OPC Conventional Car Using Petrol from Crude Oil 6.12 GNOLC1 Norwegian Pipeline Without Norway 2009 Grid 2.67 Offshore CCS Gas GNCLC1 Norwegian Pipeline With Norway 2009 Grid 2.84 Offshore CCS(c) Gas GROLC1 Russian Pipeline Without EU-27 2009 Grid 3.92 Onshore CCS Gas GROLC2 Russian Pipeline Without EU-27 2030 Grid 3.67 Onshore CCS Gas GRCLC1 Russian Pipeline With EU-27 2009 Grid 4.09 Onshore CCS(d) Gas GRCLC2 Russian Pipeline With EU-27 2030 Grid 3.82 Onshore CCS(d) Gas GQOLC1 Qatari LNG Ship Without EU-27 2009 Grid 3.73 Offshore CCS Gas GQOLC2 Qatari LNG Ship Without EU-27 2030 Grid 3.48 Offshore CCS Gas GQCLC1 Qatari LNG Ship With EU-27 2009 Grid 3.93 Offshore CCS(d) Gas GQCLC2 Qatari LNG Ship With EU-27 2030 Grid 3.65 Offshore CCS(d) Gas Notes (a) Means of transport of natural gas from source to steam reformer in EU. (b) Source of electricity for use in steam reformer, liquefaction of hydrogen for delivery and refuelling station. (c) Carbon capture and storage from natural gas processing as well as steam reformer. (d) Carbon capture and storage from steam reformer only. Contributions to total primary energy inputs of H2 pathways from H2 production, H2 compression or liquefaction (depending on Case Code), H2 fuel delivery, H2 refuelling and H2 utilisation in fuel cell vehicles are presented in Figures 1 to 4. It should be noted that the contributions from H2 utilisation in fuel cell vehicles is due to vehicle manufacture, maintenance and decommissioning. Figures 1 to 4 indicate that this contribution and that of H2 production dominate estimated total primary energy inputs. Figure 1 Contributions to Total Primary Energy Inputs for Fuel Cell Buses Using Hydrogen Produced from Natural Gas by Steam Reforming and Delivered as Compressed Fuel to Refuelling Stations: Consequential LCA Methodology
OPC Conventional Car Using Petrol from Crude Oil 6.12 GNOLC1 Norwegian Offshore Gas Pipeline Without CCS Norway 2009 Grid 2.67 GNCLC1 Norwegian Offshore Gas Pipeline With CCS(c) Norway 2009 Grid 2.84 GROLC1 Russian Onshore Gas Pipeline Without CCS EU-27 2009 Grid 3.92 GROLC2 Russian Onshore Gas Pipeline Without CCS EU-27 2030 Grid 3.67 GRCLC1 Russian Onshore Gas Pipeline With CCS(d) EU-27 2009 Grid 4.09 GRCLC2 Russian Onshore Gas Pipeline With CCS(d) EU-27 2030 Grid 3.82 GQOLC1 Qatari Offshore Gas LNG Ship Without CCS EU-27 2009 Grid 3.73 GQOLC2 Qatari Offshore Gas LNG Ship Without CCS EU-27 2030 Grid 3.48 GQCLC1 Qatari Offshore Gas LNG Ship With CCS(d) EU-27 2009 Grid 3.93 GQCLC2 Qatari Offshore Gas LNG Ship With CCS(d) EU-27 2030 Grid 3.65 Notes (a) Means of transport of natural gas from source to steam reformer in EU. (b) Source of electricity for use in steam reformer, liquefaction of hydrogen for delivery and refuelling station. (c) Carbon capture and storage from natural gas processing as well as steam reformer. (d) Carbon capture and storage from steam reformer only. Contributions to total primary energy inputs of H2 pathways from H2 production, H2 compression or liquefaction (depending on Case Code), H2 fuel delivery, H2 refuelling and H2 utilisation in fuel cell vehicles are presented in Figures 1 to 4. It should be noted that the contributions from H2 utilisation in fuel cell vehicles is due to vehicle manufacture, maintenance and decommissioning. Figures 1 to 4 indicate that this contribution and that of H2 production dominate estimated total primary energy inputs. Figure 1 Contributions to Total Primary Energy Inputs for Fuel Cell Buses Using Hydrogen Produced from Natural Gas by Steam Reforming and Delivered as Compressed Fuel to Refuelling Stations: Consequential LCA Methodology
IDEALHY_D3.17_Final%20%28ID%202849532%29.docx