from South East Asia of pig iron (531,000 tons) and long products (8,634) pig iron Iron and Steel Institute Reheating for Electric Arc (SEAISI) 2006 Country Furnace: 31 t CO2/ton Reports and Steel long product Statistical Report Based on review of Vietnam and international studies Cogeneration in Actual production for Projected production for 2010 based on VPC targets Energy use based on Ernst Multiplying pulp and paper 2006 from VPC (960,000 (1,400,000 t paper; 600,00 t pulp) to get 2015 estimate and Young (2003) energy savings industry tons paper) (2,154,000 t paper; 923,000 t pulp) 2010 to 2015 based on Typical paper: 0.25 times electricity assumed growth of 9% per year MWh/ton paper grid, assuming pulp: 2.5 MWh/ton pulp cogeneration can Used emission factor supply 50% of from electricity grid (0.59 electricity from kg CO2/kwh) pulp and paper plants AND FORESTRY Improving Ministry of Industry and Assuming 7.2% annual increase in urea use up to 2015 (2.29 1.54 t CO2/ ton urea from Assume potential efficiency of Trade (2008) data on million tons of urea) IPCC decrease in urea fertilizer use in urea use (1.624 million use by improving order to reduce tons) to 60% efficiency nitrous oxide from 40% in emissions Vietnam Livestock waste Population of livestock Growth up to 2015 assumes a 3% growth rate of population For traditional farms Multiplying from General Statistics overall with and 8% growth of those in commercial farms, emission reduction from emission Office (2007) and assuming 10% will have biogas (traditional: 29,906,884 Vietnam experience reduction times number in commercial heads; commercial: 3,198,407 heads) (SNV) 0.31 t CO2 per population of farms based on MARD head/yr commercial and report on animal For commercial farms traditional farms husbandry 2001-2006 from USEPA report on (traditional: 25,582,000; Vietnam: 0.42 t CO2/head/yr
from South East Asia Iron and Steel Institute (SEAISI) 2006 Country Reports and Steel Statistical Report of pig iron (531,000 tons) and long products (8,634) pig iron Reheating for Electric Arc Furnace: 31 t CO2/ton long product Based on review of Vietnam and international studies Cogeneration in pulp and paper industry Actual production for 2006 from VPC (960,000 tons paper) Projected production for 2010 based on VPC targets (1,400,000 t paper; 600,00 t pulp) to get 2015 estimate (2,154,000 t paper; 923,000 t pulp) 2010 to 2015 based on assumed growth of 9% per year Energy use based on Ernst and Young (2003) Typical paper: 0.25 MWh/ton paper pulp: 2.5 MWh/ton pulp Used emission factor from electricity grid (0.59 kg CO2/kwh) Multiplying energy savings times electricity grid, assuming cogeneration can supply 50% of electricity from pulp and paper plants AND FORESTRY Improving efficiency of fertilizer use in order to reduce nitrous oxide emissions Ministry of Industry and Trade (2008) data on urea use (1.624 million tons) Assuming 7.2% annual increase in urea use up to 2015 (2.29 million tons of urea) 1.54 t CO2/ ton urea from IPCC Assume potential decrease in urea use by improving to 60% efficiency from 40% in Vietnam Livestock waste Population of livestock from General Statistics Office (2007) and number in commercial farms based on MARD report on animal husbandry 2001-2006 (traditional: 25,582,000; Growth up to 2015 assumes a 3% growth rate of population overall with and 8% growth of those in commercial farms, assuming 10% will have biogas (traditional: 29,906,884 heads; commercial: 3,198,407 heads) For traditional farms emission reduction from Vietnam experience (SNV) 0.31 t CO2 per head/yr For commercial farms from USEPA report on Vietnam: 0.42 t CO2/head/yr Multiplying emission reduction times population of commercial and traditional farms
677080WP00PUBL0C0Strategy0VN0Final.docx