experienced in a dense small cell deployment. Significantly, the work shows that despite LSAS and massive MIMO schemes being dominant themes in current research, the use of single omni-directional SBSs with suitable forward error correction (FEC) provides a low complexity and energy efficient alternative for the indoor SBS. The work discusses some possible drawbacks associated with massive MIMO for 5G SBSs. It states the case for alternative architectures. An air interface based on direct sequence spread spectrum is proposed for 5G indoor small cells. Using spatial and temporal processing, through beamforming and diversity combining of a DS-SS based physical layer, the predicted performance is presented. A detailed analysis of circuit power due to signal processing is provided. The new air interface is compared to a 4G OFDM based system and is shown to be more power efficient and significantly the SE/EE trade-off is improved by an order of magnitude i.e. a 10-fold improvement is seen. List of Publications and Presentations The research carried out during the course of this PhD has resulted in the following publications: Journal Articles Muirhead, D.; Imran, M.A.; Arshad, K., "Insights and Approaches for Low-Complexity 5G Small-Cell Base-Station Design for Indoor Dense Networks," in vol.3, no., Access, IEEE, pp.1562-1572, 2015. D. Muirhead; M. Imran; K. Arshad, "A Survey on the Challenges, Opportunities and Use of Multiple Antennas in Current and Future 5G Small Cell Base Stations," in , IEEE Access vol.PP, no.99, pp.1-1, 2016.
experienced in a dense small cell deployment. Significantly, the work shows that despite LSAS and massive MIMO schemes being dominant themes in current research, the use of single omni-directional SBSs with suitable forward error correction (FEC) provides a low complexity and energy efficient alternative for the indoor SBS. The work discusses some possible drawbacks associated with massive MIMO for 5G SBSs. It states the case for alternative architectures. An air interface based on direct sequence spread spectrum is proposed for 5G indoor small cells. Using spatial and temporal processing, through beamforming and diversity combining of a DS-SS based physical layer, the predicted performance is presented. A detailed analysis of circuit power due to signal processing is provided. The new air interface is compared to a 4G OFDM based system and is shown to be more power efficient and significantly the SE/EE trade-off is improved by an order of magnitude i.e. a 10-fold improvement is seen. List of Publications and Presentations The research carried out during the course of this PhD has resulted in the following publications: Journal Articles Muirhead, D.; Imran, M.A.; Arshad, K., "Insights and Approaches for Low-Complexity 5G Small-Cell Base-Station Design for Indoor Dense Networks," in Access, IEEE, vol.3, no., pp.1562-1572, 2015. D. Muirhead; M. Imran; K. Arshad, "A Survey on the Challenges, Opportunities and Use of Multiple Antennas in Current and Future 5G Small Cell Base Stations," in IEEE Access , vol.PP, no.99, pp.1-1, 2016.
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