Smell Structure Dogs have a & this is believed to facilitate olfaction. wet nose Dogs have a considerably & bigger is believed to be better. bigger nose In dogs, facilitate odor detection, while in humans the placement of turbinal turbinal bones impairs olfaction. Olfactory Apparatus The size of the olfactory receptor surface (where the cells that detect odor are located) is 170 cm2 in the GSD & only 4 cm2 in humans. Olfactory receptors in the brain number 220 million in the GSD & 5 million in humans. Human olfactory bulbs are about the size of a kernel of corn, while in dogs, these bulbs make up a significant portion of the (significantly smaller) brain. Pheromones Dogs use (chemical substances secreted in urine, feces, & glandular pheromones secretions) as part of their communications system. Reception of pheromones appears to take place in an accessory olfactory organ called the (or Vermonasal Organ Organ of Jacobson). The or (where dog salivates & teeth chatters) may Flehmen Response Tonguing facilitate this. This response is common after a male a female’s “investigates” urine. Comments Dogs have an incredible of smell. Estimates suggest that it is 40-1,000,000x more sensitive than humans. Some examples: (the component in sweat that smells like dirty socks) - dogs Butyric Acid may be 100,000,000x better. - dogs are 400x better. Amyl Acetate - dogs are about 10,000x better. Alpha-ionone Of all animals tested with different smells in different laboratories, the dog is the best. humans are predominately visual creatures, dogs are predominately olfactory. Unlike differences in vision & audition, differences in olfactory abilities of dogs & humans is so pronounced as to be difficult to comprehend. Scent Work - Types Drugs People (criminal or lost) & scene evidence Dead people Explosives & arson materials Natural gas leaks Toxic wastes (e.g., mercury) Contraband fruit Termites, gypsy moths, & screw worms Cows in estrous Evidence of endangered species
Smell Structure Dogs have a wet nose & this is believed to facilitate olfaction. Dogs have a considerably bigger nose & bigger is believed to be better. In dogs, turbinal facilitate odor detection, while in humans the placement of turbinal bones impairs olfaction. Olfactory Apparatus The size of the olfactory receptor surface (where the cells that detect odor are located) is 170 cm2 in the GSD & only 4 cm2 in humans. Olfactory receptors in the brain number 220 million in the GSD & 5 million in humans. Human olfactory bulbs are about the size of a kernel of corn, while in dogs, these bulbs make up a significant portion of the (significantly smaller) brain. Pheromones Dogs use pheromones (chemical substances secreted in urine, feces, & glandular secretions) as part of their communications system. Reception of pheromones appears to take place in an accessory olfactory organ called the Vermonasal Organ (or Organ of Jacobson). The Flehmen Response or Tonguing (where dog salivates & teeth chatters) may facilitate this. This response is common after a male “investigates” a female’s urine. Comments Dogs have an incredible of smell. Estimates suggest that it is 40-1,000,000x more sensitive than humans. Some examples: Butyric Acid (the component in sweat that smells like dirty socks) - dogs may be 100,000,000x better. Amyl Acetate - dogs are 400x better. Alpha-ionone - dogs are about 10,000x better. Of all animals tested with different smells in different laboratories, the dog is the best. humans are predominately visual creatures, dogs are predominately olfactory. Unlike differences in vision & audition, differences in olfactory abilities of dogs & humans is so pronounced as to be difficult to comprehend. Scent Work - Types Drugs People (criminal or lost) & scene evidence Dead people Explosives & arson materials Natural gas leaks Toxic wastes (e.g., mercury) Contraband fruit Termites, gypsy moths, & screw worms Cows in estrous Evidence of endangered species
sensperc.docx