Motor Division-efferent o Somatic-aka Voluntary Nervous System-motor neuron impulses from CNS to  skeletal muscle Visceral-aka Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)-visceral motor neuron impulses that  regulate smooth, cardiac muscle, and glandular tissue Sympathetic-Fight or flight   Parasympathetic-Rest and digest Cellular Components Neuroglia-Non-neural cells of the CNS and PNS that control the chemical  environment of the CNS and PNS and insulate, protect, and promote the growth of neurons CNS o Astrocytes- starshaped; most abundant cell type in the CNS; function to control  chemical environment ; part of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) Ependymal-line central cavities of the brain and spinal cord-epithelial cells  Oligodendrocytes-myelinate long axons  Microglia-protective role-macrophages of the NS  PNS cells o Schwann cells-myelinate axons-also function in peripheral nerve regeneration  Satellite cells-surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia-control chemical environment  Neurons-highly specialized cells of the PNS and CNS that conduct info in the form  of electrical impulses (depolarization of the PM) Types o Function  Sensory-conducts impulses from receptors in peripheral body parts into the brain or  spinal cord Interneuron-transmits impulses between neurons within the brain and spinal cord  Motor-conducts nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord out to effectors  Structure-multipolar, bipolar, unipolar  Characteristics o Long-lived; amitotic (non-dividing), highly differentiated; high metabolic  continuous and abundant supply of glucose Structure o Cell body (soma) and plasma membrane  Neuronal processes-cytoplasmic extensions of neurons (covered by PM)   Dendrites-Afferent-tapered, branching processes that serve as the main receptive, or input regions of a neuron; transmit signals toward the cell body; usually many per neuron Axon-Efferent-output process of a neuron; carries signals away from the cell  usually 1 per neuron; aka fiber” body; “nerve Axon hillock-transition region o Axon collaterals-branches along the axon o Terminal branches-branches at the end of the axon o Boutons-axon terminals-make synapses o
o Motor Division-efferent  Somatic-aka Voluntary Nervous System-motor neuron impulses from CNS to skeletal muscle  Visceral-aka Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)-visceral motor neuron impulses that regulate smooth, cardiac muscle, and glandular tissue  Sympathetic-Fight or flight  Parasympathetic-Rest and digest Cellular Components  Neuroglia-Non-neural cells of the CNS and PNS that control the chemical environment of the CNS and PNS and insulate, protect, and promote the growth of neurons o CNS  Astrocytes- starshaped; most abundant cell type in the CNS; function to control chemical environment ; part of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)  Ependymal-line central cavities of the brain and spinal cord-epithelial cells  Oligodendrocytes-myelinate long axons  Microglia-protective role-macrophages of the NS o PNS cells  Schwann cells-myelinate axons-also function in peripheral nerve regeneration  Satellite cells-surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia-control chemical environment  Neurons-highly specialized cells of the PNS and CNS that conduct info in the form of electrical impulses (depolarization of the PM) o Types  Function  Sensory-conducts impulses from receptors in peripheral body parts into the brain or spinal cord  Interneuron-transmits impulses between neurons within the brain and spinal cord  Motor-conducts nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord out to effectors  Structure-multipolar, bipolar, unipolar o Characteristics  Long-lived; amitotic (non-dividing), highly differentiated; high metabolic continuous and abundant supply of glucose o Structure  Cell body (soma) and plasma membrane  Neuronal processes-cytoplasmic extensions of neurons (covered by PM)  Dendrites-Afferent-tapered, branching processes that serve as the main receptive, or input regions of a neuron; transmit signals toward the cell body; usually many per neuron  Axon-Efferent-output process of a neuron; carries signals away from the cell body; usually 1 per neuron; aka “nerve fiber” o Axon hillock-transition region o Axon collaterals-branches along the axon o Terminal branches-branches at the end of the axon o Boutons-axon terminals-make synapses
2014_final_exam_review.docx