clinically and epidemiologically; always send specimens for culture. Symptom (individuals) Possible Diagnosis Tularemia, plague, staph Pulmonary enterotoxin B (SEB) Botulism, Venezuelan equine Neuromuscular encephalitis (VEE) 5 Establish a – Bleeding/purpura VHF, ricin, plague (late) diagnosis. Flu-like symptoms Varies Immediate Symptoms (large Possible Diagnosis numbers) SEB, mustard, Lewisite, Pulmonary phosgene, cyanide Neurologic Nerve gases, cyanide Delayed Symptoms (large Possible Diagnosis numbers) Biologic agents, mustard, Pulmonary phosgene Botulism, VEE, other Neurologic encephalitis 6 Render prompt – A irway, B reathing, C irculation. treatment Gown, gloves, mask and hand washing, and eyewear if • necessary, are sufficient. Recommended isolation precautions for biologic agents • include: 7 Provide good – Standard Precautions for all individuals/patients – infection control. Contact Precautions Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers – Droplet Precautions Pheumonic Plague and – Tularemia Airborne Precautions - Smallpox CALL Your local law enforcement agency; call either 911 or your local phone number for law enforcement. Your area FBI office CALL SECOND: Western WA: 206-622-0460 8 Alert the proper – Eastern WA: 509-747-5196 authorities. After hours statewide in WA: 206-622-0460 CALL THIRD: Your local emergency management agency, or if unavailable, the WA state EM Duty Officer at: 1-800-258-5990 Steps in an epidemiologic investigation so as to determine who may be at risk cases; • Relate to the at-risk population; 9 Assist in the • – Make comparisons; • epidemiologic Develop hypotheses; • investigations. Test hypotheses; • Make inferences; • Conduct studies; • Interpret and evaluate. •
5 – Establish a diagnosis. clinically and epidemiologically; always send specimens for culture. Symptom (individuals) Possible Diagnosis Pulmonary Tularemia, plague, staph enterotoxin B (SEB) Neuromuscular Botulism, Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) Bleeding/purpura VHF, ricin, plague (late) Flu-like symptoms Varies Immediate Symptoms (large numbers) Possible Diagnosis Pulmonary SEB, mustard, Lewisite, phosgene, cyanide Neurologic Nerve gases, cyanide Delayed Symptoms (large numbers) Possible Diagnosis Pulmonary Biologic agents, mustard, phosgene Neurologic Botulism, VEE, other encephalitis 6 – Render prompt treatment A irway, B reathing, C irculation. 7 – Provide good infection control. • Gown, gloves, mask and hand washing, and eyewear if necessary, are sufficient. • Recommended isolation precautions for biologic agents include: Standard Precautions – for all individuals/patients Contact Precautions – Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Droplet Precautions – Pheumonic Plague and Tularemia Airborne Precautions - Smallpox 8 – Alert the proper authorities. CALL Your local law enforcement agency; call either 911 or your local phone number for law enforcement. CALL SECOND: Your area FBI office Western WA: 206-622-0460 Eastern WA: 509-747-5196 After hours statewide in WA: 206-622-0460 CALL THIRD: Your local emergency management agency, or if unavailable, the WA state EM Duty Officer at: 1-800-258-5990 9 – Assist in the epidemiologic investigations. Steps in an epidemiologic investigation so as to determine who may be at risk • cases; • Relate to the at-risk population; • Make comparisons; • Develop hypotheses; • Test hypotheses; • Make inferences; • Conduct studies; • Interpret and evaluate.
2012_lc_ems_protocols.docx