developmental toxicity (R63)], and no classification were included.59, 61, 72, 81 Two studied that included – were done according to the European Union maternal exposure to trichloroethylene via drinking guidelines. water contamination were also included.90, 91 Epidemiological studies did not find any significant association between exposure to trichloroethylene and developmental effects.59, 61, 81 Significantly higher incidence of spontaneous abortion in trichloroethylene was reported by a study.72 Incidence of congenital heart diseases were found to have association with maternal consumption of trichloroethylene-contaminated drinking water [exposure poorly defined].90 Incidence of oral cleft, central nervous system and neural tube defects were also found to have association with maternal consumption of trichloroethylene-contaminated drinking water [few cases, exposure misclassification].91 Conclusion of the committee: on animal data, the committee recommended that trichloroethylene be classified as category 2 (substance that should be regarded as if they cause developmental toxicity in humans) Findings: For effects on fertility, trichloroethylene was not recommended to be classified in relation to effects on fertility on the basis of a lack of sufficient human data, and sufficient animal data which show that no classification is indicated. For developmental toxicity, trichloroethylene should be classified as category 2 (substance that should be regarded as if they cause developmental toxicity in humans) Agency for USA Draft Toxicological Profile for Toluene Toluene Reproductive effects: Current evidence is not adequate Substances and to suggest that acute or repeated inhalation exposure The profile was prepared in accordance with Disease Registry to toluene may have reproductive effects in humans. guidelines developed by and the US (ATSDR) (2015) Nevertheless, the profile reported that limited evidence Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and in support exists to indicate that maternal occupational exposure of Department of Defense needs. to toluene may result in an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion or decreased fecundity in An ASTDR toxicological profile characterises the females. Numerous studies evaluating blood levels of toxicological and adverse health effects information reproductive hormones in repeatedly exposed for the toxic substances of the profile. The profile populations have not provided consistent and strong identifies and reviews the key literature (that has been evidence for exposure related health effects. peer reviewed) of substances’ toxicological properties
developmental toxicity (R63)], and no classification – were done according to the European Union guidelines. were included.59, 61, 72, 81 Two studied that included maternal exposure to trichloroethylene via drinking water contamination were also included.90, 91 Epidemiological studies did not find any significant association between exposure to trichloroethylene and developmental effects.59, 61, 81 Significantly higher incidence of spontaneous abortion in trichloroethylene was reported by a study.72 Incidence of congenital heart diseases were found to have association with maternal consumption of trichloroethylene-contaminated drinking water [exposure poorly defined].90 Incidence of oral cleft, central nervous system and neural tube defects were also found to have association with maternal consumption of trichloroethylene-contaminated drinking water [few cases, exposure misclassification].91 Conclusion of the committee: on animal data, the committee recommended that trichloroethylene be classified as category 2 (substance that should be regarded as if they cause developmental toxicity in humans) Findings: For effects on fertility, trichloroethylene was not recommended to be classified in relation to effects on fertility on the basis of a lack of sufficient human data, and sufficient animal data which show that no classification is indicated. For developmental toxicity, trichloroethylene should be classified as category 2 (substance that should be regarded as if they cause developmental toxicity in humans) Agency for Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2015) USA Draft Toxicological Profile for Toluene The profile was prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and in support of Department of Defense needs. An ASTDR toxicological profile characterises the toxicological and adverse health effects information for the toxic substances of the profile. The profile identifies and reviews the key literature (that has been peer reviewed) of substances’ toxicological properties Toluene Reproductive effects: Current evidence is not adequate to suggest that acute or repeated inhalation exposure to toluene may have reproductive effects in humans. Nevertheless, the profile reported that limited evidence exists to indicate that maternal occupational exposure to toluene may result in an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion or decreased fecundity in females. Numerous studies evaluating blood levels of reproductive hormones in repeatedly exposed populations have not provided consistent and strong evidence for exposure related health effects.
Question_14_Fuel_and_Solvent_Exposure_Evidence_Profile_Sept_2017.DOCX