Environmental impact may 1.5.Select routes that include: minimise damaging sensitive areas by environmental trampling, touching or breakage impact. leaving behind foreign and waste material disturbing cave biota, stream sediments, palaeokarst, drip holes, soil cones and crusts, bone material, fossils and tree roots. 2. Navigate in Surroundings may include 2.1.Maintain an untrogged bodies of water and or water orientation of self cave. courses to surroundings. survey or track markers natural formations man-made features. 2.2.Use a map, where available and compass to follow a route in an untrogged cave. Navigation techniques may 2.3.Apply navigation include techniques for orientating map a compass estimating the collecting features distance travelled. searching for cave features locating cave breezes into or out of cave.: Estimating the distance travelled may include: pacing time relation to features.
1.5.Select routes that minimise environmental impact. Environmental impact may include: damaging sensitive areas by trampling, touching or breakage leaving behind foreign and waste material disturbing cave biota, stream sediments, palaeokarst, drip holes, soil cones and crusts, bone material, fossils and tree roots. 2. Navigate in an untrogged cave. 2.1.Maintain orientation of self to surroundings. Surroundings may include bodies of water and or water courses survey or track markers natural formations man-made features. 2.2.Use a map, where available and compass to follow a route in an untrogged cave. 2.3.Apply navigation techniques for estimating the distance travelled. Navigation techniques may include orientating map a compass collecting features searching for cave features locating cave breezes into or out of cave.: Estimating the distance travelled may include: pacing time relation to features.
ISS_cave_training_Program_v1.docx