disability, difficulty finding a job, or being laid off), and 21 (11.1%) were unemployed by choice (e.g., student). Twenty six mothers had a high school degree or less (13.7%), 70 (36.8%) had some college, 64 (33.7%) had Bachelor’s degree, and 30 (15.8%) had a Master’s or Doctoral degree. Sample demographics in each study were comparable with one exception: Mothers in the first study were more likely to report being unemployed at the time of the baseline interview in comparison to mothers in the second study, (3, = 190) = 11.55, = 0.009. X2 N p Measures The Dominance-Isolation Subscale of the Coercive control during marriage. Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory Short Form (PMWI; Tolman, 1992), a – widely used measure of coercive control, was used to measure the degree of coercive control in the last year before separation. Mothers rated how often they experienced each of seven acts by their partner on a scale from of 1 = to 5 = (see Table 1). Responses were summed never always to calculate the frequency with which control tactics were used for a maximum possible score of 35. Dichotomous versions of the items were created by changing responses so that 0 = and never 1 = through Then, a count of control tactics was calculated by summing the sometimes always. total number of tactics endorsed for a maximum possible score of 7. Mothers’ degree of fear in the last year before separation was Fear during marriage. assessed with the Women’s Experiences of Battering (WEB) Scale (Smith, Earp, & DeVillis, 1995). Mothers indicated how much they agreed with each of 10 items that describe how their partner made them feel (e.g., made me feel unsafe even in my own home,” could scare “He “He me without laying a hand on me”) on a scale of 1 = to 6 = agree A disagree strongly strongly. total score was calculated by summing responses for a maximum possible score of 60, with higher scores indicating higher levels of fear.
disability, difficulty finding a job, or being laid off), and 21 (11.1%) were unemployed by choice (e.g., student). Twenty six mothers had a high school degree or less (13.7%), 70 (36.8%) had some college, 64 (33.7%) had Bachelor’s degree, and 30 (15.8%) had a Master’s or Doctoral degree. Sample demographics in each study were comparable with one exception: Mothers in the first study were more likely to report being unemployed at the time of the baseline interview in comparison to mothers in the second study, X2 (3, N = 190) = 11.55, p = 0.009. Measures Coercive control during marriage. The Dominance-Isolation Subscale of the Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory – Short Form (PMWI; Tolman, 1992), a widely used measure of coercive control, was used to measure the degree of coercive control in the last year before separation. Mothers rated how often they experienced each of seven acts by their partner on a scale from of 1 = never to 5 = always (see Table 1). Responses were summed to calculate the frequency with which control tactics were used for a maximum possible score of 35. Dichotomous versions of the items were created by changing responses so that 0 = never and 1 = sometimes through always. Then, a count of control tactics was calculated by summing the total number of tactics endorsed for a maximum possible score of 7. Fear during marriage. Mothers’ degree of fear in the last year before separation was assessed with the Women’s Experiences of Battering (WEB) Scale (Smith, Earp, & DeVillis, 1995). Mothers indicated how much they agreed with each of 10 items that describe how their partner made them feel (e.g., “He made me feel unsafe even in my own home,” “He could scare me without laying a hand on me”) on a scale of 1 = disagree strongly to 6 = agree strongly. A total score was calculated by summing responses for a maximum possible score of 60, with higher scores indicating higher levels of fear.
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