may changes to directly or discards, etc) indirectly and ability to limit marine quantify the bird magnitude of populations. these impacts, relative to offshore wind energy industry impacts. What are Baseline the information on impacts population size, of OWF of demographic relative to climate rates and other change and information on causes of an how these change with change, of variables such e.g. mechanism, as SST and climate e.g. change prey. change? in prey availability reduces productivity How Rate of Year-round many collisions or species-specific die from an estimate empirical data collisions from across multiple
e.g. natal dispersal, inter-annual movements between colonies of breeding birds. at multiple locations concurrently, e.g. (Meta) population sizes of relevant bird species, as well as estimates of (meta) population parameters such as success, mortality, life expectancy, etc. As complete as possible data on demographic parameters of the relevant species for the populations frequenting the North Sea What are impacts? of cumulative impacts across all industries which may directly or indirectly limit marine bird populations. Information on direct mortality (e.g. net entanglement) or indirect mortality (e.g. displacement from shipping, changes to discards, etc) and ability to quantify the magnitude of these impacts, relative to offshore wind energy industry impacts. What are the impacts of OWF relative to other causes of change, e.g. climate change? of climate change and an of mechanism, e.g. change in prey availability reduces Baseline information on population size, demographic rates and information on how these change with variables such as SST and prey. How many die from collisions Rate of collisions or an estimate from Year-round species-specific empirical data across multiple productivity
aewa_tc13_11_discussion_%20paper_multiple_impacts_en.docx