Nigeria The first phase of the development of fiscal federalism in Nigeria occurred during the 1948-1952 period. This phase was marked by a centralised financial arrangement in which the excess in the budget of the central government was allocated to regional governments on the principle of derivation. The expenditure needs of the central government thus took precedence. In the second phase (1952-54) autonomous revenue and tax jurisdiction for the regional governments was introduced in addition to the operation of the principle of derivation for the sharing of federally collected revenue. The basic elements of the second phase were carried over to the third phase A major distinguishing factor of this phase was the emphasis on the derivation principle in the sharing of federally collected revenue. Debates on Nigeria's fiscal federalism preceded the gradual evolution of Nigeria into a colonial federal state in 1954 throughout its history; it has been evident that Nigerians have always been sensitive to the fiscal dimensions of its federation. Nigeria's media have been awash with the debate over the nature of resource generation, distribution, and challenges of equalization in the federation. At the National Political Reform Conference in 2005, delegates from some states of the federation staged a walk-out because of the nature of resource distribution. The Nigerian Constitutions from 1960 to 1999 recognized the citizenship of the every Nigerian. All Nigerians supposedly have the right to settle down anywhere in the country to pursue their legitimate businesses and are expected to have equal rights everywhere in practice. But this is not true. In reality there is a contradiction. The ethnic consciousness, indigenous ship-citizenship rights are not still well-defined and accepted. Many states and communities recognize their indigenes and can easily isolate settlers, and treat them so, no matter how long they have lived in the area. In the political process this has become very controversial and has generated many violent crises. In some cases the spill-over or hang-over of these issues have led to electoral violence, because it becomes important who is elected– indigene or settler. The Jos North violence, the Wase case, the Tiv–Jukun and similar cases of violence illustrate the explosive nature of this issue in the polity and in the electoral process. State governments may want to enact laws stating the residency requirements for
Nigeria The first phase of the development of fiscal federalism in Nigeria occurred during the 1948-1952 period. This phase was marked by a centralised financial arrangement in which the excess in the budget of the central government was allocated to regional governments on the principle of derivation. The expenditure needs of the central government thus took precedence. In the second phase (1952-54) autonomous revenue and tax jurisdiction for the regional governments was introduced in addition to the operation of the principle of derivation for the sharing of federally collected revenue. The basic elements of the second phase were carried over to the third phase A major distinguishing factor of this phase was the emphasis on the derivation principle in the sharing of federally collected revenue. Debates on Nigeria's fiscal federalism preceded the gradual evolution of Nigeria into a colonial federal state in 1954 throughout its history; it has been evident that Nigerians have always been sensitive to the fiscal dimensions of its federation. Nigeria's media have been awash with the debate over the nature of resource generation, distribution, and challenges of equalization in the federation. At the National Political Reform Conference in 2005, delegates from some states of the federation staged a walk-out because of the nature of resource distribution. The Nigerian Constitutions from 1960 to 1999 recognized the citizenship of the every Nigerian. All Nigerians supposedly have the right to settle down anywhere in the country to pursue their legitimate businesses and are expected to have equal rights everywhere in practice. But this is not true. In reality there is a contradiction. The ethnic consciousness, indigenous ship-citizenship rights are not still well-defined and accepted. Many states and communities recognize their indigenes and can easily isolate settlers, and treat them so, no matter how long they have lived in the area. In the political process this has become very controversial and has generated many violent crises. In some cases the spill-over or hang-over of these issues have led to electoral violence, because it becomes important who is elected– indigene or settler. The Jos North violence, the Wase case, the Tiv–Jukun and similar cases of violence illustrate the explosive nature of this issue in the polity and in the electoral process. State governments may want to enact laws stating the residency requirements for
c-chapter-ii.docx