Modernism 11 Ethnosymbolism 14 Postmodernism 16 Integrating ethnosymbolism to understand postmodern nationalism 19 Exploring the concept of national myths 22 Identity and national identity 22 National myths 24 National myths in postcolonial nations 30 Postcolonialism and nationalism 30 National myth-making in postcolonial nations 34 Conclusion 35 Chapter 3: National Myths and Tourism Marketing 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Tourism, nation and nationalism 37 3.2.1 The nature of tourism 37 3.2.2 Tourism and nation 40 3.2.3 Cultural heritage and cultural tourism 43 3.3 Tourism marketing, heritage and national myths 46 3.3.1 The nature of tourism marketing 46 3.3.2 Conceptual tourism marketing and national myths in a 48 postmodern perspective 3.4 Visualising postcolonial destinations 55 3.4.1 Postcolonialism and tourism 55 3.4.2 National myths and tourism marketing in postcolonial destinations 57 3.5 Conclusion 59 Chapter 4: Chinese Postcolonial Destinations: Hong Kong and Macau 4. 1 Introduction 61 Colonialism and identity change in postcolonial Chinese cities 61 Pre-colonial period 62 Colonial period 63 Contemporary national myth-making: the handovers and now 66 The idea of China and the handovers 67 National myth-making in Hong Kong 69 National myth-making in Macau 74 Tourism and tourism marketing in Hong Kong and Macau 76 Tourism before and after the handovers 76 The mechanism of tourism and tourism marketing in Hong Kong and Macau 80 National myths and tourism marketing in Hong Kong and Macau 90 National myths and tourism marketing in postcolonial Chinese context 90 The conceptual framework 92 Conclusion 94 PART THREE: METHDOLOGY 96 Chapter 5: Research Design and methods 96 Introduction 96 Philosophy of research: locating national myths and tourism marketing 97 Ontology and epistemology 99 Axiology and rhetoric 100
Modernism Ethnosymbolism Postmodernism Integrating ethnosymbolism to understand postmodern nationalism Exploring the concept of national myths Identity and national identity National myths National myths in postcolonial nations Postcolonialism and nationalism National myth-making in postcolonial nations Conclusion 11 14 16 19 22 22 24 30 30 34 35 Chapter 3: National Myths and Tourism Marketing 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Tourism, nation and nationalism 3.2.1 The nature of tourism 3.2.2 Tourism and nation 3.2.3 Cultural heritage and cultural tourism 3.3 Tourism marketing, heritage and national myths 3.3.1 The nature of tourism marketing 3.3.2 Conceptual tourism marketing and national myths in a postmodern perspective 3.4 Visualising postcolonial destinations 3.4.1 Postcolonialism and tourism 3.4.2 National myths and tourism marketing in postcolonial destinations 3.5 Conclusion Chapter 4: Chinese Postcolonial Destinations: Hong Kong and Macau 4. 1 Introduction Colonialism and identity change in postcolonial Chinese cities Pre-colonial period Colonial period Contemporary national myth-making: the handovers and now The idea of China and the handovers National myth-making in Hong Kong National myth-making in Macau Tourism and tourism marketing in Hong Kong and Macau Tourism before and after the handovers The mechanism of tourism and tourism marketing in Hong Kong and Macau National myths and tourism marketing in Hong Kong and Macau National myths and tourism marketing in postcolonial Chinese context The conceptual framework Conclusion PART THREE: METHDOLOGY Chapter 5: Research Design and methods Introduction Philosophy of research: locating national myths and tourism marketing Ontology and epistemology Axiology and rhetoric 37 37 37 40 43 46 46 48 55 55 57 59 61 61 62 63 66 67 69 74 76 76 80 90 90 92 94 96 96 96 97 99 100
Final%20Carol%20ZHANG%20National%20Myth%20and%20Tourism%20Marketing-%20after%20viva.docx