Food surplus Advanced cities Advanced technology Skilled workers Complex institutions government, religion – System of writing/record keeping What is the most common source of change: connection or diffusion versus independent invention? Connection/diffusion due to interaction vs. invented something new or – used it in a new way a. Diffusion ironwork Assyrians to Kushites – – b. Invention Nok people of smelting iron – – 2. Farming of certain crops diffusion > > > – – a. Others independent sub-Saharan , , – 3. After emergence, diffusion takes over exchange of techniques, seeds, crops – Developing agriculture and technology Agricultural, pastoral, and foraging societies, and their demographic characteristics (Include , the , and .) Foraging societies small groups of people traveled climate/food availability – – 1. Bad - climate, disease, famine, natural disasters 2. No permanent shelters 3. to how much land can feed 4. Mammals, fished, gathered 5. Organization a. Some had chiefs, leaders, religious figures b. Coordination needed for hunting large game later used for – warfare 6. Worshipped deities buried dead 100,000 years ago burial sites – – a. Sacrifices, ceremonies 7. Expression through art art 32,000 old, flutes 30,000 years old – 8. Gender division of labor a. Physical differences men hunted, made war, labor – b. Women gathered, prepared food, maintained home, children c. Roles not seen as superior, just different - debatable Pastoral societies domestication of animals – Mountain regions, insufficient rainfall Small scale agriculture to add to milking Extended family important Women w/ few rights, men controlled food production Power based on size of herd Couldn’t settle needed to look for food for herd Seasonal migration Difficult to become “civilized” * to experiment w/ plants/seeds Mix animal husbandry w/ domestication
Food surplus Advanced cities Advanced technology Skilled workers Complex institutions – government, religion System of writing/record keeping What is the most common source of change: connection or diffusion versus independent invention? Connection/diffusion – due to interaction vs. invented something new or used it in a new way a. Diffusion – ironwork – Assyrians to Kushites b. Invention – Nok people of – smelting iron 2. Farming of certain crops – diffusion – > > > a. Others independent – sub-Saharan , , 3. After emergence, diffusion takes over – exchange of techniques, seeds, crops Developing agriculture and technology Agricultural, pastoral, and foraging societies, and their demographic characteristics (Include , the , and .) Foraging societies – small groups of people traveled – climate/food availability 1. Bad - climate, disease, famine, natural disasters 2. No permanent shelters 3. to how much land can feed 4. Mammals, fished, gathered 5. Organization a. Some had chiefs, leaders, religious figures b. Coordination needed for hunting large game – later used for warfare 6. Worshipped deities – buried dead 100,000 years ago – burial sites a. Sacrifices, ceremonies 7. Expression through art – art 32,000 old, flutes 30,000 years old 8. Gender division of labor a. Physical differences – men hunted, made war, labor b. Women gathered, prepared food, maintained home, children c. Roles not seen as superior, just different - debatable Pastoral societies – domestication of animals Mountain regions, insufficient rainfall Small scale agriculture to add to milking Extended family important Women w/ few rights, men controlled food production Power based on size of herd Couldn’t settle needed to look for food for herd Seasonal migration Difficult to become “civilized” * to experiment w/ plants/seeds Mix animal husbandry w/ domestication
unit_one_outline.docx