HYB N/A 28 44 N/A 28 44 100 370 260 PHEV N/A 39 59 N/A 39 59 107 N/A 271 EV 36 N/A N/A 36 N/A N/A 121 N/A 300 FCV 51 85 140 51 85 140 209 N/A 616 2030 ICE* 14 25 41 14 25 41 61 300 180 HYB N/A 26 42 N/A 26 42 63 305 185 PHEV N/A 27 44 N/A 27 44 67 N/A 193 EV 20 N/A N/A 20 N/A N/A 77 N/A 212 FCV 30 52 84 30 52 84 124 N/A 362 2050 ICE* 14 25 41 14 25 41 61 300 180 HYB N/A 25 41 N/A N/A 41 61 300 180 PHEV N/A 26 43 N/A 26 43 67 N/A 192 EV 18 N/A N/A 18 N/A N/A 73 N/A 204 FCV 22 40 50 22 40 50 98 N/A 288 * The standard internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle is considered to be a representative base vehicle for the category and weight given. Sources: NRMA (2011); IEA (2009); Electrification Coalition (2009); ANL (2009). Road fuel costs The oil and natural gas price assumed in each scenario determines the changes in retail prices for the fossil fuel categories (petrol, diesel, LPG) with some differences according to relative energy content. The electricity price is also set externally by an electricity model which forms part of the modelling framework. The IEA (2008) estimates the production cost of coal to liquids (CTL) and gas to liquids (GTL) liquid fuels in the range of $US60-110/bbl and $US40-110/bbl, respectively. Shale to oil (STL)
HYB N/A 28 44 N/A 28 44 100 370 260 PHEV N/A 39 59 N/A 39 59 107 N/A 271 EV 36 N/A N/A 36 N/A N/A 121 N/A 300 FCV 51 85 140 51 85 140 209 N/A 616 2030 ICE* 14 25 41 14 25 41 61 300 180 HYB N/A 26 42 N/A 26 42 63 305 185 PHEV N/A 27 44 N/A 27 44 67 N/A 193 EV 20 N/A N/A 20 N/A N/A 77 N/A 212 FCV 30 52 84 30 52 84 124 N/A 362 2050 ICE* 14 25 41 14 25 41 61 300 180 HYB N/A 25 41 N/A N/A 41 61 300 180 PHEV N/A 26 43 N/A 26 43 67 N/A 192 EV 18 N/A N/A 18 N/A N/A 73 N/A 204 FCV 22 40 50 22 40 50 98 N/A 288 * The standard internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle is considered to be a representative base vehicle for the category and weight given. Sources: NRMA (2011); IEA (2009); Electrification Coalition (2009); ANL (2009). Road fuel costs The oil and natural gas price assumed in each scenario determines the changes in retail prices for the fossil fuel categories (petrol, diesel, LPG) with some differences according to relative energy content. The electricity price is also set externally by an electricity model which forms part of the modelling framework. The IEA (2008) estimates the production cost of coal to liquids (CTL) and gas to liquids (GTL) liquid fuels in the range of $US60-110/bbl and $US40-110/bbl, respectively. Shale to oil (STL)
Transport%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions%20projections%202013%20-%202050.docx