Impervious core and shell Seepage control, filter and drainage Wave protection Freeboard Allowance for settlement width and crest protection Embankment vegetation, and The design has to ensure: It is impermeable enough to prevent excessive loss of water from the reservoir. all conditions of construction, reservoir operation, and seismic activity, the embankment slopes, foundation, and abutments must remain stable. Seepage through the embankment, foundation, and abutments must be properly controlled and collected to prevent excessive pore water pressures, piping, sloughing and removal of material by solution or erosion of material by loss into cracks, joints, and cavities. Settlement of the dam and foundation must not be excessive so as not to reduce the freeboard of the dam. The upstream slope must be protected against erosion by wave action, and the dam crest and downstream slope must be protected against erosion due to wind and rain. A sufficient bond between the embankment and its foundation must exist to prevent the development of seepage paths; excessive hydrostatic uplift must be controlled by proper drainage. The single most common cause of earthen dam failures is overtopping of the embankment. An undersized spillway will lead to overtopping; therefore spillway design is critical to reservoirs. The spillway must be located such that discharge will not erode or undermine the toe of the dam. If the banks of the spillway are made of erosive material, provision must be made for their protection. Consideration must be given to the hazard to human life and potential property damage that may result from the failure of the dam or excessive flow rates through the spillway. Further consideration must be given to the likelihood of downstream development that may result in an elevation of the hazard classification. Such developments should be monitored and pointed out in dam safety reports. Concrete Gravity Dam Design The major concepts and criteria in designing a concrete gravity dam are that it has to be: Safe against overturning at any horizontal within the dam. Safe against sliding at any surface within the dam and its foundation. So proportioned that the allowable stresses in both the concrete and the foundation shall not be exceeded.
Impervious core and shell Seepage control, filter and drainage Wave protection Freeboard Allowance for settlement width and crest protection Embankment vegetation, and The design has to ensure: It is impermeable enough to prevent excessive loss of water from the reservoir. all conditions of construction, reservoir operation, and seismic activity, the embankment slopes, foundation, and abutments must remain stable. Seepage through the embankment, foundation, and abutments must be properly controlled and collected to prevent excessive pore water pressures, piping, sloughing and removal of material by solution or erosion of material by loss into cracks, joints, and cavities. Settlement of the dam and foundation must not be excessive so as not to reduce the freeboard of the dam. The upstream slope must be protected against erosion by wave action, and the dam crest and downstream slope must be protected against erosion due to wind and rain. A sufficient bond between the embankment and its foundation must exist to prevent the development of seepage paths; excessive hydrostatic uplift must be controlled by proper drainage. The single most common cause of earthen dam failures is overtopping of the embankment. An undersized spillway will lead to overtopping; therefore spillway design is critical to reservoirs. The spillway must be located such that discharge will not erode or undermine the toe of the dam. If the banks of the spillway are made of erosive material, provision must be made for their protection. Consideration must be given to the hazard to human life and potential property damage that may result from the failure of the dam or excessive flow rates through the spillway. Further consideration must be given to the likelihood of downstream development that may result in an elevation of the hazard classification. Such developments should be monitored and pointed out in dam safety reports. Concrete Gravity Dam Design The major concepts and criteria in designing a concrete gravity dam are that it has to be: Safe against overturning at any horizontal within the dam. Safe against sliding at any surface within the dam and its foundation. So proportioned that the allowable stresses in both the concrete and the foundation shall not be exceeded.
E28960v30EA0P100Box370037B07125502.docx