a co-ordinated Reviews - self-esteem review favoured the - peer pressure delivery of a single Social skills programs were more approach OR resistance intervention to prevent widely used (25 randomised trials) is (4) the initial use of all the and effectively increased drug Substance peers/adults harmful substances. Whilst knowledge, decision-making skills, misuse nationally substance use : the review is primarily self-esteem, resistance to peer prevention (5) intention focused in illicit drugs, the pressure, and drug use including of on an ad-hoc to use scope of the search included marijuana (RR 0.8) and hard drugs basis Children and substances substance use generally, (heroin) (RR 0.5). young adults (6) use of including alcohol and substances: tobacco. Effects of the interventions on (7) changes in assertiveness, attitudes towards behaviours substances, and intention to use including: were not clearly different in any of - arrests the trials. - school performance This D. The Foxcroft D, Primary This review identified 53 trials were included, most of outcomes studies that showed no which were cluster-randomised. The evidence Tsertsvadze A, intervention is direct effects of preventive reporting quality of trials was poor, is 2011 implemented or interventions, as well as only 3.8% of them reporting Universal objective studies that demonstrated adequate method of randomisation locally in and it is measures of statistically and program allocation concealment. school based some areas not alcohol significant effects. Incomplete data was adequately prevention possible to but does not consumption or There was no easily addressed in 23% of the programmes draw a problem discernible pattern in trials. Due to extensive have a for alcohol conclusion drinking e.g. characteristics that would heterogeneity across interventions, consistent misuse in but there Alcohol use, distinguish trials with populations, and outcomes, the quantity and positive results from those results were summarized only is some
Reviews Substance misuse prevention Children and young adults - self-esteem - peer pressure resistance (4) peers/adults substance use : (5) intention to use substances (6) use of substances: (7) changes in behaviours including: - arrests - school performance review favoured the delivery of a single intervention to prevent the initial use of all the harmful substances. Whilst the review is primarily focused in illicit drugs, the scope of the search included substance use generally, including alcohol and tobacco. Social skills programs were more widely used (25 randomised trials) and effectively increased drug knowledge, decision-making skills, self-esteem, resistance to peer pressure, and drug use including of marijuana (RR 0.8) and hard drugs (heroin) (RR 0.5). Effects of the interventions on assertiveness, attitudes towards substances, and intention to use were not clearly different in any of the trials. a co-ordinated approach OR is nationally on an ad-hoc basis Foxcroft D, Tsertsvadze A, 2011 Universal school based prevention programmes for alcohol misuse in Primary outcomes direct or objective measures of alcohol consumption or problem drinking e.g. Alcohol use, quantity and This review identified studies that showed no effects of preventive interventions, as well as studies that demonstrated statistically significant effects. There was no easily discernible pattern in characteristics that would distinguish trials with positive results from those 53 trials were included, most of which were cluster-randomised. The reporting quality of trials was poor, only 3.8% of them reporting adequate method of randomisation and program allocation concealment. Incomplete data was adequately addressed in 23% of the trials. Due to extensive heterogeneity across interventions, populations, and outcomes, the results were summarized only This intervention is implemented locally in some areas but does not have a consistent D. The evidence is and it is not possible to draw a conclusion but there is some
Substance%20misuse%20alcohol%20Evidence%20Review%20Final.docx