Krawczyk, Brazil 38 adult crack To explore crack cocaine Qualitative Design In Rio de Janeiro, most participants reported Qualitative Study limited 70% – cocaine users from users perspectives Convenience Sample frustration at health services. Many had in terms of its Filho, and Rio de Janeiro and regarding how social and 1:1 in-depth semi-structured experienced discrimination from staff, whereby genralisability Bastos. Sãn Paulo contextual factors influence interviews and Focus groups they described being treated rudely or with Self-Report data may lead (2015) use of health and social Interviews and Focus groups disgust to bias and socially services covered the following topics: Conversely, in Sãn Paulo, most participants desirable responses patterns of use of crack cocaine and reported having positive experiences with health other drugs, childhood and family services describing being treated with care and – history of use, motivations around attention drug use, violence, social norms, Participants’ experiences of stigma and perception of stigma and discrimination clearly vary from city to city and discrimination, availability and this may be influenced by variations in drug accessibility of health and social policies and overall attitudes to drug use across services, the different cities. Content Analysis Lincoln, USA 52 Staff from Drug To explore differences of Quantitative Design Staff, social work students and drug users’ Despite efforts to make 85% Berryman, treatment services staff, drug users and Cross Sectional design attitudes were found to be significantly different responses anonymous, and Linn. 36 Drug Users students’ attitudes towards Osgood’s Semantic Differential across all concepts Report data may lead to bias (1973) 24 First Year drug users. (Osgood, Suci, Tannenbaum, 1967) The most positive attitude of staff was towards and socially desirable Graduate Social was used to measure attitudes the police responses Workers towards drug users The most positive attitude of both the students No details about the concepts Participants were presented with the and the drug users was towards the marijuana – following concepts: Police, user Drug users in treatment – amphetamine user, marijuana user, The most negative attitude of both the staff and hence not generalizable to heroin user, LSD user, and pusher students was towards the pusher drug users 10 adjective pairs were selected The drug users most negative attitude was tied across six concepts and were between the pusher and heroin users summed to give an overall attitude Students responses were less positive than the score for each concept staffs with the exception on marijuana and – heroin use
Krawczyk, and Bastos. (2015) Brazil 38 adult crack cocaine users from Rio de Janeiro and Sãn Paulo To explore crack cocaine users perspectives regarding how social and contextual factors influence use of health and social services Qualitative Design Convenience Sample 1:1 in-depth semi-structured interviews and Focus groups Interviews and Focus groups covered the following topics: patterns of use of crack cocaine and other drugs, childhood and family history of use, motivations around drug use, violence, social norms, perception of stigma and discrimination, availability and accessibility of health and social services, Content Analysis In Rio de Janeiro, most participants reported frustration at health services. Many had experienced discrimination from staff, whereby they described being treated rudely or with disgust Conversely, in Sãn Paulo, most participants reported having positive experiences with health services – describing being treated with care and attention Participants’ experiences of stigma and discrimination clearly vary from city to city and this may be influenced by variations in drug policies and overall attitudes to drug use across the different cities. Qualitative Study – limited in terms of its genralisability Self-Report data may lead to bias and socially desirable responses 70% Lincoln, Berryman, and Linn. (1973) USA 52 Staff from Drug treatment services 36 Drug Users 24 First Year Graduate Social Workers To explore differences of staff, drug users and students’ attitudes towards drug users. Quantitative Design Cross Sectional design Osgood’s Semantic Differential (Osgood, Suci, Tannenbaum, 1967) was used to measure attitudes towards drug users Participants were presented with the following concepts: Police, amphetamine user, marijuana user, heroin user, LSD user, and pusher 10 adjective pairs were selected across six concepts and were summed to give an overall attitude score for each concept Staff, social work students and drug users’ attitudes were found to be significantly different across all concepts The most positive attitude of staff was towards the police The most positive attitude of both the students and the drug users was towards the marijuana user The most negative attitude of both the staff and students was towards the pusher The drug users most negative attitude was tied between the pusher and heroin users Students responses were less positive than the staffs – with the exception on marijuana and heroin use Despite efforts to make responses anonymous, data may lead to bias and socially desirable responses No details about the concepts – Drug users in treatment – hence not generalizable to drug users 85% Report Filho,
S.Salamat%20-%20Ethesis.docx