Vega-Lopez To assess the effect Non-smoking adults All food provided by researchers; Total-C: CCX, Controlled by Total-C, LDL-C 2006 of consuming palm oil aged over 50 years, same food in all phases, prepared Spectrum; Incstar, design Diet 1: 6.2, 4.3 versus partially with LDL>3.36 with different oils giving 20% Stillwater, MN Diet 2:5.4, 3.6 hydrogenated energy Energy intake soybean, canola oil or BMI: 26.0 LDL-C: calculated adjusted to maintain P<0.05 soybean oil on lipids Test diet composition determined from total-C, HDL-C stable body weight and indicators of No sample size by chemical analysis and VLDC-C glucose homeostasis calculations given Adverse/other effects: TG, lipoproteins, 3 blood samples indicators of averaged glucose homeostasis and HDL metabolism Lichtenstein To assess the effect Non-smoking adults All food provided by researcher; Total-C: with a Controlled by Total-C, LDL-C 1999 of various aged over 50 years, additional water and non-energy biochromatic design Diet 1: 5.8, 4.0 commercially with LDL>3.36 beverages allowed; Step 2 diet analyzer (model Diet 2: 5.9,4.0 available margarines with soybean oil or semiliquid CCX, Spectrum, Weight assessed & a BMI: 27.4 margarine used to prepare foods Incstar, Stillwater, 4xweek P: NS vegetable shortening Minn.) with with a wide range of No sample size Test diet composition determined enzymatic reagents Adverse/other effects: TFA to butter on lipids calculations given by chemical analysis HDL, TG, LDL-C: not stated lipoproteins, 3 blood samples averaged
Vega-Lopez 2006 To assess the effect of consuming palm oil versus partially hydrogenated soybean, canola oil or soybean oil on lipids and indicators of glucose homeostasis Non-smoking adults aged over 50 years, with LDL>3.36 BMI: 26.0 No sample size calculations given All food provided by researchers; same food in all phases, prepared with different oils giving 20% energy Test diet composition determined by chemical analysis Total-C: CCX, Spectrum; Incstar, Stillwater, MN LDL-C: calculated from total-C, HDL-C and VLDC-C 3 blood samples averaged Controlled by design Energy intake adjusted to maintain stable body weight Adverse/other effects: TG, lipoproteins, indicators of glucose homeostasis and HDL metabolism Total-C, LDL-C Diet 1: 6.2, 4.3 Diet 2:5.4, 3.6 P<0.05 Lichtenstein 1999 To assess the effect of various commercially available margarines & a vegetable shortening with a wide range of TFA to butter on lipids Non-smoking adults aged over 50 years, with LDL>3.36 BMI: 27.4 No sample size calculations given All food provided by researcher; additional water and non-energy beverages allowed; Step 2 diet with soybean oil or semiliquid margarine used to prepare foods Test diet composition determined by chemical analysis Total-C: with a biochromatic analyzer (model CCX, Spectrum, Incstar, Stillwater, Minn.) with enzymatic reagents LDL-C: not stated 3 blood samples averaged Controlled by design Weight assessed 4xweek Adverse/other effects: HDL, TG, lipoproteins, Total-C, LDL-C Diet 1: 5.8, 4.0 Diet 2: 5.9,4.0 P: NS
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