Diffusion – Liquids diffuse, but at a much slower rate than gases. How does KMT explain this slower diffusion? (Remember diffusion is the spontaneous mixing of two or more substances caused by their random motion.) Effusion – Liquids do not effuse through openings. Why don’t liquids effuse? This may seem confusing because you can open a bottle of ammonia or perfume and eventually you can smell it throughout the entire room. What is happening is that some of the liquid molecules have enough energy to escape into the gas state. It is the gas molecules that are diffusing through the opening in the bottle, not the liquid molecules. Surface Tension – Surface tension is a force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size. All liquids have surface tension. The amount of surface tension a liquid has is related to the strength of the particles’ attractive forces. Based on your lab experiment, rank the liquids from strongest attractive forces to weakest attractive forces? Capillary Action – Capillary action is the attraction of liquid molecules to the surface of a solid. This attraction is strong enough to overcome the forces of gravity. We observe this when roots transport water from the ground to the leaves of a plant or tree, and when the liquid climbs up the sides of a graduated cylinder to create a meniscus. Capillary action is also affected by the diameter of the tube (or root in the case of plants). The capillary action is greater for smaller diameter tubes than for larger diameter tubes. Based on your lab experiment, rank the papers in order of descending capillary action. Properties of Solids The kinetic molecular theory can be used to understand the physical properties of solids. For a given substance, solid particles are at a lower temperature than either the gas or liquid particles. Solid particles have the least thermal energy and interaction energy of the three states of matter. The particles have a low speed of motion and an extremely limited range of motion. The attractive forces are so much stronger than the interaction energy that solid particles vibrate in fixed positions close to each other, the particles cannot move past each other. Expansion – At a constant temperature, solids do not expand as evidenced by the fact that a solid has a definite volume. How does KMT explain why solids don’t expand at a constant temperature?
Diffusion – Liquids diffuse, but at a much slower rate than gases. How does KMT explain this slower diffusion? (Remember diffusion is the spontaneous mixing of two or more substances caused by their random motion.) Effusion – Liquids do not effuse through openings. Why don’t liquids effuse? This may seem confusing because you can open a bottle of ammonia or perfume and eventually you can smell it throughout the entire room. What is happening is that some of the liquid molecules have enough energy to escape into the gas state. It is the gas molecules that are diffusing through the opening in the bottle, not the liquid molecules. Surface Tension – Surface tension is a force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size. All liquids have surface tension. The amount of surface tension a liquid has is related to the strength of the particles’ attractive forces. Based on your lab experiment, rank the liquids from strongest attractive forces to weakest attractive forces? Capillary Action – Capillary action is the attraction of liquid molecules to the surface of a solid. This attraction is strong enough to overcome the forces of gravity. We observe this when roots transport water from the ground to the leaves of a plant or tree, and when the liquid climbs up the sides of a graduated cylinder to create a meniscus. Capillary action is also affected by the diameter of the tube (or root in the case of plants). The capillary action is greater for smaller diameter tubes than for larger diameter tubes. Based on your lab experiment, rank the papers in order of descending capillary action. Properties of Solids The kinetic molecular theory can be used to understand the physical properties of solids. For a given substance, solid particles are at a lower temperature than either the gas or liquid particles. Solid particles have the least thermal energy and interaction energy of the three states of matter. The particles have a low speed of motion and an extremely limited range of motion. The attractive forces are so much stronger than the interaction energy that solid particles vibrate in fixed positions close to each other, the particles cannot move past each other. Expansion – At a constant temperature, solids do not expand as evidenced by the fact that a solid has a definite volume. How does KMT explain why solids don’t expand at a constant temperature?
Properties%20of%20Solids%20Liquids%20and%20Gases%20Guided%20Inquiry.docx