Note energy gain. Consistent with = 2 E mc 4. Converting other Reference to circular Audiovisual resource material. History of search for basic forms of energy accelerators building blocks of nature: into mass progressively increasing energy • Greeks: earth, fire, air, available: water proton-proton collisions 1936: p, n, e. • p + p + energy p + p + Particle accelerators, e.g. → additional particles. CERN. 5. Fundamental Strong nuclear force: forces of nature Force binding nucleus, short range. Weak nuclear force: Force between particles that are not subject to the strong force, short range. Electromagnetic force: Force between charged particles, inverse square law. Gravitational force: inverse square law. 6. Families of Mass of particles comes from Appropriate calculations. Pioneering work to particles energy of the reactions investigate the structure of – = E/c2 matter and origin of m The larger the energy the greater universe. the variety of particles. These International collaboration, particles are called e.g. CERN. “particle zoo”. Leptons: indivisible point objects, not subject to strong force, e.g. electron, positron, and neutrino. Baryons: subject to all forces, e.g. protons, neutrons, and heavier particles. Mesons: subject to all forces, mass between electron and proton. 7. Anti-matter e+ positron, e– electron. Paul Dirac predicted Each particle has its own mathematically. Pair production: two particles produced from energy. + e– conserve γ rays → e+ charge, momentum. Annihilation: Two from γ rays annihilation of particles. e+ + e– 2hf conserve → (γ rays) charge, momentum. 8. Quark model Quark: fundamental building Identify the nature and charge James Joyce: “Three block of baryons and mesons. of a particle given a quarks for Muster Mark”. Six quarks called up, down, combination of quarks. – strange, charmed, top, and bottom. Charges: u+2/3 , d-1/3 , s-1/3
Note energy gain. Consistent with E = mc 2 4. Converting other forms of energy into mass Reference to circular accelerators progressively increasing energy available: proton-proton collisions p + p + energy → p + p + additional particles. Audiovisual resource material. History of search for basic building blocks of nature: • Greeks: earth, fire, air, water • 1936: p, n, e. Particle accelerators, e.g. CERN. 5. Fundamental forces of nature Strong nuclear force: Force binding nucleus, short range. Weak nuclear force: Force between particles that are not subject to the strong force, short range. Electromagnetic force: Force between charged particles, inverse square law. Gravitational force: inverse square law. 6. Families of particles Mass of particles comes from energy of the reactions – m = E/c2 The larger the energy the greater the variety of particles. These particles are called “particle zoo”. Leptons: indivisible point objects, not subject to strong force, e.g. electron, positron, and neutrino. Baryons: subject to all forces, e.g. protons, neutrons, and heavier particles. Mesons: subject to all forces, mass between electron and proton. Appropriate calculations. Pioneering work to investigate the structure of matter and origin of universe. International collaboration, e.g. CERN. 7. Anti-matter e+ positron, e– electron. Each particle has its own Pair production: two particles produced from energy. γ rays → e+ + e– conserve charge, momentum. Annihilation: Two γ rays from annihilation of particles. e+ + e– → 2hf (γ rays) conserve charge, momentum. Paul Dirac predicted mathematically. 8. Quark model Quark: fundamental building block of baryons and mesons. Six quarks – called up, down, strange, charmed, top, and bottom. Charges: u+2/3 , d-1/3 , s-1/3 Identify the nature and charge of a particle given a combination of quarks. James Joyce: “Three quarks for Muster Mark”.
32.%20Particle%20Physics.docx