Table 3 Characteristics of diseases important for production and trade Disease Geographical Transmission Survival outside Potential for Zoonotic Effects on distribution and reservoirs host transboundary potential production and spread trade FMD Worldwide (Not N Highly contagious; Sensitive to low pH; High, mainly via live None Production: Most America, Australia, direct contact with cannot survive in animals and severe in disease that New Zealand and infected animals and matured muscle but meat dairy affects most of Europe) material; airborne in survives for long cattle and in pigs animals special conditions periods in lymphoid and camelids Trade: Trade bans tissues, bone African buffalo during outbreaks marrow, and in (Syncerus caffer) are and permanent some dairy the reservoir host market exclusion products for producers in endemic areas PPR North, West and Direct contact with Ability to survive Spread is by live None Production: Can Central Africa as infected animals and outside the host is infected animals cause high Viral disease of far south as material; airborne poor and the potential for mortality and also sheep and goats Tanzania; over short distances spread is high production losses Asia Trade: Uninfected countries might ban live goats from infected countries RVF Africa (including Transmission to Sensitive to Spread is probably RVF virus causes Major losses can Madagascar) and animals is by a temperature and mainly by live mild to occur due to Serious the Near East number of species of pH; long-term infected animals; occasionally abortions and death disease of mosquitoes may serious and even of young animals
Table 3 Characteristics of diseases important for production and trade Disease Geographical distribution Transmission and reservoirs Survival outside host Potential for transboundary spread Zoonotic potential Effects on production and trade FMD disease that affects animals and camelids Worldwide (Not N America, Australia, New Zealand and most of Europe) Highly contagious; direct contact with infected animals and material; airborne in special conditions African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) are the reservoir host Sensitive to low pH; cannot survive in matured muscle but survives for long periods in lymphoid tissues, bone marrow, and in some dairy products High, mainly via live animals and meat None Production: Most severe in dairy cattle and in pigs Trade: Trade bans during outbreaks and permanent market exclusion for producers in endemic areas PPR Viral disease of sheep and goats North, West and Central Africa as far south as Tanzania; Asia Direct contact with infected animals and material; airborne over short distances Ability to survive outside the host is poor Spread is by live infected animals and the potential for spread is high None Production: Can cause high mortality and also production losses Trade: Uninfected countries might ban live goats from infected countries RVF Serious disease of Africa (including Madagascar) and the Near East Transmission to animals is by a number of species of Sensitive to temperature and pH; long-term Spread is probably mainly by live infected animals; mosquitoes may RVF virus causes mild to occasionally serious and even Major losses can occur due to abortions and death of young animals
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