Ruiu 2009 To assess the 15 patients with Subjects consumed Food intake diary to Minimised by Significant decrease Unclear effects of a daily a controlled diet monitor diet cross-over in total and LDL funding single dose of under the guidance adherence, but design and cholesterol and source. plant sterols on were enrolled and of a dietitian, with a intakes not dietary advice. increase in HDL lipoprotein completed the trial daily placebo or quantified. cholesterol by t-test. metabolism (67% male, mean age plant sterol yoghurt Assessment of Change in LDL and 54y) drink (100mL, with compliance unclear. HDL cholesterol or without 1.6g plant Blood lipids remained significant sterol esters) measured with ANCOVA. consumed in the enzymatically, LDL morning. isolated by 2x 4wk periods with ultracentrifugation a 3wk washout (diet but quantification continued during unclear. washout). ANCOVA and t-test analysis. Shaghaghi To compare the 53 subjects with mild Subjects consumed Subjects consumed Minimised by Both sterol No adverse 2014 effects of a new to moderate their regular diet yoghurt in study cross-over preparations effects formulation of and attended the centre. No dietary design. Lack of significantly observed. were recruited, 47 study centre once a intake assessment. dietary reduced total and Power (WD) completed trial (53% day to consume Blood lipids assessment LDL cholesterol calculation plant sterols with male, 19-75y). 100g control or test measured by risks concentrations. performed for that of plant yoghurt, containing automated confounders not LDL-C. sterol esters on 2g plant sterols (as techniques, with being identified. Industry blood lipids and esters or as LDL calculated. funded study. fat soluble sterols). Analysis by ANOVA vitamins. 3x 29d treatment with Dunnett’s periods, with 4wk multiple comparison wash-out. test.
Ruiu 2009 To assess the effects of a daily single dose of plant sterols on lipoprotein metabolism 15 patients with were enrolled and completed the trial (67% male, mean age 54y) Subjects consumed a controlled diet under the guidance of a dietitian, with a daily placebo or plant sterol yoghurt drink (100mL, with or without 1.6g plant sterol esters) consumed in the morning. 2x 4wk periods with a 3wk washout (diet continued during washout). Food intake diary to monitor diet adherence, but intakes not quantified. Assessment of compliance unclear. Blood lipids measured enzymatically, LDL isolated by ultracentrifugation but quantification unclear. ANCOVA and t-test analysis. Minimised by cross-over design and dietary advice. Significant decrease in total and LDL cholesterol and increase in HDL cholesterol by t-test. Change in LDL and HDL cholesterol remained significant with ANCOVA. Unclear funding source. Shaghaghi 2014 To compare the effects of a new formulation of (WD) plant sterols with that of plant sterol esters on blood lipids and fat soluble vitamins. 53 subjects with mild to moderate were recruited, 47 completed trial (53% male, 19-75y). Subjects consumed their regular diet and attended the study centre once a day to consume 100g control or test yoghurt, containing 2g plant sterols (as esters or as 3x 29d treatment periods, with 4wk wash-out. Subjects consumed yoghurt in study centre. No dietary intake assessment. Blood lipids measured by automated techniques, with LDL calculated. Analysis by ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. Minimised by cross-over design. Lack of dietary assessment risks confounders not being identified. Both sterol preparations significantly reduced total and LDL cholesterol concentrations. No adverse effects observed. Power calculation performed for LDL-C. Industry funded study. sterols).
Systematic%20review%20phytosterols%20and%20cholesterol.docx