to N2K is not clear and transaction costs and products can be likely to be modest commerciality issues produced Nutrient offsetting Low: Handful of Low: Pembrokeshire Mod: 7 actions can be Mod: Focus on water Low: Further work needs initiatives pilot scheme equates to funded, including habitat bodies and adjacent to be done to £150,000 of funding to management schemes habitats. Areas of demonstrate the general support range of and provision of services opportunity are typically efficacy of offsetting activities (12, 13, 16) and those with specific measures investment (20, 22, 23) pollutant issues PES Low: PES are not Low: The scale of funds High: A wide range of Mod: There are a Mod: Private PES is currently used in Wales, raised will be management actions can number of potential currently an untapped other than through the commensurate with potentially be funded, restrictions, most of approach. However in publicly funded land individual contracts. In including the 3 ongoing which effect the ease of the short term, scope for management the short term these are management & use and implementation. use is likely to be limited programmes such as likely to be relatively monitoring actions (12, Key restrictions are the to individual pilot Glastir small 15, 18) where funding ability to use PES for schemes. Potential is need is likely to be multiple ecosystem likely to increase over the greatest service delivery and the medium term scientific uncertainty of the effect of actions on service delivery Visitor payback Low: Applied in a range Low: Funds are High: A wide range of Mod: Potential Mod: Good potential for of settings but no specific discretionary and thus actions relating to application to a range of development of webapp examples of N2K usually small-scale management planning ecosystems , although schemes around an application and ongoing usually dependent on ecosystem services management (10, 12, 13, visitor access approach 16) education and investment (21, 22, 24, 25). May require linkages with visitor experiences / interests
to N2K is not clear and likely to be modest transaction costs and commerciality issues products can be produced Nutrient offsetting Low: Handful of initiatives Low: Pembrokeshire pilot scheme equates to £150,000 of funding to support range of activities Mod: 7 actions can be funded, including habitat management schemes and provision of services (12, 13, 16) and investment (20, 22, 23) Mod: Focus on water bodies and adjacent habitats. Areas of opportunity are typically those with specific pollutant issues Low: Further work needs to be done to demonstrate the general efficacy of offsetting measures PES Low: PES are not currently used in Wales, other than through the publicly funded land management programmes such as Glastir Low: The scale of funds raised will be commensurate with individual contracts. In the short term these are likely to be relatively small High: A wide range of management actions can potentially be funded, including the 3 ongoing management & monitoring actions (12, 15, 18) where funding need is likely to be greatest Mod: There are a number of potential restrictions, most of which effect the ease of use and implementation. Key restrictions are the ability to use PES for multiple ecosystem service delivery and the scientific uncertainty of the effect of actions on service delivery Mod: Private PES is currently an untapped approach. However in the short term, scope for use is likely to be limited to individual pilot schemes. Potential is likely to increase over the medium term Visitor payback Low: Applied in a range of settings but no specific examples of N2K application Low: Funds are discretionary and thus usually small-scale High: A wide range of actions relating to management planning and ongoing management (10, 12, 13, 16) education and investment (21, 22, 24, 25). May require linkages with visitor experiences / interests Mod: Potential application to a range of ecosystems , although usually dependent on visitor access Mod: Good potential for development of webapp schemes around an ecosystem services approach