stages occur during the cool weather of spring and/or dark brown streaks appear and fall, few signs Helminthosporium Italian on the leaf blade. Heavy infections of the disease are siccans) ryegrass can result in severe thinning evident during (Vargas, 2005). warm summer months (Vargas, 2005) Perennial Drechslera spp. Foliage (Clarke and Eagling, 1994). ryegrass Perennial Helminthosporium ryegrass, Tall Foliage (Clarke and Eagling, 1994). spp. fescue Initially yellow spots develop on the leaves. Later orange-brown Long, cool, wet pustules 0.5 to 1 mm long occur on winters or times both leaf surfaces. The black spore Perennial when grass is (teliospore) stage can be found as Crown rust Puccinia coronata ryegrass, Tall growing most early as September, and through fescue slowly (Vargas, the summer and autumn. Infected 2005). leaves die prematurely and severely rusted plants become stunted (Clarke, 1999b). Damage is done prior to Fusarium, Pythium Cool, moist emergence resulting in failure of Damping off and Phytophora conditions. seeds to emerge. If emergence occurs, seedlings collapse. Dark purple sclerotia (resting body) Perennial develop in place of a healthy seed ryegrass, and protrude from the glume. There Ergot Claviceps spp. Italian appearance is preceded by ay ryegrass, Tall honey dew stage which appears 2-3 fescue weeks after flowering (Clarke, 1999a). Perennial Unknown, though Ring of darker coloured, fast ryegrass, a change in Marasmius oread, growing grass stimulated by the Fairy ring Italian nitrogen source or Basidiomycetess fungi breaking down organic ryegrass and levels may material in mat or thatch. Tall fescue stimulate growth.
Helminthosporium siccans) Italian ryegrass stages occur during the cool weather of spring and fall, few signs of the disease are evident during warm summer months (Vargas, 2005) and/or dark brown streaks appear on the leaf blade. Heavy infections can result in severe thinning (Vargas, 2005). Drechslera spp. Perennial ryegrass Foliage (Clarke and Eagling, 1994). Helminthosporium spp. Perennial ryegrass, Tall fescue Foliage (Clarke and Eagling, 1994). Crown rust Puccinia coronata Perennial ryegrass, Tall fescue Long, cool, wet winters or times when grass is growing most slowly (Vargas, 2005). Initially yellow spots develop on the leaves. Later orange-brown pustules 0.5 to 1 mm long occur on both leaf surfaces. The black spore (teliospore) stage can be found as early as September, and through the summer and autumn. Infected leaves die prematurely and severely rusted plants become stunted (Clarke, 1999b). Damping off Fusarium, Pythium and Phytophora Cool, moist conditions. Damage is done prior to emergence resulting in failure of seeds to emerge. If emergence occurs, seedlings collapse. Ergot Claviceps spp. Perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, Tall fescue Dark purple sclerotia (resting body) develop in place of a healthy seed and protrude from the glume. There appearance is preceded by ay honey dew stage which appears 2-3 weeks after flowering (Clarke, 1999a). Fairy ring Marasmius oread, Basidiomycetess Perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass and Tall fescue Unknown, though a change in nitrogen source or levels may stimulate growth. Ring of darker coloured, fast growing grass stimulated by the fungi breaking down organic material in mat or thatch.
The%20Biology%20of%20Ryegrass%20and%20Tall%20fescue%202017.docx