function: sensory input, motor function, regulation structure: neuron, axon, dendrites, synapse Polarized neuron: Na+ outside, K+ and Cl- inside Depolarization moves Na into neuron, generating an action potential Repolarization exchanges Na+ and K+ through the sodium-potassium pump At synapse, calcium channels open to allow calcium to rush in, stimulating release of neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters released into synapse to generate action potential for motor neuron or muscle cell Vocabulary active transport Golgi apparatus rough ER amphipathic hypertonic selectively permeable apoptosis hypotonic smooth ER aquaporin isotonic synapse axon ligand exocytosis carrier protein lysosome eukaryotic cell cell wall membrane facilitated diffusion centrioles mitochondrion flagella channel protein neuron fluid mosaic model chloroplast neurotransmitter nucleus concentration gradient nuclear envelope organelles cytoplasm phospholipid osmosis cytoskeleton plasma membrane passive transport dendrites plasmolysis phagocytosis depolarization polarization surface area:volume ratio diffusion prokaryotic cell transmembrane protein endocytosis repolarization vacuole endoplasmic reticulum ribosome Thinking Practice For each molecule shown to the right, answer the following, providing justifications for each: Is it polar or nonpolar? Is it hydrophobic or hydrophilic? In order to be transferred into a cell, would the molecule require a protein channel?
function: sensory input, motor function, regulation structure: neuron, axon, dendrites, synapse Polarized neuron: Na+ outside, K+ and Cl- inside Depolarization moves Na into neuron, generating an action potential Repolarization exchanges Na+ and K+ through the sodium-potassium pump At synapse, calcium channels open to allow calcium to rush in, stimulating release of neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters released into synapse to generate action potential for motor neuron or muscle cell Vocabulary active transport amphipathic apoptosis aquaporin axon carrier protein cell wall centrioles channel protein chloroplast concentration gradient cytoplasm cytoskeleton dendrites depolarization diffusion endocytosis endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus hypertonic hypotonic isotonic ligand lysosome membrane mitochondrion neuron neurotransmitter nuclear envelope phospholipid plasma membrane plasmolysis polarization prokaryotic cell repolarization ribosome rough ER selectively permeable smooth ER synapse exocytosis eukaryotic cell facilitated diffusion flagella fluid mosaic model nucleus organelles osmosis passive transport phagocytosis surface area:volume ratio transmembrane protein vacuole Thinking Practice For each molecule shown to the right, answer the following, providing justifications for each: Is it polar or nonpolar? Is it hydrophobic or hydrophilic? In order to be transferred into a cell, would the molecule require a protein channel?
2_cells.docx