Different management strategies can be used to protect the coastlines from the effects of physical processes: are 3 types of management used to defend the coast: – Hard engineering artificial structure e.g., sea wall Soft engineering – more environmentally friendly method e.g. beach nourishment Managed retreat – allowing the sea to flood over low-lying land HARD ENGINEERING WHAT IS IT AND SEA WALL It is a concrete or rock The sea walls can last for years barrier against the sea. which is good economically It is placed at the foot Often has a promenade for people to of cliffs or the top of a walk along beach. It has a curved They do not stop longshore drift so face to reflect the they don’t disadvantage other waves back into the sea. beaches £10,000 per metre Can look ugly and they can stop people getting to the beach. Very expensive to build and repairs are expensive. GROYNES They are timber or rock Creates a wider beach, which can be structures built out to popular with tourists. sea from the coast. Provide useful structures for people They trap sediment interested in fishing. being moved by Last for 40 years longshore drift and £150,000 enlarge the beach. The It stops longshore drift which can wider beach acts as a reduce sand on beaches They buffer to reduce wave are unnatural and unattractive damage. ROCK ARMOUR of large boulders They are cheap and easy to maintain dumped at the foot of a They can be built in months rather cliff. The rocks force than years. waves to break which Can be used for fishing absorbs the energy and Rocks are usually used from other protects the cliffs. The parts of the coastline or abroad e.g. rocks are brought by Norway. Other countries can get barge to the coast. annoyed about this. They can be a hazard for people getting to the beach. Do not fit in with the local geology (rocks)
Different management strategies can be used to protect the coastlines from the effects of physical processes: are 3 types of management used to defend the coast: Hard engineering – artificial structure e.g., sea wall Soft engineering – more environmentally friendly method e.g. beach nourishment Managed retreat – allowing the sea to flood over low-lying land HARD ENGINEERING WHAT IS IT AND SEA WALL It is a concrete or rock barrier against the sea. It is placed at the foot of cliffs or the top of a beach. It has a curved face to reflect the waves back into the sea. The sea walls can last for years which is good economically Often has a promenade for people to walk along They do not stop longshore drift so they don’t disadvantage other beaches £10,000 per metre Can look ugly and they can stop people getting to the beach. Very expensive to build and repairs are expensive. GROYNES They are timber or rock structures built out to sea from the coast. They trap sediment being moved by longshore drift and enlarge the beach. The wider beach acts as a buffer to reduce wave damage. Creates a wider beach, which can be popular with tourists. Provide useful structures for people interested in fishing. Last for 40 years £150,000 It stops longshore drift which can reduce sand on beaches They are unnatural and unattractive ROCK ARMOUR of large boulders dumped at the foot of a cliff. The rocks force waves to break which absorbs the energy and protects the cliffs. The rocks are brought by barge to the coast. They are cheap and easy to maintain They can be built in months rather than years. Can be used for fishing Rocks are usually used from other parts of the coastline or abroad e.g. Norway. Other countries can get annoyed about this. They can be a hazard for people getting to the beach. Do not fit in with the local geology (rocks)
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