Lovejoy 2002 To assess the effect Non-smoking All food provided by researchers; Total-C: Beckman Controlled by Total-C, LDL-C of diets enriched in adults with LDL alcohol prohibited; specially Synchron CX7 design Diet 1: 3.8, 2.2 SFA, TFA and MUFA and TG between formulated blends developed to Diet 2: 3.9, 2.2 on measures of centile achieve isolated exchange for LDL-C: Friedewald Energy adjusted to insulin sensitivity oleic acid for SFA used in baking maintain stable body P: NS BMI: 23.5 etc (SI reflects the weight if weight effect of an varied more than A priori power analysis: Test diet composition determined incremental change 2 kg/wk 22 subjects would by chemical analysis in plasma insulin to provide >85% power to increase fractional Adverse/other effects: detect a difference in SI glucose clearance HDL, TG, glucose, of 0.45 units between independent of insulin sensitivity diets, which would be glycaemia.) clinically meaningful in subjects with average insulin sensitivity. Berglund 2007 To assess the effect Healthy individuals with All food provided by researchers Total-C: enzymatic Controlled by Total-C, LDL-C of the Step 1 diet, a one or more of the except Saturday evening meal assay (not further design Diet 1: 5.2, 3.3 MUFA-containing diet following: low (although a Step 1-type meal was described) Diet 2: 4.9, 3.1 and an average HDL-cholesterol, high advised). Fibre 7.5 g higher on Diet 3: 4.9, 3.1 American diet on triacylglycerol, or high LDL-C: Friedewald CHO diet overall risk factor insulin concentrations Test diet composition determined P<0.01 for Diets 2 profile by chemical analysis 3 blood samples Weight assessed and 3 vs Diet 1 on BMI: 27.6 averaged 2/week pairwise tests No sample size Adverse/other effects: Statistical analysis calculations given HDL, TG, lipoproteins adjusted for seasonal uric acid, glucose, variation insulin
Lovejoy 2002 To assess the effect of diets enriched in SFA, TFA and MUFA on measures of insulin sensitivity Non-smoking adults with LDL and TG between centile BMI: 23.5 A priori power analysis: 22 subjects would provide >85% power to detect a difference in SI of 0.45 units between diets, which would be clinically meaningful in subjects with average insulin sensitivity. All food provided by researchers; alcohol prohibited; specially formulated blends developed to achieve isolated exchange for oleic acid for SFA used in baking etc Test diet composition determined by chemical analysis Total-C: Beckman Synchron CX7 LDL-C: Friedewald (SI reflects the effect of an incremental change in plasma insulin to increase fractional glucose clearance independent of glycaemia.) Controlled by design Energy adjusted to maintain stable body weight if weight varied more than 2 kg/wk Adverse/other effects: HDL, TG, glucose, insulin sensitivity Total-C, LDL-C Diet 1: 3.8, 2.2 Diet 2: 3.9, 2.2 P: NS Berglund 2007 To assess the effect of the Step 1 diet, a MUFA-containing diet and an average American diet on overall risk factor profile Healthy individuals with one or more of the following: low HDL-cholesterol, high triacylglycerol, or high insulin concentrations BMI: 27.6 No sample size calculations given All food provided by researchers except Saturday evening meal (although a Step 1-type meal was advised). Test diet composition determined by chemical analysis Total-C: enzymatic assay (not further described) LDL-C: Friedewald 3 blood samples averaged Controlled by design Fibre 7.5 g higher on CHO diet Weight assessed 2/week Adverse/other effects: HDL, TG, lipoproteins uric acid, glucose, insulin Total-C, LDL-C Diet 1: 5.2, 3.3 Diet 2: 4.9, 3.1 Diet 3: 4.9, 3.1 P<0.01 for Diets 2 and 3 vs Diet 1 on pairwise tests Statistical analysis adjusted for seasonal variation
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