and internal Collective (2009); Di networks. centers Gangi and Knowledge Wasko Implement new agency (2009); Von use of function Hippel, rewarding Intermediary (1988) systems. Hagedoorn Incorporate Bridges (2002); Stam collaborative Brokers (2009); strategy. Information Johannessen Help to intermediaries and Olsen provide Superstructure (2010); information on organizations Fichter possible Online (2009); coordination, communities Pisano brokering User (2006); transactions, involvement Albors et al. acting as Communities (2008); mediators, of practice Enkel et al. helping in Learning (2009); providing final organization Howells advice, Virtual (2006); founding and corporations Niedergassel supports for Network and Leker innovation companies (2010); West outcomes. Learning and organization Gallagher Virtual (2006) corporationsf Search engineers Peer to peer Wikis Crowdsourcing Second life Knowledge Inbound West and Consider the flows knowledge Gallagher various Outbound (2006); knowledge knowledge Lakhani and processes and Absorptive Panetta knowledge capacity (2007); flows in the Gatekeeping Huizingh internal use of Technology (2010); external watch Chiaroni, knowledge. Road mapping Chiesa, Explore IP protection Frattini, exploitation Innovation (2010); retention of champions Wallin and knowledge. Identification von Krogh Identify of (2010); innovation- relevant Spithoven et knowledge al. (2010); knowledge. (personal, Cohen Institute disciplinary, (1990); technical, Chiaroni integration market (2009 and
and internal networks. Implement new use of rewarding systems. Incorporate collaborative strategy. Help to provide information on possible coordination, brokering transactions, acting as mediators, helping in providing final advice, founding and supports for innovation outcomes. Collective centers Knowledge agency function Intermediary Bridges Brokers Information intermediaries Superstructure organizations Online communities User involvement Communities of practice Learning organization Virtual corporations Network companies Learning organization Virtual corporationsf Search engineers Peer to peer Wikis Crowdsourcing Second life (2009); Di Gangi and Wasko (2009); Von Hippel, (1988) Hagedoorn (2002); Stam (2009); Johannessen and Olsen (2010); Fichter (2009); Pisano (2006); Albors et al. (2008); Enkel et al. (2009); Howells (2006); Niedergassel and Leker (2010); West and Gallagher (2006) Knowledge flows Consider the various knowledge processes and knowledge flows in the internal use of external knowledge. Explore exploitation retention of knowledge. Identify knowledge. Institute integration Inbound knowledge Outbound knowledge Absorptive capacity Gatekeeping Technology watch Road mapping IP protection Innovation champions Identification of innovation- relevant knowledge (personal, disciplinary, technical, market West and Gallagher (2006); Lakhani and Panetta (2007); Huizingh (2010); Chiaroni, Chiesa, Frattini, (2010); Wallin and von Krogh (2010); Spithoven et al. (2010); Cohen (1990); Chiaroni (2009 and
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