Wilson’s Fourteen Points Germany always maintained that the armistice was signed on the understanding that the peace settlement would be based on Wilson’s Fourteen Points, so it was seen as a betrayal because: Reparations were not mentioned in the Fourteen Points Wilson had proposed disarmament and an assembly of nations, but only defeated powers were disarmed and Germany were not allowed to join the League of Nations. The Fourteen Points stressed self-determination, yet in the treaty this didn’t to Austria, Alsace-Lorraine or the Saar Basin (for 15 years) Treaties with countries The treaties affecting Germany’s allies also all had: A war clause An obligation to pay reparations Reduction in armaments Acceptance of the Covenant of the League of Nations Further specific details included: The Treaty of Saint Germain with Austria, 10 September 1919: The new Republic of Austria had to accept the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Austria had to recognise the independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Poland Territory from the former Empire was transferred to Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Italy and Romania Union between Austria and Germany was forbidden In summary, Austria became a small, land-locked country surrounded by hostile states. Austria particularly resented the fact that union with Germany was forbidden and three million Sudeten Germans were placed under Czech rule going against the principle of self-determination. – The Treaty of Trianon with Hungary, 4 June 1920 Hungary to accept the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Hungary had to recognise the independence of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia Territory from the former Empire was transferred to Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania Hungary was dismayed by these terms. More than 70% of its territory and one-third of its population had been lost. Hungary was also deprived of its ports, becoming land-locked.
Wilson’s Fourteen Points Germany always maintained that the armistice was signed on the understanding that the peace settlement would be based on Wilson’s Fourteen Points, so it was seen as a betrayal because: Reparations were not mentioned in the Fourteen Points Wilson had proposed disarmament and an assembly of nations, but only defeated powers were disarmed and Germany were not allowed to join the League of Nations. The Fourteen Points stressed self-determination, yet in the treaty this didn’t to Austria, Alsace-Lorraine or the Saar Basin (for 15 years) Treaties with countries The treaties affecting Germany’s allies also all had: A war clause An obligation to pay reparations Reduction in armaments Acceptance of the Covenant of the League of Nations Further specific details included: The Treaty of Saint Germain with Austria, 10 September 1919: The new Republic of Austria had to accept the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Austria had to recognise the independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Poland Territory from the former Empire was transferred to Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Italy and Romania Union between Austria and Germany was forbidden In summary, Austria became a small, land-locked country surrounded by hostile states. Austria particularly resented the fact that union with Germany was forbidden and three million Sudeten Germans were placed under Czech rule – going against the principle of self-determination. The Treaty of Trianon with Hungary, 4 June 1920 Hungary to accept the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Hungary had to recognise the independence of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia Territory from the former Empire was transferred to Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania Hungary was dismayed by these terms. More than 70% of its territory and one-third of its population had been lost. Hungary was also deprived of its ports, becoming land-locked.
c20th_1_-_tov.docx