2.3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. is a rod-shaped Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa aeruginosa) obligatory aerobic bacterium, belongs to the family of (Schwartz Pseudomonadaceae et 2006). It is one of the top opportunistic pathogens which are capable of causing al., NI when the host's resistance is low especially when there is a burnt-wound in the patient’s body (Stover 2000) and is associated with cystic fibrosis (Filho et al., et al., 1999). A lot of serious infections like pneumonia, otitis, endocarditis, septicemia and keratitis are caused by (Lavenir 2007). Most are P. aeruginosa et al., P. aeruginosa multiple drug-resistant and it exists widely in nature. strains also have P. aeruginosa developed resistance against antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones and even disinfectant (Schwartz 2006). et al., 2.4 Acinetobacter baumannii (A. is a Gram-negative bacterium, lives Acinetobacter baumannii baumannii) freely in water, soil and human skin, especially hands (Rungruanghiranya 2005). et al., The simplicity of its growth requirements and its high tolerance of environmental conditions results in more outbreaks caused by this pathogen (Chang 2009). In et al., Malaysia, the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 13.9% (Hughes 2005). et al., It can cause pneumonia, urinary tract infection, otitis media, catheter-related infection, central nervous system infection, peritonitis, and primary bloodstream infection (Levin 1999). The main pathway of the infection is through the hospital equipment, et al., especially the equipment which has direct contact with blood. The resistance of A. in fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and broad-spectrum b-lactams has baumannii been reported (Koeleman 2001) and from the surveillance carried out from 2004 et al.,
2.3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a rod-shaped Gram-negative obligatory aerobic bacterium, belongs to the family of Pseudomonadaceae (Schwartz et al., 2006). It is one of the top opportunistic pathogens which are capable of causing NI when the host's resistance is low especially when there is a burnt-wound in the patient’s body (Stover et al., 2000) and is associated with cystic fibrosis (Filho et al., 1999). A lot of serious infections like pneumonia, otitis, endocarditis, septicemia and keratitis are caused by P. aeruginosa (Lavenir et al., 2007). Most P. aeruginosa are multiple drug-resistant and it exists widely in nature. P. aeruginosa strains also have developed resistance against antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones and even disinfectant (Schwartz et al., 2006). 2.4 Acinetobacter baumannii Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a Gram-negative bacterium, lives freely in water, soil and human skin, especially hands (Rungruanghiranya et al., 2005). The simplicity of its growth requirements and its high tolerance of environmental conditions results in more outbreaks caused by this pathogen (Chang et al., 2009). In Malaysia, the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 13.9% (Hughes et al., 2005). It can cause pneumonia, urinary tract infection, otitis media, catheter-related infection, central nervous system infection, peritonitis, and primary bloodstream infection (Levin et al., 1999). The main pathway of the infection is through the hospital equipment, especially the equipment which has direct contact with blood. The resistance of A. baumannii in fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and broad-spectrum b-lactams has been reported (Koeleman et al., 2001) and from the surveillance carried out from 2004
DEVELOPMENT_OF_A_RAPID_DETECTION_ASSAY_FOR_POTENTIAL_NOSOCOMIAL_PATHOGENS.docx