4.2.1 Option 1 Non-halocarbon refrigerants (R-717 and R-744) – Current technology present several interesting options, catering for almost all the industry requirements. Systems with ammonia (R-717), carbon dioxide (R-744) or ammonia/carbon dioxide cascade cover almost all the possible applications. Due to the costs and modifications involved when transiting from an HCFC-22 plant to a non-halocarbon refrigerant, R-717 options cannot be considered a viable solution for the replacement or retrofit of refrigeration plants on existing vessels considered here. However, their choice is probably the right one when new ships are considered or when rebuilding can be accepted. Running an ammonia plant requires skilled personnel. R-744 option can be a good solution also for existing vessels as demonstrated by recent experiences. Cost of systems for conversion to R-717 and R-744 options compete with HFC systems in the markets where they so far have been sold. Financial considerations Technology risk Regulatory and (Complexity and environmental risk Capital Operating performance) (10 horizon) investment expenses Option 1 Non-halocarbon refrigerants – R-717 system Medium Medium High Nil Requires Potential Highly complex No environmental new ship improvement relative to policy risk with separate in efficiency. capabilities. throughout machine Require Additional safety expected life of room or competence, risk of ammonia equipment. rebuilding but (lower flammable inexpensive and toxic). Training refrigerant required in new markets R-717/R-744 cascade Medium Medium High Nil system Requires Potential Highly complex No environmental new ship improvement relative to on-board policy risk with separate in efficiency. capabilities. throughout machine High Additional safety expected life of room or maintenance risk of ammonia equipment. rebuilding cost due to (lower flammable complexity. and toxic), Training Require required in new competence, markets but inexpensive refrigerant R-744 system Medium Medium Medium Nil Suitable for Potential Some complexity No environmental existing improvement relative to on-board policy risk vessels with in efficiency capabilities. Training throughout replacement at the required in new expected life of of system expenses of markets equipment. complexity. Require competence, but inexpensive refrigerant
4.2.1 Option 1 – Non-halocarbon refrigerants (R-717 and R-744) Current technology present several interesting options, catering for almost all the industry requirements. Systems with ammonia (R-717), carbon dioxide (R-744) or ammonia/carbon dioxide cascade cover almost all the possible applications. Due to the costs and modifications involved when transiting from an HCFC-22 plant to a non-halocarbon refrigerant, R-717 options cannot be considered a viable solution for the replacement or retrofit of refrigeration plants on existing vessels considered here. However, their choice is probably the right one when new ships are considered or when rebuilding can be accepted. Running an ammonia plant requires skilled personnel. R-744 option can be a good solution also for existing vessels as demonstrated by recent experiences. Cost of systems for conversion to R-717 and R-744 options compete with HFC systems in the markets where they so far have been sold. Financial considerations Technology risk (Complexity and performance) Regulatory and environmental risk (10 horizon) Capital investment Operating expenses Option 1 – Non-halocarbon refrigerants R-717 system Medium Medium High Nil Requires new ship with separate machine room or rebuilding Potential improvement in efficiency. Require competence, but inexpensive refrigerant Highly complex relative to capabilities. Additional safety risk of ammonia (lower flammable and toxic). Training required in new markets No environmental policy risk throughout expected life of equipment. R-717/R-744 cascade system Medium Medium High Nil Requires new ship with separate machine room or rebuilding Potential improvement in efficiency. High maintenance cost due to complexity. Require competence, but inexpensive refrigerant Highly complex relative to on-board capabilities. Additional safety risk of ammonia (lower flammable and toxic), Training required in new markets No environmental policy risk throughout expected life of equipment. R-744 system Medium Medium Medium Nil Suitable for existing vessels with replacement of system Potential improvement in efficiency at the expenses of complexity. Require competence, but inexpensive refrigerant Some complexity relative to on-board capabilities. Training required in new markets No environmental policy risk throughout expected life of equipment.
TEAP_TFXXVII-4_Report_June2016.docx