CROPS AND CROPPING PATTERNS IN INDIA Three distinct agricultural seasons in India: Kharif (July- October): Rice, Millets, Groundnut, Cotton Rabi (November-March): Wheat, Sorghum, Gram, Barley, Oats Zaid June): Watermelon, Muskmelon, Cucumber, Vegetables GRAINS Crop Season, temperature, rainfall etc. Factoid Soil States % of area Rice Kharif is 2nd largest producer of Under the Major: Eastern, North-Eastern rice in the world after China right climatic and South-Eastern states High temperature (25+) conditions, soil is usually Minor: Northern plains (Punjab, High rainfall (annual +); in areas with low not a Haryana, Western UP); a strip rainfall, irrigation is required (canal/ tubewell constraint, along the Western Coast irrigation has made it possible to grow rice in but alluvial Haryana and Punjab; but is leading to declining soil is water tables. In contrast, Bihar’s water tables preferred are not being utilized well enough due to lack of energy and other infrastructure) Rabi Loam is best Major: Ganga-Satluj plains in the (Loam is soil north, and black soil region in Cool climate, with sunshine at the time of containing Deccan (Punjab, Haryana, UP, harvest almost equal Bihar, Rajasthan, MP) proportions 50-75 cm annual rainfall, evenly distributed of sand and through the growing season silt, and some clay)
CROPS AND CROPPING PATTERNS IN INDIA Three distinct agricultural seasons in India: Kharif (July- October): Rice, Millets, Groundnut, Cotton Rabi (November-March): Wheat, Sorghum, Gram, Barley, Oats Zaid June): Watermelon, Muskmelon, Cucumber, Vegetables GRAINS Crop Season, temperature, rainfall etc. Factoid Soil States % of area Rice Kharif High temperature (25+) High rainfall (annual +); in areas with low rainfall, irrigation is required (canal/ tubewell irrigation has made it possible to grow rice in Haryana and Punjab; but is leading to declining water tables. In contrast, Bihar’s water tables are not being utilized well enough due to lack of energy and other infrastructure) is 2nd largest producer of rice in the world after China Under the right climatic conditions, soil is usually not a constraint, but alluvial soil is preferred Major: Eastern, North-Eastern and South-Eastern states Minor: Northern plains (Punjab, Haryana, Western UP); a strip along the Western Coast Rabi Cool climate, with sunshine at the time of harvest 50-75 cm annual rainfall, evenly distributed through the growing season Loam is best (Loam is soil containing almost equal proportions of sand and silt, and some clay) Major: Ganga-Satluj plains in the north, and black soil region in Deccan (Punjab, Haryana, UP, Bihar, Rajasthan, MP)
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