as dormant cocoons to parts of south-eastern Australia. The parasite has not been recovered from release sites however and its establishment is not confirmed. Pest risk assessment The outcome of this pest risk assessment is an unrestricted risk estimate for European wasp in association with table grapes imported from other Australian states and territories. The unrestricted risk is estimated in the absence of risk management measures (including inspection). The pest risk assessment considers basic standards of practice for the production and transport of table grapes including cooling table grapes to 0–2oC at 85–98% relative humidity and stored in standard closed box packaging with sulphur pads. Likelihoods and consequences are described using the processes and nomenclature outlined in Appendix A. Probability of entry The probability of entry describes the likelihood that the quarantine pest will be imported into the PRA area and be distributed in a viable state to a suitable host The probability of entry is considered in two parts; the probability of importation factors) and the probability of distribution (post-border factors). The probability of entry is determined by combining the probabilities of importation and distribution using the matrix rules shown in Table A2. Probability of importation The likelihood that European wasps will arrive in Western Australia with the importation of table grapes is based on an assessment of factors in the source and destination area considered relevant to European wasps and includes: Association with the table grape pathway at its origin Commercial table grape production occurs in all mainland Australian states and territories with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory (). European wasp has been recorded from the table grape producing states and territories of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and the Northern Territory. and (D Cook 2015, pers. comm.) predicted that 3950 tonnes of table grapes could be expected to be imported into Western Australia per year from other Australian states and territories should table grapes be permitted entry. This is considered to be the minimum import volume when estimating the likelihood of importation. European wasps are a recognised pest in vineyards causing occupational health and safety issues with stings to workers, and crop damage and loss of quality in wine (). indicates that some wineries bring harvests forward to reduce losses when wasp numbers are high. European wasps are highly mobile and would have ample opportunity to move off the fruit when harvested and processed through standard packing house operations.
as dormant cocoons to parts of south-eastern Australia. The parasite has not been recovered from release sites however and its establishment is not confirmed. Pest risk assessment The outcome of this pest risk assessment is an unrestricted risk estimate for European wasp in association with table grapes imported from other Australian states and territories. The unrestricted risk is estimated in the absence of risk management measures (including inspection). The pest risk assessment considers basic standards of practice for the production and transport of table grapes including cooling table grapes to 0–2oC at 85–98% relative humidity and stored in standard closed box packaging with sulphur pads. Likelihoods and consequences are described using the processes and nomenclature outlined in Appendix A. Probability of entry The probability of entry describes the likelihood that the quarantine pest will be imported into the PRA area and be distributed in a viable state to a suitable host The probability of entry is considered in two parts; the probability of importation factors) and the probability of distribution (post-border factors). The probability of entry is determined by combining the probabilities of importation and distribution using the matrix rules shown in Table A2. Probability of importation The likelihood that European wasps will arrive in Western Australia with the importation of table grapes is based on an assessment of factors in the source and destination area considered relevant to European wasps and includes: Association with the table grape pathway at its origin Commercial table grape production occurs in all mainland Australian states and territories with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory (). European wasp has been recorded from the table grape producing states and territories of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and the Northern Territory. and (D Cook 2015, pers. comm.) predicted that 3950 tonnes of table grapes could be expected to be imported into Western Australia per year from other Australian states and territories should table grapes be permitted entry. This is considered to be the minimum import volume when estimating the likelihood of importation. European wasps are a recognised pest in vineyards causing occupational health and safety issues with stings to workers, and crop damage and loss of quality in wine (). indicates that some wineries bring harvests forward to reduce losses when wasp numbers are high. European wasps are highly mobile and would have ample opportunity to move off the fruit when harvested and processed through standard packing house operations.
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