Recall that a sudden change in Explain how spreading the Explain why forces can be momentum in a collision, results in change in momentum over a reduced when stopping a large force that can cause longer time reduces the (e.g. crumple zones, braking injury. likelihood of injury. distances, escape lanes, crash barriers, seatbelts and airbags) Explain, using the ideas about by: momentum, the use of crumple zones, seatbelts and airbags in increasing stopping or collision • cars. time increasing stopping or collision • distance decreasing acceleration. • Describe the typical safety Describe how seatbelts, crumple Evaluate the effectiveness of features of modern cars that zones and airbags are useful in a given safety features in terms of require energy to be absorbed crash because they: saving lives and reducing injuries. when vehicles stop: change shape • heating in brakes, crumple absorb energy Describe how ABS brakes: • • zones, seatbelts, airbags. reduce injuries. make it possible to keep control • • of the steering of a vehicle in Explain why seatbelts have to be Describe how test data may be hazardous situations (e.g. when replaced after a crash. gathered and used to identify braking hard or going into a skid) and develop safety features for work by the brakes • Recognise the risks and benefits cars. automatically pumping on and arising from the use of seatbelts. off to avoid skidding sometimes reduce braking • Recall and distinguish between distances. typical safety features of cars which: Analyse personal and social are intended to prevent choices in terms of risk and • accidents, or benefits of wearing seatbelts. are intended to protect • occupants in the event of an accident.
Recall that a sudden change in momentum in a collision, results in a large force that can cause injury. Explain how spreading the change in momentum over a longer time reduces the likelihood of injury. Explain, using the ideas about momentum, the use of crumple zones, seatbelts and airbags in cars. Explain why forces can be reduced when stopping (e.g. crumple zones, braking distances, escape lanes, crash barriers, seatbelts and airbags) by: • increasing stopping or collision time • increasing stopping or collision distance • decreasing acceleration. Describe the typical safety features of modern cars that require energy to be absorbed when vehicles stop: • heating in brakes, crumple zones, seatbelts, airbags. Explain why seatbelts have to be replaced after a crash. Recognise the risks and benefits arising from the use of seatbelts. Recall and distinguish between typical safety features of cars which: • are intended to prevent accidents, or • are intended to protect occupants in the event of an accident. Describe how seatbelts, crumple zones and airbags are useful in a crash because they: • change shape • absorb energy • reduce injuries. Describe how test data may be gathered and used to identify and develop safety features for cars. Evaluate the effectiveness of given safety features in terms of saving lives and reducing injuries. Describe how ABS brakes: • make it possible to keep control of the steering of a vehicle in hazardous situations (e.g. when braking hard or going into a skid) • work by the brakes automatically pumping on and off to avoid skidding • sometimes reduce braking distances. Analyse personal and social choices in terms of risk and benefits of wearing seatbelts.
P3%20Booklet%20FINAL.docx