Identify the main sources of Bias exists, so take actions to minimize it. measurement error, Sampling Bias choosing individual or types of people that – including the various forms influence the results of bias. Insufficient Sample size (see figure 3-1) if not large enough – sample, then skews effectiveness of results. Observation Bias obtrusion; awareness of being watched; – and subjective bias of people doing observation Bias in Interviews and Focus Groups need good sampling, – participants need to feel willing and safe to answer, interviewer subjectivity or leading questions can cause bias Central Tendency Bias tendency to avoid extremes and – choose most neutral on Likert scale Facilitator Bias if facilitator has bias towards test subjects, – doesn’t believe in value of treatment or data Emotional Bias participants allow feelings for instructor – influence judgment on training materials. Restriction of or Range Error predisposed attitude – causing rater to stay within same general area on scale Describe the basic rights of Anonymity of raters human subjects Neutral person collects feedback (participants). Explain purpose of evaluation Name and describe three Lewin’s Forcefield analysis (driving forces vs. resisting forces) tools for identifying Cause-and-Effect Analysis (Fishbone/Ishikawa) problems within an Hypothesis Testing (test a null hypothesis) organization. Outline the steps in research Determine the purpose design development. Determine stakeholders Determine the level Identify program objectives Plan data collection Plan data analysis Plan communication Develop a project pl;lpan List and discuss the Simulations creates a safe, real-world-like tools/situations – advantages and Surveys questionnaire see table 3-1 for advantages – disadvantages of various /disadvantages of electronic surveys data collection methods. Examinations, Assessments, and Tests (see table 3-2) Self-Evaluations (disadvantage—people are not always about self) Archival or Existing Data (see table 3-3)
Identify the main sources of measurement error, including the various forms of bias. Bias exists, so take actions to minimize it. Sampling Bias – choosing individual or types of people that influence the results Insufficient Sample size (see figure 3-1) – if not large enough sample, then skews effectiveness of results. Observation Bias – obtrusion; awareness of being watched; and subjective bias of people doing observation Bias in Interviews and Focus Groups – need good sampling, participants need to feel willing and safe to answer, interviewer subjectivity or leading questions can cause bias Central Tendency Bias – tendency to avoid extremes and choose most neutral on Likert scale Facilitator Bias – if facilitator has bias towards test subjects, doesn’t believe in value of treatment or data Emotional Bias – participants allow feelings for instructor influence judgment on training materials. Restriction of or Range Error – predisposed attitude causing rater to stay within same general area on scale Describe the basic rights of human subjects (participants). Anonymity of raters Neutral person collects feedback Explain purpose of evaluation Name and describe three tools for identifying problems within an organization. Lewin’s Forcefield analysis (driving forces vs. resisting forces) Cause-and-Effect Analysis (Fishbone/Ishikawa) Hypothesis Testing (test a null hypothesis) Outline the steps in research design development. Determine the purpose Determine stakeholders Determine the level Identify program objectives Plan data collection Plan data analysis Plan communication Develop a project pl;lpan List and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various data collection methods. Simulations – creates a safe, real-world-like tools/situations Surveys – questionnaire see table 3-1 for advantages /disadvantages of electronic surveys Examinations, Assessments, and Tests (see table 3-2) Self-Evaluations (disadvantage—people are not always about self) Archival or Existing Data (see table 3-3)
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