stratigraphy, river quality data ice jams and dams, (temperature, sediment river icing (aufeis), load, algae, etc.) and maximum level river discharge gauging stations will be installed Crowd sourcing of information on flooding and river drying via the development of public observing networks and social media (including impact reporting) Ground water borehole Ground water level Ground water monitoring observations networks will be established at national level, and the data will be exchanged internationally Crowd sourcing of information on water levels in wells and wells drying will be acquired and incorporated by water management agencies Near-surface observations over ocean Higher data rate and Ground-based observing Surface pressure, cheaper satellite data stations at sea (ocean, temperature, telecommunication will island, coastal and fixed humidity, wind, be established for platform/station locations) visibility, remote automated and Coastal Stations, amount, type and stations. including ice radar base-height, More coastal HF radars precipitation, will be used, with better standardization of the temperature, instruments, and sharing directional and 2D of the data wave spectra, sea internationally. ice, surface Arctic: Potential for radiation variables, coastal stations near fast surface currents ice and drifting sea ice Ice thickness, ice Antarctic: Antarctic Fast type, and Ice Network sites as a topography, ice potential due to an motion already established infrastructure. Commercial will be Ship observations Surface pressure, designed and equipped temperature, to facilitate the making humidity, wind, of metocean visibility, cloud observations. amount, type and There will be increased base-height, use of X-Band radars for precipitation, wave observations and weather, sea sea-ice ridges. surface More systematic temperature, wave radiometer direction, period measurements will be and height, salinity, made from ships for currents, satellite validation. bathymetry, CO2 More systematic use will concentration, be made of
stratigraphy, river ice jams and dams, river icing (aufeis), maximum level quality data (temperature, sediment load, algae, etc.) and river discharge gauging stations will be installed Crowd sourcing of information on flooding and river drying via the development of public observing networks and social media (including impact reporting) Ground water borehole observations Ground water level Ground water monitoring networks will be established at national level, and the data will be exchanged internationally Crowd sourcing of information on water levels in wells and wells drying will be acquired and incorporated by water management agencies Near-surface observations over ocean Ground-based observing stations at sea (ocean, island, coastal and fixed platform/station locations) and Coastal Stations, including ice radar Surface pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, visibility, amount, type and base-height, precipitation, temperature, directional and 2D wave spectra, sea ice, surface radiation variables, surface currents Ice thickness, ice type, and topography, ice motion Higher data rate and cheaper satellite data telecommunication will be established for remote automated stations. More coastal HF radars will be used, with better standardization of the instruments, and sharing of the data internationally. Arctic: Potential for coastal stations near fast ice and drifting sea ice Antarctic: Antarctic Fast Ice Network sites as a potential due to an already established infrastructure. Ship observations Surface pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, visibility, cloud amount, type and base-height, precipitation, weather, sea surface temperature, wave direction, period and height, salinity, currents, bathymetry, CO2 concentration, Commercial will be designed and equipped to facilitate the making of metocean observations. There will be increased use of X-Band radars for wave observations and sea-ice ridges. More systematic radiometer measurements will be made from ships for satellite validation. More systematic use will be made of
EC-70-INF07-1(3)-WIGOS-VISION-2040_en.docx