Study analysis significant in both years (2005: t(15) = 9.017, p < .001 and 2009: t(17) = 6.915, p Inventory of commercial cigarette < .001). sources in 2005 and 2007 and 2009 and mapped using Geographic Information System Author’s conclusion of SES impact In districts with above-average SES, the supply density was lower than in districts with below-average SES, even at the beginning of the study. Decreases in the number of cigarette sources were reflected more sharply in regions of higher SES, which also emphasizes the social inequalities between these two areas. Details Method Results Comments Controls on access to tobacco products Author , year Data sources General population impact Internal validity Widome 2012 (1) Observations of the advertising No association between tobacco Completion of a full store environment in establishments (2) a marketing and compliance check assessment was not record of age-of-sale tobacco checks failure. significantly associated with Age where an undercover minor working whether stores passed their Of a total of 467 stores, 48 failed Minors aged 15-18 used for with law enforcement attempts to compliance check (p = .931). compliance check. Tobacco shops were compliance checks purchase tobacco (3) Demographic most likely to fail compliance checks (44%). Each store assessed by one data from the Year 2000 U.S. Supermarkets were least likely to fail (3%). assessor. Setting census. Minnesota, US Impact by SES variable External validity Participant selection Poverty of stores block group was not Authors report that Minnesota Study design 655 licensed tobacco vendors, both associated with compliance failure of has less racial/ethnic diversity interior and exterior assessments stores. Stores in block groups with greater
Study analysis Inventory of commercial cigarette sources in 2005 and 2007 and 2009 and mapped using Geographic Information System significant in both years (2005: t(15) = 9.017, p < .001 and 2009: t(17) = 6.915, p < .001). Author’s conclusion of SES impact In districts with above-average SES, the supply density was lower than in districts with below-average SES, even at the beginning of the study. Decreases in the number of cigarette sources were reflected more sharply in regions of higher SES, which also emphasizes the social inequalities between these two areas. Details Method Results Comments Controls on access to tobacco products Author , year Widome 2012 Age Minors aged 15-18 used for compliance checks Setting Minnesota, US Study design Data sources (1) Observations of the advertising environment in establishments (2) a record of age-of-sale tobacco checks where an undercover minor working with law enforcement attempts to purchase tobacco (3) Demographic data from the Year 2000 U.S. census. Participant selection 655 licensed tobacco vendors, both interior and exterior assessments General population impact No association between tobacco marketing and compliance check failure. Of a total of 467 stores, 48 failed compliance check. Tobacco shops were most likely to fail compliance checks (44%). Supermarkets were least likely to fail (3%). Impact by SES variable Poverty of stores block group was not associated with compliance failure of stores. Stores in block groups with greater Internal validity Completion of a full store assessment was not significantly associated with whether stores passed their compliance check (p = .931). Each store assessed by one assessor. External validity Authors report that Minnesota has less racial/ethnic diversity
Youth-report-Web.docx