Topic G4 : EARTH MATERIALS AND NATURAL RESOURCES Key Idea 3: A wide range of prospecting techniques can be employed to explore for mineral resources Knowledge and Geological Comments understanding techniques and skills Techniques used to Geological map Candidates are expected to have prospect for mineral interpretation; simple studied the following geophysical resources. analysis of geophysical prospecting techniques: geophysical and geochemical data gravity (Bouguer) surveying gravity related to mineral – seismic (reflection only – (Bouguer), exploration. 2 way time) seismic, magnetic, magnetic (including electrical. Selection of aeromagnetic) appropriate geochemical electrical (resistivity only) geophysical methods prospecting river – electromagnetic (EM survey) for different mineral water, river searches, depending sediment and soil upon the geometry and sampling. physical properties of the target body. Each method has particular applications Interpretation of and limitations. Teachers may find the following seismic reflection resource useful in delivering part of sections to identify this section: potential oil and natural gas-bearing structures. b. Microfossils are used Construction of Candidates should be aware of the for correlation in geological cross- use of the following: foraminifera, prospecting for oil and sections from borehole calcareous nannofossils and natural gas. data, including dating palynomorphs (pollen, spores and and correlation using dinoflagellates) microfossils.
Topic G4 : EARTH MATERIALS AND NATURAL RESOURCES Key Idea 3: A wide range of prospecting techniques can be employed to explore for mineral resources Knowledge and understanding Geological techniques and skills Comments Techniques used to prospect for mineral resources. geophysical surveying – gravity (Bouguer), seismic, magnetic, electrical. geochemical prospecting – river water, river sediment and soil sampling. Each method has particular applications and limitations. Geological map interpretation; simple analysis of geophysical and geochemical data related to mineral exploration. Selection of appropriate geophysical methods for different mineral searches, depending upon the geometry and physical properties of the target body. Interpretation of seismic reflection sections to identify potential oil and natural gas-bearing structures. Candidates are expected to have studied the following geophysical prospecting techniques: gravity (Bouguer) seismic (reflection only – 2 way time) magnetic (including aeromagnetic) electrical (resistivity only) electromagnetic (EM survey) Teachers may find the following resource useful in delivering part of this section: b. Microfossils are used for correlation in prospecting for oil and natural gas. Construction of geological cross- sections from borehole data, including dating and correlation using microfossils. Candidates should be aware of the use of the following: foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils and palynomorphs (pollen, spores and dinoflagellates)
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