or at 5 classes were identified: “In fact, a) /p, b, m/: LH < 0mm; b) /f, v/: 0mm < LH <3mm; c) /t, d, s, z, ts, dz/: 6mm < LH < 8mm; d) /N, L, S, tS, dZ/: 9mm < LH < 12mm; e) /k, g, n, r, l/: 12mm < LH < 17mm. These 5 groups of consonants should probably correspond to the 5 visemes of Italian, but a more robust statistical analysis will be executed in the future in order to justify this conclusion.” One or several LipWriting symbols are required for the Italian viseme /N, L, S, tS, dZ/. Because this research does not include the vowels, we refer to Wikipedia list of phonemes and simply reuse existing LipWriting sets. Similarly, the research does not , mention the following consonants from the Wikipedia list: j, . We add them. The ʒ, ʃ LipWrirting symbols for the following phonemes are undefined: Phoneme Examples English approximation giungla; magia; fingere; pagina jab gnocco; ogni roughly like canyon Cennini; cinque; ciao; farmacia Chip uovo; fuoco; qui; wine week-end gli; glielo; maglia roughly like million The viseme for /n/ presents a difficulty. It already has a LipWriting symbol but the research associates it with an opposite symbol. LipWriting Research SignWriting Symbol SignWriting Symbol Name Phoneme Phoneme Set Set Tongue Inside Mouth Relaxed d d n t (up) ŋ t Tongue Inside Mouth Relaxed k k r r (down) g ɡ n
or at “In fact, 5 classes were identified: a) /p, b, m/: LH < 0mm; b) /f, v/: 0mm < LH <3mm; c) /t, d, s, z, ts, dz/: 6mm < LH < 8mm; d) /N, L, S, tS, dZ/: 9mm < LH < 12mm; e) /k, g, n, r, l/: 12mm < LH < 17mm. These 5 groups of consonants should probably correspond to the 5 visemes of Italian, but a more robust statistical analysis will be executed in the future in order to justify this conclusion.” One or several LipWriting symbols are required for the Italian viseme /N, L, S, tS, dZ/. Because this research does not include the vowels, we refer to Wikipedia list of phonemes and simply reuse existing LipWriting sets. Similarly, the research does not mention the following consonants from the Wikipedia list: j, ʒ, ʃ , . We add them. The LipWrirting symbols for the following phonemes are undefined: Phoneme Examples English approximation giungla; magia; fingere; pagina jab gnocco; ogni roughly like canyon Cennini; cinque; ciao; farmacia Chip uovo; fuoco; qui; week-end wine gli; glielo; maglia roughly like million The viseme for /n/ presents a difficulty. It already has a LipWriting symbol but the research associates it with an opposite symbol. SignWriting Symbol SignWriting Symbol Name LipWriting Phoneme Set Research Phoneme Set Tongue Inside Mouth Relaxed (up) d n ŋ t d t Tongue Inside Mouth Relaxed (down) k r ɡ k r g n
sws0020_SignAnimating-4-SpeechAnimating1409141909.docx