made in requirements” and requirements”. The first include figures representing the “net “gross increase of enthalpy in the heated milk or the energy obtained by steam condensing in the processing machines or energy produced by electric motors moving the processing machines. The requirements” represent the amount of energy in furnace fuels and engine fuels “gross used to produce the equivalents of the respective requirements”. “net For all milk plants with modern equipment (both trial and small-scale) the efficiency coefficient for steam-raising plants was taken to be about 0.8 and about 0.5 for all other plants with steam boilers. The efficiency of milk heating with no use of steam as the intermediate medium was estimated at 0.1. In order to estimate the requirement” was equivalent for electric power “gross consumption, the requirement” was multiplied by the factor of 3.5 which illustrates the “net energy input/output ration in medium capacity electric generators. It should be borne in mind, however, that the application of this factor reflects better the requirement” of electric “gross power for small-scale plants than for modern industry which usually draw power from more effective systems. All consumption figures are expressed in kWh (1 kWh= 3.6 × 103 kJ= 860 kcal). Table 1. Specific energy requirement in modern milk processing plants Requirement-including CIP for one ton of milk processed into: Liquid Liquid products products in Skim Full Ripened cheeses in bottles one-way milk Type of containers and service milk Without with and milk whey whey butter T Net requirement Steam kg/t 250 300 100 150 880 830 190 700 440 Refrigeration total energy 50 40 50 40 60 45 70 70 45 equivalent Refrigeration electric 20 16 20 16 24 18 28 28 18 power requirement Heating 165 200 70 100 585 530 125 460 295 Electric power (total 55 70 50 90 90 80 75 100 60 requirement) TOTAL NET 220 270 120 190 675 610 200 560 355 Gross energy requirement For heating 205 250 90 125 730 660 155 575 370 (furnace fuel)
made in “net requirements” and “gross requirements”. The first include figures representing the increase of enthalpy in the heated milk or the energy obtained by steam condensing in the processing machines or energy produced by electric motors moving the processing machines. The “gross requirements” represent the amount of energy in furnace fuels and engine fuels used to produce the equivalents of the respective “net requirements”. For all milk plants with modern equipment (both and small-scale) the efficiency coefficient for steam-raising plants was taken to be about 0.8 and about 0.5 for all other plants with steam boilers. The efficiency of milk heating with no use of steam as the intermediate medium was estimated at 0.1. In order to estimate the “gross requirement” was equivalent for electric power consumption, the “net requirement” was multiplied by the factor of 3.5 which illustrates the energy input/output ration in medium capacity electric generators. It should be borne in mind, however, that the application of this factor reflects better the “gross requirement” of electric power for small-scale plants than for modern industry which usually draw power from more effective systems. All consumption figures are expressed in kWh (1 kWh= 3.6 × 103 kJ= 860 kcal). Table 1. Specific energy requirement in modern milk processing plants Type of service Requirement-including CIP for one ton of milk processed into: Liquid products in bottles Liquid products in one-way containers Skim milk and butter Full milk Ripened cheeses and milk Without whey with whey Net requirement Steam kg/t 250 300 100 150 880 830 190 700 440 Refrigeration total energy equivalent 50 40 50 40 60 45 70 70 45 Refrigeration electric power requirement 20 16 20 16 24 18 28 28 18 Heating 165 200 70 100 585 530 125 460 295 Electric power (total requirement) 55 70 50 90 90 80 75 100 60 TOTAL NET 220 270 120 190 675 610 200 560 355 Gross energy requirement For heating (furnace fuel) 205 250 90 125 730 660 155 575 370 T trial
Small%20Scale%20Milk%20Colection.docx