Funding for space-related development can come from government, the private sector, or a combination of the two. The simplest model is direct government investment in specific capabilities or missions. Another model is targeted investment in specific capabilities. Often, multiple governments will pursue international cooperation as a way to pool their investment in a mutually desired capability or mission. Governments also can encourage private sector investment in space through incentives such as tax breaks, access to publicly funded facilities, government expertise, and other non-cash resources. Anchor tenancy, or guaranteed government business, has been a particularly important approach to encouraging the private sector to invest in space-based capabilities. Anchor tenancy often is a key element of public-private partnerships in which the government and private sector co-invest in a certain capability. Capabilities National space capabilities may encompass the full space value chain, though most governments target capabilities in which to invest, ranging from manufacturing of various types (satellites, launch vehicles, components), ground infrastructure, services, and downstream applications. These choices will depend on available resources—different capabilities require different levels of investment—and objectives. Governance At the most basic level, space governance can take two forms: centralised and decentralised. In a centralised construct, government space functions—development, operations, regulation—are consolidated under a single agency. In a decentralised structure, these functions are the responsibility of different agencies, usually with some degree of coordination. A dedicated space agency is typical, though not an absolute, and also is not necessarily indicative of a centralised governance structure.
Funding for space-related development can come from government, the private sector, or a combination of the two. The simplest model is direct government investment in specific capabilities or missions. Another model is targeted investment in specific capabilities. Often, multiple governments will pursue international cooperation as a way to pool their investment in a mutually desired capability or mission. Governments also can encourage private sector investment in space through incentives such as tax breaks, access to publicly funded facilities, government expertise, and other non-cash resources. Anchor tenancy, or guaranteed government business, has been a particularly important approach to encouraging the private sector to invest in space-based capabilities. Anchor tenancy often is a key element of public-private partnerships in which the government and private sector co-invest in a certain capability. Capabilities National space capabilities may encompass the full space value chain, though most governments target capabilities in which to invest, ranging from manufacturing of various types (satellites, launch vehicles, components), ground infrastructure, services, and downstream applications. These choices will depend on available resources—different capabilities require different levels of investment—and objectives. Governance At the most basic level, space governance can take two forms: centralised and decentralised. In a centralised construct, government space functions—development, operations, regulation—are consolidated under a single agency. In a decentralised structure, these functions are the responsibility of different agencies, usually with some degree of coordination. A dedicated space agency is typical, though not an absolute, and also is not necessarily indicative of a centralised governance structure.
global_space_strategies_and_best_practices_-_research_paper.docx