Basic features of major world belief systems BELIEF BASIC FEATURES, INCLUDING GENDER ROLES MAJOR AREAS SYSTEMS belief in a number of deities that can be anthromorphic or Polytheism everywhere related to the non-human world Five Relationships Confucianism East Asia Mandate of Heaven Yin-Yang, Dualism in Nature, People part of the balance in Daoism East Asia Nature philosophy; trade and common culture throughout Hellenism Mediterranean Mediterranean science and technology developments at Alexandria -- Library caste system multiple expressions of deities Hinduism South and Southeast Asia emphasis on ritual prayer sacred texts Four Noble Truths Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, Southeast Buddhism Eight-Fold Path Asia monotheistic, emphasis on daily prayer, Judaism Mediterranean world sacred text -- Torah monotheistic Mediterranean world and then expansion into Christianity Jesus Christ as savior Latin West, areas controlled by Byzantines, Gospels, emphasis on saints Ethiopia, India monotheistic Arabian peninsula, Mediterranean world then Mohammad as prophet Islam expansion into Islamic Spain, Persia, India, Qu'ran, Sufi emphasis on saints North Africa, Sudanic Africa Sunni, Sh'ia split Class/Social Systems: social structures a Social stratification Family structure of women castes: ideal: wife and mother brahmin -- priests The caste system in patriarchal and but their labor was needed for agricultural merchants Indian subcontinent patrilineal work and domestic industries farmers Rare of women rulers. untouchables Slaves not be citizens in ancient Greece or Rome. Female slaves were usually for domestic Under Islam, the Slaves under Islam could become work, but in large empires female slaves mother's status free if they converted. might be brought in the household of the Major slave systems determined if the In all agricultural societies, slavery or elite to bear children. Under Islam, the child was free or serfdom was a common last resort for mother's status determined if the child was slave. farmers in debt or in need of military free or slave. protection. Rulers -- hereditary unless overthrown and challenger gains wife and mother but their labor was "mandate of heaven" needed for agricultural work and domestic Confucian social Civil servants selected by patriarchal and industries. hierarchy examination (this system is begun patrilineal Rare of women rulers. (e.g. Empress during the Han dynasty) Wu during the Tang dynasty) Farmers Craftspeople
Basic features of major world belief systems BELIEF SYSTEMS BASIC FEATURES, INCLUDING GENDER ROLES MAJOR AREAS Polytheism belief in a number of deities that can be anthromorphic or related to the non-human world everywhere Confucianism Five Relationships Mandate of Heaven East Asia Daoism Yin-Yang, Dualism in Nature, People part of the balance in Nature East Asia Hellenism philosophy; trade and common culture throughout Mediterranean science and technology developments at Alexandria -- Library Mediterranean Hinduism caste system multiple expressions of deities emphasis on ritual prayer sacred texts South and Southeast Asia Buddhism Four Noble Truths Eight-Fold Path Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia Judaism monotheistic, emphasis on daily prayer, sacred text -- Torah Mediterranean world Christianity monotheistic Jesus Christ as savior Gospels, emphasis on saints Mediterranean world and then expansion into Latin West, areas controlled by Byzantines, Ethiopia, India Islam monotheistic Mohammad as prophet Qu'ran, Sufi emphasis on saints Sunni, Sh'ia split Arabian peninsula, Mediterranean world then expansion into Islamic Spain, Persia, India, North Africa, Sudanic Africa Class/Social Systems: social structures a Social stratification Family structure of women The caste system in Indian subcontinent castes: brahmin -- priests merchants farmers untouchables patriarchal and patrilineal ideal: wife and mother but their labor was needed for agricultural work and domestic industries Rare of women rulers. Major slave systems Slaves not be citizens in ancient Greece or Rome. Slaves under Islam could become free if they converted. In all agricultural societies, slavery or serfdom was a common last resort for farmers in debt or in need of military protection. Under Islam, the mother's status determined if the child was free or slave. Female slaves were usually for domestic work, but in large empires female slaves might be brought in the household of the elite to bear children. Under Islam, the mother's status determined if the child was free or slave. Confucian social hierarchy Rulers -- hereditary unless overthrown and challenger gains "mandate of heaven" Civil servants selected by examination (this system is begun during the Han dynasty) Farmers Craftspeople patriarchal and patrilineal wife and mother but their labor was needed for agricultural work and domestic industries. Rare of women rulers. (e.g. Empress Wu during the Tang dynasty)
unit_1_and_2_cram_packet.docx