travel mental Organisational travel plans outcomes, and all included studies not have a draw a health, should be considered as measured travel outcomes. Two consistent conclusion but Cochrane complex health promotion cluster randomised controlled national there is some illness, injury interventions, with considerable trials in the school setting showed programme or evidence of Database of rates potential to influence either no change in travel mode or a co-ordinated effect Systematic Secondary community health outcomes mixed results. A randomised approach Reviews outcome: depending on the controlled trial in the workplace physical environmental context in which setting, conducted in a Working age activity they are introduced. Given the group who were already current lack of evidence, contemplating or preparing for adults, organisational travel plans active travel, found improved Children & should be implemented in the health-related quality of life on context of robustly-designed some sub scales, and increased young adults research studies, such as walking. Two controlled cluster randomised studies found that school trials travel interventions increased walking. No included studies were conducted in low- or countries, and no studies measured the social distribution of effects or adverse effects, such as injury. Overall risk of bias was judged to be high for most included studies. Dobbins, M, Leisure There is good evidence that 26 studies were deemed of Elements of the B. This time physical school-based physical activity sufficient quality to be included in intervention are intervention is 2009 activity interventions have a positive this review. Four were assessed as funded for supported by School-based rates, impact on four of the nine having very national moderate to duration of outcome measures. Specifically few methodological limitations and implementation good quality physical physical positive effects were observed 22 as having more limitations but but evidence of its activity activity, and for duration of physical activity, not sufficient enough to warrant implementation effectiveness programmes time spent television viewing, VO2 max, their exclusion from the review. is dependent on for some
travel Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Working age adults, Children & young adults mental health, illness, injury rates Secondary outcome: physical activity Organisational travel plans should be considered as complex health promotion interventions, with considerable potential to influence community health outcomes depending on the environmental context in which they are introduced. Given the current lack of evidence, organisational travel plans should be implemented in the context of robustly-designed research studies, such as cluster randomised trials outcomes, and all included studies measured travel outcomes. Two cluster randomised controlled trials in the school setting showed either no change in travel mode or mixed results. A randomised controlled trial in the workplace setting, conducted in a group who were already contemplating or preparing for active travel, found improved health-related quality of life on some sub scales, and increased walking. Two controlled studies found that school travel interventions increased walking. No included studies were conducted in low- or countries, and no studies measured the social distribution of effects or adverse effects, such as injury. Overall risk of bias was judged to be high for most included studies. not have a consistent national programme or a co-ordinated approach draw a conclusion but there is some evidence of effect Dobbins, M, 2009 School-based physical activity programmes Leisure time physical activity rates, duration of physical activity, and time spent There is good evidence that school-based physical activity interventions have a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures. Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity, television viewing, VO2 max, 26 studies were deemed of sufficient quality to be included in this review. Four were assessed as having very few methodological limitations and 22 as having more limitations but not sufficient enough to warrant their exclusion from the review. Elements of the intervention are funded for national implementation but implementation is dependent on B. This intervention is supported by moderate to good quality evidence of its effectiveness for some
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