Perceived Perceived Perceived Perceived Perceived Civility Politeness Ineffectiveness Opposition to Partisan Slant Mean Mean Mean (4-point Pipelines Mean Mean (5-point point scale point scale scale with (5-point scale scale with higher with higher with higher higher scores with higher scores indicating scores scores indicating scores more indicating indicating ineffective) indication more Republican) more civil) being opposition) politer) MSNBC Uncivil 1.50 1.44 2.78 4.72 1.32 (std. dev.: (.76; 32) (.71; 32) (.73; 32) (.79; 31) .67; N = 32) MSNBC Civil 2.50*** 2.50*** 2.79 4.70 1.40 (1.15; 20) (.89; 20) (.79; 19) (.73; 20) (.88; 20) Fox News 1.47 1.42 2.58 1.47 4.53 Uncivil (.70; 19) (.51; 19) (.67; 19) (1.07; 19) (.84; 19) Fox News Civil 2.82*** 2.77*** 2.94 1.65 4.41 (1.19; 17) (1.25; 17) (.90; 17) (1.12; 17) (1.00; 17) Table A1: Pre-Test Results Note: *** ** * for two-tailed tests. All tests are within-source p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.1 (e.g., MSNBC Uncivil versus MSNBC Civil). Finally, we note that our main outcome measures in the experiment come from prior work: favorability from Lavine et al. (2012: 57-58), thermometer ratings from Levendusky and Malhotra (2016: appendix 5), and trust from Levendusky (2013: 174). 3. Composition of our Sample We hired the firm Bovitz Inc. to conduct the survey. They collected the data from a but representative (on all key census demographics), sample of the United States. The survey was administered via the Internet. Table A2 below compares our sample to the 2015 American Community Survey, the most recent estimate of the characteristics of the U.S. population. Census Bureau’s
Perceived Civility Mean scale with higher scores indicating more civil) Perceived Politeness Mean scale with higher scores indicating being politer) Perceived Ineffectiveness Mean (4-point scale with higher scores indicating ineffective) Perceived Opposition to Pipelines Mean (5-point scale with higher scores indication more opposition) Perceived Partisan Slant Mean (5-point scale with higher scores indicating more Republican) MSNBC Uncivil 1.50 (std. dev.: .67; N = 32) 1.44 (.76; 32) 2.78 (.71; 32) 4.72 (.73; 32) 1.32 (.79; 31) MSNBC Civil 2.50*** (1.15; 20) 2.50*** (.89; 20) 2.79 (.79; 19) 4.70 (.73; 20) 1.40 (.88; 20) Fox News Uncivil 1.47 (.70; 19) 1.42 (.51; 19) 2.58 (.67; 19) 1.47 (1.07; 19) 4.53 (.84; 19) Fox News Civil 2.82*** (1.19; 17) 2.77*** (1.25; 17) 2.94 (.90; 17) 1.65 (1.12; 17) 4.41 (1.00; 17) Table A1: Pre-Test Results Note: *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1 for two-tailed tests. All tests are within-source (e.g., MSNBC Uncivil versus MSNBC Civil). Finally, we note that our main outcome measures in the experiment come from prior work: favorability from Lavine et al. (2012: 57-58), thermometer ratings from Levendusky and Malhotra (2016: appendix 5), and trust from Levendusky (2013: 174). 3. Composition of our Sample We hired the firm Bovitz Inc. to conduct the survey. They collected the data from a but representative (on all key census demographics), sample of the United States. The survey was administered via the Internet. Table A2 below compares our sample to the 2015 American Community Survey, the Census Bureau’s most recent estimate of the characteristics of the U.S. population. point point
How%20Incivility%20Supplemental%20Appendix.docx