Reduce anxiety and at higher doses induce drowsiness (sedatives) and sleep (hypnotics) Prescribed for short periods to avoid tolerance and dependence Gradual withdrawal to prevent withdrawal effects Buspirone Beta-blockers (eg propanolol) Benzodiazepines Antipsychotic Medication Group Examples Unwanted Effects Haloperidol ‘Typical’ More Chlorpromazine Clozapine ‘Atypical’ Less Olanzepine Extrapyramidal side-effects: Acute dystonia (eg tongue protrusion, grimace, ocular spasm) Akathisia (inability to remain still) Parkinsonism (expressionless face, akinesia, rigidity, tremor) Tardive dyskinesia (chewing and sucking, grimacing) Antidepressant Medication Type Examples Unwanted Effects Use Dry mouth Tricyclic Antidepressants Amitriptyline Constipation Moderate/severe (TCAs) Imipramine Drowsiness depression Arrhythmia Paroxetine GI disturbance Selective Serotonin Reuptake Fluoxetine Insomnia Mild/moderate Inhibitors (SSRIs) Fluvoxamine Agitation depression Sertraline Sexual dysfunction Dry mouth Monoamine Oxidase Phenelzine Constipation Started by specialist Inhibitors (MAOIs) Isocarboxazid Headache Tremor TCAs - toxicity in overdose MAOIs - complex interactions with various chemicals and foods Mood Stabilisers Lithium Carbamazepine Sodium valproate
Reduce anxiety and at higher doses induce drowsiness (sedatives) and sleep (hypnotics) Prescribed for short periods to avoid tolerance and dependence Gradual withdrawal to prevent withdrawal effects Buspirone Beta-blockers (eg propanolol) Benzodiazepines Antipsychotic Medication Group Examples Unwanted Effects ‘Typical’ Haloperidol Chlorpromazine More ‘Atypical’ Clozapine Olanzepine Less Extrapyramidal side-effects: Acute dystonia (eg tongue protrusion, grimace, ocular spasm) Akathisia (inability to remain still) Parkinsonism (expressionless face, akinesia, rigidity, tremor) Tardive dyskinesia (chewing and sucking, grimacing) Antidepressant Medication Type Examples Unwanted Effects Use Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Amitriptyline Imipramine Dry mouth Constipation Drowsiness Arrhythmia Moderate/severe depression Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Paroxetine Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Sertraline GI disturbance Insomnia Agitation Sexual dysfunction Mild/moderate depression Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Phenelzine Isocarboxazid Dry mouth Constipation Headache Tremor Started by specialist TCAs - toxicity in overdose MAOIs - complex interactions with various chemicals and foods Mood Stabilisers Lithium Carbamazepine Sodium valproate
Psych-Revision-Notes.docx