Text structure and Clause/ sentence beginnings Clause/ sentence beginnings Clause/ sentence beginnings Clauses usually begin with the subject Most clauses begin with the subject which Most clauses begin with the subject which organisation which is also usually the topic or entity in is also usually the topic or entity in focus is also usually the topic or entity in focus focus, e.g. A chicken has a beak, through noun groups or pronouns e.g. through noun groups or pronouns e.g. feathers and wings. Some chickens are Sugar Gliders are nocturnal creatures. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. black and (chickens) are white. spend their days sleeping in trees. is covered in craters. thin some They It Mercury’s Female Sugar Gliders…. atmosphere means that it cannot retain heat so it is freezing cold at night. Some examples of prepositional phrases at the beginning of sentences e.g. During Prepositional phrases may occur at the the day, sugar gliders sleep in nests in beginning of sentences e.g. In the Earth’s hollow trees. In spring, groups of little red outer atmosphere… By mid-February flying foxes bunch together in trees. After 1995, rivers in NSW were close to three months, the gecko’s eggs hatch. breaking their banks. Early on Christmas Day in 1974, Cyclone Tracy hit Darwin. Forceful winds are destructive, causing much damage to houses. Nominalisation Some examples of nominalisation, for example, Earth rotates on its axis ‘The every twenty-four hours. This causes day and night’ might be written as ‘The rotation of the Earth on its axis every twenty-four hours results in day and night.’ When words are made into nouns, there is potential to build larger nouns groups, to focus on concepts rather than actions and to compress ideas in sentences. Referring words Referring words Referring words Reference through pronouns used to build Reference through pronouns (e.g. Reference through pronouns (e.g. internal connections but not always they/them/ theirs) and determiners (e.g. they/them/ theirs) and determiners (e.g. consistently clear e.g. A chicken has a a/an, the, this, these) used to build internal a/an, the, this, these) used to build clear
Text structure and organisation Clause/ sentence beginnings Clauses usually begin with the subject which is also usually the topic or entity in focus, e.g. A chicken has a beak, feathers and wings. Some chickens are black and some (chickens) are white. Clause/ sentence beginnings Most clauses begin with the subject which is also usually the topic or entity in focus through noun groups or pronouns e.g. Sugar Gliders are nocturnal creatures. They spend their days sleeping in trees. Female Sugar Gliders…. Some examples of prepositional phrases at the beginning of sentences e.g. During the day, sugar gliders sleep in nests in hollow trees. In spring, groups of little red flying foxes bunch together in trees. After three months, the gecko’s eggs hatch. Clause/ sentence beginnings Most clauses begin with the subject which is also usually the topic or entity in focus through noun groups or pronouns e.g. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It is covered in craters. Mercury’s thin atmosphere means that it cannot retain heat so it is freezing cold at night. Prepositional phrases may occur at the beginning of sentences e.g. In the Earth’s outer atmosphere… By mid-February 1995, rivers in NSW were close to breaking their banks. Early on Christmas Day in 1974, Cyclone Tracy hit Darwin. Forceful winds are destructive, causing much damage to houses. Nominalisation Some examples of nominalisation, for example, ‘The Earth rotates on its axis every twenty-four hours. This causes day and night’ might be written as ‘The rotation of the Earth on its axis every twenty-four hours results in day and night.’ When words are made into nouns, there is potential to build larger nouns groups, to focus on concepts rather than actions and to compress ideas in sentences. Referring words Reference through pronouns used to build internal connections but not always consistently clear e.g. A chicken has a Referring words Reference through pronouns (e.g. they/them/ theirs) and determiners (e.g. a/an, the, this, these) used to build internal Referring words Reference through pronouns (e.g. they/them/ theirs) and determiners (e.g. a/an, the, this, these) used to build clear
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