When a chromosome is not copied correctly Mutation – Carrier Someone who has one recessive allele for a trait but doesn’t show it. – Pedigree A chart that tracts a particular trait in a family – Karyotype - A picture of all the chromosomes of a cell Genome All the DNA in one cell of an organism – Genotype An analysis of a genome to determine inherited traits – An organism that is genetically identical to the parent organism – DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid The molecule that is the base of all chromosomes – – Four bases of DNA Adenine and Thymine; Guanine and Cytosine – Heredity The passing of traits from parent to offspring – Sex-linked Gene A gene that is on the X or Y chromosome(hemophilia or blindness) – Gregor Mendel A monk in the 1850’s that studied how plants inherit traits – Crick and Watson Two scientist who first described the DNA double-helix molecule – Genetic Disorders Illnesses or disorders caused by an abnormal gene (Examples: Downs and Turner – Syndrome -wrong number of chromosomes, Recessive traits - Sickle Cell Anemia, Cystic Fibrosis) Inherited Trait A trait totally controlled by your genes (ie. Eye color) – Environmental Trait A trait that is expressed as a combination of your genes and the environment. (ie. – Skin color)
Mutation – When a chromosome is not copied correctly Carrier – Someone who has one recessive allele for a trait but doesn’t show it. Pedigree – A chart that tracts a particular trait in a family Karyotype - A picture of all the chromosomes of a cell Genome – All the DNA in one cell of an organism Genotype – An analysis of a genome to determine inherited traits – An organism that is genetically identical to the parent organism DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid – The molecule that is the base of all chromosomes Four bases of DNA – Adenine and Thymine; Guanine and Cytosine Heredity – The passing of traits from parent to offspring Sex-linked Gene – A gene that is on the X or Y chromosome(hemophilia or blindness) Gregor Mendel – A monk in the 1850’s that studied how plants inherit traits Crick and Watson – Two scientist who first described the DNA double-helix molecule Genetic Disorders – Illnesses or disorders caused by an abnormal gene (Examples: Downs and Turner Syndrome -wrong number of chromosomes, Recessive traits - Sickle Cell Anemia, Cystic Fibrosis) Inherited Trait – A trait totally controlled by your genes (ie. Eye color) Environmental Trait – A trait that is expressed as a combination of your genes and the environment. (ie. Skin color)
2016_7th_grade_science_msl_study_guide_notes.docx