commercial scale LAES; 90%+ through harnessing of liquefaction process, and novel potential of >65% by utilisation waste heat from thermal thermodynamic cycles, and a of waste heat plants/industrial processes and higher ~100% through waste cold from industrial harnessing of both waste heat processes and LNG terminals and waste cold from thermal plants/industrial processes and LNG terminals 250-600 €/kWh or Cost reduction: 200-400 Mature LAES costs: <200€/kWh (LAES size €/kWh or 1500-2500 €/kW or < 1000 €/kW dependent) (LAES size dependent) Little attention paid on Advanced materials & devices Optimal integration, operation, developing new materials and for heat storage (from and management of LAES in devices for enhanced compressors and intermittent low carbon grid environment performance of LAES sources of waste heat) and cold storage for cold recycle; reduction of parasitic losses from compressors, cryogenic pumps and expanders Gaps between targets and present performance LAES extensively uses commercially available components make the technology positioned near market conditions. However, key components, operating conditions, and costs can be further improved to reach higher performances and provide better business cases. The technology gaps – divided into the different aspects of LAES - are: High investment there is a need to identify and quantify cost reduction drivers such as modularisation and development of ad hoc components. trip efficiency (RTE): thermal energy storage materials and systems have to be thoroughly studied and optimised for LAES. RTE: minimisation of required compression work during charge and maximisation of power output during discharge is crucial to increase round-trip efficiency of LAES. RTE: an improved purification unit can help improve round trip efficiency of LAES. RTE: integration of LAES with conventional plants, as it has the potential to increase overall efficiency. Comprehensive integration studies and full demonstration should be implemented.
commercial scale LAES; potential of >65% by utilisation of waste heat 90%+ through harnessing of waste heat from thermal plants/industrial processes and waste cold from industrial processes and LNG terminals liquefaction process, and novel thermodynamic cycles, and a higher ~100% through harnessing of both waste heat and waste cold from thermal plants/industrial processes and LNG terminals 250-600 €/kWh or (LAES size dependent) Cost reduction: 200-400 €/kWh or 1500-2500 €/kW (LAES size dependent) Mature LAES costs: <200€/kWh or < 1000 €/kW Little attention paid on developing new materials and devices for enhanced performance of LAES Advanced materials & devices for heat storage (from compressors and intermittent sources of waste heat) and cold storage for cold recycle; reduction of parasitic losses from compressors, cryogenic pumps and expanders Optimal integration, operation, and management of LAES in low carbon grid environment Gaps between targets and present performance LAES extensively uses commercially available components make the technology positioned near market conditions. However, key components, operating conditions, and costs can be further improved to reach higher performances and provide better business cases. The technology gaps – divided into the different aspects of LAES - are: High investment there is a need to identify and quantify cost reduction drivers such as modularisation and development of ad hoc components. trip efficiency (RTE): thermal energy storage materials and systems have to be thoroughly studied and optimised for LAES. RTE: minimisation of required compression work during charge and maximisation of power output during discharge is crucial to increase round-trip efficiency of LAES. RTE: an improved purification unit can help improve round trip efficiency of LAES. RTE: integration of LAES with conventional plants, as it has the potential to increase overall efficiency. Comprehensive integration studies and full demonstration should be implemented.
2017.01.16_ES-Roadmap_6.4_Mechanical-Energy-Storage.docx