children (an average loss of over £2,300 per year) than for families with one child (just over £300 per year) or two children (just over £400 per year). Figure 11: Cash impacts of reforms made during 2010-15 and 2015-17 Parliaments, by number of children in household Note: Annual cash impact of 2010-17 reforms in 2021-22. Impacts by gender and income decile Figure 12 shows the impact of direct tax and welfare reforms, and the minimum wage changes, at the individual level, with individuals classified according to the net income decile of the household they live in. For individuals living in a couple, the allocation of changes to income from changes to the benefits and tax credit system (and UC) requires assumptions about how income from the benefit system is shared within couples. The key findings from Figure 12 are as follows: Women lose more than men from the reforms at every income level. (Overall, women lose around £940 per year on average from the reforms compared with losses of around £460 for men). The biggest average cash losses for both men and are in decile 2 (around £1,200 per year for men and £1,600 for women respectively). The smallest difference between average annual losses for men and women is in the lowest decile (just over £800 for men and around £1,000 for women). The biggest difference is in decile 7 (around £220 for men, around £740 for women). In deciles 8 and 9, the impact of reforms for men is close to zero, but women in these deciles experience average losses (around £400 in each case). In decile 10, men gain on average by just under £200 per year, but women lose just under £500 per year.
children (an average loss of over £2,300 per year) than for families with one child (just over £300 per year) or two children (just over £400 per year). Figure 11: Cash impacts of reforms made during 2010-15 and 2015-17 Parliaments, by number of children in household Note: Annual cash impact of 2010-17 reforms in 2021-22. Impacts by gender and income decile Figure 12 shows the impact of direct tax and welfare reforms, and the minimum wage changes, at the individual level, with individuals classified according to the net income decile of the household they live in. For individuals living in a couple, the allocation of changes to income from changes to the benefits and tax credit system (and UC) requires assumptions about how income from the benefit system is shared within couples. The key findings from Figure 12 are as follows: Women lose more than men from the reforms at every income level. (Overall, women lose around £940 per year on average from the reforms compared with losses of around £460 for men). The biggest average cash losses for both men and are in decile 2 (around £1,200 per year for men and £1,600 for women respectively). The smallest difference between average annual losses for men and women is in the lowest decile (just over £800 for men and around £1,000 for women). The biggest difference is in decile 7 (around £220 for men, around £740 for women). In deciles 8 and 9, the impact of reforms for men is close to zero, but women in these deciles experience average losses (around £400 in each case). In decile 10, men gain on average by just under £200 per year, but women lose just under £500 per year.
impact-of-tax-and-welfare-reforms-2010-2017-interim-report-accessible.docx