4 years Can catch, throw, bounce and Takes turn and shares Can understand some human Can use two or more personal kick a ball feelings pronouns Play shows understanding of Can confidently walk up and complex social situations Can compare sizes of objects Can tell a story down stairs one step at a time Plays with rather than alongside Can count from one to five with Can hold conversations Can run well on flat surfaces other children comprehension Understands prepositions Can climb playground ladders Can play games with simple Can create play stories with Speech is easily understood by rules different roles Can pedal tricycle strangers Can do up buttons, put on socks and shoes 5 years Can easily catch and throw a Has learnt social skills: to Able to compare speed e.g. Able to hold a long, intelligible ball negotiate, share, avoid conflict faster, slower conversation Can run well on tiptoes Can count up to 20 Understands opposites, similarities between objects, Skilfully climbs, slides, swings Beginning to understand prepositions, personal pronouns concept of time; morning, Can walk along narrow line afternoon Learning to write Skips on alternate feet Knows home address: street number and name Stands on either foot for 10 seconds without losing balance Money: beginning to recognise and remember values of coins Can use knife and fork and notes Uses scissors to cut out simple Can dress self appropriately shapes without assistance Holds pencil or crayon very precisely using thumb and index finger This guide is by no means comprehensive. Further and more detailed guidance may be obtained from the following: References Sheridan, M., Sharma, A., Cockerill, H., (2007) From Birth to Five Years: Developmental Progress 3rd Ed Routledge Children’s
4 years Can catch, throw, bounce and kick a ball Can confidently walk up and down stairs one step at a time Can run well on flat surfaces Can climb playground ladders Can pedal tricycle Takes turn and shares Play shows understanding of complex social situations Plays with rather than alongside other children Can play games with simple rules Can understand some human feelings Can compare sizes of objects Can count from one to five with comprehension Can create play stories with different roles Can do up buttons, put on socks and shoes Can use two or more personal pronouns Can tell a story Can hold conversations Understands prepositions Speech is easily understood by strangers 5 years Can easily catch and throw a ball Can run well on tiptoes Skilfully climbs, slides, swings Can walk along narrow line Skips on alternate feet Stands on either foot for 10 seconds without losing balance Can use knife and fork Uses scissors to cut out simple shapes Holds pencil or crayon very precisely using thumb and index finger Has learnt social skills: to negotiate, share, avoid conflict Able to compare speed e.g. faster, slower Can count up to 20 Beginning to understand concept of time; morning, afternoon Knows home address: street number and name Money: beginning to recognise and remember values of coins and notes Can dress self appropriately without assistance Able to hold a long, intelligible conversation Understands opposites, similarities between objects, prepositions, personal pronouns Learning to write This guide is by no means comprehensive. Further and more detailed guidance may be obtained from the following: References Sheridan, M., Sharma, A., Cockerill, H., (2007) From Birth to Five Years: Children’s Developmental Progress 3rd Ed Routledge
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