– FRANCE: Religious war broke out in France in 1562 Elizabeth was concerned about its potential to threaten her realm by encouraging religious conflict in England. Wrote to Phillip II of Spain and said how troubled and perplexed she was. Elizabeth had agreed in 1562 to help French Protestants, hoping to get Calais back in return. She had already successfully helped Scottish Protestant Lords rebel against Catholic rule in 1560 BUT policy failed – French – Protestants made peace with the Catholics in 1562. In 1564 the Treaty of Troyes was signed Calais belonged to France = all Elizabeth had achieved was to irritate Phillip II of Spain by supporting Protestant rebels. The Counter Reformation meant the pope was prepared to end Protestant rule in THE PAPCY: England. He disapproved of the steps that Elizabeth had taken to suppress Catholicism following the Revolt of the Northern Earls. The people excommunicated Elizabeth in 1570 (officially excluded her from the Catholic Church), which could encourage Catholic powers such as France and Spain to attack England SPAIN: In 1566 the Dutch rebelled against Spanish occupation. Elizabeth outwardly condemned the Dutch rebels, known as the Sea Beggars, but many made their way to England. Spanish atrocities against Protestants (hundreds put to their death) put Elizabeth under pressure to shelter rebels, who attacked Spanish Ships in the Channel. was further angered by England’s seizure of the Genoese loan in 1568. The Italian city of Genoa lent gold to the Spanish government. Ships carrying the loan sheltered in English ports, where Elizabeth seized it, arguing it belonged to Italian bankers not Spain. By 1570, Spanish rule in the Netherlands was secure. The Privy Council now feared a Spanish invasion as Spanish troops were in the Spanish Netherlands close to England. The presence of Mary, Queen of Scots, as an alternative Catholic monarch encouraged the Spanish government to plot against Elizabeth 1.4 The problem of Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots, had a legitimate claim to the English throne and was at the centre of many plots designed to overthrow Elizabeth. She was Henry VII’s great-granddaughter and Elizabeth’s second cousin. She was descended from Margaret Tudor, Henry VIII’ sister, was Catholic and had a legitimate claim to the throne. Mary was married to the French King, Francis II and inherited the Scottish crown when she was only 6 days old, while Mary was France, her mother, Mary of Guise, ruled Scotland. Why was Mary important?
FRANCE: Religious war broke out in France in 1562 – Elizabeth was concerned about its potential to threaten her realm by encouraging religious conflict in England. Wrote to Phillip II of Spain and said how troubled and perplexed she was. Elizabeth had agreed in 1562 to help French Protestants, hoping to get Calais back in return. She had already successfully helped Scottish Protestant Lords rebel against Catholic rule in 1560 BUT policy failed – French Protestants made peace with the Catholics in 1562. In 1564 the Treaty of Troyes was signed – Calais belonged to France = all Elizabeth had achieved was to irritate Phillip II of Spain by supporting Protestant rebels. THE PAPCY: The Counter Reformation meant the pope was prepared to end Protestant rule in England. He disapproved of the steps that Elizabeth had taken to suppress Catholicism following the Revolt of the Northern Earls. The people excommunicated Elizabeth in 1570 (officially excluded her from the Catholic Church), which could encourage Catholic powers such as France and Spain to attack England SPAIN: In 1566 the Dutch rebelled against Spanish occupation. Elizabeth outwardly condemned the Dutch rebels, known as the Sea Beggars, but many made their way to England. Spanish atrocities against Protestants (hundreds put to their death) put Elizabeth under pressure to shelter rebels, who attacked Spanish Ships in the Channel. was further angered by England’s seizure of the Genoese loan in 1568. The Italian city of Genoa lent gold to the Spanish government. Ships carrying the loan sheltered in English ports, where Elizabeth seized it, arguing it belonged to Italian bankers not Spain. By 1570, Spanish rule in the Netherlands was secure. The Privy Council now feared a Spanish invasion as Spanish troops were in the Spanish Netherlands close to England. The presence of Mary, Queen of Scots, as an alternative Catholic monarch encouraged the Spanish government to plot against Elizabeth 1.4 The problem of Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots, had a legitimate claim to the English throne and was at the centre of many plots designed to overthrow Elizabeth. She was Henry VII’s great-granddaughter and Elizabeth’s second cousin. She was descended from Margaret Tudor, Henry VIII’ sister, was Catholic and had a legitimate claim to the throne. Mary was married to the French King, Francis II and inherited the Scottish crown when she was only 6 days old, while Mary was France, her mother, Mary of Guise, ruled Scotland. Why was Mary important?
early_elizabethan_england_revision_guide.docx