James & Ireland, Dublin Survey N=65 (41.4%) Cleary et al. (2002) 75% BPD to work “difficult” Cowman 1 MH service Questionnaire PN with. 2007 & UK Experimental N=173 (72%) 22 semantic differentials ranked Significant difference between PD/ Appleby Various Questionnaire P on 6 point scale. Higher no PD groups on 16/22 semantic 1988 score=more attitude. differentials (p<.05). “negative” Markham & UK Quasi N=48 (96%) Attribution style Q Control sig higher (p<.001) BPD Trower One NHS experimental PN (Dangan, 1998)-rated than depr (d=0.98) or schiz (d=1.44). 2004 (Inpatient) Repeated cause attribution for challenging Sympathy significantly lower measures behaviours. (p<.001) BPD than depr (d=1.44) or Sympathy & optimism rated on schiz (d=1.85). Optimism 7 point scale. significantly lower (p<.001) for BPD than depr (d=1.26) or schiz (d=0.91). Markham 2003 UK As above N=71 (99%) Social distance PN’s scores significantly higher As above 50 PN 11 items, 5 point scale (p<.001) on social distance for BPD 21 HCA’s Dangerousness scale than schiz (d=0.84) or depr (d=1.69). (Link et al. 1987). PN’s scores significantly higher Optimism-4 items, 7 point (p<.001) on dangerousness for BPD scale. than schiz (d=0.90) or depr (d=1.83). Optimism significantly lower (p<.001) for BPD than depr (d=1.22) or schiz (d=0.77).
James & Cowman 2007 Ireland, Dublin 1 MH service Survey Questionnaire N=65 (41.4%) PN Cleary et al. (2002) 75% BPD “difficult” to work with. & Appleby 1988 UK Various Experimental Questionnaire N=173 (72%) P 22 semantic differentials ranked on 6 point scale. Higher score=more “negative” attitude. Significant difference between PD/ no PD groups on 16/22 semantic differentials (p<.05). Markham & Trower 2004 UK One NHS (Inpatient) Quasi experimental Repeated measures N=48 (96%) PN Attribution style Q (Dangan, 1998)-rated cause attribution for challenging behaviours. Sympathy & optimism rated on 7 point scale. Control sig higher (p<.001) BPD than depr (d=0.98) or schiz (d=1.44). Sympathy significantly lower (p<.001) BPD than depr (d=1.44) or schiz (d=1.85). Optimism significantly lower (p<.001) for BPD than depr (d=1.26) or schiz (d=0.91). Markham 2003 UK As above As above N=71 (99%) 50 PN 21 HCA’s Social distance 11 items, 5 point scale Dangerousness scale (Link et al. 1987). Optimism-4 items, 7 point scale. PN’s scores significantly higher (p<.001) on social distance for BPD than schiz (d=0.84) or depr (d=1.69). PN’s scores significantly higher (p<.001) on dangerousness for BPD than schiz (d=0.90) or depr (d=1.83). Optimism significantly lower (p<.001) for BPD than depr (d=1.22) or schiz (d=0.77).
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