Industrialists / Factory owners / employer e.g. works teams in football Church/Clergy e.g. Sunday school teams / YMCA / Boys Brigade Armed Forces e.g. regimental teams / competitions / tournaments; More time off work / Saturday afternoons to watch / spectate Increase in disposable income that could be spent following sport Provision of parks / space within which to play sport Pub teams Describe how and why church organisations promoted sport among their local communities during the late 19th Century. [3 marks] Four marks for 4 of: How - sub max 3 marks organised teams / clubs / associations / competitions pitches / playing fields on church grounds / clubhouse / church hall muscular Christianity ex-public schoolboys entering church as ministers Why- sub max 3 marks to instil middle class / christian values to divert from less socially acceptable activities / drinking / gambling / social control / health to recruit into church organisations / swell congregation Describe how the leisure opportunities of the working class change for the better as a result of industrialisation. [3 marks] Three marks for 3 of: trade unions began to fight for workers rights / less working hours / increase in free time / better pay beginnings of public provision of recreation facilities / e.g. parks / employer provision civilising of activities / rationalising / social control / middle class concern for working class still less opportunities for working class women opportunities for professional sport / spectating Improvement in transport / equipment Describe the characteristics of rational recreation. [3 marks] Three marks for 3 of: Played regularly; complex, written rules/highly structured/administrative/levels of competition; refined skills; strategies/tactics; moral values/etiquette/code of conduct; sophisticated facilities/equipment. Suggest why participation in sport by the working class was delayed compared with participation by the middle and upper classes in the 19th century. [3 marks] Three marks for 3 of:
Industrialists / Factory owners / employer e.g. works teams in football Church/Clergy e.g. Sunday school teams / YMCA / Boys Brigade Armed Forces e.g. regimental teams / competitions / tournaments; More time off work / Saturday afternoons to watch / spectate Increase in disposable income that could be spent following sport Provision of parks / space within which to play sport Pub teams Describe how and why church organisations promoted sport among their local communities during the late 19th Century. [3 marks] Four marks for 4 of: How - sub max 3 marks organised teams / clubs / associations / competitions pitches / playing fields on church grounds / clubhouse / church hall muscular Christianity ex-public schoolboys entering church as ministers Why- sub max 3 marks to instil middle class / christian values to divert from less socially acceptable activities / drinking / gambling / social control / health to recruit into church organisations / swell congregation Describe how the leisure opportunities of the working class change for the better as a result of industrialisation. [3 marks] Three marks for 3 of: trade unions began to fight for workers rights / less working hours / increase in free time / better pay beginnings of public provision of recreation facilities / e.g. parks / employer provision civilising of activities / rationalising / social control / middle class concern for working class still less opportunities for working class women opportunities for professional sport / spectating Improvement in transport / equipment Describe the characteristics of rational recreation. [3 marks] Three marks for 3 of: Played regularly; complex, written rules/highly structured/administrative/levels of competition; refined skills; strategies/tactics; moral values/etiquette/code of conduct; sophisticated facilities/equipment. Suggest why participation in sport by the working class was delayed compared with participation by the middle and upper classes in the 19th century. [3 marks] Three marks for 3 of:
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