Which of the following is true for any substance undergoing the process represented above at its normal melting point? A) < 0 ΔS B) = 0 ΔH C) = TΔG ΔH D) = 0 TΔS E) = TΔS(34%) ΔH AP Chemistry Concepts - ATOMIC THEORY, BONDING AND INTERMOLECULAR FORCES 1. Quantum Numbers ,electron configurations, Hund’s rule, orbital diagrams 2. bonds 3. Covalent bonds, Lewis structures, geometric shapes, bond polarity, molecular polarity, resonance, hybridization, London dispersion forces (LDF), inter vs. intramolecular forces 4. Trends of the periodic - a) size for atoms b) size of ions, c) IE, EA, EN 5. Effective nuclear charge (Zeff ) increases as more protons to same energy is a comparison tool. Zeff 6. Effective nuclear charge (Zeff ) decreases as more shielding electrons are present. 7. Intermolecular Forces (IMF) are between molecules and help explain differences in FP, BP, solids, liquids, gases, and solubilities. ion ion – dipole dipole with H bonding – dipole dipole – dispersion forces ( LDF ) 8. When students talk about EN differences they are talking about bonds (within a molecule) , we need them to talk about IMF (between molecules ) 9. Students often talk about atoms to gain/lose electrons”, being happy, “wanting Full, rather than having a stable octet, complete energy level. Free Response Questions 1996 # 9
Which of the following is true for any substance undergoing the process represented above at its normal melting point? A) ΔS < 0 B) ΔH = 0 C) ΔH = TΔG D) TΔS = 0 E) ΔH = TΔS(34%) AP Chemistry Concepts - ATOMIC THEORY, BONDING AND INTERMOLECULAR FORCES 1. Quantum Numbers ,electron configurations, Hund’s rule, orbital diagrams 2. bonds 3. Covalent bonds, Lewis structures, geometric shapes, bond polarity, molecular polarity, resonance, hybridization, London dispersion forces (LDF), inter vs. intramolecular forces 4. Trends of the periodic - a) size for atoms b) size of ions, c) IE, EA, EN 5. Effective nuclear charge (Zeff ) increases as more protons to same energy Zeff is a comparison tool. 6. Effective nuclear charge (Zeff ) decreases as more shielding electrons are present. 7. Intermolecular Forces (IMF) are between molecules and help explain differences in FP, BP, solids, liquids, gases, and solubilities. ion – ion dipole – dipole with H bonding dipole – dipole dispersion forces ( LDF ) 8. When students talk about EN differences they are talking about bonds (within a molecule) , we need them to talk about IMF (between molecules ) 9. Students often talk about atoms “wanting to gain/lose electrons”, being happy, Full, rather than having a stable octet, complete energy level. Free Response Questions 1996 # 9
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