Year Study Finding type Baydar et Survey US When infant was 2 months old, 43% of mothers did not al. (1997), boil tap water before use. Fein & Falci (1999) Kwon Survey US 19% of mothers used boiled water. 36% used filtered or (2002) bottled water. Define 2006 Qualitative UK Majority reported they boiled water, then let it cool for Research & (focus 30-40 minutes. Some added boiling water to formula Insight groups) (2006) Bolling et 2005 Survey UK 59% of mothers followed recommendations to use water al. (2007) boiled and left to cool for less than 30 minutes. 40% left it to cool for longer than 30 minutes Carletti & 2006 Survey 22% of parents used water at 70 degrees Celsius or Cattaneo warmer to prepare formula (2008) Herbold & 2004 40% of observed participants brought the water to the Scott boil before use. One used bottled water (2008) study Survey When infant was 1.5–4.5 months old, 30% of mothers et al. boiled tap water before use (2008) Lennox et 2011 Survey UK When making up formula, 68% used that had been al. (2011) boiled and left to cool for no more than 30 minutes. McAndrew 2010 Survey UK 71% of mothers (of 4–10 week old infants) used water et al. that had been boiled and left to cool for 30 minutes or (2012) less 29% left it to cool for longer than 30 minutes Redmond & Qualitative UK All parents reported preparing with boiled water. Griffith (focus (2013c) groups) Redmond & 2010 UK 100% of parents prepared the feeds used boiled tap Griffith study water. (2013a) 70% followed the recommendation to cool the water for less than 30 minutes before using it to prepare the formula. Redmond & 2010 15% of feeds were prepared with boiled water cooled for Griffith less than 30 minutes. 85% prepared using boiled water (2013b) cooled for more than 30 minutes. 2.2.2 Storing prepared infant formula at room temperature Caregivers were generally aware that infant formula should not be kept at room temperature once prepared (see Table A2.2, below), and most reported only leaving prepared infant formula at room temperature for two hours or less. However, no Australian or New Zealand studies explored this behaviour. Table A2.2: Storing prepared infant formula at room temperature Year type Finding
Year Study type Finding Baydar et al. (1997), Fein & Falci (1999) Survey When infant was 2 months old, 43% of mothers did not boil tap water before use. Kwon (2002) Survey 19% of mothers used boiled water. 36% used filtered or bottled water. Define Research & Insight (2006) 2006 Qualitative (focus groups) UK Majority reported they boiled water, then let it cool for 30-40 minutes. Some added boiling water to formula Bolling et al. (2007) 2005 Survey UK 59% of mothers followed recommendations to use water boiled and left to cool for less than 30 minutes. 40% left it to cool for longer than 30 minutes Carletti & Cattaneo (2008) 2006 Survey 22% of parents used water at 70 degrees Celsius or warmer to prepare formula Herbold & Scott (2008) 2004 study 40% of observed participants brought the water to the boil before use. One used bottled water et al. (2008) Survey When infant was 1.5–4.5 months old, 30% of mothers boiled tap water before use Lennox et al. (2011) 2011 Survey UK When making up formula, 68% used that had been boiled and left to cool for no more than 30 minutes. McAndrew et al. (2012) 2010 Survey UK 71% of mothers (of 4–10 week old infants) used water that had been boiled and left to cool for 30 minutes or less 29% left it to cool for longer than 30 minutes Redmond & Griffith (2013c) Qualitative (focus groups) UK All parents reported preparing with boiled water. Redmond & Griffith (2013a) 2010 study UK 100% of parents prepared the feeds used boiled tap water. 70% followed the recommendation to cool the water for less than 30 minutes before using it to prepare the formula. Redmond & Griffith (2013b) 2010 15% of feeds were prepared with boiled water cooled for less than 30 minutes. 85% prepared using boiled water cooled for more than 30 minutes. 2.2.2 Storing prepared infant formula at room temperature Caregivers were generally aware that infant formula should not be kept at room temperature once prepared (see Table A2.2, below), and most reported only leaving prepared infant formula at room temperature for two hours or less. However, no Australian or New Zealand studies explored this behaviour. Table A2.2: Storing prepared infant formula at room temperature Year type Finding US US
P1028-Consult-SD2-SafetyTechnology.docx