. The set of biological proxies, management questions and informed conservation actions used within the text to track back human impacts on island ecosystems. Note that some biological proxies can be used to characterise different impacts. * Not discussed in the text. Impact Biological proxy Management questions Informed Conservation action plant microfossils, 1) Timing of species Invasive and plant macrofossils, introduction non-native ancient DNA 2) Resolving the species provenance species Eradication 3) Rate and pattern Restoration of spread Monitoring 4) Assessment of the impact on native ecosystems plant microfossils, 5) Determine natural charcoal vs. human micro), tree fire regimes ring fire-scars*, 6) Determine Fire charred plant ecosystem Fire suppression macrofossils* thresholds in Fire prevention response to fire Restoration 7) Assessing the interaction with other anthropogenic disturbances
. The set of biological proxies, management questions and informed conservation actions used within the text to track back human impacts on island ecosystems. Note that some biological proxies can be used to characterise different impacts. * Not discussed in the text. Impact Biological proxy Management questions Informed Conservation action Invasive and non-native species plant microfossils, plant macrofossils, ancient DNA 1) Timing of species introduction 2) Resolving the species provenance 3) Rate and pattern of spread 4) Assessment of the impact on native ecosystems Eradication Restoration Monitoring Fire plant microfossils, charcoal micro), tree ring fire-scars*, charred plant macrofossils* 5) Determine natural vs. human fire regimes 6) Determine ecosystem thresholds in response to fire 7) Assessing the interaction with other anthropogenic disturbances Fire suppression Fire prevention Restoration
nogue_etal_nature_ecoevo_17.docx