PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: under heading: Foundations of Criminal Justice: Legal and Historical Bases OBJ: 2 COG: Analysis Evaluate how politics impacts the role of the police and courts in the United States. 72. ANS: Politics impacts all aspects of the criminal justice system. With regard to law enforcement, chiefs of police serve at the pleasure of city councils, while county sheriffs are elected into office. As a result, the potential for political patronage and influence is significant. Police administrators must be mindful of how their agencies' operations are always subject to oversight from city councils or county boards of supervisors, where almost every decision can be considered political. With regard to the courts, judges in many jurisdictions are elected, so it may be necessary to accept campaign contributions or identify with one political party. This can impact a judge's likelihood of serving impartially. As a result, many states are moving to a merit selection plan, where judges are appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the governor. PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: under heading: Politics and Criminal Justice OBJ: 3 COG: Analysis Explain the two different means by which the probable cause determination is made that the 73. accused committed the crime and whether he/she should be tried. ANS: The probable determination can be made in one of two ways. In many jurisdictions, it is made at the preliminary hearing, when a judge determines if there is probable cause to believe the accused committed the crime and should move forward to trial. If the judge does not find probable cause, the case is dismissed. Another way involves the use of a grand jury. In some jurisdictions, the prosecutor presents evidence to the grand jury, which makes the probable cause determination. If they decide in the affirmative, it submits an indictment to the court. PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: under heading: Prosecution and Pretrial Activities OBJ: 6 COG: Comprehension Explain the criminal justice process from arrest to sentencing and what happens at each phase. 74. ANS:
PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: under heading: Foundations of Criminal Justice: Legal and Historical Bases OBJ: 2 COG: Analysis 72. Evaluate how politics impacts the role of the police and courts in the United States. ANS: Politics impacts all aspects of the criminal justice system. With regard to law enforcement, chiefs of police serve at the pleasure of city councils, while county sheriffs are elected into office. As a result, the potential for political patronage and influence is significant. Police administrators must be mindful of how their agencies' operations are always subject to oversight from city councils or county boards of supervisors, where almost every decision can be considered political. With regard to the courts, judges in many jurisdictions are elected, so it may be necessary to accept campaign contributions or identify with one political party. This can impact a judge's likelihood of serving impartially. As a result, many states are moving to a merit selection plan, where judges are appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the governor. PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: under heading: Politics and Criminal Justice OBJ: 3 COG: Analysis 73. Explain the two different means by which the probable cause determination is made that the accused committed the crime and whether he/she should be tried. ANS: The probable determination can be made in one of two ways. In many jurisdictions, it is made at the preliminary hearing, when a judge determines if there is probable cause to believe the accused committed the crime and should move forward to trial. If the judge does not find probable cause, the case is dismissed. Another way involves the use of a grand jury. In some jurisdictions, the prosecutor presents evidence to the grand jury, which makes the probable cause determination. If they decide in the affirmative, it submits an indictment to the court. PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: under heading: Prosecution and Pretrial Activities OBJ: 6 COG: Comprehension 74. Explain the criminal justice process from arrest to sentencing and what happens at each phase. ANS:
Peak%202e%20Ch%2001%20Test%20Bank_1.docx