1. Vulnerabilities cannot be eliminated because natural selection is too weak and random (false) . Vulnerabilities are present for at least six evolutionary reasons. (true) 2. Selection shapes traits that benefit the species (false) Selection shapes traits that benefit genes (true) 3. Pathogens evolve to co-exist with hosts (false) Pathogens evolve to maximize replication (true) 4. Natural selection shapes health and longevity (false) Natural selection shapes the body to maximize reproduction (true) 5. Common genetic disease results from mutations that natural selection cannot eliminate (false) Common genetic disease often result from mutations interacting with novel environments (true) 6. Ageing results because body parts wear out (false) Ageing is often a result of pleiotropy (true) 7. Natural selection cannot influence anything after reproduction ends. (false) Natural selection continues after reproduction, because of inclusive fitness (true) In evolution one thing leads to another: Natural selection is a very powerful opportunistic process: even a slight variation will be selected if it aids survival and reproduction. Traits selected for one purpose can form the basis for the subsequent development of quite different traits. The classical example is the Napkin” “Self-Operating The New Answer: There are at least six EVOLUTIONARY reasons why natural selection leaves body vulnerable to disease: Mismatch with novel environments
1. Vulnerabilities cannot be eliminated because natural selection is too weak and random (false) . Vulnerabilities are present for at least six evolutionary reasons. (true) 2. Selection shapes traits that benefit the species (false) Selection shapes traits that benefit genes (true) 3. Pathogens evolve to co-exist with hosts (false) Pathogens evolve to maximize replication (true) 4. Natural selection shapes health and longevity (false) Natural selection shapes the body to maximize reproduction (true) 5. Common genetic disease results from mutations that natural selection cannot eliminate (false) Common genetic disease often result from mutations interacting with novel environments (true) 6. Ageing results because body parts wear out (false) Ageing is often a result of pleiotropy (true) 7. Natural selection cannot influence anything after reproduction ends. (false) Natural selection continues after reproduction, because of inclusive fitness (true) In evolution one thing leads to another: Natural selection is a very powerful opportunistic process: even a slight variation will be selected if it aids survival and reproduction. Traits selected for one purpose can form the basis for the subsequent development of quite different traits. The classical example is the “Self-Operating Napkin” The New Answer: There are at least six EVOLUTIONARY reasons why natural selection leaves body vulnerable to disease: Mismatch with novel environments
2.21Evolution%20and%20Medicine.docx