COPD [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for a collection of lung diseases including chronic bronchitis, emphysema and chronic obstructive airways disease]: obstructive Bronchiectasis: obstructive [Involved are dilated, inflamed, and easily collapsible, resulting in airway obstruction and impaired clearance of secretions] cystic fibrosis: obstructive [It is characterized by abnormal transport of and across an , leading to thick, viscous secretions] pulmonary fibrosis: Restrictive non-productive pneumonia: restrictive (ie if was producing fluid further up the airways then could have an obstructive component too) Pneumothorax: restrictive Kyphoscoliosis: restrictive (curvature of the spine) Neurological and neuromuscular disorders resulting in difficulties activating respiratory muscles [like motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis, polio, or myasthenia gravis]: restrictive 19/11/13: Regulation of Breathing & Asleep) Los (from slides): [says we must understand blood gases (and know their normal values) and be able to interpret lung function (ie as well as the below)] Distinguish the primary purpose of the automatic reflex and the behavioural controller Define neuronal groups in the brainstem that make up the automatic reflex controller for breathing, and structures in higher brain areas (suprapontine) that drive behavioural (non-automatic) control of breathing. Explain how they can act independently or interact for control of the respiratory pump. Recall the sources of sensory input to the respiratory control system and the common motor outputs (also see Lecture 11) Explain the ventilatory response to increased arterial PCO2, decreased arterial PO2 Recognise breathlessness (“dyspnoea”) and to consider its role in breathing control (lectures 12,13&15). Recognise the effects on respiratory control of the neurological conditions; in’ ‘locked syndrome and central hypoventilation syndrome’ ‘congenital Explain the effect sleep on breathing and blood gases in healthy people Summarise the changes in chemosensitvity that occur during sleep and define the apnoeic threshold Explain how the changes in chemosensitivity and the apnoeic threshold led to central apnoea
COPD [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for a collection of lung diseases including chronic bronchitis, emphysema and chronic obstructive airways disease]: obstructive Bronchiectasis: obstructive [Involved are dilated, inflamed, and easily collapsible, resulting in airway obstruction and impaired clearance of secretions] cystic fibrosis: obstructive [It is characterized by abnormal transport of and across an , leading to thick, viscous secretions] pulmonary fibrosis: Restrictive non-productive pneumonia: restrictive (ie if was producing fluid further up the airways then could have an obstructive component too) Pneumothorax: restrictive Kyphoscoliosis: restrictive (curvature of the spine) Neurological and neuromuscular disorders resulting in difficulties activating respiratory muscles [like motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis, polio, or myasthenia gravis]: restrictive 19/11/13: Regulation of Breathing & Asleep) Los (from slides): [says we must understand blood gases (and know their normal values) and be able to interpret lung function (ie as well as the below)] Distinguish the primary purpose of the automatic reflex and the behavioural controller Define neuronal groups in the brainstem that make up the automatic reflex controller for breathing, and structures in higher brain areas (suprapontine) that drive behavioural (non-automatic) control of breathing. Explain how they can act independently or interact for control of the respiratory pump. Recall the sources of sensory input to the respiratory control system and the common motor outputs (also see Lecture 11) Explain the ventilatory response to increased arterial PCO2, decreased arterial PO2 Recognise breathlessness (“dyspnoea”) and to consider its role in breathing control (lectures 12,13&15). Recognise the effects on respiratory control of the neurological conditions; ‘locked in’ syndrome and ‘congenital central hypoventilation syndrome’ Explain the effect sleep on breathing and blood gases in healthy people Summarise the changes in chemosensitvity that occur during sleep and define the apnoeic threshold Explain how the changes in chemosensitivity and the apnoeic threshold led to central apnoea
Respiratory-notes-BETA.docx