Biomolecules Summary Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Elements Carbon, hydrogen, & Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, oxygen CHO nitrogen nitrogen, & phosphorus CHO (and phosphorus (P) for CHON CHONP (usually 1:2:1 ratio) phospholipids) - CHOP Monomer Sugar or glucose or Fatty acids & glycerol Amino acids Nucleotides monosaccharide or *not a true monomer (20 different types due to a * Phosphate group attached simple or C6H12O6 variable group”) to a sugar molecule (ribose in “R Triglycerides- 3 fatty acids & * contains an amino and RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) glycerol carboxyl group which is attached to a Phospholipids- 2 fatty acids & nitrogenous base (adenine, glycerol cytosine, guanine, thymine or uracil) Structure of Triglycerides Nucleotide monomer Phospholipids Function * Quick energy * Store energy * Control the rate/speed of * Store and transmit genetic * Structural purposes in * Part of biological chemical reactions information plants (cellulose cell wall), membranes (phospholipids) * Transport substances into * Code for the production of fungi (chitin cell wall), & * Waterproof coverings and out of cells proteins insects (chitin * Hormones, such as steroids * Help fight disease exoskeleton) Monosaccharides: Phospholipids Enzymes DNA glucose, galactose, & Steroids Antibodies RNA Examples fructose Fat Disaccharides: sucrose, Cholesterol maltose, & lactose Oil Polysaccharides: plant starch, glycogen (equivalent of starch in
Biomolecules Summary Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Elements Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen CHO (usually 1:2:1 ratio) Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen CHO (and phosphorus (P) for phospholipids) - CHOP Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen CHON Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, & phosphorus CHONP Monomer Sugar or glucose or monosaccharide or simple or C6H12O6 Fatty acids & glycerol *not a true monomer Triglycerides- 3 fatty acids & glycerol Phospholipids- 2 fatty acids & glycerol Amino acids (20 different types due to a variable “R group”) * contains an amino and carboxyl group Nucleotides * Phosphate group attached to a sugar molecule (ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) which is attached to a nitrogenous base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine or uracil) Structure of monomer Triglycerides Phospholipids Nucleotide Function * Quick energy * Structural purposes in plants (cellulose cell wall), fungi (chitin cell wall), & insects (chitin exoskeleton) * Store energy * Part of biological membranes (phospholipids) * Waterproof coverings * Hormones, such as steroids * Control the rate/speed of chemical reactions * Transport substances into and out of cells * Help fight disease * Store and transmit genetic information * Code for the production of proteins Examples Monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, & fructose Disaccharides: sucrose, maltose, & lactose Polysaccharides: plant starch, glycogen (equivalent of starch in Phospholipids Steroids Fat Cholesterol Oil Enzymes Antibodies DNA RNA
2015-_2016_biomolecules_summary_chart.docx