and new forms of credit and monetization (bills of exchange, credit, dhow • • junk • checks/banking houses) checks • cash” • “flying New state practices (the minting of coins, use of paper money) • 3.1.I.D What factors encouraged com- New trading organizations (the Hanseatic League) • mercial growth? New state-sponsored commercial infrastructures (Grand Canal in • China) The expansion of existing empires (China, Byzantine Empire, 3.1.8.E How did the expansion of empires & Caliphates) as well as new empires (Mongols) facilitated trans-Eurasian trade networks affect the relationship trade and communication as new peoples were drawn into their between peoples inside vs. outside those conquerors’ economies and trade networks. “zones?” 3.1.II What were the effects of migration? The expansion and intensification of long-distance trade routes often depended on people’s understanding of a particular regional environment and their subsequent technological adaptations to them. 3.1.II.A What basic understandings of the way Scandinavian Vikings used longboats to travel in coastal & • environment and technology did post- open rivers & estuaries classical traders need to conduct their the Arabs and Berbers adapted camels to travel across and around the • business? Sahara central Asian pastoral groups used horses to travel in the steppes) • 3.1.II.B What were the environmental effects Some migrations had significant environmental impact. of migration? the migration of the agricultural Bantu-speaking peoples in forested • regions of Sub-Saharan Africa the maritime migrations of the Polynesian peoples who cultivated • transplanted foods & domesticated animals as they moved to new islands 3.1.II.C linguistic effects of migration? Some migrations and commercial contacts led to the diffusion of … languages throughout a new region or the emergence of new languages the spread of Bantu languages • the new language of Swahili which developed in E African coastal • areas the spread of Turkic and Arabic languages • 3.1.III How did networks as a whole exchanges were fostered by the intensification of existing or develop in the post-classical era? the creation of new networks of trade & communication.
3.1.I.D What factors encouraged com- mercial growth? 3.1.8.E How did the expansion of empires & trade networks affect the relationship between peoples inside vs. outside those “zones?” • and new forms of credit and monetization (bills of exchange, credit, checks/banking houses) • New state practices (the minting of coins, use of paper money) • New trading organizations (the Hanseatic League) • New state-sponsored commercial infrastructures (Grand Canal in China) The expansion of existing empires (China, Byzantine Empire, Caliphates) as well as new empires (Mongols) facilitated trans-Eurasian trade and communication as new peoples were drawn into their conquerors’ economies and trade networks. • dhow • junk • checks • “flying cash” 3.1.II What were the effects of migration? 3.1.II.A What basic understandings of environment and technology did post- classical traders need to conduct their business? 3.1.II.B What were the environmental effects of migration? 3.1.II.C … linguistic effects of migration? The expansion and intensification of long-distance trade routes often depended on people’s understanding of a particular regional environment and their subsequent technological adaptations to them. • the way Scandinavian Vikings used longboats to travel in coastal & open rivers & estuaries • the Arabs and Berbers adapted camels to travel across and around the Sahara • central Asian pastoral groups used horses to travel in the steppes) Some migrations had significant environmental impact. • the migration of the agricultural Bantu-speaking peoples in forested regions of Sub-Saharan Africa • the maritime migrations of the Polynesian peoples who cultivated transplanted foods & domesticated animals as they moved to new islands Some migrations and commercial contacts led to the diffusion of languages throughout a new region or the emergence of new languages • the spread of Bantu languages • the new language of Swahili which developed in E African coastal areas • the spread of Turkic and Arabic languages 3.1.III How did networks as a whole develop in the post-classical era? exchanges were fostered by the intensification of existing or the creation of new networks of trade & communication.
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