Worldview, Ethos, and Symbols 84 Worldview, Ethos, and Symbols 94 Summary 89 Summary 99 PART III. RELIGION IN THE LIVES OF PART III. RELIGION IN THE LIVES OF INDIVIDUALS 101 INDIVIDUALS 91 5. Becoming and Being Religious 102 5. Becoming and Being Religious 93 Religious Socialization and the Religious Socialization and the Intergenerational Transmission of Religion Intergenerational Transmission of Religion 103 94 105 Social Learning Theory 95 Social Learning Theory Channeling Through Peers and Schools 97 Channeling Through Peers and Schools 107 Religion Over the Life Course 97 Religion Over the Life Course 108 98 Adolescence 109 Adolescence 98 Emerging Adulthood 109 Emerging Adulthood 99 Mature Adulthood 111 Mature Adulthood 100 Later Life 111 Later Life Age, Cohort, and Generational Effects on Age, Cohort, and Generational Effects on Religion 100 Religion 112 A Multidimensional Model of Commitment A Multidimensional Model of Commitment 106 117 106 Instrumental Commitment 117 Moral Commitment 108 Affective Commitment 118 Instrumental Commitment 110 Moral Commitment 120 Affective Commitment Religion and Identity 112 A Commitment Dilemma for Liberal Official and Nonofficial Religion 117 122 Faith Communities Summary 120 Religion and Identity 123 Religious 128 (Previously in Ch. 6) “Nones” Summary 131 6. Conversion and Switching 132 6. Conversion and Switching 122 Conversion, Brainwashing, and the New Conversion, Brainwashing, and the New Religious Movements 133 Religious Movements 123 Process Models of Conversion 135 Process Models of Conversion 125 135 Predisposing Conditions 126 Predisposing Conditions 137 Situational Contingencies 127 Situational Contingencies Critique and Evolution of Lofland’s Critique and Evolution of Lofland’s 138 Process Model 128 Process Model Religious Choices and Commitments: A Religious Choices and Commitments: A Rational Choice 138 Rational Choice Model 130 139 The Convert and Active Choice 131 The Convert and Active Choice Religious Choices: Costs and Benefits in Religious Choices: Costs and Benefits in a 139 a Supply and Demand “Market” 131 Supply and Demand “Market” Religious 144 “Switching” Among Denominations 134 “Switching” 147 Explaining Religious Switching 137 Switching by Individuals and Families Switching and the Growth or Decline of Switching and the Growth or Decline of 148 Religious Bodies 141 Religious Bodies Apostasy 152 Religious 145 (Now in Ch. 5) “Nones” Summary 156 Summary 146
Worldview, Ethos, and Symbols 84 Summary 89 PART III. RELIGION IN THE LIVES OF INDIVIDUALS 91 5. Becoming and Being Religious 93 Religious Socialization and the Intergenerational Transmission of Religion 94 Social Learning Theory 95 Channeling Through Peers and Schools 97 Religion Over the Life Course 97 Adolescence 98 Emerging Adulthood 98 Mature Adulthood 99 Later Life 100 Age, Cohort, and Generational Effects on Religion 100 A Multidimensional Model of Commitment 106 Instrumental Commitment 106 Affective Commitment 108 Moral Commitment 110 Religion and Identity 112 Official and Nonofficial Religion 117 Summary 120 6. Conversion and Switching 122 Conversion, Brainwashing, and the New Religious Movements 123 Process Models of Conversion 125 Predisposing Conditions 126 Situational Contingencies 127 Critique and Evolution of Lofland’s Process Model 128 Religious Choices and Commitments: A Rational Choice Model 130 The Convert and Active Choice 131 Religious Choices: Costs and Benefits in a Supply and Demand “Market” 131 “Switching” Among Denominations 134 Switching by Individuals and Families 137 Switching and the Growth or Decline of Religious Bodies 141 Religious “Nones” 145 (Now in Ch. 5) Summary 146 Worldview, Ethos, and Symbols 94 Summary 99 PART III. RELIGION IN THE LIVES OF INDIVIDUALS 101 5. Becoming and Being Religious 102 Religious Socialization and the Intergenerational Transmission of Religion 103 Social Learning Theory 105 Channeling Through Peers and Schools 107 Religion Over the Life Course 108 Adolescence 109 Emerging Adulthood 109 Mature Adulthood 111 Later Life 111 Age, Cohort, and Generational Effects on Religion 112 A Multidimensional Model of Commitment 117 Moral Commitment 117 Instrumental Commitment 118 Affective Commitment 120 A Commitment Dilemma for Liberal Faith Communities 122 Religion and Identity 123 Religious “Nones” 128 (Previously in Ch. 6) Summary 131 6. Conversion and Switching 132 Conversion, Brainwashing, and the New Religious Movements 133 Process Models of Conversion 135 Predisposing Conditions 135 Situational Contingencies 137 Critique and Evolution of Lofland’s Process Model 138 Religious Choices and Commitments: A Rational Choice 138 The Convert and Active Choice 139 Religious Choices: Costs and Benefits in a Supply and Demand “Market” 139 Religious “Switching” 144 Explaining Religious Switching 147 Switching and the Growth or Decline of Religious Bodies 148 Apostasy 152 Summary 156
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