Significant ideas: A variety of models and indicators are employed to quantify human population dynamics. Human population growth rates are impacted by a complex range of changing factors. Knowledge and understanding: Guidance: Demographic tools for quantifying human A variety of predictive models could be population include crude birth rate included, such as computer simulations, (CBR), crude death rate (CDR), total statistical and/or demographic tables for fertility rate (TFR), doubling time (DT) LEDCs and MEDCs, age–gender and natural increase rate (NIR). pyramids, and graphical extrapolation of Global human population has followed a population curves. rapid growth curve, but there is Development policies may increase or uncertainty as to how this may be decrease population growth. changing. CBRs and growth rates are As the human population grows, reduced through educating of increased stress is placed on all of the women for greater independence systems. (economic and reproductive), Earth’s Age–gender pyramids and demographic stimulation of economic growth to transition models (DTM) can be useful in improve economic welfare and the prediction of human population give greater economic growth. The DTM is a model that shows independence, mechanization of how a population transitions from a the agricultural sector and stage with high CBRs and subsequent urbanization. CDRs to an economically advanced Growth rates may increase if stage with low or declining CBRs and low CDRs fall as a result of improved CDRs. public health, sanitation, and Influences on human population service infrastructure. dynamics include cultural, historical, International-mindedness: religious, social, political and economic factors. A development depends on its country’s National and international development economy and its demographics. It also policies may also have an impact on depends on the policies of other human population dynamics. countries and international organizations
Significant ideas: A variety of models and indicators are employed to quantify human population dynamics. Human population growth rates are impacted by a complex range of changing factors. Knowledge and understanding: Demographic tools for quantifying human population include crude birth rate (CBR), crude death rate (CDR), total fertility rate (TFR), doubling time (DT) and natural increase rate (NIR). Global human population has followed a rapid growth curve, but there is uncertainty as to how this may be changing. As the human population grows, increased stress is placed on all of the Earth’s systems. Age–gender pyramids and demographic transition models (DTM) can be useful in the prediction of human population growth. The DTM is a model that shows how a population transitions from a stage with high CBRs and CDRs to an economically advanced stage with low or declining CBRs and low CDRs. Influences on human population dynamics include cultural, historical, religious, social, political and economic factors. National and international development policies may also have an impact on human population dynamics. Guidance: A variety of predictive models could be included, such as computer simulations, statistical and/or demographic tables for LEDCs and MEDCs, age–gender pyramids, and graphical extrapolation of population curves. Development policies may increase or decrease population growth. CBRs and growth rates are reduced through educating of women for greater independence (economic and reproductive), stimulation of economic growth to improve economic welfare and give greater economic independence, mechanization of the agricultural sector and subsequent urbanization. Growth rates may increase if CDRs fall as a result of improved public health, sanitation, and service infrastructure. International-mindedness: A country’s development depends on its economy and its demographics. It also depends on the policies of other countries and international organizations
IB_Environmental_Systems_and_Societies_2016.docx