syndrome? studies: 7 factor is causal A studies were but it is not included in conclusive Pediatrics the 116 (5): 1 Author’s e716-723 each conclusions: conducted in Published Type of the UK, studies source: Europe, USA, demonstrate a Systematic Ireland, significant Review Scotland, New reduced risk of Zealand, SIDS with Protective Netherlands. pacifier use, factor: Included particularly when Pacifier use studies were placed for sleep. conducted Encouraging Study between 1984 pacifier use is Population: and 2000. likely to be Infants up to beneficial on a 1 years Quality of population-wide included basis: 1 SIDS Searches studies: death could be were Assessed prevented for conducted against 6 every 2733 between: criteria set by (95% CI: 2416 Jan 1966 the developed to 3334) infants and May by the who use a 2004 American pacifier when Academy of placed for sleep Pediatrics (number needed Included study Task Force on to treat), based types: Case infant on the US SIDS control positioning rate and the and SIDS. 6 last-sleep of 8 included multivariate SOR studies met resulting from all criteria. this Therefore, we recommend that Synthesis: Meta-analysis pacifiers be offered to infants Findings: as a potential Seven studies method to were included reduce the risk in the meta of SIDS. The The pacifier should
syndrome? A Pediatrics 116 (5): e716-723 Type of source: Systematic Review Protective factor: Pacifier use Study Population: Infants up to 1 years Searches were conducted between: Jan 1966 and May 2004 Included study types: Case control studies: 7 studies were included in the 1 each conducted in the UK, Europe, USA, Ireland, Scotland, New Zealand, Netherlands. Included studies were conducted between 1984 and 2000. Quality of included studies: Assessed against 6 criteria set by the developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on infant positioning and SIDS. 6 of 8 included studies met all criteria. Synthesis: Meta-analysis Findings: Seven studies were included in the meta The factor is causal but it is not conclusive Author’s conclusions: Published studies demonstrate a significant reduced risk of SIDS with pacifier use, particularly when placed for sleep. Encouraging pacifier use is likely to be beneficial on a population-wide basis: 1 SIDS death could be prevented for every 2733 (95% CI: 2416 to 3334) infants who use a pacifier when placed for sleep (number needed to treat), based on the US SIDS rate and the last-sleep multivariate SOR resulting from this Therefore, we recommend that pacifiers be offered to infants as a potential method to reduce the risk of SIDS. The pacifier should
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