Knowledge and Geological techniques Comments understanding and skills e. The nature of the Candidates are expected to volcanic hazard is have studied the hazards linked to the associated with explosive composition, viscosity and effusive activity and and gas content of the their links to silica and gas magma. content that affects viscosity. f. Metamorphism involves Interpretation of the following Candidates should be aware mineralogical and/or metamorphic features using of the concept of textural change of pre- simplified geological maps and metamorphic grade. existing rocks in photographs: contact aureoles, response to changes in metamorphic foliations. temperature and/or pressure. Contact (thermal) and Understanding that y = mx + c For exemplification of regional metamorphism represents a linear relationship. mathematical skills see produce distinctive Mathematical Guidance for mineralogical and P10: Production of full rock AS Geology. textural changes: description of macro and micro features from hand specimens The mathematical skills non-foliated in and/or unfamiliar field identified are not exclusive contact exposures of metamorphic metamorphism to this section of the rocks in order to interpret specification. foliation (slaty component composition, colour cleavage, and textures, to identify rock Candidates should be aware schistosity and type and to deduce the of the metamorphic changes gneissose banding) temperature and pressure in chemically varied clay-rich in regional conditions of their formation. rocks (e.g. shale) compared metamorphism. to those dominated by P11: Use of photomicrographs quartz and calcite to identify minerals and rock (sandstones and limestone). textures of metamorphic rocks to identify rock type and to Candidates need only have deduce the temperature and knowledge of the pressure conditions of their metamorphic rocks formation. indicated. Identification in hand specimen Candidates should be able of the following metamorphic to identify the stated rocks from their composition, metamorphic rocks in hand texture and other diagnostic specimen and the field. It is features: marble, metaquartzite, understood that it might not spotted rock, hornfels, slate, be possible to investigate schist, gneiss. the full range of rocks in the field or that this list is exclusive.
Knowledge and understanding Geological techniques and skills Comments e. The nature of the volcanic hazard is linked to the composition, viscosity and gas content of the magma. Candidates are expected to have studied the hazards associated with explosive and effusive activity and their links to silica and gas content that affects viscosity. f. Metamorphism involves mineralogical and/or textural change of pre- existing rocks in response to changes in temperature and/or pressure. Interpretation of the following metamorphic features using simplified geological maps and photographs: contact aureoles, metamorphic foliations. Candidates should be aware of the concept of metamorphic grade. Contact (thermal) and regional metamorphism produce distinctive mineralogical and textural changes: non-foliated in contact metamorphism foliation (slaty cleavage, schistosity and gneissose banding) in regional metamorphism. Understanding that y = mx + c represents a linear relationship. P10: Production of full rock description of macro and micro features from hand specimens and/or unfamiliar field exposures of metamorphic rocks in order to interpret component composition, colour and textures, to identify rock type and to deduce the temperature and pressure conditions of their formation. P11: Use of photomicrographs to identify minerals and rock textures of metamorphic rocks to identify rock type and to deduce the temperature and pressure conditions of their formation. Identification in hand specimen of the following metamorphic rocks from their composition, texture and other diagnostic features: marble, metaquartzite, spotted rock, hornfels, slate, schist, gneiss. For exemplification of mathematical skills see Mathematical Guidance for AS Geology. The mathematical skills identified are not exclusive to this section of the specification. Candidates should be aware of the metamorphic changes in chemically varied clay-rich rocks (e.g. shale) compared to those dominated by quartz and calcite (sandstones and limestone). Candidates need only have knowledge of the metamorphic rocks indicated. Candidates should be able to identify the stated metamorphic rocks in hand specimen and the field. It is understood that it might not be possible to investigate the full range of rocks in the field or that this list is exclusive.
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