Run the tab. “Macro” Place the conductivity probe into the solution. The brightness of the light bulb shows how well the solution conducts electricity. State the relationship between the amount of solute and the solution’s conductivity. (a) As more salt is added to the solution, the solution’s conductivity . (b) As more sugar is added to the solution, the solution’s conductivity . Observe how adding water, evaporating the solution, and draining the solution affects the conductivity of the solution. Run the tab. “Micro” What types of compound are salt (sodium chloride) and sugar (sucrose) (i.e. ionic or covalent)? How do you know? (a) Salt (sodium chloride) is a compound because . (b) Sugar (sucrose) is a compound because . How do these two solutes dissolve differently in the solution? Suggest a reason for why salt and sugar conduct electricity differently. Run the tab. “Water” on water partial charges”. Describe the water molecule, including: what the molecule looks like, “Show how the charges are arranged in the molecule, and how the water molecules move in the sample. Place the salt in solution. What happens? Click Observe how the end of water molecule tends to surround the Cl− ion, and the end of “Pause.” δ+ δ− the water molecule tends to surround the Na+ ion. Why does this happen? Place the sugar molecule in water. (It is more distinguishable if the Sugar highlight” box is checked.) “Show What happens? Click on in 3D.” Compare the space-filling model of the compound with the ball-and-stick model. “Sugar
Run the “Macro” tab. Place the conductivity probe into the solution. The brightness of the light bulb shows how well the solution conducts electricity. State the relationship between the amount of solute and the solution’s conductivity. (a) As more salt is added to the solution, the solution’s conductivity . (b) As more sugar is added to the solution, the solution’s conductivity . Observe how adding water, evaporating the solution, and draining the solution affects the conductivity of the solution. Run the “Micro” tab. What types of compound are salt (sodium chloride) and sugar (sucrose) (i.e. ionic or covalent)? How do you know? (a) Salt (sodium chloride) is a compound because . (b) Sugar (sucrose) is a compound because . How do these two solutes dissolve differently in the solution? Suggest a reason for why salt and sugar conduct electricity differently. Run the “Water” tab. on “Show water partial charges”. Describe the water molecule, including: what the molecule looks like, how the charges are arranged in the molecule, and how the water molecules move in the sample. Place the salt in solution. What happens? Click “Pause.” Observe how the δ+ end of water molecule tends to surround the Cl− ion, and the δ− end of the water molecule tends to surround the Na+ ion. Why does this happen? Place the sugar molecule in water. (It is more distinguishable if the “Show Sugar highlight” box is checked.) What happens? Click on “Sugar in 3D.” Compare the space-filling model of the compound with the ball-and-stick model.
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