Activity 2.2.3: The Biochemistry of Food Name of Composed of: Building Block(s): Function: Examples: Macromolecule: Carbohydrates 1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 Simple sugars (called Provide the body with energy Disaccharides maltose, – oxygen monosaccharides and are easily broken down by sucrose, and lactose. – glucose, fructose, the body. Polysaccharides, also galactose, called complex deoxyribose, and carbohydrates starch, – ribose) glycogen. Proteins Each amino acid is Amino acids Build, maintain, and repair the Enzymes such as lactase – composed of an amine tissues in the body. The proteins Hormones such as insulin – group (NH2), carboxyl you eat are broken down by the group (COOH), and a digestive system into their variable group (referred to component parts and these as a R group) components are re-assembled into new protein molecules that the body can use. Lipids Hydrogen, carbon, and Fatty acids, Glycerol Make up the cell membrane, Triglycerides, oxygen provide cell structure, provide phospholipids, steroids, insulation, and store energy for and fat-soluble vitamins the body. such as A, E, D and K Nucleic Acids Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, Nucleotides Stores and carries genetic DNA and RNA nitrogen, phosphorus information.
Activity 2.2.3: The Biochemistry of Food Name of Macromolecule: Composed of: Building Block(s): Function: Examples: Carbohydrates 1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 oxygen Simple sugars (called monosaccharides – glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose, and ribose) Provide the body with energy and are easily broken down by the body. Disaccharides – maltose, sucrose, and lactose. Polysaccharides, also called complex carbohydrates – starch, glycogen. Proteins Each amino acid is composed of an amine group (NH2), carboxyl group (COOH), and a variable group (referred to as a R group) Amino acids Build, maintain, and repair the tissues in the body. The proteins you eat are broken down by the digestive system into their component parts and these components are re-assembled into new protein molecules that the body can use. Enzymes – such as lactase Hormones – such as insulin Lipids Hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen Fatty acids, Glycerol Make up the cell membrane, provide cell structure, provide insulation, and store energy for the body. Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and fat-soluble vitamins such as A, E, D and K Nucleic Acids Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus Nucleotides Stores and carries genetic information. DNA and RNA
2.2.3._student_response_sheet_answer_key.docx