Fox, De Koning & Leicht (2003) Guilt feelings scores were GBAI Guilt and BDI-II Correlations: Measures were verbally significantly negatively correlated administrated. effect size r=0.19, N=63, p≤0.1 – with psychoticism scores, mental Unclear as to why authors used d=0.39 element scores were significantly IQ score of 75 as a cut off. positively correlated with neuroticism scores and external Sample are described as GBAI Guilt and EPQ Correlations: attributions were significantly homogenous, but this is only in positively correlated with terms of their offence type. EPQ Psychoticism r=-0.39, N=63, psychoticism scores. There were Other differences not well effect size d=0.85 p≤0.001 – no other significant correlations. reported. EPQ Extraversion r=-0.06, N=63, n.s. Only used one measure of effect size d=0.12 – personality. Based on self-report EPQ Neuroticism r=0.10, N=63, n.s. and EPQ-Lie scores were fairly effect size d=0.20 – high. Offence type and IES scores: Gray, Carman, Rogers, 33% of the sample met the The validity and reliability of the III diagnostic criteria for PTSD. MacCulloch, Hayward & use of the questionnaires with Murder versus other violent offences Snowden (2003) this population is not stated. Those with murder convictions F(1,23)=2.43, p=0.065 effect size – had significantly higher IES Small sample. d=0.76 scores than those with other Not all participants were able to violent or sexual offence Violent versus sexual offences complete all measures so not convictions. F(1,31)=2.60, p=0.058 effect size – included in analysis. d=0.68 The relationship between the Heterogeneity of offences and victim and offender did not mental health diagnoses. significantly affect IES scores, Relationship to victim and IES but those who came to believe Based solely on self-report Scores: their actions were not justified measures. had higher IES scores than those effect size F(1,19)=7.10, p≤0.01– who believed the victim deserved d=0.90 to be assaulted.
Fox, De Koning & Leicht (2003) Guilt feelings scores were significantly negatively correlated with psychoticism scores, mental element scores were significantly positively correlated with neuroticism scores and external attributions were significantly positively correlated with psychoticism scores. There were no other significant correlations. GBAI Guilt and BDI-II Correlations: r=0.19, N=63, p≤0.1 – effect size d=0.39 GBAI Guilt and EPQ Correlations: EPQ Psychoticism r=-0.39, N=63, p≤0.001 – effect size d=0.85 EPQ Extraversion r=-0.06, N=63, n.s. – effect size d=0.12 EPQ Neuroticism r=0.10, N=63, n.s. – effect size d=0.20 Measures were verbally administrated. Unclear as to why authors used IQ score of 75 as a cut off. Sample are described as homogenous, but this is only in terms of their offence type. Other differences not well reported. Only used one measure of personality. Based on self-report and EPQ-Lie scores were fairly high. Gray, Carman, Rogers, MacCulloch, Hayward & Snowden (2003) 33% of the sample met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Those with murder convictions had significantly higher IES scores than those with other violent or sexual offence convictions. The relationship between the victim and offender did not significantly affect IES scores, but those who came to believe their actions were not justified had higher IES scores than those who believed the victim deserved to be assaulted. Offence type and IES scores: Murder versus other violent offences F(1,23)=2.43, p=0.065 – effect size d=0.76 Violent versus sexual offences F(1,31)=2.60, p=0.058 – effect size d=0.68 Relationship to victim and IES Scores: F(1,19)=7.10, p≤0.01– effect size d=0.90 The validity and reliability of the use of the questionnaires with this population is not stated. Small sample. Not all participants were able to complete all measures so not included in analysis. Heterogeneity of offences and mental health diagnoses. Based solely on self-report measures. III
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