The term is intended here in the meaning used in “sign” semiotics. An is an abstract entity distinct from the expression carriers used to record it. An is the specific intellectual or artistic form that a expression takes each time it is encompasses, work Expression “realized”. for example, the specific words, sentences, paragraphs, etc. that result from the realization of a in the form of a text, work or the particular sounds, phrasing, etc. resulting from the realization of a musical The boundaries of the entity work. are defined, however, so as to exclude incidental expression aspects of physical form, such as typeface and page layout for a text, unless, due to the nature of the these are integral work, to the intellectual or artistic realization of the as such. work An comes into existence simultaneously with the expression creation of its first no can exist manifestation, expression without there being (or there having been at some point in the past) at least one manifestation. The process of abstraction leading to the identification of the entity indicates that the intellectual or artistic expression content embodied in one is in fact the same, or manifestation substantially the same, as that embodied in another even though the physical embodiment may manifestation differ and differing attributes of the may manifestations obscure the fact that the content is similar in both. On a practical the degree to which bibliographic distinctions are made between variant of a expressions work will depend to some extent on the nature of the itself, on work the anticipated needs of users and on what the cataloguer can reasonably be expected to recognize from the instance of the being described. manifestation Variations within substantially the same (e.g., expression slight variations that can be noticed between two states of the same edition in the case of hand press production) would be ignored in most applications. However, for some applications of the model (e.g., comprehensive databases of early printed texts, complete listings of the states of prints), each variation may be viewed as a different expression. Inasmuch as the form of is an inherent expression characteristic of the any change in form (e.g., from expression, written notation to spoken word) results in a new expression. Similarly, changes in the intellectual conventions or instruments that are employed to express a (e.g., work
The term “sign” is intended here in the meaning used in semiotics. An expression is an abstract entity distinct from the carriers used to record it. An expression is the specific intellectual or artistic form that a work takes each time it is “realized”. Expression encompasses, for example, the specific words, sentences, paragraphs, etc. that result from the realization of a work in the form of a text, or the particular sounds, phrasing, etc. resulting from the realization of a musical work. The boundaries of the entity expression are defined, however, so as to exclude incidental aspects of physical form, such as typeface and page layout for a text, unless, due to the nature of the work, these are integral to the intellectual or artistic realization of the work as such. An expression comes into existence simultaneously with the creation of its first manifestation, no expression can exist without there being (or there having been at some point in the past) at least one manifestation. The process of abstraction leading to the identification of the entity expression indicates that the intellectual or artistic content embodied in one manifestation is in fact the same, or substantially the same, as that embodied in another manifestation even though the physical embodiment may differ and differing attributes of the manifestations may obscure the fact that the content is similar in both. On a practical the degree to which bibliographic distinctions are made between variant expressions of a work will depend to some extent on the nature of the work itself, on the anticipated needs of users and on what the cataloguer can reasonably be expected to recognize from the instance of the manifestation being described. Variations within substantially the same expression (e.g., slight variations that can be noticed between two states of the same edition in the case of hand press production) would be ignored in most applications. However, for some applications of the model (e.g., comprehensive databases of early printed texts, complete listings of the states of prints), each variation may be viewed as a different expression. Inasmuch as the form of expression is an inherent characteristic of the expression, any change in form (e.g., from written notation to spoken word) results in a new expression. Similarly, changes in the intellectual conventions or instruments that are employed to express a work (e.g.,
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