diarrhea, Cholinesterase-inhibitors bronchospasm, Immunosuppressants increased secretions Plasmapheresis in crisis Both muscle weakness IV immunoglobulins in crisis Thymectomy Administer meds w/ food to prevent aspiration Monitor airway, swallowing Promote self-care Assist w/ communication Nutritional support Eye protection Avoid infection, stress, overheating Parkinson’s CPK levels: elevated Abnormal EEG Genetic markers R/O syphilis, HIV, heavy metal poisoning, stroke, brain tumor R/O hypo/hyperthyroid Alzheimer’s CPK levels: elevated MRI: brain atrophy CRP levels: elevated Genetic markers R/O syphilis, HIV, heavy metal poisoning, stroke, brain tumor R/O hypo/hyperthyroid Meningitis Bacterial: Meningismus (irritation) Hx of illnesses, dental tx, Prophylactic ABx, Immunocompromised Photophobial trauma Bacterial is most Malnutrition Nuchal rigidity Lumbar puncture Mannitol dangerous Alcoholism Kernig’s sign (bend hip) Anticonvulsants DM Brudzinski’s sign (bend neck) Steroids Viral: self-limiting, Recent dental tx Severe headache PCR Pain management more common, less Bacterial sinus infections High fever Antipyretics fatal Seizures at onset Altered LOC late sign Encephalitis Mosquito bites + Kernig’s & Brudzinski’s Lumbar puncture Support respirations Warmer climate Brain hemorrhage/necrosis Low glucose Manage ICP Usually viral Postviral from measles, mumps, Severe headache High protein Nutritional support chickenpox Fever High WBCs I&O
diarrhea, bronchospasm, increased secretions Both muscle weakness Cholinesterase-inhibitors Immunosuppressants Plasmapheresis in crisis IV immunoglobulins in crisis Thymectomy Administer meds w/ food to prevent aspiration Monitor airway, swallowing Promote self-care Assist w/ communication Nutritional support Eye protection Avoid infection, stress, overheating Parkinson’s CPK levels: elevated Abnormal EEG Genetic markers R/O syphilis, HIV, heavy metal poisoning, stroke, brain tumor R/O hypo/hyperthyroid Alzheimer’s CPK levels: elevated MRI: brain atrophy CRP levels: elevated Genetic markers R/O syphilis, HIV, heavy metal poisoning, stroke, brain tumor R/O hypo/hyperthyroid Meningitis Bacterial is most dangerous Viral: self-limiting, more common, less fatal Bacterial: Immunocompromised Malnutrition Alcoholism DM Recent dental tx Bacterial sinus infections Meningismus (irritation) Photophobial Nuchal rigidity Kernig’s sign (bend hip) Brudzinski’s sign (bend neck) Severe headache High fever Seizures at onset Altered LOC late sign Hx of illnesses, dental tx, trauma Lumbar puncture PCR Prophylactic ABx, Mannitol Anticonvulsants Steroids Pain management Antipyretics Encephalitis Usually viral Mosquito bites Warmer climate Postviral from measles, mumps, chickenpox + Kernig’s & Brudzinski’s Brain hemorrhage/necrosis Severe headache Fever Lumbar puncture Low glucose High protein High WBCs Support respirations Manage ICP Nutritional support I&O
exam2_review.docx