prevents tetany http://www.agriscience.msu.edu/ Ca and phosphate absorption Mineralization and repair of bone Tubular reabsorption of Ca Insulin and thyroid function improvement of immune function reduced risk of autoimmune disease http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/nutritional_disorders Deficiency Severe vitamin D deficiency Rickets Osteomalacia Muscle weakness and pain Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency Environmental conditions: Geographical locations, including latitude and altitudes, and atmospheric conditions (e.g., air pollution, presence of clouds) greatly influence the intensity of UVB radiation that reaches the ground. Seasonal changes also affect the quality and quantity of UVB rays and thus vitamin D production in skin. Concealed clothing style: In a study of 2,032 Middle Eastern women, who wore a headscarf or covered all skin for religious or cultural reasons, 96% had serum D levels less than 20 ng/mL, and 60% had vitamin D levels below 12 ng/mL. Rickets and osteomalacia are not uncommon in the Middle East and North African regions where children and women cover the majority or all of their skin whenever outside. Sun safety measures: Sun protection practices, including limiting sun exposure, wearing protective clothing and hats, and applying sunscreens, hinder skin exposure to sunlight and thus result in lower vitamin D3 production and circulating vitamin D metabolites unless there is adequate oral intake. Of note, the application of sunscreen (2 mg/cm2) with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 10 reduces UVB radiation by 90%. Exclusively breast-fed infants: Infants who are exclusively breast-fed and do not receive vitamin D supplementation are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency, particularly if they have dark skin and/or receive little sun exposure . Skin pigmentation: People with a dark complexion synthesize less vitamin D on exposure to sunlight than with light-colored skin. Genetic variations: Vitamin D bioavailability varies among individuals and is dependent on the level of circulating vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), a carrier protein that binds 85%-90% of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Older age: The elderly have reduced capacity to synthesize vitamin D in skin when exposed to UVB radiation and are more likely to stay indoors or use sunscreen, which prevents vitamin D synthesis.
prevents tetany http://www.agriscience.msu.edu/ Ca and phosphate absorption Mineralization and repair of bone Tubular reabsorption of Ca Insulin and thyroid function improvement of immune function reduced risk of autoimmune disease http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/nutritional_disorders Deficiency Severe vitamin D deficiency Rickets Osteomalacia Muscle weakness and pain Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency Environmental conditions: Geographical locations, including latitude and altitudes, and atmospheric conditions (e.g., air pollution, presence of clouds) greatly influence the intensity of UVB radiation that reaches the ground. Seasonal changes also affect the quality and quantity of UVB rays and thus vitamin D production in skin. Concealed clothing style: In a study of 2,032 Middle Eastern women, who wore a headscarf or covered all skin for religious or cultural reasons, 96% had serum D levels less than 20 ng/mL, and 60% had vitamin D levels below 12 ng/mL. Rickets and osteomalacia are not uncommon in the Middle East and North African regions where children and women cover the majority or all of their skin whenever outside. Sun safety measures: Sun protection practices, including limiting sun exposure, wearing protective clothing and hats, and applying sunscreens, hinder skin exposure to sunlight and thus result in lower vitamin D3 production and circulating vitamin D metabolites unless there is adequate oral intake. Of note, the application of sunscreen (2 mg/cm2) with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 10 reduces UVB radiation by 90%. Exclusively breast-fed infants: Infants who are exclusively breast-fed and do not receive vitamin D supplementation are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency, particularly if they have dark skin and/or receive little sun exposure . Skin pigmentation: People with a dark complexion synthesize less vitamin D on exposure to sunlight than with light-colored skin. Genetic variations: Vitamin D bioavailability varies among individuals and is dependent on the level of circulating vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), a carrier protein that binds 85%-90% of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Older age: The elderly have reduced capacity to synthesize vitamin D in skin when exposed to UVB radiation and are more likely to stay indoors or use sunscreen, which prevents vitamin D synthesis.
multi-vitamin-function.docx