al., 2015). This model suggests that obesity may, in part, be due to self-regulation issues and emotional eating (Leehr et al., 2015) (See Figure 1 in Appendix). 2.5.2 Biopsychosocial model: This model can be used to examine body dissatisfaction as resulting from a combination of sociocultural, biological, and psychological factors. In the current environment, energy-dense foods are abundant, physical activity is not viewed as necessary, and the ideal body type is a thin and unattainable standard for women and men. Someone in this environment who has a low stress threshold, is a perfectionist, or has low emotion regulation skills will be more vulnerable for the development of weight-related problems. This person will be even more vulnerable if someone in their family has or had weight-related problems (Rodgers, Paxton, & McLean, 2014; Neumark-Sztainer, 2005). This model is similar to the social-ecological model because it focuses on interactions between various factors (See Figure 2 in Appendix). 2.5.3 Brain reward pathway model: This model suggests that eating disorders/disordered eating and obesity affect similar pathways and areas of the brain. These pathways affect one’s reward system and how one experiences satiety and pleasure. This model also posits that stress can cause overeating or under-eating (Hasan & Hasan, 2011; Berridge, Ho, Richard, & DiFeliceantonio, 2010) (See Figure 3 in Appendix). 2.5.4 Cognitive dissonance theory: This theory describes what individuals do when confronted with information that does not agree with their current beliefs and behavior (Butryn, 2014; Stice et al., 2013; Stice et al, 2012; Stice et al., 2011b; Stice et al., 2011a; Becker, 2009; Stice et al., 2009; Stice, et al., 2008a; Stice et al., 2008b). The dissonance theory proposes that
al., 2015). This model suggests that obesity may, in part, be due to self-regulation issues and emotional eating (Leehr et al., 2015) (See Figure 1 in Appendix). 2.5.2 Biopsychosocial model: This model can be used to examine body dissatisfaction as resulting from a combination of sociocultural, biological, and psychological factors. In the current environment, energy-dense foods are abundant, physical activity is not viewed as necessary, and the ideal body type is a thin and unattainable standard for women and men. Someone in this environment who has a low stress threshold, is a perfectionist, or has low emotion regulation skills will be more vulnerable for the development of weight-related problems. This person will be even more vulnerable if someone in their family has or had weight-related problems (Rodgers, Paxton, & McLean, 2014; Neumark-Sztainer, 2005). This model is similar to the social-ecological model because it focuses on interactions between various factors (See Figure 2 in Appendix). 2.5.3 Brain reward pathway model: This model suggests that eating disorders/disordered eating and obesity affect similar pathways and areas of the brain. These pathways affect one’s reward system and how one experiences satiety and pleasure. This model also posits that stress can cause overeating or under-eating (Hasan & Hasan, 2011; Berridge, Ho, Richard, & DiFeliceantonio, 2010) (See Figure 3 in Appendix). 2.5.4 Cognitive dissonance theory: This theory describes what individuals do when confronted with information that does not agree with their current beliefs and behavior (Butryn, 2014; Stice et al., 2013; Stice et al, 2012; Stice et al., 2011b; Stice et al., 2011a; Becker, 2009; Stice et al., 2009; Stice, et al., 2008a; Stice et al., 2008b). The dissonance theory proposes that
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