Process Ecological Service – & Weirs Mining Groundwater Non-irrigated Dams Urban Ecosystems operational o/cut Forestry Plantation Extensive Ponded pastures agriculture agriculture agriculture Irrigated Physical processes- transport & mobilisation Recharge/Discharge Detains water 1 M L M H Flood mitigation N L X X Connects ecosystems H L L N L Regulates water flow H M L L M (groundwater, overland flows) Traps sediment Sedimentation/ erosion N M4 L M H Stabilises sediment from M4 H N H erosion Assimilates sediment M L N H Is a source of sediment L L11 M L Particulate deposition & Deposition & mobilisation 2 L L L H processes transport (sed/nutr/chem. etc.) Material deposition & L L L L transport (debris, DOM, rock etc.) Transports material for N M L coastal processes Biogeochemical processes energy & – nutrient dynamics Production Primary production N M Secondary production 3 H Nutrient cycling (N, P) Detains water, regulates M13 flow of nutrients Source of (N,P) M Cycles and uptakes H nutrients Regulates nutrient supply H to the reef Carbon cycling Carbon source M Sequesters carbon MH Cycles carbon H Source of Dissolved Decomposition L14 Organic Matter Oxidation-reduction Biochar source X Oxygenates water N L Oxygenates sediments N 15 Regulation processes pH regulation 15 PASS management L Salinity regulation 15 Hardness regulation 15 Regulates temperature L16 Chemicals/heavy metal Biogeochemically modifies X17 modification metals Flocculates heavy metals L Biological processes (processes that maintain animal/plant populations) Habitat/refugia for aquatic Survival/reproduction N L5 L5 L8 L12 N N L M18 species with reef connections Habitat for terrestrial N L L H9 L N N L L19 species with connections to the reef Food source N N N M L N L M L Habitat for ecologically N N L10 N N N M L19 important animals Dispersal/ migration/ Replenishment of N N N L N N N M L20 regeneration ecosystems colonisation – (source/sink)
Process Ecological Service Groundwater Ecosystems Irrigated agriculture Non-irrigated agriculture Dams & Weirs Urban Mining – operational o/cut Forestry Plantation Extensive agriculture Ponded pastures Physical processes- transport & mobilisation Recharge/Discharge Detains water 1 M L M H Flood mitigation N L X X Connects ecosystems H L L N L Regulates water flow (groundwater, overland flows) H M L L M Sedimentation/ erosion Traps sediment N M4 L M H Stabilises sediment from erosion M4 H N H Assimilates sediment M L N H Is a source of sediment L L11 M L Deposition & mobilisation processes Particulate deposition & transport (sed/nutr/chem. etc.) 2 L L L H Material deposition & transport (debris, DOM, rock etc.) L L L L Transports material for coastal processes N M L Biogeochemical processes – energy & nutrient dynamics Production Primary production N M Secondary production 3 H Nutrient cycling (N, P) Detains water, regulates flow of nutrients M13 Source of (N,P) M Cycles and uptakes nutrients H Regulates nutrient supply to the reef H Carbon cycling Carbon source M Sequesters carbon MH Cycles carbon H Decomposition Source of Dissolved Organic Matter L14 Oxidation-reduction Biochar source X Oxygenates water N L Oxygenates sediments N 15 Regulation processes pH regulation 15 PASS management L Salinity regulation 15 Hardness regulation 15 Regulates temperature L16 Chemicals/heavy metal modification Biogeochemically modifies metals X17 Flocculates heavy metals L Biological processes (processes that maintain animal/plant populations) Survival/reproduction Habitat/refugia for aquatic species with reef connections N L5 L5 L8 L12 N N L M18 Habitat for terrestrial species with connections to the reef N L L H9 L N N L L19 Food source N N N M L N L M L Habitat for ecologically important animals N N L10 N N N M L19 Dispersal/ migration/ regeneration Replenishment of ecosystems – colonisation (source/sink) N N N L N N N M L20
Case_study_urban_planning_Mt_Peter.docx