Philosophers of Absolutism and Constitutionalism Jean Bodin Jacques Bossuet and (Divine Right Absolutism) and Bossuet both argued that sovereignty resides in a monarch and Charles I receiving a from a hand above. James I and Charles I tried to put Divine Right theory into practice in England. Charles I paid for this with his life. Louis XIV, on the other hand, ruled by this philosophy and lived to a ripe old age. Thomas Hobbes John Locke (Philosophical Absolutism) (Constitutionalism) Leviathan Two Treatises on Government (Description of the Leviathan) BACKDROP: BACKDROP: English Civil War (Bloody) Glorious Revolution (Peaceful) NATURAL RIGHTS: L__________________ L__________________ P__________________ Consent of the Governed / Right of Revolution WHERE HOBBES AND LOCKE AGREE: Hobbes and Locke both rejected right” theory. Both wrote that the first people are born “divine into a state of nature, in which there was no government. In this state of nature, people have no way of protecting themselves or their property. For this reason, people form governments. The only way to keep people from destroying People establish governments to protect each other is to have an absolute ruler that is natural rights of LIFE, LIBERTY, and so powerful that no one could ever think of PROPERTY. Governments are agents of the challenging him. People choose a sovereign people in this regard, and can only act with the maintain order by governing absolutely. CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED. The people People do not have a right to overthrow the maintain their sovereignty and may overthrow sovereign, as that brings things back to the any government that fails to protect natural state of war. rights. The Dutch Republic MERCHANT OLIGARCHY
Philosophers of Absolutism and Constitutionalism Jean Bodin and Jacques Bossuet (Divine Right Absolutism) and Bossuet both argued that sovereignty resides in a monarch and Charles I receiving a from a hand above. James I and Charles I tried to put Divine Right theory into practice in England. Charles I paid for this with his life. Louis XIV, on the other hand, ruled by this philosophy and lived to a ripe old age. Thomas Hobbes (Philosophical Absolutism) John Locke (Constitutionalism) Leviathan (Description of the Leviathan) Two Treatises on Government BACKDROP: English Civil War (Bloody) BACKDROP: Glorious Revolution (Peaceful) NATURAL RIGHTS: L__________________ L__________________ P__________________ Consent of the Governed / Right of Revolution WHERE HOBBES AND LOCKE AGREE: Hobbes and Locke both rejected “divine right” theory. Both wrote that the first people are born into a state of nature, in which there was no government. In this state of nature, people have no way of protecting themselves or their property. For this reason, people form governments. The only way to keep people from destroying each other is to have an absolute ruler that is so powerful that no one could ever think of challenging him. People choose a sovereign maintain order by governing absolutely. People do not have a right to overthrow the sovereign, as that brings things back to the state of war. People establish governments to protect natural rights of LIFE, LIBERTY, and PROPERTY. Governments are agents of the people in this regard, and can only act with the CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED. The people maintain their sovereignty and may overthrow any government that fails to protect natural rights. The Dutch Republic MERCHANT OLIGARCHY
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