depolarisation to occur. Stimulation is less likely to reach the threshold level needed for a new action potential. For each of the following, state the name of the substance described; They diffuse into the postsynaptic neurone where they generate an action potential Sodium ions A neurotransmitter found in a cholinergic synapse acetylcholine It is released by mitochondria to enable the neurotransmitter to be re-formed ATP Their influx into the presynaptic neurone causes synaptic vesicles to release their neurotransmitter Calcium ions Why is it necessary for acetylcholine to be hydrolysed by acetylcholinesterase To recycle the choline and ethanoic acid; to prevent acetylcholine from continuously generating a new action potential in the post synaptic neurone Drugs such as morphine and codeine bind to the specific receptors used by endorphins. Suggest the likely effect of drugs like morphine and codeine on the body They will reduce pain Explain how the effect you suggest might be brought about They act like endorphins by binding to the receptors and therefore preventing action potentials bring created in the neurones of the pain pathways Prozac affects serotonin within the synaptic clefts. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of emotional states. Suggest a way that the drug Prozac might affect serotonin within synaptic clefts Prozac might prevent the elimination of serotonin from the synaptic cleft Explain how the effect you suggest makes Prozac an effective antidepressant. By increasing the concentration of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, its activity is increased, reducing depression which is caused by reduced serotonin activity Valium enhances the binding of GABA to its receptors. GABA is a neurotransmitter that inhibits the formation of action potentials when it binds to postsynaptic neurones. Suggest the likely effect of Valium on the nerve pathways that cause muscle contraction
depolarisation to occur. Stimulation is less likely to reach the threshold level needed for a new action potential. For each of the following, state the name of the substance described; They diffuse into the postsynaptic neurone where they generate an action potential Sodium ions A neurotransmitter found in a cholinergic synapse acetylcholine It is released by mitochondria to enable the neurotransmitter to be re-formed ATP Their influx into the presynaptic neurone causes synaptic vesicles to release their neurotransmitter Calcium ions Why is it necessary for acetylcholine to be hydrolysed by acetylcholinesterase To recycle the choline and ethanoic acid; to prevent acetylcholine from continuously generating a new action potential in the post synaptic neurone Drugs such as morphine and codeine bind to the specific receptors used by endorphins. Suggest the likely effect of drugs like morphine and codeine on the body They will reduce pain Explain how the effect you suggest might be brought about They act like endorphins by binding to the receptors and therefore preventing action potentials bring created in the neurones of the pain pathways Prozac affects serotonin within the synaptic clefts. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of emotional states. Suggest a way that the drug Prozac might affect serotonin within synaptic clefts Prozac might prevent the elimination of serotonin from the synaptic cleft Explain how the effect you suggest makes Prozac an effective antidepressant. By increasing the concentration of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, its activity is increased, reducing depression which is caused by reduced serotonin activity Valium enhances the binding of GABA to its receptors. GABA is a neurotransmitter that inhibits the formation of action potentials when it binds to postsynaptic neurones. Suggest the likely effect of Valium on the nerve pathways that cause muscle contraction
summary_questions.docx