BE-Sustainable. 2014. Empyro BV breaks ground of its biomass to liquid pyrolysis plant. Ensyn. 2016. Scale-up & Optimization BETO Workshop. BTG. Pyrolysis oil properties. Environment Canada. 1999. Bunker C Fuel Oil. Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants. It is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5)n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of linked D-glucose units. The basic β(1→4) chemical formula is the same as for starch with the difference being that the is much “n” larger for cellulose. If the cellulose can be broken down into the glucose molecules then those can be fermented into ethanol and the rest of the process is similar to the 1st generation starch ethanol process. Contact Information Don O’Connor (S&T)2 Consultants Inc. – Brief Technology Description The cellulosic feedstock, which could be straw, corn stover, bagasse, or wood residue is generally subjected to a pretreatment stage to separate the cellulosic portion of the material from the lignin and make the feedstock amenable to hydrolysis. The pretreatment stage may use acid and or steam to accomplish the goal. The hydrolysis stage breaks down the cellulose molecules into smaller polysaccharides or completely into glucose units; this is a hydrolysis reaction. Hydrolysis can be carried out with cellulase enzymes or with acid. Most process developers are using enzymes. Following the hydrolysis stage a yeast is added to convert the sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. The is then distilled to remove ethanol and water from the unfermented solids. “beer” A second distillation column to reach 95% ethanol and 5% water is followed by a molecular sieve to produce anhydrous ethanol by most process developers. The unfermented solids have little value as animal feed and process developers generally convert the material to energy (thermal and electricity) to be used in the process with any excess being exported to the grid. A typical process flow diagram is shown in the following figure. Figure 81 Cellulosic Ethanol Process Input The primary input is the cellulosic feedstock, along with water and the chemicals used in the process. The quantity and type of feedstock vary between process developers.
BE-Sustainable. 2014. Empyro BV breaks ground of its biomass to liquid pyrolysis plant. Ensyn. 2016. Scale-up & Optimization BETO Workshop. BTG. Pyrolysis oil properties. Environment Canada. 1999. Bunker C Fuel Oil. Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants. It is an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5)n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. The basic chemical formula is the same as for starch with the difference being that the “n” is much larger for cellulose. If the cellulose can be broken down into the glucose molecules then those can be fermented into ethanol and the rest of the process is similar to the 1st generation starch ethanol process. Contact Information Don O’Connor – (S&T)2 Consultants Inc. Brief Technology Description The cellulosic feedstock, which could be straw, corn stover, bagasse, or wood residue is generally subjected to a pretreatment stage to separate the cellulosic portion of the material from the lignin and make the feedstock amenable to hydrolysis. The pretreatment stage may use acid and or steam to accomplish the goal. The hydrolysis stage breaks down the cellulose molecules into smaller polysaccharides or completely into glucose units; this is a hydrolysis reaction. Hydrolysis can be carried out with cellulase enzymes or with acid. Most process developers are using enzymes. Following the hydrolysis stage a yeast is added to convert the sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. The “beer” is then distilled to remove ethanol and water from the unfermented solids. A second distillation column to reach 95% ethanol and 5% water is followed by a molecular sieve to produce anhydrous ethanol by most process developers. The unfermented solids have little value as animal feed and process developers generally convert the material to energy (thermal and electricity) to be used in the process with any excess being exported to the grid. A typical process flow diagram is shown in the following figure. Figure 81 Cellulosic Ethanol Process Input The primary input is the cellulosic feedstock, along with water and the chemicals used in the process. The quantity and type of feedstock vary between process developers.
renewable_fuels_technology_catalogue_revised_draft_report.docx