Ashworth et al., Change in use of prescription budget (overspent/underspent) of primary care PCO prescribing budgets were, on average, overspent by 4.5 per Before and after incentive (no control group) 2004 organization (PCO) cent in the first year and marginally under spent by 0.6 per cent UK 2004 in the second year. Many PCOs had successfully turned a first year prescribing overspend into a second year under spend. PCOs that successfully reversed their overspend (49 out of 84; 58 per cent) Cattaneo et al., Change in breast feeding rates (intermediate outcome) Significant increase in breast feeding rates Before and after study 2001 (no control) Italy 1998-1999 Fairbrother et al., Childhood immunization coverage rates (process) Bonus group improved significantly in documented up-to-date 1999 immunization status, with an overall change of 25.3% (P _ 0.01), New York Before and after study with control group 12 months July 1995-July 1996
Ashworth et al., 2004 UK 2004 Before and after incentive (no control group) Change in use of prescription budget (overspent/underspent) of primary care organization (PCO) PCO prescribing budgets were, on average, overspent by 4.5 per cent in the first year and marginally under spent by 0.6 per cent in the second year. Many PCOs had successfully turned a first year prescribing overspend into a second year under spend. PCOs that successfully reversed their overspend (49 out of 84; 58 per cent) Cattaneo et al., 2001 Italy 1998-1999 Before and after study (no control) Change in breast feeding rates (intermediate outcome) Significant increase in breast feeding rates Fairbrother et al., 1999 New York 12 months Before and after study with control group July 1995-July 1996 Childhood immunization coverage rates (process) Bonus group improved significantly in documented up-to-date immunization status, with an overall change of 25.3% (P _ 0.01),
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