Classes of Hydrocarbons: Alkanes: A hydrocarbon where all carbon atoms are connected by single bonds General formula is CnH2n+2 where n=1,2,3… Structure can be shown in three ways full structure condensed structure CH3CH2CH2CH3 molecular structure C4H10 Naming Alkanes: the base name is determined by the number of carbons in the longest chain Number of Structure Name Structure carbons 1 CH4 Methane CH4 2 C2H6 Ethane CH3CH3 3 C3H8 Propane CH3CH2CH3\ 4 C4H10 Butane CH3CH2CH2CH3 5 C5H12 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 Pentane 6 C6H14 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Hexane 7 C7H16 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Heptane 8 Octane CH3CH2CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 9 C9H20 Nonane CH3CH2CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 10 C10H22 Decane CH3CH2CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 side chains, called alkyl groups can be added to the main alkane chain. An alkane with side chains is called a substituted hydrocarbon or a branched hydrocarbon alkyl groups are also named according to the number of carbons Number of carbons Structure Alkyl group 1 CH3 Methyl – 2 CH3 CH2 Ethyl – – 3 CH3 CH2 CH2 Propyl – – – 4 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 Butyl – – – – Step 1: Select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms (parent chain). This is the basic alkane and will take the alkane name for this number of carbon atoms. This is the last name of this hydrocarbon. Eg.1 C-C-C-C-C-C Eg.2 C-C C- C Eg.3 C- C-C-C C-C-C l l l l l C-C-C C-C—C- C C-C-C-C—C- C l l l C-C C-C C-C Heptane hexane nonane
Classes of Hydrocarbons: Alkanes: A hydrocarbon where all carbon atoms are connected by single bonds General formula is CnH2n+2 where n=1,2,3… Structure can be shown in three ways full structure condensed structure CH3CH2CH2CH3 molecular structure C4H10 Naming Alkanes: the base name is determined by the number of carbons in the longest chain Number of carbons Structure Name Structure 1 CH4 Methane CH4 2 C2H6 Ethane CH3CH3 3 C3H8 Propane CH3CH2CH3\ 4 C4H10 Butane CH3CH2CH2CH3 5 C5H12 Pentane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 6 C6H14 Hexane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 7 C7H16 Heptane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 8 Octane CH3CH2CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 9 C9H20 Nonane CH3CH2CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 10 C10H22 Decane CH3CH2CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 side chains, called alkyl groups can be added to the main alkane chain. An alkane with side chains is called a substituted hydrocarbon or a branched hydrocarbon alkyl groups are also named according to the number of carbons Number of carbons Structure Alkyl group 1 CH3 – Methyl 2 CH3 – CH2 – Ethyl 3 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – Propyl 4 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – Butyl Step 1: Select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms (parent chain). This is the basic alkane and will take the alkane name for this number of carbon atoms. This is the last name of this hydrocarbon. Eg.1 C-C-C-C-C-C Eg.2 C-C C- C Eg.3 C- C-C-C C-C-C l l l l l C-C-C C-C—C- C C-C-C-C—C- C l l l C-C C-C C-C Heptane hexane nonane
1.module_6_package.docx