3. Civil War: Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata 4. 1917 election Venustiano Carranza as president – iii. Outcome/effects 1. Constitution of 1917 still in effect a. up large landholdings b. Nationalized ownership of natural resources and Church property c. Restricted religion d. Provided for minimum wage e. Extended suffrage to all males h. i. Impetus/Causes 1. Increasing power of foreign nations 2. Defeat in Sino-Japanese war in 1895 3. Spread of reform ideas among Western-educated Chinese 4. Discontent of poor rural peasants 5. Grant of power to provincial governments by Qing in an effort to stem uprisings ii. Stages 1. Abortive rebellions in late 2. Leadership of Dowager Empress Cixi a. Concubine that for nephew into adulthood “ruled” b. More oppressive rule i. Opposed all reform pro-Western treason – ii. Even arrested nephew/killed reformers when they tried “Hundred Days Reform” c. Outlying possessions slipped away , – 2. Chinese Revolution of 1911 a. Provincial secessions b. Declaration of republic 3. Empire under Yuan shih-K’ai 4. Years of civil war and chaos 5. Establishment of republic in 1927 under Nationalist/Kuomintang Party iii. Outcome/effects 1. Abdication of Qing (Manchu) emperor in 1912 2. Yuan declares self emperor dies in 1916 – 3. Warlords in power across 4. Unification of much of under Sun Yat-sen a. Sun Yat-sen father of modern – i. United a number of opposition groups Revolutionary Alliance – ii. Military takeover that become constitutional democracy iii. People’s Principles 1. Nationalism opposition to Manchu Rule – 2. Democracy 3. People’s Livelihood iv. Actually in when revolt started b. 1912 Sun as president – – i. Nationalist Party Kuomintang – ii. 1st time in history ruled not by imperial dynasty/foreign conqueror 1. Politician brought to power by popular action iii. Sun eventually forced to step down iv. Civil war results b. Aided by Soviets 5. Chiang Kai-shek successor to Sun a. Leads nationalist republic 6. Fight for control of with Communists under Mao Zedong i. i. 1. Cause a. Disputed authority Napoleon appoints brother Joseph Bonaparte to – Spanish throne i. Who to follow Spanish or French? – 2. Events a. Simon Bolivar Venezuelan leader – i. Enlightened educated traveled to Europe/United States –
3. Civil War: Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata 4. 1917 election – Venustiano Carranza as president iii. Outcome/effects 1. Constitution of 1917 still in effect a. up large landholdings b. Nationalized ownership of natural resources and Church property c. Restricted religion d. Provided for minimum wage e. Extended suffrage to all males h. i. Impetus/Causes 1. Increasing power of foreign nations 2. Defeat in Sino-Japanese war in 1895 3. Spread of reform ideas among Western-educated Chinese 4. Discontent of poor rural peasants 5. Grant of power to provincial governments by Qing in an effort to stem uprisings ii. Stages 1. Abortive rebellions in late 2. Leadership of Dowager Empress Cixi a. Concubine that “ruled” for nephew into adulthood b. More oppressive rule i. Opposed all reform – pro-Western treason ii. Even arrested nephew/killed reformers when they tried “Hundred Days Reform” c. Outlying possessions slipped away – , 2. Chinese Revolution of 1911 a. Provincial secessions b. Declaration of republic 3. Empire under Yuan shih-K’ai 4. Years of civil war and chaos 5. Establishment of republic in 1927 under Nationalist/Kuomintang Party iii. Outcome/effects 1. Abdication of Qing (Manchu) emperor in 1912 2. Yuan declares self emperor – dies in 1916 3. Warlords in power across 4. Unification of much of under Sun Yat-sen a. Sun Yat-sen – father of modern i. United a number of opposition groups – Revolutionary Alliance ii. Military takeover that become constitutional democracy iii. People’s Principles 1. Nationalism – opposition to Manchu Rule 2. Democracy 3. People’s Livelihood iv. Actually in when revolt started b. – 1912 – Sun as president i. Nationalist Party – Kuomintang ii. 1st time in history ruled not by imperial dynasty/foreign conqueror 1. Politician brought to power by popular action iii. Sun eventually forced to step down iv. Civil war results b. Aided by Soviets 5. Chiang Kai-shek successor to Sun a. Leads nationalist republic 6. Fight for control of with Communists under Mao Zedong i. i. 1. Cause a. Disputed authority – Napoleon appoints brother Joseph Bonaparte to Spanish throne i. Who to follow – Spanish or French? 2. Events a. Simon Bolivar – Venezuelan leader i. Enlightened educated – traveled to Europe/United States
unit4outline1750-1914.docx