draw nutrition from the host. Hence leafy crop varieties, dense, and, at this stage, cause maximum damage to uniform planting and with legumes, all tend to suppress the weed. the host. Infestation of a cereal crop by S. hermonthica may be apparent before emergence from the soil, by the chlorotic blotches on the crop foliage. Table A. 8. Crop: RICE TYPE OF DAMAGE DONE AVAILABLE IPM CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDED PESTICIDES, WHEN NEEDED Stalk-eyed fly As a result of fly maggot feeding the central Plant recommended early maturing varieties Pyrethrin whorl does not open, but dries-up and dies, Destruction of eggs in the seedbeds Diopsis spp producing what is commonly known as "dead Early planting heart". Use recommended plant spacing Minimize simultaneous planting as this provides Maggots move readily from one tiller to food continuously for the pest another. Later generations feed on the Destruction of stubble after harvest developing flower head. A severe attack is likely Clean weeding to occur when water levels are low. Such Plough after harvest to expose the eggs to natural attacks reduce yields of rice plants. Shoot fly enemies attack rice plants early in the crop growth stage, shortly after emergence in direct-seeded fields or shortly after . They are present throughout
and, at this stage, cause maximum damage to the host. Infestation of a cereal crop by S. hermonthica may be apparent before emergence from the soil, by the chlorotic blotches on the crop foliage. draw nutrition from the host. Hence leafy crop varieties, dense, uniform planting and with legumes, all tend to suppress the weed. Table A. 8. Crop: RICE TYPE OF DAMAGE DONE AVAILABLE IPM CONTROL MEASURES RECOMMENDED PESTICIDES, WHEN NEEDED Stalk-eyed fly Diopsis spp As a result of fly maggot feeding the central whorl does not open, but dries-up and dies, producing what is commonly known as "dead heart". Maggots move readily from one tiller to another. Later generations feed on the developing flower head. A severe attack is likely to occur when water levels are low. Such attacks reduce yields of rice plants. Shoot fly attack rice plants early in the crop growth stage, shortly after emergence in direct-seeded fields or shortly after . They are present throughout Plant recommended early maturing varieties Destruction of eggs in the seedbeds Early planting Use recommended plant spacing Minimize simultaneous planting as this provides food continuously for the pest Destruction of stubble after harvest Clean weeding Plough after harvest to expose the eggs to natural enemies Pyrethrin
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