Table 2.2: Overview and comparison of concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies taken from (Khan and Arsalan, 2016). Linear Fresnel Parabolic dish Technology Parabolic troughs Solar towers reflectors (Dish-Stirling) It uses mirrored The Long and thin The larger number dishes to By focusing the segment of of heliostats are concentrate parabolic sheet to a mirrors are used used for focusing sunlight onto a fixed point where to focus incoming sun rays onto a central receiver objects intended to rays to the fixed central receiver then and then the How it works? be heated are absorber then the heated such converted thermal placed, It can be concentrated heat as molten salt is energy can be single axis or dual goes to a heat used to produce used to produce axis (for tracking of exchanger to steam for electricity electricity or it can the sun) drive steam generation also be routed to generator the main grid Capacity (MW) 10–300 10–200 10–200 0.01–0.025 It has been Commercially Pilot commercial Demonstration commercially projects mature or not? projects projects proven 11–16 13 7–20 12–25 efficiency in % (Annual) Temperatures 350–550 390 250–565 550–750 (°C) Storage Yes Yes Yes No systems exist? •Increased mature CSP •Most •Higher efficiency •Higher technology concentration electricity efficiencies •Generate Advantages can produce than •It •Cheaper in absence of sun most •The heat at higher parabolic trough efficient systems •Economically temperatures collectors proven efficient cost •Less •High to a large of flexibility •Difficult •Requires •Lack restricted •Output integrate storage area of land transfer •Heat Disadvantages to moderate steam capacity into maintenance require a •Daily design number of equipment
Table 2.2: Overview and comparison of concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies taken from (Khan and Arsalan, 2016). Technology Parabolic troughs Linear Fresnel reflectors Solar towers Parabolic dish (Dish-Stirling) How it works? By focusing the parabolic sheet to a fixed point where objects intended to be heated are placed, It can be single axis or dual axis (for tracking of the sun) The Long and thin segment of mirrors are used to focus incoming rays to the fixed absorber then concentrated heat goes to a heat exchanger to drive steam generator The larger number of heliostats are used for focusing sun rays onto a central receiver then the heated such as molten salt is used to produce steam for electricity generation It uses mirrored dishes to concentrate sunlight onto a central receiver and then the converted thermal energy can be used to produce electricity or it can also be routed to the main grid Capacity (MW) 10–300 10–200 10–200 0.01–0.025 Commercially mature or not? It has been commercially proven projects Pilot commercial projects Demonstration projects efficiency in % (Annual) 11–16 13 7–20 12–25 Temperatures (°C) 350–550 390 250–565 550–750 Storage systems exist? Yes Yes Yes No Advantages •Most mature CSP technology •It can produce heat at higher temperatures •Higher concentration •Cheaper than parabolic trough collectors •Increased efficiency •Generate electricity in absence of sun •Economically proven •Higher efficiencies •The most efficient systems Disadvantages •Output restricted to moderate steam •Less efficient •Difficult to integrate storage capacity into design •Requires a large area of land •Daily maintenance •High cost •Lack of flexibility •Heat transfer require a number of equipment
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