The French revolutionaries declared that it was the mission of the French nation to liberate the people of Europe from despotism. They promised to help other people of Europe to become Nations. It give rise to the formation of Jacobin Clubs. Students and other members of educated middle classes in different cities of Europe formed these Jacobins clubs. Their activities and campaigns prepared the way for the French armies to carry the idea of nationalism abroad. 4. Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France, but in administrative field he ‘ incorporated revolutionary principles.’ Justify. OR What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him.? Through a return to monarchy Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in administrative he had incorporated the following revolutionary principles: All privileges based on birth were removed. Feudal system was abolished and peasants were free from serfdom. Transport and communication systems were improved . Introduction of uniform laws, standardised weights and measures and a common national currency facilitated the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another. In the towns, guild restrictions were removed. These measures came to be known as the civil code of 1804 or the Napoleonic Code. 5. Why was the Napoleonic rule over other regions unpopular with some sections of people? Initially the French armies were welcomed as messengers of liberty in other parts of Europe but it turned to hostility. The new administrative reforms did not provide political freedom. The people were unhappy with increased taxation and censorship. Forced conscription into French army to conquer other parts of Europe was an unpopular measure. The above measures outweigh the advantages of Napoleon’s administrative reforms. 6. There were no nation-states found in the map of mid 18th century Europe.’ ‘ Prove it. The present Germany, Italy & Switzerland were divided into small kingdoms whose rulers had their autonomous territories.
The French revolutionaries declared that it was the mission of the French nation to liberate the people of Europe from despotism. They promised to help other people of Europe to become Nations. It give rise to the formation of Jacobin Clubs. Students and other members of educated middle classes in different cities of Europe formed these Jacobins clubs. Their activities and campaigns prepared the way for the French armies to carry the idea of nationalism abroad. 4. ‘ Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France, but in administrative field he incorporated revolutionary principles.’ Justify. OR What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him.? Through a return to monarchy Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in administrative he had incorporated the following revolutionary principles: All privileges based on birth were removed. Feudal system was abolished and peasants were free from serfdom. Transport and communication systems were improved . Introduction of uniform laws, standardised weights and measures and a common national currency facilitated the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another. In the towns, guild restrictions were removed. These measures came to be known as the civil code of 1804 or the Napoleonic Code. 5. Why was the Napoleonic rule over other regions unpopular with some sections of people? Initially the French armies were welcomed as messengers of liberty in other parts of Europe but it turned to hostility. The new administrative reforms did not provide political freedom. The people were unhappy with increased taxation and censorship. Forced conscription into French army to conquer other parts of Europe was an unpopular measure. The above measures outweigh the advantages of Napoleon’s administrative reforms. 6. ‘ There were no nation-states found in the map of mid 18th century Europe.’ Prove it. The present Germany, Italy & Switzerland were divided into small kingdoms whose rulers had their autonomous territories.
class_x-nationalism_in_europe.docx