ES. 1.2: Describe the Emphasis is on the astronomical Expanding Universe Theory the universe is constantly Systems and – expanding universe theory, evidence of the red shift of light from expanding based on evidence posed from redshifts of system models also known as the "Big Bang galaxies as an indication that the distant galaxies Theory," based on observed universe is currently expanding, the The Doppler Effect increase or decrease in the Energy and matter – astronomical evidence cosmic microwave background as the frequency of sound light or other waves as the source including: The Doppler remnant radiation from the big bang, and observer move toward or away from the other. Effect, red shift, Hubble's and the observed composition of Red Shift the displacement of spectral lines toward – Law, and the cosmic ordinary matter of the universe, longer wavelengths in radiation from distant galaxies microwave background. primarily found in stars and and celestial objects interstellar gases (from the spectra of Hubble’s Law rate at which astronomical objects in – electromagnetic radiation from stars), the universe move apart from each other is proportional which matches that predicted by the to their distance from each other big bang theory (3/4 hydrogen and ¼ Cosmic Microwave Background thermal radiation left – helium) from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology ES. 1.3: Create a diagram, Energy fundamental entity of nature that is transferred Systems and – flowchart, or explanation between parts of a system in the production of physical system models that details the cooling of change within the system and usually regarded as the energy into protons and capacity for doing work Energy and matter early elements, and early Protons elementary particle that is identical with the – elements into superstars and nucleus of the hydrogen atom, carries a positive charge galaxies. Explain the role of numerically equal to the charge of an electron gravitational attraction in the Elements basic substance that is made of atoms that – formation of stars and have the same number of protons and cannot be galaxies from clouds of these separated further by ordinary chemical means into early elements. simpler substances Galaxies a system of millions or billions of stars, – together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction Gravitational Attraction the force of attraction – between all masses in the universe Stars a self-luminous gaseous spheroidal celestial body – of great mass which produces energy by means of nuclear fusion reactions
ES. 1.2: Describe the expanding universe theory, also known as the "Big Bang Theory," based on observed astronomical evidence including: The Doppler Effect, red shift, Hubble's Law, and the cosmic microwave background. Emphasis is on the astronomical evidence of the red shift of light from galaxies as an indication that the universe is currently expanding, the cosmic microwave background as the remnant radiation from the big bang, and the observed composition of ordinary matter of the universe, primarily found in stars and interstellar gases (from the spectra of electromagnetic radiation from stars), which matches that predicted by the big bang theory (3/4 hydrogen and ¼ helium) Expanding Universe Theory – the universe is constantly expanding based on evidence posed from redshifts of distant galaxies The Doppler Effect – increase or decrease in the frequency of sound light or other waves as the source and observer move toward or away from the other. Red Shift – the displacement of spectral lines toward longer wavelengths in radiation from distant galaxies and celestial objects Hubble’s Law – rate at which astronomical objects in the universe move apart from each other is proportional to their distance from each other Cosmic Microwave Background – thermal radiation left from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology Systems and system models Energy and matter ES. 1.3: Create a diagram, flowchart, or explanation that details the cooling of energy into protons and early elements, and early elements into superstars and galaxies. Explain the role of gravitational attraction in the formation of stars and galaxies from clouds of these early elements. Energy – fundamental entity of nature that is transferred between parts of a system in the production of physical change within the system and usually regarded as the capacity for doing work Protons – elementary particle that is identical with the nucleus of the hydrogen atom, carries a positive charge numerically equal to the charge of an electron Elements – basic substance that is made of atoms that have the same number of protons and cannot be separated further by ordinary chemical means into simpler substances Galaxies – a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction Gravitational Attraction – the force of attraction between all masses in the universe Stars – a self-luminous gaseous spheroidal celestial body of great mass which produces energy by means of nuclear fusion reactions Systems and system models Energy and matter
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