Function: Site of attachment of core sugar groups to proteins, site of cholesterol o synthesis, and transport of membrane, secretory, and lysosomal proteins to Golgi Smooth ER-Membrane system of sacks without ribosomes Function: Site of lipid metabolism, steroid synthesis, and drug detox o Golgi apparatus-Membrane system of vesicles and stacked, flattened membrane sacs Function: post translation modifications; segregation and packaging of proteins for o secretion or incorporation into the PM or lysosomes Peroxisomes-Contain oxidase enzymes (catalase-breaks down peroxide) that function to detoxify substances Lysosomes-Contains acid hydrolases that mediate intracellular digest of molecules Centrioles-Paired, elongated star-shaped bodies comprised of triplets of microtubules that are part of the centrosome Function: help organize microtubule network to form spindle during mitosis; form o the base structures of cilia and flagella Ribosomes particles containing protein and rRNA; site of protein synthesis – 322 Cell Physiology Histology: Cell Physiology Christina Pereira Generation of a Resting Membrane Potential Membrane potential- a voltage across a membrane Resting Membrane Potential voltage across the plasma membrane of a cell at rest (not – stimulated or damaged) Results from Na+ and K+ concentration gradients across the membrane and their o different permeabilities Resting membrane potential is maintained by active transport of ions o Ranges from -20 to -200 mV o Purpose of membrane potential: to provide an electrochemical potential for: Changes in membrane potential during excitation of neurons and muscle cells o For co-transport of substances into cells o Membrane Receptors diverse group of integral proteins and glycoproteins that serve as – binding sites for ligands or other cells and function in cell signaling Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) plasma membrane receptors, usually glycoproteins, – that: Anchor cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to each other o § Are a component of desmosomes
o Function: Site of attachment of core sugar groups to proteins, site of cholesterol synthesis, and transport of membrane, secretory, and lysosomal proteins to Golgi Smooth ER-Membrane system of sacks without ribosomes o Function: Site of lipid metabolism, steroid synthesis, and drug detox Golgi apparatus-Membrane system of vesicles and stacked, flattened membrane sacs o Function: post translation modifications; segregation and packaging of proteins for secretion or incorporation into the PM or lysosomes Peroxisomes-Contain oxidase enzymes (catalase-breaks down peroxide) that function to detoxify substances Lysosomes-Contains acid hydrolases that mediate intracellular digest of molecules Centrioles-Paired, elongated star-shaped bodies comprised of triplets of microtubules that are part of the centrosome o Function: help organize microtubule network to form spindle during mitosis; form the base structures of cilia and flagella Ribosomes – particles containing protein and rRNA; site of protein synthesis 322 Cell Physiology Histology: Cell Physiology Christina Pereira Generation of a Resting Membrane Potential Membrane potential- a voltage across a membrane Resting Membrane Potential – voltage across the plasma membrane of a cell at rest (not stimulated or damaged) o Results from Na+ and K+ concentration gradients across the membrane and their different permeabilities o Resting membrane potential is maintained by active transport of ions o Ranges from -20 to -200 mV Purpose of membrane potential: to provide an electrochemical potential for: o Changes in membrane potential during excitation of neurons and muscle cells o For co-transport of substances into cells Membrane Receptors – diverse group of integral proteins and glycoproteins that serve as binding sites for ligands or other cells and function in cell signaling Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) – plasma membrane receptors, usually glycoproteins, that: o Anchor cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to each other § Are a component of desmosomes
2014_final_exam_review.docx