Subtract expected Divide previous Row x column / total Square from observed value by expected = expected frequency previous value, ignoring value (O-E)2 (E) signs (O-E) (O-E)2/E Cell A 10.5 2.25 Cell B 21x19/38= 10.5 2.25
Row x column / total = expected frequency (E) Subtract expected from observed value, ignoring signs (O-E) Square previous (O-E)2 Divide previous value by expected value (O-E)2/E Cell A 10.5 2.25 Cell B 21x19/38= 10.5 2.25
research_methods_booklet_2014-2015.docx