to enter the shear box without during test. The value of 39o was observed, representing Eϕ of 73%. Arulrajah et al (2013) reported 50o between RCA and a similar biaxial geogrid, with of an Eϕ of 55%. Other coarser materials, such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone, exhibited from 37o to 44o (Hsieh et al. 2011). ranging Extension of the width (left), and height (right) of the nodes located at each aperture Figure 4.10. corners of the biaxial geogrid. 4.3.2. RAP RAP samples were compacted at 22 oC, 35 oC, and 50 oC, and interface direct shear tests were conducted at room temperature (i.e. 22 oC). Results of large scale interface direct shear tests between RAP and the four selected geosynthetic reinforcements, and their respective failure envelopes are displayed in Figure 4.11. A summary of the at the target values temperatures is provided in Table 4.5. The Eϕ between RAP and woven geotextile are comparable to values of concrete and geotextile (26o at 22 oC) (Koerner 2005), but slightly lower than that of gravel-woven
to enter the shear box without during test. The value of 39o was observed, representing Eϕ of 73%. Arulrajah et al (2013) reported of 50o between RCA and a similar biaxial geogrid, with an Eϕ of 55%. Other coarser materials, such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone, exhibited ranging from 37o to 44o (Hsieh et al. 2011). Figure 4.10. Extension of the width (left), and height (right) of the nodes located at each aperture corners of the biaxial geogrid. 4.3.2. RAP RAP samples were compacted at 22 oC, 35 oC, and 50 oC, and interface direct shear tests were conducted at room temperature (i.e. 22 oC). Results of large scale interface direct shear tests between RAP and the four selected geosynthetic reinforcements, and their respective failure envelopes are displayed in Figure 4.11. A summary of the values at the target temperatures is provided in Table 4.5. The and Eϕ between RAP and woven geotextile are comparable to values of concrete geotextile (26o at 22 oC) (Koerner 2005), but slightly lower than that of gravel-woven
PAULO-FLORIO-MS-THESIS-final.docx