for immigrant children; however intersectional data is not included in the publicly available Census data. Poverty is exacerbated by other forms of race-based disadvantage. For example, the effects of poverty for children living on reserve are intensified by chronic underfunding of schools and child welfare services, crowded housing, and undrinkable water (see section 8 on Canada’s Relationship with Indigenous Peoples). The unavailability of affordable housing is compounded by racial discrimination in the housing market; for example, a 2009 study by the Center for Equality Rights in Accommodation found significant discrimination against renters on the basis of ethno-racial background, single parenthood, and mental illness. As noted above, the Federal government’s National Poverty Reduction Strategy makes little to no mention of communities of colour, rendering these communities invisible while their issues remain unaddressed. Ontario has had a Poverty Reduction Strategy since 2008, but analysis of the experiences and needs of peoples of colour has been marginal at best, and mention of these groups have in certain instances been erased from the Poverty Reduction Strategy altogether, despite the fact that they are included in the poverty reduction legislation as among those who experience heightened risk of poverty. Employment Discrimination and the Racial Wage Gap There are significant racialized wage and employment gaps in Canada. The 2006 mandatory long-form census evidenced a significant race and gender wage gap: women of colour made 53.4% as much as non-racialized (white) men; men of colour made 73.6% as much as men; and women of colour made 84.7% as much as non-racialized women. Data from the 2011 NHS also evidenced a racial wage gap that intersects with the gender wage gap: Indigenous women earn 10% less than Indigenous men, and 26% less than men; women of colour earn 21% less than racialized men, and 32% less than men; and immigrant women earn 25% less than immigrant men, and 28% less than non-immigrant men. Wage gaps increase for Indigenous women, women of colour, and immigrant women with university degrees; for example, Indigenous women with a university degree earn 24% less than Indigenous men with a university degree, and 33% less than non-Indigenous men with a university degree. A 2016 report by the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives and Oxfam concludes that hiring and wage setting practices are undermining the benefits “[d]iscriminatory of education for these groups.”
for immigrant children; however intersectional data is not included in the publicly available Census data. Poverty is exacerbated by other forms of race-based disadvantage. For example, the effects of poverty for children living on reserve are intensified by chronic underfunding of schools and child welfare services, crowded housing, and undrinkable water (see section 8 on Canada’s Relationship with Indigenous Peoples). The unavailability of affordable housing is compounded by racial discrimination in the housing market; for example, a 2009 study by the Center for Equality Rights in Accommodation found significant discrimination against renters on the basis of ethno-racial background, single parenthood, and mental illness. As noted above, the Federal government’s National Poverty Reduction Strategy makes little to no mention of communities of colour, rendering these communities invisible while their issues remain unaddressed. Ontario has had a Poverty Reduction Strategy since 2008, but analysis of the experiences and needs of peoples of colour has been marginal at best, and mention of these groups have in certain instances been erased from the Poverty Reduction Strategy altogether, despite the fact that they are included in the poverty reduction legislation as among those who experience heightened risk of poverty. Employment Discrimination and the Racial Wage Gap There are significant racialized wage and employment gaps in Canada. The 2006 mandatory long-form census evidenced a significant race and gender wage gap: women of colour made 53.4% as much as non-racialized (white) men; men of colour made 73.6% as much as men; and women of colour made 84.7% as much as non-racialized women. Data from the 2011 NHS also evidenced a racial wage gap that intersects with the gender wage gap: Indigenous women earn 10% less than Indigenous men, and 26% less than men; women of colour earn 21% less than racialized men, and 32% less than men; and immigrant women earn 25% less than immigrant men, and 28% less than non-immigrant men. Wage gaps increase for Indigenous women, women of colour, and immigrant women with university degrees; for example, Indigenous women with a university degree earn 24% less than Indigenous men with a university degree, and 33% less than non-Indigenous men with a university degree. A 2016 report by the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives and Oxfam concludes that “[d]iscriminatory hiring and wage setting practices are undermining the benefits of education for these groups.”
INT_CERD_NGO_CAN_28044_E.docx