British policy earnings but scant Violence against Two bids in 1963 present makers reluctant to resources for British forces and 1967 to join decolonisation as withdraw under colonial economic European worthy end point of pressure would development Humiliation of Suez Community preparing imperial – undermine British Crisis bolstered suggests territories for prestige and allow By late 1950s nationalist turn as opposed to – Soviet Union to British exports sentiment connected to end of undesirable expand influence at increasingly Empire development expense of USA focused on Nationalist imposed by and Britain prosperous awakening e.g. America had uncontrollable Western Europe African intellectuals practical concerns circumstances 1957-66 Britain and America about newly – gave independence Harold Macmillan’s independent states to 22 colonies Macmillan’s 1957 of change’ succumbing to ‘wind (mainly in Africa speech 1960 influence of Soviet ‘cost-benefit’ and Caribbean) analysis indicated Union and some decolonisation British military 1963 African wouldn’t lead to bases valuable for – decolonisation economic American defence proceeding apace losses policy 1967 plans Military bases East Dominance of USA – announced to of Suez expensive and Soviet Union withdraw from most to maintain made it clear that military bases East owning a traditional of Suez (lost much colonial empire was of their strategic no longer essential value since Indian to remaining a independence) major player in world affairs in – fact maintaining one against the will
British policy makers reluctant to withdraw under pressure – would undermine British prestige and allow Soviet Union to expand influence at expense of USA and Britain 1957-66 – Britain gave independence to 22 colonies (mainly in Africa and Caribbean) 1963 – African decolonisation proceeding apace 1967 – plans announced to withdraw from most military bases East of Suez (lost much of their strategic value since Indian independence) earnings but scant resources for colonial economic development By late 1950s – British exports increasingly focused on prosperous Western Europe and America Macmillan’s 1957 ‘cost-benefit’ analysis indicated decolonisation wouldn’t lead to economic losses Military bases East of Suez expensive to maintain Violence against British forces Humiliation of Suez Crisis bolstered nationalist sentiment Nationalist awakening e.g. African intellectuals Harold Macmillan’s ‘wind of change’ speech 1960 Two bids in 1963 and 1967 to join European Community suggests turn connected to end of Empire America had practical concerns about newly independent states succumbing to influence of Soviet Union and some British military bases valuable for American defence policy Dominance of USA and Soviet Union made it clear that owning a traditional colonial empire was no longer essential to remaining a major player in world affairs – in fact maintaining one against the will present decolonisation as worthy end point of preparing imperial territories for as opposed to undesirable development imposed by uncontrollable circumstances
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