Describe some electrolytic processes involved in extracting and refining some metals Describe the process of corrosion. Explain some methods to prevent it Describe the design of fuel cells and their potential use in automobiles Give some examples of how electrochemistry affects the environment, human health, and safety Unit 4 and Acids/Bases –Equilibrium Terms Equilibrium Ion product constant for water (Kw) Dynamic equilibrium pH Equilibrium constant (Kc) pOH ICE table Polybasic species Le Chatelier’s Principle Salt Hydronium ion Acid ionization constant (Ka) Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and Percent ionization bases Base dissociation constant (Kb) Conjugate acid-base pair Acid-base indicator Conjugate base Titration Conjugate acid Equivalence point Amphiprotic, Polyprotic Acids Primary standard Strong acid End point Weak acid Acid-base titration curve Strong base Buffer solution Weak base Formulas Keq = [C]c[D]d for the general reaction + + aA bBcC dD [A]a[B]b pH = -log[H3O+] [H3O+] = 10-pH pOH = -log[OH-] [OH-] = 10-pOH Kw = [H+][OH-]=1.0 x 10-14 14 = pH +pOH Ka x Kb = Kw (for a conjugate acid-base pair) Kb = Kw/Ka %ionization = [ion] x 100% [compound] Concepts
Describe some electrolytic processes involved in extracting and refining some metals Describe the process of corrosion. Explain some methods to prevent it Describe the design of fuel cells and their potential use in automobiles Give some examples of how electrochemistry affects the environment, human health, and safety Unit 4 –Equilibrium and Acids/Bases Terms Equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium Equilibrium constant (Kc) ICE table Le Chatelier’s Principle Hydronium ion Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases Conjugate acid-base pair Conjugate base Conjugate acid Amphiprotic, Polyprotic Acids Strong acid Weak acid Strong base Weak base Ion product constant for water (Kw) pH pOH Polybasic species Salt Acid ionization constant (Ka) Percent ionization Base dissociation constant (Kb) Acid-base indicator Titration Equivalence point Primary standard End point Acid-base titration curve Buffer solution Formulas Keq = [C]c[D]d for the general reaction aA + bBcC + dD [A]a[B]b pH = -log[H3O+] [H3O+] = 10-pH pOH = -log[OH-] [OH-] = 10-pOH Kw = [H+][OH-]=1.0 x 10-14 14 = pH +pOH Ka x Kb = Kw (for a conjugate acid-base pair) Kb = Kw/Ka %ionization = [ion] x 100% [compound] Concepts
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