Genus - a group of closely related species. Together the genus and specific epithet names make up the binomial name used to name a species The Genus name is always capitalized, and the specific epithet is never capitalized. The Genus and specific epithet are always together, and italicized (or underlined). Example: or Homo sapiens Homo sapiens Taxonomic classification is hierarchical. A group of related genera make up a Family. Related families make up an Order. Related orders are grouped into a Class. Related classes are grouped into a Phylum or Division. Related phyla or divisions are grouped into a Kingdom. Related kingdoms are grouped into a Domain, the highest level of classification in the modern system. The gold standard for is based on DNA sequence similarities, but other criteria are used as well (we don’t have “related” the complete DNA sequence of all known species) The most widely accepted classification system today includes three domains and six kingdoms Two domains consist of prokaryotes, organisms with no true cellular nucleus Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria bacteria typically found in extreme environments; distinguished – – from other bacteria mainly by ribosomal RNA sequence; include methanogens, extreme halophiles, and extreme thermophiles Domain Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria very diverse of bacteria; examples: blue-green algae, – – Escherichia coli One domain, Eukarya, consists of eukaryotes, organisms with a discrete cellular nucleus; it is divided into four kingdoms: Kingdom Single celled and simple multicellular organisms having nuclei, and not fitting into the other Protista – three eukaryotic kingdoms. Includes protozoa, algae, water molds, and slime molds. Kingdom Plants are complex multicellular organisms having tissues and organs. Plant cells have walls Plantae – containing as the main structural component. Most are photosynthetic, and those that are have cellulose in chloroplasts. chlorophyll Kingdom Organisms with cell walls containing as the main structural component. Most are Fungi chitin – multicellular. Most are decomposers. Includes molds and yeasts as well as mushrooms, etc.
Genus - a group of closely related species. Together the genus and specific epithet names make up the binomial name used to name a species The Genus name is always capitalized, and the specific epithet is never capitalized. The Genus and specific epithet are always together, and italicized (or underlined). Example: Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens Taxonomic classification is hierarchical. A group of related genera make up a Family. Related families make up an Order. Related orders are grouped into a Class. Related classes are grouped into a Phylum or Division. Related phyla or divisions are grouped into a Kingdom. Related kingdoms are grouped into a Domain, the highest level of classification in the modern system. The gold standard for “related” is based on DNA sequence similarities, but other criteria are used as well (we don’t have the complete DNA sequence of all known species) The most widely accepted classification system today includes three domains and six kingdoms Two domains consist of prokaryotes, organisms with no true cellular nucleus Domain Archaea – Kingdom Archaebacteria – bacteria typically found in extreme environments; distinguished from other bacteria mainly by ribosomal RNA sequence; include methanogens, extreme halophiles, and extreme thermophiles Domain Bacteria – Kingdom Eubacteria – very diverse of bacteria; examples: blue-green algae, Escherichia coli One domain, Eukarya, consists of eukaryotes, organisms with a discrete cellular nucleus; it is divided into four kingdoms: Kingdom Protista – Single celled and simple multicellular organisms having nuclei, and not fitting into the other three eukaryotic kingdoms. Includes protozoa, algae, water molds, and slime molds. Kingdom Plantae – Plants are complex multicellular organisms having tissues and organs. Plant cells have walls containing cellulose as the main structural component. Most are photosynthetic, and those that are have chlorophyll in chloroplasts. Kingdom Fungi – Organisms with cell walls containing chitin as the main structural component. Most are multicellular. Most are decomposers. Includes molds and yeasts as well as mushrooms, etc.
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