Chapter Outline 2.1 The Business Benefit 2.2 Learning Objectives 2.3 Networking Models 2.4 Open Architectures 2.5 Layered Architectures 2.4 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) 2.5 The Ethical Perspective 2.6 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) 2.7 Networking Categories 2.8 Chapter Summary 2.11 Keywords 2.12 Questions 2.13 Hands-On Projects 2.14 Research in Brief 2.15 Case Study Questions 2.16 in Focus: How the Layers Work Learning Objectives Explain networking models. ■ Describe open architectures. ■ List the benefits of layered architectures. ■ Understand the OSI networking model. ■ Understand the TCP/IP networking model. ■ Identify four general categories of networks. ■ Chapter Summary Networks have both physical and logical components:the hardware devices that compose them and the softwarethat drives them. Networks are also onmodels. Open architecture models have some of thesame advantages as open standards. Two major modelsused in data communications are the open systemsinterconnection, or OSI, model and the transmissioncontrol protocol/Internet protocol, or TCP/IP, model. The two models share several characteristics, and eachmodel is well established and accepted by the dataand telecommunications industries. One of the mostimportant features they share is that both models arebased on the concept of layered architectures.A model is based on theory. The theoreticalmodel must then be implemented into a physicaldata communications network. In general, a networkfalls into one of four categories, based on the network’scharacteristics. A local area network (LAN) isusually contained within a limited geographic area.A backbone network (BN) is usually a high-speedcircuit that connects the various LANs within anenterprise.A
Chapter Outline 2.1 The Business Benefit 2.2 Learning Objectives 2.3 Networking Models 2.4 Open Architectures 2.5 Layered Architectures 2.4 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) 2.5 The Ethical Perspective 2.6 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) 2.7 Networking Categories 2.8 Chapter Summary 2.11 Keywords 2.12 Questions 2.13 Hands-On Projects 2.14 Research in Brief 2.15 Case Study Questions 2.16 in Focus: How the Layers Work Learning Objectives ■ Explain networking models. ■ Describe open architectures. ■ List the benefits of layered architectures. ■ Understand the OSI networking model. ■ Understand the TCP/IP networking model. ■ Identify four general categories of networks. Chapter Summary Networks have both physical and logical components:the hardware devices that compose them and the softwarethat drives them. Networks are also onmodels. Open architecture models have some of thesame advantages as open standards. Two major modelsused in data communications are the open systemsinterconnection, or OSI, model and the transmissioncontrol protocol/Internet protocol, or TCP/IP, model. The two models share several characteristics, and eachmodel is well established and accepted by the dataand telecommunications industries. One of the mostimportant features they share is that both models arebased on the concept of layered architectures.A model is based on theory. The theoreticalmodel must then be implemented into a physicaldata communications network. In general, a networkfalls into one of four categories, based on the network’scharacteristics. A local area network (LAN) isusually contained within a limited geographic area.A backbone network (BN) is usually a high-speedcircuit that connects the various LANs within anenterprise.A
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