Use information (e.g., graph, model) Apply scientific principles to design, to identify a device (e.g., foam cup, construct, and test a device that MS-PS3-3 insulated box) that either minimizes either minimizes or maximizes or maximizes thermal energy transfer thermal energy transfer. (e.g., keeping liquids hot or cold). Identify how light waves, or sound Develop and use a to describe waves are reflected, absorbed, or that waves are reflected, absorbed, MS-PS4-2 transmitted through various materials or transmitted through various (e.g., water, air, glass) by using a materials. model. Define the criteria and constraints of Define a design problem that can be a design problem with sufficient solved through consideration of precision to ensure a successful criteria and constraints, potential solution, taking into account relevant MS-ETS1-1 impacts on people and the scientific principles and potential environment, and scientific or other impacts on people and the natural issues that are relevant to the environment that may limit possible problem. solutions. Evaluate competing design solutions Use a systematic process to evaluate using a systematic process to how well two different design MS-ETS1-2 determine how well they meet the solutions meet the criteria and criteria and constraints of the constraints of the problem. problem. Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among Analyze data from tests to identify several design solutions to identify how aspects of two different design MS-ETS1-3 the best characteristics of each that solutions can be modified or can be combined into a new solution combined to create a better solution. to better meet the criteria for success. Develop a model to generate data for Evaluate the data from various iterative testing and modification of a testing methods to modify a proposed MS-ETS1-4 proposed object, tool, or process object, tool, or process to optimize such that an optimal design can be the design solution. achieved.
MS-PS3-3 Apply scientific principles to design, construct, and test a device that either minimizes or maximizes thermal energy transfer. Use information (e.g., graph, model) to identify a device (e.g., foam cup, insulated box) that either minimizes or maximizes thermal energy transfer (e.g., keeping liquids hot or cold). MS-PS4-2 Develop and use a to describe that waves are reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through various materials. Identify how light waves, or sound waves are reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through various materials (e.g., water, air, glass) by using a model. MS-ETS1-1 Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions. Define a design problem that can be solved through consideration of criteria and constraints, potential impacts on people and the environment, and scientific or other issues that are relevant to the problem. MS-ETS1-2 Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. Use a systematic process to evaluate how well two different design solutions meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. MS-ETS1-3 Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. Analyze data from tests to identify how aspects of two different design solutions can be modified or combined to create a better solution. MS-ETS1-4 Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. Evaluate the data from various testing methods to modify a proposed object, tool, or process to optimize the design solution.
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