(Goodman, 1997), showed that the mean child overall score and behavioural difficulties score went from being categorized as high’ pre-intervention to ‘very post-intervention. Scores from the subscales distress’, ‘high’ ‘emotional difficulties’, and with peers’ reduced from a categorization ‘hyperactivity ‘difficulties of to raised’. Prosocial behaviour also increased from to ‘high’ ‘slightly ‘low’ lowered’ in comparison to the norm. ‘slightly Parental Empathy Empathy was measured using the IRI and the to CPS philosophy’ subscale ‘adherence of the TK-COT (see Table 2). A total empathy score was created by adding the taking’ subscale score of the IRI with the to CPS philosophy’ ‘perspective ‘adherence subscale score of the TK-COT. The majority of the data appeared normally distributed, with the exception of the post kurtosis score for the IRI emotional concern subscale (see Table 3). Skew and kurtosis scores between -2 and +2 are considered to be acceptable indicators of a normal distribution (George & Mallery, 2010). As the post IRI emotional concern kurtosis value was 3.807, performing statistical tests that assume normal distribution may be inaccurate. In order to account for this, the bootstrap method using 2,000 bootstrap samples was used, which does not assume normality (Preacher & Hayes, 2004). The results showed a significant increase in overall parental empathy from pre- to post-intervention. Analysing data from the subscale scores indicated that following the CPS intervention there was a significant increase in parental perspective taking and a significant increase in adherence to the CPS philosophy that do well if they can’. No significant differences were found between pre and ‘children post-intervention on the IRI subscales of parental emotional concern and parental personal distress. Table 2: Means, Standard Deviations, Ranges and Results from Paired Sample Measure Subscale Mean Pre (SD) Mean Post (SD) Possible score ranges Mean Difference 95% CI t(df) p d SDQ Overall
(Goodman, 1997), showed that the mean child overall score and behavioural difficulties score went from being categorized as ‘very high’ pre-intervention to ‘high’ post-intervention. Scores from the subscales ‘emotional distress’, ‘hyperactivity difficulties’, and ‘difficulties with peers’ reduced from a categorization of ‘high’ to ‘slightly raised’. Prosocial behaviour also increased from ‘low’ to ‘slightly lowered’ in comparison to the norm. Parental Empathy Empathy was measured using the IRI and the ‘adherence to CPS philosophy’ subscale of the TK-COT (see Table 2). A total empathy score was created by adding the ‘perspective taking’ subscale score of the IRI with the ‘adherence to CPS philosophy’ subscale score of the TK-COT. The majority of the data appeared normally distributed, with the exception of the post kurtosis score for the IRI emotional concern subscale (see Table 3). Skew and kurtosis scores between -2 and +2 are considered to be acceptable indicators of a normal distribution (George & Mallery, 2010). As the post IRI emotional concern kurtosis value was 3.807, performing statistical tests that assume normal distribution may be inaccurate. In order to account for this, the bootstrap method using 2,000 bootstrap samples was used, which does not assume normality (Preacher & Hayes, 2004). The results showed a significant increase in overall parental empathy from to post-intervention. Analysing data from the subscale scores indicated that following the CPS intervention there was a significant increase in parental perspective taking and a significant increase in adherence to the CPS philosophy that ‘children do well if they can’. No significant differences were found between pre and post-intervention on the IRI subscales of parental emotional concern and parental personal distress. Table 2: Means, Standard Deviations, Ranges and Results from Paired Sample Measure Subscale Mean Pre (SD) Mean Post (SD) Possible score ranges Mean Difference 95% CI t(df) p d SDQ Overall pre-
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