Knowledge and understanding Science as a human endeavour Responsible and informed decisions about real-world issues are influenced by the application of scientific knowledge. Immediate and long-term consequences of human activity can be predicted by considering past and present events • e.g. consequences of unsustainable use of fossil fuels can be seen in environmental impacts. Responsible, ethical and informed decisions about social priorities often require the application of scientific • understanding e.g. use of alternative forms of energy; use of recycled water; development of influenza and cervical cancer vaccines. People from different cultures contribute to and shape the development of science • e.g. Australian Indigenous knowledge can be applied to land and water management, food production and waste management. Earth and beyond Events on earth and in space are explained using scientific theories and ideas, including the geological and environmental history of the earth and the universe. Scientific ideas and theories offer explanations about the earth that extend to the origins of the universe • e.g. ideas about the expanding universe. Global patterns of change on earth and in its atmosphere can be predicted and modelled • e.g. the effects of rising temperatures on natural environments. Geological evidence can be interpreted to provide information about past and present events • e.g. the is shaped by volcanoes and earthquakes, which can be understood in terms of the theory of earth’s surface plate tectonics. Energy and change Forces and energy are identified and analysed to help understand and develop technologies, and to make predictions about events in the world. An unbalanced force acting on a body results in a change in motion • e.g. a car is slowed by friction from braking. Objects remain stationary or in constant motion under the influence of balanced forces • e.g. a book resting on a table; a vehicle travelling at constant speed. Energy can be transferred from one medium to another • e.g. the stove transfers heat to the pot of water. Transfer of energy can vary according to the medium in which it travels • e.g. some materials are good conductors of heat; light is refracted when it moves from air to water the pencil — appears to bend in a glass of water. Energy is conserved when it is transferred or transformed • e.g. a light bulb converts electrical energy into light energy and also produces heat.
Knowledge and understanding Science as a human endeavour Responsible and informed decisions about real-world issues are influenced by the application of scientific knowledge. • Immediate and long-term consequences of human activity can be predicted by considering past and present events e.g. consequences of unsustainable use of fossil fuels can be seen in environmental impacts. • Responsible, ethical and informed decisions about social priorities often require the application of scientific understanding e.g. use of alternative forms of energy; use of recycled water; development of influenza and cervical cancer vaccines. • People from different cultures contribute to and shape the development of science e.g. Australian Indigenous knowledge can be applied to land and water management, food production and waste management. Earth and beyond Events on earth and in space are explained using scientific theories and ideas, including the geological and environmental history of the earth and the universe. • Scientific ideas and theories offer explanations about the earth that extend to the origins of the universe e.g. ideas about the expanding universe. • Global patterns of change on earth and in its atmosphere can be predicted and modelled e.g. the effects of rising temperatures on natural environments. • Geological evidence can be interpreted to provide information about past and present events e.g. the earth’s surface is shaped by volcanoes and earthquakes, which can be understood in terms of the theory of plate tectonics. Energy and change Forces and energy are identified and analysed to help understand and develop technologies, and to make predictions about events in the world. • An unbalanced force acting on a body results in a change in motion e.g. a car is slowed by friction from braking. • Objects remain stationary or in constant motion under the influence of balanced forces e.g. a book resting on a table; a vehicle travelling at constant speed. • Energy can be transferred from one medium to another e.g. the stove transfers heat to the pot of water. • Transfer of energy can vary according to the medium in which it travels e.g. some materials are good conductors of heat; light is refracted when it moves from air to water — the pencil appears to bend in a glass of water. • Energy is conserved when it is transferred or transformed e.g. a light bulb converts electrical energy into light energy and also produces heat.
qcar_el_science_yr9.docx