There has been a large increase in the last twenty years in the fraction of national income that accrues to the top 20%, and a more modest increase in that accruing to the middle class. A better measure of inequality in terms of upward mobility and for its effect on housing costs is defined as the percentage of income accruing to families with middle class income inequality income between the 25th and 75th percentiles of income. That gap widened from $29,478.50 in 2000 to $45,305.50 in 2012, which is still $39,303.64 in 2012 dollars. (Chetty, et al., Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility, NBER Working Paper No. 19844 (January 2014), p. XX.) Widening income inequality adds another dimension to the negative effects of income segregation. a society characterized by severe economic segregation, the well-intentioned “In helping acts of affluent people [for each other] can exacerbate economic because inequalities” and upper-income communities have robust social networks that link residents to “…middle-, (Dreier, Place Matters, p. as the valuable opportunities.” 10.) “One study, described ‘certainly most comprehensive analysis of intergenerational mobility in the contemporary found that U.S.,’ mobility was lowest in metro areas with high rates of concentrated poverty, sprawl, and weak public (Dreier, Place Matters, p. 12.) transit systems.” Income segregation and the decrease in economic mobility have a variety of sources (Bluestone, B., & Harrison, B., Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Basic Books: Boston (1982), p. XX; Abandonment and the Dismantling of Basic Industry Sassen, S., Pine Forge Press: Thousand Oaks, CA Sassen, 1994, p. Cities in a World Economy. XX; Sassen, S., The Global City: Strategic Site/New Frontier. In Democracy, Citizenship and E.F. Isin (Ed). London: Routledge (2000), p. XX.) Yet common land use the Global City,
There has been a large increase in the last twenty years in the fraction of national income that accrues to the top 20%, and a more modest increase in that accruing to the middle class. A better measure of inequality in terms of upward mobility and for its effect on housing costs is middle class income inequality defined as the percentage of income accruing to families with income between the 25th and 75th percentiles of income. That gap widened from $29,478.50 in 2000 to $45,305.50 in 2012, which is still $39,303.64 in 2012 dollars. (Chetty, et al., Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility, NBER Working Paper No. 19844 (January 2014), p. XX.) Widening income inequality adds another dimension to the negative effects of income segregation. “In a society characterized by severe economic segregation, the well-intentioned helping acts of affluent people [for each other] can exacerbate economic inequalities” because “…middle-, and upper-income communities have robust social networks that link residents to valuable opportunities.” (Dreier, Place Matters, p. 10.) “One study, described as ‘certainly the most comprehensive analysis of intergenerational mobility in the contemporary U.S.,’ found that mobility was lowest in metro areas with high rates of concentrated poverty, sprawl, and weak public transit systems.” (Dreier, Place Matters, p. 12.) Income segregation and the decrease in economic mobility have a variety of sources (Bluestone, B., & Harrison, B., Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment and the Dismantling of Basic Industry Basic Books: Boston (1982), p. XX; Sassen, S., Cities in a World Economy. Pine Forge Press: Thousand Oaks, CA Sassen, 1994, p. XX; Sassen, S., The Global City: Strategic Site/New Frontier. In Democracy, Citizenship and the Global City, E.F. Isin (Ed). London: Routledge (2000), p. XX.) Yet common land use
3.12.2014-argument.ltmc-and-housing-scholars.docx