challenging assignments provide employees with that apart from assuming long and flexible working opportunities for achievements and also motivation. hours by extending the environment to working Lee (2002) finds that ability to take challenging outside of normal hours, heavy work load also assignments helped computer professionals to entails having a preoccupation with work related fulfill growth needs. Cox and Copper (1998) states issues like undertaking geographical assignments. that women who had succeeded in their careers had This could be an indication of commitment to the been challenged early in their career and that gave job and organization. them opportunity to prove their abilities. Also, 2.1.2 Participation in Social and Professional studies done by Metcalfe (1989) showed that Events women who had advanced in their careers rated In order to increase visibility, women need to challenging assignments as important for career participate in social events. This includes being advancement. Dessler (2008) views challenging seen at social functions, being effective in assignments as developmental opportunities. He professional associations and developing powerful states that women had great difficulty in getting allies who speak well of you (Robbins & Coutler, geographic mobility opportunities and they needed 1999). Attendance at social gatherings increases to be proactive to get such assignments. visibility (Robbins & DeCenzo, 2007). one’s According to Aswathappa, (2005) presence at one’s Undertaking challenging assignments entails ability social functions and events provide social and willingness to assume a heavy workload and interaction and a source of information about career putting in long face hours (Dessler, 2008), because opportunities. To enhance career advancements this demonstrates commitment to the organization opportunity, one needs to join a support group to be and career (Snape et al., 1994) due to the increased able to listen to others and develop empathy and responsibilities. Research done by Vinnicombe and other key interpersonal relationships (Zajas, 1995). Colwil, (1997) indicates that successful women Vinnicombe and Colwill, (1997) indicate that attributed their career to hard work which lead to associations can make women more visible in good performance. Pine (2002) and Zhong (2006) society and encourage them to contribute and recommend that women must stand out through develop. The two authors add that women’s hard work and being good at what they do. In associations may provide a network for women to contributing to heavy work load, Lee (2002) posits
challenging assignments provide employees with opportunities for achievements and also motivation. Lee (2002) finds that ability to take challenging assignments helped computer professionals to fulfill growth needs. Cox and Copper (1998) states that women who had succeeded in their careers had been challenged early in their career and that gave them opportunity to prove their abilities. Also, studies done by Metcalfe (1989) showed that women who had advanced in their careers rated challenging assignments as important for career advancement. Dessler (2008) views challenging assignments as developmental opportunities. He states that women had great difficulty in getting geographic mobility opportunities and they needed to be proactive to get such assignments. Undertaking challenging assignments entails ability and willingness to assume a heavy workload and putting in long face hours (Dessler, 2008), because this demonstrates commitment to the organization and career (Snape et al., 1994) due to the increased responsibilities. Research done by Vinnicombe and Colwil, (1997) indicates that successful women attributed their career to hard work which lead to good performance. Pine (2002) and Zhong (2006) recommend that women must stand out through hard work and being good at what they do. In contributing to heavy work load, Lee (2002) posits that apart from assuming long and flexible working hours by extending the environment to working outside of normal hours, heavy work load also entails having a preoccupation with work related issues like undertaking geographical assignments. This could be an indication of commitment to the job and organization. 2.1.2 Participation in Social and Professional Events In order to increase visibility, women need to participate in social events. This includes being seen at social functions, being effective in professional associations and developing powerful allies who speak well of you (Robbins & Coutler, 1999). Attendance at social gatherings increases one’s visibility (Robbins & DeCenzo, 2007). According to Aswathappa, (2005) one’s presence at social functions and events provide social interaction and a source of information about career opportunities. To enhance career advancements opportunity, one needs to join a support group to be able to listen to others and develop empathy and other key interpersonal relationships (Zajas, 1995). Vinnicombe and Colwill, (1997) indicate that associations can make women more visible in society and encourage them to contribute and develop. The two authors add that women’s associations may provide a network for women to
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