Table 1.3: Types of hate crime perpetrators Type of Perpetrator Motivations Other causal factors can Example of hate crime include: Thrill Seeker Excitement; boredom; dislike of Peer pressure; alcohol; A homophobic attack in a city outgroup machismo; male/peer bonding centre by a of young men encouraging each other to escalate violence Defensive Protecting territory or Perception of threat to ingroup’s Anti-immigrant or geographical of ingroup by socio-economic security; abuse ‘turf’ newer communities deprivation; anger; directed towards individuals who ‘othering’ internalised shame are new to an area Retaliatory Seeking revenge for a Perception of threat/change to Anti-Muslim or anti-Semitic (perceived) attack against social and cultural attacks and criminal damage to ingroup Mosques or Synagogues following trigger events (for example, murder of Lee Paris Attacks) Mission view; desire for Extremist/hate group links; Neo-Nazi organised racist power influenced by masculinity; violent attacks; organised economic deprivation; anger; marches involving physical or internalised shame verbal attacks on Muslims
Type of Perpetrator Motivations Other causal factors can include: Example of hate crime Thrill Seeker Excitement; boredom; dislike of outgroup Peer pressure; alcohol; machismo; male/peer bonding A homophobic attack in a city centre by a of young men encouraging each other to escalate violence Defensive Protecting territory or geographical ‘turf’ of ingroup by ‘othering’ newer communities Perception of threat to ingroup’s socio-economic security; deprivation; anger; internalised shame Anti-immigrant or abuse directed towards individuals who are new to an area Retaliatory Seeking revenge for a (perceived) attack against ingroup Perception of threat/change to social and cultural Anti-Muslim or anti-Semitic attacks and criminal damage to Mosques or Synagogues following trigger events (for example, murder of Lee Paris Attacks) Mission view; desire for power Extremist/hate group links; influenced by masculinity; deprivation; anger; internalised shame Neo-Nazi organised racist violent attacks; organised marches involving physical or verbal attacks on Muslims Table 1.3: Types of hate crime perpetrators economic
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