In the late 1700’s and early 1800’s the Reform Movement began, bettering the quality of institutions and the treatment for patients. Two major leaders of the Reform Movement were Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) and Dorothea Dix (1802-1887). Kearney & Trull describe the Bicêtre, a mental hospital in Paris, changes that Pinel made when he was put in charge of La in 1793 (pg. 12). He allowed patients to exercise and have access to the grounds, as well as required larger, single rooms, advocated treating patients with care, and outlawed physical punishment. Pinel believed in the goodness of all men,” which led him to “basic be the first to remove chains and restraints from mentally ill patients (Mackler & Bernstein, 1966, pg 714). Dorothea Dix played a great role in changing how society viewed the mentally ill in the early 1800’s. By raising awareness of the abysmal states of many institutions and gaining political support for her cause, she was able to establish new hospitals and ensure that they ran safely and more humanely (Kearney & Trull, pg. 12). Clark points out that she frequently returned to her established hospitals to ensure that they were running as she saw fit (Clark, pg. 36) With the improvements to institutions made by both Pinel and Dix, patients in institutions received all around better care and were able to prosper and rehabilitate as they never had before. The time after the Reform Movement that the institutionalization of people with schizophrenia and other mental disorders declined rapidly and continuously was the mid-1950’s (Nemade & Dombeck, Institutionalization & Deinstitutionalization). The reason for this was the creation of antipsychotic medication, particularly chlorpromazine, which was the first of the anti-psychotic drugs to become widely available (Warner,
In the late 1700’s and early 1800’s the Reform Movement began, bettering the quality of institutions and the treatment for patients. Two major leaders of the Reform Movement were Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) and Dorothea Dix (1802-1887). Kearney & Trull describe the changes that Pinel made when he was put in charge of La Bicêtre, a mental hospital in Paris, in 1793 (pg. 12). He allowed patients to exercise and have access to the grounds, as well as required larger, single rooms, advocated treating patients with care, and outlawed physical punishment. Pinel believed in the “basic goodness of all men,” which led him to be the first to remove chains and restraints from mentally ill patients (Mackler & Bernstein, 1966, pg 714). Dorothea Dix played a great role in changing how society viewed the mentally ill in the early 1800’s. By raising awareness of the abysmal states of many institutions and gaining political support for her cause, she was able to establish new hospitals and ensure that they ran safely and more humanely (Kearney & Trull, pg. 12). Clark points out that she frequently returned to her established hospitals to ensure that they were running as she saw fit (Clark, pg. 36) With the improvements to institutions made by both Pinel and Dix, patients in institutions received all around better care and were able to prosper and rehabilitate as they never had before. The time after the Reform Movement that the institutionalization of people with schizophrenia and other mental disorders declined rapidly and continuously was the mid-1950’s (Nemade & Dombeck, Institutionalization & Deinstitutionalization). The reason for this was the creation of antipsychotic medication, particularly chlorpromazine, which was the first of the anti-psychotic drugs to become widely available (Warner,
soc195-2.docx