Confluence sites: Khartoum, Sudan Istanbul Command of straits and – (Confluence of Blue and White Nile); land bridge to Europe Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Mecca, Saudi Arabia (Islam); Hilltop sites: Rome, Athens, Varanasi, India (Hinduism) – Jerusalem religious cities Oasis sites: Damascus, Syria Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Xi’an, China; Sites where river narrows: London, Timbuktu, Mali; Singapore Cities – Quebec City that grew up along trade routes Timbuktu – Functions of Towns and Cities trade route Security, defense Singapore Strait of Malacca – Religious centers Samarkand and Xi’an Silk – Trade centers Road Government administration Cape Town, South Africa Supply – Manufacturing centers station for ships Service centers Omaha, Nebraska; Sacramento, California Cities that grew up along – Examples of changes in cities’ functions the U.S. Transcontinental Railroad over time Novosibirsk, Vladivostok Cities that – Rio de Janeiro Move of Brazil’s – grew up along the Trans-Siberian capital city from Rio de Janeiro to Railroad Brasilia Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – Influences of urban areas on their function connected to defense, then regions and countries became steel manufacturing center, Nation-building (monuments) later shifted to diverse services Transportation/communication New York City Changes in trade – hubs patterns, coastal and transatlantic Magnets for migration trade, trade from Great Lakes via Seed beds of new ideas and Erie Canal, worldwide trade and technologies finances Diversity leading to creativity in the Mining towns, towns “ghost” – arts resource depletion, changes in Universities, educational environment opportunities Corporate headquarters Media centers Problems associated with growth of urban areas Problems associated with growth of Transportation problems emerge, areas especially as automobile travel Providing essential services (fresh increases water, sewage, electricity, schools) Rich and poor neighborhoods exist Air, water, and noise pollution in different areas isolated from one Sprawl results in conversion of another agricultural land to urban uses Shantytowns In developing countries cities are more connected to regions outside the country than to regions within the country
Confluence sites: Khartoum, Sudan (Confluence of Blue and White Nile); Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Hilltop sites: Rome, Athens, Jerusalem Oasis sites: Damascus, Syria Sites where river narrows: London, Quebec City Functions of Towns and Cities Security, defense Religious centers Trade centers Government administration Manufacturing centers Service centers Examples of changes in cities’ functions over time Rio de Janeiro – Move of Brazil’s capital city from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – function connected to defense, then became steel manufacturing center, later shifted to diverse services New York City – Changes in trade patterns, coastal and transatlantic trade, trade from Great Lakes via Erie Canal, worldwide trade and finances Mining towns, “ghost” towns – resource depletion, changes in environment Problems associated with growth of areas Providing essential services (fresh water, sewage, electricity, schools) Air, water, and noise pollution Sprawl results in conversion of agricultural land to urban uses In developing countries cities are more connected to regions outside the country than to regions within the country Istanbul – Command of straits and land bridge to Europe Mecca, Saudi Arabia (Islam); Varanasi, India (Hinduism) – religious cities Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Xi’an, China; Timbuktu, Mali; Singapore – Cities that grew up along trade routes Timbuktu – trade route Singapore – Strait of Malacca Samarkand and Xi’an – Silk Road Cape Town, South Africa – Supply station for ships Omaha, Nebraska; Sacramento, California – Cities that grew up along the U.S. Transcontinental Railroad Novosibirsk, Vladivostok – Cities that grew up along the Trans-Siberian Railroad Influences of urban areas on their regions and countries Nation-building (monuments) Transportation/communication hubs Magnets for migration Seed beds of new ideas and technologies Diversity leading to creativity in the arts Universities, educational opportunities Corporate headquarters Media centers Problems associated with growth of urban areas Transportation problems emerge, especially as automobile travel increases Rich and poor neighborhoods exist in different areas isolated from one another Shantytowns
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