Runoff: precipitation that flows over land into other bodies of water Evaporation when water from the Earth's surface changes into water vapor – Transpiration: evaporation from leaves Condensation when water vapor cools and changes into water droplets that – form clouds Watershed A region of land where water flows down into a specified body of water, – such as a river, lake, sea, or ocean. Tributaries: streams that flow into other streams Divide: high land that separates one watershed from another Aquifer a rock layer that stores groundwater and allows the flow of water – Saltwater intrusion when fresh water is withdrawn at a faster rate than it can be – replenished near an ocean coastal area, salt water from the ocean intrudes into the fresh water aquifer. The result is that fresh water supplies become contaminated with salt water. pollution pollution from one known source (1 particular factory) – Nonpoint-source pollution pollution from many unknown sources (stormwater runoff – from city streets, farmland, etc.) Most of Earth's freshwater is found in glaciers and ice caps where it is not available for human use. Biotic Index used to assess the quality of water in rivers. Measures the number and – variety of species in an ecosystem (and the presence of pollution tolerant or intolerant organisms), generally the the the ecosystem MORE VARIETY HEALTHIER Unit 5 Oceanography – The Coriolis Effect results from Earth’s rotation. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Earth and the Moon. Spring Tides Sun, Earth and Moon form a straight line, more extreme tides – (high tides are higher and low tides are lower) Neap Tides Sun, Earth and Moon form a 90° angle, more moderate tides (high – tides are not as high and low tides are not as low) Surface currents are driven by the wind Salinity measures salt in ocean water. Ocean water with MORE SALT = MORE DENSE than water with less salt. Salinity helps drive ocean currents dense water will sink and less dense water will rise. Currents move from cold to warm areas because density difference too.
Runoff: precipitation that flows over land into other bodies of water Evaporation – when water from the Earth's surface changes into water vapor Transpiration: evaporation from leaves Condensation – when water vapor cools and changes into water droplets that form clouds Watershed – A region of land where water flows down into a specified body of water, such as a river, lake, sea, or ocean. Tributaries: streams that flow into other streams Divide: high land that separates one watershed from another Aquifer – a rock layer that stores groundwater and allows the flow of water Saltwater intrusion – when fresh water is withdrawn at a faster rate than it can be replenished near an ocean coastal area, salt water from the ocean intrudes into the fresh water aquifer. The result is that fresh water supplies become contaminated with salt water. pollution – pollution from one known source (1 particular factory) Nonpoint-source pollution – pollution from many unknown sources (stormwater runoff from city streets, farmland, etc.) Most of Earth's freshwater is found in glaciers and ice caps where it is not available for human use. Biotic Index – used to assess the quality of water in rivers. Measures the number and variety of species in an ecosystem (and the presence of pollution tolerant or intolerant organisms), generally the MORE VARIETY the HEALTHIER the ecosystem Unit 5 – Oceanography The Coriolis Effect results from Earth’s rotation. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Earth and the Moon. Spring Tides – Sun, Earth and Moon form a straight line, more extreme tides (high tides are higher and low tides are lower) Neap Tides – Sun, Earth and Moon form a 90° angle, more moderate tides (high tides are not as high and low tides are not as low) Surface currents are driven by the wind Salinity measures salt in ocean water. Ocean water with MORE SALT = MORE DENSE than water with less salt. Salinity helps drive ocean currents dense water will sink and less dense water will rise. Currents move from cold to warm areas because density difference too.
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