Brown v. African-American students were not allowed to conclude that in the field of public “We attend the same public schools as white education the doctrine of but equal’ ‘separate has no place. Separate educational facilities (1954) students because state laws permitted racial are inherently unequal.” segregation (separation based on the law). Several parents of African-American children, including Oliver Brown, sued the Topeka, Kansas School claiming racial segregation (separation of people on race) is unequal and violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment which says that states must apply the law equally and cannot discriminate against citizens or groups of citizens. The lower courts ruled in favor of the school system; appealed this case to the United States Supreme Court. In re At age 15, Gerald Gault was arrested for making urge that the Arizona statute is ”Appellants unconstitutional under the Due Process Gault an indecent phone call. Gault was denied the Clause because, as construed by its (1966) of due process (established legal Supreme is no right of appeal procedures) because he was a juvenile ‘there from a juvenile court order.’” (someone under the age of 18). Gault was tried in juvenile court and sentenced to six years to the State Industrial School. Gault appealed this case to the United States Supreme Court. Landmark Supreme Court Cases and Case Impact on Society Marbury v. Madison (1803) The judicial opinion in this case strengthened the system of checks and balances. The outcome of this case established the power of judicial review for the Supreme Court. Judicial review is the power that the Court has to find something as “unconstitutional”. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) The judicial opinion in this case established that separate but equal did not violate the 14th Amendment equal protection clause as long as the separate African-American facilities were in quality to those of whites. “equal” v. Board (1954) This judicial opinion on this case strengthened the meaning of the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment and struck down the use of the but equal” approaches in public education established in Plessy v. “separate Ferguson. The Court upheld that segregation (separation of people based on race) in public schools is unconstitutional. In re Gault (1966) The judicial opinion in this case confirmed the concept of legal equality, which
Brown v. (1954) African-American students were not allowed to attend the same public schools as white students because state laws permitted racial segregation (separation based on the law). Several parents of African-American children, including Oliver Brown, sued the Topeka, Kansas School claiming racial segregation (separation of people on race) is unequal and violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment which says that states must apply the law equally and cannot discriminate against citizens or groups of citizens. The lower courts ruled in favor of the school system; appealed this case to the United States Supreme Court. “We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” In re Gault (1966) At age 15, Gerald Gault was arrested for making an indecent phone call. Gault was denied the of due process (established legal procedures) because he was a juvenile (someone under the age of 18). Gault was tried in juvenile court and sentenced to six years to the State Industrial School. Gault appealed this case to the United States Supreme Court. ”Appellants urge that the Arizona statute is unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause because, as construed by its Supreme ‘there is no right of appeal from a juvenile court order.’” Landmark Supreme Court Cases and Case Impact on Society Marbury v. Madison (1803) The judicial opinion in this case strengthened the system of checks and balances. The outcome of this case established the power of judicial review for the Supreme Court. Judicial review is the power that the Court has to find something as “unconstitutional”. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) The judicial opinion in this case established that separate but equal did not violate the 14th Amendment equal protection clause as long as the separate African-American facilities were “equal” in quality to those of whites. v. Board (1954) This judicial opinion on this case strengthened the meaning of the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment and struck down the use of the “separate but equal” approaches in public education established in Plessy v. Ferguson. The Court upheld that segregation (separation of people based on race) in public schools is unconstitutional. In re Gault (1966) The judicial opinion in this case confirmed the concept of legal equality, which
civics_lesson_2_review_sheet_roles_and_responsibilities_of_citizens.docx