[] None Silica NP in C / SiO2 NP Enclosure N/A SEM/EDX: particles Exposure in SPHERE UV (weathering) epoxy (EPON NM detected and identified. chamber (NIST) 828) None MWCNT in C / MWCNT Enclosure N/A SEM/EDX: no CNT Exposure in SPHERE UV (weathering) epoxy NM detected in release chamber container [] Weathering + TiO2 C / TiO2 NP Enclosure Fig5: mode peak Not investigated Wear processes: fanning + paint NM initially at 55nm; UV exposure • abrasion) (Allstar, Taiwan) moves to w fan blower ≈125nm • time. rubber knife • [] Milling Li-titanate metal NM Li-Ti-MO - Data for Wet Mill Use CPC and OPC in oxide (Li-Ti MO) (Table I), using combination. PVC membrane: 0.026 mg/m3 [] Grinding Silver colloid NM Ag NP Vent hood above Opening grinder and NP grinder, local 2 modes appear at 20nm and 25nm Ø. [] Grinder Granite (C) None Stainless-steel SMPS-APS data TEM images of mostly • (Dremel Clay ceramic chamber, analysed by fitting coarse particles. • Multipro 395) Oak hardwood air (air cleaner two modes: • ACE mod 73-800G) ultra-fine: 9-10nm; oak ≈35nm coarse: 0.6–3.8 µm [] FSW Aluminium (C) None Snorkel fume High RPM gen. Modes: 550nm from Sampl. locations: alloys: extractors (LEV): more dust mass / workpiece; TP: at BZ 6061-T6 Turned off during exp. coarse pp. Low 30nm Zn from lubricant. ESP: at source • 5083-H111 RPM gen. more Increase to 125nm by PWRAS: near BZ • agglomeration;
[] None (weathering) Silica NP in epoxy (EPON 828) C / NM SiO2 NP Enclosure N/A SEM/EDX: particles detected and identified. Exposure in SPHERE UV chamber (NIST) None (weathering) MWCNT in epoxy C / NM MWCNT Enclosure N/A SEM/EDX: no CNT detected in release container Exposure in SPHERE UV chamber [] Weathering + fanning + abrasion) TiO2 paint (Allstar, Taiwan) C / NM TiO2 NP Enclosure Fig5: mode peak initially at 55nm; moves to ≈125nm w time. Not investigated Wear processes: • UV exposure • fan blower • rubber knife [] Milling Li-titanate metal oxide (Li-Ti MO) NM Li-Ti-MO - Data for Wet Mill (Table I), using PVC membrane: 0.026 mg/m3 Use CPC and OPC in combination. [] Grinding Silver colloid and NP NM Ag NP Vent hood above grinder, local Opening grinder 2 modes appear at 20nm and 25nm Ø. [] Grinder (Dremel Multipro 395) • Granite • Clay ceramic • Oak hardwood (C) None Stainless-steel chamber, air (air cleaner ACE mod 73-800G) SMPS-APS data analysed by fitting two modes: ultra-fine: 9-10nm; oak ≈35nm coarse: 0.6–3.8 µm TEM images of mostly coarse particles. [] FSW Aluminium alloys: • 6061-T6 • 5083-H111 (C) None Snorkel fume extractors (LEV): Turned off during exp. High RPM gen. more dust mass / coarse pp. Low RPM gen. more Modes: 550nm from workpiece; 30nm Zn from lubricant. Increase to 125nm by agglomeration; Sampl. locations: TP: at BZ ESP: at source PWRAS: near BZ
investigating-emissions-composites-maching-processes.docx