Knowledge and Geological techniques Comments understanding and skills Partial melting of rock at depth to form magma occurs in a number of different interplate and intraplate tectonic settings: Investigation of the role of rising beneath divergent convection cells in plate margins – decompression melting. partial melting of mantle rocks generates basaltic magma near to convergent plate margins – partial melting of subducted oceanic lithosphere and overlying lithospheric wedge generates andesitic magma Investigation of global in mantle plumes distribution of mantle plumes (hotspots) partial – from maps. melting of mantle rocks generates basaltic magma in deeply buried lower continental crust during orogeny melting – and assimilation of crustal material generates granitic magma. Volcanic hazards result Investigation, using geological Candidates are expected to from: data from a wide variety of have studied specific volcanic monitoring techniques examples of the stated blast/explosion (including ground deformation, hazards and monitoring ash fall, pyroclastic gravity and thermal anomalies, techniques but will not be flows (nuées gas emissions and seismic required to recall details of ardentes) and activity), of the risk of volcanic these examples in an gases hazards and the extent to which assessment. lava flows they can be managed and debris flows and controlled in order to reduce mudflows (lahars). risk.
Knowledge and understanding Geological techniques and skills Comments Partial melting of rock at depth to form magma occurs in a number of different interplate and intraplate tectonic settings: beneath divergent plate margins – partial melting of mantle rocks generates basaltic magma near to convergent plate margins – partial melting of subducted oceanic lithosphere and overlying lithospheric wedge generates andesitic magma in mantle plumes (hotspots) – partial melting of mantle rocks generates basaltic magma in deeply buried lower continental crust during orogeny – melting and assimilation of crustal material generates granitic magma. Investigation of the role of rising convection cells in decompression melting. Investigation of global distribution of mantle plumes from maps. Volcanic hazards result from: blast/explosion ash fall, pyroclastic flows (nuées ardentes) and gases lava flows debris flows and mudflows (lahars). Investigation, using geological data from a wide variety of volcanic monitoring techniques (including ground deformation, gravity and thermal anomalies, gas emissions and seismic activity), of the risk of volcanic hazards and the extent to which they can be managed and controlled in order to reduce risk. Candidates are expected to have studied specific examples of the stated hazards and monitoring techniques but will not be required to recall details of these examples in an assessment.
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