No conclusions on risk of caries No evidence that age of CF is Not addressed. Insufficient data to make Dental health and age of CF related to having caries. conclusion 1 Both ESPGHAN and EFSA define CF as the period when complementary are given together with either human milk or a breast milk substitute. 2 Atopic disease, asthma and allergy were the only health outcomes that were examined specifically in relation to introduction of CF (other health outcomes examined were in relation to duration of breastfeeding, as noted). Attachment 2: Allergy and association with age of complementary feeding Table summarises primary studies investigating the link between age of introduction of solid foods and risk of food-related allergy, allergic diseases and syndromes. Studies were selected as described in Section 3.2. Columns on far right indicate where study has been cited by major review publications. See References for citation details. BF = any breast feeding; EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; FF = formula-feeding; CF = complementary feeding. Age by 2 Study Type & Effect Exposure variable N Outcome (location) Population (foods introduced; time period) ES A N Evidence shows early (before 4 mo) increases risk of allergic disease 1981 Cohort ± 1265 E 2 yr Solid foods at before/after 4 mo in Solid foods introduced before 4 mo increases Fergusson parental breastfed and formula-fed infants risk of E in both breastfed and formula-fed (New history of infants Zealand) atopy 1983 Cohort w/ 135 E, FA 1 yr Solid foods introduced at 3 mo Early solid food introduction (3 mo compared Kajosaari history of compared to 6 mo to EBF infants to 6 mo) increases risk of E, FA (Finland) atopy 1990 Cohort; 1265 E 0-10 yr Various foods at before/after 4 mo Solids introduced before 4 mo increases risk Fergusson Normal allergy of E (New risk Zealand) 1991 Cohort w/ 135 AD, 5 yr Solid foods introduced at 3 mo At 1 yr, delayed solid foods to 6 mo Kajosaari history of FA compared to 6 mo to EBF infants (compared to 3 mo) reduces risk of E, FA but (Finland) atopy no difference at 5 yr. 1994 Cohort w/ 135 E, FA 1 yr Solid foods introduced at 3 mo Delayed solid foods to 6 mo (compared to 3
Dental health No conclusions on risk of caries and age of CF No evidence that age of CF is related to having caries. Not addressed. Insufficient data to make conclusion 1 Both ESPGHAN and EFSA define CF as the period when complementary are given together with either human milk or a breast milk substitute. 2 Atopic disease, asthma and allergy were the only health outcomes that were examined specifically in relation to introduction of CF (other health outcomes examined were in relation to duration of breastfeeding, as noted). Attachment 2: Allergy and association with age of complementary feeding Table summarises primary studies investigating the link between age of introduction of solid foods and risk of food-related allergy, allergic diseases and syndromes. Studies were selected as described in Section 3.2. Columns on far right indicate where study has been cited by major review publications. See References for citation details. BF = any breast feeding; EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; FF = formula-feeding; CF = complementary feeding. Study (location) Type & Population N Age Exposure variable (foods introduced; time period) Outcome by 2 ES A N Evidence shows early (before 4 mo) increases risk of allergic disease 1981 Fergusson (New Zealand) Cohort ± parental history of atopy 1265 E 2 yr Solid foods at before/after 4 mo in breastfed and formula-fed infants Solid foods introduced before 4 mo increases risk of E in both breastfed and formula-fed infants 1983 Kajosaari (Finland) Cohort w/ history of atopy 135 E, FA 1 yr Solid foods introduced at 3 mo compared to 6 mo to EBF infants Early solid food introduction (3 mo compared to 6 mo) increases risk of E, FA 1990 Fergusson (New Zealand) Cohort; Normal allergy risk 1265 E 0-10 yr Various foods at before/after 4 mo Solids introduced before 4 mo increases risk of E 1991 Kajosaari (Finland) Cohort w/ history of atopy 135 AD, FA 5 yr Solid foods introduced at 3 mo compared to 6 mo to EBF infants At 1 yr, delayed solid foods to 6 mo (compared to 3 mo) reduces risk of E, FA but no difference at 5 yr. 1994 Cohort w/ 135 E, FA 1 yr Solid foods introduced at 3 mo Delayed solid foods to 6 mo (compared to 3 Effect
P274-SD1-RiskAssess.docx