Table 2.2: Relationship between evidence-based attributes, conceptual-based attributes and the end-impacts Evidence-based Conceptual-based attributes Resulting outcomes attributes Social Study expenses Late completion Economic Family obligations of studies Academic Community activities Discontinuation Examination techniques from studies ODL study skills Poor Lack of face to face sessions performance Orientation Postponement of Availability of study materials studies Distance to and from regional Supplementary centres exams Study permit acquisition difficulties Instructional language barriers Possession of study materials Source: Adapted from models of (2001) and Salmon (2000) 2.5 Research Gap In Tanzania’s context, socio-economic and academic challenges facing OUT undergraduate learners using ODL from the TPF are inherent to the characteristics of this mode. ODL espouses values of flexibility and accessibility; it assumes learners to have sense of both autonomy and responsibility for learning. According to the literature review
Table 2.2: Relationship between evidence-based attributes, conceptual-based attributes and the end-impacts Evidence-based attributes Conceptual-based attributes Resulting outcomes Social Economic Academic Study expenses Family obligations Community activities Examination techniques ODL study skills Lack of face to face sessions Orientation Availability of study materials Distance to and from regional centres Study permit acquisition difficulties Instructional language barriers Possession of study materials Late completion of studies Discontinuation from studies Poor performance Postponement of studies Supplementary exams Source: Adapted from models of (2001) and Salmon (2000) 2.5 Research Gap In Tanzania’s context, socio-economic and academic challenges facing OUT undergraduate learners using ODL from the TPF are inherent to the characteristics of this mode. ODL espouses values of flexibility and accessibility; it assumes learners to have sense of both autonomy and responsibility for learning. According to the literature review
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