was set up in Staraia Russa to carry out interrogations, with a military-judicial commission established in Novgorod. The units considered most responsible were marched to St. Petersburg, where they were subjected to public and ferocious punishment with birches, rods and the knout. More than 2500 were beaten, with 129 dying as a result of their punishment. Within half a year, the military colonies were converted into regions of plowing [pakhotnye] soldiers. The cholera epidemic also became imbricated in the Polish revolt, as touched upon earlier in describing events in St. Petersburg. Although it appears that cholera spread westward through trade networks, the Polish revolt also played some part. Chateaubriand claimed that French children playing at cholera called it Morbus” because it came from Russia. From April to June of 1831, cholera “Nicholas deeply affected Russian troops active in the Polish territories. in the Russian encampments “Conditions were abysmal, and the soldiers lived in the midst of mud, squalor, and devastation. Sanitary facilities were primitive, and the Russian command made little effort to combat the hygiene problem.” The number of cholera patients in military hospitals jumped from 682 in March to 8720 in April, with 2800 deaths. On June 11, Dibich, the commander of Russian forces in the Polish territories, died of cholera, and Nicholas I’s brother Constantine, the ruler of the Polish territories, died of the same cause a few days later. Some contemporaries believed that Dibich had committed suicide as a result of Russian reverses in fighting the Polish insurrectionists, while another story had it that after the battle of Ostrolenka, Dibich shut himself up in his camp sank into a profound and painful melancholy.” “and “He drowned his chagrin in constant intoxication” and died suddenly, perhaps at the hands of Count Orlov, Smucker hazarded, who had poisoned Dibich. A circular of June 1 from the insurrectionist Polish government opened by averring that is no longer ignorant of the ally [referring to cholera] “Europe which the Russian emperor has called to his assistance for the purpose of consummating the work of exterminating the Polish people.” The Polish rebels called upon the European powers to intervene in the conflict with Russia in order to prevent the spread of cholera further westward.
was set up in Staraia Russa to carry out interrogations, with a military-judicial commission established in Novgorod. The units considered most responsible were marched to St. Petersburg, where they were subjected to public and ferocious punishment with birches, rods and the knout. More than 2500 were beaten, with 129 dying as a result of their punishment. Within half a year, the military colonies were converted into regions of plowing [pakhotnye] soldiers. The cholera epidemic also became imbricated in the Polish revolt, as touched upon earlier in describing events in St. Petersburg. Although it appears that cholera spread westward through trade networks, the Polish revolt also played some part. Chateaubriand claimed that French children playing at cholera called it “Nicholas Morbus” because it came from Russia. From April to June of 1831, cholera deeply affected Russian troops active in the Polish territories. “Conditions in the Russian encampments were abysmal, and the soldiers lived in the midst of mud, squalor, and devastation. Sanitary facilities were primitive, and the Russian command made little effort to combat the hygiene problem.” The number of cholera patients in military hospitals jumped from 682 in March to 8720 in April, with 2800 deaths. On June 11, Dibich, the commander of Russian forces in the Polish territories, died of cholera, and Nicholas I’s brother Constantine, the ruler of the Polish territories, died of the same cause a few days later. Some contemporaries believed that Dibich had committed suicide as a result of Russian reverses in fighting the Polish insurrectionists, while another story had it that after the battle of Ostrolenka, Dibich shut himself up in his camp “and sank into a profound and painful melancholy.” “He drowned his chagrin in constant intoxication” and died suddenly, perhaps at the hands of Count Orlov, Smucker hazarded, who had poisoned Dibich. A circular of June 1 from the insurrectionist Polish government opened by averring that “Europe is no longer ignorant of the ally [referring to cholera] which the Russian emperor has called to his assistance for the purpose of consummating the work of exterminating the Polish people.” The Polish rebels called upon the European powers to intervene in the conflict with Russia in order to prevent the spread of cholera further westward.
carolina-seminar-rupp.docx