INTERmolecular Forces- (forces between molecules) Strength Electrostatic > Hydrogen Bonding > Dipole-Dipole > London Dispersion Forces In General the higher the molecular weight (formula mass) the higher the m.p. or b.p. will be Electrostatic this force is the essence of NaF, CaO, NaCl, MgO & this force will cause m.p. the ionic bond many more and b.p. to be the highest cation to anion the force between a metal the strongest force! & a polyatomic ion Mg+2 to ClO3 -1 Hydrogen Bonding the force of attraction Best examples are causes inordinately high H2O between hydrogen and a m.p. and b.p. neighboring polar NH3 molecule one of the strongest intermolecular forces HF (electrostatic is the strongest) Dipole-Dipole this is an attraction that Examples are dipole forces cause happens in all polar higher m.p. or b.p. than HCl, H2S, covalent molecules any nonpolar molecules HBr will have + to - London Dispersion H2, CCl4, SO3, a temporary shift of happens in ALL electrons molecules but it is the Forces N2, CH4, O2 only force in nonpolar are examples a momentary dipole molecules an instantaneous dipole
INTERmolecular Forces- (forces between molecules) Strength Electrostatic > Hydrogen Bonding > Dipole-Dipole > London Dispersion Forces In General the higher the molecular weight (formula mass) the higher the m.p. or b.p. will be Electrostatic this force is the essence of the ionic bond cation to anion NaF, CaO, NaCl, MgO & many more the force between a metal & a polyatomic ion Mg+2 to ClO3 -1 this force will cause m.p. and b.p. to be the highest the strongest force! Hydrogen Bonding the force of attraction between hydrogen and a neighboring polar molecule Best examples are H2O NH3 HF causes inordinately high m.p. and b.p. one of the strongest intermolecular forces (electrostatic is the strongest) Dipole-Dipole this is an attraction that happens in all polar covalent molecules + to - Examples are HCl, H2S, HBr dipole forces cause higher m.p. or b.p. than any nonpolar molecules will have London Dispersion Forces a temporary shift of electrons a momentary dipole an instantaneous dipole H2, CCl4, SO3, N2, CH4, O2 are examples happens in ALL molecules but it is the only force in nonpolar molecules
intermolecular_forces_chart.docx