Soft soil Figure 2-18 Vertical stress redistribution on arching Vertical stress at surface between piles after arching on embankments resulted from zo,G,k surcharge divided into two groups, namely the vertical stress for static loading ( ) zo,G+Q,k and vertical stress for static and variable-dynamic loading ( ). (2-36) (2-37) where: k = unit weight of embankment ( kN/m3) = static loading (kN/m2) pG,k = static and variable loading (kN/m2) pG+Q,k = height of arching (m) hg = / 2 for > / 2 hg s h s = for < / 2 hg h h s = height of embankment (m) h = diagonal pile spacing (m) s = diagonal pile spacing (m) d = critical ratio of major stress = tan2 [ 45o + / 2] 'k Kkrit = . ( 1) / (2 . )  – d s = (s )2 / 8 1 d – 2 = (s2 + 2 ) / 2 d. s d2 s2 – Furthermore, the vertical stress at surface of piles after arching on embankments resulted from surcharge divided into two groups, namely the vertical stress for statis loading zs,G+Q,k (zs,G,k) and vertical stress for static and variable-dynamic loading ( ). zs,G,k k zo,G,k zo,G,k (2-38) = [ ( . + ) ] + h pG,k AE/As – zs,G+Q,k k zo,G+Q,k zo,G+Q,k = [ ( . + ) ] + h pG+Q,k AE/As – Vertical load on piles as: Fs,G,k (2-40) = zs,G,k . As Fs,G+Q,k (2-41) = zs,G+Q,k . As Then, vertical load on geosynthetic as: Fs,G,k k (2-42) = ( . + ). h pG,k AE Fs,G+Q,k k (2-43) = ( . + ). h pG+Q,k AE 2.5.3.6. Arching Evolution
Soft soil Figure 2-18 Vertical stress redistribution on arching Vertical stress at surface between piles after arching on embankments resulted from surcharge divided into two groups, namely the vertical stress for static loading ( zo,G,k ) and vertical stress for static and variable-dynamic loading ( zo,G+Q,k ). (2-36) (2-37) where: k = unit weight of embankment ( kN/m3) pG,k = static loading (kN/m2) pG+Q,k = static and variable loading (kN/m2) hg = height of arching (m) hg = s / 2 for h > s / 2 hg = h for h < s / 2 h = height of embankment (m) s = diagonal pile spacing (m) d = diagonal pile spacing (m) Kkrit = critical ratio of major stress = tan2 [ 45o + 'k / 2]  = d . ( – 1) / (2 . s ) 1 = (s – d )2 / 8 2 = (s2 + 2 d. s – d2 ) / 2 s2 Furthermore, the vertical stress at surface of piles after arching on embankments resulted from surcharge divided into two groups, namely the vertical stress for statis loading (zs,G,k) and vertical stress for static and variable-dynamic loading ( zs,G+Q,k ). zs,G,k = [ ( k . h + pG,k ) – zo,G,k ] AE/As + zo,G,k (2-38) zs,G+Q,k = [ ( k . h + pG+Q,k ) – zo,G+Q,k ] AE/As + zo,G+Q,k Vertical load on piles as: Fs,G,k = zs,G,k . As (2-40) Fs,G+Q,k = zs,G+Q,k . As (2-41) Then, vertical load on geosynthetic as: Fs,G,k = ( k . h + pG,k ). AE (2-42) Fs,G+Q,k = ( k . h + pG+Q,k ). AE (2-43) 2.5.3.6. Arching Evolution
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