Statement Guidance 4.2.U1 Most ecosystems rely on a supply of energy from sunlight. 4.2.U2 Light energy is converted to chemical energy in carbon compounds by photosynthesis. 4.2.U3 Chemical energy in carbon compounds flows through food Pyramids of number and biomass are not chains by means of feeding. required. Students should be that biomass in terrestrial ecosystems diminishes with energy along food chains due to loss of carbon dioxide, water and other waste products, such as urea.] 4.2.U4 Energy released from carbon compounds by respiration is used in living organisms and converted to heat. 4.2.U5 Living organisms cannot convert heat to other forms of energy. 4.2.U6 Heat is lost from ecosystems. 4.2.U7 Energy losses between trophic levels restrict the length of The distinction between energy flow in food chains and the biomass of higher trophic levels. ecosystems and cycling of inorganic nutrients should be stressed. Students should understand that there is a continuous but variable supply of energy in the form of sunlight but that the supply of nutrients in an ecosystem is finite and limited. 4.2.S1 Quantitative representations of energy flow using pyramids Pyramids of energy should be drawn to of energy. scale and should be stepped, not triangular. The terms producer, first consumer and second consumer and so on should be used, rather than first trophic level, second trophic level and so on. 4.3 Essential idea: Continued availability of carbon in ecosystems depends on carbon cycling. Understandings, Applications and Skills (This is what you maybe assessed on) Statement Guidance 4.3.U1 Autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and carbon compounds. 4.3.U2 In aquatic ecosystems carbon is present as dissolved carbon dioxide and hydrogen carbonate ions. 4.3.U3 Carbon dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs. 4.3.U4 Carbon dioxide is produced by respiration and diffuses out of organisms into or the atmosphere.
Statement Guidance 4.2.U1 Most ecosystems rely on a supply of energy from sunlight. 4.2.U2 Light energy is converted to chemical energy in carbon compounds by photosynthesis. 4.2.U3 Chemical energy in carbon compounds flows through food chains by means of feeding. Pyramids of number and biomass are not required. Students should be that biomass in terrestrial ecosystems diminishes with energy along food chains due to loss of carbon dioxide, water and other waste products, such as urea.] 4.2.U4 Energy released from carbon compounds by respiration is used in living organisms and converted to heat. 4.2.U5 Living organisms cannot convert heat to other forms of energy. 4.2.U6 Heat is lost from ecosystems. 4.2.U7 Energy losses between trophic levels restrict the length of food chains and the biomass of higher trophic levels. The distinction between energy flow in ecosystems and cycling of inorganic nutrients should be stressed. Students should understand that there is a continuous but variable supply of energy in the form of sunlight but that the supply of nutrients in an ecosystem is finite and limited. 4.2.S1 Quantitative representations of energy flow using pyramids of energy. Pyramids of energy should be drawn to scale and should be stepped, not triangular. The terms producer, first consumer and second consumer and so on should be used, rather than first trophic level, second trophic level and so on. 4.3 Essential idea: Continued availability of carbon in ecosystems depends on carbon cycling. Understandings, Applications and Skills (This is what you maybe assessed on) Statement Guidance 4.3.U1 Autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and carbon compounds. 4.3.U2 In aquatic ecosystems carbon is present as dissolved carbon dioxide and hydrogen carbonate ions. 4.3.U3 Carbon dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs. 4.3.U4 Carbon dioxide is produced by respiration and diffuses out of organisms into or the atmosphere.
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