Focus: sequential Technology: instructions on how to operate a computer or other general events device discussion statement of the generally uses present English: response to issue issue tense to express opinions arguments for and language of cause and Purpose: to explore an against effect issue in depth recommendations modality (may, might, All domains: writing on issues conditional sentences etc.) Focus: arguments for (The advantages and conjunctions linking and against disadvantages of solar power) (however, while, nevertheless) exposition (one side point of view language of cause and English: a letter to the editor (thesis) effect of an argument) arguing for improved public arguments modality (may, might, transport. reiteration conditional sentences Purpose: to present conjunctions linking ideas and justify a particular Political speech (however, while, point of view/persuade nevertheless) Debate Focus: argument for Opinion article one position explanation define generalised, Science: an explanation of the phenomenon participants water cycle explanation cause and effect Purpose: to explain sequence relationships phenomena passive voice (is caused by) Focus: general things, Health: an explanation of how timeless present (soil is explains how or why digestion operates deposited) events happen structure and language features cont Text type Typical text Typical language Examples from subject structure areas description to describe a similes/metaphors English: description of a scene particular thing or use of is, has, with person relative clauses Purpose: to describe a precise language place, person, thing, Geography: description of the earth’s crust event, situation Focus: describe the context or backdrop for an event, provide a
Focus: sequential general events Technology: instructions on how to operate a computer or other device discussion Purpose: to explore an issue in depth Focus: arguments for and against statement of the issue arguments for and against recommendations generally uses present tense to express opinions language of cause and effect modality (may, might, conditional sentences etc.) conjunctions linking (however, while, nevertheless) English: response to issue All domains: writing on issues (The advantages and disadvantages of solar power) exposition (one side of an argument) Purpose: to present and justify a particular point of view/persuade Focus: argument for one position point of view (thesis) arguments reiteration language of cause and effect modality (may, might, conditional sentences conjunctions linking ideas (however, while, nevertheless) English: a letter to the editor arguing for improved public transport. Political speech Debate Opinion article explanation Purpose: to explain phenomena Focus: general things, explains how or why events happen define phenomenon explanation sequence generalised, participants cause and effect relationships passive voice (is caused by) timeless present (soil is deposited) Science: an explanation of the water cycle Health: an explanation of how digestion operates structure and language features cont Text type Typical text structure Typical language Examples from subject areas description Purpose: to describe a place, person, thing, event, situation Focus: describe the context or backdrop for an event, provide a to describe a particular thing or person precise language similes/metaphors use of is, has, with relative clauses English: description of a scene Geography: description of the earth’s crust
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