more often found in control wildlife Decreased ranches, resulting in movement outside the accessibility of water increased HWC. The PA (removal of sources. Lantana typically shy eland, which Lantana around PA camara, a perennial had never before gone to water sources, shrub, has spread banana plantations to feed, physical boundaries into LMNP. It forms now are found eating between the PA dense thickets, matoke (Onsite interview, and communities at blocking tracks that August 2016). risk, vegetation animals take down to Higher temperatures boundaries, the lake (the only unpalatable crops, water source in dry Disease transmission. revegetating areas in seasons) which is When wildlife wander the PA with palatable now inaccessible in Droughts outside PA boundaries, grasses, etc.). many areas of the they come into contact park. Animals Support district with livestock, and disease instead go outside the veterinary officers to transmission can result. park or go to the monitor and manage Severe dry spells Wildlife carry ticks and swamps, where tick-borne diseases tick-borne diseases that they get stuck in the and other diseases can be transferred to mud and sometimes transmissible from wildlife and treating die. wildlife to livestock. Erratic rains livestock to kill ticks is expensive. Tick-borne disease in livestock are already a problem for livestock keepers in the surrounding communities, and would be expected to continue and possibly worsen. Disruption of birth and movement of wildlife, previously attuned to changes in vegetation and the Disruption of seasonal start and end of the patterns. rainy and dry
Higher temperatures Droughts Severe dry spells Erratic rains Decreased accessibility of water sources. Lantana camara, a perennial shrub, has spread into LMNP. It forms dense thickets, blocking tracks that animals take down to the lake (the only water source in dry seasons) which is now inaccessible in many areas of the park. Animals instead go outside the park or go to the swamps, where they get stuck in the mud and sometimes die. more often found in ranches, resulting in increased HWC. The typically shy eland, which had never before gone to banana plantations to feed, now are found eating matoke (Onsite interview, August 2016). Disease transmission. When wildlife wander outside PA boundaries, they come into contact with livestock, and disease transmission can result. Wildlife carry ticks and tick-borne diseases that can be transferred to wildlife and treating livestock to kill ticks is expensive. Tick-borne disease in livestock are already a problem for livestock keepers in the surrounding communities, and would be expected to continue and possibly worsen. control wildlife movement outside the PA (removal of Lantana around PA water sources, physical boundaries between the PA and communities at risk, vegetation boundaries, unpalatable crops, revegetating areas in the PA with palatable grasses, etc.). Support district veterinary officers to monitor and manage tick-borne diseases and other diseases transmissible from wildlife to livestock. Disruption of seasonal patterns. Disruption of birth and movement of wildlife, previously attuned to changes in vegetation and the start and end of the rainy and dry
50527.docx