of food is used in a novel to represent the failing system of government, as Steinbeck and Solzhenitsyn did, or whether it was used to represent a loss of culture to the modern world, as Mahfouz and Kawabata did, food is used as a critical part of culture and literature to connect to readers across any time period or society. Cited Shirin. Social Customs: The Representation of Food in Three West African “Subverting Francophone Novels.” 39.3 (2008): 39-50. Web. Research in African Literatures JSTOR. 20 May 2016. Gardaphe, F. L., and W. Xu. Food in Literatures.” MELUS: “Introduction: 32.4 (2007): 5-10. Web. 3 June 2016. Literature of the United States JSTOR. Kawabata, Yasunari. Kawabata - Nobel Lecture: Japan, the Beautiful and “Yasunari Myself.” Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 4 Jun 2016. Nobelprize.org. Kawabata, Yasunari, and Edward G. Seidensticker. New York: Random Thousand Cranes. 1996. Print. and Trevor Le Gassiek. New York: Anchor, 1992. Print. Alley. Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isaevich, Max Hayward, Ronald Hingley, and Leopold Labedz. One New York: Praeger, 1963. Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. Steinbeck, John. New York: Penguin, 2006. Print. The Grapes of Wrath. Zirakzadeh, Cyrus Ernesto. Steinbeck on the Political Capacities of Everyday Folk: Moms, “John Reds, and Ma Joad's Revolt.” 36.4 (2004): 595-618.JSTOR. Web. 3 June 2016. Polity
of food is used in a novel to represent the failing system of government, as Steinbeck and Solzhenitsyn did, or whether it was used to represent a loss of culture to the modern world, as Mahfouz and Kawabata did, food is used as a critical part of culture and literature to connect to readers across any time period or society. Cited Shirin. “Subverting Social Customs: The Representation of Food in Three West African Francophone Novels.” Research in African Literatures 39.3 (2008): 39-50. JSTOR. Web. 20 May 2016. Gardaphe, F. L., and W. Xu. “Introduction: Food in Literatures.” MELUS: Literature of the United States 32.4 (2007): 5-10. JSTOR. Web. 3 June 2016. Kawabata, Yasunari. “Yasunari Kawabata - Nobel Lecture: Japan, the Beautiful and Myself.” Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 4 Jun 2016. Kawabata, Yasunari, and Edward G. Seidensticker. Thousand Cranes. New York: Random 1996. Print. and Trevor Le Gassiek. Alley. New York: Anchor, 1992. Print. Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isaevich, Max Hayward, Ronald Hingley, and Leopold Labedz. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. New York: Praeger, 1963. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin, 2006. Print. Zirakzadeh, Cyrus Ernesto. “John Steinbeck on the Political Capacities of Everyday Folk: Moms, Reds, and Ma Joad's Revolt.” Polity 36.4 (2004): 595-618.JSTOR. Web. 3 June 2016.
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