WM(d) the following reactions of Making esters from acids and alcohols alcohols and two-step syntheses (Nuffield Foundation) involving reactions and other Details of a class experiment to make a organic reactions in the specification: range of esters. CLEAPSS offer a (i) with carboxylic acids, in the reduced scale version of this experiment. presence of concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated hydrochloric acid (or with acid anhydrides) to form esters THINKING CONCEPTUALLY (ii) oxidation to carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) and carboxylic acids with acidified dichromate(VI) solution, including the importance of the condition (reflux or distillation) under which it is done (iii) dehydration to form alkenes using heated Al2O3 or refluxing with concentrated H2SO4 (iv) substitution reactions to make haloalkanes WM(e) techniques and procedures for Thin layer chromatography (The making a solid organic product and for University of Alberta) purifying it using filtration under This is a useful information page on TLC reduced pressure and re-crystallisation with video and FAQs. (including choice of solvent and how impurities are removed); techniques and procedures for melting THINKING CONCEPTUALLY determination and thin layer chromatography
WM(d) the following reactions of alcohols and two-step syntheses involving reactions and other organic reactions in the specification: (i) with carboxylic acids, in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated hydrochloric acid (or with acid anhydrides) to form esters (ii) oxidation to carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) and carboxylic acids with acidified dichromate(VI) solution, including the importance of the condition (reflux or distillation) under which it is done (iii) dehydration to form alkenes using heated Al2O3 or refluxing with concentrated H2SO4 (iv) substitution reactions to make haloalkanes Making esters from acids and alcohols (Nuffield Foundation) Details of a class experiment to make a range of esters. CLEAPSS offer a reduced scale version of this experiment. THINKING CONCEPTUALLY WM(e) techniques and procedures for making a solid organic product and for purifying it using filtration under reduced pressure and re-crystallisation (including choice of solvent and how impurities are removed); techniques and procedures for melting determination and thin layer chromatography Thin layer chromatography (The University of Alberta) This is a useful information page on TLC with video and FAQs. THINKING CONCEPTUALLY
Chemistry%20B%20Resources%2011-11-16.docx