Figure 2 Contributions to Total Primary Energy Inputs for Fuel Cell Cars Using Hydrogen Produced from Natural Gas by Steam Reforming and Delivered as Compressed Fuel to Refuelling Stations: Consequential LCA Methodology Figure 3 Contributions to Total Primary Energy Inputs for Fuel Cell Buses Using Hydrogen Produced from Natural Gas by Steam Reforming and Delivered as Liquefied Fuel to Refuelling Stations: Consequential LCA Methodology Figure 4 Contributions to Total Primary Energy Inputs for Fuel Cell Cars Using Hydrogen Produced from Natural Gas by Steam Reforming and Delivered as Liquefied Fuel to Refuelling Stations: Consequential LCA Methodology Primary Energy Inputs for Brown Coal Gasification Hydrogen Pathways Tables 13 to 14 present average estimates of total primary energy inputs to H2 pathways based on H2 production from brown coal by gasification. These results have been derived from the latest versions of the IDEALHY Project workbooks using, in general, default values for parameters, apart from those changed to represent the specified details of given Case Codes. It has been assumed that brown coal would be gasified in Australia, liquefied using Australian grid electricity and shipped to the EU over a round trip distance of 41,155 km (full outward, empty return). As with the estimated primary energy inputs for H2 pathways based on natural gas steam reforming, the totals for fuel cell buses are higher than those for conventional buses suing diesel from crude oil, whilst totals for fuel cell cars are lower than their conventional diesel- and petrol-fuelled counterparts. Table 13 Estimated Average Total Primary Energy Inputs for Fuel Cell Buses Using Hydrogen Produced from Brown Coal by Gasification and Delivered as Liquefied Fuel to Refuelling Stations: Consequential LCA Methodology Case Main Features of Pathway Total Code Primary Source of Gasifier Sources of Electricity Energy Coal For Coal Production For Refuelling Inputs and H2 Liquefaction Station (MJ/km) ODB Conventional Bus Using Diesel from Crude Oil 20.5 CAOLB1 Australia Without CCS Australia 2009 Grid ER-27 2009 Grid 33.9 CACLB1 Australia With CCS Australia 2009 ER-27 2009 Grid 37.3 Grid(a) Note (a) Also source of electricity for carbon capture and storage system operation.
Figure 2 Contributions to Total Primary Energy Inputs for Fuel Cell Cars Using Hydrogen Produced from Natural Gas by Steam Reforming and Delivered as Compressed Fuel to Refuelling Stations: Consequential LCA Methodology Figure 3 Contributions to Total Primary Energy Inputs for Fuel Cell Buses Using Hydrogen Produced from Natural Gas by Steam Reforming and Delivered as Liquefied Fuel to Refuelling Stations: Consequential LCA Methodology Figure 4 Contributions to Total Primary Energy Inputs for Fuel Cell Cars Using Hydrogen Produced from Natural Gas by Steam Reforming and Delivered as Liquefied Fuel to Refuelling Stations: Consequential LCA Methodology Primary Energy Inputs for Brown Coal Gasification Hydrogen Pathways Tables 13 to 14 present average estimates of total primary energy inputs to H2 pathways based on H2 production from brown coal by gasification. These results have been derived from the latest versions of the IDEALHY Project workbooks using, in general, default values for parameters, apart from those changed to represent the specified details of given Case Codes. It has been assumed that brown coal would be gasified in Australia, liquefied using Australian grid electricity and shipped to the EU over a round trip distance of 41,155 km (full outward, empty return). As with the estimated primary energy inputs for H2 pathways based on natural gas steam reforming, the totals for fuel cell buses are higher than those for conventional buses suing diesel from crude oil, whilst totals for fuel cell cars are lower than their conventional diesel- and petrol-fuelled counterparts. Table 13 Estimated Average Total Primary Energy Inputs for Fuel Cell Buses Using Hydrogen Produced from Brown Coal by Gasification and Delivered as Liquefied Fuel to Refuelling Stations: Consequential LCA Methodology Case Code Main Features of Pathway Total Primary Energy Inputs (MJ/km) Source of Coal Gasifier Sources of Electricity For Coal Production and H2 Liquefaction For Refuelling Station ODB Conventional Bus Using Diesel from Crude Oil 20.5 CAOLB1 Australia Without CCS Australia 2009 Grid ER-27 2009 Grid 33.9 CACLB1 Australia With CCS Australia 2009 Grid(a) ER-27 2009 Grid 37.3 Note (a) Also source of electricity for carbon capture and storage system operation.
IDEALHY_D3.17_Final%20%28ID%202849532%29.docx