Components of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and Their Functions Present Present Function Cell Present in in in Plant Component Prokaryotes? Animal Cells? Cells? Provides structure to cell; Cytoplasm Yes Yes Yes site of many metabolic reactions; medium in which organelles are found Nucleoid Location of DNA Yes No No Cell organelle that houses Nucleus DNA and directs synthesis No Yes Yes of ribosomes and proteins Ribosomes Protein synthesis Yes Yes Yes ATP Mitochondria No Yes Yes production/cellular respiration Oxidizes and breaks down Peroxisomes fatty acids and amino acids, No Yes Yes and detoxifies poisons Storage and transport; Vesicles digestive function in plant No Yes Yes and cells vacuoles organizing center of Centrosome No Yes (with Yes(without microtubules in centrioles) centrioles) In animal these contain centrioles which play an unspecified role in cell division Digestion of Lysosomes macromolecules; recycling No Yes No of worn-out organelles Yes, primarily Protection, structural Yes, Cell wall No peptidoglycan in support and maintenance primarily bacteria but not of cell shape cellulose Archaea Chloroplasts Photosynthesis No No Yes Endoplasmic Modifies proteins and No Yes Yes reticulum synthesizes lipids Modifies, sorts, tags, Golgi apparatus packages, and distributes No Yes Yes lipids and proteins Maintains cell’s shape, Cytoskeleton Yes (but not made Yes (made Yes (made secures organelles in up of the same of of specific positions, allows protein filaments cytoplasm and vesicles to like eukaryotes) move within the cell, and microtubules microtubules enables unicellular and and organisms to move intermediate intermediate independently filaments) filaments) Table 3.1
Components of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and Their Functions Cell Component Function Present in Prokaryotes? Present in Animal Cells? Present in Plant Cells? Cytoplasm Provides structure to cell; site of many metabolic reactions; medium in which organelles are found Yes Yes Yes Nucleoid Location of DNA Yes No No Nucleus Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins No Yes Yes Ribosomes Protein synthesis Yes Yes Yes Mitochondria ATP production/cellular respiration No Yes Yes Peroxisomes Oxidizes and breaks down fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxifies poisons No Yes Yes Vesicles and vacuoles Storage and transport; digestive function in plant cells No Yes Yes Centrosome organizing center of microtubules in In animal these contain centrioles which play an unspecified role in cell division No Yes (with centrioles) Yes(without centrioles) Lysosomes Digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn-out organelles No Yes No Cell wall Protection, structural support and maintenance of cell shape Yes, primarily peptidoglycan in bacteria but not Archaea No Yes, primarily cellulose Chloroplasts Photosynthesis No No Yes Endoplasmic reticulum Modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids No Yes Yes Golgi apparatus Modifies, sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids and proteins No Yes Yes Cytoskeleton Maintains cell’s shape, secures organelles in specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move independently Yes (but not made up of the same protein filaments like eukaryotes) Yes (made of microtubules and intermediate filaments) Yes (made of microtubules and intermediate filaments) Table 3.1
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