21 Academic A smart city as a high-tech Advanced, high-tech, Schaffers et al. intensive and advanced city that information, (2012c) connects people, information and sustainability, green, city elements using new competitive, technologies in order to create a innovation, sustainable greener city, a commerce, quality of competitive and innovative life, administration, commerce and an increase in the maintenance. quality of life with a straightforward administration and maintenance system of the city. 22 Academic A "smart city" is a city well Citizens, economy, Chourabi et al. performing in a forward-looking people, governance, (2012a) way in the six characteristics (smart mobility, economy, smart people, smart environment, living. governance, smart mobility, smart environment, smart living) built on the 'smart' combination of endowments and activities of independent and aware citizens. 23 Academic A city "connecting the physical Interconnected IT, Chourabi et al. infrastructure, the IT infrastructure, social, business (2012b) the social infrastructure, and the infrastructure. business infrastructure to leverage the collective intelligence of the city". 24 Academic A city striving to make itself Efficient, sustainable, Chourabi et al. "smarter" (more efficient, equitable, liveable, (2012c) sustainable, equitable, and liveable) standard of living. 25 Academic Based on the exploration of a wide Technology, Chourabi et al. and extensive array of literature governance, policy (2012d) from various disciplinary areas, we context, people and identify eight critical factors of communities, smart city initiatives: management economy, built and organization, technology, infrastructure, and governance, policy context, people natural environment. and communities, economy, built infrastructure, and natural environment.
21 Academic A smart city as a high-tech intensive and advanced city that connects people, information and city elements using new technologies in order to create a sustainable greener city, a competitive and innovative commerce and an increase in the quality of life with a straightforward administration and maintenance system of the city. Advanced, high-tech, information, sustainability, green, competitive, innovation, commerce, quality of life, administration, maintenance. Schaffers et al. (2012c) 22 Academic A "smart city" is a city well performing in a forward-looking way in the six characteristics (smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment, smart living) built on the 'smart' combination of endowments and activities of independent and aware citizens. Citizens, economy, people, governance, mobility, environment, living. Chourabi et al. (2012a) 23 Academic A city "connecting the physical infrastructure, the IT infrastructure, the social infrastructure, and the business infrastructure to leverage the collective intelligence of the city". Interconnected IT, social, business infrastructure. Chourabi et al. (2012b) 24 Academic A city striving to make itself "smarter" (more efficient, sustainable, equitable, and liveable) Efficient, sustainable, equitable, liveable, standard of living. Chourabi et al. (2012c) 25 Academic Based on the exploration of a wide and extensive array of literature from various disciplinary areas, we identify eight critical factors of smart city initiatives: management and organization, technology, governance, policy context, people and communities, economy, built infrastructure, and natural environment. Technology, governance, policy context, people and communities, economy, built infrastructure, and natural environment. Chourabi et al. (2012d)
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