Protection Transcription of non-translated RNA tRNA (transfer RNA, which carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation. rRNA (ribosome RNA), which together with protein forms the ribosome. Mutations A mutation is the change in the structure or amount of an organism’s genetic material Mutations can have various effects on the individual: Lethal many mutations are lethal and embryos are non viable( results – – in spontaneous abortion) Harmful lethal mutations are expressed and deleterious effects –non eg Downs Syndrome, Cystic Fibrosis Useful mutations arise which are useful, particularly in a –occasionally new environment e.g antibiotic resistance in bacteria (THIS CAN BECOME THE RAW MATERIAL FOR EVOLUTION) Mutations occur randomly and spontaneously They can be increased by ( induced) by other factors called mutagenic agents X-rays UV rays Chemical agents benzene, carbon tetra chloride, mustard gas –
Protection Transcription of non-translated RNA tRNA (transfer RNA, which carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation. rRNA (ribosome RNA), which together with protein forms the ribosome. Mutations A mutation is the change in the structure or amount of an organism’s genetic material Mutations can have various effects on the individual: Lethal – many mutations are lethal and embryos are non – viable( results in spontaneous abortion) Harmful –non lethal mutations are expressed and deleterious effects eg Downs Syndrome, Cystic Fibrosis Useful –occasionally mutations arise which are useful, particularly in a new environment e.g antibiotic resistance in bacteria (THIS CAN BECOME THE RAW MATERIAL FOR EVOLUTION) Mutations occur randomly and spontaneously They can be increased by ( induced) by other factors called mutagenic agents X-rays UV rays Chemical agents – benzene, carbon tetra chloride, mustard gas
Unit-1-Notes-1.docx