Transverse Plane Imaginary bisector divides body into top and bottom halves. Upper and lower – halve. Internal Rotation Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body. – External rotation Rotation of a joint away from the midline of the body. – Horizontal Abduction Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior – position to a lateral position. Movement from a front position to aside position. Horizontal Adduction Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position – to an anterior position. Side to front. Scapular Motion Scapular Retraction Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward midline – Scapular Protraction Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from midline. – Scapular Depression Downward(inferior) motion of the scapula. – Scapular Elevation Upward(superior) motion of the scapula. – Muscle Actions Three primary types of muscle actions: isotonic(eccentric and concentric), isometric, and isokinetic. Iso means same or equal. Tonic means tension. Metric means length. Kinetic means motion. Isotonic constant muscle tension. Isometric constant muscle length. Isokinetic constant velocity – – – of motion. Isotonic Force is produced, muscle tension developed, movement occurs. Two components eccentric and – concentric phase. Eccentric Muscle develops tension while lengthening. Synonymous with deceleration. Observed in – many movements such as landing from a jump. Lowering the weight during resistance exercise. “negatives”.
Transverse Plane – Imaginary bisector divides body into top and bottom halves. Upper and lower halve. Internal Rotation – Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body. External rotation – Rotation of a joint away from the midline of the body. Horizontal Abduction – Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position. Movement from a front position to aside position. Horizontal Adduction – Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position. Side to front. Scapular Motion Scapular Retraction – Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward midline Scapular Protraction – Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from midline. Scapular Depression – Downward(inferior) motion of the scapula. Scapular Elevation – Upward(superior) motion of the scapula. Muscle Actions Three primary types of muscle actions: isotonic(eccentric and concentric), isometric, and isokinetic. Iso means same or equal. Tonic means tension. Metric means length. Kinetic means motion. Isotonic – constant muscle tension. Isometric – constant muscle length. Isokinetic – constant velocity of motion. Isotonic Force is produced, muscle tension developed, movement occurs. Two components – eccentric and concentric phase. Eccentric – Muscle develops tension while lengthening. Synonymous with deceleration. Observed in many movements such as landing from a jump. Lowering the weight during resistance exercise. “negatives”.
Completed-NASM-CPT-4-Book-Notes.docx