Calculating the expected values for each cell: Step Cell A Cell B Cell C Cell D Step 1: Find the total of the row containing the cell Step 2: Find the total of the column containing the cell Step 3: Multiply the answer to step 1 by the answer to step 2 Step 4: Find the total of all observations Expected value for cell Step 5: divide the answer to step 3 by the answer to step 4 Observed and expected frequencies Aggressive Pulled the string to receive Did not pulled the string a treat to receive a treat behaviour Did not observe innovator bees O = .......................... O = .......................... before being E= .......................... E= .......................... faced with the string pulling challenge Observed innovator bees O = .......................... O = .......................... before being E= .......................... E= .......................... faced with the string pulling challenge Calculating the Chi Squared observed value X2 = Σ (O-E)2 E
Calculating the expected values for each cell: Step Cell A Cell B Cell C Cell D Step 1: Find the total of the row containing the cell Step 2: Find the total of the column containing the cell Step 3: Multiply the answer to step 1 by the answer to step 2 Step 4: Find the total of all observations Expected value for cell Step 5: divide the answer to step 3 by the answer to step 4 Observed and expected frequencies Aggressive behaviour Pulled the string to receive a treat Did not pulled the string to receive a treat Did not observe innovator bees before being faced with the string pulling challenge O = .......................... E= .......................... O = .......................... E= .......................... Observed innovator bees before being faced with the string pulling challenge O = .......................... E= .......................... O = .......................... E= .......................... Calculating the Chi Squared observed value X2 = Σ (O-E)2 E
fact-or-fiction-t-and-f-4.docx