Command words and Key words Command words are the words and phrases used in exams that tell students how they should answer a question. A scientific statement that explains Hypothesis Anomaly A result that does not fit the pattern certain facts or observations This describes what you think will How close the reading is to the true Prediction Accuracy happen in an experiment value This is the variable that is changed This is the real value of a measurement in during an investigation. There True an experiment variable should only be one of these. This is the variable that changes as This is determined by the on the Dependent a result of a change in the Precision measuring apparatus e.g. a ruler marked variable independent variable mm is more precise than one in cm Variables that remain constant, to The smallest change that can be read Control make sure that an investigation is Resolution from a measuring device for example a variable valid ruler measured in mm or cm When we make sure that measuring This is only the independent apparatus is making correct readings e.g. Fair test variable is changed and the others Calibration the temperature of melting ice is 0 controlled degrees Celsius The results and conclusions will be Measurement The difference between the real value and Valid this if the variables are correctly error the measured value controlled This error causes measurements to be A variable that can be described by Categoric spread around the true value can be – a or category such as colour Random variable reduced by taking repeats and calculating or surface a mean Continuous A variable which can have any When a piece of measuring equipment Zero error variable numerical value should be reading zero but it doesn’t This is an that is always the same for This is the difference between the Systematic Interval each repeat usually because of an error – values of your independent variable error in the equipment used The maximum and minimum values When the results obtained are not as Range of the independent or dependent Uncertainty accurate as they could be due to the variables e.g. 10cm to 50cm’ procedure carried out ‘from If the same person can get the same Information or measurements that Data Repeatable reading using the same equipment and you collect method If another person can get the same result (trend/specific results) using the same Datum One of information Reproducible method and equipment or with different method or equipment.
Command words and Key words Command words are the words and phrases used in exams that tell students how they should answer a question. Hypothesis A scientific statement that explains certain facts or observations Anomaly A result that does not fit the pattern Prediction This describes what you think will happen in an experiment Accuracy How close the reading is to the true value variable This is the variable that is changed during an investigation. There should only be one of these. True This is the real value of a measurement in an experiment Dependent variable This is the variable that changes as a result of a change in the independent variable Precision This is determined by the on the measuring apparatus e.g. a ruler marked mm is more precise than one in cm Control variable Variables that remain constant, to make sure that an investigation is valid Resolution The smallest change that can be read from a measuring device for example a ruler measured in mm or cm Fair test This is only the independent variable is changed and the others controlled Calibration When we make sure that measuring apparatus is making correct readings e.g. the temperature of melting ice is 0 degrees Celsius Valid The results and conclusions will be this if the variables are correctly controlled Measurement error The difference between the real value and the measured value Categoric variable A variable that can be described by a or category such as colour or surface Random This error causes measurements to be spread around the true value – can be reduced by taking repeats and calculating a mean Continuous variable A variable which can have any numerical value Zero error When a piece of measuring equipment should be reading zero but it doesn’t Interval This is the difference between the values of your independent variable Systematic error This is an that is always the same for each repeat – usually because of an error in the equipment used Range The maximum and minimum values of the independent or dependent variables e.g. ‘from 10cm to 50cm’ Uncertainty When the results obtained are not as accurate as they could be due to the procedure carried out Data Information or measurements that you collect Repeatable If the same person can get the same reading using the same equipment and method Datum One of information Reproducible If another person can get the same result (trend/specific results) using the same method and equipment or with different method or equipment.
Required_prac_revision_Year_11_2018_(1).docx