Racial segregation Based upon race Directed primarily against African Americans, but other groups also were kept segregated American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924. Crow” laws “Jim Passed to discriminate against African Americans Made discrimination practices legal in many communities and states Were characterized by unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government African American Responses: Booker T. Washington: Believed equality be achieved through vocational education; accepted social segregation W.E.B. DuBois: Believed in full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans. U.S. Western Expansion: During the nineteenth century, people’s perceptions and use of the Great Plains changed. Technological advances allowed people to live in more challenging environments. Because of new technologies, people saw the Great Plains not as a wasteland” but as a vast area to be settled. “treeless Physical features & climate of the Great Plains Inventions and adaptations Barbed wire Beef cattle raising Flatlands that rise gradually from east to Steel plows Wheat farming west Dry farming Windmills Land eroded by wind and water Sod houses Railroads Low rainfall Frequent dust storms Advances in transportation linked resources, products, and markets. Manufacturing areas were clustered near centers of population. Transportation resources: Moving natural resources (e.g., copper, lead) to eastern factories Moving iron ore deposits to sites of steel mills (e.g., Pittsburgh) Transporting finished products to national markets Examples of manufacturing areas: Textile industry: New England Automobile industry: Detroit Steel industry: Pittsburgh Reasons for increase westward expansion: Opportunities for land ownership Technological advances, including the Transcontinental Railroad Possibility of obtaining wealth, created by the discovery of gold and silver Desire for adventure Desire for a new beginning for former enslaved African Americans Impact on American Indians: Opposition by American Indians to westward expansion (Battle of Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull, Geronimo) Forced relocation from traditional lands to reservations (Chief Joseph, Nez Percé) Reduced population through warfare and disease (Battle of Wounded Knee) Assimilation attempts and lifestyle changes (e.g., reduction of buffalo population) Reduced their homelands through treaties that were broken U.S. Immigration and Population Growth: Population changes, growth of cities, & new inventions produced interaction & often conflict between different cultural groups and in urban areas.
Racial segregation Based upon race Directed primarily against African Americans, but other groups also were kept segregated American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924. “Jim Crow” laws Passed to discriminate against African Americans Made discrimination practices legal in many communities and states Were characterized by unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government African American Responses: Booker T. Washington: Believed equality be achieved through vocational education; accepted social segregation W.E.B. DuBois: Believed in full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans. U.S. Western Expansion: During the nineteenth century, people’s perceptions and use of the Great Plains changed. Technological advances allowed people to live in more challenging environments. Because of new technologies, people saw the Great Plains not as a “treeless wasteland” but as a vast area to be settled. Physical features & climate of the Great Plains Flatlands that rise gradually from east to west Land eroded by wind and water Low rainfall Frequent dust storms Inventions and adaptations Barbed wire Steel plows Dry farming Sod houses Beef cattle raising Wheat farming Windmills Railroads Advances in transportation linked resources, products, and markets. Manufacturing areas were clustered near centers of population. Transportation resources: Moving natural resources (e.g., copper, lead) to eastern factories Moving iron ore deposits to sites of steel mills (e.g., Pittsburgh) Transporting finished products to national markets Examples of manufacturing areas: Textile industry: New England Automobile industry: Detroit Steel industry: Pittsburgh Reasons for increase westward expansion: Opportunities for land ownership Technological advances, including the Transcontinental Railroad Possibility of obtaining wealth, created by the discovery of gold and silver Desire for adventure Desire for a new beginning for former enslaved African Americans Impact on American Indians: Opposition by American Indians to westward expansion (Battle of Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull, Geronimo) Forced relocation from traditional lands to reservations (Chief Joseph, Nez Percé) Reduced population through warfare and disease (Battle of Wounded Knee) Assimilation attempts and lifestyle changes (e.g., reduction of buffalo population) Reduced their homelands through treaties that were broken U.S. Immigration and Population Growth: Population changes, growth of cities, & new inventions produced interaction & often conflict between different cultural groups and in urban areas.
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