it cannot a full account of the actual of change.” theoretical construct, occurrence “…provide He further concludes that additional empirical testing would be useful. Table 3, below, encapsulates selected public administration activity since the 1930s depression. ACTORS/STATES CONDITIONS EFFECT ON BUREAUCRACY ACTIONS TAKEN F.D. Roosevelt, U.S. Depression; high Many lawyers joined Regulation of banks; unemployment; the government; government collapse of financial critical education challenged private markets; decline in created new public sector, e.g. in utilities production agencies such as TVA J.F. Kennedy/L.B. rights activism More lawyers joined Affirmative action; Johnson, U.S. the government as hiring quotas; school civil rights law bussing; legal implemented activism Reagan/Thatcher, Government seen as Emphasis on private Fired striking air U.S./UK problem” sector managerial controllers; “the “trickle practices; NPM down economics” Post-Communism, Collapse of New CEE A vetting process was CEE Communism; bureaucracies were established to attempt privatization; formed despite to screen out former structuring market probable path police and security systems dependencies personnel NATO/EU Common market; Politicized Negotiations between integrative bureaucracies required EU and members procedures; accession merit oriented, created organizational requirements technical skills challenges in Brussels and in member states EU ACCESSION OF Partial division of EU Certain members of EU withheld funds EU 12 15 and EU 12; old vs. EU 12 had continuing from Bulgaria and young members; difficulty in struggled with western vs. eastern eliminating Romania’s perceived Europe; some corruption; NPM corruption; EU antagonism to created horizontal members moved Deficit” and vertical away from NPM & “Democratic coordination problems toward JUG and Whole of Govt.
theoretical construct, it cannot “…provide a full account of the actual occurrence of change.” He further concludes that additional empirical testing would be useful. Table 3, below, encapsulates selected public administration activity since the 1930s depression. ACTORS/STATES CONDITIONS EFFECT ON BUREAUCRACY ACTIONS TAKEN F.D. Roosevelt, U.S. Depression; high unemployment; collapse of financial markets; decline in production Many lawyers joined the government; critical education created new public agencies Regulation of banks; government challenged private sector, e.g. in utilities such as TVA J.F. Kennedy/L.B. Johnson, U.S. rights activism More lawyers joined the government as civil rights law implemented Affirmative action; hiring quotas; school bussing; legal activism Reagan/Thatcher, U.S./UK Government seen as “the problem” Emphasis on private sector managerial practices; NPM Fired striking air controllers; “trickle down economics” Post-Communism, CEE Collapse of Communism; privatization; structuring market systems New CEE bureaucracies were formed despite probable path dependencies A vetting process was established to attempt to screen out former police and security personnel NATO/EU Common market; integrative procedures; accession requirements Politicized bureaucracies required merit oriented, technical skills Negotiations between EU and members created organizational challenges in Brussels and in member states EU ACCESSION OF EU 12 Partial division of EU 15 and EU 12; old vs. young members; western vs. eastern Europe; some antagonism to “Democratic Deficit” Certain members of EU 12 had continuing difficulty in eliminating corruption; NPM created horizontal and vertical coordination problems EU withheld funds from Bulgaria and struggled with Romania’s perceived corruption; EU members moved away from NPM & toward JUG and Whole of Govt.
201004091406020.Fuller_Reforming.docx