What is the most likely stage All three growth forms of the plant would be associated with this associated with the pathway? pathway. What are the important factors Aquatic plants are produced in locations multiple species are for association with the being produced and handled therefore contamination may occur. pathway? Is the pest likely to survive Yes, survival is an inherent part of the pathway. transport and storage in this pathway? Can the pest transfer from this Yes, through agency (i.e. intentional introductions or the pathway to a suitable habitat? unintentional disposal of plants into wild habitats). The species could be misused and introduced directly into freshwater bodies and ecosystems (e.g. stream, lakes, dams). The unintended habitats are freshwater bodies and ecosystems (semi-natural and natural waterbodies). Plants used in confined waterbodies could spread to unintended habitats very easily through human activities as well as through natural spread by floods downstream. Improper disposal of aquarium contents has been a source of introduction of aquatic plants in some countries, even if it is considered as an accidental pathway of introduction (e.g. in the Netherlands, see the Cabomba caroliniana EPPO PRA on the species; in the USA; Hydrilla verticillata Langeland, 1996). Will the volume of movement No. The volume of movement as a contaminant this pathway the pathway support entry? would be low. Will the frequency of No. The frequency of movement as a contaminant be low. movement along the pathway support entry? Likelihood of entry Low Moderate High Rating of uncertainty Low Moderate High Possible pathways Leisure equipment Pathway: (in order of importance) Short description explaining It is possible that the use of recreational equipment (e.g. fishing or why it is considered as a canoeing gear) could spread the species, particularly in its primary pathway form, although this is not likely to be significant pathway. Is the pathway prohibited in the No. However, there are awareness campaigns within the EU to raise PRA area? awareness of the movement of invasive alien plants by this pathway. For example, the Clean and Dry” campaign in Great Britain “Check, highlights the need to inspect and treat recreational material following use.
What is the most likely stage associated with the pathway? All three growth forms of the plant would be associated with this pathway. What are the important factors for association with the pathway? Aquatic plants are produced in locations multiple species are being produced and handled therefore contamination may occur. Is the pest likely to survive transport and storage in this pathway? Yes, survival is an inherent part of the pathway. Can the pest transfer from this pathway to a suitable habitat? Yes, through agency (i.e. intentional introductions or the unintentional disposal of plants into wild habitats). The species could be misused and introduced directly into freshwater bodies and ecosystems (e.g. stream, lakes, dams). The unintended habitats are freshwater bodies and ecosystems (semi-natural and natural waterbodies). Plants used in confined waterbodies could spread to unintended habitats very easily through human activities as well as through natural spread by floods downstream. Improper disposal of aquarium contents has been a source of introduction of aquatic plants in some countries, even if it is considered as an accidental pathway of introduction (e.g. Cabomba caroliniana in the Netherlands, see the EPPO PRA on the species; Hydrilla verticillata in the USA; Langeland, 1996). Will the volume of movement the pathway support entry? No. The volume of movement as a contaminant this pathway would be low. Will the frequency of movement along the pathway support entry? No. The frequency of movement as a contaminant be low. Likelihood of entry Low Moderate High Rating of uncertainty Low Moderate High Possible pathways (in order of importance) Pathway: Leisure equipment Short description explaining why it is considered as a pathway It is possible that the use of recreational equipment (e.g. fishing or canoeing gear) could spread the species, particularly in its primary form, although this is not likely to be significant pathway. Is the pathway prohibited in the PRA area? No. However, there are awareness campaigns within the EU to raise awareness of the movement of invasive alien plants by this pathway. For example, the “Check, Clean and Dry” campaign in Great Britain highlights the need to inspect and treat recreational material following use.
Salvinia%20molesta.docx