Most minerals are made of the same few atoms because they are the most abundant: see reference tables (most abundant elements in crust & lithosphere). Different combinations of these same atoms produce many different kinds of minerals. The minerals are the most abundant. They are formed silicate from silicon and oxygen (SiO2) with the atoms arranged into a 4-sided structure called a Quartz is a common tetrahedron. silicate mineral. The silicon atom is at the center and it is surrounded by four oxygen atoms. ROCK REVIEW SEDIMENTARY ROCKS: fragmental particles cemented together. CLASTIC: They are classified according to particle size. Only rock containing FOSSILS. NONCLASTIC (evaporites): Crystals from chemical (dolostone, rock precipitates gypsum). Fossil limestone & Bituminous coal. KEY TERMS: > Burial - compaction - cementation (of sediments) > from evaporating seawater. Precipitation > Form a thin over the surface of the Earth. VENEER > Sediments deposited in LAYERS. > May contain FOSSILS, RIPPLE and MUD CRACKS IGNEOUS ROCKS: INTRUSIVE (Plutonic) Slow cooling within the Earth = large crystal grains*
Most minerals are made of the same few atoms because they are the most abundant: see reference tables (most abundant elements in crust & lithosphere). Different combinations of these same atoms produce many different kinds of minerals. The silicate minerals are the most abundant. They are formed from silicon and oxygen (SiO2) with the atoms arranged into a 4-sided structure called a tetrahedron. Quartz is a common silicate mineral. The silicon atom is at the center and it is surrounded by four oxygen atoms. ROCK REVIEW SEDIMENTARY ROCKS: CLASTIC: fragmental particles cemented together. They are classified according to particle size. Only rock containing FOSSILS. NONCLASTIC (evaporites): Crystals from chemical precipitates (dolostone, rock gypsum). Fossil limestone & Bituminous coal. KEY TERMS: > Burial - compaction - cementation (of sediments) > Precipitation from evaporating seawater. > Form a thin VENEER over the surface of the Earth. > Sediments deposited in LAYERS. > May contain FOSSILS, RIPPLE and MUD CRACKS IGNEOUS ROCKS: INTRUSIVE (Plutonic) Slow cooling within the Earth = large crystal grains*
MIDTERM%20TEST%20NOTES%20REVIEW%20%281%29.docx