motivation, and goals are areas of particular interest. 1. Attention Keller attention can be gained in two ways: (1) Perceptual arousal uses surprise or uncertainly to gain interest. Uses – novel, surprising, incongruous, and uncertain events; or (2) Inquiry arousal stimulates curiosity by posing challenging – questions or problems to be solved. Methods for grabbing the attention include the use of: learners’ Active participation -Adopt strategies such as games, roleplay or other hands-on methods to get learners involved with the material or subject matter. Variability To better reinforce materials and account for – individual differences in learning styles, use a variety of methods in presenting material (e.g. use of videos, short lectures, mini-discussion groups). Humor -Maintain interest by use a small amount of humor (but not too much to be distracting) Incongruity and Conflict A in – devil’s advocate approach which statements are posed that go against a past learner’s experiences. Specific examples Use a visual stimuli, story, or biography. – Inquiry Pose questions or problems for the learners to solve, – e.g. brainstorming activities. 2. Relevance Establish relevance in order to increase a motivation. learner’s To do this, use concrete language and examples with which the learners are familiar. Six major strategies described by Keller include: Experience Tell the learners how the new learning will use – their existing skills. We best learn by building upon our preset knowledge or skills. Present Worth What will the subject matter do for me today? – Future Usefulness What will the subject matter do for me – tomorrow? Needs Matching Take advantage of the dynamics of – achievement, risk taking, power, and affiliation. Modeling First of what you want them to Other – all, “be do!” strategies include guest speakers, videos, and having the learners who finish their work first to serve as tutors. Choice Allow the learners to use different methods to pursue – their work or allowing s choice in how they organize it.
motivation, and goals are areas of particular interest. 1. Attention Keller attention can be gained in two ways: (1) Perceptual arousal – uses surprise or uncertainly to gain interest. Uses novel, surprising, incongruous, and uncertain events; or (2) Inquiry arousal – stimulates curiosity by posing challenging questions or problems to be solved. Methods for grabbing the learners’ attention include the use of: Active participation -Adopt strategies such as games, roleplay or other hands-on methods to get learners involved with the material or subject matter. Variability – To better reinforce materials and account for individual differences in learning styles, use a variety of methods in presenting material (e.g. use of videos, short lectures, mini-discussion groups). Humor -Maintain interest by use a small amount of humor (but not too much to be distracting) Incongruity and Conflict – A devil’s advocate approach in which statements are posed that go against a learner’s past experiences. Specific examples – Use a visual stimuli, story, or biography. Inquiry – Pose questions or problems for the learners to solve, e.g. brainstorming activities. 2. Relevance Establish relevance in order to increase a learner’s motivation. To do this, use concrete language and examples with which the learners are familiar. Six major strategies described by Keller include: Experience – Tell the learners how the new learning will use their existing skills. We best learn by building upon our preset knowledge or skills. Present Worth – What will the subject matter do for me today? Future Usefulness – What will the subject matter do for me tomorrow? Needs Matching – Take advantage of the dynamics of achievement, risk taking, power, and affiliation. Modeling – First of all, “be what you want them to do!” Other strategies include guest speakers, videos, and having the learners who finish their work first to serve as tutors. Choice – Allow the learners to use different methods to pursue their work or allowing s choice in how they organize it.
WK7-QUIZ%20NOTES%20Learning%20Theories.docx