Cochrane activities. weight loss (about 2 kg or less). There was no conclusive evidence Database of TTM SOC combined with diet, for sustainable weight loss. Systematic PA and other interventions However, TTM SOC and a Reviews had a positive impact on fruit combination of physical activity, and vegetable consumption as diet and other interventions well as increased exercise tended to produce significant outcomes behaviour that were outcomes (particularly change Overweight and sustainable over longer periods in physical activity and dietary obese working (12 to 24 months). intake). TTM SOC was used age adults inconsistently as a theoretical framework for intervention in the trials. Death and weight gain are the two adverse events reported by the included trials. None of the trials reported health-related quality of life, morbidity, and costs as outcomes. Foster, C, 2006 Changes to There are insufficient numbers Systematic review . This F. The evidence physical of well-designed studies to Physical & policy changes to intervention is is inconsistent Environment activity draw conclusions about what is environment implemented and it is not effective in relation to physical Nineteen studies used health locally in some possible to interventions changes to working practices, education materials to promote areas but does draw a National policies and physical stair climbing in a variety of not have a conclusion but Institute for environment. settings. Six studies made physical consistent it tends There are insufficient changes to an environment, with national towards no Health and studies to draw some interventions supporting this programme or effect Clinical conclusions about what is process with policy and regulatory a co-ordinated Excellence effective in relation to use of changes. Most of the included approach newly developed cycling and studies contained significant [Evidence walking paths. methodological limitations such as Review] Changing the environment lack of a control or comparator (all
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Overweight and obese working age adults activities. TTM SOC combined with diet, PA and other interventions had a positive impact on fruit and vegetable consumption as well as increased exercise outcomes behaviour that were sustainable over longer periods (12 to 24 months). weight loss (about 2 kg or less). There was no conclusive evidence for sustainable weight loss. However, TTM SOC and a combination of physical activity, diet and other interventions tended to produce significant outcomes (particularly change in physical activity and dietary intake). TTM SOC was used inconsistently as a theoretical framework for intervention in the trials. Death and weight gain are the two adverse events reported by the included trials. None of the trials reported health-related quality of life, morbidity, and costs as outcomes. Foster, C, 2006 Environment interventions National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence [Evidence Review] Changes to physical activity There are insufficient numbers of well-designed studies to draw conclusions about what is effective in relation to physical changes to working practices, policies and physical environment. There are insufficient studies to draw conclusions about what is effective in relation to use of newly developed cycling and walking paths. Changing the environment Systematic review . Physical & policy changes to environment Nineteen studies used health education materials to promote stair climbing in a variety of settings. Six studies made physical changes to an environment, with some interventions supporting this process with policy and regulatory changes. Most of the included studies contained significant methodological limitations such as lack of a control or comparator (all This intervention is implemented locally in some areas but does not have a consistent national programme or a co-ordinated approach F. The evidence is inconsistent and it is not possible to draw a conclusion but it tends towards no effect
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