interventions were evidence of part of this study. increased risk for The study was recurrent stroke aimed at and all cause death determining post initial stroke, likelihood of death but did not discuss and the cause of any interventions death in specific made after the time frames post initial stroke. stroke. - Outcomes measured: The outcomes showed the risk of recurrent stroke, MI, vascular death or all cause death. These results were shown in intervals of 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 4 years. Lawrence, M., Fraser, H., Woods, C., & The purpose is to - Design: Review of relevant Strengths: McCall, J. (2011). Secondary provide a review Integrative review findings are related prevention of stroke and transient summary for - Sampling to each specific The information ischemic attack. application to method: This lifestyle change. for this article was Nursing Standard, 41-46 practice to article reviews - Tobacco use: gathered by 26(9), determine if evidence related to Smoking doubles individuals who LOE: Level V certain behavioral lifestyle changes the risk of ischemic were highly changes can assist and their influence stroke. The risk of educated in in prevention of on reducing stroke is related research and stroke or TIA. secondary stroke. proportionally to strokes. There did There was not a the number of not appear to be sample group for cigarettes the any bias in the this article. individual smokes article. There are - Sample size: daily. Five years several different This article after smoking lifestyle changes reviews evidence cessation, the risk and modifications related to lifestyle of stroke returns to that when made changes and their that of a can decrease the influence on nonsmoker. risk of a second reducing - Diet: The overall stroke. The article secondary stroke. risk of stroke is provides specific There was not a closely related to information related sample group for the amount of fat a to each lifestyle this article. person consumes. changes and how it - description Reducing salt influences stroke of interventions intake can also risk. (if any): The decrease the risk of article reviewed a stroke. lifestyle changes - Obesity: Although Weaknesses: including diet, there are no obesity, alcohol specific research The fact that this usage, physical studies to show that article was an obesity is a risk integrated review
interventions were part of this study. The study was aimed at determining likelihood of death and the cause of death in specific time frames post stroke. - Outcomes measured: The outcomes showed the risk of recurrent stroke, MI, vascular death or all cause death. These results were shown in intervals of 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 4 years. evidence of increased risk for recurrent stroke and all cause death post initial stroke, but did not discuss any interventions made after the initial stroke. Lawrence, M., Fraser, H., Woods, C., & McCall, J. (2011). Secondary prevention of stroke and transient ischemic attack. Nursing Standard, 26(9), 41-46 LOE: Level V The purpose is to provide a review summary for application to practice to determine if certain behavioral changes can assist in prevention of stroke or TIA. - Design: Integrative review - Sampling method: This article reviews evidence related to lifestyle changes and their influence on reducing secondary stroke. There was not a sample group for this article. - Sample size: This article reviews evidence related to lifestyle changes and their influence on reducing secondary stroke. There was not a sample group for this article. - description of interventions (if any): The article reviewed lifestyle changes including diet, obesity, alcohol usage, physical Review of relevant findings are related to each specific lifestyle change. - Tobacco use: Smoking doubles the risk of ischemic stroke. The risk of stroke is related proportionally to the number of cigarettes the individual smokes daily. Five years after smoking cessation, the risk of stroke returns to that of a nonsmoker. - Diet: The overall risk of stroke is closely related to the amount of fat a person consumes. Reducing salt intake can also decrease the risk of a stroke. - Obesity: Although there are no specific research studies to show that obesity is a risk Strengths: The information for this article was gathered by individuals who were highly educated in research and strokes. There did not appear to be any bias in the article. There are several different lifestyle changes and modifications that when made can decrease the risk of a second stroke. The article provides specific information related to each lifestyle changes and how it influences stroke risk. Weaknesses: The fact that this article was an integrated review
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