Functions of all major cell organelles and structures (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion, rough ER, smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfilaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane [active and passive transport], cytosol) Components of mobility (e.g., cilia, flagella, pseudopodia) CELL LOCATION DESCRIPTION FUNCTION STRUCTURE Outer layer Support (grow tall) Plant, Fungi, & Rigid & strong Cell Wall Bacteria, but not plant (cellulose) animal cells Fungi (chitin) Protection Bacteria (peptoglycan) Plant - inside cell wall Controls movement of materials Animal - outer layer; cholesterol in/out of cell. Cell Membrane All cells Double layer of phospholipids with Barrier between cell and its proteins environment Selectively permeable Maintains homeostasis Controls cell activities Large, oval Nucleus All cells except May contain 1 or more nucleoli prokaryotes Contains the hereditary material Holds DNA of the cell Surrounds nucleus Controls movement of materials All cells except Double membrane Nuclear membrane in/out of nucleus prokaryotes Selectively permeable Clear, thick, jellylike material (cytosol) Cytoplasm Supports and protects cell All cells Organelles found inside cell membrane organelles Contains the cytoskeleton fibers Network of tubes or membranes Carries materials through cell Endoplasmic Smooth w/o ribosomes reticulum (ER) All cells except Rough with embedded ribosomes prokaryotes Connects to nuclear envelope & cell Aids in making proteins membrane Ribosome Small bodies free or attached to ER All cells Synthesizes proteins Made of rRNA & protein Peanut shaped Breaks down sugar (glucose) Double membrane molecules to release energy Mitochondrion All cells except Outer membrane smooth prokaryotes Inner membrane folded into cristae Site of aerobic cellular respiration Store food, water, metabolic & Plant cells have a Fluid-filled sacs toxic wastes single, large vacuole Vacuole Animal cells have Largest organelle in plant cells Store large amounts of food or small vacuoles sugars in plants
Functions of all major cell organelles and structures (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion, rough ER, smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfilaments, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell membrane [active and passive transport], cytosol) Components of mobility (e.g., cilia, flagella, pseudopodia) CELL STRUCTURE LOCATION DESCRIPTION FUNCTION Cell Wall Plant, Fungi, & Bacteria, but not animal cells Outer layer Rigid & strong plant (cellulose) Fungi (chitin) Bacteria (peptoglycan) Support (grow tall) Protection Cell Membrane All cells Plant - inside cell wall Animal - outer layer; cholesterol Double layer of phospholipids with proteins Selectively permeable Controls movement of materials in/out of cell. Barrier between cell and its environment Maintains homeostasis Nucleus All cells except prokaryotes Large, oval May contain 1 or more nucleoli Holds DNA Controls cell activities Contains the hereditary material of the cell Nuclear membrane All cells except prokaryotes Surrounds nucleus Double membrane Selectively permeable Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus Cytoplasm All cells Clear, thick, jellylike material (cytosol) Organelles found inside cell membrane Contains the cytoskeleton fibers Supports and protects cell organelles Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) All cells except prokaryotes Network of tubes or membranes Smooth w/o ribosomes Rough with embedded ribosomes Connects to nuclear envelope & cell membrane Carries materials through cell Aids in making proteins Ribosome All cells Small bodies free or attached to ER Made of rRNA & protein Synthesizes proteins Mitochondrion All cells except prokaryotes Peanut shaped Double membrane Outer membrane smooth Inner membrane folded into cristae Breaks down sugar (glucose) molecules to release energy Site of aerobic cellular respiration Vacuole Plant cells have a single, large vacuole Animal cells have small vacuoles Fluid-filled sacs Largest organelle in plant cells Store food, water, metabolic & toxic wastes Store large amounts of food or sugars in plants
WCHS%20state%20test%20reveiw.docx