Plenaries Aiming for Grade 8 LOs: Equations (5 minutes) Ask students to write word equations and balanced symbol equations for all the reactions met in the lesson. Explain the reaction between a metal Students then use their equations to explain why the reaction of a oxide or metal hydroxide and an base and a dilute acid is a neutralisation reaction. acid, including an ionic equation. High-tier students should also write ionic equations. Generate the formulae of salts given the names of the metal or base and Explaining procedure (10 minutes) Ask students to review the the acid method to make a copper salt and explain the following: Explain how alkalis are a subgroup of Copper oxide was in excess (the black reactant left over in a • bases. suspension, as all the acid needed to be neutralised). The residue is discarded (this is the unreacted copper oxide and as • such is an impurity in the preparation). The filtrate is heated and volume reduced by half (to create a hot • saturated solution, which on cooling will crystallise out into larger, well-formed crystals of the hydrated salt). Lesson C5.6 Making more salts AQA spec link: Lesson 4.2.2 Acids are neutralised by alkalis (e.g., Aiming for Grade 4 LOs: Starters soluble metal hydroxides) to produce salts and Safely make a salt by reacting a metal Making water, and by metal carbonates to produce salts, carbonate with a dilute acid. a water, and carbon dioxide. Write a general word equation for metal metal carbonates and alkalis reacting with to The particular salt produced in any reaction dilute acids and use this to make between an acid and a base or alkali depends specific word equations. General on: Aiming for Grade 6 LOs: the acid used (hydrochloric acid produces • a) chlorides, nitric acid produces nitrates, sulfuric Describe how to make a dry sample of KOH + acid produces sulfates) a salt from reacting a carbonate or OH− + the positive ions in the alkali or carbonate. • an alkali with a dilute acid. (acid +
Plenaries Equations (5 minutes) Ask students to write word equations and balanced symbol equations for all the reactions met in the lesson. Students then use their equations to explain why the reaction of a base and a dilute acid is a neutralisation reaction. High-tier students should also write ionic equations. Explaining procedure (10 minutes) Ask students to review the method to make a copper salt and explain the following: • Copper oxide was in excess (the black reactant left over in a suspension, as all the acid needed to be neutralised). • The residue is discarded (this is the unreacted copper oxide and as such is an impurity in the preparation). • The filtrate is heated and volume reduced by half (to create a hot saturated solution, which on cooling will crystallise out into larger, well-formed crystals of the hydrated salt). Aiming for Grade 8 LOs: Explain the reaction between a metal oxide or metal hydroxide and an acid, including an ionic equation. Generate the formulae of salts given the names of the metal or base and the acid Explain how alkalis are a subgroup of bases. Lesson C5.6 Making more salts AQA spec link: 4.2.2 Acids are neutralised by alkalis (e.g., soluble metal hydroxides) to produce salts and water, and by metal carbonates to produce salts, water, and carbon dioxide. The particular salt produced in any reaction between an acid and a base or alkali depends on: • the acid used (hydrochloric acid produces chlorides, nitric acid produces nitrates, sulfuric acid produces sulfates) • the positive ions in the alkali or carbonate. Aiming for Grade 4 LOs: Safely make a salt by reacting a metal carbonate with a dilute acid. Write a general word equation for metal carbonates and alkalis reacting with dilute acids and use this to make specific word equations. Lesson Starters Making a metal to General a) KOH + OH− + (acid + Aiming for Grade 6 LOs: Describe how to make a dry sample of a salt from reacting a carbonate or an alkali with a dilute acid.
oxo_AQA16_C5uu_sw01_xxaann.docx