A wood shortage and many convenient coal deposits Elites who were interested in business, a limited monarchy A capitalist system with limited government involvement Government support for business projects and a strong navy to protect ships Cheap cotton produced by slaves in North America High literacy rates Rule of law Valuable immigrants (Dutch, Jews, Huguenots [French Protestants]) Possible reasons why industrialization did not begin in China include: China’s coal was in the north, while economic activity was centered in the south A large, rapidly growing population that allowed for human labor instead of machines Confucian ideals that valued stability and discouraged experimentation and change Lack of Chinese government support for sea explorations China’s focus on defending itself from nomadic attacks Global forces influencing the development of industrialization in Britain include: Britain’s location on the Atlantic Ocean British colonies in North America, which provided land, labor, and markets Silver from the Americas, used in trade with China Social and ideological conditions in Britain, and new thoughts about the economy that encouraged business risk-taking What were oil and natural gas doing during the era of coal? They were used mostly as fuel for lamps and other light. It wasn’t until the mid-1900s that oil caught up and surpassed — — coal in use. The spread of the Industrial Revolution Britain wanted to keep secret how its machines were made. But visitors soon learned about them and took the techniques back home. Sometimes they smuggled machines out in rowboats. The countries after Britain to develop factories and railroads were Belgium, Switzerland, France, and Germany. Building a national railroad system was an essential part of industrialization. Belgium, France, Switzerland, and Germany all began to build their railroads in the mid-1800s. Industrialization came to the United States in 1789. Samuel Slater left Britain for Rhode Island, where he set up the first textile factory on U.S soil. He couldn’t bring any notes or plans from Britain, so he had to set up the factory from memory. Railroad construction in America boomed from the 1830s to 1870s. The American Civil War (1861–1865) was the first truly industrial war. The factory-based North was fighting the agriculture-based South. Industrialization grew explosively after the war. By 1900, the United States had overtaken Britain in manufacturing, producing 24 percent of the world’s output.
A wood shortage and many convenient coal deposits Elites who were interested in business, a limited monarchy A capitalist system with limited government involvement Government support for business projects and a strong navy to protect ships Cheap cotton produced by slaves in North America High literacy rates Rule of law Valuable immigrants (Dutch, Jews, Huguenots [French Protestants]) Possible reasons why industrialization did not begin in China include: China’s coal was in the north, while economic activity was centered in the south A large, rapidly growing population that allowed for human labor instead of machines Confucian ideals that valued stability and discouraged experimentation and change Lack of Chinese government support for sea explorations China’s focus on defending itself from nomadic attacks Global forces influencing the development of industrialization in Britain include: Britain’s location on the Atlantic Ocean British colonies in North America, which provided land, labor, and markets Silver from the Americas, used in trade with China Social and ideological conditions in Britain, and new thoughts about the economy that encouraged business risk-taking What were oil and natural gas doing during the era of coal? They were used mostly as fuel for lamps and other light. It wasn’t until the mid-1900s that oil caught up — and surpassed — coal in use. The spread of the Industrial Revolution Britain wanted to keep secret how its machines were made. But visitors soon learned about them and took the techniques back home. Sometimes they smuggled machines out in rowboats. The countries after Britain to develop factories and railroads were Belgium, Switzerland, France, and Germany. Building a national railroad system was an essential part of industrialization. Belgium, France, Switzerland, and Germany all began to build their railroads in the mid-1800s. Industrialization came to the United States in 1789. Samuel Slater left Britain for Rhode Island, where he set up the first textile factory on U.S soil. He couldn’t bring any notes or plans from Britain, so he had to set up the factory from memory. Railroad construction in America boomed from the 1830s to 1870s. The American Civil War (1861–1865) was the first truly industrial war. The factory-based North was fighting the agriculture-based South. Industrialization grew explosively after the war. By 1900, the United States had overtaken Britain in manufacturing, producing 24 percent of the world’s output.
U9-TextReader-2014.docx