Introduction Exploration of factors that affect orientations to entrepreneurial action is highly recommended in entrepreneurship literature. Many research focused on individual characteristics that led to entrepreneurial orientation (Brockhaus, 1982; Boyd & Vozikis, 1994; Scherer et al., 1991), but in recent studies, researchers have claimed that entrepreneurship is omnipresent in humans, but its manifestation depends on the environment (Begley & Tan, 2001). Within the empirical study of intrinsic motivation, some researchers found that some intentional behaviors were initiated and regulated autonomously whereas other actions were coercively forced by environmental and intrapsychic forces (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1987). In addition, Globalization has led to an increased attention to cultural diversity and specificity for personal, social and organizational practices (Amba-Rao et al., 2000; Hofstede, 1983; Sinha & Sinha, 1990), so that the importance of environmental factors has improved The purpose of this study is developing an integrated model based on identifying intrinsic and extrinsic factors for international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO). For achieving this goal, we researched on either psychological approaches or entrepreneurship literature on motivational factors of individual’s behaviors and finally we presented a conceptual framework for integrating these endeavors. Proposed model: The figure 1 shows our proposed model that was investigated in this research: Figure 1 : proposed model Methodology Our study was a survey research. Also, this research can be categorized with descriptive and correlational studies. Sample: This study concentrates on entrepreneurial orientation in Iranian automotive industry. We distributed the questionnaires between 210 managers and experts in automotive industry and 118 completed questionnaires (response rate= 56%) were returned. Measurement: Standard questionnaires and expert interview were used for data gathering and obtaining valid information. Analysis of data: This study used the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method to test its hypotheses. Based on the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) algorithm, this technique analyzes empirical data with insufficient supporting theories and little available information (Real et al., 2006). Results This work examined the relationship between various dimensions of Basic Psychological Needs (i.e. need for autonomy, need for competence and need for relatedness) and International Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO). Empirical results showed that need for autonomy positively relates to IEO, meaning that good satisfaction of need for autonomy form a key element in entrepreneurial orientation, even in global scale. Also, need for competence
Introduction Exploration of factors that affect orientations to entrepreneurial action is highly recommended in entrepreneurship literature. Many research focused on individual characteristics that led to entrepreneurial orientation (Brockhaus, 1982; Boyd & Vozikis, 1994; Scherer et al., 1991), but in recent studies, researchers have claimed that entrepreneurship is omnipresent in humans, but its manifestation depends on the environment (Begley & Tan, 2001). Within the empirical study of intrinsic motivation, some researchers found that some intentional behaviors were initiated and regulated autonomously whereas other actions were coercively forced by environmental and intrapsychic forces (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1987). In addition, Globalization has led to an increased attention to cultural diversity and specificity for personal, social and organizational practices (Amba-Rao et al., 2000; Hofstede, 1983; Sinha & Sinha, 1990), so that the importance of environmental factors has improved The purpose of this study is developing an integrated model based on identifying intrinsic and extrinsic factors for international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO). For achieving this goal, we researched on either psychological approaches or entrepreneurship literature on motivational factors of individual’s behaviors and finally we presented a conceptual framework for integrating these endeavors. Proposed model: The figure 1 shows our proposed model that was investigated in this research: Figure 1 : proposed model Methodology Our study was a survey research. Also, this research can be categorized with descriptive and correlational studies. Sample: This study concentrates on entrepreneurial orientation in Iranian automotive industry. We distributed the questionnaires between 210 managers and experts in automotive industry and 118 completed questionnaires (response rate= 56%) were returned. Measurement: Standard questionnaires and expert interview were used for data gathering and obtaining valid information. Analysis of data: This study used the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method to test its hypotheses. Based on the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) algorithm, this technique analyzes empirical data with insufficient supporting theories and little available information (Real et al., 2006). Results This work examined the relationship between various dimensions of Basic Psychological Needs (i.e. need for autonomy, need for competence and need for relatedness) and International Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO). Empirical results showed that need for autonomy positively relates to IEO, meaning that good satisfaction of need for autonomy form a key element in entrepreneurial orientation, even in global scale. Also, need for competence
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