Melody Rhythm Instruments and Dynamics Harmony Tempo how they are used Syncopation Repetition Brass Trumpet, French Horn, Trombone, pp pianissimo very quiet – – – Sequence Tuba quiet. Repetition p piano – – Imitation Woodwind Piccolo, Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Ostinato mp mezzo piano – – – Modulation Bassoon, Saxophone, Recorder moderately quiet. Anacrusis Chords/ Discords Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass, mezzo forte Strings mf Beats in a bar / – – – Broken Chords Harp moderately loud. Time Signature: Suspensions Percussion Xylophone, Glockenspiel, loud. f forte – – – 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, Simple Scales: Timpani, Triangle, Snare Drum, Drumkit, very loud ff fortissimo – – Time Major/Minor, Bass Drum, Tambourine, Castanets 6/8 Compound Time – Chromatic, Piano, Synthesizer, Keyboard Changes of dynamic – Speed: Allegro Fast – Pentatonic Harpsichord, Organ getting louder crescendo – Adagio Slow – Question & Soprano, Mezzo Soprano, Alto, getting Voices diminuendo – – Andante walking pace – Answer Tenor, Baritone, Bass quieter. Moderato moderate – Glissando Electric, Acoustic, Bass, Banjo Guitars – Speed Changes: Homophonic/ Solo, Melody, Countermelody Accelerando faster – Polyphonic Accompaniment, Chords, Broken Chords Rallentando slower – Ornaments: trill, Glissando, Arpeggios Rubato with freedom – grace notes Arco bowed, Grace notes, ornaments – Dotted Rhythms Legato /Staccato Muted, Pizzicato - plucked Scotch Snap Unison/Harmony Col Legno wood of bow, Double Stopping – Pedal Female: Soprano, Mezzo Soprano, Alto Melismatic/ Male: Tenor, Baritone, Bass Syllabic Solo; Accompaniment; Melody; Countermelody
Melody Harmony Rhythm Tempo Instruments and how they are used Dynamics Repetition Sequence Imitation Modulation Chords/ Discords Broken Chords Suspensions Scales: Major/Minor, Chromatic, Pentatonic Question & Answer Glissando Homophonic/ Polyphonic Ornaments: trill, grace notes Legato /Staccato Unison/Harmony Pedal Melismatic/ Syllabic Syncopation Repetition Ostinato Anacrusis Beats in a bar / Time Signature: 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, Simple Time 6/8 – Compound Time Speed: Allegro – Fast Adagio – Slow Andante – walking pace Moderato – moderate Speed Changes: Accelerando – faster Rallentando – slower Rubato – with freedom Dotted Rhythms Scotch Snap Brass – Trumpet, French Horn, Trombone, Tuba Woodwind – Piccolo, Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon, Saxophone, Recorder Strings – Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass, Harp Percussion – Xylophone, Glockenspiel, Timpani, Triangle, Snare Drum, Drumkit, Bass Drum, Tambourine, Castanets Keyboard – Piano, Synthesizer, Harpsichord, Organ Voices – Soprano, Mezzo Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Baritone, Bass Guitars – Electric, Acoustic, Bass, Banjo Solo, Melody, Countermelody Accompaniment, Chords, Broken Chords Glissando, Arpeggios Arco – bowed, Grace notes, ornaments Muted, Pizzicato - plucked Col Legno – wood of bow, Double Stopping Female: Soprano, Mezzo Soprano, Alto Male: Tenor, Baritone, Bass Solo; Accompaniment; Melody; Countermelody pp – pianissimo – very quiet p – piano – quiet. mp – mezzo piano – moderately quiet. mf – mezzo forte – moderately loud. f – forte – loud. ff – fortissimo – very loud Changes of dynamic crescendo – getting louder diminuendo – getting quieter.
higher_understanding_music_revision_booklet.docx