Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis Article Sample details N Defeat and/or Measure of Psychiatric Measure(s) of Mean age Percentage entrapment defeat and/or disorder psychiatric (SD) of sample data analysed entrapment disorder female Allan & University 197 External Defeat and Depression CES-D 23.40 (8.0) 62.9 Gilbert undergraduates entrapment Entrapment (2002) Scales Birchwood Medicated; 84 Internal PBIQ Depression BDI 48.05 (13.2) 35.7 (1993) psychosis sample entrapment et al Birchwood First-episode 79 Internal PBIQ Anxiety Social Interaction Not reported 22.8 (2007) schizophrenia entrapment problems Anxiety Scale et al spectrum disorder Birchwood First-episode 150 Internal PBIQ-R Depression Calgary 23.37 (4.98) Not reported (2012) schizophrenia entrapment Depression Scale et al spectrum disorder for Schizophrenia Carvalho Depressed 106 Defeat; Defeat and Depression BDI 37.9 (10.6) 74.0 et (2013) outpatients Internal and Entrapment al Sample 1 external Scales entrapment Carvalho School and private 116 Defeat; Defeat and Depression BDI 35.9 (10.3) 75.0 et (2013) institution Internal and Entrapment al Sample 2 community external Scales convenience entrapment sample Clare & Medicated; Mixed 11 Internal PBIQ Depression BDI 35.00 (Not 27.3 Singh (1994) psychosis and entrapment reported) other affective disorders
Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis Article Sample details N Defeat and/or entrapment data analysed Measure of defeat and/or entrapment Psychiatric disorder Measure(s) of psychiatric disorder Mean age (SD) Percentage of sample female Allan & Gilbert (2002) University undergraduates 197 External entrapment Defeat and Entrapment Scales Depression CES-D 23.40 (8.0) 62.9 Birchwood et al (1993) Medicated; psychosis sample 84 Internal entrapment PBIQ Depression BDI 48.05 (13.2) 35.7 Birchwood et al (2007) First-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder 79 Internal entrapment PBIQ Anxiety problems Social Interaction Anxiety Scale Not reported 22.8 Birchwood et al (2012) First-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder 150 Internal entrapment PBIQ-R Depression Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia 23.37 (4.98) Not reported Carvalho et al (2013) Sample 1 Depressed outpatients 106 Defeat; Internal and external entrapment Defeat and Entrapment Scales Depression BDI 37.9 (10.6) 74.0 Carvalho et al (2013) Sample 2 School and private institution community convenience sample 116 Defeat; Internal and external entrapment Defeat and Entrapment Scales Depression BDI 35.9 (10.3) 75.0 Clare & Singh (1994) Medicated; Mixed psychosis and other affective disorders 11 Internal entrapment PBIQ Depression BDI 35.00 (Not reported) 27.3
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