VIROIDS Apple scar skin viroid Yes (Han et al. No records found Yes. Recorded from Yes. Apple scar skin Yes. Apple scar skin Yes (EP) 2003; Kaponi et P. persica trees in viroid has spread in a disease has been a [Pospiviroidae: Apscaviroid] al. 2010; Zhao & China (Kaponi et al. number of Asian very destructive ASSVd Niu 2008a). 2010; Zhao & Niu countries, Europe and disease in Korea (Kim 2008a; Zhao & Niu North America. This et al. 2006). In China, 2008b). A recent viroid can be found in in the 1950’s, some study suggested Apple the fruit pulp of counties of Shanxi, scar skin viroid can be apples and pears Hebei and Shanxi transmitted from including apple seeds provinces, more than infected apple seeds (Hadidi et al. 1991; 50 per cent of the to the seedlings Han et al. 2003; Hurtt apple trees were germinated from & Podleckis 1995; affected with this these seeds, with a 7.7 Koganezawa et al. viroid (Han et al. percent transmission 2003). Transmission 2003). rate (Kim et al. 2006). of Apple scar skin No seed transmission viroid is by grafting of ASSVd on and contaminated stonefruit was pruning equipment reported. (Grove et al. 2003; Kim et al. 2006).
VIROIDS Apple scar skin viroid [Pospiviroidae: Apscaviroid] ASSVd Yes (Han et al. 2003; Kaponi et al. 2010; Zhao & Niu 2008a). No records found Yes. Recorded from P. persica trees in China (Kaponi et al. 2010; Zhao & Niu 2008a; Zhao & Niu 2008b). A recent study suggested Apple scar skin viroid can be transmitted from infected apple seeds to the seedlings germinated from these seeds, with a 7.7 percent transmission rate (Kim et al. 2006). No seed transmission of ASSVd on stonefruit was reported. Yes. Apple scar skin viroid has spread in a number of Asian countries, Europe and North America. This viroid can be found in the fruit pulp of apples and pears including apple seeds (Hadidi et al. 1991; Han et al. 2003; Hurtt & Podleckis 1995; Koganezawa et al. 2003). Transmission of Apple scar skin viroid is by grafting and contaminated pruning equipment (Grove et al. 2003; Kim et al. 2006). Yes. Apple scar skin disease has been a very destructive disease in Korea (Kim et al. 2006). In China, in the 1950’s, some counties of Shanxi, Hebei and Shanxi provinces, more than 50 per cent of the apple trees were affected with this viroid (Han et al. 2003). Yes (EP)
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