Indicator Proxy or direct Indicator of Indicator Link to Dependency Potential ES indicator? service or of sensitivity biodiversity on ecosystem GI benefits benefit? resilience Crop / Livestock / Fish / Direct Benefit L Yes (soils, H (soils and L Wild foods production pests, low ) from sustainable sources pollinators) Groundwater recharge Direct Service? L Vegetation L M Population served by Direct Benefit M Vegetation L V renewable water resource Forest growing stock, Direct M Yes L M increment and fellings Felling to increment ratio Direct M Yes L M Atmospheric cleansing Direct Service ? Yes L M / H in capacity urban areas Total amount of carbon Direct Service M Yes (soil & V (eg H in M sequestered / stored vegetation) some peatlands) Trends in number of Proxy Benefit M V V M damaging natural disasters Probability of incident Proxy Benefit M V V M Residence time of water Direct Service L Yes L H in rivers, reservoirs and soil Floodplain water storage Direct Service L No N H capacity Flood return period Direct Benefit H Yes L H Wave attenuation Direct Service M Yes M H potential (vegetation) Surface area of coastal Proxy Service L Yes M H wetlands and dunes (vegetation) Water quality in aquatic Direct Service V Yes M M ecosystems Nitrogen retention Direct Service ? Yes M M Nitrogen removal Direct Service ? Yes M M Soil erosion rate by land Direct Service M Yes L H use type Soil quality (infiltration Proxy Service L Yes H M capacity, bulk density, etc) Abundance and species Proxy Service M Yes M M richness of wild pollinators Proximity to semi-natural Proxy Service L Yes H H habitat Presence of Proxy Service M Yes M M flowers Abundance and species Proxy Service M Yes H M richness of biological control agents Changes in disease Proxy Benefit M Yes M M burden as a result of
Indicator Proxy or direct ES indicator? Indicator of service or of benefit? Indicator sensitivity Link to biodiversity Dependency on ecosystem resilience Potential GI benefits Crop / Livestock / Fish / Wild foods production from sustainable sources Direct Benefit L Yes (soils, pests, pollinators) H (soils and low ) L Groundwater recharge Direct Service? L Vegetation L M Population served by renewable water resource Direct Benefit M Vegetation L V Forest growing stock, increment and fellings Direct M Yes L M Felling to increment ratio Direct M Yes L M Atmospheric cleansing capacity Direct Service ? Yes L M / H in urban areas Total amount of carbon sequestered / stored Direct Service M Yes (soil & vegetation) V (eg H in some peatlands) M Trends in number of damaging natural disasters Proxy Benefit M V V M Probability of incident Proxy Benefit M V V M Residence time of water in rivers, reservoirs and soil Direct Service L Yes L H Floodplain water storage capacity Direct Service L No N H Flood return period Direct Benefit H Yes L H Wave attenuation potential Direct Service M Yes (vegetation) M H Surface area of coastal wetlands and dunes Proxy Service L Yes (vegetation) M H Water quality in aquatic ecosystems Direct Service V Yes M M Nitrogen retention Direct Service ? Yes M M Nitrogen removal Direct Service ? Yes M M Soil erosion rate by land use type Direct Service M Yes L H Soil quality (infiltration capacity, bulk density, etc) Proxy Service L Yes H M Abundance and species richness of wild pollinators Proxy Service M Yes M M Proximity to semi-natural habitat Proxy Service L Yes H H Presence of flowers Proxy Service M Yes M M Abundance and species richness of biological control agents Proxy Service M Yes H M Changes in disease burden as a result of Proxy Benefit M Yes M M
GIIR%20WG%20060515%2007%20Monitoring%20options%20DPSI%28R%29%20spatial%20monitoring.docx