66.4 0.19 107 AB 140 oC 106.8 0.48 172 AB 150 oC 85.8 0.40 171 AB 160 oC 92.8 0.38 162 AB 170 oC 94.3 0.31 121 AB 180 oC 96.3 0.26 101 AB 190 oC 98.4 0.13 44 AB 200 oC Table 3. Textural properties of mesoporous cellulose from orange peel with different extraction temperatures. According to the porosity data the textural property of the sample indicates that the samples are mesoporous, with negligible microporosity ( which possibly reflects the relatively low degassing temperatures to be used i.e. oC ) and possess a high surface area (AB 150 oC, 172.4 m2 g-1). Thus the materials have potential use as adsorbents. The porosity comes from the structured cellulose present in orange peel and is increased by the removal of the other structural non-porous components due to the hydrothermal treatment. Also, it is possible that the microwave irradiation opens up the linear cellulose structure giving rise to porous solid. But also the porosity decreased significantly, from 100.5 m2 g-1 to 44.3 m2 g-1, as the temperature was raised from 180 oC to 200 oC, respectively. This is probably due to the fact that the acidic conditions of orange peel and microwave irradiation leads to the thermal decomposition and depolymerisation of cellulose to give acetic acid, formic acid or even hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The pore volume also significantly drops due to treatment at 180 oC to 200 oC.
AB 140 oC 107 0.19 66.4 AB 150 oC 172 0.48 106.8 AB 160 oC 171 0.40 85.8 AB 170 oC 162 0.38 92.8 AB 180 oC 121 0.31 94.3 AB 190 oC 101 0.26 96.3 AB 200 oC 44 0.13 98.4 Table 3. Textural properties of mesoporous cellulose from orange peel with different extraction temperatures. According to the porosity data the textural property of the sample indicates that the samples are mesoporous, with negligible microporosity ( which possibly reflects the relatively low degassing temperatures to be used i.e. oC ) and possess a high surface area (AB 150 oC, 172.4 m2 g-1). Thus the materials have potential use as adsorbents. The porosity comes from the structured cellulose present in orange peel and is increased by the removal of the other structural non-porous components due to the hydrothermal treatment. Also, it is possible that the microwave irradiation opens up the linear cellulose structure giving rise to porous solid. But also the porosity decreased significantly, from 100.5 m2 g-1 to 44.3 m2 g-1, as the temperature was raised from 180 oC to 200 oC, respectively. This is probably due to the fact that the acidic conditions of orange peel and microwave irradiation leads to the thermal decomposition and depolymerisation of cellulose to give acetic acid, formic acid or even hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The pore volume also significantly drops due to treatment at 180 oC to 200 oC.
Final%20Mres%20thesis%2010-06-2014.docx