I. Investigation & Experimentation Science investigates and studies the natural world → Biology study of living things – Scientists make observations, collect data, interpret evidence and make predictions. II. Scientific Method Steps to the Scientific Method: Observation 1) 2)Ask Question problem → 3) Hypothesis 4.) Set up Controlled experiment Analyze Data 5.) Record and 6.) From conclusion 7.) Publish Results Hypothesis a possible explanation for a set of → observations. Theory well tested explanation → unifies a broad range of observations Lots of supporting data/evidence Many experiments III. Experimental Design and Error All elements in an experiment must be controlled Experimental Variables Control variables - all elements of an experiments that are the same (uniform) Exp. time, location, containers, → etc. Manipulated variable element in an –single experiments altered by the scientists. Only manipulated variable per 1 experiment Also called Independent variable Responding Variable factor scientists – observes to manipulated – “responds” variable Results/data collection/measurement Exp. = plant height Also called Dependent variable III. Sources of Error Can be avoidable or unavoidable Avoidable human error; mis-reading, – incorrect measurement, poor experimental design Unavoidable natural genetic variation that – exists in living organisms
I. Investigation & Experimentation Science → investigates and studies the natural world Biology – study of living things Scientists make observations, collect data, interpret evidence and make predictions. II. Scientific Method Steps to the Scientific Method: 1) Observation 2)Ask Question → problem 3) Hypothesis 4.) Set up Controlled experiment 5.) Record and Analyze Data 6.) From conclusion 7.) Publish Results Hypothesis → a possible explanation for a set of observations. Theory → well tested explanation unifies a broad range of observations Lots of supporting data/evidence Many experiments III. Experimental Design and Error All elements in an experiment must be controlled Experimental Variables Control variables - all elements of an experiments that are the same (uniform) Exp. → time, location, containers, etc. Manipulated variable –single element in an experiments altered by the scientists. Only 1 manipulated variable per experiment Also called Independent variable Responding Variable – factor scientists observes – “responds” to manipulated variable Results/data collection/measurement Exp. = plant height Also called Dependent variable III. Sources of Error Can be avoidable or unavoidable Avoidable – human error; mis-reading, incorrect measurement, poor experimental design Unavoidable – natural genetic variation that exists in living organisms
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