Strand 4: Geography The goal of the geography strand is to provide an understanding of the human and physical characteristics of the Earth’s places and regions and how people of different cultural backgrounds interact with their environment. Geographic reasoning is a way of studying human and natural features within a spatial perspective. Through the study of geography, students will be able to understand local, national, regional, and global issues. Students will interpret the arrangement and interactions of human and physical systems on the surface of the Earth. As these patterns have changed over time and are important to governments and economies, geographic reasoning will enhance students’ understanding of history civics, and economics. Concept 4: Human Systems Human cultures, their nature, and distribution affect societies and the Earth. Performance Objectives: Performance Objectives: Performance Objectives: Performance Objectives: Performance Objectives: Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 1 Describe the factors 1 Explain why and 1 Interpret the 1 Discuss the 1 Identify the push and pull (push and pull) that how boundaries demographic structure implications of the factors (e.g., economic have contributed to change (e.g., of places and regions demographic conditions, human rights the settlement, Westward a population structure of places conditions, famines, economic Expansion, Civil pyramid. and regions. political strife/wars, development (e.g., War, Mexican natural disasters, – mining, ranching, American War). changes in technology) agriculture, and that drive human tourism), and Connect with: migrations. growth of major Strand 1 Concept 5, Arizona cities. 6 2 Describe how 2 Explain the effects 2 Describe the 2 Describe the push and 2 Describe the effects (e.g., Mexico and Arizona (e.g., economic, environmental, pull factors (e.g., need economic environmental, are connected by cultural, economic, cultural, and for raw materials, cultural, political) of the movement of environmental, political effects of enslavement, human migrations on people, goods, and political) of human human migrations and employment places and regions. ideas. migration on places. cultural diffusion on opportunities, impact places and regions. of war, religious Connect with: freedom, political Strand 1 Concept 5 freedom) that cause Strand 2 Concept 5 human migrations. Strand 5 Concept 1 3 Describe how the 3 Analyze the causes and 3 Describe the effects of 3 Describe the building of effects of settlement human migration characteristics and transportation patterns. (e.g., imperialism, locations of various
Strand 4: Geography The goal of the geography strand is to provide an understanding of the human and physical characteristics of the Earth’s places and regions and how people of different cultural backgrounds interact with their environment. Geographic reasoning is a way of studying human and natural features within a spatial perspective. Through the study of geography, students will be able to understand local, national, regional, and global issues. Students will interpret the arrangement and interactions of human and physical systems on the surface of the Earth. As these patterns have changed over time and are important to governments and economies, geographic reasoning will enhance students’ understanding of history civics, and economics. Concept 4: Human Systems Human cultures, their nature, and distribution affect societies and the Earth. Performance Objectives: Performance Objectives: Performance Objectives: Performance Objectives: Performance Objectives: Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 1 Describe the factors (push and pull) that have contributed to the settlement, economic development (e.g., mining, ranching, agriculture, and tourism), and growth of major Arizona cities. 1 Explain why and how boundaries change (e.g., Westward Expansion, Civil War, Mexican – American War). Connect with: Strand 1 Concept 5, 6 1 Interpret the demographic structure of places and regions a population pyramid. 1 Discuss the implications of the demographic structure of places and regions. 1 Identify the push and pull factors (e.g., economic conditions, human rights conditions, famines, political strife/wars, natural disasters, changes in technology) that drive human migrations. 2 Describe how Mexico and Arizona are connected by the movement of people, goods, and ideas. 2 Explain the effects (e.g., economic, cultural, environmental, political) of human migration on places. Connect with: Strand 1 Concept 5 Strand 2 Concept 5 Strand 5 Concept 1 2 Describe the environmental, economic, cultural, and political effects of human migrations and cultural diffusion on places and regions. 2 Describe the push and pull factors (e.g., need for raw materials, enslavement, employment opportunities, impact of war, religious freedom, political freedom) that cause human migrations. 2 Describe the effects (e.g., economic environmental, cultural, political) of human migrations on places and regions. 3 Describe how the building of transportation 3 Analyze the causes and effects of settlement patterns. 3 Describe the effects of human migration (e.g., imperialism, 3 Describe the characteristics and locations of various
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