Explain the limitations of the particle theory in relation to changes of state when particles Predict (10 minutes) Students sketch a graph to show what happens are represented by solid inelastic spheres as water is heated from °C to 110 °C. (Graph axes should be −10 which have no forces between them. temperature against time. Temperature increases from °C to −10 0 °C. Plateau at 0 °C, where ice melts to liquid water. Temperature 2.2.2 In chemical equations, the three states of increases from 0 °C to 100 °C. Plateau at 100 °C where liquid water matter are shown as (s), (l), and (g). turns to steam. Temperature increases from 100 °C to 110 °C.) Students should annotate their diagrams using particle diagrams. Lesson C3.2 Atoms into ions MS: 5b AQA spec link: Aiming for Grade 4 LOs: 2.1.1 There are three types of strong chemical State the particles involved in ionic and Starters bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic. For ionic covalent bonding. Turning bonding the particles are oppositely charged Describe, with an example, how a match ions. Ionic bonding occurs in compounds formed 1 metal atom becomes a positive ion. from metals combined with non-metals. Describe, with an example, how a Group 7 non-metal atom becomes a Label For covalent bonding the particles are atoms negative ion. diagram which share pairs of electrons. chloride. and Aiming for Grade 6 LOs: 2.1.2 When a metal atom reacts with a atom electrons in the outer shell of the Draw dot and cross diagrams of metal atom are transferred. Main compounds formed between Group 1 and Group 7 elements. Making Metal atoms lose electrons to become positively Explain how electron transfer allows with dot charged ions. Non-metal atoms gain electrons to become ionic bonding to occur in the compound become negatively charged ions. The ions formed when a Group 1 metal reacts ask produced by metals in Groups 1 and 2 and by ions with a Group 7 non-metal.
Explain the limitations of the particle theory in relation to changes of state when particles are represented by solid inelastic spheres which have no forces between them. 2.2.2 In chemical equations, the three states of matter are shown as (s), (l), and (g). Predict (10 minutes) Students sketch a graph to show what happens as water is heated from −10 °C to 110 °C. (Graph axes should be temperature against time. Temperature increases from −10 °C to 0 °C. Plateau at 0 °C, where ice melts to liquid water. Temperature increases from 0 °C to 100 °C. Plateau at 100 °C where liquid water turns to steam. Temperature increases from 100 °C to 110 °C.) Students should annotate their diagrams using particle diagrams. Lesson C3.2 Atoms into ions MS: 5b AQA spec link: 2.1.1 There are three types of strong chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic. For ionic bonding the particles are oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonding occurs in compounds formed from metals combined with non-metals. For covalent bonding the particles are atoms which share pairs of electrons. 2.1.2 When a metal atom reacts with a atom electrons in the outer shell of the metal atom are transferred. Metal atoms lose electrons to become positively charged ions. Non-metal atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged ions. The ions produced by metals in Groups 1 and 2 and by Aiming for Grade 4 LOs: State the particles involved in ionic and covalent bonding. Describe, with an example, how a 1 metal atom becomes a positive ion. Describe, with an example, how a Group 7 non-metal atom becomes a negative ion. Starters Turning match Label diagram chloride. and Main Making with dot ask ions become Aiming for Grade 6 LOs: Draw dot and cross diagrams of compounds formed between Group 1 and Group 7 elements. Explain how electron transfer allows ionic bonding to occur in the compound formed when a Group 1 metal reacts with a Group 7 non-metal.
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