shrubsteppe, when breeding coniferous forests and/or wintering in grasslands. Curlews breeding in shrubsteppe habitats probably respond negatively to grazing. + / - Grazing Multiple Multiple N/A Literature Review Grazing may be Dechant 1999 beneficial if done at the right time and taking environmental factors into account. Avoid grazing during incubation. Reduction of tall veg is beneficial. + Grazing Nebraska Grazed and Unknown Unknown Curlews present on Cole and ungrazed pasture grazed areas, and Sharpe 1976 b not present in ungrazed pasture. + Grazing Comanche Grassland Unknown Unknown Long-billed Curlew King 1978 c National prefer heavily Grassland, CO grazed shortgrass habitats. + / - Dragging Multiple Multiple N/A Literature Review Dragging hayfields Dechant 1999 can have varying effects. Should be done after breeding season. 0 Pesticides Umatilla Varied, including of death Investigated Detrimental effects Blus et al. National Wildlife shrub-steppe organochlorine but extent of impact 1985 Refuge, OR residues in eggs and unclear. tissues of curlews - Invasive South Central Sagebrush Steppe Bird / Walking transects As a ground nester, Brandt and species WA interspersed with frequency of expected to benefit Rickard 1994 – Cheatgrass occurrence from reduction of
shrubsteppe, coniferous forests when breeding and/or wintering in grasslands. Curlews breeding in shrubsteppe habitats probably respond negatively to grazing. Grazing + / - Multiple Multiple N/A Literature Review Grazing may be beneficial if done at the right time and taking environmental factors into account. Avoid grazing during incubation. Reduction of tall veg is beneficial. Dechant 1999 Grazing + Nebraska Grazed and ungrazed pasture Unknown Unknown Curlews present on grazed areas, and not present in ungrazed pasture. Cole and Sharpe 1976 b Grazing + Comanche National Grassland, CO Grassland Unknown Unknown Long-billed Curlew prefer heavily grazed shortgrass habitats. King 1978 c Dragging + / - Multiple Multiple N/A Literature Review Dragging hayfields can have varying effects. Should be done after breeding season. Dechant 1999 Pesticides 0 Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge, OR Varied, including shrub-steppe of death Investigated organochlorine residues in eggs and tissues of curlews Detrimental effects but extent of impact unclear. Blus et al. 1985 Invasive species – Cheatgrass - South Central WA Sagebrush Steppe interspersed with Bird / frequency of occurrence Walking transects As a ground nester, expected to benefit from reduction of Brandt and Rickard 1994
Sagebrush%20birds%20WAFWA%20draft%2010-27-16.docx