11) Why inflation have occurred at the end of the GUT era? A) Gravity was an extremely weak force at this period in time. B) Large amounts of matter and antimatter annihilated at this time. C) There wasn't enough matter present to slow down the expansion at that time. D) The universe was too small and needed to grow quickly. E) An enormous amount of energy was released when the strong force froze out from the GUT force. Answer: E 12) What direct evidence do we have that the weak and electromagnetic forces were once unified as a single electroweak A) The most advanced telescopes are able to see back to this era in the universe. B) Detectors on have received photons and high-energy particles from this era. C) Temperatures in the center of the Sun can reproduce the conditions during this era. D) Particle accelerators on can reach energies equivalent to the high temperatures of this era and have produced particles predicted by the electroweak theory. E) We have no direct evidence of the electroweak force. Answer: D 13) What happened to the quarks that existed freely during the particle era? A) They combined in groups to make protons, neutrons, and their antiparticles. B) They froze out of the soup of particles at the end of the era. C) They evaporated. D) They combined in groups to make electrons and neutrinos. E) They combined in groups to make W and Z bosons. Answer: A 14) Approximately how long did the last? era of nucleosynthesis A) 10-10 second B) 0.001 second C) 5 seconds D) 5 minutes E) 5 years Answer: D 15) What kinds of atomic nuclei formed during the era of nucleosynthesis? A) only hydrogen B) only helium C) hydrogen and helium and trace amounts of deuterium and lithium D) roughly equal amounts of each of the following: hydrogen, helium, deuterium and lithium E) nuclei of all the chemical elements Answer: C 16) Why is the so important in determining the chemical composition of era of nucleosynthesis the universe? A) All the elements except hydrogen were produced after the era of nucleosynthesis. B) We can observe spectra from this era to determine what the primordial mix of the elements was at the beginning of the universe.
11) Why inflation have occurred at the end of the GUT era? A) Gravity was an extremely weak force at this period in time. B) Large amounts of matter and antimatter annihilated at this time. C) There wasn't enough matter present to slow down the expansion at that time. D) The universe was too small and needed to grow quickly. E) An enormous amount of energy was released when the strong force froze out from the GUT force. Answer: E 12) What direct evidence do we have that the weak and electromagnetic forces were once unified as a single electroweak A) The most advanced telescopes are able to see back to this era in the universe. B) Detectors on have received photons and high-energy particles from this era. C) Temperatures in the center of the Sun can reproduce the conditions during this era. D) Particle accelerators on can reach energies equivalent to the high temperatures of this era and have produced particles predicted by the electroweak theory. E) We have no direct evidence of the electroweak force. Answer: D 13) What happened to the quarks that existed freely during the particle era? A) They combined in groups to make protons, neutrons, and their antiparticles. B) They froze out of the soup of particles at the end of the era. C) They evaporated. D) They combined in groups to make electrons and neutrinos. E) They combined in groups to make W and Z bosons. Answer: A 14) Approximately how long did the era of nucleosynthesis last? A) 10-10 second B) 0.001 second C) 5 seconds D) 5 minutes E) 5 years Answer: D 15) What kinds of atomic nuclei formed during the era of nucleosynthesis? A) only hydrogen B) only helium C) hydrogen and helium and trace amounts of deuterium and lithium D) roughly equal amounts of each of the following: hydrogen, helium, deuterium and lithium E) nuclei of all the chemical elements Answer: C 16) Why is the era of nucleosynthesis so important in determining the chemical composition of the universe? A) All the elements except hydrogen were produced after the era of nucleosynthesis. B) We can observe spectra from this era to determine what the primordial mix of the elements was at the beginning of the universe.
The%20Birth%20of%20the%20Universe%20The%20Big%20Bang.docx