All variables except child age were found through interpretation of skew and kurtosis statistics not to be normally distributed and correlations so Spearman’s Rho were used throughout. Effect sizes for correlation and regression analyses were interpreted with reference to Cohen (1988). Details of descriptive statistics and skew and kurtosis values are displayed in Table 5. Table 5 Descriptive Statistics and Normality Information for the Sample Included In the Analysis (N=94) Mean (SD) Median Interquartile Skewness Kurtosis Range Z-scorea Child Age 11.77 (4.11) 12.03 7.18 -.58 -2.53 Negative Future Events 21.05 (16.80) 16.59 20.32 6.55* 7.70* Positive Future Events 82.24 (13.28) 85.25 15.38 -3.79* .83 Count of Future Events 9.90 (9.43) 7.50 7.00 10.88* 17.75* Word Count of Future 41.37 (38.70) 26.50 28.75 7.33* 5.76* List Paediatric Symptom 15.07 (9.80) 14.00 12.25 4.70* 3.39* Checklist (PSC) Depression, Anxiety and 10.64 (8.85) 9.00 11.00 5.15* 3.34* Stress Scale (DASS-21) Optimism: Life 15.11 (4.56) 16.00 6.00 -2.80* .21 Orientation Test Revised (LOTR) Intolerance of Uncertainty 56.24 (19.17) 54.50 26.25 2.69* .10 (IUS) z-score calculated by skewness divided by standard error of skewness; z-score aSkewness bKurtosis calculated by kurtosis divided by standard error of kurtosis. *Denotes z-scores above upper cut-off of 2.58/below lower cut-off of -2.58, suggesting variables are not normally distributed (Field, 2005; p72). To assess normality for the purpose of checking assumptions for the regression analyses, normality of residuals was assessed (Field, 2013) and were not found to be markedly skewed (Appendix P). Assumptions of sample size, linearity,
All variables except child age were found through interpretation of skew and kurtosis statistics not to be normally distributed and so Spearman’s Rho correlations were used throughout. Effect sizes for correlation and regression analyses were interpreted with reference to Cohen (1988). Details of descriptive statistics and skew and kurtosis values are displayed in Table 5. Table 5 Descriptive Statistics and Normality Information for the Sample Included In the Analysis (N=94) Mean (SD) Median Interquartile Range Skewness Z-scorea Kurtosis Child Age 11.77 (4.11) 12.03 7.18 -.58 -2.53 Negative Future Events 21.05 (16.80) 16.59 20.32 6.55* 7.70* Positive Future Events 82.24 (13.28) 85.25 15.38 -3.79* .83 Count of Future Events 9.90 (9.43) 7.50 7.00 10.88* 17.75* Word Count of Future List 41.37 (38.70) 26.50 28.75 7.33* 5.76* Paediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) 15.07 (9.80) 14.00 12.25 4.70* 3.39* Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) 10.64 (8.85) 9.00 11.00 5.15* 3.34* Optimism: Life Orientation Test Revised (LOTR) 15.11 (4.56) 16.00 6.00 -2.80* .21 Intolerance of Uncertainty (IUS) 56.24 (19.17) 54.50 26.25 2.69* .10 aSkewness z-score calculated by skewness divided by standard error of skewness; bKurtosis z-score calculated by kurtosis divided by standard error of kurtosis. *Denotes z-scores above upper cut-off of 2.58/below lower cut-off of -2.58, suggesting variables are not normally distributed (Field, 2005; p72). To assess normality for the purpose of checking assumptions for the regression analyses, normality of residuals was assessed (Field, 2013) and were not found to be markedly skewed (Appendix P). Assumptions of sample size, linearity,
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