where the disease has occurred. azoxystrobin Destroy volunteer Allium plants in and around the field and mancozeb buildings. chlorothalonil Locate onion fields where there is good air movement to difenoconazole promote rapid drying of foliage. Purple blotch, Alternaria porri Use resistant varieties. No reasonable treatment threshold found. Disinfect seeds. Use a crop rotation of 3-4 years. Use seed treated with thiram Avoid watering the foliage at the end of the day or at night. Do not plant new fields near existing fields with blight garlic extract symptoms. mancozeb If possible, use furrow irrigation. chlorothalonil Remove and destroy crop debris. tebuconazole trifloxystrobin Black mold, Aspergillus niger Early harvest. No reasonable treatment threshold found. Harvest when conditions are dry. Use care to not damage onions while harvesting. Use seed treated with Remove dead onion tissue to improve storability. thiram difenoconazole Spinach and greens Aphids: Myzus persicae, Aphis Natural parasitic wasps and predators reduce populations Treat as soon as 1 to 2% of plants are infested with one or gossypii of aphids, unless insecticides applied kill them. more aphids. Put up insect-proof nets or tunnels to exclude aphid entry. Remove or control alternate hosts, including mustards and Use seed treated with: related weeds, around field borders. thiamethoxam Destroy crop remnants immediately after harvest. imidacloprid insecticidal soap neem seed extract garlic extract chili extract Spinach leafminer, Pegomya Natural enemies, especially parasitic wasps, commonly No reasonable treatment threshold found. hyoscyami reduce populations of leafminers, unless insecticides extracts of neem seed applied to control other pests kill them. carbaryl Hand picking and destruction of infested leaves malathion Use reflective silver plastic soil mulches. acetamiprid Where possible, avoid planting next to infested fields, imidacloprid especially those close to harvest time. lufenuron
where the disease has occurred. Destroy volunteer Allium plants in and around the field and buildings. Locate onion fields where there is good air movement to promote rapid drying of foliage. azoxystrobin mancozeb chlorothalonil difenoconazole Purple blotch, Alternaria porri Use resistant varieties. Disinfect seeds. Use a crop rotation of 3-4 years. Avoid watering the foliage at the end of the day or at night. Do not plant new fields near existing fields with blight symptoms. If possible, use furrow irrigation. Remove and destroy crop debris. No reasonable treatment threshold found. Use seed treated with thiram garlic extract mancozeb chlorothalonil tebuconazole trifloxystrobin Black mold, Aspergillus niger Early harvest. Harvest when conditions are dry. Use care to not damage onions while harvesting. Remove dead onion tissue to improve storability. No reasonable treatment threshold found. Use seed treated with thiram difenoconazole Spinach and greens Aphids: Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii Natural parasitic wasps and predators reduce populations of aphids, unless insecticides applied kill them. Put up insect-proof nets or tunnels to exclude aphid entry. Remove or control alternate hosts, including mustards and related weeds, around field borders. Destroy crop remnants immediately after harvest. Treat as soon as 1 to 2% of plants are infested with one or more aphids. Use seed treated with: thiamethoxam imidacloprid insecticidal soap neem seed extract garlic extract chili extract Spinach leafminer, Pegomya hyoscyami Natural enemies, especially parasitic wasps, commonly reduce populations of leafminers, unless insecticides applied to control other pests kill them. Hand picking and destruction of infested leaves Use reflective silver plastic soil mulches. Where possible, avoid planting next to infested fields, especially those close to harvest time. No reasonable treatment threshold found. extracts of neem seed carbaryl malathion acetamiprid imidacloprid lufenuron
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