Bonding Atoms will bond if their new configuration provides equal or greater stability. This is often due to the acquiring of a “full” valence electron shell Octet = 8 valence electrons Duplet = 2 valence electrons Ionic Bonding Covalent / Molecular Bonding Metal and Non-metal Two or more non-metals Between: Metal loses e- cation Valence electrons are shared Mechanism: Non-metal gains e- anion (up to three shared pairs) Electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal lithium + chlorine lithium chloride bromine + chlorine bromine chloride Li + Cl LiCl Br + Cl BrCl Example: Li + Cl [ Li ]+ + [ Cl ]- Br + Cl Br Cl Electrostatic interaction Force of (attraction between positively Physically shared eletron pair(s) Attraction: and negatively charged ions) Conceptual Diagram: Individual molecules. Structures vary greatly depending on how individual molecules Crystal Lattice Structure: interact with each other. Depends mostly on: polarity, size and 3D shape Electronegativity, Polarity and Shape The ability of an individual atom, when bonded, to attract bonding electrons to itself is known as its
Bonding Atoms will bond if their new configuration provides equal or greater stability. This is often due to the acquiring of a “full” valence electron shell Octet = 8 valence electrons Duplet = 2 valence electrons Ionic Bonding Covalent / Molecular Bonding Between: Metal and Non-metal Two or more non-metals Mechanism: Metal loses e- cation Non-metal gains e- anion Electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal Valence electrons are shared (up to three shared pairs) Example: lithium + chlorine lithium chloride Li + Cl LiCl Li + Cl [ Li ]+ + [ Cl ]- bromine + chlorine bromine chloride Br + Cl BrCl Br + Cl Br Cl Force of Attraction: Electrostatic interaction (attraction between positively and negatively charged ions) Physically shared eletron pair(s) Conceptual Diagram: Structure: Crystal Lattice Individual molecules. Structures vary greatly depending on how individual molecules interact with each other. Depends mostly on: polarity, size and 3D shape Electronegativity, Polarity and Shape The ability of an individual atom, when bonded, to attract bonding electrons to itself is known as its
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