medical products than say motor vehicles), and the user group (e.g., the standard of care is greater for children and babies because they are unable to protect themselves). What is the burden of proof? This topic is also addressed in detail by Green (2002). There may be legal precedents for the burden of proof required · Beyond any shadow of a · Beyond a reasonable doubt · The preponderance of evidence · The balance of the evidence · The most probable outcome · There is a reasonable chance · The possibility exists This too is a question for which there are often very different perspectives, with the pro-safety folks arguing for safety measures to be put in place when there is some evidence of risk. Others will argue against safety measures until enough people die and there is compelling evidence of a safety problem, sometimes referred to as a tombstone count. What Kinds of Data Can Be Used to Address the Main Question? The answer to the too long question depends on the measurement category used to answer the question and the method by which the data is collected. The measurement categories included crashes and near crashes, a close surrogate measure, driver performance, and driver comfortable (Table 4). Table 4. Methods and Measurement Categories. Measurement Natural/uncontrolled Controlled Simulated/ category (driving, task, estimated both) occlusion, look away, driving experiment control vision or task or both Crashes (& near) Re-analysis of FOT How many How many data (e.g., 100 car) crashes or near crashes for crashes occurred various How often do crashes in a simulation as simulations of occur as a function of a function of how people look glance secondary task and look away characteristics? characteristics? (scenario dependent)
medical products than say motor vehicles), and the user group (e.g., the standard of care is greater for children and babies because they are unable to protect themselves). What is the burden of proof? This topic is also addressed in detail by Green (2002). There may be legal precedents for the burden of proof required · Beyond any shadow of a · Beyond a reasonable doubt · The preponderance of evidence · The balance of the evidence · The most probable outcome · There is a reasonable chance · The possibility exists This too is a question for which there are often very different perspectives, with the pro-safety folks arguing for safety measures to be put in place when there is some evidence of risk. Others will argue against safety measures until enough people die and there is compelling evidence of a safety problem, sometimes referred to as a tombstone count. What Kinds of Data Can Be Used to Address the Main Question? The answer to the too long question depends on the measurement category used to answer the question and the method by which the data is collected. The measurement categories included crashes and near crashes, a close surrogate measure, driver performance, and driver comfortable (Table 4). Table 4. Methods and Measurement Categories. Measurement category Natural/uncontrolled Controlled (driving, task, both) occlusion, look away, driving experiment control vision or task or both Simulated/ estimated Crashes (& near) Re-analysis of FOT data (e.g., 100 car) How often do crashes occur as a function of glance characteristics? How many crashes or near crashes occurred in a simulation as a function of secondary task characteristics? How many crashes for various simulations of how people look and look away (scenario dependent)
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