2.12 structure and language features Text type Typical text Typical language items Examples from subject areas structure narrative orientation defined characters English: stories, plays initiating events descriptive language complications dialogue Purpose: to entertain resolution usually past Focus: sequential History: a biography specific events recount orientation time markers (later, after, Mathematics: recount the steps in events in time before etc.) a problem-solving activity order action verbs Purpose: to retell re-orientation simple past tense events Science: the method (what we (optional) specific participants did) section of a science evaluation(optional prac.report Focus: sequential Geography: diary of Mawson specific events English: journal writing recount orientation time markers (later, after, Mathematics: recount steps in a events in time before etc.) maths problem-solving activity order action verbs Purpose: to retell re-orientation simple past tense events Science: the method (what we (optional) specific participants did) section of a science evaluation prac.report (optional) Focus: sequential Geography: diary of Mawson specific events English: a journal of the events in a past holiday or excursion informative report generalisation generalised participants Science/geography: or classification impersonal objective description language Purpose: to classify an informative essay on volcanoes summary timeless present and describe a class of (optional) subject-specific things vocabulary Health and PE: an informative on common allergies general things procedure goal detailed factual description Health and PE: a recipe for materials imperatives (draw a line, healthy cookies method heat the water) Purpose: to describe evaluation time markers (after, until, as soon as) how to do things timeless present
2.12 structure and language features Text type Typical text structure Typical language items Examples from subject areas narrative Purpose: to entertain Focus: sequential specific events orientation initiating events complications resolution defined characters descriptive language dialogue usually past English: stories, plays History: a biography recount Purpose: to retell events Focus: sequential specific events orientation events in time order re-orientation (optional) evaluation(optional time markers (later, after, before etc.) action verbs simple past tense specific participants Mathematics: recount the steps in a problem-solving activity Science: the method (what we did) section of a science prac.report Geography: diary of Mawson English: journal writing recount Purpose: to retell events Focus: sequential specific events orientation events in time order re-orientation (optional) evaluation (optional) time markers (later, after, before etc.) action verbs simple past tense specific participants Mathematics: recount steps in a maths problem-solving activity Science: the method (what we did) section of a science prac.report Geography: diary of Mawson English: a journal of the events in a past holiday or excursion informative report Purpose: to classify and describe a class of things general things generalisation or classification description summary (optional) generalised participants impersonal objective language timeless present subject-specific vocabulary Science/geography: an informative essay on volcanoes Health and PE: an informative on common allergies procedure Purpose: to describe how to do things goal materials method evaluation detailed factual description imperatives (draw a line, heat the water) time markers (after, until, as soon as) timeless present Health and PE: a recipe for healthy cookies
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