Depends on geographic coverage of Sea-birds Can be used during LOW LOW/ birds breeding surveys for other 10.2.1 Biota LOW L MEDIUM (Plastic as colonies; studies on In development MEDIUM MEDIUM nest material Focus on marine & sources (e.g. entanglement) ropes/nets) Low occurrence rates in birds. Numbers of beached Pathologic cetaceans often investigations of Entanglement LOW/ high. dead mammals need 10.2.1 LOW LOW MEDIUM L/M MEDIUM Pathologists may to include MEDIUM be able to assessment for In development distinct if animal cause of death died in active or lost/discarded fishing gear rates of ingested litter are low but MEDIUM number of Can be applied as Marine LOW MEDIUM/ pathologic part of necropsies (depends on 10.2.1 Biota Mammal MEDIUM M MEDIUM investigated procedures of In development HIGH occurrence of (ingestion) animals is also marine mammals species) low needs – further development Potentially coupled Insufficient data Marine with Monitoring of LOW MEDIUM/ MEDIUM/ LOW/ to support 10.2.1 Biota invertebrates H HIGH Contaminants (D8) if recommendation In development HIGH HIGH MEDIUM (ingestion) filtering/detritivores as an indicator organisms are used?
10.2.1 Biota Sea-birds (Plastic as nest material & entanglement) LOW In development LOW MEDIUM L LOW/ MEDIUM MEDIUM Depends on geographic coverage of birds breeding colonies; Focus on marine sources (e.g. ropes/nets) Can be used during surveys for other studies on 10.2.1 Entanglement LOW In development LOW MEDIUM L/M LOW/ MEDIUM MEDIUM Low occurrence rates in Numbers of beached cetaceans often high. Pathologists may be able to distinct if animal died in active or lost/discarded fishing gear Pathologic investigations of dead mammals need to include assessment for cause of death 10.2.1 Biota Marine Mammal (ingestion) LOW In development MEDIUM MEDIUM/ HIGH M MEDIUM MEDIUM (depends on occurrence of species) rates of ingested litter are low but number of pathologic investigated animals is also low – needs further development Can be applied as part of necropsies procedures of marine mammals 10.2.1 Biota Marine invertebrates (ingestion) LOW In development MEDIUM/ HIGH MEDIUM/ HIGH H LOW/ MEDIUM HIGH Insufficient data to support recommendation as an indicator Potentially coupled with Monitoring of Contaminants (D8) if filtering/detritivores organisms are used? birds.
MSFD%20Guidance%20on%20Monitoring%20Marine%20Litter_2013.docx