The EEC Six were the founding members of the European Economic Community (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany). As France had the most colonial assets, the inclusion of former Year Trade system Partners Features 1957/58 Rome Treaty Members of the EEC Six Essentially an extension of and collective French colonial monopoly to colonies. (a) EEC colonies (b) 1963-1975 Yaoundé EEC and ex-colonies A reciprocal trade system that Convention extended aspects of the French Protocol and the late colonial system (price support, for example) and denied policy space. 1975-2007 Lomé Convention The EC and ex-colonies, Non-reciprocal preferential including hitherto system with a price-stability excluded countries scheme and a commodity protocol 2007- Cotonou EU and the Economic Free-trade system under which 75 Community of West percent of ECOWAS imports Agreement (Economic African States from the EU are to be liberalized Partnership (ECOWAS) (c) over 20 years Agreement, EPA) colonies into the EEC as part of the European integration project under the Rome Treaty primarily entailed the inclusion of French colonies. The EEC’s trade system with former colonies is fundamentally an extension of French trade monopoly to other EEC countries (see Marcussen and Torp, 1982, Chapter 3; Zartman, Politics of Trade Negotiations between Africa and the European Economic Community, Chapters 1 and 2). Indeed, this was the submission of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) working group commissioned to investigate the trade system installed under the Rome Treaty (Barnes, 1967). ECOWAS is the regional body of West African countries. Whereas the previous trade systems were negotiated by the ex-colonies as a group, EPAs are negotiated regionally rather than by all of the former colonies, which include members from other regions. (Note: European Economic Community [EEC], European Community [EC] and European [EU] are used interchangeably in this thesis according to timeline).
Year Trade system Partners Features 1957/58 Rome Treaty Members of the EEC Six and collective colonies. (a) Essentially an extension of French colonial monopoly to EEC colonies (b) 1963-1975 Yaoundé Convention EEC and ex-colonies A reciprocal trade system that extended aspects of the French Protocol and the late colonial system (price support, for example) and denied policy space. 1975-2007 Lomé Convention The EC and ex-colonies, including hitherto excluded countries Non-reciprocal preferential system with a price-stability scheme and a commodity protocol 2007- Cotonou Agreement (Economic Partnership Agreement, EPA) EU and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (c) Free-trade system under which 75 percent of ECOWAS imports from the EU are to be liberalized over 20 years The EEC Six were the founding members of the European Economic Community (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany). As France had the most colonial assets, the inclusion of former colonies into the EEC as part of the European integration project under the Rome Treaty primarily entailed the inclusion of French colonies. The EEC’s trade system with former colonies is fundamentally an extension of French trade monopoly to other EEC countries (see Marcussen and Torp, 1982, Chapter 3; Zartman, Politics of Trade Negotiations between Africa and the European Economic Community, Chapters 1 and 2). Indeed, this was the submission of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) working group commissioned to investigate the trade system installed under the Rome Treaty (Barnes, 1967). ECOWAS is the regional body of West African countries. Whereas the previous trade systems were negotiated by the ex-colonies as a group, EPAs are negotiated regionally rather than by all of the former colonies, which include members from other regions. (Note: European Economic Community [EEC], European Community [EC] and European [EU] are used interchangeably in this thesis according to timeline).
Michael%27s%20Revised%20Thesis%20April%202017.docx