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Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, and Brigitte Zimmerman. (2016a). “Varieties of Democracy: Dataset v6.” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, M. Steven Fish, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Kelly McMann, Daniel Pemstein, Megan Reif, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Eitan Tzelgov, and Yi-ting Wang. (2016b). “Varieties of Democracy: Codebook Version 6.” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. Creative Associates International. 2009. “Technical Guidance for Election Security: Handbook and Implementation Framework First Draft.” Washington, DC: Creative Associates International. Cyllah, Almami (ed.). 2014. Elections Dying For? A Selection of Case Studies from Africa, Washington, DC: International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Daxecker, Ursula. 2012. “The cost of exposing cheating: International election monitoring, fraud, and post-election violence in Africa.” Journal of Peace Research 49(4) 503–16. --- 2014. “All quiet on election day? International election observation and incentives for violence in African elections.” Electoral Studies 34, 232-43. Joint Task Force on Electoral Assistance (EC-UNDP-JTFEA). 2011. “Elections, Violence and Conflict Prevention: Summary Report.” Brussels: Joint Task Force on Electoral Assistance. Figueroa, M. and A. Sives (2002), ‘Homogenous Voting, Electoral Manipulation and the “Garrison” Process in Post-Independence Jamaica’, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 40.1, pp. 81-108. Fischer, Jeff. 2002. “Electoral Conflict and Violence: A Strategy for and Prevention.” IFES White Paper. Washington, DC: IFES.
Electoral_violence_patterns_and_trends_final_May_2017.docx