Context: Progressive era 1900-1919. Guinn v United States (1915) - ? Ruling The grandfather clauses in the Maryland and Oklahoma constitutions were repugnant to the Fifteenth Amendment and therefore null and void. The constitutions had said that if one could prove that their Grandfather had voted, the person in question did not have to do a literacy test. P.63 covers the context of Guinn vs. U.S. Justices Era of the White Court started in 1910 (progressive wing of the court) Context: Interwar period 1919-1945 p.99 for the context and p.115 for the racial views of the justices on the Court in this era, Nixon v Herndon (1927) – 9-0 Ruling Struck down a 1923 Texas law forbidding blacks from voting in the Texas Democratic Party primary. Justices Taft Court (1932) – 7-2 Ruling It reversed the convictions of nine young black men for allegedly raping two white women on a freight train near Scottsboro, Alabama. The majority of the Court reasoned that the right to retain and be represented by a lawyer was fundamental to a fair trial and that at least in some circumstances, the trial judge must inform a defendant of this right. P.123 in Klarman. Justices Gaines vs. Canada (1935) Ruling Missouri could not satisfy its obligation to provide equal protection by sending an African American resident to an out-of-state law school and that Lionel Gaines must thus be admitted to the all-white University of Missouri School of Law. This case was the beginning of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund’s effort to chip away at the doctrine. Justices Context – impact of WWII on American society p.173 for WWII then p.186 has information on the impact of the Cold War p.193 for justices on the court in this era Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) – 6-0 Ruling Courts could not enforce racial covenants on real estate. Justices Sweatt v. Painter (1950) – 9-0 Ruling the Court struck down segregation of African American students in law and graduate schools. (Separate but equal grounds) Justices Vinson court - ideological battle between the judicial restraint of Justice Felix Frankfurter and the civil rights activism of Justices William o. Douglas and Hugo Black. Context: Civil Rights Movement Brown vs. Board of Education (1954) – 9-0
Context: Progressive era 1900-1919. Guinn v United States (1915) - ? Ruling The grandfather clauses in the Maryland and Oklahoma constitutions were repugnant to the Fifteenth Amendment and therefore null and void. The constitutions had said that if one could prove that their Grandfather had voted, the person in question did not have to do a literacy test. P.63 covers the context of Guinn vs. U.S. Justices Era of the White Court started in 1910 (progressive wing of the court) Context: Interwar period 1919-1945 p.99 for the context and p.115 for the racial views of the justices on the Court in this era, Nixon v Herndon (1927) – 9-0 Ruling Struck down a 1923 Texas law forbidding blacks from voting in the Texas Democratic Party primary. Justices Taft Court (1932) – 7-2 Ruling It reversed the convictions of nine young black men for allegedly raping two white women on a freight train near Scottsboro, Alabama. The majority of the Court reasoned that the right to retain and be represented by a lawyer was fundamental to a fair trial and that at least in some circumstances, the trial judge must inform a defendant of this right. P.123 in Klarman. Justices Gaines vs. Canada (1935) Ruling Missouri could not satisfy its obligation to provide equal protection by sending an African American resident to an out-of-state law school and that Lionel Gaines must thus be admitted to the all-white University of Missouri School of Law. This case was the beginning of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund’s effort to chip away at the doctrine. Justices Context – impact of WWII on American society p.173 for WWII then p.186 has information on the impact of the Cold War p.193 for justices on the court in this era Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) – 6-0 Ruling Courts could not enforce racial covenants on real estate. Justices Sweatt v. Painter (1950) – 9-0 Ruling the Court struck down segregation of African American students in law and graduate schools. (Separate but equal grounds) Justices Vinson court - ideological battle between the judicial restraint of Justice Felix Frankfurter and the civil rights activism of Justices William o. Douglas and Hugo Black. Context: Civil Rights Movement Brown vs. Board of Education (1954) – 9-0
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