Table 8.1: Measured and predicted airborne concentrations of glycolic acid (mg/m3) in raw material and formulation manufacture facilities and a beauty salon in USA and Australia Average glycolic acid Analytical results Site Process Description concentration in Duration EASE Monitoring product handled N Range Median (min) estimate Belle, VA, USA Manufacture Personal Operators Full-shift** 10 <0.1-1.2 0.20 1.5 0-0.3 70% Purification Personal Operators Full-shift 3 <0.1 <0.1 - 0-0.3 70% Road tanker loading Personal Operators 11 <0.1-1.4 0.20 1.6 Negligible 70% Drumming Personal Operators 19 <0.1-0.6 0.10 0.53 Negligible 70% Wilmington, DE, Simulated blending Static 50 cm above tank at 180-240 8 0.14-0.33 0.28 0.52 Negligible 70% USA 45° angle USA, not further Cosmetic formulation Static 15-45 cm from vessel 85-280 4 <0.1-0.15 0.085 0.60 0-0.2 40% specified manufacture surfaces Tomago, NSW Household cleaner Personal Operator 300 1 <0.1 - - Negligible 5% formulation manufacture Household cleaner Static 50 cm above open 270-280 2 <0.1 <0.1 - Negligible 5% formulation manufacture mixing vessel Nowra, NSW Industrial cleaner Personal Operator 240 1 <0.1 - - Negligible 45% formulation manufacture and filling Industrial cleaner Static 50 cm above open 240 1 0.15 - - Negligible 45% formulation manufacture mixing vessel Industrial cleaner Static Proximity of filling 240 1 <0.1 - - Negligible 45% formulation filling area Sydney, NSW Beauty salon Static Inside cubicle 310 1 0.1 - - Negligible 20% * Upper tolerance limit encompassing 95% of exposures with a certainty of 95% (calculated according to Mulhausen & Damiano (1998), with non-detectable results assigned a value of 0.7 times the detection limit) ** 12-hour shifts
Table 8.1: Measured and predicted airborne concentrations of glycolic acid (mg/m3) in raw material and formulation manufacture facilities and a beauty salon in USA and Australia Site Process Monitoring Description Duration (min) EASE estimate Average glycolic acid concentration in product handled Analytical results N Range Median Belle, VA, USA Manufacture Personal Operators Full-shift** 10 <0.1-1.2 0.20 1.5 0-0.3 70% Purification Personal Operators Full-shift 3 <0.1 <0.1 - 0-0.3 70% Road tanker loading Personal Operators 11 <0.1-1.4 0.20 1.6 Negligible 70% Drumming Personal Operators 19 <0.1-0.6 0.10 0.53 Negligible 70% Wilmington, DE, USA Simulated blending Static 50 cm above tank at 45° angle 180-240 8 0.14-0.33 0.28 0.52 Negligible 70% USA, not further specified Cosmetic formulation manufacture Static 15-45 cm from vessel surfaces 85-280 4 <0.1-0.15 0.085 0.60 0-0.2 40% Tomago, NSW Household cleaner formulation manufacture Personal Operator 300 1 <0.1 - - Negligible 5% Household cleaner formulation manufacture Static 50 cm above open mixing vessel 270-280 2 <0.1 <0.1 - Negligible 5% Nowra, NSW Industrial cleaner formulation manufacture and filling Personal Operator 240 1 <0.1 - - Negligible 45% Industrial cleaner formulation manufacture Static 50 cm above open mixing vessel 240 1 0.15 - - Negligible 45% Industrial cleaner formulation filling Static Proximity of filling area 240 1 <0.1 - - Negligible 45% Sydney, NSW Beauty salon Static Inside cubicle 310 1 0.1 - - Negligible 20% * Upper tolerance limit encompassing 95% of exposures with a certainty of 95% (calculated according to Mulhausen & Damiano (1998), with non-detectable results assigned a value of 0.7 times the detection limit) ** 12-hour shifts
PEC12-glycolic-acid.docx