+ Grazing Central Plains Shortgrass Number observed Plot counts, roadside Found on both Giezentanner Experimental prairie counts, nest searches, and winter 1970 Range, northern territory pastures grazed at CO determinations, and heavy, moderate, and specimen collections. light levels. Showed preference for areas, and use negatively correlates with increasing plant biomass Grazing + Central Plains Shortgrass Relative abundance, Plot census, roadside Horned Lark most Giezentanner Experimental prairie distribution, and counts, collections abundant species on and 1969 Range, northern nesting density heavily-grazed CO with short vegetation during the summer. Also recorded on these plots during the winter. More prevalent on heavily grazed plots than lightly grazed plots + Grazing North Dakota Idle mixed- Density Unknown Density higher on Messmer twice-over rotation grazing system than grass/tame short-duration hayland, grazing, season-long, or idle. 4 years pasture, wet- no meadow pasture differences. Grazing + South-central Mixed-grass Density Census using a single Highest density on Arnold and ND prairie 400-m variable strip transects with lowest Higgins 1986 transect in each plot height-densities of vegetation (heavily grazed). Grazing to favor Horned Larks - Northern AZ Grassland Bird Distance sampling Tested bird abundance Rosenstock and abundance/density, along ecotone for Van Riper III expansion species richness woodland 2001 encroachment
Grazing + Central Plains Experimental Range, northern CO Shortgrass prairie Number observed Plot counts, roadside counts, nest searches, territory determinations, and specimen collections. Found on both and winter pastures grazed at heavy, moderate, and light levels. Showed preference for areas, and use negatively correlates with increasing plant biomass Giezentanner 1970 Grazing + Central Plains Experimental Range, northern CO Shortgrass prairie Relative abundance, distribution, and nesting density Plot census, roadside counts, collections Horned Lark most abundant species on heavily-grazed with short vegetation during the summer. Also recorded on these plots during the winter. More prevalent on heavily grazed plots than lightly grazed plots Giezentanner and 1969 Grazing + North Dakota Idle hayland, mixed- grass/tame pasture, wet- meadow pasture Density Unknown Density higher on twice-over rotation grazing system than short-duration grazing, season-long, or idle. 4 years no differences. Messmer Grazing + South-central ND Mixed-grass prairie Density Census using a single 400-m variable strip transect in each plot Highest density on transects with lowest height-densities of vegetation (heavily grazed). Grazing to favor Horned Larks Arnold and Higgins 1986 expansion - Northern AZ Grassland Bird abundance/density, species richness Distance sampling Tested bird abundance along ecotone for woodland encroachment Rosenstock and Van Riper III 2001
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