Bond needs to be measurable, i.e. an attachment scale • – Contact Skin-to-skin? Breastfeeding? • – What is your operational hypothesis for the experiment? • Newborns exposed to 30 minutes more skin-to-skin contact time with their mothers • immediately after birth than the standard hospital time allotted will demonstrate a higher score on the X Attachment Scale. What potential extraneous or confounding variables will it be important to control? • This small sample is not representative of the population. • willing to involve themselves in an experiment about their birth experience are also not • representative of the population. Are the mothers experienced mums or is this their first baby? • The nature of the birth may complicate the experience of attachment natural, drugs, • – complications such as breech position, multiple births, caesarean. What type of experimental design will you use? Explain your choice of design. • Independent groups would be the only feasible design here. The sample is too small for • Matched-pairs and repeated-measures is out of the question due to the nature of birth! If you find an acceptable significant difference in the results for the two groups (say, p 0.05), • ≤ what conclusion would you draw? What generalisation would you make? Conclusion Newborns exposed to 30 minutes more skin-to-skin contact time with their • – mothers immediately after birth than the standard hospital time allotted have demonstrated a significantly higher score on the X Attachment Scale. Generalisation extra bonding time enhances attachment • – Learning Activity 1.26 (p. 78-9) Study 1 voluntary participation, i.e. participants must freely choose to take part in research; must not be • pressured to participate or experience negative consequences if choose not to informed consent procedures, i.e. consent must be based on information about the nature and • purpose of the research; use of an appropriate consent form etc. professional conduct, i.e. the who is responsible for the research must ensure all • ‘lecturer’ ethical guidelines are considered and followed (and is therefore responsible for the assistant’s conduct). Study 2 use of deception: this is likely to be justifiable to ensure validity of the results but it also makes • proper debriefing of particular relevance. Study 3
• Bond – needs to be measurable, i.e. an attachment scale • Contact – Skin-to-skin? Breastfeeding? • What is your operational hypothesis for the experiment? • Newborns exposed to 30 minutes more skin-to-skin contact time with their mothers immediately after birth than the standard hospital time allotted will demonstrate a higher score on the X Attachment Scale. • What potential extraneous or confounding variables will it be important to control? • This small sample is not representative of the population. • willing to involve themselves in an experiment about their birth experience are also not representative of the population. • Are the mothers experienced mums or is this their first baby? • The nature of the birth may complicate the experience of attachment – natural, drugs, complications such as breech position, multiple births, caesarean. • What type of experimental design will you use? Explain your choice of design. • Independent groups would be the only feasible design here. The sample is too small for Matched-pairs and repeated-measures is out of the question due to the nature of birth! • If you find an acceptable significant difference in the results for the two groups (say, p ≤ 0.05), what conclusion would you draw? What generalisation would you make? • Conclusion – Newborns exposed to 30 minutes more skin-to-skin contact time with their mothers immediately after birth than the standard hospital time allotted have demonstrated a significantly higher score on the X Attachment Scale. • Generalisation – extra bonding time enhances attachment Learning Activity 1.26 (p. 78-9) Study 1 • voluntary participation, i.e. participants must freely choose to take part in research; must not be pressured to participate or experience negative consequences if choose not to • informed consent procedures, i.e. consent must be based on information about the nature and purpose of the research; use of an appropriate consent form etc. • professional conduct, i.e. the ‘lecturer’ who is responsible for the research must ensure all ethical guidelines are considered and followed (and is therefore responsible for the assistant’s conduct). Study 2 • use of deception: this is likely to be justifiable to ensure validity of the results but it also makes proper debriefing of particular relevance. Study 3
ch1la_answerguide.docx