mulching and used as a fertilizer supplements (Zulkifli and Wan Hasamudin, 2004; Vijaya 2010) et al., The fruitlets from the stripper are sent to a digester where they are digested into a homogenous oily mash by means of a mechanical stirring process. The digested mash is the pressed fruitlets using a screw press to remove most of the crude palm oil (CPO). At this stage, CPO comprises of a mixture of oil, water and fruit solids which is screened on a vibrating screen to remove as much solids as possible. The CPO is then clarified in a continuous settling tank operation. The decanted CPO passes through a centrifugal purifier and desander to remove any remaining solids, and is transferred to the vacuum dryer to remove moisture. Finally, CPO is pumped into storage tanks before it is sent off for export or refining at the refineries (Vijaya 2010) to get a wide range of palm et al., products of specified quality. Palm oil may be further fractionated, using simple crystallization and separation method to obtain solid (stearin) and liquid (olein) fractions of various melting characteristics to make them suitable for a variety of food and products (MPOC, 2010). Like other vegetable oils, palm oil can be used to produce biodiesel which exhibits similar properties as petroleum-derived diesel. Palm oil offers sustainable alternatives to renewable energy that is environmentally friendly. Palm biodiesel can be produced via transesterification process between crude palm oil and alcohol with the presence of an acidic or alkaline catalyst (Yee 2009). MPOB has successfully developed biofuel et al., for motor vehicle from palm oil, with formulation of blended crude palm oil with medium fuel oil as boiler fuel in power plants, and a blend of palm olein with diesel. To encourage the use of palm diesel in the country, Malaysia is embarking on a project to produce mass palm biodiesel as a substitute to the high conventional diesel prices (Khoo and Chandramohan, 2002). The emerging biodiesel industry is expected to contribute to the economy and development of the country.
mulching and used as a fertilizer supplements (Zulkifli and Wan Hasamudin, 2004; Vijaya et al., 2010) The fruitlets from the stripper are sent to a digester where they are digested into a homogenous oily mash by means of a mechanical stirring process. The digested mash is the pressed fruitlets using a screw press to remove most of the crude palm oil (CPO). At this stage, CPO comprises of a mixture of oil, water and fruit solids which is screened on a vibrating screen to remove as much solids as possible. The CPO is then clarified in a continuous settling tank operation. The decanted CPO passes through a centrifugal purifier and desander to remove any remaining solids, and is transferred to the vacuum dryer to remove moisture. Finally, CPO is pumped into storage tanks before it is sent off for export or refining at the refineries (Vijaya et al., 2010) to get a wide range of palm products of specified quality. Palm oil may be further fractionated, using simple crystallization and separation method to obtain solid (stearin) and liquid (olein) fractions of various melting characteristics to make them suitable for a variety of food and products (MPOC, 2010). Like other vegetable oils, palm oil can be used to produce biodiesel which exhibits similar properties as petroleum-derived diesel. Palm oil offers sustainable alternatives to renewable energy that is environmentally friendly. Palm biodiesel can be produced via transesterification process between crude palm oil and alcohol with the presence of an acidic or alkaline catalyst (Yee et al., 2009). MPOB has successfully developed biofuel for motor vehicle from palm oil, with formulation of blended crude palm oil with medium fuel oil as boiler fuel in power plants, and a blend of palm olein with diesel. To encourage the use of palm diesel in the country, Malaysia is embarking on a project to produce mass palm biodiesel as a substitute to the high conventional diesel prices (Khoo and Chandramohan, 2002). The emerging biodiesel industry is expected to contribute to the economy and development of the country.
Thesis_Norliyana_ZZ.docx