This is what is on the syllabus only, but I have made more concise notes which cover all of organic chemistry in the book chapters 17 and 18 BASICS (stuff that isn’t in the syllabus but is important): CnH2n+2 Alkane general formula – CnH2n Alkene - functional C=C bond, general formula: CnH2n+1OH Alcohol - the OH functional group and have the general formula: CnH2n+1COOH Carboxylic acid - COOH functional group, and have the general formula: Addition polymerisation all atoms in the monomer are used to form the polymer, double – bonds in molecules break in order to form a new bond Condensation polymerisation 2 different monomers join, double bonds are not broken, in – order form the monomers to join a small molecule has to be expulsed like water or HCl Esters are produced when carboxylic react with alcohols, the functional group is the ester link ( a carbon with a double bond to an oxygen and a single bond to another oxygen, I don’t think there is a general formula but if there was it would be something like this: CnH2n+1COOCtH2t+1 (note I used and since you can have several different “t” “n) combinations with one alcohol or one carboxylic acid 14.1 of compounds Name and draw the structure of the following compounds: Name Chemical Structure formula methane CH4 ethane C2H6 ethene C2H4 ethanol C2H5OH
This is what is on the syllabus only, but I have made more concise notes which cover all of organic chemistry in the book chapters 17 and 18 BASICS (stuff that isn’t in the syllabus but is important): Alkane – general formula CnH2n+2 Alkene - functional C=C bond, general formula: CnH2n Alcohol - the OH functional group and have the general formula: CnH2n+1OH Carboxylic acid - COOH functional group, and have the general formula: CnH2n+1COOH Addition polymerisation – all atoms in the monomer are used to form the polymer, double bonds in molecules break in order to form a new bond Condensation polymerisation – 2 different monomers join, double bonds are not broken, in order form the monomers to join a small molecule has to be expulsed like water or HCl Esters are produced when carboxylic react with alcohols, the functional group is the ester link ( a carbon with a double bond to an oxygen and a single bond to another oxygen, I don’t think there is a general formula but if there was it would be something like this: CnH2n+1COOCtH2t+1 (note I used “t” and “n) since you can have several different combinations with one alcohol or one carboxylic acid 14.1 of compounds Name and draw the structure of the following compounds: Name Chemical formula Structure methane CH4 ethane C2H6 ethene C2H4 ethanol C2H5OH
chemistry-igcse8.docx