Vitamin B6 Poultry, fish, liver, kidney, Essential for protein Toxicity is rare Deficiency symptoms include Pyridoxine potatoes, bananas, spinach, metabolism and absorption, irritability, depression, and and unrefined whole grains and aids in release of glucose dermatitis. from glycogen. Oral contraceptives interfere Serves as catalyst in conversion with metabolism of vitamin B6 of tryptophan (inactive niacin) and can result in a deficiency. to niacin; Helps synthesize neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. Folic acid Cereals fortified with folate, green Needed for Excess can mask vitamin Deficiency may lead to neural (folate) leafy vegetables, legumes, DNA synthesis, B12 deficiency and tube defects in fetus such as sunflower seeds, fruits such as Protein metabolism, inactivates phenytoin, an spina bifida (spinal cord or orange juice and strawberries Formation of hemoglobin anticonvulsant drug used spinal fluid bulge through the by epileptics. back) and anencephaly (absence Increased need during of the brain). pregnancy and growth. Other signs include 600 g/day required one month inflammation of mouth and before conception through first tongue, poor growth, problems six weeks of pregnancy. with nerve functions. Megaloblastic anemia Vitamin B12 Animal foods, especially organ Involved in folate metabolism, Deficiency is rare Cobalamin meats, lean meat, seafood, maintenance of the myelin Symptoms include pernicious eggs, dairy products. sheath, and healthy red blood anemia (if intrinsic factor cells. absent), sore mouth and Increased need during To be absorbed, must bind with tongue, pallor, weight loss, pregnancy and lactation. intrinsic factor in stomach. neurological system damage. Pernicious anemia may result from loss of intrinsic factor. Pantothenic Sources include meats, poultry, Involved in metabolism of Toxicity from excess not confirmed Natural deficiencies unknown Acid fish, eggs, whole grain cereals, and carbohydrates, fats, proteins.
Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine Poultry, fish, liver, kidney, potatoes, bananas, spinach, and unrefined whole grains Essential for protein metabolism and absorption, and aids in release of glucose from glycogen. Serves as catalyst in conversion of tryptophan (inactive niacin) to niacin; Helps synthesize neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. Toxicity is rare Deficiency symptoms include irritability, depression, and dermatitis. Oral contraceptives interfere with metabolism of vitamin B6 and can result in a deficiency. Folic acid (folate) Cereals fortified with folate, green leafy vegetables, legumes, sunflower seeds, fruits such as orange juice and strawberries Needed for DNA synthesis, Protein metabolism, Formation of hemoglobin Increased need during pregnancy and growth. 600 g/day required one month before conception through first six weeks of pregnancy. Excess can mask vitamin B12 deficiency and inactivates phenytoin, an anticonvulsant drug used by epileptics. Deficiency may lead to neural tube defects in fetus such as spina bifida (spinal cord or spinal fluid bulge through the back) and anencephaly (absence of the brain). Other signs include inflammation of mouth and tongue, poor growth, problems with nerve functions. Megaloblastic anemia Vitamin B12 Cobalamin Animal foods, especially organ meats, lean meat, seafood, eggs, dairy products. Increased need during pregnancy and lactation. Involved in folate metabolism, maintenance of the myelin sheath, and healthy red blood cells. To be absorbed, must bind with intrinsic factor in stomach. Pernicious anemia may result from loss of intrinsic factor. Deficiency is rare Symptoms include pernicious anemia (if intrinsic factor absent), sore mouth and tongue, pallor, weight loss, neurological system damage. Pantothenic Acid Sources include meats, poultry, fish, eggs, whole grain cereals, and Involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins. Toxicity from excess not confirmed Natural deficiencies unknown
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