preference, reduced sugar reporting statistically significant reduction consumption, increased in reducing food consumption/energy nutritional knowledge intake and increasing nutritional knowledge. Smaller but positive effect also on fruit and veg consumption and preference. Cross-curricula and enhanced curricula approaches were also helpful. Langellotto SR and MA Gardening effect on Children from Not 20 QES (most included control, but not Protect Small effect and Gupta nutrition knowledge, Kindergarten to reported randomised). sizes and low 2012 Level-III preferences for fruit and Grade 12 in USA Participating in nutrition education fail-safe or vegetables, programmes lead to increase in nutritional numbers in the consumption of fruit and knowledge. However, increased preference meta-analyses, or vegetables. and consumption were primarily indicating need documented in the gardening programmes. for more studies Gardening increased vegetable to be confident consumption, whereas the impacts of in findings. nutrition education programmes were marginal or non-significant. Hypothesis to explain results: gardening increases access and decreases reluctance to try new foods. SR of CT, Garden-based nutrition 5-15 year olds in 11 studies: 5 CT (3 compared gardening Usually QES and education on fruit and/or USA with standard nutrition education alone), 5 Possibly convenience 2009 QUAL vegetable intake, 5 interventions QES, 1 QUAL protective samples with willingness to taste fruits were limited Level-III and vegetables, 3 Garden-based nutrition-education (6 months preferences for fruits and and 3 programmes may have the potential to was longest) vegetables, and other community-based lead to improvements in fruit and veg nutrition-related intake, willingness to taste fruit and veg outcomes and increased preferences for fruit and veg when these are low among youth. However, difficult to make conclusions based on limited evidence. Notes: 1. type [systematic review (SR) may include meta-analysis (MA), randomised controlled trial or randomised cross-over trials (RCT), non-randomised and quasi-experimental studies (QES), prospective and retrospective cohort studies (PCS, RCS), case series, case reports, case-control and cross-sectional studies (CS), qualitative studies (QUAL)] with level of evidence. 2. include definitions and outcome of interest: diet*(intake, patterns, quality), fruit/veg intake, body size, BMI, weight, weight gain, weight maintenance, weight loss, overweight, obesity.
preference, reduced sugar consumption, increased nutritional knowledge reporting statistically significant reduction in reducing food consumption/energy intake and increasing nutritional knowledge. Smaller but positive effect also on fruit and veg consumption and preference. Cross-curricula and enhanced curricula approaches were also helpful. Langellotto and Gupta 2012 SR and MA Level-III Gardening effect on nutrition knowledge, preferences for fruit and or vegetables, consumption of fruit and or vegetables. Children from Kindergarten to Grade 12 in USA Not reported 20 QES (most included control, but not randomised). Participating in nutrition education programmes lead to increase in nutritional knowledge. However, increased preference and consumption were primarily documented in the gardening programmes. Gardening increased vegetable consumption, whereas the impacts of nutrition education programmes were marginal or non-significant. Hypothesis to explain results: gardening increases access and decreases reluctance to try new foods. Protect Small effect sizes and low fail-safe numbers in the meta-analyses, indicating need for more studies to be confident in findings. 2009 SR of CT, QES and QUAL Level-III Garden-based nutrition education on fruit and/or vegetable intake, willingness to taste fruits and vegetables, preferences for fruits and vegetables, and other nutrition-related outcomes 5-15 year olds in USA 5 interventions were 3 and 3 community-based 11 studies: 5 CT (3 compared gardening with standard nutrition education alone), 5 QES, 1 QUAL Garden-based nutrition-education programmes may have the potential to lead to improvements in fruit and veg intake, willingness to taste fruit and veg and increased preferences for fruit and veg when these are low among youth. However, difficult to make conclusions based on limited evidence. Possibly protective Usually convenience samples with limited (6 months was longest) Notes: 1. type [systematic review (SR) may include meta-analysis (MA), randomised controlled trial or randomised cross-over trials (RCT), non-randomised and quasi-experimental studies (QES), prospective and retrospective cohort studies (PCS, RCS), case series, case reports, case-control and cross-sectional studies (CS), qualitative studies (QUAL)] with level of evidence. 2. include definitions and outcome of interest: diet*(intake, patterns, quality), fruit/veg intake, body size, BMI, weight, weight gain, weight maintenance, weight loss, overweight, obesity.
how-we-eat-may17.docx