(d) Distillation Distillation is an improved evaporation both the solute and the solvent in the solution are separated /collected. Distillation therefore is the process of separating a solution into constituent solid solute and the solvent. It involves heating the solution to evaporate/vapourize the solvent out. The solvent vapour is then condensed back to a liquid. Experiment: To obtain copper(II)sulphate (VI) crystals and water from copper (II) sulphate(VI) solution. Procedure: Put one spatula end full of copper(II)sulphate (VI) crystals into a 250cm3 beaker. Place about 200cm3 of water into the beaker. Stir thoroughly using a glass/stirring rod for about one minute. Pour half portion of the contents in the beaker into a round bottomed/flat/conical flask broken porcelain/sand/glass into the flask. Put a few pieces of b Stopper the Connect the flask to a liebig condenser using delivery tube. Place a 200cm3 clean empty beaker/conical flask as a receiver at the end of the liebig condenser. Circulate water in the liebig condenser. Heat the strongly on a tripod stand with wire mesh/gauze until there is no more visible boiling bubbles in the flask. Observation Copper (II)sulphate (VI) crystals dissolve in water to form a blue solution. On heating, colourless liquid is collected in the receiver. Blue crystals are left in the flask. (if gently heated further, the blue crystals turn to white powder) Explanation On heating blue Copper (II)sulphate (VI) solution, the colourless liquid solvent evaporate/vapourize . The liquid vapour/gas passes through the delivery tube to the liebig condenser. The liebig condenser has a cold water inlet near the receiver and cold water out let. This ensures efficient cooling. If the cold water outlet/inlet is reversed, the water circulation would be less efficient. The water in the receiver would be warm.In the liebig condenser, the cold water,condenses the liquid vapour into liquid. The condensed liquid collects in the receiver as distillate.
(d) Distillation Distillation is an improved evaporation both the solute and the solvent in the solution are separated /collected. Distillation therefore is the process of separating a solution into constituent solid solute and the solvent. It involves heating the solution to evaporate/vapourize the solvent out. The solvent vapour is then condensed back to a liquid. Experiment: To obtain copper(II)sulphate (VI) crystals and water from copper (II) sulphate(VI) solution. Procedure: Put one spatula end full of copper(II)sulphate (VI) crystals into a 250cm3 beaker. Place about 200cm3 of water into the beaker. Stir thoroughly using a glass/stirring rod for about one minute. Pour half portion of the contents in the beaker into a round bottomed/flat/conical flask broken porcelain/sand/glass into the flask. Put a few pieces of b Stopper the Connect the flask to a liebig condenser using delivery tube. Place a 200cm3 clean empty beaker/conical flask as a receiver at the end of the liebig condenser. Circulate water in the liebig condenser. Heat the strongly on a tripod stand with wire mesh/gauze until there is no more visible boiling bubbles in the flask. Observation Copper (II)sulphate (VI) crystals dissolve in water to form a blue solution. On heating, colourless liquid is collected in the receiver. Blue crystals are left in the flask. (if gently heated further, the blue crystals turn to white powder) Explanation On heating blue Copper (II)sulphate (VI) solution, the colourless liquid solvent evaporate/vapourize . The liquid vapour/gas passes through the delivery tube to the liebig condenser. The liebig condenser has a cold water inlet near the receiver and cold water out let. This ensures efficient cooling. If the cold water outlet/inlet is reversed, the water circulation would be less efficient. The water in the receiver would be warm.In the liebig condenser, the cold water,condenses the liquid vapour into liquid. The condensed liquid collects in the receiver as distillate.
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