C5.2.15 describe tests to identify aqueous cations and aqueous anions and identify species from test results including: PAG5 a) tests and expected results for C5.2.4  metal ions in solution by precipitation interpret the results of tests for reactions using dilute sodium hydroxide carbonate, chloride, bromide, iodide (calcium, copper, iron(II), iron(III), zinc) and sulfate ions given a data sheet of b) tests and expected results for tests for negatively charged ions and carbonate ions (using dilute acid), appropriate results (using dilute acid, chloride, bromide and iodide ions (using lime water, silver nitrate and barium acidified dilute silver nitrate) and sulfate chloride or barium nitrate as the ions (using acidified dilute barium reagents). chloride or acidified barium nitrate) C5.3.1 recall that the Earth’s lithosphere (the rigid outer layer of the Earth made up NA  of the crust and the part of the mantle just below it) is made up of a mixture of minerals C5.3.2 explain the properties of diamond and graphite in terms of their structures and C4.3.6  recall that diamond and graphite are bonding, include melting point, minerals, both of which are composed hardness and (for graphite) conductivity of carbon atoms and lubricating action C5.3.3 explain the properties of diamond in terms of a giant structure of atoms held explain the properties of diamond and C4.3.6  together by strong covalent bonding graphite in terms of their structures and (for example, melting point, boiling bonding, include melting point, point, hardness, solubility and electrical hardness and (for graphite) conductivity conductivity) and lubricating action C5.3.4 explain the properties of diamond and graphite in terms of their structures and C4.3.6  understand how the giant structure of bonding, include melting point, graphite differs from that of diamond, hardness and (for graphite) conductivity and how this affects its properties and lubricating action C5.3.5 recall that silicon, oxygen and NA  aluminium are very abundant elements in the crust C5.3.6 interpret data about the abundances of NA  elements in rocks
C5.2.15 interpret the results of tests for carbonate, chloride, bromide, iodide and sulfate ions given a data sheet of tests for negatively charged ions and appropriate results (using dilute acid, lime water, silver nitrate and barium chloride or barium nitrate as the reagents). C5.2.4 describe tests to identify aqueous cations and aqueous anions and identify species from test results including: PAG5 a) tests and expected results for metal ions in solution by precipitation reactions using dilute sodium hydroxide (calcium, copper, iron(II), iron(III), zinc) b) tests and expected results for carbonate ions (using dilute acid), chloride, bromide and iodide ions (using acidified dilute silver nitrate) and sulfate ions (using acidified dilute barium chloride or acidified barium nitrate)  C5.3.1 recall that the Earth’s lithosphere (the rigid outer layer of the Earth made up of the crust and the part of the mantle just below it) is made up of a mixture of minerals NA  C5.3.2 recall that diamond and graphite are minerals, both of which are composed of carbon atoms C4.3.6 explain the properties of diamond and graphite in terms of their structures and bonding, include melting point, hardness and (for graphite) conductivity and lubricating action  C5.3.3 explain the properties of diamond in terms of a giant structure of atoms held together by strong covalent bonding (for example, melting point, boiling point, hardness, solubility and electrical conductivity) C4.3.6 explain the properties of diamond and graphite in terms of their structures and bonding, include melting point, hardness and (for graphite) conductivity and lubricating action  C5.3.4 understand how the giant structure of graphite differs from that of diamond, and how this affects its properties C4.3.6 explain the properties of diamond and graphite in terms of their structures and bonding, include melting point, hardness and (for graphite) conductivity and lubricating action  C5.3.5 recall that silicon, oxygen and aluminium are very abundant elements in the crust NA  C5.3.6 interpret data about the abundances of elements in rocks NA 
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