IB Biology Chapter 5 Notes: Evolution & Natural Selection (5.1 & 5.2) NAME: Word Definition Evolution The process of cumulative change in the heritable characteristics in a population A group of similar organisms in an area that can interbreed and make fertile Species offspring Natural selection The process of how within a population there is unequal survival and reproduction of individuals. Heritable Can be passed from parent to child (offspring) Gene frequency The relative amount (percentage) of a particular gene in a population Origins The beginning/start Humans selecting which organisms survive and reproduce Artificial selection Selecting organisms that have traits that help them to reproduce/attract mates Sexual selection Making more offspring than are needed or can survive Overproduction Difference in heritable traits of a species Variation The ability to not be affected by or withstand something Resistance Structures that similar in form and function but are found in seemingly dissimilar Homologous structures species. Selective pressure The thing in an area that selects for certain traits that help an organism to survive and reproduce A characteristic or trait that helps an organism survive and/or reproduce in a Adaptation particular area Divergence When populations evolve to become different from one another. Speciation When groups that were originally part of the same population evolve to become separate species. The preserved remains of organisms found underground in layers based on Fossil record geological time period.
IB Biology Chapter 5 Notes: Evolution & Natural Selection (5.1 & 5.2) NAME: Word Definition Evolution The process of cumulative change in the heritable characteristics in a population Species A group of similar organisms in an area that can interbreed and make fertile offspring Natural selection The process of how within a population there is unequal survival and reproduction of individuals. Heritable Can be passed from parent to child (offspring) Gene frequency The relative amount (percentage) of a particular gene in a population Origins The beginning/start Artificial selection Humans selecting which organisms survive and reproduce Sexual selection Selecting organisms that have traits that help them to reproduce/attract mates Overproduction Making more offspring than are needed or can survive Variation Difference in heritable traits of a species Resistance The ability to not be affected by or withstand something Homologous structures Structures that similar in form and function but are found in seemingly dissimilar species. Selective pressure The thing in an area that selects for certain traits that help an organism to survive and reproduce Adaptation A characteristic or trait that helps an organism survive and/or reproduce in a particular area Divergence When populations evolve to become different from one another. Speciation When groups that were originally part of the same population evolve to become separate species. Fossil record The preserved remains of organisms found underground in layers based on geological time period.
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