3. Fluids exert pressure evenly in all states that when the temperature directions. of a gas at constant pressure 4. Buoyant force is the upward force increases, its volume increases. exerted on an object immersed c. Gay-Lussac’s law states that in or floating on a fluid. when the temperature of a gas Archimedes’ principle states that at constant volume increases, its the buoyant force on an object is pressure increases. Pascal’s principle equal to the weight of the volume states that pressure applied of fluid that the object displaces. to a fluid in a closed container is Understanding Key Ideas transmitted equally throughout 5. d the fluid. c 6. Because the slope of the line 14. 7. b is positive, the relationship is 8. b direct. 9. d 15. Because it relates pressure and 10. c temperature, the graph illustrates 11. d Gay-Lussac’s law. Critical Thinking 16. Boyle’s law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. If the volume is tripled, the pressure of the gas would drop to one-third of the original pressure. Explaining Key Ideas 17. Liquids are used in hydraulic 12. The law of conservation of brakes because liquids cannot energy states that energy cannot be compressed easily. Gases are be created or destroyed. easily compressible. The law of conservation of mass 18. As you take a shower, some of states that mass cannot be created the liquid water evaporates and or destroyed. In a change becomes a gas. When the gaseous of state, energy and mass may water touches the mirror, be transformed, but they are not the water releases energy to the destroyed. mirror and condenses into drops 13. a. Solid is the state of matter in of liquid water on the mirror. which the substance has a definite 19. The pressure on the iceberg is and volume. Liquid is greatest at the lowest the state of matter in which the 20. As the bubble is squeezed to a substance takes the shape of its smaller volume, the pressure container but has a definite of the gas inside the bubble volume. increases until it is high enough b. Boyle’s law states that when to burst the bubble. the pressure of a gas at constant 21. The ship will float lower in the temperature increases, its volume water because the plastic-foam decreases. Charles’s law
3. Fluids exert pressure evenly in all directions. 4. Buoyant force is the upward force exerted on an object immersed in or floating on a fluid. Archimedes’ principle states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the volume of fluid that the object displaces. Understanding Key Ideas 5. d 6. c 7. b 8. b 9. d 10. c 11. d Explaining Key Ideas 12. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed. In a change of state, energy and mass may be transformed, but they are not destroyed. 13. a. Solid is the state of matter in which the substance has a definite and volume. Liquid is the state of matter in which the substance takes the shape of its container but has a definite volume. b. Boyle’s law states that when the pressure of a gas at constant temperature increases, its volume decreases. Charles’s law states that when the temperature of a gas at constant pressure increases, its volume increases. c. Gay-Lussac’s law states that when the temperature of a gas at constant volume increases, its pressure increases. Pascal’s principle states that pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container is transmitted equally throughout the fluid. 14. Because the slope of the line is positive, the relationship is direct. 15. Because it relates pressure and temperature, the graph illustrates Gay-Lussac’s law. Critical Thinking 16. Boyle’s law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. If the volume is tripled, the pressure of the gas would drop to one-third of the original pressure. 17. Liquids are used in hydraulic brakes because liquids cannot be compressed easily. Gases are easily compressible. 18. As you take a shower, some of the liquid water evaporates and becomes a gas. When the gaseous water touches the mirror, the water releases energy to the mirror and condenses into drops of liquid water on the mirror. 19. The pressure on the iceberg is greatest at the lowest 20. As the bubble is squeezed to a smaller volume, the pressure of the gas inside the bubble increases until it is high enough to burst the bubble. 21. The ship will float lower in the water because the plastic-foam
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