ELABORATION: Brief explanation of the Black Power principles (black people should be • should control politics and politicians in their communities, defend themselves and fight back if necessary, develop and emphasize pride in their own culture 1964 Civil Rights Act passed: 1965 Voting Rights Act passed • Despite legal reforms and for Civil Rights Movement, a new militancy • ‘victory’ emerged among many African-Americans, because they were frustrated with the slow pace of real change Civil Rights activists experienced on-going violence in southern states from • segregationists Violence experienced by young African-American men in particular at the • hands of police Lack of jobs, poverty and inadequate provision of social services for • youth led to use of violence against the state Rebellions/riots erupted in northern between 1965 often • ‘ghettos’ –1969, triggered by police brutality Black Panther Party for Self Defence Wanted to advance people economically, socially and politically • Established neighbourhood patrols to protect communities from white police • harassment Operated survival programmes (services to the poor, free medical clinics • economic and political classes) Malcolm X Opposed Civil Rights multi-racial approach • Awakened Black consciousness • Promoted racial separation • Stokely Carmichael Coined the term Power’ • ‘Black Against non-violence • Encouraged self-determination and black identity •
ELABORATION: • Brief explanation of the Black Power principles (black people should be should control politics and politicians in their communities, defend themselves and fight back if necessary, develop and emphasize pride in their own culture • 1964 Civil Rights Act passed: 1965 Voting Rights Act passed • Despite legal reforms and ‘victory’ for Civil Rights Movement, a new militancy emerged among many African-Americans, because they were frustrated with the slow pace of real change • Civil Rights activists experienced on-going violence in southern states from segregationists • Violence experienced by young African-American men in particular at the hands of police • Lack of jobs, poverty and inadequate provision of social services for youth led to use of violence against the state • Rebellions/riots erupted in northern ‘ghettos’ between 1965 –1969, often triggered by police brutality Black Panther Party for Self Defence • Wanted to advance people economically, socially and politically • Established neighbourhood patrols to protect communities from white police harassment • Operated survival programmes (services to the poor, free medical clinics economic and political classes) Malcolm X • Opposed Civil Rights multi-racial approach • Awakened Black consciousness • Promoted racial separation Stokely Carmichael • Coined the term ‘Black Power’ • Against non-violence • Encouraged self-determination and black identity
SEPTEMBER_PAPER_1_MEMO_FINAL__AMENDED_2015SEPTEMBER%20PAPER%201%20MEMO%20FINAL%20%20AMENDED%202015_TM6cHL.docx