Frontier security issues, including the threat of invasions (• between Han China and Xiongnu Gupta and the White Huns between Romans • • and their northern and eastern neighbors) eventually led to the decline, collapse and transformation of Classical Empires into successor empires or states. Answer 2.3 Emergence of Trans- Key Concept “Factoids” regional Networks of Communication and Concepts & Relevant Factual Examples in Underline Exchange 2.3. How did Classical era networks compare Large-scale empires increased the volume of long-distance trade to Ancient era networks? What forces dramatically. Much of this trade resulted from the demand for raw contributed to the changes between the two materials and luxury goods. Many land and water routes linked most eras? What was commonly traded along these Eastern Hemisphere regions, while American networks developed later. trade networks? NOTE: Students should know how the climate and location of the routes, the typical trade goods, and the ethnicity of people involved shaped the distinctive features of the following trade routes. Eurasian Silk Roads • Trans-Saharan caravan routes • Indian Ocean sea lanes • EITHER Mediterranean sea lanes OR American trade routes • The larger size of post-classical empires encouraged demand for goods, as well as new technologies and the desire to spread “foreign” universal religions. Examples of trade/exchange include: 2.3.I How did trade & communication people technology relig/cultural beliefs food crops • • • • networks develop by 600 domesticated animals diseases CE? • • 2.3.II What technologies enabled yokes saddles stirrups, all of which together permitted the use of • • • overland and maritime trade? domesticated pack animals. (horses, oxen, llamas or camels) Maritime technologies: lateen sail dhow ships advanced knowledge of • • • 2.3.III Besides the physical goods, what monsoon winds intangibles also traveled along trade networks? changes in farming/irrigation techniques. (e.g. the qanat system) •
Frontier security issues, including the threat of invasions (• between Han China and Xiongnu • Gupta and the White Huns • between Romans and their northern and eastern neighbors) eventually led to the decline, collapse and transformation of Classical Empires into successor empires or states. Key Concept 2.3 Emergence of Trans- regional Networks of Communication and Exchange Answer Concepts & Relevant Factual Examples in Underline “Factoids” 2.3. How did Classical era networks compare to Ancient era networks? What forces contributed to the changes between the two eras? What was commonly traded along these trade networks? 2.3.I How did trade & communication networks develop by 600 CE? 2.3.II What technologies enabled overland and maritime trade? 2.3.III Besides the physical goods, what intangibles also traveled along trade networks? Large-scale empires increased the volume of long-distance trade dramatically. Much of this trade resulted from the demand for raw materials and luxury goods. Many land and water routes linked most Eastern Hemisphere regions, while American networks developed later. NOTE: Students should know how the climate and location of the routes, the typical trade goods, and the ethnicity of people involved shaped the distinctive features of the following trade routes. • Eurasian Silk Roads • Trans-Saharan caravan routes • Indian Ocean sea lanes • EITHER Mediterranean sea lanes OR American trade routes The larger size of post-classical empires encouraged demand for “foreign” goods, as well as new technologies and the desire to spread universal religions. Examples of trade/exchange include: • people • technology • relig/cultural beliefs • food crops • domesticated animals • diseases • yokes • saddles • stirrups, all of which together permitted the use of domesticated pack animals. (horses, oxen, llamas or camels) Maritime technologies: • lateen sail • dhow ships • advanced knowledge of monsoon winds • changes in farming/irrigation techniques. (e.g. the qanat system)
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