Table 4. Results of Included Studies Author Quality Intervention Measures Results Significance Score Paulus, 3 Questionnaire and 3/4 of 1342 Yes, high Backes, Prevalence of checklist: children showed correlation: sander, anxiety disorders CBCL/4-18 clinical signs of SAD p <.001 Weber & and an DISYPS-II and anxiety/depression. PHOB p <.001 Gontard association with RIBI Scale MMD/GAD (2014) behavioral p <.001 inhibition SOC p <.001 4 Strengths and Family violence Yes, correlation Children’s exposure to Difficulties 85.5% of paternal and Neuner, & traumatic events, Questionnaire Children maternal care Catani, mental health (SDQ): emotional experienced or p <.001 (2015) symptoms, and symptoms, conduct witnessed 4.5% parenting problems, Reported violence behavior hyperactivity/ina- by children: ttention, peer Injury 12.8% relationship Medical treatment problems, and 3.1% prosocial behavior. Violence at home was ongoing 73.8% Wang & 5 mental RCBC measures anxiety is No, p=.071 Parents’ Mothers’ Zhou health and not significant children’s (2015) family behavioral functioning on problems anxiety Yes, p=.002 Fathers’ FACES-II reported Children p <.01 child’s behavioral measures family unfavorable for problems functioning mother and SAS measure children. anxiety parent’s CES-D measure Moderate level of Children’s symptoms behavioral anxiety parent’s of depression. problems
Table 4. Results of Included Studies Author Quality Score Intervention Measures Results Significance Paulus, Backes, sander, Weber & Gontard (2014) 3 Prevalence of anxiety disorders and an association with behavioral inhibition Questionnaire and checklist: CBCL/4-18 DISYPS-II and RIBI Scale 3/4 of 1342 children showed clinical signs of anxiety/depression. Yes, high correlation: SAD p <.001 PHOB p <.001 MMD/GAD p <.001 SOC p <.001 Neuner, & Catani, (2015) 4 Children’s exposure to traumatic events, mental health symptoms, and parenting behavior Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/ina- ttention, peer relationship problems, and prosocial behavior. Family violence 85.5% Children experienced or witnessed 4.5% Reported violence by children: Injury 12.8% Medical treatment 3.1% Violence at home was ongoing 73.8% Yes, correlation of paternal and maternal care p <.001 Wang & Zhou (2015) 5 Parents’ mental health and family functioning on child’s behavioral problems RCBC measures children’s behavioral problems FACES-II measures family functioning SAS measure parent’s anxiety CES-D measure parent’s symptoms of depression. Mothers’ anxiety is not significant Fathers’ anxiety reported unfavorable for mother and children. Children’s behavioral problems No, p=.071 Yes, p=.002 Children p <.01 Moderate level of anxiety