Free ground motions due to wave types propagated from source to site without distinct site specific features (such as, slanted layers, topographic effects, etc.) influencing the propagation, i.e., uniform site; for discussion purposes, vertically propagating shear and compressional waves; Free-field ground motion due to natural geological and geotechnical characteristics that differ from slanted layers of soil and rock, hard rock intrusions (dykes), basins, etc.; “a” – topographic effects (hills,valleys etc.); ground motion taking into account man-made features at the site, e.g., excavated soil and rock for construction purposes; construction of berms to support structures; etc. Relationship between vertical and horizontal ground motion; Effect of high water table on horizontal and vertical ground motion; Incoherence of ground motion, especially for high frequencies; Others to be identified. These topics are treated in more detail in Chapters 4, 5, and 7. MODELING SITE CHARACTERISTICS AND SOIL MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR In-situ soil profiles and configurations Field investigations of a site are essential to defining its characteristics. As in IAEA 9 [2-2], geological, geophysical, and geotechnical investigations should be performed on four spatial scales. The four spatial areas are regional (encompassing all important features outside the near regional area); near regional (an area composed of not less than a radius about the site of 25 km), site close vicinity (radius of less than 5 km), and site area. The first three scales of investigation lead primarily to progressively more detailed geological and geophysical data and information. The detail of these data is determined by the different spatial scales. The site area investigations are aimed at developing the geotechnical database. The data from these investigations and other sources are to be contained in a geological, geophysical, and geotechnical (GGG) database. To achieve consistency in the presentation of information, whenever possible the data should be compiled in a geographical information system (GIS) with adequate metadata information. The GGG database is complemented by a seismological database. investigations are feasible for new sites. However, the site area investigations may be difficult, but highly recommended, for existing sites with operating nuclear facilities.
Free ground motions due to wave types propagated from source to site without distinct site specific features (such as, slanted layers, topographic effects, etc.) influencing the propagation, i.e., uniform site; for discussion purposes, vertically propagating shear and compressional waves; Free-field ground motion due to natural geological and geotechnical characteristics that differ from “a” – slanted layers of soil and rock, hard rock intrusions (dykes), basins, etc.; topographic effects (hills,valleys etc.); ground motion taking into account man-made features at the site, e.g., excavated soil and rock for construction purposes; construction of berms to support structures; etc. Relationship between vertical and horizontal ground motion; Effect of high water table on horizontal and vertical ground motion; Incoherence of ground motion, especially for high frequencies; Others to be identified. These topics are treated in more detail in Chapters 4, 5, and 7. MODELING SITE CHARACTERISTICS AND SOIL MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR In-situ soil profiles and configurations Field investigations of a site are essential to defining its characteristics. As in IAEA [2-2], geological, geophysical, and geotechnical investigations should be performed on four spatial scales. The four spatial areas are regional (encompassing all important features outside the near regional area); near regional (an area composed of not less than a radius about the site of 25 km), site close vicinity (radius of less than 5 km), and site area. The first three scales of investigation lead primarily to progressively more detailed geological and geophysical data and information. The detail of these data is determined by the different spatial scales. The site area investigations are aimed at developing the geotechnical database. The data from these investigations and other sources are to be contained in a geological, geophysical, and geotechnical (GGG) database. To achieve consistency in the presentation of information, whenever possible the data should be compiled in a geographical information system (GIS) with adequate metadata information. The GGG database is complemented by a seismological database. investigations are feasible for new sites. However, the site area investigations may be difficult, but highly recommended, for existing sites with operating nuclear facilities. 9
CHAPTERS_1-7__01_Feb_2017_ver_508.docx