Resettlement Dislocation of population and Siting of project to minimize communities dislocations Compensation to owners of dislocated Loss of property alternative land Project implementation or benefits use or activities impaired due to conflicts of land Resettlement scheme ensuring at least ownership equal standard of living and including environmental considerations of services, such as roads, water supply Loss of cultural sanitation and health resources Conversion of land may favour one group over another Consultation with affected population, authorities and NGOs Pre-project socioeconomic surveys and land use assessment Disturbance of valuable resources, Measures to protect or restore affected such as scared forest and resources if avoidance is not possible archeological site Define ecological requirements Operated dams to suit downstream requirements and encourage wildlife around reservoirs Table 8: Summary of Environmental Issues, Impacts and Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Related to Livestock Environmental Environmental Impact Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Issue Land and soil Soil erosion from land clearing for Fencing and planting of vetivar grass around quality stock water construction stock water points Soil erosion due to livestock Adequate and uniformly distributed watering trails/tracks (hoofing effect) points should be provided. Soil compacting due to livestock Improvement of soil fertility through the planting movement of leguminous plants in pasture development Loss of organic matter and nutrients Droppings from livestock fertilize the land due to land clearing Periodic rest of selected areas during a growing Loss in pasture productivity season (rotational grazing) Bush encroachment resulting from Practice grazing management. Diversification of selective grazing livestock species and protection of sensitive areas Water quality Silting of water bodies and small dams Proper waste and effluent management contributes to sediment loads and Provide for adequate treatment of effluents and turbidity which affect fish and other solid waste from projects aquatic organisms. Provision of separate watering points for Impact of water quality (pollution of livestock and humans water by livestock faeces) Provision of watering troughs (ensure that livestock do not directly from water bodies)
Resettlement Loss of alternative land use or activities Loss of cultural resources Dislocation of population and communities Project implementation or benefits impaired due to conflicts of land ownership Conversion of land may favour one group over another Disturbance of valuable resources, such as scared forest and archeological site Siting of project to minimize dislocations Compensation to owners of dislocated property Resettlement scheme ensuring at least equal standard of living and including environmental considerations of services, such as roads, water supply sanitation and health Consultation with affected population, authorities and NGOs Pre-project socioeconomic surveys and land use assessment Measures to protect or restore affected resources if avoidance is not possible Define ecological requirements Operated dams to suit downstream requirements and encourage wildlife around reservoirs Table 8: Summary of Environmental Issues, Impacts and Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Related to Livestock Environmental Issue Environmental Impact Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Land and soil quality Soil erosion from land clearing for stock water construction Soil erosion due to livestock trails/tracks (hoofing effect) Soil compacting due to livestock movement Loss of organic matter and nutrients due to land clearing Loss in pasture productivity Bush encroachment resulting from selective grazing Fencing and planting of vetivar grass around stock water points Adequate and uniformly distributed watering points should be provided. Improvement of soil fertility through the planting of leguminous plants in pasture development Droppings from livestock fertilize the land Periodic rest of selected areas during a growing season (rotational grazing) Practice grazing management. Diversification of livestock species and protection of sensitive areas Water quality Silting of water bodies and small dams contributes to sediment loads and turbidity which affect fish and other aquatic organisms. Impact of water quality (pollution of water by livestock faeces) Proper waste and effluent management Provide for adequate treatment of effluents and solid waste from projects Provision of separate watering points for livestock and humans Provision of watering troughs (ensure that livestock do not directly from water bodies)
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