away from it. Monitoring will provide information about the status and trends of resources or projects, but it should not be used to determine cause and effect. Monitoring is a type of evaluation performed a project is being implemented, with the aim of improving the project design and functioning while in action. Thus monitoring embodies the regular tracking of inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes and impacts of development activities at the project, program, sector and national levels. Monitoring and evaluation are synergistic. Monitoring information is a necessary but not sufficient input to the conduct of rigorous evaluations. While monitoring information can be collected and used for ongoing management purposes, reliance on such information on its own can introduce distortions because it typically covers only certain dimensions of a project or program activities, and careful use of this information is needed to avoid unintended behavioural incentives. In contrast, evaluation has the potential to provide a more balanced interpretation of performance. But evaluation is a more detailed and time-consuming activity, and because of its greater cost it needs to be conducted more sparingly. One approach is to rely on monitoring information to identify potential problem issues requiring more detailed investigation. M&E can be conducted using a wide array of tools, methods and approaches. These include, for example: performance monitoring indicators; the logical framework; theory-based evaluation; formal Researches such as service delivery Researches, citizen report cards, living standards measurement Researches (LSMS) and core welfare indicators questionnaires (CWIQ); rapid appraisal methods such as key
away from it. Monitoring will provide information about the status and trends of resources or projects, but it should not be used to determine cause and effect. Monitoring is a type of evaluation performed a project is being implemented, with the aim of improving the project design and functioning while in action. Thus monitoring embodies the regular tracking of inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes and impacts of development activities at the project, program, sector and national levels. Monitoring and evaluation are synergistic. Monitoring information is a necessary but not sufficient input to the conduct of rigorous evaluations. While monitoring information can be collected and used for ongoing management purposes, reliance on such information on its own can introduce distortions because it typically covers only certain dimensions of a project or program activities, and careful use of this information is needed to avoid unintended behavioural incentives. In contrast, evaluation has the potential to provide a more balanced interpretation of performance. But evaluation is a more detailed and time-consuming activity, and because of its greater cost it needs to be conducted more sparingly. One approach is to rely on monitoring information to identify potential problem issues requiring more detailed investigation. M&E can be conducted using a wide array of tools, methods and approaches. These include, for example: performance monitoring indicators; the logical framework; theory-based evaluation; formal Researches such as service delivery Researches, citizen report cards, living standards measurement Researches (LSMS) and core welfare indicators questionnaires (CWIQ); rapid appraisal methods such as key
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