differing linguistic forms to complex language, even with a natural colloquial using non-verbal and making full and convey finer shades of while attention is flow, avoiding or intonational cues appropriate use of a meaning precisely, to otherwise engaged (eg in backtracking around any apparently effortlessly. variety of organisational give, emphasis, to forward planning, in difficultly so smoothly that Can interweave his/her patterns and a wide range differentiate and to monitoring the interlocutor is hardly contribution into the joint of connectors and other others’ eliminate ambiguity. Also reactions). aware of it. discourse with fully cohesive devices. has a good command of natural turntaking, idiomatic expressions and referencing, allusion colloquialisms. making, etc. Has a good command of Consistently maintains a Can express him/herself Can select a suitable Can produce clear, C1 a broad range of high degree of fluently and phrase from a readily smoothly flowing, well language allowing grammatical accuracy; spontaneously, almost available range of structured speech, him/her to select errors are rare, difficult to effortlessly. Only a discourse functions to showing controlled use of formulation to express spot and generally conceptually difficult preface his remarks in organisational patterns, him/herself clearly in an corrected when they do subject can hinder a order to get or to keep the connectors and cohesive appropriate style on a occur. natural, smooth flow of floor and to relate his/her devices. wide range of general, language. own contributions skilfully academic, professional or to those of other leisure topics without speakers. having to restrict what he/she wants to say. B2+ B2 Has a sufficient range of Shows a relatively high Can produce stretches of Can initiate discourse, Can use a limited number language to be able to degree of grammatical language with a fairly take his/her turn when of cohesive devices to
differing linguistic forms to convey finer shades of meaning precisely, to give, emphasis, to differentiate and to eliminate ambiguity. Also has a good command of idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms. complex language, even while attention is otherwise engaged (eg in forward planning, in monitoring others’ reactions). with a natural colloquial flow, avoiding or backtracking around any difficultly so smoothly that the interlocutor is hardly aware of it. using non-verbal and intonational cues apparently effortlessly. Can interweave his/her contribution into the joint discourse with fully natural turntaking, referencing, allusion making, etc. making full and appropriate use of a variety of organisational patterns and a wide range of connectors and other cohesive devices. C1 Has a good command of a broad range of language allowing him/her to select formulation to express him/herself clearly in an appropriate style on a wide range of general, academic, professional or leisure topics without having to restrict what he/she wants to say. Consistently maintains a high degree of grammatical accuracy; errors are rare, difficult to spot and generally corrected when they do occur. Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously, almost effortlessly. Only a conceptually difficult subject can hinder a natural, smooth flow of language. Can select a suitable phrase from a readily available range of discourse functions to preface his remarks in order to get or to keep the floor and to relate his/her own contributions skilfully to those of other speakers. Can produce clear, smoothly flowing, well structured speech, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices. B2+ B2 Has a sufficient range of language to be able to Shows a relatively high degree of grammatical Can produce stretches of language with a fairly Can initiate discourse, take his/her turn when Can use a limited number of cohesive devices to
f22366b8-f13a-42d9-99e6-f8b7fe5a2cda.docx