Theory Chart, Part 2 CUR/711 Monica R. Woods Distinguishing Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism Social Humanism Moral Development Elements to Cognitivism Question How does Association between Structured Creating meaning Meet affective and Association between Social context with learning occur? stimuli & response acquisition of from experience; cognitive needs; derive obedience-punishment a dynamic and reciprocal knowledge build interpretation personal meaning interaction of the from experiences person, environment, and behavior What is the role Memory plays less Storage, Pre-existing Cognitive, verbal, Cognitive, learning is Reasoning skills, of memory? of a role; practice or retrieval & knowledge with new mastery, coping internal, understanding one’s review shows encoding experiences beliefs readiness of information response What factors Environmental, the Schema, prior Environment, social Environmental, Environmental, Fear of authority, influence learner experiences interactions, cultural mnemonics, visual personalized acceptance by peers learning? exposure graphics educational decisions and practices What types of Building and Reasoning, Collaboration, Rehearsal, visual Cooperative learning Cooperative learning learning are best strengthening use of social, inquiry models, relevant groups, promote groups, problem explained by the instructional cues, solving, & and personal positive direction and decision theory? practice, information material independence, making, and self reinforcement processing technology interest Who are major Aristotle Lev Vygotsky Lev Vygotsky Albert Bandura Abraham Maslow Jean Piaget Theorists? Ivan Pavlov Jerome Bruner Jean Piaget Edwin Holt Carl Rogers Lawrence Kohlberg John B. Watson Jean Piaget John Dewey Harold Chapman John Dewey Carol Gilligan B.F. Skinner John Dewey Giamattista Vico Brown Malcolm Knowles H.J. Eysenck Edward Thorndike Robert Gagne Richard Rorty Neal E. Miller Rollo May Justin Aronfreed John Dollard (Ertmer and Newby, 2013; Gredler, 2009; Ormrod, 2014; Carter, 2015; Stephens, 2009)
Theory Chart, Part 2 CUR/711 Monica R. Woods Distinguishing Elements to Question Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism Social Cognitivism Humanism Moral Development How does learning occur? Association between stimuli & response Structured acquisition of knowledge Creating meaning from experience; build interpretation from experiences Social context with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction of the person, environment, and behavior Meet affective and cognitive needs; derive personal meaning Association between obedience-punishment What is the role of memory? Memory plays less of a role; practice or review shows readiness of response Storage, retrieval & encoding information Pre-existing knowledge with new experiences Cognitive, verbal, mastery, coping Cognitive, learning is internal, Reasoning skills, understanding one’s beliefs What factors influence learning? Environmental, the learner Schema, prior experiences Environment, social interactions, cultural exposure Environmental, mnemonics, visual graphics Environmental, personalized educational decisions and practices Fear of authority, acceptance by peers What types of learning are best explained by the theory? Building and strengthening use of instructional cues, practice, reinforcement Reasoning, & information processing Collaboration, social, inquiry Rehearsal, visual models, relevant and personal material Cooperative learning groups, promote positive direction and independence, technology Cooperative learning groups, problem solving, decision making, and self interest Who are major Theorists? Aristotle Ivan Pavlov John B. Watson B.F. Skinner Edward Thorndike Lev Vygotsky Jerome Bruner Jean Piaget John Dewey Robert Gagne Lev Vygotsky Jean Piaget John Dewey Giamattista Vico Richard Rorty Albert Bandura Edwin Holt Harold Chapman Brown Neal E. Miller John Dollard Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers John Dewey Malcolm Knowles Rollo May Jean Piaget Lawrence Kohlberg Carol Gilligan H.J. Eysenck Justin Aronfreed (Ertmer and Newby, 2013; Gredler, 2009; Ormrod, 2014; Carter, 2015; Stephens, 2009)
graded-woods_theory_chart_part_2.docx