activities are expanding exponentially. Water quality The deteriorating of raw water Increasing urbanization, Reduce water pollution (e.g. level of COD in Lake Victoria and other bodies population growth and and BOD) at major hotspots by ensuring continues to pose a challenge to anthropogenic activities have that all development is authorized and water treatment whereas the resulted in significant deterioration developers are fully complying with the quality of monitored effluent in the quality of both surface and approved conditions in their certificates of (municipal and industrial) groundwater. approval. improved considerably in FY Poor agricultural and sanitation The WMDP ESMF will ensure that High 2007/8. practices, industrial waste subproject screening will identify There are increasing incidences discharge, and localized pollution interventions which require EIAs or EMPs of surface water pollution from from mining activities. which must be reviewed by NEMA prior both domestic and industrial Attributed to among other factors to subproject approval. waste discharges, and run-off corrosion of borehole casings and from agricultural fields. raising mains and seepage of sewage waste Land use and land The majority of poor farmers and Lack of land use policy and The Project’s RPF will ensure that management pastoralists do not have the rangeland policy/pastoral code in proposed interventions will avoid and/or capacity to either invest in their minimize to the extent possible own land, or in off-farm involuntary resettlement or displacement. enterprises. The result is that Where land acquisition is required, RAPs household and farm productivity will need to be prepared. remains low or declines as land and fodder is continually exhausted. Medium Smallholders who might be able to invest have very limited access to financial products and services. Market access is poor and transportation and transaction costs are high, which puts downward pressure on returns to farmers. Institutional and Governance
activities are expanding exponentially. Water quality The deteriorating of raw water in Lake Victoria and other bodies continues to pose a challenge to water treatment whereas the quality of monitored effluent (municipal and industrial) improved considerably in FY 2007/8. There are increasing incidences of surface water pollution from both domestic and industrial waste discharges, and run-off from agricultural fields. Increasing urbanization, population growth and anthropogenic activities have resulted in significant deterioration in the quality of both surface and groundwater. Poor agricultural and sanitation practices, industrial waste discharge, and localized pollution from mining activities. Attributed to among other factors corrosion of borehole casings and raising mains and seepage of sewage waste High Reduce water pollution (e.g. level of COD and BOD) at major hotspots by ensuring that all development is authorized and developers are fully complying with the approved conditions in their certificates of approval. The WMDP ESMF will ensure that subproject screening will identify interventions which require EIAs or EMPs which must be reviewed by NEMA prior to subproject approval. Land use and land management The majority of poor farmers and pastoralists do not have the capacity to either invest in their own land, or in off-farm enterprises. The result is that household and farm productivity remains low or declines as land and fodder is continually exhausted. Smallholders who might be able to invest have very limited access to financial products and services. Market access is poor and transportation and transaction costs are high, which puts downward pressure on returns to farmers. Lack of land use policy and rangeland policy/pastoral code in Medium The Project’s RPF will ensure that proposed interventions will avoid and/or minimize to the extent possible involuntary resettlement or displacement. Where land acquisition is required, RAPs will need to be prepared. Institutional and Governance
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