Aktobe 16 0 40-60 kg/h 6 Almaty (region) 3 0 360-3,000 kg/day 1 Atyrau 8 26 No data 1 East Kazakhstan 4 307 20-200 kg/h 0 Karaganda 5 0 No data 0 Kostanai 4 1 10-100 kg/h 1 Kyzylorda 10 348 50-150 kg/h 0 Mangistau 4 34 100-150 kg/h 1 40 kg/h, North Kazakhstan 4 0 3 tonnes in one 0 cycle Pavlodar 9 0 10-100 kg/h 0 South Kazakhstan 2 0 180-1,000 kg/h 0 West Kazakhstan 5 5 12-100 kg/h 1 Zhambyl 4 362 10-50 kg/h 0 Astana (city) 3 1 50-700 kg/h 0 50 kg/h, Almaty (city) 3 1 0 3 tonnes/day The legal framework in Kazakhstan does not establish a national emission standard for waste incineration nor sets any other specific technical conditions for the incineration process. However, like any other kind of waste treatment installation, an incinerator is a subject of environmental impact assessment and has to obtain a permit for waste disposal before equipment commissioning. The permit sets down emission requirements for certain pollutants for which environmental fee is obligatory, but those requirements do not include uPOPs and heavy metals. Test burns are not completed, but instead their releases are calculated theoretically during facility permitting process, which then should be self-monitored and by installation owners. Hence, in practical terms, the emission control and monitoring during waste incineration is not carried out at all. The environmental situation is significantly worsened due to the commonly practiced chlorination (disinfection) of infectious healthcare waste before incineration which leads to even more elevated PCDD/Fs emissions during waste burning and/or chlorine substances released at landfills as well. Additional environmental problem is caused by resulting formal classification of the incineration residues as municipal waste and their subsequent disposal in landfills not specifically engineered for that purpose. Because the exact information on quantity of waste burnt by each installation is not available, an estimation presented in Table 7 was prepared to determine potential releases of PCDD/Fs from healthcare waste incineration in Kazakhstan. For both types of incinerators, the regionally available quantity of waste was taken into account, and minimal quantities of waste and operation time were used in assumptions.
Aktobe 16 0 40-60 kg/h 6 Almaty (region) 3 0 360-3,000 kg/day 1 Atyrau 8 26 No data 1 East Kazakhstan 4 307 20-200 kg/h 0 Karaganda 5 0 No data 0 Kostanai 4 1 10-100 kg/h 1 Kyzylorda 10 348 50-150 kg/h 0 Mangistau 4 34 100-150 kg/h 1 North Kazakhstan 4 0 40 kg/h, 3 tonnes in one cycle 0 Pavlodar 9 0 10-100 kg/h 0 South Kazakhstan 2 0 180-1,000 kg/h 0 West Kazakhstan 5 5 12-100 kg/h 1 Zhambyl 4 362 10-50 kg/h 0 Astana (city) 3 1 50-700 kg/h 0 Almaty (city) 3 1 50 kg/h, 3 tonnes/day 0 The legal framework in Kazakhstan does not establish a national emission standard for waste incineration nor sets any other specific technical conditions for the incineration process. However, like any other kind of waste treatment installation, an incinerator is a subject of environmental impact assessment and has to obtain a permit for waste disposal before equipment commissioning. The permit sets down emission requirements for certain pollutants for which environmental fee is obligatory, but those requirements do not include uPOPs and heavy metals. Test burns are not completed, but instead their releases are calculated theoretically during facility permitting process, which then should be self-monitored and by installation owners. Hence, in practical terms, the emission control and monitoring during waste incineration is not carried out at all. The environmental situation is significantly worsened due to the commonly practiced chlorination (disinfection) of infectious healthcare waste before incineration which leads to even more elevated PCDD/Fs emissions during waste burning and/or chlorine substances released at landfills as well. Additional environmental problem is caused by resulting formal classification of the incineration residues as municipal waste and their subsequent disposal in landfills not specifically engineered for that purpose. Because the exact information on quantity of waste burnt by each installation is not available, an estimation presented in Table 7 was prepared to determine potential releases of PCDD/Fs from healthcare waste incineration in Kazakhstan. For both types of incinerators, the regionally available quantity of waste was taken into account, and minimal quantities of waste and operation time were used in assumptions.
4612_KAZ_UNDP_ProDoc%20vFinal.docx