Child Demographics Age at Assessment (months) <0.001ᵏ 84.2 (16.3) 90.6 (17.5) 76.7 (13.0) 71.9 (6.5) 85.8 (12.6) Mean (SD) Gestational Age (weeks) 0.631ᵏ No Medication Gabapentin Topiramate Levetiracetam Valproate 39.0 (2.4) 38.7 (3.0) 39.1 (3.6) 39.5 (1.8) 38.9 (2.6) Mean,(SD) N=55 N=14 N=27 N=42 N=47 Child Gender 0.230† Mean n, % Mean n, % Mean n, % Mean n % Mean n, % 22, 40% 9, 64% 15, 56% 15, 36% 23, 49% <85 <85 <85 <85 <85 N, % female (SD) (SD) (SD) (SD) (SD) Sibling 0.134‡ 99.7 3,6% 103.6 100.5 99.0 95.9 1, 1.9% 2, 14.3% 1, 3.7% 3, 7.1% 6, 12.8% Full Scale IQ 1,8% 3,12% 5,12% 9,19% N,% yes (13.6) (12.9) (13.2) (13.6) (14.1) + education in addition to compulsory.* full or part time employment combined. ^ based on parental employment type. £ preconceptual only. ~ greater than 5% missing data. # test of significance: †chi square or ‡Fisher’s exact for dichotomous data, and for continuous data either when the normality assumption of the residuals and variance homogeneity is ᵃANOVA passed or otherwise. ᵏKruskal-Wallis Key: N = number; SD = standard deviation; mg/d = milligrams daily; IGE = idiopathic generalised epilepsy; FC = focal epilepsy; UC= unclassified epilepsy; IEP = individual educational plan. Table 2: Unadjusted means, standard errors and rates below average performance by group for primary cognitive outcomes.
Child Demographics Age at Assessment (months) Mean (SD) 84.2 (16.3) 90.6 (17.5) 76.7 (13.0) 71.9 (6.5) 85.8 (12.6) <0.001ᵏ Gestational Age (weeks) Mean,(SD) 39.0 (2.4) 38.7 (3.0) 39.1 (3.6) 39.5 (1.8) 38.9 (2.6) 0.631ᵏ Child Gender N, % female 22, 40% 9, 64% 15, 56% 15, 36% 23, 49% 0.230† Sibling N,% yes 1, 1.9% 2, 14.3% 1, 3.7% 3, 7.1% 6, 12.8% 0.134‡ + education in addition to compulsory.* full or part time employment combined. ^ based on parental employment type. £ preconceptual only. ~ greater than 5% missing data. # test of significance: †chi square or ‡Fisher’s exact for dichotomous data, and for continuous data either ᵃANOVA when the normality assumption of the residuals and variance homogeneity is passed or ᵏKruskal-Wallis otherwise. Key: N = number; SD = standard deviation; mg/d = milligrams daily; IGE = idiopathic generalised epilepsy; FC = focal epilepsy; UC= unclassified epilepsy; IEP = individual educational plan. Table 2: Unadjusted means, standard errors and rates below average performance by group for primary cognitive outcomes. No Medication N=55 Gabapentin N=14 Topiramate N=27 Levetiracetam N=42 Valproate N=47 Mean (SD) n, % <85 Mean (SD) n, % <85 Mean (SD) n, % <85 Mean (SD) n % <85 Mean (SD) n, % <85 Full Scale IQ 99.7 (13.6) 3,6% 103.6 (12.9) 1,8% 100.5 (13.2) 3,12% 99.0 (13.6) 5,12% 95.9 (14.1) 9,19%
Accepted_Bromley_et_al_School_aged_cognition_in_children_exposed_to_levetiracetam.docx