transient evolution of the phenomenon depends on the initial perturbation imposed on the whole system. Kazmierczak and Poulikakos [16], investigated numerically the transient double diffusion phenomena in a stably stratified layer (water and salt) heated from below. The complete form of the governing equations, subjected to the Boussinesq approximation, was obtained and solved. A constant heat flux condition was imposed at the bottom wall. It is found that this kind of boundary condition generates a single well-mixed flow region, which grows with time. The growth of the bottom region and the increase of the local and average bottom wall temperature were investigated. Furthermore, authors analyzed the effect of the geometric aspect ratio (H/L) of the system as well as the effect of the ratio of the thermal to the solutal Rayleigh number (RaT/Ras) on the evolving temperature, concentration and flow fields. Kazmierczak and Poulikakos [16], concluded that the geometric aspect ratio of the system has a little impact on the phenomenon but the increase of the stability parameter RaT/Ras from 3 to 10 initiates significant 2D effects on the temperature and the concentration fields. On the other sides, several theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted on solar ponds and their potential applications in heating, power generation, and desalination. The main aim of these investigations was to understand the thermal behavior of these ponds as both solar energy collectors and heat stores under different operating conditions ([17] and [18]). Details on principle, types, and characteristics of solar ponds can be found in the review by Kalogirou [19]. The stability of salt-gradient solar ponds was studied by Ben Mansour et al. [20] using a 2-D, transient, variable property diffusive model under climatic conditions of Tunis city, Tunisia. It was found that the presence of heat extraction with its cooling effect tend to stabilize the pond. Giestas et al. [21] presented a numerical study based on the Navier-Stokes equations to investigate effect of solar radiation absorption on stability of solar pond. In another study, Giestas et al. [22] analyzed effects of non constant
transient evolution of the phenomenon depends on the initial perturbation imposed on the whole system. Kazmierczak and Poulikakos [16], investigated numerically the transient double diffusion phenomena in a stably stratified layer (water and salt) heated from below. The complete form of the governing equations, subjected to the Boussinesq approximation, was obtained and solved. A constant heat flux condition was imposed at the bottom wall. It is found that this kind of boundary condition generates a single well-mixed flow region, which grows with time. The growth of the bottom region and the increase of the local and average bottom wall temperature were investigated. Furthermore, authors analyzed the effect of the geometric aspect ratio (H/L) of the system as well as the effect of the ratio of the thermal to the solutal Rayleigh number (RaT/Ras) on the evolving temperature, concentration and flow fields. Kazmierczak and Poulikakos [16], concluded that the geometric aspect ratio of the system has a little impact on the phenomenon but the increase of the stability parameter RaT/Ras from 3 to 10 initiates significant 2D effects on the temperature and the concentration fields. On the other sides, several theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted on solar ponds and their potential applications in heating, power generation, and desalination. The main aim of these investigations was to understand the thermal behavior of these ponds as both solar energy collectors and heat stores under different operating conditions ([17] and [18]). Details on principle, types, and characteristics of solar ponds can be found in the review by Kalogirou [19]. The stability of salt-gradient solar ponds was studied by Ben Mansour et al. [20] using a 2-D, transient, variable property diffusive model under climatic conditions of Tunis city, Tunisia. It was found that the presence of heat extraction with its cooling effect tend to stabilize the pond. Giestas et al. [21] presented a numerical study based on the Navier-Stokes equations to investigate effect of solar radiation absorption on stability of solar pond. In another study, Giestas et al. [22] analyzed effects of non constant
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