Figure 5: The water-Voltage analogy representation The pressure at the end of the hose can represent voltage. The water in the tank represents charge. The more water in the tank, the higher the charge, the more pressure is measured at the end of the hose. We can think of this tank as a battery, a place where we store a certain amount of energy and then release it. If we drain our tank a certain amount, the pressure created at the end of the hose goes down. We can think of this as decreasing voltage, like when a flashlight gets dimmer as the batteries run down. There is also a decrease in the amount of water that will flow through the hose. Less pressure means less water is flowing, which brings us to current. It's important to know what to expect from a solar PV system. Panel performance will degrade slowly, and smoothly, over time, depending on the kind of photovoltaics that are used, and when they were built. A 0.5 - 2% loss in output per year per year should be expected. Inverter problems may show up more abruptly and before the photovoltaics reach their end of life. Also, physical damage to your panels can instantly affect their performance too. Variations in weather do make a difference, so if your panel output this month is 5% lower than the output from the same month last year, that doesn't necessarily mean there's a problem. It is important to take note of the states of solar PV systems which are classified in the following states: Off -Either no energy is produced, the solar panels are isolated, there isn’t enough exposure to the system, or the system is stopped manually. Idle - panels are in contact with sun rays but the DC power they produce is too low. Active - panels generate DC electricity and the inverter produces and supplies AC power. An error state - current break, under/overvoltage etc.
Figure 5: The water-Voltage analogy representation The pressure at the end of the hose can represent voltage. The water in the tank represents charge. The more water in the tank, the higher the charge, the more pressure is measured at the end of the hose. We can think of this tank as a battery, a place where we store a certain amount of energy and then release it. If we drain our tank a certain amount, the pressure created at the end of the hose goes down. We can think of this as decreasing voltage, like when a flashlight gets dimmer as the batteries run down. There is also a decrease in the amount of water that will flow through the hose. Less pressure means less water is flowing, which brings us to current. It's important to know what to expect from a solar PV system. Panel performance will degrade slowly, and smoothly, over time, depending on the kind of photovoltaics that are used, and when they were built. A 0.5 - 2% loss in output per year per year should be expected. Inverter problems may show up more abruptly and before the photovoltaics reach their end of life. Also, physical damage to your panels can instantly affect their performance too. Variations in weather do make a difference, so if your panel output this month is 5% lower than the output from the same month last year, that doesn't necessarily mean there's a problem. It is important to take note of the states of solar PV systems which are classified in the following states: Off -Either no energy is produced, the solar panels are isolated, there isn’t enough exposure to the system, or the system is stopped manually. Idle - panels are in contact with sun rays but the DC power they produce is too low. Active - panels generate DC electricity and the inverter produces and supplies AC power. An error state - current break, under/overvoltage etc.
CEM_TECHNICIAN_CAPACITY_BUILIDING_TRAININ_1.docx