Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) Cook Islands et Yes. NSW, NT and Yes. All citrus species are No. Not to be Assessment not required. No al. 2005), Samoa Qld (CABI 2016). susceptible to infection, but transmitted from citrus fruit [Pospiviroidae] (Davis et al. 2006a). may remain symptomless. or seed (CABI 2016). Fresh Infection is systemic, so lime fruit will not provide a some viroids could be pathway for transmission to present in the fruit. a susceptible host, so the viroid is unlikely to be able to establish. VIRUSES Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) Samoa (Davis et al. Yes. NSW (Letham No. Fruit may have chlorotic Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No 2006a), Tonga (Davis 1995), Qld ring-shaped symptoms on [Ophioviridae] et al. 2006b). (Simmonds 1966), the surface. Infected trees Psorosis SA (Cook and Dube have low yields and produce Note: Psorosis is thought to be caused by a 1989) and Vic. poor quality fruit (Sofy et al. complex of several viruses (Washington and 2007), which are unlikely to Nancarrow 1980). be suitable for export. Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) Cook Islands, Niue, Yes. NSW (Letham Yes. Citrus aurantifolia (key No. Not known to be seed Assessment not required. No Samoa, Tonga (Davis 1995), Qld lime) is reported as a host in borne (CABI 2016). Fresh Unlikely to establish and [Closteroviridae] et al. 2010). (Simmonds 1966), the Pacific Islands (Davis et lime fruit will not provide a spread via fresh fruit. Tristeza, lime dieback SA (Cook and Dube al. 2010), and Tahitian lime pathway for transmission to 1989) and Vic. is also a likely host. Virus is a susceptible host, so the (Washington and present in the phloem, so virus is unlikely to be able Nancarrow 1980). could be present in the to establish and spread. limes, although affected Several strains, but trees are unlikely to yield not all, are present export quality fruit. in Australia (PHA 2016).
Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) [Pospiviroidae] Cook Islands et al. 2005), Samoa (Davis et al. 2006a). Yes. NSW, NT and Qld (CABI 2016). Yes. All citrus species are susceptible to infection, but may remain symptomless. Infection is systemic, so some viroids could be present in the fruit. No. Not to be transmitted from citrus fruit or seed (CABI 2016). Fresh lime fruit will not provide a pathway for transmission to a susceptible host, so the viroid is unlikely to be able to establish. Assessment not required. No VIRUSES Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) [Ophioviridae] Psorosis Note: Psorosis is thought to be caused by a complex of several viruses Samoa (Davis et al. 2006a), Tonga (Davis et al. 2006b). Yes. NSW (Letham 1995), Qld (Simmonds 1966), SA (Cook and Dube 1989) and Vic. (Washington and Nancarrow 1980). No. Fruit may have chlorotic ring-shaped symptoms on the surface. Infected trees have low yields and produce poor quality fruit (Sofy et al. 2007), which are unlikely to be suitable for export. Assessment not required. Assessment not required. No Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) [Closteroviridae] Tristeza, lime dieback Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga (Davis et al. 2010). Yes. NSW (Letham 1995), Qld (Simmonds 1966), SA (Cook and Dube 1989) and Vic. (Washington and Nancarrow 1980). Several strains, but not all, are present in Australia (PHA 2016). Yes. Citrus aurantifolia (key lime) is reported as a host in the Pacific Islands (Davis et al. 2010), and Tahitian lime is also a likely host. Virus is present in the phloem, so could be present in the limes, although affected trees are unlikely to yield export quality fruit. No. Not known to be seed borne (CABI 2016). Fresh lime fruit will not provide a pathway for transmission to a susceptible host, so the virus is unlikely to be able to establish and spread. Assessment not required. Unlikely to establish and spread via fresh fruit. No
draft-review-bio-import-req-tahitian-limes-cook-islands-niue-samoa-tonga-vanuatu.docx