The way that a mineral reflects from its Metallic = shiny, Luster surface; two types metallic and – Nonmetallic NOT shiny – nonmetallic. Measure how easily a mineral can be Scratch with a nail, on glass, Hardness scratched, which is determined by the and on a penny. arrangement of a mineral’s atoms. The manner in which a mineral breaks along Looks like a Cube (Cleavage) Cleavage planes where atomic bonding is weak. When a mineral breaks into pieces with Fracture Non-geometric, like obsidian arclike, rough, or jagged edges. Color a mineral leaves when it is rubbed Streak across an unglazed porcelain plate or when it is broken up and powdered. Mineral or rock that contains a valuable Ore Ex. coal, gold substance that can be mined at a profit. Rare, precious, highly prized mineral that Gem Ex. Diamonds can be cut, polished, and used for jewelry. Why are minerals said to be occurring”? p.86 “naturally They are made of elements and by processes of the Earth (lava, pressure, temperature). Describe the atomic arrangement of a crystal. Are they unique or universal? Give an example, include a sketch. P.87 Atomic structure is unique to each mineral. What is the relationship between chemical elements and mineral properties? P.87
Luster The way that a mineral reflects from its surface; two types – metallic and nonmetallic. Metallic = shiny, Nonmetallic – NOT shiny Hardness Measure how easily a mineral can be scratched, which is determined by the arrangement of a mineral’s atoms. Scratch with a nail, on glass, and on a penny. Cleavage The manner in which a mineral breaks along planes where atomic bonding is weak. Looks like a Cube (Cleavage) Fracture When a mineral breaks into pieces with arclike, rough, or jagged edges. Non-geometric, like obsidian Streak Color a mineral leaves when it is rubbed across an unglazed porcelain plate or when it is broken up and powdered. Ore Mineral or rock that contains a valuable substance that can be mined at a profit. Ex. coal, gold Gem Rare, precious, highly prized mineral that can be cut, polished, and used for jewelry. Ex. Diamonds Why are minerals said to be “naturally occurring”? p.86 They are made of elements and by processes of the Earth (lava, pressure, temperature). Describe the atomic arrangement of a crystal. Are they unique or universal? Give an example, include a sketch. P.87 Atomic structure is unique to each mineral. What is the relationship between chemical elements and mineral properties? P.87
concepts_sm1_final_exam_review_guide_fall_2016_answer_key.docx