Constants and Formulae Avogadro's constant, = 6.0221×1023 mol–1 NA Boltzmann constant, = 1.3807×10–23 J K–1 kB Universal gas constant, 8.3145 J K–1 mol–1 = 0.08205 atm L K–1 mol–1 R = Speed of light, 2.9979×108 m s–1 c = Planck's constant, 6.6261×10–34 J s h = Faraday constant, = 9.64853399×104 C F Mass of electron, = 9.10938215×10–31 kg me Standard pressure, = 1 bar = 105 Pa P Atmospheric pressure, = 1.01325×105 Pa = 760 mmHg = 760 torr Patm Zero of the Celsius scale, 273.15 K 1 picometer (pm) = 10–12 m; 1 Å = 10-10 m; nanometer (nm) 10–9 m = 1 eV = 1.6 × 10-19 J 1 amu = 1.66053904 × 10-27 kg Ideal gas equation: = PV nRT Enthalpy: = H U PV – Gibbs free energy: = G H TS – Entropy change: , where is heat for the reversible process qrev (for isothermal expansion of an ideal gas) Nernst equation: Energy of a photon: Lambert-Beer law: Integrated rate law Zero order First order Second order Arrhenius equation Periodic table of elements
Constants and Formulae Avogadro's constant, NA = 6.0221×1023 mol–1 Boltzmann constant, kB = 1.3807×10–23 J K–1 Universal gas constant, R = 8.3145 J K–1 mol–1 = 0.08205 atm L K–1 mol–1 Speed of light, c = 2.9979×108 m s–1 Planck's constant, h = 6.6261×10–34 J s Faraday constant, F = 9.64853399×104 C Mass of electron, me = 9.10938215×10–31 kg Standard pressure, P = 1 bar = 105 Pa Atmospheric pressure, Patm = 1.01325×105 Pa = 760 mmHg = 760 torr Zero of the Celsius scale, 273.15 K 1 picometer (pm) = 10–12 m; 1 Å = 10-10 m; nanometer (nm) = 10–9 m 1 eV = 1.6 × 10-19 J 1 amu = 1.66053904 × 10-27 kg Ideal gas equation: PV = nRT Enthalpy: H = U – PV Gibbs free energy: G = H – TS Entropy change: , where qrev is heat for the reversible process (for isothermal expansion of an ideal gas) Nernst equation: Energy of a photon: Lambert-Beer law: Integrated rate law Zero order First order Second order Arrhenius equation Periodic table of elements
49th_IChO_PreparatoryProblem.docx