based on departmental size, gender, and professional certification. Lewellyn (1996) studies 38 behaviors in the areas of research, travel, outside employment, relationships with publishers, student-related activities, and information systems activities. The overall results were similar to those of Shenas and Derakshan (1994). Within the field of economics, List et al. (2001) examine three types of unethical behavior: falsification of research, expropriation of graduate student research or including an undeserving co-author on a research paper, and exchange of grades for gifts, money, or sex. The overall responses suggest that a significant number of academic economists have committed unethical research practices, with those at lower-tier schools committing a disproportion of unethical acts. Dewald et al. (1988) attempt to replicate various studies, and find it quite difficult to replicate results of published studies even with the data supplied by the authors. Follow-up discussions by Merrick (1988) and Dewald et al. (1988, 1162) highlight the challenges of replication, much of which they suggest stems from "a system of professional rewards which does not value replication." However, while most of the studies cited are conducted abroad, it’s observed that most of the results are similar with what we observed and heard happening in Nigeria. Paucity of local empirical studies and literature concerning the subject matter forced us to rely on foreign based studies. This could be seen as one of the limitation of the paper. There appears to be evidence across all disciplines that the pressure of publishing and the continually narrowing guidelines within which to do so are trending academicians to loosen their ethical viewpoints in favor of a more existentialist view of life. This is alarming as it may undermine the credibility of the profession internally and externally.
based on departmental size, gender, and professional certification. Lewellyn (1996) studies 38 behaviors in the areas of research, travel, outside employment, relationships with publishers, student-related activities, and information systems activities. The overall results were similar to those of Shenas and Derakshan (1994). Within the field of economics, List et al. (2001) examine three types of unethical behavior: falsification of research, expropriation of graduate student research or including an undeserving co-author on a research paper, and exchange of grades for gifts, money, or sex. The overall responses suggest that a significant number of academic economists have committed unethical research practices, with those at lower-tier schools committing a disproportion of unethical acts. Dewald et al. (1988) attempt to replicate various studies, and find it quite difficult to replicate results of published studies even with the data supplied by the authors. Follow-up discussions by Merrick (1988) and Dewald et al. (1988, 1162) highlight the challenges of replication, much of which they suggest stems from "a system of professional rewards which does not value replication." However, while most of the studies cited are conducted abroad, it’s observed that most of the results are similar with what we observed and heard happening in Nigeria. Paucity of local empirical studies and literature concerning the subject matter forced us to rely on foreign based studies. This could be seen as one of the limitation of the paper. There appears to be evidence across all disciplines that the pressure of publishing and the continually narrowing guidelines within which to do so are trending academicians to loosen their ethical viewpoints in favor of a more existentialist view of life. This is alarming as it may undermine the credibility of the profession internally and externally.
ETHICAL-ISSUES-AND-CONFIDENTIALITIES-IN-RESERCH-PROCESS.docx