Receiving Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Women at moderately increased risk or greater should be encouraged to undergo yearly mammography from 40-50 years and yearly or biennial from 50 years. Women should be reminded that most breast cancer is unrelated to a positive family history and any breast changes should be reported and acted on. Young women with a moderately increased risk of breast cancer or greater should have an annual clinical breast examination with a breast-trained healthcare provider from 10 years younger than the age of onset for the youngest affected family member. Further discussion Further information concerning high risk factors is elaborated below: Gender: Females have a higher risk of developing breast cancer than males. The ratio of male to female breast cancers is 1: 135 Age: The risk increases with age. From 35 65 years there is a 6-fold increase in breast – cancer. History of Neoplastic Disease of the Breast: Prior history of breast cancer carries an elevated risk of developing new primary breast cancer. The risk is 1% and 2% per year above the LTR at time of diagnosis, respectively for IDC and ILC. Lobular neoplasia (LN): LN, which includes atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer: 3 4x with ALH and 8 10x with LCIS. – – A breast tissue biopsy showing proliferative disease with or without atypical cells results in an increased risk of developing breast cancer; the risk is higher with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH): RR 4 5 times. – Family History: Family history of breast cancer is an independent risk factor. The risk is higher in women with breast cancer among young first degree relatives. A sister with breast cancer carries more risk than a mother. Carriers of BRCA1/ BRCA2 and other
Receiving Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Women at moderately increased risk or greater should be encouraged to undergo yearly mammography from 40-50 years and yearly or biennial from 50 years. Women should be reminded that most breast cancer is unrelated to a positive family history and any breast changes should be reported and acted on. Young women with a moderately increased risk of breast cancer or greater should have an annual clinical breast examination with a breast-trained healthcare provider from 10 years younger than the age of onset for the youngest affected family member. Further discussion Further information concerning high risk factors is elaborated below: Gender: Females have a higher risk of developing breast cancer than males. The ratio of male to female breast cancers is 1: 135 Age: The risk increases with age. From 35 – 65 years there is a 6-fold increase in breast cancer. History of Neoplastic Disease of the Breast: Prior history of breast cancer carries an elevated risk of developing new primary breast cancer. The risk is 1% and 2% per year above the LTR at time of diagnosis, respectively for IDC and ILC. Lobular neoplasia (LN): LN, which includes atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer: 3 – 4x with ALH and 8 – 10x with LCIS. A breast tissue biopsy showing proliferative disease with or without atypical cells results in an increased risk of developing breast cancer; the risk is higher with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH): RR 4 – 5 times. Family History: Family history of breast cancer is an independent risk factor. The risk is higher in women with breast cancer among young first degree relatives. A sister with breast cancer carries more risk than a mother. Carriers of BRCA1/ BRCA2 and other
ZAF_D1_Breast%20Cancer%20Policy.docx