Year 8 Science 8C Breathing and Respiration Expected Attainment Confident Advanced Mastery Year Emerging Group Grade 8 2 Identify and recall the main organs in the human gaseous Use a pressure model to explain Explain how and why a exchange system. ventilation. concentration gradient is maintained for oxygen Correctly use the terms: breathing, breathing rate, Explain how specialised cells keep the and carbon dioxide ventilation, inhalation, exhalation. lungs clean (mucus production and between the blood and ciliated epithelial cells). Describe the functions of the organs in the human lungs. gaseous exchange system and what happens during gas Explain how the lungs are adapted for Explain why exercise is exchange. efficient gas exchange. recommended to help Describe how muscles attached to ribs and the Explain the changes in heartbeat and people with diaphragm produce breathing movements and use a breathing rate during exercise. cardiovascular disease. model to explain how lungs expand and contract. Explain some of the effects of reduced Compare the efficiencies Describe the structure of the lungs. oxygen supply on the body. of different gas exchange Explain how diffusion occurs in terms of movement of Explain the effects of some chemicals organs. particles. in tobacco smoke on the body. Identify the limitations of Describe how breathing rate and heart rate are affected Describe how gas exchange occurs in lungs, gills and body by exercise. plants. surface covering as sites Recall some harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke. Compare the human gaseous of gas exchange. exchange system with those of other Recall ways in which gas exchange in the lungs can be Explain the effects of animals. reduced. poisons that disrupt Recall that anaerobic respiration Describe how substances reach respiring cells from the certain metabolic releases less energy than aerobic blood and how waste products are returned to the blood. processes. respiration. Describe the effects of nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide Model anaerobic respiration using a in tobacco smoke. word equation. Describe how asthma, emphysema and tobacco tar can Describe how lactic acid is removed reduce gas exchange. from tissues. Compare respiration in plants and animals. Explain why anaerobic activity cannot Describe ways in which respiration can be detected be sustained. (limewater, hydrogen carbonate indicator, heat). Analyse and explain the changes in Recall what happens in anaerobic respiration in humans. heartbeat and breathing rate during and Explain why aerobic and anaerobic respiration occur in humans at the same time.
Year 8 Science 8C Breathing and Respiration Expected Attainment Year Group Grade Emerging Confident Advanced Mastery 8 2 Identify and recall the main organs in the human gaseous exchange system. Correctly use the terms: breathing, breathing rate, ventilation, inhalation, exhalation. Describe the functions of the organs in the human gaseous exchange system and what happens during gas exchange. Describe how muscles attached to ribs and the diaphragm produce breathing movements and use a model to explain how lungs expand and contract. Describe the structure of the lungs. Explain how diffusion occurs in terms of movement of particles. Describe how breathing rate and heart rate are affected by exercise. Recall some harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke. Recall ways in which gas exchange in the lungs can be reduced. Describe how substances reach respiring cells from the blood and how waste products are returned to the blood. Describe the effects of nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke. Describe how asthma, emphysema and tobacco tar can reduce gas exchange. Compare respiration in plants and animals. Describe ways in which respiration can be detected (limewater, hydrogen carbonate indicator, heat). Recall what happens in anaerobic respiration in humans. Explain why aerobic and anaerobic respiration occur in humans at the same time. Use a pressure model to explain ventilation. Explain how specialised cells keep the lungs clean (mucus production and ciliated epithelial cells). Explain how the lungs are adapted for efficient gas exchange. Explain the changes in heartbeat and breathing rate during exercise. Explain some of the effects of reduced oxygen supply on the body. Explain the effects of some chemicals in tobacco smoke on the body. Describe how gas exchange occurs in plants. Compare the human gaseous exchange system with those of other animals. Recall that anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration. Model anaerobic respiration using a word equation. Describe how lactic acid is removed from tissues. Explain why anaerobic activity cannot be sustained. Analyse and explain the changes in heartbeat and breathing rate during and Explain how and why a concentration gradient is maintained for oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and lungs. Explain why exercise is recommended to help people with cardiovascular disease. Compare the efficiencies of different gas exchange organs. Identify the limitations of lungs, gills and body surface covering as sites of gas exchange. Explain the effects of poisons that disrupt certain metabolic processes.