Age range Description of trial Developmental Phenomena 0-2 years Sensorimotor- Baby explores through 5 Object Permanence The awareness that an – senses. Initially grasping, sucking reflexes. object exists even though not visible. Shake a Grabbing objects and exploring it with rattle and gain attention of 3month old then mouth. cover it with cloth = no longer interested. These skills develop and become more Repeat with 8month old and child shows complex distress at its disappearance. 2-6 years Preoperational- Child begins to use Animism/pretend play Give an inanimate – symbols/signs/objects to represent things object feelings. Egocentrism Seeing the world from child’s – perspective & world is an extension of oneself. When playing hide and seek, if you child can’t see you, you can’t see child. 7-11 years Concrete Operational Child thinking Conservation- old child will focus on what – logically about concrete events and grasping they see, not what they know. When presented concrete analogies. Can understand with one tall narrow glass and a short fat glass something is the same, though different (both with the same amount of water), the 4 appearance. year old will say the tall narrow one has more because it looks so. A 7year old can identify there is the same amount. 11+ Formal Operational Thinking about Abstract Piaget gave child containers of – – hypothetical scenarios and processing different liquids, one of which called ‘the abstract thoughts. Child can manipulate ideas indicator’. The child had to find a combination in heads and creatively imagine outcomes of that would turn the indicator yellow. Child problem solving. would systematically solve the problem, Piaget thought when this stage began the whereas younger child would test in a structure of thinking would stop, though way’. ‘haphazard complexity/flexibility and level of abstraction keeps growing with age.
Age range Description of Developmental Phenomena 0-2 years Sensorimotor- Baby explores through 5 senses. Initially grasping, sucking reflexes. Grabbing objects and exploring it with mouth. These skills develop and become more complex Object Permanence – The awareness that an object exists even though not visible. Shake a rattle and gain attention of 3month old then cover it with cloth = no longer interested. Repeat with 8month old and child shows distress at its disappearance. 2-6 years Preoperational- Child begins to use symbols/signs/objects to represent things Animism/pretend play – Give an inanimate object feelings. Egocentrism – Seeing the world from child’s perspective & world is an extension of oneself. When playing hide and seek, if you child can’t see you, you can’t see child. 7-11 years Concrete Operational – Child thinking logically about concrete events and grasping concrete analogies. Can understand something is the same, though different appearance. Conservation- old child will focus on what they see, not what they know. When presented with one tall narrow glass and a short fat glass (both with the same amount of water), the 4 year old will say the tall narrow one has more because it looks so. A 7year old can identify there is the same amount. 11+ Formal Operational – Thinking about hypothetical scenarios and processing abstract thoughts. Child can manipulate ideas in heads and creatively imagine outcomes of problem solving. Piaget thought when this stage began the structure of thinking would stop, though complexity/flexibility and level of abstraction keeps growing with age. Abstract – Piaget gave child containers of different liquids, one of which called ‘the indicator’. The child had to find a combination that would turn the indicator yellow. Child would systematically solve the problem, whereas younger child would test in a ‘haphazard way’. trial
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