The Norbeck Social experiencing threats Support Scale, Infant Past (Time 1) and versus actual violence. Toddler Social and current (Time 2) DV Emotional Assessment, were related to maternal Posttraumatic Stress mental health. At both Scale for Family times points, Violence, Brief experiencing more DV Symptom Inventory, was negatively Beck Depression associated with mental Inventory, and the health. Social support Rosenberg Self-Esteem was directly and Scale were administered positively related to at Time 2. mental health. DV reported at Time 1 was directly related to infants’ externalizing behaviors. Levendosky, Lynch, 95 mothers recruited The Conflict Tactics Narratives were coded Interviews were in Sample was recruited & Graham-Bermann from community Scales and the Violence by four trained coders. duration and lacked from diverse locations. (2000) locations (n = 61) and Against Women Scales depth. Lacks a thorough questions DV shelters (n = 34). were used to assess Similar responses were description of the provided a more Mothers reported high physical and grouped into categories methods of analysis. look at mothers’ levels of frequent and psychological violence. for each question. perceptions of severe DV. Sample was Mothers were also asked No differentiation parenting and how they predominately low about threats of violence The majority of mothers on severity and believe DV influences income. and verbal abuse. believed that DV frequency of DV. their parenting and affected their parenting affects their children. Open-ended questions and that they would be Cross-sectional design were asked about how different parents if they limits ability to compare DV had affected their did not have a violent mothers currently in a parenting, if there were partner. Mothers relationship to those times when it is was reported both negative who have left. more difficult to parent and positive influences and why, and what kind of DV on their parenting of parent they would be (e.g., positive in that they if they did not have a sought resources to violent partner. respond to DV on behalf of their children.) Mothers’ narratives reflected awareness and
The Norbeck Social Support Scale, Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment, Posttraumatic Stress Scale for Family Violence, Brief Symptom Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered at Time 2. Past (Time 1) and current (Time 2) DV were related to maternal mental health. At both times points, experiencing more DV was negatively associated with mental health. Social support was directly and positively related to mental health. DV reported at Time 1 was directly related to infants’ externalizing behaviors. experiencing threats versus actual violence. Levendosky, Lynch, & Graham-Bermann (2000) 95 mothers recruited from community locations (n = 61) and DV shelters (n = 34). Mothers reported high levels of frequent and severe DV. Sample was predominately low income. The Conflict Tactics Scales and the Violence Against Women Scales were used to assess physical and psychological violence. Mothers were also asked about threats of violence and verbal abuse. Open-ended questions were asked about how DV had affected their parenting, if there were times when it is was more difficult to parent and why, and what kind of parent they would be if they did not have a violent partner. Narratives were coded by four trained coders. Similar responses were grouped into categories for each question. The majority of mothers believed that DV affected their parenting and that they would be different parents if they did not have a violent partner. Mothers reported both negative and positive influences of DV on their parenting (e.g., positive in that they sought resources to respond to DV on behalf of their children.) Mothers’ narratives reflected awareness and Interviews were in duration and lacked depth. Lacks a thorough description of the methods of analysis. No differentiation on severity and frequency of DV. Cross-sectional design limits ability to compare mothers currently in a relationship to those who have left. Sample was recruited from diverse locations. questions provided a more look at mothers’ perceptions of parenting and how they believe DV influences their parenting and affects their children.
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