(3) Product substitution: competition from new sources of carbohydrates in Europe, especially potatoes, corn (maize), and rice. v) As evidence for a continued growth in grain production, we find that England itself had become a major net exporter of grain from later 17th century (perhaps as a consequence of prior enclosures), as the tables on the screen show: The Baltic and English Grain Export Trades Average Annual Exports in Quarters (of 8 bushels)* 1600-49 to 1700-49 PERIOD BALTIC** ENGLAND TOTAL 719,250 ? ? 1600-59 585,900 26,250 612,150 1650-99 1700-49 325,500 453,600 779,100 * 1 Quarter = 8 bushels = 64 gallons of grain = 480 lb. (1 bu. = 60 lb.; 6 x 80 = 480 lb.) * about 80% on the seaborne Baltic grain exports, on average, was carried in Dutch ships (a higher proportion in the earlier than in the later periods). Average Annual English Grain Exports in Quarters (of 8 bushels), 1700-09 to 1760-69 Decade Grain Exports in Quarters
(3) Product substitution: competition from new sources of carbohydrates in Europe, especially potatoes, corn (maize), and rice. v) As evidence for a continued growth in grain production, we find that England itself had become a major net exporter of grain from later 17th century (perhaps as a consequence of prior enclosures), as the tables on the screen show: The Baltic and English Grain Export Trades Average Annual Exports in Quarters (of 8 bushels)* 1600-49 to 1700-49 PERIOD BALTIC** ENGLAND TOTAL 1600-59 719,250 ? ? 1650-99 585,900 26,250 612,150 1700-49 325,500 453,600 779,100 * 1 Quarter = 8 bushels = 64 gallons of grain = 480 lb. (1 bu. = 60 lb.; 6 x 80 = 480 lb.) * about 80% on the seaborne Baltic grain exports, on average, was carried in Dutch ships (a higher proportion in the earlier than in the later periods). Average Annual English Grain Exports in Quarters (of 8 bushels), 1700-09 to 1760-69 Decade Grain Exports in Quarters
06agrarrev.docx