Table 2. Studies of postpartum dyspareunia Study Study Design N/Parity Prevalence Risk factors Andrews et al. Prospective 241, 12% at 7 weeks Breastfeeding not associated with 1 day, 5 days, primiparous dyspareunia 7 weeks Greater perineal trauma associated with more dyspareunia at 7 weeks. Signorello et Retrospective 615, 41% at 3 months At 3 months, degree of perineal al. 3 and 6 primiparous 22% at 6 months trauma predicted dyspareunia months At 6 months, instrumental delivery, breastfeeding, history of dyspareunia predicted dyspareunia Barrett et al. Retrospective 484, 62% in 1st 3 At 3 months, dyspareunia was 3 and 6 months primiparous months associated with instrumental delivery, 31% at 6 months dyspareunia before pregnancy At 6 months, dyspareunia was (12% reported associated with breastfeeding, history dyspareunia was of dyspareunia (instrumental delivery present in no longer significant) pregnancy) Connolly et al. Prospective 150, 30% at 3 months Breastfeeding at 3 months predicted Pre-pregnancy primiparous 17% at 6 months dyspareunia at 6 months (retrospective), Mode of delivery and episiotomy were enrollment not associated with dyspareunia (retrospective for prior 7 days) 2 and 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months
Table 2. Studies of postpartum dyspareunia Study Study Design N/Parity Prevalence Risk factors Andrews et al. Prospective 1 day, 5 days, 7 weeks 241, primiparous 12% at 7 weeks Breastfeeding not associated with dyspareunia Greater perineal trauma associated with more dyspareunia at 7 weeks. Signorello et al. Retrospective 3 and 6 months 615, primiparous 41% at 3 months 22% at 6 months At 3 months, degree of perineal trauma predicted dyspareunia At 6 months, instrumental delivery, breastfeeding, history of dyspareunia predicted dyspareunia Barrett et al. Retrospective 3 and 6 months 484, primiparous 62% in 1st 3 months 31% at 6 months (12% reported dyspareunia was present in pregnancy) At 3 months, dyspareunia was associated with instrumental delivery, dyspareunia before pregnancy At 6 months, dyspareunia was associated with breastfeeding, history of dyspareunia (instrumental delivery no longer significant) Connolly et al. Prospective Pre-pregnancy (retrospective), enrollment (retrospective for prior 7 days) 2 and 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months 150, primiparous 30% at 3 months 17% at 6 months Breastfeeding at 3 months predicted dyspareunia at 6 months Mode of delivery and episiotomy were not associated with dyspareunia
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