Learning Activity 2.7 (p. 106) Feature Automatic processes Controlled processes Level of conscious awareness normal wakefulness focused attention required Level of attention required low/minimal high/more Speed at which the processing is relatively fast relatively slow performed Task complexity easy/simple difficult/complex Ability to undertake other tasks yes no simultaneously Example (will vary) (will vary) Learning Activity 2.8 (p. 107) 1 Construct a hypothesis for the experiment. Examples: • Participants will selectively attend to one of two distinct games presented in superimposed video sequences. • When participants observe people engaged in two different games in a video, they will demonstrate selective attention by responding only to the designated stimulus. 2 Identify the independent and dependent variables in the experiment. • IV: type of game behaviour (basketball-passing or hand-slapping) • DV: number of presses of the response key 3 Suggest why an independent-groups design used for the experiment, rather than a or matched-participants design? • The repeated-measures design would expose participants to the same footage twice, possibly causing an unwanted order effect due to influences such as task familiarity and boredom through stimulus or task familiarity. • The matched-participants design would require identifying a participant characteristic relevant to the DV and matching pairs on this characteristic. This is weighed up against the resource demands of organising such an experiment. The matched-participants design was not deemed to be warranted. • The independent-groups design (using random allocation) was probably deemed suitable and practical (after considering the relative advantages and limitations of each type of design).
Learning Activity 2.7 (p. 106) Feature Automatic processes Controlled processes Level of conscious awareness required normal wakefulness focused attention Level of attention required low/minimal high/more Speed at which the processing is performed relatively fast relatively slow Task complexity easy/simple difficult/complex Ability to undertake other tasks simultaneously yes no Example (will vary) (will vary) Learning Activity 2.8 (p. 107) 1 Construct a hypothesis for the experiment. Examples: • Participants will selectively attend to one of two distinct games presented in superimposed video sequences. • When participants observe people engaged in two different games in a video, they will demonstrate selective attention by responding only to the designated stimulus. 2 Identify the independent and dependent variables in the experiment. • IV: type of game behaviour (basketball-passing or hand-slapping) • DV: number of presses of the response key 3 Suggest why an independent-groups design used for the experiment, rather than a or matched-participants design? • The repeated-measures design would expose participants to the same footage twice, possibly causing an unwanted order effect due to influences such as task familiarity and boredom through stimulus or task familiarity. • The matched-participants design would require identifying a participant characteristic relevant to the DV and matching pairs on this characteristic. This is weighed up against the resource demands of organising such an experiment. The matched-participants design was not deemed to be warranted. • The independent-groups design (using random allocation) was probably deemed suitable and practical (after considering the relative advantages and limitations of each type of design).
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