the table, the migration rates of elemental constituents have been converted to standardised units of mg/kg foodstuff in order to facilitate comparison. Table 4.3.1: Summary of migration experiments conducted with nanosilver containing food packaging material Study Packaging material Food or Migration a Were NPs Simulant (mg/kg food) detected? Type Production Commercially method sourced? Cushen et PVC films Casting No Food 0.06 2.76 Not – al. 2013 (raw chicken investigated breast) Cushen et PE Mixing & No Food 0.018 0.03 Not – al. 2014a composite extrusion b (raw chicken investigated breast) Nanosilver/ - Yes Food 0.002 Not Metak and – Ajaal 2013 nano-TiO2 0.0057 investigated (various) polymer composite Chaudhry PP - Yes Simulant None No et al. 2008 container (3% acetic (Ag, Sn, Ba) acid) <0.002 Food (Ag) (apple sauce, pizza, lasagne) Jokar and LDPE Melt No Simulant Melt-blended: Not Rahman blended (distilled 0.4 1 investigated – 2014 water, 3% or acetic acid, Coated: 10% ethanol) 0.6 1.4 – deposition Food (i.e. coating) (apple juice) Nobile et PE films Coating No Simulant 1 1.9 Not – al. 2004 investigated (distilled (distilled water) water) 0.26 0.38 – Food (malt broth (malt broth extract) extract, apple juice) 0.2 0.25 – (apple juice)
the table, the migration rates of elemental constituents have been converted to standardised units of mg/kg foodstuff in order to facilitate comparison. Table 4.3.1: Summary of migration experiments conducted with nanosilver containing food packaging material Study Packaging material Food or Simulant Migration a (mg/kg food) Were NPs detected? Type Production method Commercially sourced? Cushen et al. 2013 PVC films Casting No Food (raw chicken breast) 0.06 – 2.76 Not investigated Cushen et al. 2014a PE composite Mixing & extrusion b No Food (raw chicken breast) 0.018 – 0.03 Not investigated Metak and Ajaal 2013 Nanosilver/ nano-TiO2 polymer composite - Yes Food (various) 0.002 – 0.0057 Not investigated Chaudhry et al. 2008 PP container - Yes Simulant (3% acetic acid) Food (apple sauce, pizza, lasagne) None (Ag, Sn, Ba) <0.002 (Ag) No Jokar and Rahman 2014 LDPE Melt blended or deposition (i.e. coating) No Simulant (distilled water, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol) Food (apple juice) Melt-blended: 0.4 – 1 Coated: 0.6 – 1.4 Not investigated Nobile et al. 2004 PE films Coating No Simulant (distilled water) Food (malt broth extract, apple juice) 1 – 1.9 (distilled water) 0.26 – 0.38 (malt broth extract) 0.2 – 0.25 (apple juice) Not investigated
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