Table 3. Comparison between the number of verbs with Conformation component (ENTER) in Turkish by the two bilingual groups and two monolingual groups for Event 1/Ball story. comparison Test results (two-tailed) Outcome Effect size Cramer’s V B-stud and B-return = 5.341, df 1, p <.05 * .254 χ2 B-stud and = 10.463, df 1, p < .001 ** .310 χ2 monolingual Turks B-stud and = 2.820, df 1, p = .093 n.s. n/a χ2 monolingual Germans B-return and = .309, df 1, p = .578 n.s. n/a χ2 Turkish monolinguals As mentioned section 3.1, some of the bilingual university students in Germany have a different migration history as they came to Germany after the age of three and are therefore best seen as late bilinguals. If this group is further broken down into those students who arrived before the age of three and those who arrived after the age of three, the same contrast is again observed, in that those who had had significant exposure to Turkish as spoken in Turkey (prior to coming to Germany) prefer in- whereas those who had been exposed to German since birth (and had had “descend”, little contact with Standard Turkish) prefer (see Table 4). gir- “enter”
Table 3. Comparison between the number of verbs with Conformation component (ENTER) in Turkish by the two bilingual groups and two monolingual groups for Event 1/Ball story. comparison Test results (two-tailed) Outcome Effect size Cramer’s V B-stud and B-return χ2 = 5.341, df 1, p <.05 * .254 B-stud and monolingual Turks χ2 = 10.463, df 1, p < .001 ** .310 B-stud and monolingual Germans χ2 = 2.820, df 1, p = .093 n.s. n/a B-return and Turkish monolinguals χ2 = .309, df 1, p = .578 n.s. n/a As mentioned section 3.1, some of the bilingual university students in Germany have a different migration history as they came to Germany after the age of three and are therefore best seen as late bilinguals. If this group is further broken down into those students who arrived before the age of three and those who arrived after the age of three, the same contrast is again observed, in that those who had had significant exposure to Turkish as spoken in Turkey (prior to coming to Germany) prefer in- “descend”, whereas those who had been exposed to German since birth (and had had little contact with Standard Turkish) prefer gir- “enter” (see Table 4).
11793_Daller_TreffersDaller_and_Furman.docx