deep/subcortical WMAs may be appreciated as punctate, early confluent or confluent changes.() Figure 1-22 Figure 122 Classification of subcortical and deep white matter abnormalities on MR imaging Axial T2-weighted MR images demonstrate (a) Mild (grade 1), punctate lesions predominantly in the parietal lobe at the level of the corona radiata in a 42-year-old male with GA; (b) moderate (grade 2), early confluent WMAs in the peritrigonal regions from a 69-year-old male with a clinical presentation of ataxia and; (c) severe (grade 3), extensive confluent white matter hyperintense signal changes at the level of the basal ganglia in a 65-year-old male with “gluten encephalopathy”. (Images courtesy of Dr. Nigel Hoggard, University of Sheffield, UK). Prevalence In population-based studies, the prevalence of any WMA varies between 45% and 95%.() Table 1-9 displays the frequency of different types of WMAs, as shown on MR imaging in the community-dwelling (asymptomatic) Austrian Stroke Prevention Study.() Table 19 Prevalence of different types of WMAs in 993 participants (age range 45-87 years) from the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study* Periventricular WMAs Deep/subcortical WMAs Age (years) Caps/lining Halo (N=61) Punctate Early confluent Confluent (N=632) N (%) (N=586) (N=150) (N=76) N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%) <55 (N = 128) 66 (55.5 0 (0) 76 (59.3) 3 (2.3) 0 (0) 55-64 (N = 344) 203 (59.0) 5 (1.4) 236 (68.6) 17 (4.9) 9 (2.6)
deep/subcortical WMAs may be appreciated as punctate, early confluent or confluent changes.() Figure 1-22 Figure 122 Classification of subcortical and deep white matter abnormalities on MR imaging Axial T2-weighted MR images demonstrate (a) Mild (grade 1), punctate lesions predominantly in the parietal lobe at the level of the corona radiata in a 42-year-old male with GA; (b) moderate (grade 2), early confluent WMAs in the peritrigonal regions from a 69-year-old male with a clinical presentation of ataxia and; (c) severe (grade 3), extensive confluent white matter hyperintense signal changes at the level of the basal ganglia in a 65-year-old male with “gluten encephalopathy”. (Images courtesy of Dr. Nigel Hoggard, University of Sheffield, UK). Prevalence In population-based studies, the prevalence of any WMA varies between 45% and 95%.() Table 1-9 displays the frequency of different types of WMAs, as shown on MR imaging in the community-dwelling (asymptomatic) Austrian Stroke Prevention Study.() Table 19 Prevalence of different types of WMAs in 993 participants (age range 45-87 years) from the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study* Periventricular WMAs Deep/subcortical WMAs Age (years) Caps/lining (N=632) N (%) Halo (N=61) N (%) Punctate (N=586) N (%) Early confluent (N=150) N (%) Confluent (N=76) N (%) <55 (N = 128) 55-64 (N = 344) 66 (55.5 203 (59.0) 0 (0) 5 (1.4) 76 (59.3) 236 (68.6) 3 (2.3) 17 (4.9) 0 (0) 9 (2.6)
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