Spiritual But Not Religious? 15 The Concept of Religion as Employed in This A Word About Definitions 18 Text 20 Summary 18 A Final Word About Definitions 22 Summary 23 2. A Social Scientific Approach to Studying 2. A Social Scientific Perspective on Religion 19 Religion 25 The Sociological Perspective 21 The Sociological Perspective 27 Sociological Methods of Studying Religion 23 Sociological Methods of Studying Religion 29 Survey Research and Statistical Analysis Survey Research and Statistical Analysis 24 29 28 Interviewing 35 Interviewing 30 Participant Observation 38 Participant Observation 34 Content Analysis 42 Content Analysis 35 Historical–Comparative Analysis 45 Historical–Comparative Analysis 37 Experimentation 45 Experimentation 38 Triangulation 47 Triangulation Summary 39 Summary 48 PART II. THE COMPLEXITY OF RELIGIOUS PART II. THE COMPLEXITY OF RELIGIOUS SYSTEMS: INTEGRATION AND CONFLICT SYSTEMS: INTEGRATION AND CONFLICT 49 41 3. Religion in the Larger Society: Macro 3. Religion in the Larger Society: Macro Perspectives 50 Perspectives 43 Functional Theory and the Functions of Functional Theory and the Functions of Religion 44 Religion 51 Functional and Structural Functional Functional and Structural Functional 44 51 Analysis Analysis 47 54 The Functions of Religion The Functions of Religion Dysfunctions of Religion and the Diversity Dysfunctions of Religion and the 50 59 of Consequences Diversity of Consequences 51 60 Problems With Functional Analysis Problems With Functional Analysis Conflict Theory and Religious Conflict 52 Conflict Theory and Religious Conflict 61 Conflict as a Source of Social Disruption Conflict as a Source of Social Disruption 52 61 56 67 Conflict as a Source of Integration Conflict as a Source of Integration 57 68 Conflict as a Source of Change Conflict as a Source of Change Conflict as a Pervasive Element in All Conflict as a Pervasive Element in All 58 69 Social Life Social Life 59 71 Problems With Conflict Analysis Problems With Conflict Analysis Toward Synthesis: An Open Systems Model 60 Toward Synthesis: An Open Systems Model 71 Summary 65 Summary 76 4. The Cultural Construction of Religion: 4. The Cultural Construction of Religion: Experience, Myth, Ritual, Symbols, and Experience, Myth, Ritual, Symbols, and Worldview 66 Worldview 78 The Social Construction of Reality 67 The Social Construction of Reality 79 Experience of the Holy 68 The Experiential Dimension of Religion 80 Myth and Ritual 74 Myth and Ritual 85 74 Myth 86 Myth 76 Ritual 89 Ritual 81 Relationship Between Myth and Ritual 92 Relationship Between Myth and Ritual The Importance of Symbols 82 The Importance of Symbols 93
Spiritual But Not Religious? 15 A Word About Definitions 18 Summary 18 2. A Social Scientific Perspective on Religion 19 The Sociological Perspective 21 Sociological Methods of Studying Religion 23 Survey Research and Statistical Analysis 24 Interviewing 28 Participant Observation 30 Content Analysis 34 Historical–Comparative Analysis 35 Experimentation 37 Triangulation 38 Summary 39 PART II. THE COMPLEXITY OF RELIGIOUS SYSTEMS: INTEGRATION AND CONFLICT 41 3. Religion in the Larger Society: Macro Perspectives 43 Functional Theory and the Functions of Religion 44 Functional and Structural Functional Analysis 44 The Functions of Religion 47 Dysfunctions of Religion and the Diversity of Consequences 50 Problems With Functional Analysis 51 Conflict Theory and Religious Conflict 52 Conflict as a Source of Social Disruption 52 Conflict as a Source of Integration 56 Conflict as a Source of Change 57 Conflict as a Pervasive Element in All Social Life 58 Problems With Conflict Analysis 59 Toward Synthesis: An Open Systems Model 60 Summary 65 4. The Cultural Construction of Religion: Experience, Myth, Ritual, Symbols, and Worldview 66 The Social Construction of Reality 67 Experience of the Holy 68 Myth and Ritual 74 Myth 74 Ritual 76 Relationship Between Myth and Ritual 81 The Importance of Symbols 82 The Concept of Religion as Employed in This Text 20 A Final Word About Definitions 22 Summary 23 2. A Social Scientific Approach to Studying Religion 25 The Sociological Perspective 27 Sociological Methods of Studying Religion 29 Survey Research and Statistical Analysis 29 Interviewing 35 Participant Observation 38 Content Analysis 42 Historical–Comparative Analysis 45 Experimentation 45 Triangulation 47 Summary 48 PART II. THE COMPLEXITY OF RELIGIOUS SYSTEMS: INTEGRATION AND CONFLICT 49 3. Religion in the Larger Society: Macro Perspectives 50 Functional Theory and the Functions of Religion 51 Functional and Structural Functional Analysis 51 The Functions of Religion 54 Dysfunctions of Religion and the Diversity of Consequences 59 Problems With Functional Analysis 60 Conflict Theory and Religious Conflict 61 Conflict as a Source of Social Disruption 61 Conflict as a Source of Integration 67 Conflict as a Source of Change 68 Conflict as a Pervasive Element in All Social Life 69 Problems With Conflict Analysis 71 Toward Synthesis: An Open Systems Model 71 Summary 76 4. The Cultural Construction of Religion: Experience, Myth, Ritual, Symbols, and Worldview 78 The Social Construction of Reality 79 The Experiential Dimension of Religion 80 Myth and Ritual 85 Myth 86 Ritual 89 Relationship Between Myth and Ritual 92 The Importance of Symbols 93
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