Schools, Participant entertainment: assess Israel selection 73.3%; other: nutritional 16.3%). status and so Israel Ministry smoking of Education Study question is provided list design Impact by basic yes/no. of SES variable approximately Parental 1,000 schools External study education is from the validity not a significant Schools from Objective determinant of the To examine educational smoking in ultraorthodox determinant system. school Jewish, of SHS Sample independent Home: exposure in stratified by and private Teenagers Israeli population sectors were whose fathers adolescents group excluded, as had less than (Jewish, Arab were boarding 12 years of + Bedouin, SES schools. education Druze), variable Israel is (OR = 1.48; stream (state, Maternal heterogeneous CI: 1.09, 1.99; state and with broad p = .0111) religious), paternal range of were more school level education ethnic, exposed than (7–9, 10–12), (<12 years, religious and were and SES 12 years, socioeconomic teenagers (defined by College or populations whose fathers the Ministry of University, and is not had a degree Education as other generalisable from a related to the degree) to other WHO university or school, as European or college. low, high). For stage 4 Teenagers Study each school countries. with analysis
Schools, Israel Study design study Objective To examine determinant of SHS exposure in Israeli adolescents SES variable Maternal and paternal education (<12 years, 12 years, College or University, other degree) Study analysis Participant selection Israel Ministry of Education provided list of approximately 1,000 schools from the educational system. Sample stratified by population group (Jewish, Arab + Bedouin, Druze), stream (state, state religious), school level (7–9, 10–12), and SES (defined by the Ministry of Education as related to the school, as low, high). For each school entertainment: 73.3%; other: 16.3%). Impact by SES variable Parental education is not a significant determinant of smoking in school Home: Teenagers whose fathers had less than 12 years of education (OR = 1.48; CI: 1.09, 1.99; p = .0111) were more exposed than were teenagers whose fathers had a degree from a university or college. Teenagers with assess nutritional status and so smoking question is basic yes/no. External validity Schools from the ultraorthodox Jewish, independent and private sectors were excluded, as were boarding schools. Israel is heterogeneous with broad range of ethnic, religious and socioeconomic populations and is not generalisable to other WHO European or stage 4 countries.
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