They also followed a nomadic (travelling) lifestyle lived in tipis and used every – part of the buffalo for food, fuel, clothing, shelter and ornaments. Plains Indians believed that all nature and land must be treated with respect or the spirits would no longer agree to help them survive. Horses were essential for hunting, travelling and warfare. –used Beliefs: Everything in nature had a spirit and sometimes helped humans. Plains Indians danced rituals (eg. Sun to enter the spirit world. Land was seen as sacred some tribes farmed land but believed it wasn’t – owned by anyone. Other tribes believed it was disrespectful to farm land. Attitudes to war tribes would raid each other for food, horses, weapons and – people (women and children). To limit warrior loses, tribes developed the coup’, warriors would hit or touch (instead of killing) an enemy and try ‘counting to get away uninjured. US government policy towards Plains Indians: Key events: the Indian and Intercourse Act (1834) Americans saw the Plains Indians as savage who did not improve the land The US federal government struggled for a solution to Indian problem’ ‘the – they tried the following: A to move American Indians west of Indian Frontier’ (1830) ‘permanent the Mississippi river. People travelling West followed trials US army forced Plains Indians to – move away and stop them attacking the trials. Indian Appropriations Act (1851) government paid to move Plains – Indians in Indian Territory onto reservations. Migration and early settlement: Factors affecting the West: Economic in 1837, crisis meant people wanted a new life in the West. – Farmland in Oregon the promise of free farming land in the West was a – powerful factor. The Oregon Trial was a practical way for migrants to get ‘pull’ across the Rocky Mountains with wagons. Government help encouraged movement to Oregon. They provided $30,000 for an expedition to map the Oregon Trial to help migrants. Gold Rush, 1849 100,000 people left the East to travel to California. Thousands – travelled find gold. There were several consequences:
They also followed a nomadic (travelling) lifestyle – lived in tipis and used every part of the buffalo for food, fuel, clothing, shelter and ornaments. Plains Indians believed that all nature and land must be treated with respect or the spirits would no longer agree to help them survive. Horses were essential –used for hunting, travelling and warfare. Beliefs: Everything in nature had a spirit and sometimes helped humans. Plains Indians danced rituals (eg. Sun to enter the spirit world. Land was seen as sacred – some tribes farmed land but believed it wasn’t owned by anyone. Other tribes believed it was disrespectful to farm land. Attitudes to war – tribes would raid each other for food, horses, weapons and people (women and children). To limit warrior loses, tribes developed the ‘counting coup’, warriors would hit or touch (instead of killing) an enemy and try to get away uninjured. US government policy towards Plains Indians: Key events: the Indian and Intercourse Act (1834) Americans saw the Plains Indians as savage who did not improve the land The US federal government struggled for a solution to ‘the Indian problem’ – they tried the following: A ‘permanent Indian Frontier’ (1830) to move American Indians west of the Mississippi river. People travelling West followed trials – US army forced Plains Indians to move away and stop them attacking the trials. Indian Appropriations Act (1851) – government paid to move Plains Indians in Indian Territory onto reservations. Migration and early settlement: Factors affecting the West: Economic – in 1837, crisis meant people wanted a new life in the West. Farmland in Oregon – the promise of free farming land in the West was a powerful ‘pull’ factor. The Oregon Trial was a practical way for migrants to get across the Rocky Mountains with wagons. Government help encouraged movement to Oregon. They provided $30,000 for an expedition to map the Oregon Trial to help migrants. Gold Rush, 1849 – 100,000 people left the East to travel to California. Thousands travelled find gold. There were several consequences:
paper-2a-american-west-revision-guide.docx