Table 78 Diagnostic accuracy of in-house NAAT compared with AFB microscopy and culture in stools Study Evidence Reference Population Tests Inconclusive results level and risk standard Country Samples of bias results results results results El Khechine et AFB (ZN) 9 0 4 121 Level III-2 L-J for stools N=134 stool samples None reported al. () IS6110 qPCR 13 11 0 110 Low risk of AFB + NAAT 13 11 0 110 France bias AFB = acid-fast bacilli; L-J = Lowenstein-Jensen; NAAT = nucleic acid amplification test; qPCR = quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction; ZN = Ziehl-Neelsen Table 79 Diagnostic accuracy of in-house NAAT compared with AFB microscopy and culture in cerebrospinal fluid Study Evidence Reference Population Tests Inconclusive results level and risk standard Country Samples of bias results results results results Bhigjee et al. () Level III-2 7H11 N=126 CSF specimens AFB –ve: IS6110-MPB64 None reported medium from 68 patients PCR 18 9 2 97 South Africa Low risk of culture and qPCR 18 16 2 90 bias MGIT culture Deshmukh et MGIT AFB (ZN) 2 0 12 46 Level III-2 N=60 CSF specimens None reported al. 2013 and/or L-J IS6110 PCR 10 19 4 27 Low risk of culture AFB + NAAT 10 19 4 27 India bias Desai et al. () Level III-2 L-J culture N=30 CSF specimens AFB (ZN) 1 0 19 22 None reported India Low risk of IS6110 PCR 8 12 0 10 bias Makeshkumar, Level III-2 L-J culture N=25 CSF specimens AFB –ve: IS6110 PCR 0 9 0 16 None reported Madhavan & Low risk of Narayanan () bias India Ani et al. () Level III-2 L-J slope N=5 CSF specimens AFB –ve IS6110 PCR 0 0 0 5 None reported culture from children Nigeria Low risk of bias
Table 78 Diagnostic accuracy of in-house NAAT compared with AFB microscopy and culture in stools Study Country Evidence level and risk of bias Reference standard Population Samples Tests results results results results Inconclusive results El Khechine et al. () France Level III-2 Low risk of bias L-J for stools N=134 stool samples AFB (ZN) IS6110 qPCR AFB + NAAT 9 13 13 0 11 11 4 0 0 121 110 110 None reported AFB = acid-fast bacilli; L-J = Lowenstein-Jensen; NAAT = nucleic acid amplification test; qPCR = quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction; ZN = Ziehl-Neelsen Table 79 Diagnostic accuracy of in-house NAAT compared with AFB microscopy and culture in cerebrospinal fluid Study Country Evidence level and risk of bias Reference standard Population Samples Tests results results results results Inconclusive results Bhigjee et al. () South Africa Level III-2 Low risk of bias 7H11 medium culture and MGIT culture N=126 CSF specimens from 68 patients AFB –ve: IS6110-MPB64 PCR qPCR 18 18 9 16 2 2 97 90 None reported Deshmukh et al. 2013 India Level III-2 Low risk of bias MGIT and/or L-J culture N=60 CSF specimens AFB (ZN) IS6110 PCR AFB + NAAT 2 10 10 0 19 19 12 4 4 46 27 27 None reported Desai et al. () India Level III-2 Low risk of bias L-J culture N=30 CSF specimens AFB (ZN) IS6110 PCR 1 8 0 12 19 0 22 10 None reported Makeshkumar, Madhavan & Narayanan () India Level III-2 Low risk of bias L-J culture N=25 CSF specimens AFB –ve: IS6110 PCR 0 9 0 16 None reported Ani et al. () Nigeria Level III-2 Low risk of bias L-J slope culture N=5 CSF specimens from children AFB –ve IS6110 PCR 0 0 0 5 None reported
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