Mount Etna, Sicily Mount Pinatubo, Philippines June 1991 Type of Composite Composite volcano Erupts fairly frequently 6 time in the last Had not erupted for over 600 years Eruption century and 5 times so far in the last History decade Type of Explosive Lava flowing from the crater VEI 6 Very explosive eruption. Pyroclastic flows 100m – – eruption thick flowed at 100km/hr or more down all sides of the at temperatures up to 1000ºC relatively – mountain reaching as far as 16km away. Lahars and ash cool lava and numerous openings fell over a 600km radius. (vents) Deaths none 6 directly from eruption 800+ indirect (secondary deaths) through ash fall and disease in refugee camps Cost Damage to infrastructure and roads. Cost $1.5 billion in property and economic damage. Management Evacuation Evacuation of wide area around volcano before the eruption. Diverting lava flow down dug channel away from settlements Refugee camps set up for displaced people Homeless few although a ski lodge and hotel 200,000 mainly from lahars – have been destroyed by lava flows in the 1990’s More effects Mount Etna is a big tourist attraction and 600,000 lost their jobs ashtrays are made in a press using molten lava. Occasionally ash falls may reach major Mudslides covered 50,000ha of crops cities like Catalonia and disrupt air traffic. Power supplies were cut off for 3 weeks and water supplies became contaminated Earthquakes: Kobe, Japan: Jan 1995 Kashmir, : Oct 2006 Magnitude 7.2 Richter scale 7.6 Richter scale Time of day 5.46am 8.52am Deaths 6,300 79,000 - Pakistan 1,400 Indian occupied Kashmir – Injured 35,000 In excess of 100.000 Many in isolated rural (countryside) villages
Mount Etna, Sicily Mount Pinatubo, Philippines June 1991 Type of volcano Eruption History Composite Erupts fairly frequently 6 time in the last century and 5 times so far in the last decade Composite Had not erupted for over 600 years Type of eruption Explosive – Lava flowing from the crater at temperatures up to 1000ºC – relatively cool lava and numerous openings (vents) VEI 6 – Very explosive eruption. Pyroclastic flows 100m thick flowed at 100km/hr or more down all sides of the mountain reaching as far as 16km away. Lahars and ash fell over a 600km radius. Deaths none 6 directly from eruption 800+ indirect (secondary deaths) through ash fall and disease in refugee camps Cost Damage to infrastructure and roads. Cost $1.5 billion in property and economic damage. Management Evacuation Diverting lava flow down dug channel away from settlements Evacuation of wide area around volcano before the eruption. Refugee camps set up for displaced people Homeless few – although a ski lodge and hotel have been destroyed by lava flows in the 1990’s 200,000 mainly from lahars More effects Mount Etna is a big tourist attraction and ashtrays are made in a press using molten lava. 600,000 lost their jobs Occasionally ash falls may reach major cities like Catalonia and disrupt air traffic. Mudslides covered 50,000ha of crops Power supplies were cut off for 3 weeks and water supplies became contaminated Earthquakes: Kobe, Japan: Jan 1995 Kashmir, : Oct 2006 Magnitude 7.2 Richter scale 7.6 Richter scale Time of day 5.46am 8.52am Deaths 6,300 79,000 - Pakistan 1,400 – Indian occupied Kashmir Injured 35,000 In excess of 100.000 Many in isolated rural (countryside) villages
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