4.2 Summary of source characteristics Source type Surface area Volume of fluid released Duration of Chemical Chemical release composition concentration Point sources Flat-bed trucks loaded ~ 10 m2 833-1420 L HDPE totes Instantaneous Various; Liquid Uncertain; NICNAS with containers additives; see Table A1 2017a (hydraulic fracturing) (Appendix A) Flat-bed trucks loaded ~ 1 m2 3.8 L jugs Instantaneous Various; see Table A1 Uncertain; NICNAS with containers (Appendix A) 2017a (hydraulic fracturing) Flat-bed trucks loaded ~ 1 m2 19 L sealed buckets Instantaneous Various See NICNAS 2017c with containers (hydraulic fracturing) Tanker truck (hydraulic ~ 10 m2 Contents of the tanker (e.g. 15 Instantaneous e.g. Hydrochloric acid Uncertain; NICNAS fracturing) 000 L) 2017a Line sources Leaking pipes of Few 100s of m2 Several m3 Instantaneous and Various; see 4.3 Uncertain; refer to produced water long-term (if not typical concentrations transported to water immediately in produced water as a treatment facility detected) guide, Table 4.3 Leaking hoses from Few 10s of m2 Several m3 Instantaneous Various; see A1 Uncertain; NICNAS blender truck to well (Appendix A) 2017a (fracturing) Area sources Storage ponds for Various sizes Normal operations with compacted Long-term (years) Depending on Uncertain; refer to flowback and produced (e.g. 1600 m2 clay or geomembrane liner (DITR groundwater typical concentrations Short-term water and larger) 2007): expected leakage rate of 10-9 geochemistry and in produced water as a (flooding) m/s for compacted clay and degree of interaction guide,
4.2 Summary of source characteristics Source type Surface area Volume of fluid released Duration of release Chemical composition Chemical concentration Point sources Flat-bed trucks loaded with containers (hydraulic fracturing) ~ 10 m2 833-1420 L HDPE totes Instantaneous Various; Liquid additives; see Table A1 (Appendix A) Uncertain; NICNAS 2017a Flat-bed trucks loaded with containers (hydraulic fracturing) ~ 1 m2 3.8 L jugs Instantaneous Various; see Table A1 (Appendix A) Uncertain; NICNAS 2017a Flat-bed trucks loaded with containers (hydraulic fracturing) ~ 1 m2 19 L sealed buckets Instantaneous Various See NICNAS 2017c Tanker truck (hydraulic fracturing) ~ 10 m2 Contents of the tanker (e.g. 15 000 L) Instantaneous e.g. Hydrochloric acid Uncertain; NICNAS 2017a Line sources Leaking pipes of produced water transported to water treatment facility Few 100s of m2 Several m3 Instantaneous and long-term (if not immediately detected) Various; see 4.3 Uncertain; refer to typical concentrations in produced water as a guide, Table 4.3 Leaking hoses from blender truck to well (fracturing) Few 10s of m2 Several m3 Instantaneous Various; see A1 (Appendix A) Uncertain; NICNAS 2017a Area sources Storage ponds for flowback and produced water Various sizes (e.g. 1600 m2 and larger) Normal operations with compacted clay or geomembrane liner (DITR 2007): expected leakage rate of 10-9 m/s for compacted clay and Long-term (years) Short-term (flooding) Depending on groundwater geochemistry and degree of interaction Uncertain; refer to typical concentrations in produced water as a guide,
technical-report-number-06-lit-rev-identification-potential-pathways.docx