Preliminary Assessment of the Toxicity from Exposure to Crumb NJ Department of Environmental Rubber: Its use in Playgrounds Protection, 2007, T. Ledoux and Artificial Turf Playing Fields Review of the Human Health and Ecological Safety of Exposure to Rubber Manufacturers Association, Recycled Tire Rubber found at 2008, ChemRisk, Inc Playgrounds and Synthetic Turf Fields Synthetic Turf From A Chemical Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate, Perspective 2006 A Study to Assess Environmental NYS Department of Environmental Impacts from the Use of Crumb Conservation, 2008 Rubber as Infill Material in Synthetic Turf Fields Emission Characteristics of Journal of Hazardous Materials, VOCs from Athletic Track 1999, Volume 70, Issues 1-2, Chag, Feng-Hsiang 4.0 This section will include studies pertaining to ecotoxicological issues, concerns regarding carcinogens, mutagens, endocrine disruptors and other substances known for their adverse effects on human health. The examination of indoor air where recycled rubber surfaces were present by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health determined that the presence of benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) does not increase the risk of cancer in individuals exposed to it. These findings agree with a 2007 report from the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), which analyzed the absorption of aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium and zinc traces in crumb rubber and concluded that serious non-cancer health effects are not expected following a one-time ingestion of the material. The study further concluded very low environmental toxicity from surface runoff upon examining the soil and groundwater adjacent to crumb rubber surfaces, pointing out that previous studies produced the leachate in a laboratory setting, wherefore it may have been more concentrated than naturally occurring runoff, although various laboratory studies, such as the 1999 experiment performed by the Chelsea Center, also
Preliminary Assessment of the Toxicity from Exposure to Crumb Rubber: Its use in Playgrounds and Artificial Turf Playing Fields NJ Department of Environmental Protection, 2007, T. Ledoux Review of the Human Health and Ecological Safety of Exposure to Recycled Tire Rubber found at Playgrounds and Synthetic Turf Fields Rubber Manufacturers Association, 2008, ChemRisk, Inc Synthetic Turf From A Chemical Perspective Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate, 2006 A Study to Assess Environmental Impacts from the Use of Crumb Rubber as Infill Material in Synthetic Turf Fields NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, 2008 Emission Characteristics of VOCs from Athletic Track Journal of Hazardous Materials, 1999, Volume 70, Issues 1-2, Chag, Feng-Hsiang 4.0 This section will include studies pertaining to ecotoxicological issues, concerns regarding carcinogens, mutagens, endocrine disruptors and other substances known for their adverse effects on human health. The examination of indoor air where recycled rubber surfaces were present by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health determined that the presence of benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) does not increase the risk of cancer in individuals exposed to it. These findings agree with a 2007 report from the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), which analyzed the absorption of aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium and zinc traces in crumb rubber and concluded that serious non-cancer health effects are not expected following a one-time ingestion of the material. The study further concluded very low environmental toxicity from surface runoff upon examining the soil and groundwater adjacent to crumb rubber surfaces, pointing out that previous studies produced the leachate in a laboratory setting, wherefore it may have been more concentrated than naturally occurring runoff, although various laboratory studies, such as the 1999 experiment performed by the Chelsea Center, also
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