Refrigerant types and progression of synthetic refrigerants Natural refrigerants Synthetic refrigerants Montreal Protocol (in response to ODP) Kyoto Protocol (in response to GWP) 1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation CFC-12 HCFC-22 HFC-134a HFO-1234yf GWPAR2/AR4 = GWPAR2/AR4 = HFC-410A HFO-1234ze 8100/10900 1500/1810 HFC-404A ODP = 0 ODP = 1 ODP = 0.055 ODP = 0 GWP 10 ≤ to 3260 GWPAR2 ≥ 1300 1430 to 3922 GWPAR4 ≥ HFC-32 GWPAR2/AR4 = 650/675 3.5 Generation Retrofit HFC blends HFC-407F (GWPAR2/AR4 of 1824/2107) HFO-Blends under examination (Refer Table 3) Refrigerant types and international industrial gas management regimes. Figure 1: While the natural refrigerants are not subject to controls under the framework of international treaties referred to in above, in Australia there are a range of regulations, codes and standards that apply to the handling of Figure 1 these gases because they present some degree of risk to human health either due to toxicity or flammability, at both the State and Federal level. The term refrigerant may imply that the fluids occur in nature as a ‘natural’ result of geological and/or biological processes, unlike fluorinated refrigerants that are synthesized chemicals.
Refrigerant types and progression of synthetic refrigerants Natural refrigerants Synthetic refrigerants Montreal Protocol (in response to ODP) Kyoto Protocol (in response to GWP) 1st Generation CFC-12 GWPAR2/AR4 = 8100/10900 ODP = 1 2nd Generation HCFC-22 GWPAR2/AR4 = 1500/1810 ODP = 0.055 3rd Generation HFC-134a HFC-410A HFC-404A ODP = 0 GWPAR2 ≥ 1300 to 3260 GWPAR4 ≥ 1430 to 3922 HFC-32 GWPAR2/AR4 = 650/675 4th Generation HFO-1234yf HFO-1234ze ODP = 0 GWP ≤ 10 3.5 Generation Retrofit HFC blends HFC-407F (GWPAR2/AR4 of 1824/2107) HFO-Blends under examination (Refer Table 3) Figure 1: Refrigerant types and international industrial gas management regimes. While the natural refrigerants are not subject to controls under the framework of international treaties referred to in Figure 1 above, in Australia there are a range of regulations, codes and standards that apply to the handling of these gases because they present some degree of risk to human health either due to toxicity or flammability, at both the State and Federal level. The term ‘natural’ refrigerant may imply that the fluids occur in nature as a result of geological and/or biological processes, unlike fluorinated refrigerants that are synthesized chemicals.
hfc-consumption-australia-2013_0.docx