little change in behaviour of observed S. apama whilst diving; likely to be minimal Aquaculture Nearby S. lalandi aquaculture (see above); effects unknown Other potential threats Coastal engineering (e.g. May provide additional breakwalls) habitat but dependent on structure Coastal development (e.g. Turbidity may impact require visual S. apama Ports & dredging) adult breeding behaviour cues for reproduction Benthic structures May provide additional habitat depending on orientation Ocean mining Possible impacts through Mining leases exist in SG noise waters Desalination plant See salinity; possibility Previous experiments for other pollutants & conducted on eggs; turbidity effects; unknown current experiments how saline discharge underway examining might affect migratory salinity and temperature routes onto/off breeding effects and their aggregation interaction Defence Depends on activities in water
little change in behaviour of S. apama observed whilst diving; likely to be minimal Aquaculture Nearby S. lalandi aquaculture (see above); effects unknown Other potential threats Coastal engineering (e.g. breakwalls) May provide additional habitat but dependent on structure Coastal development (e.g. Ports & dredging) Turbidity may impact adult breeding behaviour S. apama require visual cues for reproduction Benthic structures May provide additional habitat depending on orientation Ocean mining Possible impacts through noise Mining leases exist in SG waters Desalination plant See salinity; possibility for other pollutants & turbidity effects; unknown how saline discharge might affect migratory routes onto/off breeding aggregation Previous experiments conducted on eggs; current experiments underway examining salinity and temperature effects and their interaction Defence Depends on activities in water
impacts-shipping-cuttlefish.docx