Cardiac cycle definition, End diastolic 3 – time duration, phases, volume volume, end Arrythmias – and pressure changes in atria, systolic types ventricles, aorta, pulmonary volume, Fibrillation artery and jugular vein. and ejection and flutter fraction. Current of injury Effects of changes in electrolyte on Heart sounds-types Normal . Abnormal character, heart sounds causes -Cardiac Murmur 4. ECG definition, recording, Clinical uses of Calculate – leads, waves, segments, ECG rate from a intervals and significance and normal ECG vector analysis tracing 5. cardiac output definition, Heart Cardiac – values determination of COP, types factors influencing, variations, Fick’s principle 6.Arterial blood pressure-def, Measurement venous and variations, factors, of blood capillary pressure pressure the (neural and hormonal) and long term Hypertension Role of renin (renal) mechanisms hypotension Korotkoff’s regulating blood pressure sounds 8. Heart rate - Regulation Tachycardia Reflexes(Marey’s, Bain-Bridge bradycardia reflex) Abnormal pulse
types Cardiac cycle – definition, time duration, phases, volume and pressure changes in atria, ventricles, aorta, pulmonary artery and jugular vein. and End diastolic volume, end systolic volume, ejection fraction. 3 Arrythmias – types Fibrillation and flutter Current of injury Effects of changes in electrolyte on Heart sounds-types Normal character, causes . Abnormal heart sounds -Cardiac Murmur 4. ECG – definition, recording, leads, waves, segments, intervals and significance and vector analysis Clinical uses of ECG Calculate rate from a normal ECG tracing 5. cardiac output – definition, values determination of COP, factors influencing, variations, Fick’s principle Heart Cardiac 6.Arterial blood pressure-def, variations, factors, the (neural and hormonal) and long term (renal) mechanisms regulating blood pressure Measurement of blood pressure Hypertension hypotension venous and capillary pressure Role of renin Korotkoff’s sounds 8. Heart rate - Regulation Reflexes(Marey’s, Bain-Bridge reflex) Tachycardia bradycardia Abnormal pulse
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