Water Water conservation, recycling/re-use Improve use efficiency None Increase None None None Effective 3 in light of changing and productive water implementation potentially decreasing use and hence and rainfall and surface runoff availability for management. conditions at the intra and agriculture, as inter annual timescale, well as drinking particularly regarding purposes, rising water scarcity and sanitation and droughts. other livelihood activities. Disaster management for floods and droughts, early Increase level of None Increase level of None None None Government 3 warning systems preparedness and preparedness and and/or relevant management approaches management organisation has to deal with extreme approaches to the capacity to weather events such as deal with extreme appropriately floods and droughts. weather events management such as floods and and droughts. droughts. Enhance hydropower Flood management and Reduce CO2 Increase storage None Loss of Displacement Reservoir 2 increased water storage if emissions from for irrigation, habitat/forests of people. construction levels of rainfall and hence hydropower, drinking purposes, and potential located on site runoff decrease with clean energy industrial growth. carbon containing climate change. source. Strengthen sequestration biodiversity and livelihood sink when human activities. reservoir area settlement. flooded. Improve coverage and access of urban and rural Increase individual and None Improve health None None None Effective 3 domestic water supply community health and and well-being of implementation physical ability to deal with individuals and and potential temperature rise, communities. management. and changing stress on livelihood activities. Equitable allocation between water sectors Potentially increase in Potentially None None None Effective 3 water availability for increase in implementation sectoral uses as adaptation availability for and to rising temperatures and sectoral uses. management. changing rainfall patterns and hydrology. Groundwater management and development Increase levels of None Increase levels of None Potential for Potential to Diesel or petrol 1 groundwater through and access to increased over-exact used to power recharge, if rainfall water for energy use and groundwater pumps. becomes more variable. domestic, carbon dioxide aquifers Groundwater
Water Water conservation, recycling/re-use Improve use efficiency in light of changing and potentially decreasing rainfall and surface runoff conditions at the intra and inter annual timescale, particularly regarding rising water scarcity and droughts. None Increase productive water use and hence availability for agriculture, as well as drinking purposes, sanitation and other livelihood activities. None None None Effective implementation and management. 3 Disaster management for floods and droughts, early warning systems Increase level of preparedness and management approaches to deal with extreme weather events such as floods and droughts. None Increase level of preparedness and management approaches to deal with extreme weather events such as floods and droughts. None None None Government and/or relevant organisation has the capacity to appropriately management and droughts. 3 Enhance hydropower Flood management and increased water storage if levels of rainfall and hence runoff decrease with climate change. Reduce CO2 emissions from hydropower, clean energy source. Increase storage for irrigation, drinking purposes, industrial growth. Strengthen livelihood activities. None Loss of habitat/forests and potential carbon sequestration sink when reservoir area flooded. Displacement of people. Reservoir construction located on site containing biodiversity and human settlement. 2 Improve coverage and access of urban and rural domestic water supply Increase individual and community health and physical ability to deal with potential temperature rise, and changing stress on livelihood activities. None Improve health and well-being of individuals and communities. None None None Effective implementation and management. 3 Equitable allocation between water sectors Potentially increase in water availability for sectoral uses as adaptation to rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns and hydrology. Potentially increase in availability for sectoral uses. None None None Effective implementation and management. 3 Groundwater management and development Increase levels of groundwater through recharge, if rainfall becomes more variable. None Increase levels of and access to water for domestic, None Potential for increased energy use and carbon dioxide Potential to over-exact groundwater aquifers Diesel or petrol used to power pumps. Groundwater 1
1-s2.0-S1462901116307808-mmc1.docx