(noise and turbidity) on or the potential impact of saline discharge on S. apama adults. Table 1. Potential factors contributing to a decline in as summarised from S. apama Steer et al. () Additional threats listed by Halpern et al. () have been included as have other proposed and potential activities in USG. Factor Evidence Other comments Natural process No reports of in Species of cuttlefish not S. early 1980s, but present in listed in newspaper 1986; historical reports newspaper reports suggest dead & dying cuttlefish in USG but not clear where they came from Abiotic factors Climate change Sea level, sea temperature Potential for longer term (see below), ocean impacts; Prowse et al. acidification, ozone/UV (submitted) found decline – potential long-term effects in abundance in USG possible but unlikely to could not be attributed to have been significant climatic factors changes in last 10-15 years Temperature Average annual Potential for temperature showed no spikes or pulses in correlation with temperature to affect S. apama numbers. Lagged monthly embryo survival temperature 0-12 months prior to peak spawning also did not affect abundance
(noise and turbidity) on S. apama or the potential impact of saline discharge on adults. Table 1. Potential factors contributing to a decline in S. apama as summarised from Steer et al. () Additional threats listed by Halpern et al. () have been included as have other proposed and potential activities in USG. Factor Evidence Other comments Natural process No reports of S. in early 1980s, but present in 1986; historical newspaper reports suggest dead & dying cuttlefish in USG but not clear where they came from Species of cuttlefish not listed in newspaper reports Abiotic factors Climate change Sea level, sea temperature (see below), ocean acidification, ozone/UV – potential long-term effects possible but unlikely to have been significant changes in last 10-15 years Potential for longer term impacts; Prowse et al. (submitted) found decline in abundance in USG could not be attributed to climatic factors Temperature Average annual temperature showed no correlation with S. apama numbers. Lagged monthly temperature 0-12 months prior to peak spawning also did not affect abundance Potential for spikes or pulses in temperature to affect embryo survival
impacts-shipping-cuttlefish.docx