Diminished or absent reflexes score < 12 Muscle weakness Minimal peripheral sensitization LANSS score < 12 Prognostic Low Back Pain Classification Systems Instrument Classification Categories Psychosocial Classification based on the integration of the following 6 dimensions of chronic low back pain: pain Assessment Model intensity, functional disability, attitudes toward pain, pain coping strategies, depression, and illness classification behavior. There are three distinct patient groups: (Strong 1994) Patients who were in control Patients who were depressed and disabled Patients who were active copers with high denial Multidimensional Pain Classification on the Multidimensional Pain Inventory: Inventory-based Adaptive copers classification Dysfunctional patients (Bergström 2001) Interpersonally distressed patients Psychosocial-based Classification based on psychosocial factors: classification 1 Chronic pain syndrome – (Klapow 1993) High levels of pain, impairment, and depression 2 Positive adaptation to pain – High levels of pain Low levels of impairment and depression 3 Good pain control – Low levels of pain, impairment, and depression on Dallas Pain Classification based on responses to the Dallas Pain Questionnaire: Questionnaire Class 1 minor disability – (Ozguler 2002) Class 2 intermediate disability – 3 disability for some physical activities – Class 4 Physical disability and emotional disturbance – Distress and Risk on scores from the Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ) and modified Zung Assessment Depression Index: classification Type N (normal) modified Zung < 17 – (Main 1991) Type R (at risk) modified Zung 17-33 and MSPQ < 12 – Type DD (distressed, depressed) modified Zung > 33 – Type DS (distressed, somatic) modified Zung 17-33 and MSPQ > 12 – Behavioral Based on pain behavior patterns: classification Group 1 low or moderate level of guarding and a low level of other pain behaviors – 1990) Group 2 high level of guarding and a moderate level of rubbing the painful area – Group 3 high levels of guarding and moderate levels of bracing and rubbing – 4 high level of rubbing and moderate levels of bracing –
Diminished or absent reflexes Muscle weakness Minimal peripheral sensitization LANSS score < 12 score < 12 Prognostic Low Back Pain Classification Systems Instrument Classification Categories Psychosocial Assessment Model classification (Strong 1994) Classification based on the integration of the following 6 dimensions of chronic low back pain: pain intensity, functional disability, attitudes toward pain, pain coping strategies, depression, and illness behavior. There are three distinct patient groups: Patients who were in control Patients who were depressed and disabled Patients who were active copers with high denial Multidimensional Pain Inventory-based classification (Bergström 2001) Classification on the Multidimensional Pain Inventory: Adaptive copers Dysfunctional patients Interpersonally distressed patients Psychosocial-based classification (Klapow 1993) Classification based on psychosocial factors: 1 – Chronic pain syndrome High levels of pain, impairment, and depression 2 – Positive adaptation to pain High levels of pain Low levels of impairment and depression 3 – Good pain control Low levels of pain, impairment, and depression on Dallas Pain Questionnaire (Ozguler 2002) Classification based on responses to the Dallas Pain Questionnaire: Class 1 – minor disability Class 2 – intermediate disability 3 – disability for some physical activities Class 4 – Physical disability and emotional disturbance Distress and Risk Assessment classification (Main 1991) on scores from the Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ) and modified Zung Depression Index: Type N (normal) – modified Zung < 17 Type R (at risk) – modified Zung 17-33 and MSPQ < 12 Type DD (distressed, depressed) – modified Zung > 33 Type DS (distressed, somatic) – modified Zung 17-33 and MSPQ > 12 Behavioral classification 1990) Based on pain behavior patterns: Group 1 – low or moderate level of guarding and a low level of other pain behaviors Group 2 – high level of guarding and a moderate level of rubbing the painful area Group 3 – high levels of guarding and moderate levels of bracing and rubbing 4 – high level of rubbing and moderate levels of bracing
BRS_36_27_2011_07_27_DETTORI_204665_SDC1.docx