Chapter II - Supporting Literature and Theory - Conceptual Context 28 Adaptive Teaching Challenges in Education 30 Adaptive Teaching Challenges Involving English Learners 32 Diagnosing Learning Issues 37 Family Communication 37 Low Expectations 38 Curriculum 39 Teacher Collaboration 39 Assessment 41 Student Characteristics 41 Programming 42 Learning-Oriented Leadership Model and the Pillar Practices 43 The Learning-Oriented Leadership 43 The Concepts of Developmental Diversity and Professional Learning Spaces for Teachers of EL Students 48 Ways of knowing 49 Instrumental knowers 53 Socializing knowers 54 Self-authoring knowers 54 Self-transforming knowers 55 Transitioning from one way of knowing to another 59 Connecting concepts of ways of knowing and professional learning spaces for teachers of EL students 61 The Pillar Practices 60 Holding environment 61 Teaming 62 Mentoring 64 Providing leadership roles 65 Collegial inquiry 66 Bringing the pillar practices together within the learning-oriented leadership model 69 Cultural Dimensions of Professional Learning Spaces for Teachers of EL Students 69 Current Context for Professional Learning for All Teachers 71 Current Context for Professional Learning for Teachers of EL Students 74 Central Role of Culture and Language in Teaching English Learners 82 Chapter Summary 85 Chapter III - METHODOLOGY 87 Research Questions 87 Rationale for Qualitative Methodology 88 The Case Study Approach 89 The Multi-Site Case Study 89 Rationale for Site Selection 91
Chapter II - Supporting Literature and Theory - Conceptual Context 28 Adaptive Teaching Challenges in Education 30 Adaptive Teaching Challenges Involving English Learners 32 Diagnosing Learning Issues 37 Family Communication 37 Low Expectations 38 Curriculum 39 Teacher Collaboration 39 Assessment 41 Student Characteristics 41 Programming 42 Learning-Oriented Leadership Model and the Pillar Practices 43 The Learning-Oriented Leadership 43 The Concepts of Developmental Diversity and Professional Learning Spaces for Teachers of EL Students 48 Ways of knowing 49 Instrumental knowers 53 Socializing knowers 54 Self-authoring knowers 54 Self-transforming knowers 55 Transitioning from one way of knowing to another 59 Connecting concepts of ways of knowing and professional learning spaces for teachers of EL students 61 The Pillar Practices 60 Holding environment 61 Teaming 62 Mentoring 64 Providing leadership roles 65 Collegial inquiry 66 Bringing the pillar practices together within the learning-oriented leadership model 69 Cultural Dimensions of Professional Learning Spaces for Teachers of EL Students 69 Current Context for Professional Learning for All Teachers 71 Current Context for Professional Learning for Teachers of EL Students 74 Central Role of Culture and Language in Teaching English Learners 82 Chapter Summary 85 Chapter III - METHODOLOGY 87 Research Questions 87 Rationale for Qualitative Methodology 88 The Case Study Approach 89 The Multi-Site Case Study 89 Rationale for Site Selection 91
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