pricing system (Infrastructure Victoria, 2016b). Table 6 introduces a number of road user pricing policy options for Melbourne and Table 7 evaluates each of them. Table 6 Alternative road user pricing policy options. Joint Joint distance- time-, and and time- Model Model 2 Model 3 Cordon/area 1 Model 4 Model 5 Model 6 7 Definition and pros and cons of each road user pricing policy option. Option Definition Pros Cons The No A huge current implementation, opportunity pricing operating, and cost, i.e. a system is maintenance loss of maintained costs of the multiple without system potential introducing No need for a benefits a new complicated such as user-pays reduced political system. process congestion involving and emissions considerable interaction and An cooperation inefficient between the and public and inequitable different levels pricing of government system A less sustainable and liveable city A decrease in government revenues Model Vehicles Simple to Inefficient in 1 are understand and reducing charged implement congestion on a Multiple as a single benefits for the payment basis charging zone allows an when such as unlimited
pricing system (Infrastructure Victoria, 2016b). Table 6 introduces a number of road user pricing policy options for Melbourne and Table 7 evaluates each of them. Table 6 Alternative road user pricing policy options. Joint distance- and Joint time-, and Cordon/area Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 Model 6 7 Definition and pros and cons of each road user pricing policy option. Option Definition Pros Cons The current pricing system is maintained without introducing a new user-pays system. No implementation, operating, and maintenance costs of the system No need for a complicated political process involving considerable interaction and cooperation between the public and different levels of government A huge opportunity cost, i.e. a loss of multiple potential benefits such as reduced congestion and emissions An inefficient and inequitable pricing system A less sustainable and liveable city A decrease in government revenues Model 1 Vehicles are charged on a basis when Simple to understand and implement Multiple benefits for the charging zone such as Inefficient in reducing congestion as a single payment allows an unlimited time-
Transport_Strategy_Refresh_-_Background_paper_-_Transport_Pricing.DOCX