5 The effect of Interventions on self-esteem level Pre-test Mean Post-test Mean Study N I (SD) (SD) Result. Follow-up Result TG TG CG- CG TG T and TG TG CG TG CG Mean post C Mean(SD) (SD) used Borderline measured and sig 20.57 (SD: not 14 GD included in analysis 18.71† 18.29† N/A N/A N/A sig (1988) b 4.07) reported but not reported 7-11 not 6 OB CSEI. 83 (4) 75 (3) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A months: 84 76 (3) N/A (1990) sig (5) TG de wit et 75.97 TG Q 74.84 79.94 75.97 sig 73.72 al (2008 & 81 sig N/A N/A &D (10.43) (10.44) (8.71) (12.77) sig 2010) higher ** lower* 28.61 30.20 Post-test Sig 2 months: no Torok 97 SC RSES NC NC NC NC N/A N/A (4.50) higher *** 29.20 (4.52) control Note: N: Total number of participants in treatment group (and control if applicable), I: Intervention; GD: Group Discussion; OB: Outward bound course; Q & D: questionnaire and discussion; TG: treatment group; CG: control group; NC: No Control group;* P=0.06**p<0.05; ***p<0.01; † adjusted mean taking into account pre -treatment scores.
5 The effect of Interventions on self-esteem level Study N I Pre-test Mean (SD) Post-test Mean (SD) Result. Follow-up Result used TG CG TG CG CG- TG post T and C TG Mean(SD) CG Mean (SD) TG TG (1988) 14 GD b measured and included in analysis but not reported 18.71† 18.29† N/A N/A Borderline sig 20.57 (SD: 4.07) not reported N/A sig (1990) 6 OB CSEI. 83 (4) 75 (3) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7-11 months: 84 (5) 76 (3) not sig N/A de wit et al (2008 & 2010) 81 Q &D 74.84 (10.43) 75.97 79.94 (10.44) 75.97 (8.71) TG sig TG sig higher ** 73.72 (12.77) N/A N/A sig lower* Torok 97 SC RSES 28.61 NC 30.20 (4.50) NC NC Post-test Sig higher *** NC 2 months: 29.20 (4.52) no control N/A N/A Note: N: Total number of participants in treatment group (and control if applicable), I: Intervention; GD: Group Discussion; OB: Outward bound course; Q & D: questionnaire and discussion; TG: treatment group; CG: control group; NC: No Control group;* P=0.06**p<0.05; ***p<0.01; † adjusted mean taking into account pre -treatment scores.
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