Appendix B: Types of upland swamps in the Sydney Basin—Dr Ann Young This table has been provided by peer reviewer Dr Ann Young to demonstrate the different terminology used to describe upland swamps in the Sydney Basin. Swamp types have been grouped into four main categories, however within each category there are a range of different terms and descriptions that have been used in the literature. Young's preferred typology and nomenclature is shown in bold. Table B1 Different terminology used to describe upland swamps in the Sydney Basin. Swamp type Description Source Hanging swamp Occur mainly in the Blue Mountains DSEWPaC (2012) area, where the sandstones of the plateau alternate with extensive claystones and dissection by streams exposes both lithologies on the valley sides. They are fed by seepage through the sandstone (via the joints and bedding planes that break that sandstone into large blocks), which then emerges on the cliff face of the valley side when it reaches much less permeable underlying claystone. Hanging swamps occur on quite steep, sometimes near-vertical slopes. They have only shallow or minimal sediment and are essentially a thick mat of shrub and fern vegetation. Headwater The following definition is consistent Young 1986a (uses 'valleyside for all three references listed in the swamp') - definition 1 right hand column, however three different swamp names as used: NSW Bulli Seam PAC 2010 (Also referred to as Occur on all plateaus in the Basin. (uses swamp’) ‘headwater valleyside swamps, They are found very close to the divide ‘headwater-drainage watersheds between the shallow swamps’, and slope ‘low Tomkins & Humphrey 2006 headwater valleys on the plateau headwater valley swamps’) (uses ‘headwater-drainage surfaces. Occasionally they overlap divide swamp’) these ridges in areas of very low relief. They form when sandy sediment eroded from the plateau DSEWPaC (2012) (uses ‘low accumulates on the very gently slope headwater valley swamp’) sloping surface and on benches. They often have outcrops of sandstone within their boundaries, sometimes marked by groves of small eucalypts. Elsewhere the soils are shallow (less than 1 m deep), dark grey from accumulated organic matter and resting on coherent
Appendix B: Types of upland swamps in the Sydney Basin—Dr Ann Young This table has been provided by peer reviewer Dr Ann Young to demonstrate the different terminology used to describe upland swamps in the Sydney Basin. Swamp types have been grouped into four main categories, however within each category there are a range of different terms and descriptions that have been used in the literature. Young's preferred typology and nomenclature is shown in bold. Table B1 Different terminology used to describe upland swamps in the Sydney Basin. Swamp type Description Source Hanging swamp Occur mainly in the Blue Mountains area, where the sandstones of the plateau alternate with extensive claystones and dissection by streams exposes both lithologies on the valley sides. They are fed by seepage through the sandstone (via the joints and bedding planes that break that sandstone into large blocks), which then emerges on the cliff face of the valley side when it reaches much less permeable underlying claystone. Hanging swamps occur on quite steep, sometimes near-vertical slopes. They have only shallow or minimal sediment and are essentially a thick mat of shrub and fern vegetation. DSEWPaC (2012) Headwater - definition 1 (Also referred to as valleyside swamps, ‘headwater-drainage divide swamps’, and ‘low slope headwater valley swamps’) The following definition is consistent for all three references listed in the right hand column, however three different swamp names as used: Occur on all plateaus in the Basin. They are found very close to the watersheds between the shallow headwater valleys on the plateau surfaces. Occasionally they overlap these ridges in areas of very low relief. They form when sandy sediment eroded from the plateau accumulates on the very gently sloping surface and on benches. They often have outcrops of sandstone within their boundaries, sometimes marked by groves of small eucalypts. Elsewhere the soils are shallow (less than 1 m deep), dark grey from accumulated organic matter and resting on coherent Young 1986a (uses 'valleyside swamp') NSW Bulli Seam PAC 2010 (uses ‘headwater swamp’) Tomkins & Humphrey 2006 (uses ‘headwater-drainage divide swamp’) DSEWPaC (2012) (uses ‘low slope headwater valley swamp’)
peat-swamp-ecological-characteristics.docx