INDIRECT IMPACTS INDIRECT IMPACTS POTENTIAL TO LIVELIHOODS TO BIODIVERSITY CLIMATE DIRECT IMPACTS TO CLIMATE RISKS ADAPTIVE FROM BIODIVERSITY FROM LIVELIHOOD STRESSORS BIODIVERSITY RESPONSES IMPACTS IMPACTS communities to access resources like water, pasture, fruits and honey during climate shocks. Increased HWC. Responses to Although many biodiversity impacts: Reduction of HWC incidents in Scale up promising palatable rangeland, QEPA and MFPA are invasive species with impacts on from reasons other management wildlife ecology and than climate change measures. population dynamics. (see NonClimate Invasive species Stressors), the spread Responses to include: of invasive species is livelihoods impacts: Lantana transforming savanna Scale up promising camara, an habitat to HWC management invasive species bush and woodland, Spread of invasive species interventions such as that displaces causing wildlife, due to hotter, drier beekeeping along PA grassland and especially grazers, to conditions that favor boundaries, chili is resilient to dry move outside PA colonization by invasive growing and conditions; boundaries to find species, mainly bush and spraying, and Imperata palatable food unpalatable cash woodland encroachment cylindrica, (USAID, 2015). crops (coffee, tea and into savanna habitats. which Increased disease trees). transmission. germinates Support key wildlife Livestock numbers in quickly after corridors around the communities fire and flowers QEPA and MFNP. around QEPA and early to seed the This would involve in the fishing villages soil, and for re-establishing have been increasing. which older wildlife corridors and If wildlife moves plants are initiating outside PA unpalatable to collaborative grazers; and partnerships with the private sector
CLIMATE STRESSORS CLIMATE RISKS DIRECT IMPACTS TO BIODIVERSITY INDIRECT IMPACTS TO LIVELIHOODS FROM BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS INDIRECT IMPACTS TO BIODIVERSITY FROM LIVELIHOOD IMPACTS POTENTIAL ADAPTIVE RESPONSES communities to access resources like water, pasture, fruits and honey during climate shocks. Spread of invasive species due to hotter, drier conditions that favor colonization by invasive species, mainly bush and woodland encroachment into savanna habitats. Reduction of palatable rangeland, with impacts on wildlife ecology and population dynamics. Invasive species include: Lantana camara, an invasive species that displaces grassland and is resilient to dry conditions; Imperata cylindrica, which germinates quickly after fire and flowers early to seed the soil, and for which older plants are unpalatable to grazers; and Increased HWC. Although many HWC incidents in QEPA and MFPA are from reasons other than climate change (see NonClimate Stressors), the spread of invasive species is transforming savanna habitat to bush and woodland, causing wildlife, especially grazers, to move outside PA boundaries to find palatable food (USAID, 2015). Increased disease transmission. Livestock numbers in the communities around QEPA and in the fishing villages have been increasing. If wildlife moves outside PA Responses to biodiversity impacts: Scale up promising invasive species management measures. Responses to livelihoods impacts: Scale up promising HWC management interventions such as beekeeping along PA boundaries, chili growing and spraying, and unpalatable cash crops (coffee, tea and trees). Support key wildlife corridors around QEPA and MFNP. This would involve re-establishing wildlife corridors and initiating collaborative partnerships with the private sector
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