Mass defect- The amount by which the mass of an atomic nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of its constituent particles. Nuclear Reactors device used for controlling nuclear fission reactions so that energy can be – liberated and be converted to useful energy A) Breeder reactor produces new source of fuel for nuclear reactor – B) Fission reactor produces fuel from the fission of Uranium235 – C) fuel is deuterium (small and inexpensive) clean process, gives off Fusion reactor – huge burst of energy but short lived, produces stable isotope (no radioactive wastes) needs high temperature, and research is expensive. Occurs naturally on the sun, between He and H atoms. Parts of a nuclear fission reactor Particle accelerators - increase the speed of particles before directing them toward target material to undergo fission (neutrons not affected by a particle accelerator because neutrons have no charge) Fuel U-235, sometimes U-233, and Pt-239 – Control rods- control the rate of fission and the capturing of neutrons. (cadmium and boron) Moderator after reaction has begun, slow down neutrons resulting from fission, –control (Hydrogen, Deuterium (isotope of hydrogen with a mass of 2), Beryllium, Graphite, molten metals) used to control the large amounts of heat released. Examples: water, heavy Coolants – water (D2 0), Molten sodium and lithium, air, helium, CO2 Shielding- concrete reinforced with lead and steel Fusion reactor -Occurs naturally on the sun, between He and H atoms. Radioisotopes and their uses- Tracers- used to follow a chemical process in living things Radioisotope Uses I-131 Treatment of thyroid disorders Tc-99 Brain tumors C-14 Carbon dating U-238 Dating minerals, age of the earth Radium and Treatment of cancer cells. Cobolt Radiation- kills living tissue (used in cancer treatment), also used to kill yeast’s, molds and bacteria in foods and to slow down the decay of foods prolongs shelf life Vocabulary Radioactivity Beta Breeder reactor Shielding Transmutation Gamma Fission reactor Fusion reactor Natural Half Life Fusion reactor Radioisotopes Transmutation Nuclear Reactions Particle Tracers Artificial Fission accelerators I 131 – transmutation Fusion Fuel Tc 99 – Decay particles Binding energy Control rods C-14 Alpha Mass defect Moderator U-238 Nuclear Reactors Coolants Radium
Mass defect- The amount by which the mass of an atomic nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of its constituent particles. Nuclear Reactors – device used for controlling nuclear fission reactions so that energy can be liberated and be converted to useful energy A) Breeder reactor – produces new source of fuel for nuclear reactor B) Fission reactor – produces fuel from the fission of Uranium235 C) Fusion reactor – fuel is deuterium (small and inexpensive) clean process, gives off huge burst of energy but short lived, produces stable isotope (no radioactive wastes) needs high temperature, and research is expensive. Occurs naturally on the sun, between He and H atoms. Parts of a nuclear fission reactor Particle accelerators - increase the speed of particles before directing them toward target material to undergo fission (neutrons not affected by a particle accelerator because neutrons have no charge) Fuel – U-235, sometimes U-233, and Pt-239 Control rods- control the rate of fission and the capturing of neutrons. (cadmium and boron) Moderator –control after reaction has begun, slow down neutrons resulting from fission, (Hydrogen, Deuterium (isotope of hydrogen with a mass of 2), Beryllium, Graphite, molten metals) Coolants – used to control the large amounts of heat released. Examples: water, heavy water (D2 0), Molten sodium and lithium, air, helium, CO2 Shielding- concrete reinforced with lead and steel Fusion reactor -Occurs naturally on the sun, between He and H atoms. Radioisotopes and their uses- Tracers- used to follow a chemical process in living things Radioisotope Uses I-131 Treatment of thyroid disorders Tc-99 Brain tumors C-14 Carbon dating U-238 Dating minerals, age of the earth Radium and Cobolt Treatment of cancer cells. Radiation- kills living tissue (used in cancer treatment), also used to kill yeast’s, molds and bacteria in foods and to slow down the decay of foods prolongs shelf life Vocabulary Radioactivity Transmutation Natural Transmutation Artificial transmutation Decay particles Alpha Beta Gamma Half Life Nuclear Reactions Fission Fusion Binding energy Mass defect Nuclear Reactors Breeder reactor Fission reactor Fusion reactor Particle accelerators Fuel Control rods Moderator Coolants Shielding Fusion reactor Radioisotopes Tracers I – 131 Tc – 99 C-14 U-238 Radium
hw_-_nuclear_2016.docx