Lung cancer: 4th most common cause of death in Uk 5yr survival = 10% Surgery is the only curative treatment But even then may have metastasised, etc Resection not usually possible [lobectomy/pneumonectomy] Disease likely to have spread significantly through the lung Resection reduce cardiopulmonary reserve Especially cannot resect if is at carina [unless pneumonectomy] Symptoms: Cancer general symptoms: Night sweats Weight loss Fatigue Lung cancer: SOB Haemoptysis Local invasion Persistent / unexplained: chest/shoulder pain, hoarse voice, cough, dyspnoea Distant spread (metastases) Bone, brain, liver, adrenals, skin etc effects paraneoplastic syndrome: is a disease or symptom that is the consequence of the presence of cancer in the body, but is not due to the local presence of cancer cells.[1] These phenomena are mediated by humoral factors (by hormones or cytokines) excreted by tumor cells or by an immune response against the tumor. Clubbing, malaise, weight loss Eg ADH production: causes low sodium life threatening – Eg PTH production: causes high Ca life threatening – The primary metastatic spread is by the lymphatics (not the blood) Metastasis is actually surprisingly uncommon Specific organs seem to be affected: Seed and soil hypothesis The "seed and soil" hypothesis states that specific organs harbor metastases from one type of cancer by stimulating their growth better than other types of cancer. This interaction is dynamic and reciprocal, since cancer cells modify the environment they encounter. to diagnose: X ray
Lung cancer: 4th most common cause of death in Uk 5yr survival = 10% Surgery is the only curative treatment But even then may have metastasised, etc Resection not usually possible [lobectomy/pneumonectomy] Disease likely to have spread significantly through the lung Resection reduce cardiopulmonary reserve Especially cannot resect if is at carina [unless pneumonectomy] Symptoms: Cancer general symptoms: Night sweats Weight loss Fatigue Lung cancer: SOB Haemoptysis Local invasion Persistent / unexplained: chest/shoulder pain, hoarse voice, cough, dyspnoea Distant spread (metastases) Bone, brain, liver, adrenals, skin etc effects paraneoplastic syndrome: is a disease or symptom that is the consequence of the presence of cancer in the body, but is not due to the local presence of cancer cells.[1] These phenomena are mediated by humoral factors (by hormones or cytokines) excreted by tumor cells or by an immune response against the tumor. Clubbing, malaise, weight loss Eg ADH production: causes low sodium – life threatening Eg PTH production: causes high Ca – life threatening The primary metastatic spread is by the lymphatics (not the blood) Metastasis is actually surprisingly uncommon Specific organs seem to be affected: Seed and soil hypothesis The "seed and soil" hypothesis states that specific organs harbor metastases from one type of cancer by stimulating their growth better than other types of cancer. This interaction is dynamic and reciprocal, since cancer cells modify the environment they encounter. to diagnose: X ray
Respiratory-notes-BETA.docx