Population Population Some differences Major Relevance to target studied is studied is between study and differences or population identical to the comparable to target populations differences of target the target but uncertain ‘clinically population. population. reasonable’ to clinical extrapolate significance evidence to the exist between target population. study and target populations. Relevance Study directly Study directly Study directly Study does not to health measures measures measures health directly benefit health benefit health benefit benefit in listable measure health in listable in listable indication as benefit in indication as indication as analysis. listable primary secondary indication. outcome. outcome. Relevance context Study context Probably applicable Study context to context directly applicable to to Australian self not applicable of use applicable to Australian self care context. to Australian Australian self care context self care care context. with few context. caveats. When an indication is directed at a specific of the population, eligibility criteria will reflect the indication. When an indication is directed at a sub-group of the population, the sub-group must be specified in the indication. The results of studies that target specific subgroups cannot be generalised to the general population Only studies achieving ratings of or above in ALL four relevance ‘satisfactory’ categories are considered relevant to a proposed listable indication. All studies achieving four ratings of or above must be included in the analysis of ‘satisfactory’ evidence, and studies not achieving this ranking must be excluded. 3.2.1.6 of relevant evidence Each relevant item of evidence must be categorised according to the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) hierarchy of evidence for intervention studies, prognosis or aetiology. The hierarchy for prognosis or aetiology may only be used where randomised controlled trials are impractical or unavailable. Table 3: NHMRC Levels of Evidence Intervention Prognosis Aetiology I 4 A systematic review of level II A systematic review of A systematic studies level II studies review of level II studies
Relevance to target population Population studied is identical to the target population. Population studied is comparable to the target population. Some differences between study and target populations but ‘clinically reasonable’ to extrapolate evidence to the target population. Major differences or differences of uncertain clinical significance exist between study and target populations. Relevance to health benefit Study directly measures health benefit in listable indication as primary outcome. Study directly measures health benefit in listable indication as secondary outcome. Study directly measures health benefit in listable indication as analysis. Study does not directly measure health benefit in listable indication. Relevance to context of use context directly applicable to Australian self care context. Study context applicable to Australian self care context with few caveats. Probably applicable to Australian self care context. Study context not applicable to Australian self care context. When an indication is directed at a specific of the population, eligibility criteria will reflect the indication. When an indication is directed at a sub-group of the population, the sub-group must be specified in the indication. The results of studies that target specific subgroups cannot be generalised to the general population Only studies achieving ratings of ‘satisfactory’ or above in ALL four relevance categories are considered relevant to a proposed listable indication. All studies achieving four ratings of ‘satisfactory’ or above must be included in the analysis of evidence, and studies not achieving this ranking must be excluded. 3.2.1.6 of relevant evidence Each relevant item of evidence must be categorised according to the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) hierarchy of evidence for intervention studies, prognosis or aetiology. The hierarchy for prognosis or aetiology may only be used where randomised controlled trials are impractical or unavailable. Table 3: NHMRC Levels of Evidence Intervention Prognosis Aetiology I 4 A systematic review of level II studies A systematic review of level II studies A systematic review of level II studies
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