Medium/Medium: Long distance High: ToRSV causes virus-induced Nepovirus: tomato ringspot virus 4 spread occurs via infected grapevine decline. Cultivars vary in ToRSV propagation material and local level of susceptibility, but symptoms Associated with Grapevine yellow vein disease dissemination occurs via can be: chlorotic mottling, oak leaf nematodes. ToRSV is pattern, ringspot on leaves. Prohibited s12 (C1) – transmitted by several Chronically infected vines may result nematodes, including Xiphinema in bud death, or weak buds - leading americanum and X. rivesi both of to weak shoots and poor bunches. which are present in WA. No Can also lead to grapevine yellow evidence to suggest this virus is vein disease in warmer regions. seed borne in table grapes . Pospiviroid: citrus exocortis viroid Medium/Low: Long distance Negligible: No symptoms of disease 1 spread occurs via infected observed when CEVd infects CEVd propagation material and local grapevine . Grapevines could Prohibited s12 (C1) – dissemination occurs via represent natural reservoir from mechanical means - grafting, which the viroid can potentially be abrasion and through seed. Host transmitted to other susceptible host plants listed are cultivated in WA. crops . Sobemovirus: sowbane mosaic virus Medium/Low: Long distance Negligible: Infection is latent and 1 spread occurs via infected rare in Vitis sp. SoMV propagation material and local Unlisted (s14) dissemination occurs via mechanical means.
Nepovirus: tomato ringspot virus ToRSV Associated with Grapevine yellow vein disease Prohibited – s12 (C1) Medium/Medium: Long distance spread occurs via infected propagation material and local dissemination occurs via nematodes. ToRSV is transmitted by several nematodes, including Xiphinema americanum and X. rivesi both of which are present in WA. No evidence to suggest this virus is seed borne in table grapes . High: ToRSV causes virus-induced grapevine decline. Cultivars vary in level of susceptibility, but symptoms can be: chlorotic mottling, oak leaf pattern, ringspot on leaves. Chronically infected vines may result in bud death, or weak buds - leading to weak shoots and poor bunches. Can also lead to grapevine yellow vein disease in warmer regions. 4 Pospiviroid: citrus exocortis viroid CEVd Prohibited – s12 (C1) Medium/Low: Long distance spread occurs via infected propagation material and local dissemination occurs via mechanical means - grafting, abrasion and through seed. Host plants listed are cultivated in WA. Negligible: No symptoms of disease observed when CEVd infects grapevine . Grapevines could represent natural reservoir from which the viroid can potentially be transmitted to other susceptible host crops . 1 Sobemovirus: sowbane mosaic virus SoMV Unlisted (s14) Medium/Low: Long distance spread occurs via infected propagation material and local dissemination occurs via mechanical means. Negligible: Infection is latent and rare in Vitis sp. 1
WA%20Viticulture%20Industry%20Biosecurity%20Plan%20V1.docx