GDM wkGA. Women who subsequently developed GDM were older, shorter, ≥28 more likely to be obese, gained slightly less weight, and were more likely to have induced labour and caesarean delivery (Table 1). Their babies were born slightly smaller, but had higher birth weight z scores and a higher proportion of them were . At 20 wkGA, there were no significant differences in fetal biometry associated with subsequent GDM, however, the risks of AC >90th and HC:AC ratio <10th percentile were increased in fetuses of obese mothers (Table 2). At 28 wkGA, subsequent GDM and maternal obesity were each associated with an approximate 2-fold risk of AC >90th and a 1.5 to 2-fold risk of HC:AC ratio <10th percentile. The effects of obesity and subsequent GDM were additive: the combination was associated with an almost 5-fold risk of AC >90th and an almost 3-fold risk of HC:AC ratio <10th percentile at 28 wkGA. Subsequent GDM and maternal obesity were each associated with an increased risk of AC growth velocity >90th percentile, and the combination was associated with an almost 3-fold risk. There were no interactions between the two exposures, or between either exposure and any of the maternal covariates in their associations with fetal biometry (all P>0.05). The relative risk of AC >90th percentile associated with subsequent GDM was similar when stratified by maternal obesity, the treatment used, the diagnostic criteria employed, and when the analysis was confined to women with a normal OGTT (Figure 1). Ultrasonic fetal biometry at 28 weeks identified pregnancies at increased risk of a infant at delivery among the 672 women who were obese and/or had a diagnosis of
GDM ≥28 wkGA. Women who subsequently developed GDM were older, shorter, more likely to be obese, gained slightly less weight, and were more likely to have induced labour and caesarean delivery (Table 1). Their babies were born slightly smaller, but had higher birth weight z scores and a higher proportion of them were . At 20 wkGA, there were no significant differences in fetal biometry associated with subsequent GDM, however, the risks of AC >90th and HC:AC ratio <10th percentile were increased in fetuses of obese mothers (Table 2). At 28 wkGA, subsequent GDM and maternal obesity were each associated with an approximate 2-fold risk of AC >90th and a 1.5 to 2-fold risk of HC:AC ratio <10th percentile. The effects of obesity and subsequent GDM were additive: the combination was associated with an almost 5-fold risk of AC >90th and an almost 3-fold risk of HC:AC ratio <10th percentile at 28 wkGA. Subsequent GDM and maternal obesity were each associated with an increased risk of AC growth velocity >90th percentile, and the combination was associated with an almost 3-fold risk. There were no interactions between the two exposures, or between either exposure and any of the maternal covariates in their associations with fetal biometry (all P>0.05). The relative risk of AC >90th percentile associated with subsequent GDM was similar when stratified by maternal obesity, the treatment used, the diagnostic criteria employed, and when the analysis was confined to women with a normal OGTT (Figure 1). Ultrasonic fetal biometry at 28 weeks identified pregnancies at increased risk of a infant at delivery among the 672 women who were obese and/or had a diagnosis of
DC16_0160_MS_R1_HM_comments_24_Feb_2016.docx