(c) fats and oils consist mainly of esters of propane-1,2,3-triol with varying degrees of unsaturation CD Section 3 (c), (f), (i), (j), (k), – – (l), (n) (f) naming the individual functional groups mentioned elsewhere in the specification within a polyfunctional molecule and making predictions about the properties of the polyfunctional molecule; testing for these Food dyes and food testing then functional groups in a compound, using reactions mentioned in the specification form the context for studying the structure of fats and oils and the (i) the following reactions involving carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones): (i) oxidation of aldehydes to principles of gas–liquid carboxylic acids using acidified dichromate, under reflux; (ii) reaction with Fehling’s solution and Tollens' chromatography. The storyline reagent; (iii) reaction with cyanide ions to form the cyanohydrin ends with reactions of carbonyl (j) use of organic reactions and reaction conditions mentioned here and elsewhere in the specification to compounds, and case studies to suggest and explain synthetic routes for preparing organic compounds illustrate the synthesis of organic molecules. (k) the mechanism of the nucleophilic addition reaction between a carbonyl compound and CN–, using ‘curly arrows’ and partial charges (l) organic mechanisms: (i) use of the following terms to classify organic reactions: addition, condensation, elimination, substitution, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis; (ii) use of arrows’ and partial charges, where ‘curly appropriate, to describe unfamiliar mechanisms, given appropriate information (n) the general principles of gas–liquid chromatography: (i) sample injected into inert carrier gas stream; (ii) column consisting of high boiling liquid on porous support; (iii) detection of the emerging compounds (sometimes involving mass spectrometry); (iv) distinguishing compounds by their retention times.
CD – Section 3 – (c), (f), (i), (j), (k), (l), (n) Food dyes and food testing then form the context for studying the structure of fats and oils and the principles of gas–liquid chromatography. The storyline ends with reactions of carbonyl compounds, and case studies to illustrate the synthesis of organic molecules. (c) fats and oils consist mainly of esters of propane-1,2,3-triol with varying degrees of unsaturation (f) naming the individual functional groups mentioned elsewhere in the specification within a polyfunctional molecule and making predictions about the properties of the polyfunctional molecule; testing for these functional groups in a compound, using reactions mentioned in the specification (i) the following reactions involving carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones): (i) oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids using acidified dichromate, under reflux; (ii) reaction with Fehling’s solution and Tollens' reagent; (iii) reaction with cyanide ions to form the cyanohydrin (j) use of organic reactions and reaction conditions mentioned here and elsewhere in the specification to suggest and explain synthetic routes for preparing organic compounds (k) the mechanism of the nucleophilic addition reaction between a carbonyl compound and CN–, using ‘curly arrows’ and partial charges (l) organic mechanisms: (i) use of the following terms to classify organic reactions: addition, condensation, elimination, substitution, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis; (ii) use of ‘curly arrows’ and partial charges, where appropriate, to describe unfamiliar mechanisms, given appropriate information (n) the general principles of gas–liquid chromatography: (i) sample injected into inert carrier gas stream; (ii) column consisting of high boiling liquid on porous support; (iii) detection of the emerging compounds (sometimes involving mass spectrometry); (iv) distinguishing compounds by their retention times.
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