diameter. For a thin-walled tube, the inner surface area (A1), outer surface area (A2), and log mean surface area (A1m), are all very close to being equal. Assuming that A1, A2, and A1m are equal to each other and also equal to Ao allows us to cancel out all the area terms in the denominator of Equation 2-11. This results in a much simpler expression that is similar to the one developed for a flat plate heat exchanger in Figure 6. The convection heat transfer process is strongly dependent upon the properties of the fluid being considered. Correspondingly, the convective heat transfer coefficient (h), the overall coefficient (Uo), and the other fluid properties may vary substantially for the fluid if it experiences a large temperature change during its path through the convective heat transfer device. This is especially true if the fluid’s properties are strongly temperature dependent. Under such circumstances, the temperature at which the properties are "looked-up" must be some type of average value, rather than using either the inlet or outlet temperature value. For internal flow, the bulk or average of temperature is obtained analytically through the use of conservation of energy. For external flow, an average film temperature is normally calculated, which is an average of the free stream temperature and the solid surface temperature. In any case, an average value of temperature is used to obtain the fluid properties to be used in the heat transfer problem. The following example shows the use of such principles by solving a convective heat transfer problem in which the bulk temperature is calculated. Convection Heat Transfer Example: A flat wall is exposed to the environment. The wall is covered with a layer of insulation 1 in. thick whose thermal conductivity is 0.8 Btu/hr-ft-°F. The temperature of the wall on the inside of the insulation is 600°F. The wall loses heat to the environment by convection on the surface of the insulation. The average value of the convection heat transfer coefficient on the insulation surface is 950 Btu/hr-ft2-°F. Compute the bulk temperature of the environment (Tb) if the outer surface of the insulation does not exceed 105°F. Slide 10 Summary
diameter. For a thin-walled tube, the inner surface area (A1), outer surface area (A2), and log mean surface area (A1m), are all very close to being equal. Assuming that A1, A2, and A1m are equal to each other and also equal to Ao allows us to cancel out all the area terms in the denominator of Equation 2-11. This results in a much simpler expression that is similar to the one developed for a flat plate heat exchanger in Figure 6. The convection heat transfer process is strongly dependent upon the properties of the fluid being considered. Correspondingly, the convective heat transfer coefficient (h), the overall coefficient (Uo), and the other fluid properties may vary substantially for the fluid if it experiences a large temperature change during its path through the convective heat transfer device. This is especially true if the fluid’s properties are strongly temperature dependent. Under such circumstances, the temperature at which the properties are "looked-up" must be some type of average value, rather than using either the inlet or outlet temperature value. For internal flow, the bulk or average of temperature is obtained analytically through the use of conservation of energy. For external flow, an average film temperature is normally calculated, which is an average of the free stream temperature and the solid surface temperature. In any case, an average value of temperature is used to obtain the fluid properties to be used in the heat transfer problem. The following example shows the use of such principles by solving a convective heat transfer problem in which the bulk temperature is calculated. Convection Heat Transfer Example: A flat wall is exposed to the environment. The wall is covered with a layer of insulation 1 in. thick whose thermal conductivity is 0.8 Btu/hr-ft-°F. The temperature of the wall on the inside of the insulation is 600°F. The wall loses heat to the environment by convection on the surface of the insulation. The average value of the convection heat transfer coefficient on the insulation surface is 950 Btu/hr-ft2-°F. Compute the bulk temperature of the environment (Tb) if the outer surface of the insulation does not exceed 105°F. Slide 10 Summary
NarrativeConvectionHeatTransfer.docx