Reference State Plant Community Canopy Trees Common Name Botanical Name Cover % (low-high) Canopy Height (ft) WHITE OAK 40-70 70 Quercus alba NORTHERN RED OAK 20-40 80 Quercus rubra MOCKERNUT HICKORY 10-20 60 Carya alba SHAGBARK HICKORY 10-20 50 Carya ovata SUGAR MAPLE 5-20 60 Acer saccharum WHITE ASH 10-20 70 Fraxinus americana BITTERNUT HICKORY 5-20 70 Carya cordiformis BASSWOOD 5-20 70 Tilia americana Understory Trees Common Name Botanical Name Cover % (low-high) Canopy Height (ft) HORNBEAM 10-30 40 Ostrya virginiana PAWPAW 10-20 20 Asimina triloba BLACK HAW 10-20 30 Viburnum prunifolium RED ELM 10-20 50 Ulmus rubra Shrubs Common Name Botanical Name Cover % (low-high) Canopy Height (ft) FRAGRANT SUMAC 10-20 3 Rhus aromatica AMERICAN HAZELNUT 20-30 3 Corylus americana Vines Common Name Botanical Name Cover % (low-high) VIRGINIA CREEPER 10-20 Parthenocissus quinquefolia SUMMER GRAPE 10-20 Vitis aestivalis Ferns Common Name Botanical Name Cover % (low-high) CHRISTMAS FERN 5-20 Polystichum acrostichoides Forbs Common Name Botanical Name Cover % (low-high) VIRGINIA-SNAKEROOT 10-20 Aristolochia serpentaria VIRGINIA SPRINGBEAUTY 20-40 Claytonia virginica CUTLEAF TOOTHWORT 20-40 Cardamine concatenate HARBINGER OF SPRING 20-40 Erigenia bulbosa WHITE DOG'S TOOTH VIOLET 10-20 Erythronium albidum HEPATICA 10-20 Hepatica nobilis GOLDEN SEAL 10-20 Hydrastis canadensis WILD BLUE PHLOX 20-30 Phlox divaricata MAYAPPLE 20-30 Podophyllum peltatum TOAD SHADE 20-30 Trillium sessile BELLWORT 10-20 Uvularia grandiflora Grasses and sedges Common Name Botanical Name Typically <5% cover n/a
Reference State Plant Community Canopy Trees Common Name Botanical Name Cover % (low-high) Canopy Height (ft) WHITE OAK Quercus alba 40-70 70 NORTHERN RED OAK Quercus rubra 20-40 80 MOCKERNUT HICKORY Carya alba 10-20 60 SHAGBARK HICKORY Carya ovata 10-20 50 SUGAR MAPLE Acer saccharum 5-20 60 WHITE ASH Fraxinus americana 10-20 70 BITTERNUT HICKORY Carya cordiformis 5-20 70 BASSWOOD Tilia americana 5-20 70 Understory Trees Common Name Botanical Name Cover % (low-high) Canopy Height (ft) HORNBEAM Ostrya virginiana 10-30 40 PAWPAW Asimina triloba 10-20 20 BLACK HAW Viburnum prunifolium 10-20 30 RED ELM Ulmus rubra 10-20 50 Shrubs Common Name Botanical Name Cover % (low-high) Canopy Height (ft) FRAGRANT SUMAC Rhus aromatica 10-20 3 AMERICAN HAZELNUT Corylus americana 20-30 3 Vines Common Name Botanical Name Cover % (low-high) VIRGINIA CREEPER Parthenocissus quinquefolia 10-20 SUMMER GRAPE Vitis aestivalis 10-20 Ferns Common Name Botanical Name Cover % (low-high) CHRISTMAS FERN Polystichum acrostichoides 5-20 Forbs Common Name Botanical Name Cover % (low-high) VIRGINIA-SNAKEROOT Aristolochia serpentaria 10-20 VIRGINIA SPRINGBEAUTY Claytonia virginica 20-40 CUTLEAF TOOTHWORT Cardamine concatenate 20-40 HARBINGER OF SPRING Erigenia bulbosa 20-40 WHITE DOG'S TOOTH VIOLET Erythronium albidum 10-20 HEPATICA Hepatica nobilis 10-20 GOLDEN SEAL Hydrastis canadensis 10-20 WILD BLUE PHLOX Phlox divaricata 20-30 MAYAPPLE Podophyllum peltatum 20-30 TOAD SHADE Trillium sessile 20-30 BELLWORT Uvularia grandiflora 10-20 Grasses and sedges Common Name Botanical Name Typically <5% cover n/a
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