at least slightly liberal compared to about 20 percent who identified themselves as at least slightly conservative, with the remainder seeing themselves as middle of the road (Gross and Simmons 2007, 26).Among political scientists, 50 percent identified themselves as Democrats and 6 percent as Republicans, with the remainder identifying themselves as independents (Gross and Simmons 2007: 31).So professors are politically biased in grading, and Democrats and if if Republicans liberals and conservatives are equally likely to be biased, the odds are about 3-to-1 that the bias will come from the left side of the aisle. is . However, under certain circumstances bias can be demonstrated empirically.For example, consider students say, X and Y.Let us assume that the X students receive generally higher scores from the professor than the Y students.Does this indicate bias? Not necessarily erhaps the X students actually deserve higher scores, in which case the estimator used to award scores is unbiased.To determine whether , let us assume that the X and Y characteristics can effectively be hidden from the professor.Under this scenario, if the grades do show not differences between the X and Y students, we can conclude that the knowledge of the attribute biased the , the grades are unbiased. professor’s grades;
at least slightly liberal compared to about 20 percent who identified themselves as at least slightly conservative, with the remainder seeing themselves as middle of the road (Gross and Simmons 2007, 26).Among political scientists, 50 percent identified themselves as Democrats and 6 percent as Republicans, with the remainder identifying themselves as independents (Gross and Simmons 2007: 31).So if professors are politically biased in grading, and if Democrats and Republicans liberals and conservatives are equally likely to be biased, the odds are about 3-to-1 that the bias will come from the left side of the aisle. is . However, under certain circumstances bias can be demonstrated empirically.For example, consider students say, X and Y.Let us assume that the X students receive generally higher scores from the professor than the Y students.Does this indicate bias? Not necessarily erhaps the X students actually deserve higher scores, in which case the estimator used to award scores is unbiased.To determine whether , let us assume that the X and Y characteristics can effectively be hidden from the professor.Under this scenario, if the grades do not show differences between the X and Y students, we can conclude that the knowledge of the attribute biased the professor’s grades; , the grades are unbiased.
POLITICAL-BIAS-IN-GRADING.docx