breaks down, are an area of active research (Ortland 2014). Intraseasonal and Alexander, and interannual variations in the BDC (e.g., sudden stratospheric warmings, ENSO, and QBO variability) have a clear impact on tropical tropopause temperatures and hence the input of water vapor into the stratosphere. The BDC has also been shown to impact tropical convection (Eguchi 2007) and tropospheric ozone 2014). and Kodera, (Neu et al., Question Observation Resolution Accuracy Precision time and space 4.1.1.1 H2O H2O: Vertical and 2% H2O < 0.2 N2O temporal to resolve ppm tape recorder N2O < 5 N2O: day and night ppb 4.1.1.2 O3, temperature 1 degree, 1 T < 1K T < 2K Space: km vertical O3 < 2% O3 < 5% resolution, Time: 3-hourly for T, 6-12 hourly for u and v. u and v direct measurements should be focused on low latitudes. 4.1.1.3 CH4, SF6, CO2 Space: tropics, SF6 (2%) midlats, polar, CO2 (.1 degrees ppm) resolution; CH4 (10 Tropopause to 30 ppb) km; 1-2 km Vertical Resolution. Time: 2 decadal 4.1.2 How is the mid-to-upper stratosphere temperature responding to GHG increases? 4.1.2.1 How do N2O, CH4, CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs contribute to this change?
breaks down, are an area of active research (Ortland and Alexander, 2014). Intraseasonal and interannual variations in the BDC (e.g., sudden stratospheric warmings, ENSO, and QBO variability) have a clear impact on tropical tropopause temperatures and hence the input of water vapor into the stratosphere. The BDC has also been shown to impact tropical convection (Eguchi and Kodera, 2007) and tropospheric ozone (Neu et al., 2014). Question Observation Resolution time and space Accuracy Precision 4.1.1.1 H2O N2O H2O: Vertical and temporal to resolve tape recorder N2O: day and night 2% H2O < 0.2 ppm N2O < 5 ppb 4.1.1.2 O3, temperature Space: 1 degree, 1 km vertical resolution, Time: 3-hourly for T, 6-12 hourly for u and v. u and v direct measurements should be focused on low latitudes. T < 1K O3 < 2% T < 2K O3 < 5% 4.1.1.3 CH4, SF6, CO2 Space: tropics, midlats, polar, degrees resolution; Tropopause to 30 km; 1-2 km Vertical Resolution. Time: 2 decadal SF6 (2%) CO2 (.1 ppm) CH4 (10 ppb) 4.1.2 How is the mid-to-upper stratosphere temperature responding to GHG increases? 4.1.2.1 How do N2O, CH4, CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs contribute to this change?
SMDWorkshop_report_final.docx