Coordinated Movement Balanced, smooth, purposeful movement is the result of proper functioning of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. cerebral cortex: operates movements. not muscles. cerebellum: coordinates muscles involved in voluntary movement. translates the instructions from cortex into action basal ganglia: helps maintain posture Exercise Physical activity: bodily movement that enhances health. Exercise: type of physical activity defined as a planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement performed to improve health and maintain fitness to achieve an optimal state of health. Functional strength: ability of the body to perform work. Activity tolerance: type and amount of exercise or daily living activities an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effects. Types of Exercise Isotonic (dynamic) exercises: muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement. ex. running, walking, swimming, cycling, ADL’s and active ROM. ex. pushing or pulling against a stationary object a trapeze to lift body off the bed, lifting buttocks off the bed by pushing with the hands, or pushing the body to a sitting position. Isometric (static or setting) exercises: muscle contraction without moving the joint (therefore muscle length does not change) useful in strengthening abdominals, gluteal, and quadricep muscles. ex. squeezing a or pillow between knees Isokinetic (resistive) exercises muscle contraction or tension against resistance. ex. resistance training Aerobic exercise amount of oxygen taken into body is greater than that used to perform the activity. ex. CV conditioning and physical fitness. Intensity of exercise can be measured in ways: 1. Target HR 2. Talk Test
Coordinated Movement Balanced, smooth, purposeful movement is the result of proper functioning of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. cerebral cortex: operates movements. not muscles. cerebellum: coordinates muscles involved in voluntary movement. translates the instructions from cortex into action basal ganglia: helps maintain posture Exercise Physical activity: bodily movement that enhances health. Exercise: type of physical activity defined as a planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement performed to improve health and maintain fitness to achieve an optimal state of health. Functional strength: ability of the body to perform work. Activity tolerance: type and amount of exercise or daily living activities an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effects. Types of Exercise Isotonic (dynamic) exercises: muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement. ex. running, walking, swimming, cycling, ADL’s and active ROM. ex. pushing or pulling against a stationary object a trapeze to lift body off the bed, lifting buttocks off the bed by pushing with the hands, or pushing the body to a sitting position. Isometric (static or setting) exercises: muscle contraction without moving the joint (therefore muscle length does not change) useful in strengthening abdominals, gluteal, and quadricep muscles. ex. squeezing a or pillow between knees Isokinetic (resistive) exercises muscle contraction or tension against resistance. ex. resistance training Aerobic exercise amount of oxygen taken into body is greater than that used to perform the activity. ex. CV conditioning and physical fitness. Intensity of exercise can be measured in ways: 1. Target HR 2. Talk Test
chapter16activityandexercise-3.docx