Risk Factors: Cystoscopy, Colposuspension, Childbirth, Chronic Urogram sling procedure coughing, age, Obesity, Smoking Urge Inflammatory Strong, sudden need Lifestyle changes, Incontinence disorders, bladder to urinate followed bladder training, stones, neuro by urine leakage, Anticholinergic disorders, bladder abdo discomfort, agents, Electrical cancer frequent urination stimulation reflex inhibition of detrusor, Cystoplasty augmentation Prolapse Congenital Local discomfort, Examination Pelvic floor exercises, connective tissues feeling of descent, HRT, vaginal disorders, prolonged ?d/c, ? backache, GU pessaries, surgical or difficult labour, sx, GI sx, repair postmenopausal atrophy, chronically raised intra-abdo pressure, hysterectomy, colposuspension Menopause Retrospective dx made after >12mths of ammenorhea 45 55 yrs – Climacteric endocrine changes: Hypothalamic-pituitary hyperactivity (↑FSH/LH) progesterone ↓ Unopposed oestrogen secretion Features Vasomotor symptoms Psychological Symptoms Hot flushes Depression Night sweats libido ↓ End-organ atrophy Irritability Vaginal dryness Poor memory Increased susceptibility to Long-term effects infection Osteoporosis Prolapse Cardiovascular disease Urinary sx Investigations Hormone profile Mammogram Oestrogen Pelvic USS FSH/LH Endometrial sampling Cervical smear Bone mineral density scan Management Lifestyle changes Psychological support Tx of co-morbid conditions HRT
Risk Factors: Childbirth, Chronic coughing, age, Obesity, Smoking Cystoscopy, Urogram Colposuspension, sling procedure Urge Incontinence Inflammatory disorders, bladder stones, neuro disorders, bladder cancer Strong, sudden need to urinate followed by urine leakage, abdo discomfort, frequent urination Lifestyle changes, bladder training, Anticholinergic agents, Electrical stimulation reflex inhibition of detrusor, Cystoplasty augmentation Prolapse Congenital connective tissues disorders, prolonged or difficult labour, postmenopausal atrophy, chronically raised intra-abdo pressure, hysterectomy, colposuspension Local discomfort, feeling of descent, ?d/c, ? backache, GU sx, GI sx, Examination Pelvic floor exercises, HRT, vaginal pessaries, surgical repair Menopause Retrospective dx made after >12mths of ammenorhea 45 – 55 yrs Climacteric endocrine changes: Hypothalamic-pituitary hyperactivity (↑FSH/LH) ↓ progesterone Unopposed oestrogen secretion Features Vasomotor symptoms Hot flushes Night sweats End-organ atrophy Vaginal dryness Increased susceptibility to infection Prolapse Urinary sx Psychological Symptoms Depression ↓ libido Irritability Poor memory Long-term effects Osteoporosis Cardiovascular disease Investigations Hormone profile Oestrogen FSH/LH Cervical smear Mammogram Pelvic USS Endometrial sampling Bone mineral density scan Management Lifestyle changes Tx of co-morbid conditions Psychological support HRT
OG-Revision-Notes.docx