Appendix A - Chemicals identified in hydraulic fracturing fluids and flowback and produced waters A1 Typical chemicals used in Australian coal seam gas hydraulic fracturing fluids (APPEA 2012) CAS no. Chemical Common function Common use Percentage type/name volume of chemical in the HF fluid 7732-18-5 Water Hydraulic fracturing/ Drinking, bathing, 75–99 proppant suspension cooking 7727-37-9 Nitrogen Fluid weight reducer/ Used in cryogenic, 0–70 proppant suspension food processing, medical 14808-60-7 Crystalline silica Proppant Cat litter, tile mortar, 0–25 (quartz) arts and crafts, ceramic glaze, glaze, concrete, paint 14464-46-1 Crystalline silica Proppant Sand, gravel 0–25 (cristobalite) 56-81-5 Glycerin Additive Food and 0–1 pharmaceutical industry, hair products 26172-55-4 Microbial control Used in toiletries, 0–1 cosmetics, dishwashing liquids 2682-20-4 Microbial control Used in toiletries, 0–1 cosmetics, dishwashing liquids 7681-52-9 Sodium Microbial control Disinfectant, bleach, 0–1 hypochlorite milk production, water treatment, dental/medical, wood/deck cleaner, mildew remover Phosphonium Microbial control Cooling systems, 0–1 sulfate paper-making industry 6410-41-9 C.I. pigment red 5 Microbial control Food colouring, paints, 0–1 agriculture 584-08-7 Potassium Buffer, stabiliser, Soap, glass, and china 0–1 carbonate solvent production 127-09-3 Sodium acetate Buffer, stabiliser, Flavouring additive in 0–1 solvent food industry
Appendix A - Chemicals identified in hydraulic fracturing fluids and flowback and produced waters A1 Typical chemicals used in Australian coal seam gas hydraulic fracturing fluids (APPEA 2012) CAS no. Chemical type/name Common function Common use Percentage volume of chemical in the HF fluid 7732-18-5 Water Hydraulic fracturing/ proppant suspension Drinking, bathing, cooking 75–99 7727-37-9 Nitrogen Fluid weight reducer/ proppant suspension Used in cryogenic, food processing, medical 0–70 14808-60-7 Crystalline silica (quartz) Proppant Cat litter, tile mortar, arts and crafts, ceramic glaze, glaze, concrete, paint 0–25 14464-46-1 Crystalline silica (cristobalite) Proppant Sand, gravel 0–25 56-81-5 Glycerin Additive Food and pharmaceutical industry, hair products 0–1 26172-55-4 Microbial control Used in toiletries, cosmetics, dishwashing liquids 0–1 2682-20-4 Microbial control Used in toiletries, cosmetics, dishwashing liquids 0–1 7681-52-9 Sodium hypochlorite Microbial control Disinfectant, bleach, milk production, water treatment, dental/medical, wood/deck cleaner, mildew remover 0–1 Phosphonium sulfate Microbial control Cooling systems, paper-making industry 0–1 6410-41-9 C.I. pigment red 5 Microbial control Food colouring, paints, agriculture 0–1 584-08-7 Potassium carbonate Buffer, stabiliser, solvent Soap, glass, and china production 0–1 127-09-3 Sodium acetate Buffer, stabiliser, solvent Flavouring additive in food industry 0–1
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