Poor adhesion to binders in Low load capabilities without correct formulation for virgin state: calendering process Carbon Fibres Advantages: Heat resistance: Enables use in higher temperature ranges approaching that of asbestos fibres Chemical resistance: Can be used for a wide range of chemicals and is to be used over the full pH scale (0-14) Resists hydrolysis: Can be used in materials required to seal medium pressure steam Disadvantages: Cost: Initial outlay high, but offset by longer serviceability and safer sealing Lower adhesion to binders Without correct formulation with support fibres and compared to compressed other ingredients, stress relaxation problems may arise asbestos fibres (CAF): Table 34 - Alternatives for gaskets in use in Australia Alternative Industrial: Cylinder head gaskets paper (cellulose) gaskets " Exhaust manifold gaskets Gaskets for petrochemical and package boiler industry graphite sheets Gaskets for sealing and rotating equipment graphite and mineral and associated equipment ceramic fibre Insulation for industrial machinery Pipeline/flanges for petroleum industry and graphite laminate Automotive: carbon fibre, aramid, stainless steel, cellulose/glass fibre, copper, aramid fibre, cellulose, rubber Head, manifold and exhaust pipe gaskets coated steel, cellulose, cellulose/aramid fibre vegetable fibres Insulator for automobiles Outboard Engine: aramid fibres " Cylinder head gaskets " Cylinder head cover gaskets " Exhaust plate gaskets " Exhaust manifold gaskets Water pump gasket 11.7 Health effects of alternative materials
Poor adhesion to binders in virgin state: Low load capabilities without correct formulation for calendering process Carbon Fibres Advantages: Heat resistance: Chemical resistance: Resists hydrolysis: Enables use in higher temperature ranges approaching that of asbestos fibres Can be used for a wide range of chemicals and is to be used over the full pH scale (0-14) Can be used in materials required to seal medium pressure steam Disadvantages: Cost: Lower adhesion to binders compared to compressed asbestos fibres (CAF): Initial outlay high, but offset by longer serviceability and safer sealing Without correct formulation with support fibres and other ingredients, stress relaxation problems may arise Table 34 - Alternatives for gaskets in use in Australia Alternative Industrial: Cylinder head gaskets Exhaust manifold gaskets Gaskets for petrochemical and package boiler industry Gaskets for sealing and rotating equipment and associated equipment Insulation for industrial machinery Pipeline/flanges for petroleum industry Automotive: Head, manifold and exhaust pipe gaskets Insulator for automobiles Outboard Engine: Cylinder head gaskets Cylinder head cover gaskets Exhaust plate gaskets Exhaust manifold gaskets Water pump gasket paper (cellulose) gaskets " graphite sheets graphite and mineral ceramic fibre and graphite laminate carbon fibre, aramid, stainless steel, cellulose/glass fibre, copper, aramid fibre, cellulose, rubber coated steel, cellulose, cellulose/aramid fibre vegetable fibres aramid fibres " " " " 11.7 Health effects of alternative materials
PEC9-chrysotile-white-asbestos.docx