Why are surfactants important for assessing require surfactant, a soap-like substance, fetal lung maturity? to lower the surface pressure of the alveoli in the lungs. This is especially important for premature babies trying to expand their lungs after birth. During assessment of lung maturity what L-S ratio of 2 or more Lecithin/Sphingomyelin ratio (L-S ratio) indicates fetal lung maturity and decrease in respiratory distress syndrome? What L-S is considered high risk of L-S ratio of less than 1.5 respiratory distress syndrome? How is the amniotic collected and what An amniotic fluid sample is collected via must be done to it before determining the L-S amniocentesis and the sample is spun down in a ratio? centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 3–5 minutes. What is the best way to determine L-S ratio and Thin layer chromatography (TLC) on the why? supernatant. TLC is good because Lecithin and sphingomyelin are relatively easy to identify and the predictive value of the test is good. What is also tested with L-S ratio to determine Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) test is comined with the lung profile? L-S ratio to determine lung profile. As the gestation ages, what happens to the The concentration of PG increases as gestation Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) concentration? ages. What level of PG is considered positive on most Greater than 2 µmol/L. TLC techniques? What is Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM)? are genetically determined biochemical disorders affecting an individual’s ability to convert nutrients or to use them for energy production. They are caused by impaired activity of enzymes, transporters, or cofactors and result in the accumulation of abnormal metabolites (substrates). Typically present in newborn period or in infancy, but some may not be detected until adulthood. What is Abnormal Metabolites (Substrates)? It a substrate accumulation is block or deficiency product. What us Inheritance Pattern of Metabolic Inheritance Pattern Metabolic disorders are Disorders? caused by mutations in that code for specific enzymes or transporters involved in metabolic pathway. What is Autosomal Recessive Inheritance? It a mutation in both alleles encoding for specific enzyme or transporter. Because the mutation id a gene on a nonsex chromosome (autosome), girls are affected as often as boys.
Why are surfactants important for assessing fetal lung maturity? require surfactant, a soap-like substance, to lower the surface pressure of the alveoli in the lungs. This is especially important for premature babies trying to expand their lungs after birth. During assessment of lung maturity what Lecithin/Sphingomyelin ratio (L-S ratio) indicates fetal lung maturity and decrease in respiratory distress syndrome? L-S ratio of 2 or more What L-S is considered high risk of respiratory distress syndrome? L-S ratio of less than 1.5 How is the amniotic collected and what must be done to it before determining the L-S ratio? An amniotic fluid sample is collected via amniocentesis and the sample is spun down in a centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 3–5 minutes. What is the best way to determine L-S ratio and why? Thin layer chromatography (TLC) on the supernatant. TLC is good because Lecithin and sphingomyelin are relatively easy to identify and the predictive value of the test is good. What is also tested with L-S ratio to determine the lung profile? Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) test is comined with L-S ratio to determine lung profile. As the gestation ages, what happens to the Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) concentration? The concentration of PG increases as gestation ages. What level of PG is considered positive on most TLC techniques? Greater than 2 µmol/L. What is Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM)? are genetically determined biochemical disorders affecting an individual’s ability to convert nutrients or to use them for energy production. They are caused by impaired activity of enzymes, transporters, or cofactors and result in the accumulation of abnormal metabolites (substrates). Typically present in newborn period or in infancy, but some may not be detected until adulthood. What is Abnormal Metabolites (Substrates)? It a substrate accumulation is block or deficiency product. What us Inheritance Pattern of Metabolic Disorders? Inheritance Pattern Metabolic disorders are caused by mutations in that code for specific enzymes or transporters involved in metabolic pathway. What is Autosomal Recessive Inheritance? It a mutation in both alleles encoding for specific enzyme or transporter. Because the mutation id a gene on a nonsex chromosome (autosome), girls are affected as often as boys.
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