energy carriers Poor indoor air quality – Energy efficiency humidity and mould Energy efficiency rating of built fabric Deterioration of built fabric and equipment and worsened energy performance Household type Worsened physical and Needs Additional energy mental health needs Rationing of energy services Low take up of support Lack of policy Practices schemes recognition Unjust pricing and taxation schemes These general approaches translate into three main methods of measurement: Expenditure approach – where examinations of the energy costs faced by households against absolute or relative thresholds provide a proxy for estimating the extent of domestic energy deprivation; Consensual approach – based on self-reported assessments of indoor housing conditions, and the ability to attain certain basic necessities relative to the society in which a household resides; Direct measurement – where the level of energy services (such as heating) achieved in the home is compared to a set standard. The subsequent section is arranged thematically according to the main approaches that can be used to measure energy poverty: expenditure, consensual, and direct measurement. For each approach the key features and requirements are outlined, followed by a discussion of how the approach can be applied at the EU level, ending with a presentation of key studies. Expenditure approach Key features, requirements and approaches
energy carriers Energy efficiency Energy efficiency rating of built fabric and equipment Poor indoor air quality – humidity and mould Deterioration of built fabric and worsened energy performance Needs Household type Additional energy needs Worsened physical and mental health Practices Lack of policy recognition Rationing of energy services Low take up of support schemes Unjust pricing and taxation schemes These general approaches translate into three main methods of measurement: Expenditure approach – where examinations of the energy costs faced by households against absolute or relative thresholds provide a proxy for estimating the extent of domestic energy deprivation; Consensual approach – based on self-reported assessments of indoor housing conditions, and the ability to attain certain basic necessities relative to the society in which a household resides; Direct measurement – where the level of energy services (such as heating) achieved in the home is compared to a set standard. The subsequent section is arranged thematically according to the main approaches that can be used to measure energy poverty: expenditure, consensual, and direct measurement. For each approach the key features and requirements are outlined, followed by a discussion of how the approach can be applied at the EU level, ending with a presentation of key studies. Expenditure approach Key features, requirements and approaches
IBE_EPMeasurement_Post_print.docx