Central motor neuron 80% Friedreich’s ataxia involvement Syringomyelia 25-85% [79] Other (encephalopathy, Rett’s syndrome) Peripheral neurological Acute anterior poliomyelitis 17-65% [80] causes Peripheral motor Spinal muscular atrophy 67% neuron involvement Hereditary motor and sensory 26% [81] neuropathy Hereditary sensory and vegetative 86% [82] neuropathy (familial dysautonomia) Mixed central and Traumatic paralysis (before 10 100% peripheral neurological years of age) causes Myelodysplasia 60% Myelomeningocele 52-89% [83] Neuromuscular junction Myasthenia Unknown Muscular causes Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 90% Arthrogryposis 30-67% [80] Other muscular dystrophies Table 2. Preoperative clinical and radiological investigations for patients undergoing surgical correction of neuromuscular scoliosis Role of Investigation for Neuromuscular Scoliosis Investigation
Central motor neuron involvement Friedreich’s ataxia Syringomyelia Other (encephalopathy, Rett’s syndrome) 80% 25-85% [79] Peripheral neurological causes Acute anterior poliomyelitis 17-65% [80] Peripheral motor neuron involvement Spinal muscular atrophy Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy Hereditary sensory and vegetative neuropathy (familial dysautonomia) 67% 26% [81] 86% [82] Mixed central and peripheral neurological causes Traumatic paralysis (before 10 years of age) Myelodysplasia Myelomeningocele 100% 60% 52-89% [83] Neuromuscular junction Myasthenia Unknown Muscular causes Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Arthrogryposis Other muscular dystrophies 90% 30-67% [80] Table 2. Preoperative clinical and radiological investigations for patients undergoing surgical correction of neuromuscular scoliosis Role of Investigation Investigation for Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Factors_Influencing_the_Evaluation_and_Management_of_Neuromuscular_Scoliosis.docx