Ekaterinodor to within 400km south of Moscow in October 1919. At the same time another White army, led by Yudenich, advanced from Tallinn in Estonia towards Petrograd. If the commanders had been able to coordinate their efforts they could have broken through, but they did not attack simultaneously and the Reds held them at bay. From autumn 1919 onwards the Reds pushed the White armies back west and south. Denikin was removed from his command, and his replacement, Wrangel, fought fiercely as he and his army were forced to retreat. Final defeat for Wrangel came in November 1920 when his troops were evacuated from Crimea. The Reds the remainder of the civil war dealing with low level resistance from national minorities and peasant groups Throughout the civil war both Reds and Whites carried out brutal atrocities against anyone they felt supported their enemies. Reasons for Red Victory The Bolsheviks exploited the fact that almost nobody in Russia wanted to return to the Tsarist rule to suggest they were the only true protectors of the Revolution. The Bolsheviks controlled Russia’s heartland. The territory around Petrograd and Moscow contained a huge population, most of Russian industry and almost all Russia’s railway. Trotsky was an extremely able leader who created a very efficient army. The leadership of the Reds was united behind the policies of Lenin. The Bolsheviks used propaganda effectively to influence Russians to support their cause. The White leaders were uncoordinated, and so their attacks were not well planned. Junior officers in the armies were extremely brutal, especially to peasants. This reduced any support the Whites might have had. The Bolsheviks were prepared to go to any lengths to secure victory. Foreign intervention made it appear that the Whites were supporting an invasion of Russia. The Bolsheviks described themselves as the only group who could save Russia from foreigners. However, foreign intervention was too half-hearted to make any real difference to the end result. War Communism and Famine During the war, Lenin and the Bolsheviks introduced an economic policy known as War Communism. Russians were told that the policies were severe and hard, but they were necessary in order to win the civil war. One of the main features of War Communism was the banning of private trade. Shops and factories were taken under direct government control. Money was abolished. Barter was used to obtain what you needed.
Ekaterinodor to within 400km south of Moscow in October 1919. At the same time another White army, led by Yudenich, advanced from Tallinn in Estonia towards Petrograd. If the commanders had been able to coordinate their efforts they could have broken through, but they did not attack simultaneously and the Reds held them at bay. From autumn 1919 onwards the Reds pushed the White armies back west and south. Denikin was removed from his command, and his replacement, Wrangel, fought fiercely as he and his army were forced to retreat. Final defeat for Wrangel came in November 1920 when his troops were evacuated from Crimea. The Reds the remainder of the civil war dealing with low level resistance from national minorities and peasant groups Throughout the civil war both Reds and Whites carried out brutal atrocities against anyone they felt supported their enemies. Reasons for Red Victory The Bolsheviks exploited the fact that almost nobody in Russia wanted to return to the Tsarist rule to suggest they were the only true protectors of the Revolution. The Bolsheviks controlled Russia’s heartland. The territory around Petrograd and Moscow contained a huge population, most of Russian industry and almost all Russia’s railway. Trotsky was an extremely able leader who created a very efficient army. The leadership of the Reds was united behind the policies of Lenin. The Bolsheviks used propaganda effectively to influence Russians to support their cause. The White leaders were uncoordinated, and so their attacks were not well planned. Junior officers in the armies were extremely brutal, especially to peasants. This reduced any support the Whites might have had. The Bolsheviks were prepared to go to any lengths to secure victory. Foreign intervention made it appear that the Whites were supporting an invasion of Russia. The Bolsheviks described themselves as the only group who could save Russia from foreigners. However, foreign intervention was too half-hearted to make any real difference to the end result. War Communism and Famine During the war, Lenin and the Bolsheviks introduced an economic policy known as War Communism. Russians were told that the policies were severe and hard, but they were necessary in order to win the civil war. One of the main features of War Communism was the banning of private trade. Shops and factories were taken under direct government control. Money was abolished. Barter was used to obtain what you needed.
russian_revolution_knowledge_review_1_.docx