Vitamin Source Function Excess Deficiency Vitamin A Retinol: Fat-containing animal Antioxidant; protects cells from Birth defects, hair loss, dry skin, Night blindness; dry, rough skin; foods such as liver, butter, cream, destruction by oxygen. dryness of mucous membranes, increased susceptibility to Retinol = whole milk, cheeses, egg yolk Maintains healthy eyes and skin liver damage infections; and blindness or active form and a healthy immune system. xerophthalmia Carotenoids: Green leafy Helps prevent infection. Carotenoids = vegetables & fruits, carrots, sweet Inactive form potatoes, squash, spinach, broccoli, mango, cantaloupe, pumpkin Vitamin D Sunlight (changes a provitamin to Promote calcium and Deposits of calcium and Poor bone and tooth formation, vitamin D3 in humans) phosphorus absorption in the phosphorus in soft tissues, kidney rickets which causes malformed Milk, fish, liver oils, egg yolk, body and raise their and heart damage bones and pain in infants butter, fortified margarine concentration in the blood Increase the chance for kidney Osteomalacia (softening of so that normal bone and stones. bones) tooth mineralization can Osteoporosis (brittle, porous occur and tetany bones) (involuntary muscle movement) can be prevented. Vitamin E Vegetable oils: corn, soybean, Antioxidant Relatively nontoxic, fat-soluble Serious neurological defects can safflower, and cottonseed, and Prevention of hemolytic anemia vitamin. occur from malabsorption. products made from them such among premature infants Excess stored in adipose tissue. as margarine Enhance immune system Avoid long-term megadoses. Wheat germ, nuts, green leafy Prevent spoilage of commercial vegetables foods Vitamin K Green leafy vegetables: spinach Formation of prothrombin; Anemia can result from Defective blood coagulation, broccoli, cabbage. clotting of blood excessive amounts of synthetic which increases clotting time Dairy products: eggs, meats Vitamin K is given for vitamin K and makes client prone to Fruits, and cereals. Newborns immediately after hemorrhage Bacteria in small intestine birth
Vitamin Source Function Excess Deficiency Vitamin A Retinol = active form Carotenoids = Inactive form Retinol: Fat-containing animal foods such as liver, butter, cream, whole milk, cheeses, egg yolk Carotenoids: Green leafy vegetables & fruits, carrots, sweet potatoes, squash, spinach, broccoli, mango, cantaloupe, pumpkin Antioxidant; protects cells from destruction by oxygen. Maintains healthy eyes and skin and a healthy immune system. Helps prevent infection. Birth defects, hair loss, dry skin, dryness of mucous membranes, liver damage Night blindness; dry, rough skin; increased susceptibility to infections; and blindness or xerophthalmia Vitamin D Sunlight (changes a provitamin to vitamin D3 in humans) Milk, fish, liver oils, egg yolk, butter, fortified margarine Promote calcium and phosphorus absorption in the body and raise their concentration in the blood so that normal bone and tooth mineralization can occur and tetany (involuntary muscle movement) can be prevented. Deposits of calcium and phosphorus in soft tissues, kidney and heart damage Increase the chance for kidney stones. Poor bone and tooth formation, rickets which causes malformed bones and pain in infants Osteomalacia (softening of bones) Osteoporosis (brittle, porous bones) Vitamin E Vegetable oils: corn, soybean, safflower, and cottonseed, and products made from them such as margarine Wheat germ, nuts, green leafy vegetables Antioxidant Prevention of hemolytic anemia among premature infants Enhance immune system Prevent spoilage of commercial foods Relatively nontoxic, fat-soluble vitamin. Excess stored in adipose tissue. Avoid long-term megadoses. Serious neurological defects can occur from malabsorption. Vitamin K Green leafy vegetables: spinach broccoli, cabbage. Dairy products: eggs, meats Fruits, and cereals. Bacteria in small intestine Formation of prothrombin; clotting of blood Vitamin K is given for Newborns immediately after birth Anemia can result from excessive amounts of synthetic vitamin K Defective blood coagulation, which increases clotting time and makes client prone to hemorrhage
Vitamins.docx