3.6 Thatcher 1979 Thatcher government Olsen and Peters government: introduced full fees (2005) introduction of Introduction of market Turner and marketization in competition and universities Robson (2008) higher education turned to international student Walker (2014) recruitment for income. Developing the Increasing reliance on income Luijten-Lub et al. market in from international student (2005)Walker international student recruitment (2014) recruitment: Blair Launch of PMI 1 Lomer (2016) and PMI1 acknowledging importance of international student recruitment to British economy. Promoting UK brand Launch of PMI2 with broader Blair (2006) as a world leader in focus on quality and DfES (2006) higher education: development of networks and Walker (2014) PMI2 partnerships Lomer (2016) The Coalition Conservative party manifesto UKBA (2010) government: impact pledge to reduce net migration. Universities UK of border control 2013 Launch of (2011) Government’s first International Education Strategy: International Education Global Growth and Prosperity. Comparative perspectives on government influences in China and England The timeline summaries evidence that there are many similarities and some distinct differences between factors influencing the development of internationalisation in higher education in China and England. Perhaps the most significant differences are the different characters of the nation-states and the different models of higher education regulation at play in the two countries (Vidovich et al. 2007; Wang 2014 and Walker 2014). Marginson (2013) argues that the role in China is qualitatively different to the role of the state in state’s England, the involvement is more explicit and directive than the UK CCP’s model of control. Every university in China has government’s devolved representatives of the communist party working as members of the governance
Thatcher government: introduction of marketization in higher education 1979 Thatcher government introduced full fees Introduction of market competition and universities turned to international student recruitment for income. Olsen and Peters (2005) Turner and Robson (2008) Walker (2014) Developing the market in international student recruitment: Blair and PMI1 Increasing reliance on income from international student recruitment Launch of PMI 1 acknowledging importance of international student recruitment to British economy. Luijten-Lub et al. (2005)Walker (2014) Lomer (2016) Promoting UK brand as a world leader in higher education: PMI2 Launch of PMI2 with broader focus on quality and development of networks and partnerships Blair (2006) DfES (2006) Walker (2014) Lomer (2016) The Coalition government: impact of border control Conservative party manifesto pledge to reduce net migration. 2013 Launch of Government’s first International Education Strategy: International Education Global Growth and Prosperity. UKBA (2010) Universities UK (2011) 3.6 Comparative perspectives on government influences in China and England The timeline summaries evidence that there are many similarities and some distinct differences between factors influencing the development of internationalisation in higher education in China and England. Perhaps the most significant differences are the different characters of the nation-states and the different models of higher education regulation at play in the two countries (Vidovich et al. 2007; Wang 2014 and Walker 2014). Marginson (2013) argues that the state’s role in China is qualitatively different to the role of the state in England, the CCP’s involvement is more explicit and directive than the UK government’s devolved model of control. Every university in China has representatives of the communist party working as members of the governance
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