Knowledge Geological Comments and techniques and skills understanding d. Magma viscosity Recognise and Candidates should be affects the type of interpret the differing able to distinguish volcanic activity and shapes of volcanoes between shield the shape of from volcanoes and diagrams/photographs. composite cones based volcanoes the – on their size, shape and differences between relatively passive composition. [fissure] and violent Kilauea/Mauna Loa v eruptions [central Mount vent]. Pinatubo/Mount St. Helens. Practical activity using a Investigate factors affecting the length of rigid smooth surface at lava flows using the a range of angles with lava flow’ materials of different ‘Jelly viscosities being timed simulation experiment to flow down it. or equivalent. Factors Materials could investigated to include include jelly. viscosity (related to temperature) and slope Materials could be tested angle. from the fridge, at room temperature and after heating to a predetermined temperature. See Practical Guidance Sheet 3.
Knowledge and understanding Geological techniques and skills Comments d. Magma viscosity affects the type of volcanic activity and the shape of volcanoes – the differences between relatively passive [fissure] and violent eruptions [central vent]. Recognise and interpret the differing shapes of volcanoes from diagrams/photographs. Investigate factors affecting the length of lava flows using the ‘Jelly lava flow’ simulation experiment or equivalent. Factors investigated to include viscosity (related to temperature) and slope angle. Candidates should be able to distinguish between shield volcanoes and composite cones based on their size, shape and composition. Kilauea/Mauna Loa v Mount Pinatubo/Mount St. Helens. Practical activity using a rigid smooth surface at a range of angles with materials of different viscosities being timed to flow down it. Materials could include jelly. Materials could be tested from the fridge, at room temperature and after heating to a predetermined temperature. See Practical Guidance Sheet 3.
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