Sources: Jeremy Edwards and Sheilagh Ogilvie, Banks and German ‘Universal Industrialization: A Re-Appraisal’, 2nd ser., 49:3 (August 1996), The Economic History Review, 427-46, Table I, p. 431 (with some of my own arithmetic adjustments); R.W. Goldsmith, (New Haven, 1969), pp. 514-15. Financial Structure and Development Table 2. Assets of German Financial Institutions in Billions of Marks Financial 1860 1880 1900 1913 % of Total Institution in 1913 0.95 1.57 2.57 4.03 4.44% Central Bank 0.39 1.35 6.96 22.04 24.30% National and Regional Banks 1.50 2.50 3.50 4.98 5.49% Private Bankers Savings Banks 0.51 2.78 9.45 22.56 24.88% 0.01 0.59 1.68 6.20 6.84% Credit Unions Private 0.04 1.85 7.50 13.55 14.94% Mortgage Banks Public 0.68 1.76 4.05 7.20 7.94% Mortgage Banks 0.07 0.44 2.42 5.64 6.22% Life Insurance Companies Property 0.00 0.35 0.83 2.05 2.26% Insurance Cos Social 0.00 0.00 0.87 2.44 2.69% Insurance Companies
Sources: Jeremy Edwards and Sheilagh Ogilvie, ‘Universal Banks and German Industrialization: A Re-Appraisal’, The Economic History Review, 2nd ser., 49:3 (August 1996), 427-46, Table I, p. 431 (with some of my own arithmetic adjustments); R.W. Goldsmith, Financial Structure and Development (New Haven, 1969), pp. 514-15. Table 2. Assets of German Financial Institutions in Billions of Marks Financial Institution 1860 1880 1900 1913 % of Total in 1913 Central Bank 0.95 1.57 2.57 4.03 4.44% National and Regional Banks 0.39 1.35 6.96 22.04 24.30% Private Bankers 1.50 2.50 3.50 4.98 5.49% Savings Banks 0.51 2.78 9.45 22.56 24.88% Credit Unions 0.01 0.59 1.68 6.20 6.84% Private Mortgage Banks 0.04 1.85 7.50 13.55 14.94% Public Mortgage Banks 0.68 1.76 4.05 7.20 7.94% Life Insurance Companies 0.07 0.44 2.42 5.64 6.22% Property Insurance Cos 0.00 0.35 0.83 2.05 2.26% Social Insurance Companies 0.00 0.00 0.87 2.44 2.69%
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