3.9 Validity and Reliability of Research Instruments To test validity of methods for data collection, pre-testing of the questionnaire was to be done before actual collection to determine clarity and their relevancy to the objective of the study. Pre-testing was done purposely to control quality of the questionnaire and the information obtained through them. The revised version of the questionnaire and interviews were structured on both English and Kiswahili languages were used in order to bring easy understanding of administered questions to respondents one at a time. Also the use of both English and Kiswahili in conducting interview was to help in increasing and freedom as there respondent’s confidence was no fear of each other. The questionnaires for pre-testing were administered to eight respondents drawn from the schools that were in survey prior to the commencement of the study. The questionnaires were modified to incorporate lessons drawn from pre-testing. 3.10 Ethical Issues social research involves consent, access and associated ethical issues, since is “All based on data from people about cited from (Punch, 2002). people” (Marais, 2007) The proposed study was to make sure the informed consent is found from participants. They can want full information about the research and the reasons to why they have been selected to participate. Participants, privacy, and confidentiality were guaranteed also consent forms and covering letters were provided to them. Nevertheless, school being used for the case study had to give permission for access of official material and documents useful for the study. The schools were assured that findings were to be
3.9 Validity and Reliability of Research Instruments To test validity of methods for data collection, pre-testing of the questionnaire was to be done before actual collection to determine clarity and their relevancy to the objective of the study. Pre-testing was done purposely to control quality of the questionnaire and the information obtained through them. The revised version of the questionnaire and interviews were structured on both English and Kiswahili languages were used in order to bring easy understanding of administered questions to respondents one at a time. Also the use of both English and Kiswahili in conducting interview was to help in increasing respondent’s confidence and freedom as there was no fear of each other. The questionnaires for pre-testing were administered to eight respondents drawn from the schools that were in survey prior to the commencement of the study. The questionnaires were modified to incorporate lessons drawn from pre-testing. 3.10 Ethical Issues “All social research involves consent, access and associated ethical issues, since is based on data from people about people” (Marais, 2007) cited from (Punch, 2002). The proposed study was to make sure the informed consent is found from participants. They can want full information about the research and the reasons to why they have been selected to participate. Participants, privacy, and confidentiality were guaranteed also consent forms and covering letters were provided to them. Nevertheless, school being used for the case study had to give permission for access of official material and documents useful for the study. The schools were assured that findings were to be
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