before some the past saw Jenny, I other past participle had hiked action of the verb past the food (usually station. Future Will take place Add will I will have perfect some time in have to the hiked for two the future past hours before before some participle you even wake other action of the verb up. Present Began in the Add has or I have been perfect past, have been hiking for a progressive continues to the verb while. now, and + ing might continue into the future Past perfect Took place on Add had You had been progressive an ongoing been to the walking for an basis in the verb + -ing hour when past and was you saw the completed swans. before another past action Future Takes place in Add will They will have perfect the future on have been been hiking progressive an ongoing to the verb once a week basis + -ing by then. Matching Infinitives and Participles to Verb Tenses Verbals are words formed from verbs that function as other parts of speech. One type of verbals, gerunds (laughing, eating), always function as nouns (e.g., “Laughing is good for you”). Present, past, and present perfect participles are verbals that function as adjectives (e.g., “The sound of laughing children always cheered him up,” “The sight of the broken tricycle left in the rain made him gloomy”). Infinitives (to laugh, to have eaten) are another main type of verbals that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. When using any of these verbals, make sure you match the tense of the verb
before some other past action the past participle of the verb (usually saw Jenny, I had hiked past the food station. Future perfect Will take place some time in the future before some other action Add will have to the past participle of the verb I will have hiked for two hours before you even wake up. Present perfect progressive Began in the past, continues now, and might continue into the future Add has or have been to the verb + ing I have been hiking for a while. Past perfect progressive Took place on an ongoing basis in the past and was completed before another past action Add had been to the verb + -ing You had been walking for an hour when you saw the swans. Future perfect progressive Takes place in the future on an ongoing basis Add will have been to the verb + -ing They will have been hiking once a week by then. Matching Infinitives and Participles to Verb Tenses Verbals are words formed from verbs that function as other parts of speech. One type of verbals, gerunds (laughing, eating), always function as nouns (e.g., “Laughing is good for you”). Present, past, and present perfect participles are verbals that function as adjectives (e.g., “The sound of laughing children always cheered him up,” “The sight of the broken tricycle left in the rain made him gloomy”). Infinitives (to laugh, to have eaten) are another main type of verbals that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. When using any of these verbals, make sure you match the tense of the verb
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