Cummins’ 4 Quadrants Cognitively Undemanding (BICS) Telephone Conversations Beginning ESL Refrigerator Notes Total Physical Response (TPR) Written Directions Following Directions Instructions (No Context Face-to-Face Conservation Diagrams or Pictures) Reduced Getting Absence Excuse Buying Popcorn Oral Presentations Context Content Classes (Art, Music) Embedded Demonstrations Standardized Tests Experiments Reading & Writing Multi-media assisted-lessons Math Concepts & Applications Basic Math Computations Explanations of Abstract Concepts Plane Geometry Lectures with few or no illustrations Projects & Activities Social Science Tests Health Instruction Mainstream English Tests Social Studies (sheltered) Most Content Areas Science Experiments Cognitively Demanding (CALP) Source: jillrobbins.com/gwu/cummins_quad.jpg
Cummins’ 4 Quadrants Cognitively Undemanding (BICS) Context Embedded Beginning ESL Total Physical Response (TPR) Following Directions Face-to-Face Conservation Getting Absence Excuse Buying Popcorn Oral Presentations Content Classes (Art, Music) Telephone Conversations Refrigerator Notes Written Directions Instructions (No Diagrams or Pictures) Context Reduced Demonstrations Experiments Multi-media assisted-lessons Basic Math Computations Plane Geometry Projects & Activities Health Instruction Social Studies (sheltered) Science Experiments Standardized Tests Reading & Writing Math Concepts & Applications Explanations of Abstract Concepts Lectures with few or no illustrations Social Science Tests Mainstream English Tests Most Content Areas Cognitively Demanding (CALP) Source: jillrobbins.com/gwu/cummins_quad.jpg
2nd-Language-Acquisition.docx