1. Tiqqune sopherim = emendations of the scribes The Masorah and Talmud sometimes refer to such changes. According to tradition there are eighteen places where the scribe changed the Hebrew text because of something in the original text that the scribe believed was disrespectful to G-d. 1 Sam 3:13 for themselves מקללים להם בניו … that his sons were blaspheming God מקללים אלהים בניו 2. Itture sopherim = omissions of the scribes According to the Talmud there are seventeen examples. Five have to do with omission of Seven examples we read a word even though there are no ו. consonants in the text. Five examples we do not read a word even though there are consonants in the text those words are written without vowels. – 3. Explanatory glosses An explanatory is like a parenthetical note or comment. These can be subjective. Some text critics might say a gloss was added by a scribe. Some might say a gloss was added by the original writer in order to communicate something to future readers. Gen 7:6 water and the flood was upon the earth היה מים על הארץ 4. Euphemisms There are at least sixteen examples of changes to avoid a word or expression that is offensive or too explicit. These are indicated by Ketib-Qere in the margin. 2 Sam 12:14 enemies of Yahweh נאצת את איבי יהוה Yahweh נאצת את יהוה … word of Yahweh נאצת את דבר יהוה …
1. Tiqqune sopherim = emendations of the scribes The Masorah and Talmud sometimes refer to such changes. According to tradition there are eighteen places where the scribe changed the Hebrew text because of something in the original text that the scribe believed was disrespectful to G-d. 1 Sam 3:13 מקללים להם בניו … for themselves מקללים אלהים בניו that his sons were blaspheming God 2. Itture sopherim = omissions of the scribes According to the Talmud there are seventeen examples. Five have to do with omission of ו. Seven examples we read a word even though there are no consonants in the text. Five examples we do not read a word even though there are consonants in the text – those words are written without vowels. 3. Explanatory glosses An explanatory is like a parenthetical note or comment. These can be subjective. Some text critics might say a gloss was added by a scribe. Some might say a gloss was added by the original writer in order to communicate something to future readers. Gen 7:6 היה מים על הארץ and the flood was water upon the earth 4. Euphemisms There are at least sixteen examples of changes to avoid a word or expression that is offensive or too explicit. These are indicated by Ketib-Qere in the margin. 2 Sam 12:14 נאצת את איבי יהוה enemies of Yahweh נאצת את יהוה … Yahweh נאצת את דבר יהוה … word of Yahweh
textual-criticism-complete-20171226.docx