The subunits (monomers) of the following biomolecules: Organic Monomer Examples of each What they do/ Functions Molecule polymer Carbohydrate Monosaccharides Starch A polymer of glucose used by plants to store energy, Such as: typically found in stems and roots Cellulose Glucose A polymer of glucose used by plants to make their cell Fructose walls Glycogen Galactose A polymer of glucose used by animals to energy Chitin A polymer of glucose used by to make their cell walls Lipid Phospholipids Make up cell membranes Fatty acids Steroids Cholesterol, Testosterone, & Estrogen are used for energy storage & include Fats & oils & Triglycerides which can be Glycerol Saturated or unsaturated Protein acids Enzymes Speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy A biologically (there are 20) functional Identify cell type Marker proteins molecule Aid in cell communication Receptor proteins consisting of 1 Lets things into and out of the cell, or carry Transport proteins or more them around the body polypeptides coiled & folded into a unique 3D shape Nucleic Acid Nucleotides Deoxyribonucleic A double stranded molecule that stores the A polymer of are 5) Acid (DNA) information needed to make proteins, and is nucleotides Each has a inherited from parents. Composed of the that serves as -sugar sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen bases the blueprint -phosphate A,T,C,&G for proteins, & group through the -nitrogen base actions of (A,T,C,G, & U) Ribonucleic Acid A single stranded molecule used in the proteins (RNA) making of proteins. Composed of the sugar controls all ribose and the nitrogen bases A,U,C,&G cellular activities The structure of an amino acid (carboxyl group, amino group, R group/variable group) The relationship between the type and sequence of amino acids and the formation of different proteins There are 20 amino acids to choose from and it’s the type & # of amino acids that makes each protein different Activation Energy The energy needed to start a chemical reaction The function of enzymes/catalysts
The subunits (monomers) of the following biomolecules: Organic Molecule Monomer Examples of each polymer What they do/ Functions Carbohydrate Monosaccharides Such as: Glucose Fructose Galactose Starch Cellulose Glycogen Chitin A polymer of glucose used by plants to store energy, typically found in stems and roots A polymer of glucose used by plants to make their cell walls A polymer of glucose used by animals to energy A polymer of glucose used by to make their cell walls Lipid Fatty acids & Glycerol Phospholipids Steroids Triglycerides Make up cell membranes Cholesterol, Testosterone, & Estrogen are used for energy storage & include Fats & oils which can be Saturated or unsaturated Protein A biologically functional molecule consisting of 1 or more polypeptides coiled & folded into a unique 3D shape acids (there are 20) Enzymes Marker proteins Receptor proteins Transport proteins Speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy Identify cell type Aid in cell communication Lets things into and out of the cell, or carry them around the body Nucleic Acid A polymer of nucleotides that serves as the blueprint for proteins, & through the actions of proteins controls all cellular activities Nucleotides are 5) Each has a -sugar -phosphate group -nitrogen base (A,T,C,G, & U) Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) A double stranded molecule that stores the information needed to make proteins, and is inherited from parents. Composed of the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen bases A,T,C,&G A single stranded molecule used in the making of proteins. Composed of the sugar ribose and the nitrogen bases A,U,C,&G The structure of an amino acid (carboxyl group, amino group, R group/variable group) The relationship between the type and sequence of amino acids and the formation of different proteins There are 20 amino acids to choose from and it’s the type & # of amino acids that makes each protein different Activation Energy The energy needed to start a chemical reaction The function of enzymes/catalysts
bio_1st_sem_review2013_key.docx