Lal et al. Retrospective 284, 46% vaginal Perineal trauma did not increase risk 10 months primiparous delivery Stress incontinence was associated 28% for caesarean with dyspareunia Safarinejad et Prospective 912, Instrumental delivery associated with Vaginal delivery al. 3, 6, and 12 primiparous 3 months: 27.8% highest rates of dyspareunia across all months 6 months: 18.3% time points 12 months: 11.2% Vaginal with episiotomy 3 months: 57.4% 6 months: 26.3% 12 months: 16.8% Instrumental vaginal 3 months: 75.2% 6 months: 41.2% 12 months: 24.8% Cesarean 3 months: 13.2% 6 months: 10.8% 12 months: 3.6% Serati et al. Prospective 336, all parities 24% at 6 months Episiotomy, perineal tears, parity, fetal 6 and 12 8% at 12 months weight, labour induction, duration of months labour, breastfeeding, epidural were not associated with dyspareunia Bertozzi et al. Retrospective 602, all parities 16.2% More severe tearing, instrumental 12 months delivery, previous dyspareunia, recurrent urogenital infections, urge incontinence, associated with dyspareunia at 12 months
Lal et al. Retrospective 10 months 284, primiparous 46% vaginal delivery 28% for caesarean Perineal trauma did not increase risk Stress incontinence was associated with dyspareunia Safarinejad et al. Prospective 3, 6, and 12 months 912, primiparous Vaginal delivery 3 months: 27.8% 6 months: 18.3% 12 months: 11.2% Vaginal with episiotomy 3 months: 57.4% 6 months: 26.3% 12 months: 16.8% Instrumental vaginal 3 months: 75.2% 6 months: 41.2% 12 months: 24.8% Cesarean 3 months: 13.2% 6 months: 10.8% 12 months: 3.6% Instrumental delivery associated with highest rates of dyspareunia across all time points Serati et al. Prospective 6 and 12 months 336, all parities 24% at 6 months 8% at 12 months Episiotomy, perineal tears, parity, fetal weight, labour induction, duration of labour, breastfeeding, epidural were not associated with dyspareunia Bertozzi et al. Retrospective 12 months 602, all parities 16.2% More severe tearing, instrumental delivery, previous dyspareunia, recurrent urogenital infections, urge incontinence, associated with dyspareunia at 12 months
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