Lead-acid Energy cost < 150-100 €/kWh or << 0.08-0.04 €/kWh/cycle Temperature operating range for stationary applications: -30 to +50ºC Specific performances: 40-60Wh/kg and 140-250 Wh/L Cycle life: > 3,000 (80% DoD) -10,000 cycles (60% or 80% DoD) Li-ion (cell level) Specific energy: 274 Wh/kg 320 Wh/kg Energy density: 700 Wh/l 800 Wh/l Cost: 250 150 €/KWh €/kWh Power: 3 000 W/kg 10 000 W/kg Life time 5000 cycles (C anode) 10 000 cycles (C anode), 60,000 cycles (Li-ion titanate) Safety: High stability No Hazard Flow Batteries: Energy cost 120 €/kWh Power cost 250 €/kW High temperature: Energy Cost X/kWh Y/kWh 3 000 1 500 €/kW €/kW Cycle life cost: $0.04–$0.75/kWh/cycle $0.01–$0.08/kWh/cycle Na-Ion Specific Energy 90 Wh/kg (Aquion) 110 Wh/kg Energy cost S 250/kWh (Aquion) 130 $/kWh max Metal-air Systems: Zn-Air: $ 160/200/KWh for a ? 1MW/4MWH system (EOS) 700Wh/kg (Li air Polyplus) Li-air: >500Wh/kg, 300-500€/kWh 150 cycles 3000 cycles Li-S: 120 Wh/kg, 1 400 cycles at 400 Wh/kg , 3000 cycles at cell level Specific Energy: system level (48V/3 kWh: Oxis) or 350 Wh/Kg, 100 cycles at cell level (Oxis)
Lead-acid Energy cost < 150-100 €/kWh or << 0.08-0.04 €/kWh/cycle Temperature operating range for stationary applications: -30 to +50ºC Specific performances: 40-60Wh/kg and 140-250 Wh/L Cycle life: > 3,000 (80% DoD) -10,000 cycles (60% or 80% DoD) Li-ion (cell level) Specific energy: Energy density: Cost: Power: Life time Safety: 274 Wh/kg 700 Wh/l 250 €/KWh 3 000 W/kg 5000 cycles (C anode) High stability 320 Wh/kg 800 Wh/l 150 €/kWh 10 000 W/kg 10 000 cycles (C anode), 60,000 cycles (Li-ion titanate) No Hazard Flow Batteries: Energy cost Power cost 120 €/kWh 250 €/kW High temperature: Energy Cost Cycle life cost: X/kWh 3 000 €/kW $0.04–$0.75/kWh/cycle Y/kWh 1 500 €/kW $0.01–$0.08/kWh/cycle Na-Ion Specific Energy Energy cost 90 Wh/kg (Aquion) S 250/kWh (Aquion) 110 Wh/kg 130 $/kWh max Metal-air Systems: Zn-Air: Li-air: $ 160/200/KWh for a 1MW/4MWH system (EOS) 700Wh/kg (Li air Polyplus) 150 cycles ? >500Wh/kg, 300-500€/kWh 3000 cycles Li-S: Specific Energy: 120 Wh/kg, 1 400 cycles at system level (48V/3 kWh: Oxis) or 350 Wh/Kg, 100 cycles at cell level (Oxis) 400 Wh/kg , 3000 cycles at cell level
2017.01.16_ES-Roadmap_6.2_Electrochemical-Energy-Storage.docx