management approaches and organisation has to deal with extreme management the capacity to weather events such as approaches to appropriately floods and droughts. deal with management extreme weather flood and events such as droughts. floods and droughts. Increase water storage (medium/large reservoirs) with Flood management and Reduce CO2 Increase storage None Loss of Displacement Reservoir 2 hydropower increased water storage if emissions from for irrigation, habitat/forests of people. construction levels of rainfall and hence hydropower, drinking and potential located on site runoff decrease with clean energy purposes, carbon containing climate change. source. industrial sequestration biodiversity and growth. sink when human Strengthen reservoir area settlement. livelihood flooded. activities. transfer Transfer of water between None Management of None Potential loss of Displacement Inter-basin 1 basins/sub-basins if floods and water habitat/forests of people. infrastructure changes in hydrology lead scarcity, increase and potential construction to increased water access to water carbon located on sites scarcity, droughts and/or for sectoral uses. sequestration containing floods. sink with biodiversity and human infrastructure settlement. construction. Groundwater management and development Increase levels of None Increase levels of None Potential for Potential to Diesel or petrol 1 groundwater through and access to increased over-exact used to power recharge, if rainfall water for energy use and groundwater pumps. becomes more variable. domestic, carbon dioxide aquifers Groundwater sanitation, emission from leading to aquifers have agriculture and diesel decreased the other domestic availability. activities. potential to be Strengthen exploited for livelihood irrigation. activities. Irrigation efficiency, improved drainage More efficient use of None Improve None None None Effective 3 water for irrigation, irrigation water implementation adaptation if rainfall/flow use. and reduces with climate Improve management. change. livelihoods and Current financial returns irrigation systems performing
management approaches to deal with extreme weather events such as floods and droughts. and management approaches to deal with extreme weather events such as floods and droughts. organisation has the capacity to appropriately management flood and droughts. Increase water storage (medium/large reservoirs) with hydropower Flood management and increased water storage if levels of rainfall and hence runoff decrease with climate change. Reduce CO2 emissions from hydropower, clean energy source. Increase storage for irrigation, drinking purposes, industrial growth. Strengthen livelihood activities. None Loss of habitat/forests and potential carbon sequestration sink when reservoir area flooded. Displacement of people. Reservoir construction located on site containing biodiversity and human settlement. 2 transfer Transfer of water between basins/sub-basins if changes in hydrology lead to increased water scarcity, droughts and/or floods. None Management of floods and water scarcity, increase access to water for sectoral uses. None Potential loss of habitat/forests and potential carbon sequestration sink with infrastructure construction. Displacement of people. Inter-basin infrastructure construction located on sites containing biodiversity and human settlement. 1 Groundwater management and development Increase levels of groundwater through recharge, if rainfall becomes more variable. None Increase levels of and access to water for domestic, sanitation, agriculture and other domestic activities. Strengthen livelihood activities. None Potential for increased energy use and carbon dioxide emission from diesel Potential to over-exact groundwater aquifers leading to decreased availability. Diesel or petrol used to power pumps. Groundwater aquifers have the potential to be exploited for irrigation. 1 Irrigation efficiency, improved drainage More efficient use of water for irrigation, adaptation if rainfall/flow reduces with climate change. None Improve irrigation water use. Improve livelihoods and financial returns None None None Effective implementation and management. Current irrigation systems performing 3
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