health guided the study. Instrument: T-test treatments statistics. suggested. Osinowo & Moderate 99 participants: 53 No Self-esteem. Circumcised women Taiwo (2003) circumcised women psychosocial Measurement: Single expressed statistically compared to 46 comparative and/or item. significant lower uncircumcised study (t=2.6, df=97, women, in health p<.01) compared with Ajengule, Nigeria. treatments the uncircumcised suggested. women. Psychological treatment especially post-traumatic stress disorder intervention for circumcised women is recommended. VIoeberghs et High 66 circumcised Mixed method No therapeutic PTSD, general 1/3 of the circumcised al. (2011) women originating approach: interventions psychiatric illnesses, women met criteria for from 5 different qualitative and reported. and potential risk affective or anxiety African countries: quantitative factors. disorders; 16% of the Somalia, Ethiopia, data. Instrument: in-depth subjects presented Sudan, Eritrea, and interview and 4 PTSD indices; A Sierra Leone. standardized lively memory of the They have all questionnaires. circumcision, an migrated to the avoidant coping style, Netherlands. infibulation as type of Selection of women circumcision were through snowball amongst significant sampling. factors associated with psychopathology. Somali women reported the least problems. Figure 1: Flowchart for selected studies
health treatments suggested. guided the study. Instrument: T-test statistics. Osinowo & Taiwo (2003) Moderate 99 participants: 53 circumcised women compared to 46 uncircumcised women, in Ajengule, Nigeria. comparative study No psychosocial and/or health treatments suggested. Self-esteem. Measurement: Single item. Circumcised women expressed statistically significant lower (t=2.6, df=97, p<.01) compared with the uncircumcised women. Psychological treatment especially post-traumatic stress disorder intervention for circumcised women is recommended. VIoeberghs et al. (2011) High 66 circumcised women originating from 5 different African countries: Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Eritrea, and Sierra Leone. They have all migrated to the Netherlands. Selection of women through snowball sampling. Mixed method approach: qualitative and quantitative data. No therapeutic interventions reported. PTSD, general psychiatric illnesses, and potential risk factors. Instrument: in-depth interview and 4 standardized questionnaires. 1/3 of the circumcised women met criteria for affective or anxiety disorders; 16% of the subjects presented PTSD indices; A lively memory of the circumcision, an avoidant coping style, infibulation as type of circumcision were amongst significant factors associated with psychopathology. Somali women reported the least problems. Figure 1: Flowchart for selected studies
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