openness The dependency ratio is the sum of World Bank, World 100.963 47.211 exports and imports of goods and services Development (31.01) (199.675) measured as a share of gross domestic Indicators product. Financial An index of restrictions on cross-border Chin and Ito (2008) 0.414 0 openness transactions. (3.339) (23.242) The index includes capital flows and capital restrictions Credit to private Financial resources provided to the private WB, World 31.012 2.449 sector sector, such as loans, purchases of Development (23.876) (109.082) securities, and trade credits and Indicators other accounts receivable that establish a claim for repayment. Institutional Index of political rights, ranging from 1 to Freedom House 3.035 1.592 quality 7—for political rights and civil liberties, (0.529) (3.965) with 1 representing the most free and 7 the least free. Conflict variable, taking the value of 1 in a year of 0.0826 0 conflict (0.276) (1) Sample of countries Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
openness The dependency ratio is the sum of exports and imports of goods and services measured as a share of gross domestic product. World Bank, World Development Indicators 100.963 (31.01) 47.211 (199.675) Financial openness An index of restrictions on cross-border transactions. The index includes capital flows and capital restrictions Chin and Ito (2008) 0.414 (3.339) 0 (23.242) Credit to private sector Financial resources provided to the private sector, such as loans, purchases of securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable that establish a claim for repayment. WB, World Development Indicators 31.012 (23.876) 2.449 (109.082) Institutional quality Index of political rights, ranging from 1 to 7—for political rights and civil liberties, with 1 representing the most free and 7 the least free. Freedom House 3.035 (0.529) 1.592 (3.965) Conflict variable, taking the value of 1 in a year of conflict 0.0826 (0.276) 0 (1) Sample of countries Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
The%20link%20between%20trade%20openness%20etc_resubmitted%20to%20ES.docx