emission reduced by standards. 16.2 per cent, The Area C 21.3 per cent, is a and 15 per charge cent between introduced in 2007 and 2012 2011. Following the requiring vehicles pay introduction of a flat daily the Area C, charge of traffic €5 (AU$8) when volumes, road entering the accidents, and cordon area. PM10 emissions within the cordon area further reduced by 30.1 per cent, 23.8 per cent, and 18 per cent respectively between 2011 and 2012. Public transport use (the number of passengers exiting subway stations) and the average public transport speed within the cordon area increased by 12.5 per cent and 11.8 per cent respectively in 2012 compared with 2011. Oregon, To replace A Whitty (2007): USA the gas tax During the for revenue field test, collection those who charge paid the whereby
emission standards. The Area C is a charge introduced in 2012 requiring vehicles pay a flat daily charge of €5 (AU$8) when entering the cordon area. reduced by 16.2 per cent, 21.3 per cent, and 15 per cent between 2007 and 2011. Following the introduction of the Area C, traffic volumes, road accidents, and PM10 emissions within the cordon area further reduced by 30.1 per cent, 23.8 per cent, and 18 per cent respectively between 2011 and 2012. Public transport use (the number of passengers exiting subway stations) and the average public transport speed within the cordon area increased by 12.5 per cent and 11.8 per cent respectively in 2012 compared with 2011. Oregon, USA To replace the gas tax for revenue collection A charge whereby Whitty (2007): During the field test, those who paid the
Transport_Strategy_Refresh_-_Background_paper_-_Transport_Pricing.DOCX