due to lack of familiarity with technology Recovery and use of Recovery of associated gas Increased energy Found to be profitable Financial: Financial Gas study (see references in gas from oil fields from the seven available oil supply; improved with CDM benefits in attractiveness of such and energy section) (2.0 MtCO2e/yr) fields and use for power safety at oil fields one project in Vietnam investment and common generation or heating practice are key barriers (2.0 MtCO2e/yr) Coal bed methane Recovery and utilization of Increased energy Shown to be profitable Technical: Not a proven recovery from methane gas from coal supply; improved internationally, but technology in Vietnam and underground coal mines: 20% of underground safety at oil fields never tried in Vietnam lack of experience in mines coal mines in country design (2.5 MtCO2e/yr) (0.50 MtCO2e/yr) Subcritical energy Energy efficiency Decreased energy Typically profitable Technical: Lack of efficiency improvement in the three demand but less so than for familiarity with regard to improvements in old largest pre-2001 coal plants new plants the energy-efficient coal-fired power by applying subcritical technologies in old plants plants technology Financial: Investment (4.2MtCO2e/yr) (2.7 MtCO2e/yr) costs of retrofitting plants are high; there are differing opinions as to whether or not this mitigation option is viable at this time Supercritical energy Adoption of supercritical Decreased energy Profitable in other Technical: Supercritical efficiency boilers in 50% of new demand countries but never boilers are new improvements in power plants tried in Vietnam technologies to Vietnam new coal-fired constructed from 2010 to Financial: Upfront power plants 2015 investment costs are high (19.0 MtCO2e/yr) (9.5 MtCO2e/yr)
due to lack of familiarity with technology Recovery and use of gas from oil fields (2.0 MtCO2e/yr) Recovery of associated gas from the seven available oil fields and use for power generation or heating (2.0 MtCO2e/yr) Increased energy supply; improved safety at oil fields Found to be profitable with CDM benefits in one project in Vietnam Financial: Financial attractiveness of such and investment and common practice are key barriers Gas study (see references in energy section) Coal bed methane recovery from underground coal mines (2.5 MtCO2e/yr) Recovery and utilization of methane gas from coal mines: 20% of underground coal mines in country (0.50 MtCO2e/yr) Increased energy supply; improved safety at oil fields Shown to be profitable internationally, but never tried in Vietnam Technical: Not a proven technology in Vietnam and lack of experience in design Subcritical energy efficiency improvements in old coal-fired power plants (4.2MtCO2e/yr) Energy efficiency improvement in the three largest pre-2001 coal plants by applying subcritical technology (2.7 MtCO2e/yr) Decreased energy demand Typically profitable but less so than for new plants Technical: Lack of familiarity with regard to the energy-efficient technologies in old plants Financial: Investment costs of retrofitting plants are high; there are differing opinions as to whether or not this mitigation option is viable at this time Supercritical energy efficiency improvements in new coal-fired power plants (19.0 MtCO2e/yr) Adoption of supercritical boilers in 50% of new power plants constructed from 2010 to 2015 (9.5 MtCO2e/yr) Decreased energy demand Profitable in other countries but never tried in Vietnam Technical: Supercritical boilers are new technologies to Vietnam Financial: Upfront investment costs are high
677080WP00PUBL0C0Strategy0VN0Final.docx