bicycle parking and facilities are Analysis of parking and congestion provided. patterns in Melbourne would be possible, but require sophisticated Parking pricing or controls can displace analysis which has not yet been commuter parking to other locations undertaken - or at least, not published. unless a large area is managed. The search for parking adds to traffic through cruising. What role does parking Weak or contrary evidence that parking Poor or mixed. There are strong beliefs have in retailing? influences retailing viability around the importance of parking (supply and/or turnover) for parking but Available studies suggest that the limited behaviour studies or large scale number of drivers, and influence of evidence. parking, is overestimated by traders. Studies that do exist indicate that the Retail spending is higher by importance of cars and parking is often pedestrians and cyclists. overestimated by traders. Change to retail parking is politically However these studies may not be fraught. transferable to specific locations and retailing types. Detailed trials are City of Melbourne retail parking and lacking. turnover is highly managed in the CBD. Traders in other centres may compete VISTA data provides strong with long-term parking. data on the comparatively low use of parking for trips including retail The City of Melbourne is the top and hospitality to the City of Melbourne. metropolitan destination for social and fourth for retail trips. It is not known, however, which trips were not undertaken or went to Three-quarters of retail trips, and 70% different locations due to parking of social trips (including hospitality), to differences. the City of Melbourne were by non-car travel. The most significant users of on-street parking in the municipality were: work related trips, residential (storage), social trips, and picks up and deliveries. What role does parking Off-street parking adds to new housing Strong evidence from empirical studies have in housing? costs directly and indirectly on the influence of parking and parking requirements on housing costs and Residential parking adds around diversity. $40,000 - $80,000 per space in the City of Melbourne Very good data on residential parking spaces from CLUE. Off-street residential parking is also a desirable feature, including for banks Data is reasonable. but patchy for and for re-sale value. estimates of residential parking
bicycle parking and facilities are provided. Parking pricing or controls can displace commuter parking to other locations unless a large area is managed. The search for parking adds to traffic through cruising. Analysis of parking and congestion patterns in Melbourne would be possible, but require sophisticated analysis which has not yet been undertaken - or at least, not published. What role does parking have in retailing? Weak or contrary evidence that parking influences retailing viability Available studies suggest that the number of drivers, and influence of parking, is overestimated by traders. Retail spending is higher by pedestrians and cyclists. Change to retail parking is politically fraught. City of Melbourne retail parking and turnover is highly managed in the CBD. Traders in other centres may compete with long-term parking. The City of Melbourne is the top metropolitan destination for social and fourth for retail trips. Three-quarters of retail trips, and 70% of social trips (including hospitality), to the City of Melbourne were by non-car travel. The most significant users of on-street parking in the municipality were: work related trips, residential (storage), social trips, and picks up and deliveries. Poor or mixed. There are strong beliefs around the importance of parking (supply and/or turnover) for parking but limited behaviour studies or large scale evidence. Studies that do exist indicate that the importance of cars and parking is often overestimated by traders. However these studies may not be transferable to specific locations and retailing types. Detailed trials are lacking. VISTA data provides strong data on the comparatively low use of parking for trips including retail and hospitality to the City of Melbourne. It is not known, however, which trips were not undertaken or went to different locations due to parking differences. What role does parking have in housing? Off-street parking adds to new housing costs directly and indirectly Residential parking adds around $40,000 - $80,000 per space in the City of Melbourne Off-street residential parking is also a desirable feature, including for banks and for re-sale value. Strong evidence from empirical studies on the influence of parking and parking requirements on housing costs and diversity. Very good data on residential parking spaces from CLUE. Data is reasonable. but patchy for estimates of residential parking
Transport_Strategy_Refresh_-_Background_paper_-_Car_Parking.docx