England and A victim is a person Based on the of interaction the victim Private prosecutions are possible. Wales who has suffered wants, the Code of Practice for Victims of The Crown Prosecution Service harm, including Crime in England and Wales (the Code) sets (CPS), exercising the discretionary physical, mental or out a number of ‘entitlements’ to the following: powers of the DPP may, where emotional harm or enhanced ‘service’ in case of a victim of serious certain circumstances arise, take over economic loss which crime; a needs assessment to evaluate how such private prosecutions. was directly caused much support a victim needs; referral to victim by criminal conduct; support organisations; receive information on a close relative of a Restorative Justice; making a complaint if person whose death victims don’t receive information and services was directly caused that they are entitled to. Interpreters are by criminal conduct. provided at public expense. Anonymous complaints are allowed for all offences. India ‘Victim’ means a A copy of the complaint is given free of cost to The court can permit the victim to person who has the complainant (who may or may not be the engage an advocate of her choice to suffered any loss or victim). In case of non-cognisable offences, a assist the prosecutor. There is also injury caused by record of the complaint is made but the the option for the complainant (who reason of the act or informant is then referred to a Magistrate and may be the victim) of appointing a omission for which the offence cannot be investigated without an ‘subsidiary’ prosecutor who must act the accused person order from the Magistrate. A Magistrate may under the directions of the public has been charged and also take cognisance of an offence upon private prosecutor and may be allowed to the expression complaint or on information obtained through submit written arguments once includes his or her other means. evidence is closed in a case. For guardian or legal offences punishable by up to seven heir. years of imprisonment, and/or a fine, a private prosecution by the complainant can be allowed by the Magistrate if it is in the interests of justice to allow it. Ireland There is no The Commission for the Support of Victims of Private prosecutions can only be definition of victim Crime (the ‘Commission’) under the Ministry invoked for the prosecution of
England and Wales A victim is a person who has suffered harm, including physical, mental or emotional harm or economic loss which was directly caused by criminal conduct; a close relative of a person whose death was directly caused by criminal conduct. Based on the of interaction the victim wants, the Code of Practice for Victims of Crime in England and Wales (the Code) sets out a number of ‘entitlements’ to the following: enhanced ‘service’ in case of a victim of serious crime; a needs assessment to evaluate how much support a victim needs; referral to victim support organisations; receive information on Restorative Justice; making a complaint if victims don’t receive information and services that they are entitled to. Interpreters are provided at public expense. Anonymous complaints are allowed for all offences. Private prosecutions are possible. The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), exercising the discretionary powers of the DPP may, where certain circumstances arise, take over such private prosecutions. India ‘Victim’ means a person who has suffered any loss or injury caused by reason of the act or omission for which the accused person has been charged and the expression includes his or her guardian or legal heir. A copy of the complaint is given free of cost to the complainant (who may or may not be the victim). In case of non-cognisable offences, a record of the complaint is made but the informant is then referred to a Magistrate and the offence cannot be investigated without an order from the Magistrate. A Magistrate may also take cognisance of an offence upon private complaint or on information obtained through other means. The court can permit the victim to engage an advocate of her choice to assist the prosecutor. There is also the option for the complainant (who may be the victim) of appointing a ‘subsidiary’ prosecutor who must act under the directions of the public prosecutor and may be allowed to submit written arguments once evidence is closed in a case. For offences punishable by up to seven years of imprisonment, and/or a fine, a private prosecution by the complainant can be allowed by the Magistrate if it is in the interests of justice to allow it. Ireland There is no definition of victim The Commission for the Support of Victims of Crime (the ‘Commission’) under the Ministry Private prosecutions can only be invoked for the prosecution of
Final-REDRESS-Report-v3-15.4.2015.docx