A) C8H18(l) and H2O(l) B) CH3CH2CH2OH(l) and H2O(l) C) CH3CH2CH2OH(l) and C8H18(l) D) C6H14(l) and C8H18(l) (33%) E) H2SO4(l) and H2O(l) AP Chemistry Concept List CONCENTRATION OF – SOLUTIONS / COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES 1. Molarity = mole of solute/ L of solution M 2. molality = mole of solute / Kg of solvent m 3. % by volume = volume of solute / volume of solution 4. % by weight = weight of solute / total weight of solution 5. mole fraction = = mole of a moles in solution xa Colligative Properties 1. FP = (kf ) ( ) ( ) freezing depression m i ∆ ↓ 2. BP = ( ) (m ) ( ) boiling point elevation ∆ ↑ kb i 3. = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) osmotic pressure M R T i ∏ 4. Vapor Pressure Lowering = VPL = (x solvent) VP pure solvent The main use of colligative properties is to find the molecular weight of an unknown compound, thus it is related to problems in earlier chapters about empirical or molecular formulas. = Van’t Hoff factor i for organic solutes nonelectrolytes = 1 i for electrolytes = 2,3,4… NaCl = 2 AlCl3 = 4 i i i
A) C8H18(l) and H2O(l) B) CH3CH2CH2OH(l) and H2O(l) C) CH3CH2CH2OH(l) and C8H18(l) D) C6H14(l) and C8H18(l) (33%) E) H2SO4(l) and H2O(l) AP Chemistry Concept List – CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS / COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES 1. Molarity M = mole of solute/ L of solution 2. molality m = mole of solute / Kg of solvent 3. % by volume = volume of solute / volume of solution 4. % by weight = weight of solute / total weight of solution 5. mole fraction = xa = mole of a moles in solution Colligative Properties 1. ∆ FP ↓ = (kf ) ( m ) ( i ) freezing depression 2. ∆ BP ↑ = ( kb ) (m ) ( i ) boiling point elevation 3. ∏ = ( M ) ( R ) ( T ) ( i ) osmotic pressure 4. Vapor Pressure Lowering = VPL = (x solvent) VP pure solvent The main use of colligative properties is to find the molecular weight of an unknown compound, thus it is related to problems in earlier chapters about empirical or molecular formulas. i = Van’t Hoff factor for organic solutes nonelectrolytes i = 1 for electrolytes i = 2,3,4… NaCl i = 2 AlCl3 i = 4
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