The heart is a muscular pump that sends oxygen rich blood (haemoglobin carries the oxygen in the blood) to the muscles through a series of arteries to allow them to work. The blood then picks up carbon dioxide a waste product from the muscles and carries it back to the heart through veins. From there it is pumped to the lungs where it is breathed out and in exchange oxygen is breathed in (this process is called gaseous exchange). Immediate and short term effects of exercise Muscles need more oxygen, therefore the heart beats faster and more strongly. The hormone adrenaline helps to increase heart rate in stressful situations. Training improves the bodies capability in these situations, as the heart of s fitter person will be bigger, stronger, and more used to working under stress. Blood pressure The force exerted by the circulating blood on the walls of the blood vessels (arteries and veins). During exercise heart rate increases causing blood pressure to increase – 2 parts Systolic – is the high pressure measured when the blood is pumped out of the heart to go around the body; this is the high number on the reading. Diastolic – is the pressure when the heart relaxes between beats; this is the low number on the reading. Regular exercise and the Cardiovascular system Regular exercise enables the cardiovascular system to become stronger and more efficient. Stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the heart each beat) increases) Cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped by the heart in each minute, sometimes referred to as: Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume) increases. Resting heart rate, fitter people have a lower resting heart rate. Size of your heart increases, exercising causes the heart to adapt and become larger. Reduced time for heart to return to normal after exercising. Blood pressure reduced. Veins and arteries are healthy. Effects of lifestyle on the Cardiovascular system
The heart is a muscular pump that sends oxygen rich blood (haemoglobin carries the oxygen in the blood) to the muscles through a series of arteries to allow them to work. The blood then picks up carbon dioxide a waste product from the muscles and carries it back to the heart through veins. From there it is pumped to the lungs where it is breathed out and in exchange oxygen is breathed in (this process is called gaseous exchange). Immediate and short term effects of exercise Muscles need more oxygen, therefore the heart beats faster and more strongly. The hormone adrenaline helps to increase heart rate in stressful situations. Training improves the bodies capability in these situations, as the heart of s fitter person will be bigger, stronger, and more used to working under stress. Blood pressure The force exerted by the circulating blood on the walls of the blood vessels (arteries and veins). During exercise heart rate increases causing blood pressure to increase – 2 parts Systolic – is the high pressure measured when the blood is pumped out of the heart to go around the body; this is the high number on the reading. Diastolic – is the pressure when the heart relaxes between beats; this is the low number on the reading. Regular exercise and the Cardiovascular system Regular exercise enables the cardiovascular system to become stronger and more efficient. Stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the heart each beat) increases) Cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped by the heart in each minute, sometimes referred to as: Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume) increases. Resting heart rate, fitter people have a lower resting heart rate. Size of your heart increases, exercising causes the heart to adapt and become larger. Reduced time for heart to return to normal after exercising. Blood pressure reduced. Veins and arteries are healthy. Effects of lifestyle on the Cardiovascular system
GCSE%20Revision%20Guide%20-%20Full.docx