activities over the period from establishment until storage equilibrium (Equil.) is reached ($/ha/yr). Offset values have been adjusted for withholding a 5% risk-of-reversal buffer from sale. Alb. = Albany; Esp. = Esperance. Note: values for compost are over seven years as it is unclear when equilibrium is reached. Values for rangeland restoration are based on modelled estimates of sequestration which were highly variable according to location and landform. Sources: 1 FullCAM modelling; 2 Polglase et al. (2008); 3 Crossman et al. (2011); 4 Carson (2012); 5 Soilquality.org.au (2012); 6 Paulin & O’Malley (2008); 7 Harper et al. (2007); 8 Alchin et al. (2010); 9 Douglass et al. (2011); 10 Richards et al. (2011). 6.2 Mean annual value of carbon offsets generated from emission avoidance activities. Value of of Value of of of carbon carbon carbon carbon carbon offsets offsets offsets offsets offsets no Avoided emissions $10/ha/yr $15/ha/yr $25/ha/yr $35/ha/yr $45/ha/yr no Estimated capital and No data Activity operating costs tCO2-e/yr /tCO2-e /tCO2-e /tCO2-e /tCO2-e /tCO2-e Agricultural soils (reduced Cost of urease inhibitors, 0.006/ha (dryland crops) 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 N2O emissions, assume nitrification inhibitors and 10% reduction in modified crop agronomy emissions) 1,2 Agricultural (reduced Cost of urease inhibitors, 0.133/ha (irrigated crops) 1.2 2 3 5 6 N2O emissions, assume nitrification inhibitors and 10% reduction in modified crop agronomy emissions) 1,2 Manure management $191 000 (pond 270 per pond 2700 4050 6750 9450 12 150 (biogas from waste pond, construction) variable DAFWA Medina) 3,4 operating Enteric fermentation Variable costs of special 0.53 per cow (reduced CH4 emissions) breeding and genetic 5 8 13 19 24 5,6 modification
activities over the period from establishment until storage equilibrium (Equil.) is reached ($/ha/yr). Offset values have been adjusted for withholding a 5% risk-of-reversal buffer from sale. Alb. = Albany; Esp. = Esperance. Note: values for compost are over seven years as it is unclear when equilibrium is reached. Values for rangeland restoration are based on modelled estimates of sequestration which were highly variable according to location and landform. Sources: 1 FullCAM modelling; 2 Polglase et al. (2008); 3 Crossman et al. (2011); 4 Carson (2012); 5 Soilquality.org.au (2012); 6 Paulin & O’Malley (2008); 7 Harper et al. (2007); 8 Alchin et al. (2010); 9 Douglass et al. (2011); 10 Richards et al. (2011). 6.2 Mean annual value of carbon offsets generated from emission avoidance activities. No Activity data no Estimated capital and operating costs no Avoided emissions tCO2-e/yr Value of carbon offsets $10/ha/yr /tCO2-e of carbon offsets $15/ha/yr /tCO2-e Value of carbon offsets $25/ha/yr /tCO2-e of carbon offsets $35/ha/yr /tCO2-e of carbon offsets $45/ha/yr /tCO2-e Agricultural soils (reduced N2O emissions, assume 10% reduction in emissions) 1,2 Cost of urease inhibitors, nitrification inhibitors and modified crop agronomy 0.006/ha (dryland crops) 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 Agricultural (reduced N2O emissions, assume 10% reduction in emissions) 1,2 Cost of urease inhibitors, nitrification inhibitors and modified crop agronomy 0.133/ha (irrigated crops) 1.2 2 3 5 6 Manure management (biogas from waste pond, DAFWA Medina) 3,4 $191 000 (pond construction) variable operating 270 per pond 2700 4050 6750 9450 12 150 Enteric fermentation (reduced CH4 emissions) 5,6 Variable costs of special breeding and genetic modification 0.53 per cow 5 8 13 19 24
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