hydrochloric acid 4.17: becomes a practical statement 3.16 Practical: investigate the effect of different solids on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution (c) Reversible reactions and equilibria 4.22 3.17 know that some reactions are reversible and this is indicated by the symbol in equations ⇌ 4.23 3.18 describe reversible reactions such as the dehydration of hydrated copper(II) sulfate and the effect of heat on ammonium chloride 4.24: re-worded; also becomes a 3.19C know that a reversible reaction can reach dynamic equilibrium in a sealed container bold statement 4.24: re-worded; also becomes a 3.20C know that the characteristics of a reaction at dynamic equilibrium are: bold statement the forward and reverse reactions at the same rate the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. New statement 3.21C understand why a catalyst does not affect the position of equilibrium in a reversible reaction 4.25: re-worded; also becomes a 3.22C know the effect of changing either temperature or pressure on the position of equilibrium bold statement in a reversible reaction: an increase (or decrease) in temperature shifts the position of equilibrium in the direction of the endothermic (or exothermic) reaction an increase (or decrease) in pressure shifts the position of equilibrium in the direction that produces fewer (or more) moles of gas References to Le Chatelier's principle are not required 5.22 5.25: statements deleted & – 5.26 5.31: statements deleted – Organic chemistry The following sub-topics are covered in this section. Introduction oil Alkanes Alkenes
hydrochloric acid 3.16 Practical: investigate the effect of different solids on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution 4.17: becomes a practical statement (c) Reversible reactions and equilibria 3.17 know that some reactions are reversible and this is indicated by the symbol ⇌ in equations 4.22 3.18 describe reversible reactions such as the dehydration of hydrated copper(II) sulfate and the effect of heat on ammonium chloride 4.23 3.19C know that a reversible reaction can reach dynamic equilibrium in a sealed container 4.24: re-worded; also becomes a bold statement 3.20C know that the characteristics of a reaction at dynamic equilibrium are: the forward and reverse reactions at the same rate the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. 4.24: re-worded; also becomes a bold statement 3.21C understand why a catalyst does not affect the position of equilibrium in a reversible reaction New statement 3.22C know the effect of changing either temperature or pressure on the position of equilibrium in a reversible reaction: an increase (or decrease) in temperature shifts the position of equilibrium in the direction of the endothermic (or exothermic) reaction an increase (or decrease) in pressure shifts the position of equilibrium in the direction that produces fewer (or more) moles of gas References to Le Chatelier's principle are not required 4.25: re-worded; also becomes a bold statement 5.22 – 5.25: statements deleted & 5.26 – 5.31: statements deleted Organic chemistry The following sub-topics are covered in this section. Introduction oil Alkanes Alkenes
IGCSE-Chemistry-2017-mapping-document.docx