In only a few subject areas in Higher Education are there more male than female undergraduates. Exceptions are computer science with 80% male students and engineering and technology with 85% male students. The most female-dominated subjects are education and subjects allied to medicine, such as nursing, physiotherapy etc, where 81% of students are female. Employment Nearly half of people in employment are women, however women and men differ in the jobs they do and the hours they work. Nearly half of women (44%) and about one in ten men who work are More than four-fifths of skilled trades people and process, plant and machine operatives are men. In administrative and secretarial occupations, as well as in personal service jobs, at least four-fifths of workers are women. Women hold the majority of jobs in the education & health & social work sectors Men are the majority in transport, storage & communication & construction. Vertical segregation Women tend to be under-represented at the most senior positions. Middle class women often proceed so far and then encounter the glass ceiling where they can see where they would like to go but the ceiling (e.g stereotypical assumptions, sexism etc) impedes further progress. The Gender Gap The gender pay gap compares the earnings of female and male employees, whilst the gender income gap compares the individual incomes of all women and men. Average hourly earnings for women working full-time are 18% lower than for men working full-time, and for women working part-time hourly earnings are 40% lower. Pensions 56% of female employees and 63% of male employees of working age are members of one or more occupational or personal pension schemes. However, women are less likely to make regular contributions to a pension.
In only a few subject areas in Higher Education are there more male than female undergraduates. Exceptions are computer science with 80% male students and engineering and technology with 85% male students. The most female-dominated subjects are education and subjects allied to medicine, such as nursing, physiotherapy etc, where 81% of students are female. Employment Nearly half of people in employment are women, however women and men differ in the jobs they do and the hours they work. Nearly half of women (44%) and about one in ten men who work are More than four-fifths of skilled trades people and process, plant and machine operatives are men. In administrative and secretarial occupations, as well as in personal service jobs, at least four-fifths of workers are women. Women hold the majority of jobs in the education & health & social work sectors Men are the majority in transport, storage & communication & construction. Vertical segregation Women tend to be under-represented at the most senior positions. Middle class women often proceed so far and then encounter the glass ceiling where they can see where they would like to go but the ceiling (e.g stereotypical assumptions, sexism etc) impedes further progress. The Gender Gap The gender pay gap compares the earnings of female and male employees, whilst the gender income gap compares the individual incomes of all women and men. Average hourly earnings for women working full-time are 18% lower than for men working full-time, and for women working part-time hourly earnings are 40% lower. Pensions 56% of female employees and 63% of male employees of working age are members of one or more occupational or personal pension schemes. However, women are less likely to make regular contributions to a pension.
4._stratification_and_inequality_study_guide.docx