The Movement, 1865-1914 Labor Songs (Lowell) Factory Girl” Forever” “The “Solidarity Anonymous Written by Ralph Chaplin Jones (The Union Scab)” Union” “Casey “Talking Written by Joe Hill Written by Millard Lampell, Lee Hays & Pete Seeger Conflicts Between Labor & Management Labor Goals & Tactics Middlemen Mgmt. Goals & Tactics Mediators & Higher wages, shorter hours & better Yellow-dog contracts arbitrators working conditions Lockouts day” movement Blacklists “Eight-hour Presidents Organizing skilled workers vs. Pinkerton strike-breakers (Rutherford unskilled workers Race-baiting Hayes, Grover Organizing craft unions vs. trade Hiring scabs Cleveland, unions Open shops Theodore Eliminate competition for jobs: Sherman Anti-Trust Act injunctions Roosevelt) nativist laws, child labor laws, closed against unions shops U.S. Supreme Strikes & collective bargaining Court Closed shops Key Labor Organizations National Labor Union Knights of Labor (NLU) (K of L) 1866-1874 1869-1886 Founded by William Sylvis Founded by Terence V. Powderly First national labor union Continued eight-hour workday campaign Launched eight-hour workday campaign Organized skilled as well as unskilled workers, men and women, trade unions rather than craft Supported arbitration and political action over unions strikes Supported arbitration and political action, but of 1873 ended NLU later endorsed strikes Failed strikes and the Haymarket Riot led to its demise; it was replaced by the AFofL
The Movement, 1865-1914 Labor Songs “The (Lowell) Factory Girl” Anonymous “Solidarity Forever” Written by Ralph Chaplin “Casey Jones (The Union Scab)” Written by Joe Hill “Talking Union” Written by Millard Lampell, Lee Hays & Pete Seeger Conflicts Between Labor & Management Labor Goals & Tactics Middlemen Mgmt. Goals & Tactics Higher wages, shorter hours & better working conditions “Eight-hour day” movement Organizing skilled workers vs. unskilled workers Organizing craft unions vs. trade unions Eliminate competition for jobs: nativist laws, child labor laws, closed shops Strikes & collective bargaining Closed shops Mediators & arbitrators Presidents (Rutherford Hayes, Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt) U.S. Supreme Court Yellow-dog contracts Lockouts Blacklists Pinkerton strike-breakers Race-baiting Hiring scabs Open shops Sherman Anti-Trust Act injunctions against unions Key Labor Organizations National Labor Union (NLU) 1866-1874 Knights of Labor (K of L) 1869-1886 Founded by William Sylvis First national labor union Launched eight-hour workday campaign Supported arbitration and political action over strikes of 1873 ended NLU Founded by Terence V. Powderly Continued eight-hour workday campaign Organized skilled as well as unskilled workers, men and women, trade unions rather than craft unions Supported arbitration and political action, but later endorsed strikes Failed strikes and the Haymarket Riot led to its demise; it was replaced by the AFofL
notes_-_the_labor_movement_from_1865-1914.docx