Define decidua; name its parts (2 marks). Describe two umbilical cord anomalies that affect the life of the foetus? (2 marks) June 2012 Case 1. A police man presented to the doctor with large tortuous veins in his right leg .The doctor diagnosed varicose veins and advised him not to stand for long periods. Explain the occurrence of varicose veins in this patient? (2 marks) Give beginning, course and termination of the great saphenous vein. (3 marks) What is by perforating veins? (2 marks) Case 2: A 36 year old woman complained of a painless swelling in the groin. The doctor found a 3x3 cms. Mass situated below & lateral to the pubic tubercle on the front of left thigh. If this is a femoral hernia, is it common in males or females? Give reasons. (2 marks) What are the boundaries of the femoral ring? (4 marks) Which structure would be in danger during surgical repair of this hernia? (1 mark) What are the contents of the femoral canal? (2 marks) Case 3: A 32 year old diabetic woman delivered a large baby after a difficult labor in which the baby ,s head emerged ,but the shoulders were stuck requiring the doctor to supply some effort to free it up and complete the delivery. The baby appeared healthy buy his mother noted that the right arm was held in an abnormal position and was not moving as left arm. Name the clinical problem that affected the baby ,s right arm. (1 mark) Which nerve roots are probably affected? (1 mark) Name the deformity resulting from that injury? (1 mark) Explain the position by the affected arm? (1 mark) Can you locate the area of sensory loss in this condition? (1 mark) Case 4: A 52-year-old noted amass in medial of her left breast .the physician noticed that the mass was adherent to the underlying muscle .The surgeon removed the breast mass in addition to some lymph nodes . The pathologist confirms the diagnosis as breast cancer. Which lymph nodes are most likely to be affected? (1 mark) To which muscle was the mass attached? (1 mark) What possibly be the skin changes in breast cancer? (1 mark) If after surgery the patient could not raise her arm to the level of head which nerve could be injured? (1 mark)
Define decidua; name its parts (2 marks). Describe two umbilical cord anomalies that affect the life of the foetus? (2 marks) June 2012 Case 1. A police man presented to the doctor with large tortuous veins in his right leg .The doctor diagnosed varicose veins and advised him not to stand for long periods. Explain the occurrence of varicose veins in this patient? (2 marks) Give beginning, course and termination of the great saphenous vein. (3 marks) What is by perforating veins? (2 marks) Case 2: A 36 year old woman complained of a painless swelling in the groin. The doctor found a 3x3 cms. Mass situated below & lateral to the pubic tubercle on the front of left thigh. If this is a femoral hernia, is it common in males or females? Give reasons. (2 marks) What are the boundaries of the femoral ring? (4 marks) Which structure would be in danger during surgical repair of this hernia? (1 mark) What are the contents of the femoral canal? (2 marks) Case 3: A 32 year old diabetic woman delivered a large baby after a difficult labor in which the baby ,s head emerged ,but the shoulders were stuck requiring the doctor to supply some effort to free it up and complete the delivery. The baby appeared healthy buy his mother noted that the right arm was held in an abnormal position and was not moving as left arm. Name the clinical problem that affected the baby ,s right arm. (1 mark) Which nerve roots are probably affected? (1 mark) Name the deformity resulting from that injury? (1 mark) Explain the position by the affected arm? (1 mark) Can you locate the area of sensory loss in this condition? (1 mark) Case 4: A 52-year-old noted amass in medial of her left breast .the physician noticed that the mass was adherent to the underlying muscle .The surgeon removed the breast mass in addition to some lymph nodes . The pathologist confirms the diagnosis as breast cancer. Which lymph nodes are most likely to be affected? (1 mark) To which muscle was the mass attached? (1 mark) What possibly be the skin changes in breast cancer? (1 mark) If after surgery the patient could not raise her arm to the level of head which nerve could be injured? (1 mark)
1st_year_exam_201606072740.docx