Table 1 Continued Author Study Year Cohort Design Measure Barnato et March to 2,515 survey EOL Expenditure Index al., 2007a October 2005 responders (Medicare spending in Survey and survey last six months of life) 2000-2003 CMS Ecological Dartmouth Atlas study Barnato et 1989-1999 Medicare Retrospective Receipt of ICU admission al., 2007b decedents case series of and intensive procedure (n=976,220) and survivors and over 12 months survivors (n=845,306) decedents aged 65 or more years old with at least one hospital admission Barnato et 2004 Survey 139 administrative and Survey of staff Survey-derived al., 2007c 2000 and 2004 clinical staff from 11 perceptions of hospital's EOL Intensity Pennsylvania hospitals Ecologic study norms of EOL decision Rates for correlation making and treatment of measures Lin et al., April 124 hospitals in Survey of Hospital-level 2009 2005 Pennsylvania chief nursing ratios of ICU PHC4 and June completed the survey officers admission, ICU length of 2005-May 2006 Retrospective stay, and life-sustaining survey cohort of treatment use among patients with admissions with a high high probability of dying probability of dying Survey information about hospital and ICU Ecologic study programs, policies, or for correlation practices of measures Smith et 1992 to 1999 40,960 Medicare Retrospective Percent enrolled in al., 2009 decedents with case series of hospice, hospitalized two advanced cancer those who died or more times in the last with advanced month of life, spent more cancer than 14 days hospitalized in the last month of life, admitted to the intensive care unit in the last month of life, or died in the hospital Table 1 Continued Author Study Year Cohort Design Measure Teno et 2000-2007 2,797 hospitals with at Ecologic study Rate of feeding tube
Table 1 Continued Author Study Year Cohort Design Measure Barnato et al., 2007a March to October 2005 Survey and 2000-2003 CMS Dartmouth Atlas 2,515 survey responders survey Ecological study EOL Expenditure Index (Medicare spending in last six months of life) Barnato et al., 2007b 1989-1999 Medicare decedents (n=976,220) and survivors (n=845,306) aged 65 or more years old with at least one hospital admission Retrospective case series of survivors and decedents Receipt of ICU admission and intensive procedure over 12 months Barnato et al., 2007c 2004 Survey 2000 and 2004 EOL Intensity Rates 139 administrative and clinical staff from 11 Pennsylvania hospitals Survey of staff Ecologic study for correlation of measures Survey-derived perceptions of hospital's norms of EOL decision making and treatment Lin et al., 2009 April 2005 PHC4 and June 2005-May 2006 survey 124 hospitals in Pennsylvania completed the survey Survey of chief nursing officers Retrospective cohort of patients with high probability of dying Ecologic study for correlation of measures Hospital-level ratios of ICU admission, ICU length of stay, and life-sustaining treatment use among admissions with a high probability of dying Survey information about hospital and ICU programs, policies, or practices Smith et al., 2009 1992 to 1999 40,960 Medicare decedents with advanced cancer Retrospective case series of those who died with advanced cancer Percent enrolled in hospice, hospitalized two or more times in the last month of life, spent more than 14 days hospitalized in the last month of life, admitted to the intensive care unit in the last month of life, or died in the hospital Table 1 Continued Author Study Year Cohort Design Measure Teno et 2000-2007 2,797 hospitals with at Ecologic study Rate of feeding tube
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