C3c Isotopes C1.9 Describe isotopes as different 1) Write the following Give students six boxes Using polystyrene balls atoms of the same element terms on the board: containing a set number of and sticky pads containing the same number of element, atom, nucleus, heavy gauge washers (e.g. 1 demonstrate the protons but different numbers protons, neutrons, box containing 2 washers, 3 structure of the nuclei of neutrons in their nuclei electrons and electron boxes containing 4 washers and of different isotopes of shells. Ask students to 2 boxes containing 6 washers). lithium (6Li and 7Li). work in pairs to write one Tell students the mass of the Calculate the numbers of sentence that contains all empty boxes. Working in protons, neutrons and Using a balance the terms. groups, students measure the electrons in atoms given the demonstrate to the masses of the boxes and work atomic number and mass students that isotopes number (links to a Maths 2) Show the students out the mass of their contents. of the same element Students then carry out statement). five boxes, labelled with have different masses. calculations on the relative different masses, in easy (Discuss why electrons masses of the contents of the whole numbers. E.g. box are removed/omitted Explain how the existence of boxes. A = 2 kg; box B = 4 kg; from the models) isotopes results in some box C = 6 kg; box D = relative atomic masses of 10 kg and box E = 15 kg. Equipment: (per group) some elements not being Discuss the idea of electronic balance, 6 opaque whole numbers Define the term relative amounts with boxes, which are sealed but can ‘isotope’ and discuss students and how we can be opened, each containing a Calculate the relative atomic why they are still atoms calculate how much set number of heavy gauge mass of an element from the of the same element. greater or smaller one washers (e.g. 1 box containing relative masses and thing is compared with 2 washers, 3 boxes containing abundances of its isotopes Digital: to follow another. 4 washers and 2 boxes (links to a Maths statement). containing 6 washers
C3c Isotopes C1.9 Describe isotopes as different atoms of the same element containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei Calculate the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms given the atomic number and mass number (links to a Maths statement). Explain how the existence of isotopes results in some relative atomic masses of some elements not being whole numbers Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element from the relative masses and abundances of its isotopes (links to a Maths statement). 1) Write the following terms on the board: element, atom, nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons and electron shells. Ask students to work in pairs to write one sentence that contains all the terms. 2) Show the students five boxes, labelled with different masses, in easy whole numbers. E.g. box A = 2 kg; box B = 4 kg; box C = 6 kg; box D = 10 kg and box E = 15 kg. Discuss the idea of relative amounts with students and how we can calculate how much greater or smaller one thing is compared with another. Give students six boxes containing a set number of heavy gauge washers (e.g. 1 box containing 2 washers, 3 boxes containing 4 washers and 2 boxes containing 6 washers). Tell students the mass of the empty boxes. Working in groups, students measure the masses of the boxes and work out the mass of their contents. Students then carry out calculations on the relative masses of the contents of the boxes. Equipment: (per group) electronic balance, 6 opaque boxes, which are sealed but can be opened, each containing a set number of heavy gauge washers (e.g. 1 box containing 2 washers, 3 boxes containing 4 washers and 2 boxes containing 6 washers Using polystyrene balls and sticky pads demonstrate the structure of the nuclei of different isotopes of lithium (6Li and 7Li). Using a balance demonstrate to the students that isotopes of the same element have different masses. (Discuss why electrons are removed/omitted from the models) Define the term ‘isotope’ and discuss why they are still atoms of the same element. Digital: to follow
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