4. Test results: ultimate capacities and failure modes Bolt Nominal Ultimate e1/d0 Specimen diameter thickness load, Observed failure mode (-) db (mm) t (mm) Pult (kN) B1 4.4 33.12 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation Bolt tilting – – B2 1.7 30.60 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation progressing into tear-out– Bolt tilting – 1.55 B3 4.4 21.25 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation Bolt tilting – – B4 2.5 32.58 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation Bolt tilting – – 12 B5 4.4 33.93 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation Bolt tilting – – B6 1.7 42.74 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation progressing into tear-out– Bolt tilting – 2.00 B7 4.4 42.37 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation Bolt tilting followed by shear failure in bolts – – B8 2.5 48.65 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation Bolt tilting followed by shear failure in bolts – – B9 3.5 73.56 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation Bolt tilting – – B10 1.7 59.55 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation progressing into tear-out– Bolt tilting – 3.00 B11 3.5 70.74 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation Bolt tilting – – B12 1.2 56.58 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation progressing into tear-out– Bolt tilting – B13 3.5 77.40 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation Bolt tilting Flag plastic bending – – – 16 1.7 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation progressing into tear-out– Bolt tilting Flag plate – – B14 64.31 bending 4.00 B15 3.5 75.38 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation Bolt tilting Flag plate plastic bending – – – 1.2 Bearing failure Bolt hole elongation progressing into tear-out– Bolt tilting Flag plate – – B16 55.26 bending
4. Test results: ultimate capacities and failure modes Specimen Bolt diameter db (mm) Nominal thickness t (mm) e1/d0 (-) Ultimate load, Pult (kN) Observed failure mode B1 12 1.55 4.4 33.12 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation – Bolt tilting B2 1.7 30.60 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation progressing into tear-out– Bolt tilting B3 4.4 21.25 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation – Bolt tilting B4 2.5 32.58 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation – Bolt tilting B5 2.00 4.4 33.93 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation – Bolt tilting B6 1.7 42.74 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation progressing into tear-out– Bolt tilting B7 4.4 42.37 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation – Bolt tilting followed by shear failure in bolts B8 2.5 48.65 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation – Bolt tilting followed by shear failure in bolts B9 16 3.00 3.5 73.56 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation – Bolt tilting B10 1.7 59.55 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation progressing into tear-out– Bolt tilting B11 3.5 70.74 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation – Bolt tilting B12 1.2 56.58 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation progressing into tear-out– Bolt tilting B13 4.00 3.5 77.40 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation – Bolt tilting – Flag plastic bending B14 1.7 64.31 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation progressing into tear-out– Bolt tilting – Flag plate bending B15 3.5 75.38 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation – Bolt tilting – Flag plate plastic bending B16 1.2 55.26 Bearing failure – Bolt hole elongation progressing into tear-out– Bolt tilting – Flag plate bending
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