higher among non-GWV than GWV. Blanchard (2006) Random sample of US CDC-derived 28.9 15.8 2.16 (1.61-2.90) Participation rates: GWV () GWV (N=1035) and definition 53% & non-GWV 39%. face-to-face personnel Non-response bias: OR was adjusted for age, gender, race, education, interviews (N=1116) who participated participants were more duty type, service, rank, income, combat and medical in a Department of Defence likely to be female, older, exposure, Khamisiyah exposure, psychiatric examination, study in 1995-1996. white, reservists and in a conditions with onset prior January 1 1991 and 2001 previous study were more self-reported doctor diagnosed medical conditions likely to have reported more symptoms and illnesses than non-participants. Kang (2009)() Longitudinal Stratified random sample Presence of 36.5 11.7 3.05 (2.77-3.36) Participation GWV postal and from previous of US several different 40% and non-GWV 27%. OR was adjusted for age, gender, race, body telephone GWV (Navy, Army, Air symptoms Non-response bias: mass cigarette smoking, rank, service, unit interview, Force, Marines; N=6111) together that were more component (active duty, NG or reserve) 2003-2005 and non-deployed Gulf Era persisted for 6 likely to be younger, single, personnel frequency months or more non-white or enlisted rank matched on gender, service and not be in 1991 than branch and status adequately Definition of multisymptom (N=3859). explained illness adopted in the study through medical was not clearly stated. or psychiatric diagnoses
higher among non-GWV than GWV. Blanchard (2006) () face-to-face interviews and medical examination, 2001 Random sample of US GWV (N=1035) and personnel (N=1116) who participated in a Department of Defence study in 1995-1996. CDC-derived definition 28.9 15.8 2.16 (1.61-2.90) Participation rates: GWV 53% & non-GWV 39%. Non-response bias: participants were more likely to be female, older, white, reservists and in a previous study were more likely to have reported more symptoms and illnesses than non-participants. OR was adjusted for age, gender, race, education, duty type, service, rank, income, combat exposure, Khamisiyah exposure, psychiatric conditions with onset prior January 1 1991 and self-reported doctor diagnosed medical conditions Kang (2009)() Longitudinal postal and telephone interview, 2003-2005 Stratified random sample from previous of US GWV (Navy, Army, Air Force, Marines; N=6111) and non-deployed Gulf Era personnel frequency matched on gender, service branch and status (N=3859). Presence of several different symptoms together that persisted for 6 months or more and not be adequately explained through medical or psychiatric diagnoses 36.5 11.7 3.05 (2.77-3.36) Participation GWV 40% and non-GWV 27%. Non-response bias: were more likely to be younger, single, non-white or enlisted rank in 1991 than Definition of multisymptom illness adopted in the study was not clearly stated. OR was adjusted for age, gender, race, body mass cigarette smoking, rank, service, unit component (active duty, NG or reserve)
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