106 The Demographic Dividend Africa, 65 War, effects of, Thailand,56, 63--64 62 Washington Consensus, Tobago,57 Tourism,56 Western Europe 58n Trade policy, openness to aging population, 50-51 demographic basis in, 17n transition analysis, in Latin America, 57-58, 74-75, 43, 49-51 44n, 75n fertility rates, 49, 50 in Middle East, 60 infant mortality rates, 49 Training and education policies, life expectancy, 49 pact of policy issues, 50-51 on earnings, 42 population growth, 49 in East Asia, 53-57 working-age population, 49-50 fertility rates and, 28-30, 73 WHO. See World Health Organizati investments in, 77-78, 81 (WHO) in Ireland, 35 Working-age population in Middle East, 60-61 decrease in, 37 in North Africa, 60-61 in East Asia, 37, 44n, 45 poor health and, 70 economic output of, 40-41 labor on working-age population, 75 market flexibility and, 75 in Trinidad, 57 Latin America, 58 in Russia, 66, 67 in South and Southeast Asia, 52 Ukraine, 67 66, in sub-Saharan Africa, 37, 61, 64, The WtimateResource, (Simon), 15 65-66 UN.See United Nations (UN) in Western Europe, 49-50 Unemployment, effects of in Working single mothers, 74 Ireland, 36 World Health Organization (WHO), 69 in Saudi Arabia, 60 World population, trends in, 2-12, 2n in South and Southeast Asia, 56 World War II,impact after United Kingdom, 49 advances in medicine/public United Nations 3, 5ln (UN), health, 25 United Nations Population Fund, 72 in Asia, 2, 47 United States, 50 in Japan, 47 Urbanization, increasing, 29 Uruguay, 57 U.S. National Academy of Sciences Yemen, 60 (NAS),3, 17 Youth dependency rates, 35 Yunus, Muhammad, 76, 77 Vaccination campaigns, 71 Zimbabwe, 62 Wage earnings, minimum education and, 42 policy of, 75-76
106 The Demographic Dividend Thailand,56, 63--64 Tobago,57 Tourism,56 Trade policy, openness to basis in, 17n in Latin America, 57-58, 74-75, 75n in Middle East, 60 Training and education policies, pact of on earnings, 42 in East Asia, 53-57 fertility rates and, 28-30, 73 investments in, 77-78, 81 in Ireland, 35 in Middle East, 60-61 in North Africa, 60-61 poor health and, 70 on working-age population, 75 Trinidad, 57 Ukraine, 66, 67 WtimateResource, The (Simon), 15 UN.See United Nations (UN) Unemployment, effects of in Ireland, 36 in Saudi Arabia, 60 in South and Southeast Asia, 56 United Kingdom, 49 United Nations (UN), 3, 5ln United Nations Population Fund, 72 United States, 50 Urbanization, increasing, 29 Uruguay, 57 U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS),3, 17 Vaccination campaigns, 71 Wage earnings, minimum education and, 42 policy of, 75-76 Africa, 65 War, effects of, 62 Washington Consensus, 58n Western Europe aging population, 50-51 demographic transition analysis, 43, 44n, 49-51 fertility rates, 49, 50 infant mortality rates, 49 life expectancy, 49 policy issues, 50-51 population growth, 49 working-age population, 49-50 WHO. See World Health Organizati (WHO) Working-age population decrease in, 37 in East Asia, 37, 44n, 45 economic output of, 40-41 labor market flexibility and, 75 in Latin America, 58 in Russia, 66, 67 in South and Southeast Asia, 52 in sub-Saharan Africa, 37, 61, 64, 65-66 in Western Europe, 49-50 Working single mothers, 74 World Health Organization (WHO), 69 World population, trends in, 2-12, 2n World War II,impact after advances in medicine/public health, 25 in Asia, 2, 47 in Japan, 47 Yemen, 60 Youth dependency rates, 35 Yunus, Muhammad, 76, 77 Zimbabwe, 62
4-Bloom-DemographicDivdend2003-Chap-2-and-3.docx