Continuous Every operant is Gold star for Rapid increase in Steady response Operants rapidly reinforced every paper operants as long as stop turned in reinforcer is desired Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Gold star for Fairly rapid Usually high Operants stop occurs for first 5 papers turned in increase in response rate, rapidly if response after a operants, but not but with a pause reinforcement does certain fixed as fast as under after each not occur after number of continuous reinforcer expected number of operants reinforcement operants Variable Reinforcement Teacher picks a Slow increase in Steady and Operants stop Ratio occurs for first different "magic operants pause after slowly response after number" every each reinforcer varying number of day for number of operants papers to be turned in to earn a gold star Fixed Reinforcement Gold star every Somewhat faster High, but Operants stop Interval occurs for first week after weekly increase in response rate rapidly if response after a paper is turned in operants than in often increases reinforcement does certain fixed variable as time for not occur after period of time schedules, slower reinforcement expected amount of than under approaches, time. continuous then drops after reinforcement each reinforcement. Variable Reinforcement Surprise "Gold Slow increase in Constant high Operants decrease interval occurs for first Star Days" when operants response rate slowly and response after turning in paper with little pause gradually. varying amounts earns gold star after each of time. reinforcement Understanding the Consequences of Behavior Contingency Contract - written or oral agreement between student and teacher specifying desired behavior and promised reward. Punishment Punishment - use of a stimulus that decreases the probability of a response, either through the application of an unpleasant stimulus or through the removal of a pleasant one. presentation Punishment - application of an unpleasant stimulus to discourage a response. Removal Punishment - taking away a pleasant stimulus to discourage a response. The person administering the punishment should consider the following options: Suggest alternative ways the student can get what he or she wants Find a way to follow punishment with positive reinforcement Explain the problem Punish immediately Use appropriate intensity Punish consistently Make escape impossible Use penalties
Continuous Every operant is reinforced Gold star for every paper turned in Rapid increase in operants Steady response as long as reinforcer is desired Operants rapidly stop Fixed Ratio Reinforcement occurs for first response after a certain fixed number of operants Gold star for 5 papers turned in Fairly rapid increase in operants, but not as fast as under continuous reinforcement Usually high response rate, but with a pause after each reinforcer Operants stop rapidly if reinforcement does not occur after expected number of operants Variable Ratio Reinforcement occurs for first response after varying number of operants Teacher picks a different "magic number" every day for number of papers to be turned in to earn a gold star Slow increase in operants Steady and pause after each reinforcer Operants stop slowly Fixed Interval Reinforcement occurs for first response after a certain fixed period of time Gold star every week after weekly paper is turned in Somewhat faster increase in operants than in variable schedules, slower than under continuous reinforcement High, but response rate often increases as time for reinforcement approaches, then drops after each reinforcement. Operants stop rapidly if reinforcement does not occur after expected amount of time. Variable interval Reinforcement occurs for first response after varying amounts of time. Surprise "Gold Star Days" when turning in paper earns gold star Slow increase in operants Constant high response rate with little pause after each reinforcement Operants decrease slowly and gradually. Understanding the Consequences of Behavior Contingency Contract - written or oral agreement between student and teacher specifying desired behavior and promised reward. Punishment Punishment - use of a stimulus that decreases the probability of a response, either through the application of an unpleasant stimulus or through the removal of a pleasant one. presentation Punishment - application of an unpleasant stimulus to discourage a response. Removal Punishment - taking away a pleasant stimulus to discourage a response. The person administering the punishment should consider the following options: Suggest alternative ways the student can get what he or she wants Find a way to follow punishment with positive reinforcement Explain the problem Punish immediately Use appropriate intensity Punish consistently Make escape impossible Use penalties
ch7behavioralapproachestolearning.docx