Freshwater supplies may become limited through contamination and unsustainable abstraction Evaluate the strategies which can be used to meet increasing demand for freshwater Match up potential solutions with the issues listed below by writing the number(s) into the spaces provided ISSUES Number SOLUTIONS Climate change may be disrupting rainfall 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1. Increase freshwater supplies by: patterns, even changing monsoon rains, Reservoirs causing further inequality of supplies Redistribution Desalination Rainwater harvesting systems Artificially recharging aquifers Low water levels in rivers and streams 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2. Reduce domestic use of freshwater by using water efficient appliances Slow water flow in the lower courses of river 1, 4, 3. Wash cars in car washes with a closed results in sedimentation, which makes the water system already shallow river even shallower and may 5, 10 extend deltas further into the sea Underground aquifers are being exhausted 1, 4. Grey water recycling (affects agriculture, damages buildings and 2, 3, 4 shrinking soil) 5 Pumping rates form aquifers too fast causing 1, 5. Irrigation a cone of exhaustion making the well 2, 3, Closed pipes instead of open unusable 4, 5 canals Trickle systems instead of sprinklers/sprayers Subsurface drip irrigation Freshwater becomes contaminated 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 6. Reduce fertilizer and pesticide use 10 Irrigation results in soil degradation 5 7. Prevent overspray (so fertilizers and Water evaporates before it has a chance to pesticides don’t end up in streams) be absorbed causing salinization (rendering soil unusable for agriculture) Fertilizers and pesticides pollute streams and 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 8. Replace chemical fertilizers with rivers organic ones Industries release pollutants into water 3, 10, 7 9. Use highly selective pesticides or bodies biological control methods Industry and electricity plants release warm 11, 4 10. Industries can removes pollutants water into rivers. from their wastewater with water treatment plants 11. Regulate maximum temperatures of released cooling water, cooling towers that evaporate the water can be used
Freshwater supplies may become limited through contamination and unsustainable abstraction Evaluate the strategies which can be used to meet increasing demand for freshwater Match up potential solutions with the issues listed below by writing the number(s) into the spaces provided ISSUES Number SOLUTIONS Climate change may be disrupting rainfall patterns, even changing monsoon rains, causing further inequality of supplies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1. Increase freshwater supplies by: Reservoirs Redistribution Desalination Rainwater harvesting systems Artificially recharging aquifers Low water levels in rivers and streams 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2. Reduce domestic use of freshwater by using water efficient appliances Slow water flow in the lower courses of river results in sedimentation, which makes the already shallow river even shallower and may extend deltas further into the sea 1, 4, 5, 10 3. Wash cars in car washes with a closed water system Underground aquifers are being exhausted (affects agriculture, damages buildings and shrinking soil) 1, 2, 3, 4 5 4. Grey water recycling Pumping rates form aquifers too fast causing a cone of exhaustion making the well unusable 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 5. Irrigation Closed pipes instead of open canals Trickle systems instead of sprinklers/sprayers Subsurface drip irrigation Freshwater becomes contaminated 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 6. Reduce fertilizer and pesticide use Irrigation results in soil degradation Water evaporates before it has a chance to be absorbed causing salinization (rendering soil unusable for agriculture) 5 7. Prevent overspray (so fertilizers and pesticides don’t end up in streams) Fertilizers and pesticides pollute streams and rivers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 8. Replace chemical fertilizers with organic ones Industries release pollutants into water bodies 3, 10, 7 9. Use highly selective pesticides or biological control methods Industry and electricity plants release warm water into rivers. 11, 4 10. Industries can removes pollutants from their wastewater with water treatment plants 11. Regulate maximum temperatures of released cooling water, cooling towers that evaporate the water can be used
4.2-student-workbook_-_mine.docx