d. Compare and contrast the structure, properties, and principle functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in living organisms. (DOK 2) Basic chemical composition of each group. Building components of each group (e.g., amino acids, monosaccharides, nucleotides, etc.) Basic functions (e.g., energy, storage, cellular, heredity) of each group Summary of Biological Macromolecules: Macromolecule Building Blocks Functions Sugars Energy storage (4 Cal/gm) Polysaccharides Structure (cell walls, exoskeletons) (monosaccharides) Energy storage (9 Cal/gm) Lipids (Triglycerides) Fatty acids, glycerol Cell membranes Lipids (Phospholipids) Fatty acids, glycerol, phosphate group Cell structure Enzymes Amino acids Molecular motors (muscle, etc) Proteins Membrane pumps & channels (20 types) Hormones & receptors Immune system: antibodies 4 Bases: A, C, G, T Storage of hereditary information Deoxyribose sugar Nucleic Acids: DNA (genetic code) Phosphate (forms a double helix) Subunits called nucleotides Nucleic Acids (RNA) 4 Bases: A, C, G, U Protein synthesis: 3 types: Ribose sugar m-RNA: working copy of genetic m-RNA Phosphate code for a gene (transcription) Subunits called t-RNA t-RNA & r-RNA: translation of the nucleotides r-RNA code (usually a single strand) e. Examine the life processes to conclude the role enzymes play in regulating biochemical reactions. (DOK 2) Enzyme structure Enzyme function, including enzyme-substrate specificity and factors that affect enzyme function (pH and temperature) As an enzyme works it combines with its substrate and converts it to product(s). How Enzymes Work Important properties of catalysts are:
d. Compare and contrast the structure, properties, and principle functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in living organisms. (DOK 2) Basic chemical composition of each group. Building components of each group (e.g., amino acids, monosaccharides, nucleotides, etc.) Basic functions (e.g., energy, storage, cellular, heredity) of each group Summary of Biological Macromolecules: Macromolecule Building Blocks Functions Polysaccharides Sugars (monosaccharides) Energy storage (4 Cal/gm) Structure (cell walls, exoskeletons) Lipids (Triglycerides) Fatty acids, glycerol Energy storage (9 Cal/gm) Lipids (Phospholipids) Fatty acids, glycerol, phosphate group Cell membranes Proteins Amino acids (20 types) Cell structure Enzymes Molecular motors (muscle, etc) Membrane pumps & channels Hormones & receptors Immune system: antibodies Nucleic Acids: DNA (forms a double helix) 4 Bases: A, C, G, T Deoxyribose sugar Phosphate Subunits called nucleotides Storage of hereditary information (genetic code) Nucleic Acids (RNA) 3 types: m-RNA t-RNA r-RNA (usually a single strand) 4 Bases: A, C, G, U Ribose sugar Phosphate Subunits called nucleotides Protein synthesis: m-RNA: working copy of genetic code for a gene (transcription) t-RNA & r-RNA: translation of the code e. Examine the life processes to conclude the role enzymes play in regulating biochemical reactions. (DOK 2) Enzyme structure Enzyme function, including enzyme-substrate specificity and factors that affect enzyme function (pH and temperature) As an enzyme works it combines with its substrate and converts it to product(s). How Enzymes Work Important properties of catalysts are:
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