() II 60 We consecutively recruited 41 Migration: immigrant (originating from Mean+/-SD 25(OH)D in gestational week 12 Africa, the Middle East, India, was 20+/-11 nmol/L among the immigrants Pakistan, Bangladesh and and 60+/-17 nmol/L among the Swedish South America) and 19 women (p<0.001). matched healthy native Postpartum 25(OH)D was 29+/-18 nmol/L Swedish women among the immigrants and 53+/-19 nmol/L among the Swedish women (p=0.003). () II 494 Blood samples were taken Skin phototype: The mean 25(OH)D levels in Deficiency: from 154 African-American, African-American, Hispanic, and Caucasian 25(OH)D 194 Hispanic, and 146 pregnant women were 15.5 +/- 7.2 (standard <20 ng/mL or Caucasian women at deviation), 24.1 +/- 8.7, 29.0 +/- 8.5 ng/mL, <50 nmol/L <14 weeks of gestation at a respectively. Ninety-seven percent of Insufficiency: southern latitude. 81% of Hispanics, and 67% of 25(OH)D Caucasians were deficient or insufficient. Of these >20 ng/mL or pregnant women, 82% had vitamin D levels <32 <32 ng/mL or ng/mL (<80 ng/mL). >50 nmol/L or In logistic regression models, race was the most <80 nmol/L important risk factor for vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. African-American women and Hispanic women were more likely to have vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency than Caucasian women. Furthermore, primigravid women were more at risk for vitamin D insufficiency.
() II 60 We consecutively recruited 41 immigrant (originating from Africa, the Middle East, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and South America) and 19 healthy native Swedish women Migration: Mean+/-SD 25(OH)D in gestational week 12 was 20+/-11 nmol/L among the immigrants and 60+/-17 nmol/L among the Swedish women (p<0.001). Postpartum 25(OH)D was 29+/-18 nmol/L among the immigrants and 53+/-19 nmol/L among the Swedish women (p=0.003). () II 494 Blood samples were taken from 154 African-American, 194 Hispanic, and 146 Caucasian women at <14 weeks of gestation at a southern latitude. Skin phototype: The mean 25(OH)D levels in African-American, Hispanic, and Caucasian pregnant women were 15.5 +/- 7.2 (standard deviation), 24.1 +/- 8.7, 29.0 +/- 8.5 ng/mL, respectively. Ninety-seven percent of 81% of Hispanics, and 67% of Caucasians were deficient or insufficient. Of these pregnant women, 82% had vitamin D levels <32 ng/mL (<80 ng/mL). In logistic regression models, race was the most important risk factor for vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. African-American women and Hispanic women were more likely to have vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency than Caucasian women. Furthermore, primigravid women were more at risk for vitamin D insufficiency. Deficiency: 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL or <50 nmol/L Insufficiency: 25(OH)D >20 ng/mL or <32 ng/mL or >50 nmol/L or <80 nmol/L matched
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