Table 1. Indicators related to Porter's Five Forces based on authors Swaan Shafi'i Lee How & and and et Gabriel et Dess effects Indicators Force Jalili Alavi al. al. on No. standardization of products 1 Quality products of manufacturers 2 Manufacturers strive to lead the 3 industry costs Economy of scale 4 Initial investment needed to enter the 5 entrants industry Proprietary technology 6 new of Suitable location 7 Required knowledge and expertise Threat 8 number of distribution networks 9 Government support for producers in 10 the industry Access of manufacturers to raw 11 materials switching cost 12 number of buyers 1 volume of purchases per buyer 2 information of Buyers buyers 3 of switching cost 4 power Customer sensitivity to price 5 standardization of products 6 Product quality of manufacturers 7 Bargaining Number of suppliers 1 Quality Products Suppliers of 2 Take advantage of alternative raw 3 power materials importance of the industry for 4 suppliers suppliers switching cost 5 Bargaining arrival of substitute goods 1 Quality and favorable price of alternative products 2 Threat Customer interest in new products 3 substitutes Industry growth 1 number of competitors 2 Plus any manufacturer's production 3 capacity Costs out of the industry 4 competitors Fixed costs (storage, etc.) 5 manufacturers among switching cost 6 Standardized Products Rivalry 7
Table 1. Indicators related to Porter's Five Forces based on authors Force No. Indicators How effects on Dess Lee et al. Swaan & Gabriel et al. and Alavi Shafi'i and Jalili Threat of new entrants 1 standardization of products 2 Quality products of manufacturers 3 Manufacturers strive to lead the industry costs 4 Economy of scale 5 Initial investment needed to enter the industry 6 Proprietary technology 7 Suitable location 8 Required knowledge and expertise 9 number of distribution networks 10 Government support for producers in the industry 11 Access of manufacturers to raw materials 12 switching cost Bargaining power of buyers 1 number of buyers 2 volume of purchases per buyer 3 information of Buyers 4 switching cost 5 Customer sensitivity to price 6 standardization of products 7 Product quality of manufacturers Bargaining power of suppliers 1 Number of suppliers 2 Quality Products Suppliers 3 Take advantage of alternative raw materials 4 importance of the industry for suppliers 5 switching cost Threat of substitutes 1 arrival of substitute goods 2 Quality and favorable price alternative products 3 Customer interest in new products Rivalry among competitors 1 Industry growth 2 number of competitors 3 Plus any manufacturer's production capacity 4 Costs out of the industry 5 Fixed costs (storage, etc.) manufacturers 6 switching cost 7 Standardized Products
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