Maternal outcomes Impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes Study ref Evidence Sample Setting/population Findings Comments Level size () II 1,314 Pregnant women who 25(OH)D levels <25 nmol/L were found in: Second-trimester participated in Project Viva, a 25(OH)D levels 44 of 1,087 women (4.0%) with normal glucose birth cohort study. 25(OH)D were associated tolerance levels were measured at 26-28 inversely with 9 of 159 women (5.7%) with impaired glucose weeks gestation during GDM glucose levels after tolerance screening using a 1-hour 50-g 1-hour 50-g 9 of 68 women (13.2%) with GDM. glucose challenge test glucose challenge Analyses that were adjusted for test; low 25(OH)D sociodemographics, season, maternal BMI, levels may be gestational weight gain, and dietary factors associated with suggested that women with 25(OH)D levels of <25 increased risk of vs >25 nmol/L may have higher odds of GDM. experiencing GDM (OR 2.2; 95%CI 0.8-5.5). Glucose levels after the glucose challenge test were associated inversely with 25(OH)D levels (P<0.01). () II 5,109 Study was conducted on the In the univariate analysis, women with 25(OH)D Controls were basis of a study population of concentrations <37.5 nmol/L had increased risk of sourced using a Australian 11,358 women who were GD; however, this association was attenuated method that study attending first-trimester Down after adjustment for maternal factors (aOR: 1.08; ensured the syndrome screening in NSW. 95% CI: 0.74, 1.56). random blinded selection of Cases of each study outcome samples. of interest (SGA, preterm birth, preeclampsia, GD, miscarriage, and stillbirth) were randomly selected from the maternal screening population.
Maternal outcomes Impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes Study ref Evidence Level Sample size Setting/population Findings Comments () II 1,314 Pregnant women who participated in Project Viva, a birth cohort study. 25(OH)D levels were measured at 26-28 weeks gestation during GDM screening using a 1-hour 50-g glucose challenge test 25(OH)D levels <25 nmol/L were found in: 44 of 1,087 women (4.0%) with normal glucose tolerance 9 of 159 women (5.7%) with impaired glucose tolerance 9 of 68 women (13.2%) with GDM. Analyses that were adjusted for sociodemographics, season, maternal BMI, gestational weight gain, and dietary factors suggested that women with 25(OH)D levels of <25 vs >25 nmol/L may have higher odds of experiencing GDM (OR 2.2; 95%CI 0.8-5.5). Glucose levels after the glucose challenge test were associated inversely with 25(OH)D levels (P<0.01). Second-trimester 25(OH)D levels were associated inversely with glucose levels after 1-hour 50-g glucose challenge test; low 25(OH)D levels may be associated with increased risk of GDM. () II Australian study 5,109 Study was conducted on the basis of a study population of 11,358 women who were attending first-trimester Down syndrome screening in NSW. Cases of each study outcome of interest (SGA, preterm birth, preeclampsia, GD, miscarriage, and stillbirth) were randomly selected from the maternal screening population. In the univariate analysis, women with 25(OH)D concentrations <37.5 nmol/L had increased risk of GD; however, this association was attenuated after adjustment for maternal factors (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.56). Controls were sourced using a method that ensured the random blinded selection of samples.
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