Table 2. Measures and Results of included studies Measures Analysis Results Limitations Quantitative studies reporting correlations or associations 1. et al. (2008) Personal History Four hierarchical regression DS, BIS, and EB were generalizability Determinants of pregnancy Questionnaire; The Centers analyses (HRA) were used associated across the 3 Self-report measures and postpartum depression: for Epidemiological to examine the contributions pregnancy time points and Prospective does not provide Prospective influences of (CES-D) of DS, BIS, and EB for postpartum; DS and BIS information on causal mechanisms depressive symptoms, body Body Areas Satisfaction Scale predicting depression across were main determinants of image satisfaction, and (BASS); Leisure-Time the study time periods later depression in exercise behavior Exercise Questionnaire pregnancy and postpartum; (LTEQ) the moderating influence of pre-pregnancy EB was evident in early pregnancy 2. Orr et al. (2006). Exercise Self-report of EB; 41-item Bivariate associations were 1) Increased coping generalizability participation before and Prenatal Social Environment evaluated for statistical correlated with increased during pregnancy among Inventory (PSEI) used to significance by using the EB) urban, black women: assess exposure to stressors; chi-square statistic. 2) Increased EB correlated The Baltimore Preterm Birth CES-D; John Henryism with decreased depression. Study. Active Coping Scale (JHAC 3) Exposure to stressors 12) used to measure and behavioural factors not propensity to cope actively associated with exercise with environmental stressors. participation before or Medical records checked for during pregnancy drug and alcohol behavior 3. Watts et al. (2013) ). Depressive symptoms were Linear regression analyses The investigating Use of convenience sample which Depressive symptoms during measured using the Hospital were used to explore the sitting time” showed overrepresented ppts in trimester “total pregnancy: Exploring the role Anxiety and Depression Scale relationship between sitting no association with 2. of sitting. Mental Health and (HADS). and depressive symptoms, depressive symptoms (F= Self-report measure of sitting time Physical Activity Sitting behaviour was whilst controlling for .77, p = 0.38). The model used. measured the Australian known covariates. investigating Underpowered. “planned
Table 2. Measures and Results of included studies Quantitative studies reporting correlations or associations Measures Analysis Results Limitations 1. et al. (2008) Determinants of pregnancy and postpartum depression: Prospective influences of depressive symptoms, body image satisfaction, and exercise behavior Personal History Questionnaire; The Centers for Epidemiological (CES-D) Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS); Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ) Four hierarchical regression analyses (HRA) were used to examine the contributions of DS, BIS, and EB for predicting depression across the study time periods DS, BIS, and EB were associated across the 3 pregnancy time points and postpartum; DS and BIS were main determinants of later depression in pregnancy and postpartum; the moderating influence of pre-pregnancy EB was evident in early pregnancy generalizability Self-report measures Prospective does not provide information on causal mechanisms 2. Orr et al. (2006). Exercise participation before and during pregnancy among urban, black women: The Baltimore Preterm Birth Study. Self-report of EB; 41-item Prenatal Social Environment Inventory (PSEI) used to assess exposure to stressors; CES-D; John Henryism Active Coping Scale (JHAC 12) used to measure propensity to cope actively with environmental stressors. Medical records checked for drug and alcohol behavior Bivariate associations were evaluated for statistical significance by using the chi-square statistic. 1) Increased coping correlated with increased EB) 2) Increased EB correlated with decreased depression. 3) Exposure to stressors and behavioural factors not associated with exercise participation before or during pregnancy generalizability 3. Watts et al. (2013) ). Depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Exploring the role of sitting. Mental Health and Physical Activity Depressive symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Sitting behaviour was measured the Australian Linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between sitting and depressive symptoms, whilst controlling for known covariates. The investigating “total sitting time” showed no association with depressive symptoms (F= .77, p = 0.38). The model investigating “planned Use of convenience sample which overrepresented ppts in trimester 2. Self-report measure of sitting time used. Underpowered.
Clinical%20Training%20Protfolio.docx