Chapter 16: World War Looms Overview Germany invades neighboring countries and launches the Holocaust—the systematic killing of millions of Jews and The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor pulls the U.S. into World War II. “non-Aryans.” I. Section 1: Dictators Threaten World Peace The rise of rulers with total power in Europe and Asia lead to World War II. A. Nationalism Grips Europe and Asia 1. Failures of the War I Peace Settlement a. Treaty of Versailles causes resentment in Europe b. Germany resents blame for war (“war-guilt clause”), loss of colonies, border territories c. Russia resents loss of lands used to create other nations (ex: Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, etc.) d. New democracies struggle (some fail) under social, economic problems e. Dictators rise; driven by nationalism, desire for more territory 2. Joseph Stalin transforms the Soviet a. 1922 Vladimir Lenin establishes the communist Soviet Union after a civil war b. 1924 Joseph Stalin takes over: - replaces private farms with collectives (farms owned by government and worked by common people) - creates the second largest industrial power; famines (lack of food) kill millions - purges (kills) anyone who threatens his power; 8–13 million killed c. Totalitarian government has almost complete control over people Visual: Josef Stalin, leader of communist Soviet Union 3. The Rise of Fascism in Italy a. Unemployment, inflation lead to bitter strikes, some communist-led b. Middle, upper classes want stronger leaders c. Fascism stresses nationalism, needs of state (“state” = nation) above the individual 1. often leads to a dictator taking power 2. IMPORTANT: Many people confuse fascism and communism, but they are not necessarily the same. - a communist nation can be fascist, but a fascist nation is not necessarily communist d. Benito Mussolini plays on fears of economic collapse, communism - supported by government officials, police, army - 1922 appointed head of government, establishes totalitarian state
Chapter 16: World War Looms Overview Germany invades neighboring countries and launches the Holocaust—the systematic killing of millions of Jews and “non-Aryans.” The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor pulls the U.S. into World War II. I. Section 1: Dictators Threaten World Peace The rise of rulers with total power in Europe and Asia lead to World War II. A. Nationalism Grips Europe and Asia 1. Failures of the War I Peace Settlement a. Treaty of Versailles causes resentment in Europe b. Germany resents blame for war (“war-guilt clause”), loss of colonies, border territories c. Russia resents loss of lands used to create other nations (ex: Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, etc.) d. New democracies struggle (some fail) under social, economic problems e. Dictators rise; driven by nationalism, desire for more territory 2. Joseph Stalin transforms the Soviet a. 1922 Vladimir Lenin establishes the communist Soviet Union after a civil war b. 1924 Joseph Stalin takes over: - replaces private farms with collectives (farms owned by government and worked by common people) - creates the second largest industrial power; famines (lack of food) kill millions - purges (kills) anyone who threatens his power; 8–13 million killed c. Totalitarian government has almost complete control over people Visual: Josef Stalin, leader of communist Soviet Union 3. The Rise of Fascism in Italy a. Unemployment, inflation lead to bitter strikes, some communist-led b. Middle, upper classes want stronger leaders c. Fascism stresses nationalism, needs of state (“state” = nation) above the individual 1. often leads to a dictator taking power 2. IMPORTANT: Many people confuse fascism and communism, but they are not necessarily the same. - a communist nation can be fascist, but a fascist nation is not necessarily communist d. Benito Mussolini plays on fears of economic collapse, communism - supported by government officials, police, army - 1922 appointed head of government, establishes totalitarian state
revwwii.docx