The bus filled up. The and, as of 21 December, driver told Mrs Parks The MIA planned black people rode the and three other and organised the buses again. The ruling people to clear a row boycott very was unpopular with many for a white person. carefully. They white people in The others moved. organised lifts and Montgomery and asked black taxi elsewhere. Mrs Parks refused, firms to charge less even when the driver during the boycott. threatened her with arrest for breaking Some employers the law. The driver sacked workers who stopped the bus and took part in the called the police who boycott. Boycott arrested her. leaders were arrested (there was Rosa Park’s was a “no boycott” law in on the 5 December. Alabama) and they Members of the and their homes NAACP (Rossa was were attacked. The also a member) boycott went on for worked with church 381 days. and college organisations to set up a one day boycott of Montgomery busses on that day. The court found Rosa guilty and fined her $10. 2.3 Integrating Schools Who? When? Where? Why did it What happened? Consequences happen? (Causes) (effects) Brown v. Topeka 1954 Topeka, The Plessy Ruling In June 1951 Oliver Brown brought the This still left the Kansas (1896) that case Brown V’s Topeka in the Topeka State speed of integration “separate Oliver allowed Court to integrate elementary school in up to individual Brown but equal” the Topeka, Kansas. states, weakening NAACP facilities for the force of the law. Supreme black and white It was rejected because of Plessy. court people meant the Brown that black The NAACP urged Brown to try again in case, schools did children in many the Supreme Court, combining his case, integrate – some states had to go with four others in Brown v. The Board of peacefully, some to all black Education of Topeka. The other cases less so. schools. were in Washington DC, Delaware, South Carolina and Virginia. Some whites in the These schools South reacted to often had poor On 17 May 1954 the Supreme Court ruled the ruling by funding: buildings that all school segregation was forming White were not well Citizens Council’s to maintained, and stop integration.
The bus filled up. The driver told Mrs Parks and three other people to clear a row for a white person. The others moved. Mrs Parks refused, even when the driver threatened her with arrest for breaking the law. The driver stopped the bus and called the police who arrested her. Rosa Park’s was on the 5 December. Members of the NAACP (Rossa was also a member) worked with church and college organisations to set up a one day boycott of Montgomery busses on that day. The court found Rosa guilty and fined her $10. The MIA planned and organised the boycott very carefully. They organised lifts and asked black taxi firms to charge less during the boycott. Some employers sacked workers who took part in the boycott. Boycott leaders were arrested (there was a “no boycott” law in Alabama) and they and their homes were attacked. The boycott went on for 381 days. and, as of 21 December, black people rode the buses again. The ruling was unpopular with many white people in Montgomery and elsewhere. 2.3 Integrating Schools Who? When? Where? Why did it happen? (Causes) What happened? Consequences (effects) Brown v. Topeka Oliver Brown NAACP Supreme court 1954 Topeka, Kansas The Plessy Ruling (1896) that allowed “separate but equal” facilities for black and white people meant that black children in many states had to go to all black schools. These schools often had poor funding: buildings were not well maintained, and In June 1951 Oliver Brown brought the case Brown V’s Topeka in the Topeka State Court to integrate elementary school in the Topeka, Kansas. It was rejected because of Plessy. The NAACP urged Brown to try again in the Supreme Court, combining his case, with four others in Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka. The other cases were in Washington DC, Delaware, South Carolina and Virginia. On 17 May 1954 the Supreme Court ruled that all school segregation was This still left the speed of integration up to individual states, weakening the force of the law. the Brown case, schools did integrate – some peacefully, some less so. Some whites in the South reacted to the ruling by forming White Citizens Council’s to stop integration.
REVISION-GUIDE-9.-A-divided-union-Civil-Rights-in-the-USA-1945-74.docx