New telescopes will be Solar optical observations White light, H-alpha able to resolve more and calcium K spatial details. images. Sunspots, Higher observing flares, filaments, frequency will provide prominences, better time resolution of coronal holes dynamic behaviour of solar structures. International dissemination of similar observations will provide 24-hour solar watch capabilities. New telescopes will be Solar radio observations Coronal mass – able to resolve more spectrograph and discrete ejections, radio spatial details. frequencies fadeouts, solar Higher observing activity (10.7 cm frequency will provide flux) better time resolution of dynamic behaviour of structures. International dissemination of similar observations will provide 24-hour watch capabilities. There will be improved Ionospheric observations - Measurements of time resolution. ionosonde the of the There will be automation ionospheres ability of ionogram analysis. to reflect high There will be an frequency radio expansion of ionosonde waves at various network. frequencies and heights. There will be an Ionospheric observations - Measures the expansion of riometer riometer "opacity" of the networks. ionosphere to radio noise. Absorption events. There will be improved Ionospheric observations - Total electron spatial resolution GNSS content of through extensive ionosphere, expansion of the ionospheric network of GNSS gradients, receivers. ionospheric will be improved scintillation. time resolution. There will be improved Geomagnetic observations Measurements of spatial resolution Earth's magnetic through extensive field and expansion of the geomagnetic network of disturbances. magnetometers. There will be improved time resolution Improved real-time data retrieval New SW services Cosmic ray observations Radiation There will be improved measurements real-time data quality Neutron and muon monitors
Solar optical observations White light, H-alpha and calcium K images. Sunspots, flares, filaments, prominences, coronal holes New telescopes will be able to resolve more spatial details. Higher observing frequency will provide better time resolution of dynamic behaviour of solar structures. International dissemination of similar observations will provide 24-hour solar watch capabilities. Solar radio observations – spectrograph and discrete frequencies Coronal mass ejections, radio fadeouts, solar activity (10.7 cm flux) New telescopes will be able to resolve more spatial details. Higher observing frequency will provide better time resolution of dynamic behaviour of structures. International dissemination of similar observations will provide 24-hour watch capabilities. Ionospheric observations - ionosonde Measurements of the of the ionospheres ability to reflect high frequency radio waves at various frequencies and heights. There will be improved time resolution. There will be automation of ionogram analysis. There will be an expansion of ionosonde network. Ionospheric observations - riometer Measures the "opacity" of the ionosphere to radio noise. Absorption events. There will be an expansion of riometer networks. Ionospheric observations - GNSS Total electron content of ionosphere, ionospheric gradients, ionospheric scintillation. There will be improved spatial resolution through extensive expansion of the network of GNSS receivers. will be improved time resolution. Geomagnetic observations Measurements of Earth's magnetic field and geomagnetic disturbances. There will be improved spatial resolution through extensive expansion of the network of magnetometers. There will be improved time resolution Improved real-time data retrieval Cosmic ray observations Radiation measurements Neutron and muon monitors New SW services There will be improved real-time data quality
EC-70-INF07-1(3)-WIGOS-VISION-2040_en.docx