Interphase G1 vigorous growth o – S growth and DNA synthesis o – G2 more growth and preparation for cell division o – G0 cells that permanently cease dividing; normal metabolic activity o – Mitotic Phase (Cell Division) Mitosis nuclear division o – Cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm o – Control of Cell Division · Surface to volume ratio of cells · Chemical signals such as growth factors and hormones · Contact inhibition · Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) complexes Developmental Aspects of Cells All cells of the body contain the same DNA but develop into all the specialized cells of the body Cell specialization (also called cell differentiation) is determined by the kind of proteins that are made in that cell due to different genes being turned off or on. in various parts of the embryo are exposed to different chemical signals that channel them into specific differentiation pathways Cell aging Wear and tear theory attributes aging to chemical insults and formation of free o radicals that have cumulative effects throughout life Genetic theory attributes aging to cessation of mitosis that is programmed into our o genes 322 Cell Physiology Histology: Histology Z Liu Histology: The science concerned with the minute structure and organization of cells and tissues in relation to their function
Interphase o G1 – vigorous growth o S – growth and DNA synthesis o G2 – more growth and preparation for cell division o G0 – cells that permanently cease dividing; normal metabolic activity Mitotic Phase (Cell Division) o Mitosis – nuclear division o Cytokinesis – division of the cytoplasm Control of Cell Division · Surface to volume ratio of cells · Chemical signals such as growth factors and hormones · Contact inhibition · Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) complexes Developmental Aspects of Cells All cells of the body contain the same DNA but develop into all the specialized cells of the body Cell specialization (also called cell differentiation) is determined by the kind of proteins that are made in that cell due to different genes being turned off or on. in various parts of the embryo are exposed to different chemical signals that channel them into specific differentiation pathways Cell aging o Wear and tear theory attributes aging to chemical insults and formation of free radicals that have cumulative effects throughout life o Genetic theory attributes aging to cessation of mitosis that is programmed into our genes 322 Cell Physiology Histology: Histology Z Liu Histology: The science concerned with the minute structure and organization of cells and tissues in relation to their function
2014_final_exam_review.docx