before the author’s name signal phrase before quotation or at the either in a signal the quotation or at end (name, year, p. phrase before the the end: (name year, #). quotation or at #). the end (name #). According to Fullan According to According to Fullan #1 (2001), Fullan, (2001), “Educational “Educational “Educational change depends on change depends on change depends what teachers do what teachers do on what teachers and think—it’s as and think—it’s as do and simple and complex simple and as simple and as that” (107). complex as that” complex as that” (p. 107). (107). “Educational “Educational “Educational change #2 change depends on change depends depends on what what teachers do on what teachers teachers do and and think—it’s as do and think—it’s as simple simple and as simple and and complex as complex as that” complex as that” that” (Fullan 2001, (Fullan, 2001, p. (Fullan 107). 107). 107). Paraphrased and summarized text is cited within text in the same way that quoted material is cited except that quotations are not used. In APA style, you do not need to include page numbers in this case, but MLA and CMS, on the other hand, do still require page numbers, when they are available. Table 22.2 Citing Paraphrased or Summarized Text APA MLA CMS In a signal In a signal phrase In a signal phrase phrase before the before the before the paraphrase or paraphrase or paraphrase or summary, summary, include summary, include the include the the author’s last author’s last name author’s last name and, at the immediately followed name end of the by the date in immediately summary or parentheses (year) followed by the paraphrase, and the page number date in include the page at the end of the
before the quotation or at the end (name, year, p. #). author’s name either in a signal phrase before the quotation or at the end (name #). signal phrase before the quotation or at the end: (name year, #). #1 According to Fullan (2001), “Educational change depends on what teachers do and think—it’s as simple and complex as that” (p. 107). According to Fullan, “Educational change depends on what teachers do and as simple and complex as that” (107). According to Fullan (2001), “Educational change depends on what teachers do and think—it’s as simple and complex as that” (107). #2 “Educational change depends on what teachers do and think—it’s as simple and complex as that” (Fullan, 2001, p. 107). “Educational change depends on what teachers do and as simple and complex as that” (Fullan 107). “Educational change depends on what teachers do and think—it’s as simple and complex as that” (Fullan 2001, 107). Paraphrased and summarized text is cited within text in the same way that quoted material is cited except that quotations are not used. In APA style, you do not need to include page numbers in this case, but MLA and CMS, on the other hand, do still require page numbers, when they are available. Table 22.2 Citing Paraphrased or Summarized Text APA MLA CMS In a signal phrase before the paraphrase or summary, include the author’s last name immediately followed by the date in In a signal phrase before the paraphrase or summary, include the author’s last name and, at the end of the summary or paraphrase, include the page In a signal phrase before the paraphrase or summary, include the author’s last name immediately followed by the date in parentheses (year) and the page number at the end of the
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