Mendel RNA gene Beadle & Tatum prion allele auxotroph one-gene:one-enzyme trait prototroph minimal medium P, F1, F2 metabolic pathway complete medium Griffith Neurospora crassa arginine Avery, MacLeod, & Chargaff’s Rules genetic screen McCarty Watson and Crick nuclear genome Hershey and Chase DNA bases c-value paradox Meselson & Stahl sugar-phosphate backbone model organism anti-parallel Saccharomyces proteinase complementary cerevisiae 35S hydrogen bond Caenorhabditis 32P groove elegans bacteriophage groove Drosophila semi-conservative adenine melanogaster conservative cytosine Mus musculus dispersive thymine rerio E. coli guanine Arabidopsis thaliana Nitrogen-14 Central Dogma Escherichia coli Nitrogen-15 transcription heavy vs light reverse transcription CsCl gradient translation ______________________________________________ 1.1 How would the results of the b) How could you determine what cross in Figure 1.have been different if molecules within these organisms heredity worked through blending contained genetic information? inheritance rather than particulate c) Would the mechanisms of inheritance? genetic inheritance likely be similar for all organisms from this planet? 1.2 Imagine that astronauts provide d) Would the mechanisms of you with living samples of multicellular genetic inheritance likely be similar organisms discovered on another to organisms from earth? planet. organisms reproduce with a short generation time, but nothing 1.3 It is relatively easy to extract DNA else is known about their genetics. and protein from biochemists had How could you define laws of been doing this since at least the 1800’s. a) heredity for these organisms? Why then did Hershey and Chase need to use radioactivity to label DNA and proteins in their experiments?
Mendel gene allele trait P, F1, F2 Griffith Avery, MacLeod, & McCarty Hershey and Chase Meselson & Stahl proteinase 35S 32P bacteriophage semi-conservative conservative dispersive E. coli Nitrogen-14 Nitrogen-15 heavy vs light CsCl gradient Beadle & Tatum auxotroph prototroph metabolic pathway Neurospora crassa Chargaff’s Rules Watson and Crick DNA bases sugar-phosphate backbone anti-parallel complementary hydrogen bond groove groove adenine cytosine thymine guanine Central Dogma transcription reverse transcription translation RNA prion one-gene:one-enzyme minimal medium complete medium arginine genetic screen nuclear genome c-value paradox model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae Caenorhabditis elegans Drosophila melanogaster Mus musculus rerio Arabidopsis thaliana Escherichia coli ______________________________________________ 1.1 How would the results of the cross in Figure 1.have been different if heredity worked through blending inheritance rather than particulate inheritance? 1.2 Imagine that astronauts provide you with living samples of multicellular organisms discovered on another planet. organisms reproduce with a short generation time, but nothing else is known about their genetics. a) How could you define laws of heredity for these organisms? b) How could you determine what molecules within these organisms contained genetic information? c) Would the mechanisms of genetic inheritance likely be similar for all organisms from this planet? d) Would the mechanisms of genetic inheritance likely be similar to organisms from earth? 1.3 It is relatively easy to extract DNA and protein from biochemists had been doing this since at least the 1800’s. Why then did Hershey and Chase need to use radioactivity to label DNA and proteins in their experiments?
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