Gay males and lesbians, too, had long suffered from discrimination and civil rights abuses. Beginning with the Stonewall riots of 1969, what eventually became known as the LGBTQ community started openly demonstrating in favor of gay rights, and against laws that proscribed their behavior. The resulting political controversies became a polarizing issue, as efforts to pass same-sex marriage laws led to amendments’ in state Constitutions and the federal ‘marriage Defense of Marriage Act, forbidding the federal government to recognize any marriage not between a man and a woman. Court challenges followed, along with several states legalizing gay marriage, and the issue has yet to be fully resolved—much like the state of civil rights as a whole. THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AND THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Ending Servitude Constitutional Amendments. The Civil Rights Acts of 1865 to 1875. The Ineffectiveness of the Early Civil Rights Laws The Civil Rights Cases. Plessy v. Ferguson: Separate but Equal. Voting Barriers. Extralegal Methods of Enforcing White Supremacy. The End of the Separate-but-Equal Doctrine Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. all Deliberate Speed.” “With Reactions to School Integration. De Jure and De Facto Segregation The Civil Rights Movement King’s Philosophy of Nonviolence. The on Washington. Modern Civil Rights Legislation The Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Rights Act of 1968 and Other Housing Reform Legislation. Consequences of Civil Rights Legislation. Political Participation by African Americans. Political Participation by Other Minorities. WOMEN’S STRUGGLE FOR EQUAL RIGHTS Early Women’s Political Movements The Modern Women’s Movement The Equal Rights Amendment. Challenging Gender Discrimination in the Courts. Women in the Military. Women in Politics Today Gender-Based Discrimination in the Workplace Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Gay males and lesbians, too, had long suffered from discrimination and civil rights abuses. Beginning with the Stonewall riots of 1969, what eventually became known as the LGBTQ community started openly demonstrating in favor of gay rights, and against laws that proscribed their behavior. The resulting political controversies became a polarizing issue, as efforts to pass same-sex marriage laws led to ‘marriage amendments’ in state Constitutions and the federal Defense of Marriage Act, forbidding the federal government to recognize any marriage not between a man and a woman. Court challenges followed, along with several states legalizing gay marriage, and the issue has yet to be fully resolved—much like the state of civil rights as a whole. THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE AND THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Ending Servitude Constitutional Amendments. The Civil Rights Acts of 1865 to 1875. The Ineffectiveness of the Early Civil Rights Laws The Civil Rights Cases. Plessy v. Ferguson: Separate but Equal. Voting Barriers. Extralegal Methods of Enforcing White Supremacy. The End of the Separate-but-Equal Doctrine Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. “With all Deliberate Speed.” Reactions to School Integration. De Jure and De Facto Segregation The Civil Rights Movement King’s Philosophy of Nonviolence. The on Washington. Modern Civil Rights Legislation The Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Rights Act of 1968 and Other Housing Reform Legislation. Consequences of Civil Rights Legislation. Political Participation by African Americans. Political Participation by Other Minorities. WOMEN’S STRUGGLE FOR EQUAL RIGHTS Early Women’s Political Movements The Modern Women’s Movement The Equal Rights Amendment. Challenging Gender Discrimination in the Courts. Women in the Military. Women in Politics Today Gender-Based Discrimination in the Workplace Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
civil_rights_summary.docx