first ionization 1087 787 762 709 716 energy (kJ/mol) most common +4 +4 +4 +4 +4 oxidation state ionic radius 53 69 77.5 ≈29 ≈40 (pm)† electron affinity −122 −134 −119 −107 −35 (kJ/mol) electronegativity 2.6 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 standard reduction potential (E°, V) 0.21 0.79 −0.86 −0.18 −0.12 (for EO2 E in → acidic solution) product of CO2, CO SiO2 GeO2 SnO2 PbO reaction with O2 acidic acidic type of oxide neutral amphoteric amphoteric amphoteric (CO2) (CO) product of none Si3N4 none Sn3N4 none reaction with N2 product of reaction with CX4 SiX4 GeX4 SnX4 PbX2 X2‡ product of CH4 none none none none reaction with H2 *The configuration shown does not include filled d and f subshells. values cited are for six-coordinate +4 ions in the most common oxidation †The state, except for C4+ and Si4+, for which values for the four-coordinate ion are estimated. is Cl, Br, or I. Reaction with F2 the tetrafluorides (EF4) for all group 14 ‡X elements, where E represents any 14 element. Selected Properties of the Group 14 Elements
first ionization energy (kJ/mol) 1087 787 762 709 716 most common oxidation state +4 +4 +4 +4 +4 ionic radius (pm)† ≈29 ≈40 53 69 77.5 electron affinity (kJ/mol) −122 −134 −119 −107 −35 electronegativity 2.6 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 standard reduction potential (E°, V) (for EO2 → E in acidic solution) 0.21 −0.86 −0.18 −0.12 0.79 product of reaction with O2 CO2, CO SiO2 GeO2 SnO2 PbO type of oxide acidic (CO2) acidic neutral (CO) amphoteric amphoteric amphoteric product of reaction with N2 none Si3N4 none Sn3N4 none product of reaction with X2‡ CX4 SiX4 GeX4 SnX4 PbX2 product of reaction with H2 CH4 none none none none *The configuration shown does not include filled d and f subshells. †The values cited are for six-coordinate +4 ions in the most common oxidation state, except for C4+ and Si4+, for which values for the four-coordinate ion are estimated. ‡X is Cl, Br, or I. Reaction with F2 the tetrafluorides (EF4) for all group 14 elements, where E represents any 14 element. Selected Properties of the Group 14 Elements
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