Knowledge and Geological techniques Comments understanding and skills d. The crust is a surface Simple interpretation of Candidates should know layer of distinctive seismic refraction data to that the ocean crust is composition at the top of define crustal layering and between 5-10 km thick in the lithosphere: reflection data to investigate contrast to the continental seismological estimates the internal structure of the crust which ranges of crustal thickness; crust. between 30-50km. discontinuity Continental crust in excess Mohorovičić (Moho). of 50 km is exceedingly rare and accounts for less than 10% of the continental crust. e. The generation of Interpretation of heat flow Candidates should be magma in different variation across an ocean aware of the ongoing geological settings basin. mantle plume debate results in a range of amongst scientists and that igneous bodies and alternative hypotheses for products: oceanic ridge Evaluation of the evidence for the observed evidence systems (including mid- the existence of mantle attributed to the plume ocean ridge basalts plumes. model have been (MORBs)), large igneous proposed. https:// provinces (LIPs), island plumesdebate arcs and cordilleran mountain belts.
Knowledge and understanding Geological techniques and skills Comments d. The crust is a surface layer of distinctive composition at the top of the lithosphere: seismological estimates of crustal thickness; Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho). Simple interpretation of seismic refraction data to define crustal layering and reflection data to investigate the internal structure of the crust. Candidates should know that the ocean crust is between 5-10 km thick in contrast to the continental crust which ranges between 30-50km. Continental crust in excess of 50 km is exceedingly rare and accounts for less than 10% of the continental crust. e. The generation of magma in different geological settings results in a range of igneous bodies and products: oceanic ridge systems (including mid- ocean ridge basalts (MORBs)), large igneous provinces (LIPs), island arcs and cordilleran mountain belts. Interpretation of heat flow variation across an ocean basin. Evaluation of the evidence for the existence of mantle plumes. Candidates should be aware of the ongoing mantle plume debate amongst scientists and that alternative hypotheses for the observed evidence attributed to the plume model have been proposed. https:// plumesdebate
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