Runway lengths calculated for take-offs and landings should be increased by 50 percent for agricultural operations on one-way runways at night. Longitudinal slope the longitudinal slope between the runway ends should not exceed – 12.5 percent for agricultural day operations and 2 percent for night operations. Where the overall slope exceeds 2 percent the runway should only be used for one-way operations – downhill for take-off and uphill for landing. Transverse slope for agricultural day operations the transverse slope should not be – more than 3 percent over the runway and 5 percent over the runway strip. Marking Where extended operations are expected to be conducted at a landing area, the operator should be encouraged to provide markings similar to those found at government and licensed aerodromes. If markings are provided they should follow the colours and specifications set out in the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP AGA). Lighting The recommended minimum lighting and layout for night operations is shown in Figure 14. The lights should, under the weather conditions prevailing at the time of the flight, be visible from a distance of 3 kilometres. Figure Recommended runway lighting Other factors A method of determining the surface wind at a landing area is desirable. A wind sock is the preferred method. The surface of a landing area should be assessed to determine its effect on aeroplane control and performance. For example, soft surfaces or the presence of long grass—over 150 mm—will increase take-off distances while moisture, loose gravel or material that reduces braking effectiveness will increase landing distance. The presence of holes, cracks and ruts in the surface of a landing area will degrade aeroplane performance and handling and increase the possibility of structural damage. The smoothness of a runway can be tested by driving a stiffly sprung vehicle along the runway at a speed of 75 kph. If this can be accomplished without discomfort to the occupants the surface can be considered satisfactory.
Runway lengths calculated for take-offs and landings should be increased by 50 percent for agricultural operations on one-way runways at night. Longitudinal slope – the longitudinal slope between the runway ends should not exceed 12.5 percent for agricultural day operations and 2 percent for night operations. Where the overall slope exceeds 2 percent the runway should only be used for one-way operations – downhill for take-off and uphill for landing. Transverse slope – for agricultural day operations the transverse slope should not be more than 3 percent over the runway and 5 percent over the runway strip. Marking Where extended operations are expected to be conducted at a landing area, the operator should be encouraged to provide markings similar to those found at government and licensed aerodromes. If markings are provided they should follow the colours and specifications set out in the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP AGA). Lighting The recommended minimum lighting and layout for night operations is shown in Figure 14. The lights should, under the weather conditions prevailing at the time of the flight, be visible from a distance of 3 kilometres. Figure Recommended runway lighting Other factors A method of determining the surface wind at a landing area is desirable. A wind sock is the preferred method. The surface of a landing area should be assessed to determine its effect on aeroplane control and performance. For example, soft surfaces or the presence of long grass—over 150 mm—will increase take-off distances while moisture, loose gravel or material that reduces braking effectiveness will increase landing distance. The presence of holes, cracks and ruts in the surface of a landing area will degrade aeroplane performance and handling and increase the possibility of structural damage. The smoothness of a runway can be tested by driving a stiffly sprung vehicle along the runway at a speed of 75 kph. If this can be accomplished without discomfort to the occupants the surface can be considered satisfactory.
guide-to-growing-and-managing-forests.docx