Table 4. Multi-level Model of Extent of Skills-Based Instruction in 2008 Variable Unstandardized Standardized Unstandardized Standardized Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient Level-1: Individual Teacher (N=136) Exposure to 0.114 0.116 1.591** 1.623** professional development (0.484) (0.489) in 2008 Direct exposure to colleagues’ 0.003* 0.143 _____ skills-based instruction (0.001) Prior skills-based instruction in 0.441** 0.216 0.457*** 0.225 2007 (0.135) (0.134) Perceived value of evidenced 1.384** 0.168 1.510** 0.183 based reform strategies in 2007 (0.521) (0.509) -0.859*** -0.235 -0.783** -0.214 Highest grade taught in 2008 (0.251) (0.243) Level-2: Subgroup (N=47) 0.279 0.197 0.447ǂ Subgroup mean of skills-based 0.632** instruction in 2007 (0.251) (0.249) Level-3: School (N=11) School mean of 0.738* 0.232 0.752* 0.236 instruction in 2007 (0.308) (0.292) Standard errors are included in the parenthesis. ǂ < .1 * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001
Table 4. Multi-level Model of Extent of Skills-Based Instruction in 2008 Variable Unstandardized Coefficient Standardized Coefficient Unstandardized Coefficient Standardized Coefficient Level-1: Individual Teacher (N=136) Exposure to professional development in 2008 1.591** (0.484) 0.114 1.623** (0.489) 0.116 Direct exposure to colleagues’ skills-based instruction _____ 0.003* (0.001) 0.143 Prior skills-based instruction in 2007 0.441** (0.135) 0.216 0.457*** (0.134) 0.225 Perceived value of evidenced based reform strategies in 2007 1.384** (0.521) 0.168 1.510** (0.509) 0.183 Highest grade taught in 2008 -0.859*** (0.251) -0.235 -0.783** (0.243) -0.214 Level-2: Subgroup (N=47) Subgroup mean of skills-based instruction in 2007 0.632** (0.251) 0.279 0.447ǂ (0.249) 0.197 Level-3: School (N=11) School mean of instruction in 2007 0.738* (0.308) 0.232 0.752* (0.292) 0.236 Standard errors are included in the parenthesis. ǂ < .1 * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001
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