Table 4. Average (± standard error, sample size; 95% confidence intervals are reported in parenthesis when the tests were not replicated) lethal concentrations of 50% of the test populations (LC50) at 48 h using CFT Legumine (Rotenone 5%) on Chiricahua leopard frog (Lithobates and northern leopard frog (L. at targeted Gosner stages chiricahuensis) pipiens) (GS) in greenhouse conditions. Nominal concentrations of rotenone were obtained from CFT Legumine formulation assuming the active ingredient (rotenone) is 5%. Species CFT Legumine (5%) Nominal Rotenone Gosner (mg/L) (ug/L) 0.42 mg/L 21.0 µg/L L. chiricahuensis GS 21-25 (± 0.125, n=3) Early: Pre-limb bud formation 1.03 mg/L 51.5 µg/L L. chiricahuensis GS 26-30 (± 0.073, n=3) Mid: Limb bud formed 1.30 mg/L 65.0 µg/L L. chiricahuensis GS 31-36 (± 0.037, n=2) Late: Toe differentiation hind limb complete 3.24 mg/L 162.0 µg/L L. chiricahuensis GS 37-40 (± 0.045, n=2) Early froglet: Prior to front limb development (Sub-lethal Exposure) 3.40 mg/L 170.0 µg/L L. chiricahuensis** GS 37-40 (3.13-3.70) froglet: Prior to front limb development 1.30 mg/L 65.0 µg/L L. pipiens GS 21-25 (1.21-1.41) Pre-limb bud formation 1.26 mg/L 63.0 µg/L L. pipiens GS 26-30 (1.16-1.36) Mid: Limb bud formed
Table 4. Average (± standard error, sample size; 95% confidence intervals are reported in parenthesis when the tests were not replicated) lethal concentrations of 50% of the test populations (LC50) at 48 h using CFT Legumine (Rotenone 5%) on Chiricahua leopard frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis) and northern leopard frog (L. pipiens) at targeted Gosner stages (GS) in greenhouse conditions. Nominal concentrations of rotenone were obtained from CFT Legumine formulation assuming the active ingredient (rotenone) is 5%. Species Gosner CFT Legumine (5%) (mg/L) Nominal Rotenone (ug/L) L. chiricahuensis GS 21-25 Early: Pre-limb bud formation 0.42 mg/L (± 0.125, n=3) 21.0 µg/L L. chiricahuensis GS 26-30 Mid: Limb bud formed 1.03 mg/L (± 0.073, n=3) 51.5 µg/L L. chiricahuensis GS 31-36 Late: Toe differentiation hind limb complete 1.30 mg/L (± 0.037, n=2) 65.0 µg/L L. chiricahuensis GS 37-40 Early froglet: Prior to front limb development 3.24 mg/L (± 0.045, n=2) 162.0 µg/L L. chiricahuensis** (Sub-lethal Exposure) GS 37-40 froglet: Prior to front limb development 3.40 mg/L (3.13-3.70) 170.0 µg/L L. pipiens GS 21-25 Pre-limb bud formation 1.30 mg/L (1.21-1.41) 65.0 µg/L L. pipiens GS 26-30 Mid: Limb bud formed 1.26 mg/L (1.16-1.36) 63.0 µg/L
Share%20with%20Wildlife%20Toxicity%20of%20Rotenone%20in%20amphibians.Caldwell%20Alvarez%20Boykin.2014-1.docx