TABLE 93 Summary of different building measurement scenarios. Azimuth angle Building Indoor TX/RX heights type distance (at façade / at RX) distance TX: 7m AAL1 Traditional ~3 m 54o / 66o 2 m RX: 1.6-37.7 m (floors 0-12) TX: 7m AAL2 Modern ~3 m 33o / 18o 3 m RX: 1.6-35.6 (floors 0-11) TX: 7m AAL3 Modern ~2 m 27o / 12o 2.5 m RX: 1.6-48.7 (floors 0-16) Further details on the measurement setup, overview of the scenarios, measurement procedures and data processing are presented in [1] and some have been summarized in the Annex. 28.3 Measurement results and comparison with KED-based model Figure 231 present the BEL measurement samples, estimated by subtracting the free space path loss (PL) from the calibrated path loss measurement samples, plotted against the different elevation angles (θ) for all the considered scenarios and frequencies. As it can be seen, the results present an irregular behaviour but, the general trends, indicate that BEL increases with absolute elevation incidence angle and frequency. It is also noticeable that different buildings present different BEL absolute magnitude. As the BS antennas were relatively closer to the ground level (in relation to the overall height range explored) it is not possible to derive any clear conclusion on the symmetry of BEL with positive and negative elevation angles. The model presented in [1] provides physical and geometrical explanations to the described behaviours. By assuming that at the considered frequencies, penetration into the buildings (especially in modern buildings) occurs through the windows, the model splits the overall experienced PL into 3 different and independent components: outdoor PL (propagation from the BS to a window), outdoor-to-indoor PL (penetration into the building through the window) and indoor PL (propagation from the window to the indoor terminal). 231 BEL vs elevation incidence angle for all the scenarios and frequencies The key part of the which drives all the dynamics of the model is the outdoor-to-indoor PL computation, assumes diffraction at the frame and attenuation by the glass of the window. The overall outdoor-to-indoor loss is modelled as the normal incidence attenuation value of the glass (which is the only external input parameter to the model) plus a diffraction loss term. This term is
TABLE 93 Summary of different building measurement scenarios. Building type TX/RX heights distance Azimuth angle (at façade / at RX) Indoor distance AAL1 Traditional TX: 7m RX: 1.6-37.7 m (floors 0-12) ~3 m 54o / 66o 2 m AAL2 Modern TX: 7m RX: 1.6-35.6 (floors 0-11) ~3 m 33o / 18o 3 m AAL3 Modern TX: 7m RX: 1.6-48.7 (floors 0-16) ~2 m 27o / 12o 2.5 m Further details on the measurement setup, overview of the scenarios, measurement procedures and data processing are presented in [1] and some have been summarized in the Annex. 28.3 Measurement results and comparison with KED-based model Figure 231 present the BEL measurement samples, estimated by subtracting the free space path loss (PL) from the calibrated path loss measurement samples, plotted against the different elevation angles (θ) for all the considered scenarios and frequencies. As it can be seen, the results present an irregular behaviour but, the general trends, indicate that BEL increases with absolute elevation incidence angle and frequency. It is also noticeable that different buildings present different BEL absolute magnitude. As the BS antennas were relatively closer to the ground level (in relation to the overall height range explored) it is not possible to derive any clear conclusion on the symmetry of BEL with positive and negative elevation angles. The model presented in [1] provides physical and geometrical explanations to the described behaviours. By assuming that at the considered frequencies, penetration into the buildings (especially in modern buildings) occurs through the windows, the model splits the overall experienced PL into 3 different and independent components: outdoor PL (propagation from the BS to a window), outdoor-to-indoor PL (penetration into the building through the window) and indoor PL (propagation from the window to the indoor terminal). 231 BEL vs elevation incidence angle for all the scenarios and frequencies The key part of the which drives all the dynamics of the model is the outdoor-to-indoor PL computation, assumes diffraction at the frame and attenuation by the glass of the window. The overall outdoor-to-indoor loss is modelled as the normal incidence attenuation value of the glass (which is the only external input parameter to the model) plus a diffraction loss term. This term is
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