Women were not included in our analyses if they: did not receive the PTSD questionnaire (N=62,148, 53.4%), did not return the questionnaire (N=6,612, 5.8%), ever had T1D (N=22, 0.02%), had T2D at baseline in 1989 or before (N=357, 0.03%), were trauma exposed but did not report their age at worst trauma (N=2,826, 2.4%), or were missing PTSD symptoms (N=1,187, 1.0%). Women not included our study were similar to those included (N=49,739) in terms of cumulative incidence of T2D from 1989 to 2011 (5.5% versus 6.2%, p=0.13), and childhood somatotype (participants selected 1 of 9 pictograms of body size at age 5 years,; highest somatotype, 7.1% versus 6.8%, p=0.22). Parental T2D was slightly lower (maternal T2D, 12.2% versus 12.8%, p=0.02; paternal T2D, 14.7% versus 15.9%, p=0.001), and mean BMI at baseline was slightly higher (24.3 kg/m2 versus 23.9 kg/m2, p=0.006) in women not included in our study compared with those included. Statistical Analysis To determine whether women with PTSD symptoms were at greater risk for T2D, we calculated hazard ratios for T2D incidence with PTSD as the independent variable. Participants contributed person-time from baseline in 1989 until their last returned questionnaire, T2D diagnosis, or the end of follow-up in 2011. As women entered the study at ages 24 to 44 years, we used left-truncated Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale to calculate hazard ratios. To investigate the extent to which higher BMI in women with versus without PTSD accounted for possible increased risk of T2D in women with PTSD, we added BMI, updated biennially, as a time-varying covariate to the model. We estimated the extent to which elevated BMI in women with PTSD symptoms accounted for possible increased T2D incidence in this
Women were not included in our analyses if they: did not receive the PTSD questionnaire (N=62,148, 53.4%), did not return the questionnaire (N=6,612, 5.8%), ever had T1D (N=22, 0.02%), had T2D at baseline in 1989 or before (N=357, 0.03%), were trauma exposed but did not report their age at worst trauma (N=2,826, 2.4%), or were missing PTSD symptoms (N=1,187, 1.0%). Women not included our study were similar to those included (N=49,739) in terms of cumulative incidence of T2D from 1989 to 2011 (5.5% versus 6.2%, p=0.13), and childhood somatotype (participants selected 1 of 9 pictograms of body size at age 5 years,; highest somatotype, 7.1% versus 6.8%, p=0.22). Parental T2D was slightly lower (maternal T2D, 12.2% versus 12.8%, p=0.02; paternal T2D, 14.7% versus 15.9%, p=0.001), and mean BMI at baseline was slightly higher (24.3 kg/m2 versus 23.9 kg/m2, p=0.006) in women not included in our study compared with those included. Statistical Analysis To determine whether women with PTSD symptoms were at greater risk for T2D, we calculated hazard ratios for T2D incidence with PTSD as the independent variable. Participants contributed person-time from baseline in 1989 until their last returned questionnaire, T2D diagnosis, or the end of follow-up in 2011. As women entered the study at ages 24 to 44 years, we used left-truncated Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale to calculate hazard ratios. To investigate the extent to which higher BMI in women with versus without PTSD accounted for possible increased risk of T2D in women with PTSD, we added BMI, updated biennially, as a time-varying covariate to the model. We estimated the extent to which elevated BMI in women with PTSD symptoms accounted for possible increased T2D incidence in this
PTSD-T2D-JAMA-Psych-9.25.14.docx