Wheels for carts sails for boats Combine copper with tin to make bronze Weapons, tools Bronze Age – Iron follows 7. Neolithic Age New Stone Age ends with metalworking – – a. 6600 BCE Copper used in , – b. Metalurghy extracting from raw ore and metalwork crafting quite difficult – – – 1. Jewelry predates 6400 BCE, but tools not efficient until later 8. 3500-3000 BCE Bronze from copper/tin discovered in Middle East, Balkans, Southeast – Asia later part Neolithic Age Bronze Age – – a. and never had a bronze age tin scarce – b. Scarcity of tin pushed need for international 9. 1500-1200 BCE Iron Age Hittites – – a. Spread to in 1000 BCE, in 500 BCE b. Possible to cultivate hard packed soil/more land c. Wave of invasions from outside features of early civilizations in different environments: culture, state, and social structure A. Mesopotamia 1. Culture a. Independent innovation that passed to Egypt/Indus b. 4000 BCE bronze, copper c. irrigation canals d. 3500 Sumerians cuneiform first writing stylus objects > sounds – – – – e. Number system 60 movement of heavenly bodies – – 1. navigation 2. time f. Architecture ziggurats 1) glory of civilization, 2) many gods – – 1. Clay primary building material g. epic Epic of Gilgamesh 1) great flood story – – 1. King’s to achieve immortality h. traders 2. State a. Unpredictable flooding need for government irrigation – – b. City-states controlled city + surrounding area – c. Geography lack of natural barriers invasion defensive – – – d. Conflicts over water/property rights e. Akkadians/Babylonians spread Sumerian culture – 1. Code of Hammurabi first written law code – a. Different rules for gender/social classes b. Very harsh, favored upper class c. Systematic, consistent set of regulations, not arbitrary will of a ruler f. After 900 BCE and Persians ruled –Assyrians g. king-like figure lugal man” – “big 3. Social structure
Wheels for carts sails for boats Combine copper with tin to make bronze Weapons, tools – Bronze Age Iron follows 7. Neolithic Age – New Stone Age – ends with metalworking a. 6600 BCE – Copper used in , b. Metalurghy – extracting from raw ore and metalwork – crafting – quite difficult 1. Jewelry predates 6400 BCE, but tools not efficient until later 8. 3500-3000 BCE – Bronze from copper/tin discovered in Middle East, Balkans, Southeast Asia – later part Neolithic Age – Bronze Age a. and never had a bronze age – tin scarce b. Scarcity of tin pushed need for international 9. 1500-1200 BCE – Iron Age – Hittites a. Spread to in 1000 BCE, in 500 BCE b. Possible to cultivate hard packed soil/more land c. Wave of invasions from outside features of early civilizations in different environments: culture, state, and social structure A. Mesopotamia 1. Culture a. Independent innovation that passed to Egypt/Indus b. 4000 BCE bronze, copper c. irrigation canals d. 3500 Sumerians – cuneiform – first writing – stylus – objects > sounds e. Number system – 60 – movement of heavenly bodies 1. navigation 2. time f. Architecture – ziggurats – 1) glory of civilization, 2) many gods 1. Clay primary building material g. epic – Epic of Gilgamesh – 1) great flood story 1. King’s to achieve immortality h. traders 2. State a. Unpredictable flooding – need for government – irrigation b. City-states – controlled city + surrounding area c. Geography – lack of natural barriers – invasion – defensive d. Conflicts over water/property rights e. Akkadians/Babylonians – spread Sumerian culture 1. Code of Hammurabi – first written law code a. Different rules for gender/social classes b. Very harsh, favored upper class c. Systematic, consistent set of regulations, not arbitrary will of a ruler f. After 900 BCE –Assyrians and Persians ruled g. king-like figure – lugal “big man” 3. Social structure
unit_one_outline.docx