dental caries in Fluoride exposure was calculated as a weighted Dental caries was children in mean a product of the fluoride concentration at Negative association between fluoride dichotomised at dmfs=/>2 – Denmark over a each dwelling and the time spent at that address exposure through drinking water and caries which is a conservative 10 year period divided by the total number of years of after adjusting for gender and family income cut off. among 5 and exposure. was confirmed. Children with >1mg/l year olds. For Caries was measures as dmfs was exposure were half as likely(OR=0.51) to The study did not provide this review we dichotomised at dmfs =/> 2 for 5 year olds. have caries as those with 0-0.1249mg/l prevalence rates of caries are interested in exposure and the dose response relationship at different levels of the data of the 5 was seen at different levels of fluoride drinking water fluoridation. years olds only. exposure. The authors noted that their findings were significant in light of the widespread use of fluoridated toothpaste. Table 2 Review of search results (Question 2) Fluoride intake and Fluorosis – Report Overview Methodology Findings/estimates Comments Bergman Authors have A specific search strategy is not available The importance of considering various No new information about et al. 2009 attempted to although the relevant publications since 1997 fluoride sources including water, food, either AI or UL was review the new have been reviewed. beverages and food prepared with fluoridated available. evidence on water in estimating total fluoride intake has Dietary been highlighted. Reference Intakes (DRI) for Authors stressed that defining optimal intakes fluoride along and establishing individual and synergistic with calcium, activities of these nutrients would be rather phosphorus, complicated and therefore reviewing DRI for magnesium and these nutrients could be an uphill task. vitamin D since these were established by IOM in 1997. Clifford et Fluoride content A total of 53 different samples of infant formula Fluoride content of formula powder ranged Formula powders include
dental caries in children in Denmark over a 10 year period among 5 and year olds. For this review we are interested in the data of the 5 years olds only. Fluoride exposure was calculated as a weighted mean – a product of the fluoride concentration at each dwelling and the time spent at that address divided by the total number of years of exposure. Caries was measures as dmfs was dichotomised at dmfs =/> 2 for 5 year olds. Negative association between fluoride exposure through drinking water and caries after adjusting for gender and family income was confirmed. Children with >1mg/l exposure were half as likely(OR=0.51) to have caries as those with 0-0.1249mg/l exposure and the dose response relationship was seen at different levels of fluoride exposure. The authors noted that their findings were significant in light of the widespread use of fluoridated toothpaste. Dental caries was dichotomised at dmfs=/>2 which is a conservative cut off. The study did not provide prevalence rates of caries at different levels of drinking water fluoridation. Table 2 Review of search results (Question 2) – Fluoride intake and Fluorosis Report Overview Methodology Findings/estimates Comments Bergman et al. 2009 Authors have attempted to review the new evidence on Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for fluoride along with calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and vitamin D since these were established by IOM in 1997. A specific search strategy is not available although the relevant publications since 1997 have been reviewed. The importance of considering various fluoride sources including water, food, beverages and food prepared with fluoridated water in estimating total fluoride intake has been highlighted. Authors stressed that defining optimal intakes and establishing individual and synergistic activities of these nutrients would be rather complicated and therefore reviewing DRI for these nutrients could be an uphill task. No new information about either AI or UL was available. Clifford et Fluoride content A total of 53 different samples of infant formula Fluoride content of formula powder ranged Formula powders include
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