31 Ali et al(2004) India, Pakistan Independent Univariate, and Size, financial leverage, Ordinary Bangladesh multinational, size of external auditor Least Square, and profitability. Dependent and Unweighted (equal Factor weight/dichotomous) disclosure Index analysis 32 Prencipe(2004) Italy Independent OLS Correspondence between segments, regression growth rate, listing status, age, ownership dilution, profitability, size, leverage. Dependent Weighted and unweighted disclosure index. 33 Akhtaruddin (2005) Bangladesh Independent Univariate and Company size, company age, Industry Ordinary type, profitability. Least Square Dependent (OLS) Unweighted (equal weight/dichotomous) disclosure Index 34 Al-Shammari(2005) Bahrain, Independent Company size, country of origin, Saudi Industry type, profitability, leverage, Arabia, United liquidity, auditor, internationality, Arab Emirates ownership dilution, company age. Dependent Unweighted (equal weight/dichotomous) disclosure Index 35 Daske and Germany, Log of market capitalization, log of Multiple Gebhardt(2006) Switzerland assets, average number of analysts, Linear and Austria total debt to market capitalization, Regression, PPE to total assets and return on Correlation assets. and Univariate 36 Iatridis (2006) United Independent Binary kingdom Size, growth, profitability, liquidity, Logistic leverage, taxation, management Regression Dependent and Binary test. 37 Barako(2007) Kenya Independent Univariate, Board composition, leadership Ordinary structure, Board size, audit Least Square committee, shareholder concentration, (OLS) with foreign ownership, institutional ownership, firm size, external auditor firm, leverage, profitability, Standard liquidity,industry type. Errors Dependent (PCSEs). Weighted disclosure index Source: Compiled from the literature reviewed by the researcher (2009)
31 Ali et al(2004) India, Pakistan and Bangladesh Independent Size, financial leverage, multinational, size of external auditor and profitability. Dependent Unweighted (equal weight/dichotomous) disclosure Index Univariate, Ordinary Least Square, and Factor analysis 32 Prencipe(2004) Italy Independent Correspondence between segments, growth rate, listing status, age, ownership dilution, profitability, size, leverage. Dependent Weighted and unweighted disclosure index. OLS regression 33 Akhtaruddin (2005) Bangladesh Independent Company size, company age, Industry type, profitability. Dependent Unweighted (equal weight/dichotomous) disclosure Index Univariate and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) 34 Al-Shammari(2005) Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates Independent Company size, country of origin, Industry type, profitability, leverage, liquidity, auditor, internationality, ownership dilution, company age. Dependent Unweighted (equal weight/dichotomous) disclosure Index 35 Daske and Gebhardt(2006) Germany, Switzerland and Austria Log of market capitalization, log of assets, average number of analysts, total debt to market capitalization, PPE to total assets and return on assets. Multiple Linear Regression, Correlation and Univariate 36 Iatridis (2006) United kingdom Independent Size, growth, profitability, liquidity, leverage, taxation, management Dependent Binary Binary Logistic Regression and test. 37 Barako(2007) Kenya Independent Board composition, leadership structure, Board size, audit committee, shareholder concentration, foreign ownership, institutional ownership, firm size, external auditor firm, leverage, profitability, liquidity,industry type. Dependent Weighted disclosure index Univariate, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) with Standard Errors (PCSEs). Source: Compiled from the literature reviewed by the researcher (2009)
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