muscles or skeleton or excretory system or mesoderm – respiratory system or circulatory system (or blood) Placenta origin: uterine tissue and embryonic tissue 2 [allow from mother and baby] 3 Functions: (iii) produces hormones (or named) / allows passage of food (or named)/ and oxygen / antibodies / waste (or named) / acts as a barrier or explained 3(2) any three (iv) Progesterone 2 Amnion: sac or membrane 2 (v) holds or produces fluid or protects embryo (or foetus) 2 2005 HL Q13 Testis 13. (a) (i) 3 Development of secondary sexual characteristics or example named / development of sex organs /sperm production (ii) 2(3) any two Diagram (testis, associated duct, penis) 6, 3, 0 (b) (i) labels 2(3) (ii) Testis 3 Size comment / shape or structural comment / motile (only if chromosomal difference / does ‘tail or ‘flagellum’’ not given)/ (iii) 2(3) not (usually) contribute mitochondrial DNA to zygote any two (iv) gland / seminal vesicle / prostate gland 3 Cowper’s Allows sperm to swim / provides nutrients / lubricant / protects (v) 3 sperm Prevention of fertilisation (conception) or implantation or (c) (i) 3 pregnancy Vasectomy or described 3 Advantage simple operation/ avoids side effects of hormonal – (ii) contraception / effective / single procedure 3 not easily reversed / medical complications / Disadvantage – no protection against STIs 3 (iii) Any three examples 3(3) Decrease (no increase) in population / demographic imbalance/ (iv) 3 improved social conditions /comment on STIs / health issues 2006 HL Q15(c) (c) ANY THREE TOPICS shedding of endometrium / in absence of menstruation: (i) fertilisation or low level of progesterone 4+2(3) Endometriosis or fibroids / comment disorder: Antibodies or immunity / less danger of infection/ uterus (ii) 4+2(3) contracts /
mesoderm – muscles or skeleton or excretory system or respiratory system or circulatory system (or blood) (iii) Placenta origin: uterine tissue and embryonic tissue [allow from mother and baby] 3 Functions: produces hormones (or named) / allows passage of food (or named)/ and oxygen / antibodies / waste (or named) / acts as a barrier or explained any three 2 3(2) (iv) Progesterone 2 (v) Amnion: sac or membrane holds or produces fluid or protects embryo (or foetus) 2 2 2005 HL Q13 13. (a) (i) Testis 3 (ii) Development of secondary sexual characteristics or example named / development of sex organs /sperm production any two 2(3) (b) (i) Diagram (testis, associated duct, penis) labels 6, 3, 0 2(3) (ii) Testis 3 (iii) Size comment / shape or structural comment / motile (only if ‘tail or ‘flagellum’’ not given)/ chromosomal difference / does not (usually) contribute mitochondrial DNA to zygote any two 2(3) (iv) Cowper’s gland / seminal vesicle / prostate gland 3 (v) Allows sperm to swim / provides nutrients / lubricant / protects sperm 3 (c) (i) Prevention of fertilisation (conception) or implantation or pregnancy 3 (ii) Vasectomy or described Advantage – simple operation/ avoids side effects of hormonal contraception / effective / single procedure Disadvantage – not easily reversed / medical complications / no protection against STIs 3 3 3 (iii) Any three examples 3(3) (iv) Decrease (no increase) in population / demographic imbalance/ improved social conditions /comment on STIs / health issues 3 2006 HL Q15(c) (c) ANY THREE TOPICS (i) menstruation: shedding of endometrium / in absence of fertilisation or low level of progesterone disorder: Endometriosis or fibroids / comment 4+2(3) (ii) Antibodies or immunity / less danger of infection/ uterus contracts / 4+2(3)
3.6.2%20HUMAN%20REPRODUCTION.docx