just the electric power system and (b) environmental impacts. Table 4 summarizes. Table 4 NEMS MARKAL/TIMES WASP-IV Output Alternative Optimal Optimal energy investment plan investment plan assessment Single objective Single objective Single objective Objective function √ √ √ Stochastic Optimization events model Modular Generalized Generalized network network, Formulation modular 20-25 years Unconstrained 30 years Forecast horizon Greenhouse √ √ √ gases Sustainability √ √ √ Other emissions Loss of load Resiliency √ √ Primary energy sources Energy represented √ √ √ Electricity Liquid fuels √ Freight √ ? Only fuel demand Transportation ? ? Passenger Probability models 4.1 Load duration curves
just the electric power system and (b) environmental impacts. Table 4 summarizes. Table 4 NEMS MARKAL/TIMES WASP-IV Output Alternative energy assessment Optimal investment plan Optimal investment plan Optimization model Objective function Single objective Single objective Single objective Stochastic events √ √ √ Formulation Modular Generalized network Generalized network, modular Forecast horizon 20-25 years Unconstrained 30 years Sustainability Greenhouse gases √ √ √ Other emissions √ √ √ Resiliency Loss of load Energy represented Primary energy sources √ √ Electricity √ √ √ Liquid fuels √ Transportation Freight √ ? Only fuel demand Passenger ? ? Probability models 4.1 Load duration curves
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