Zhan et al. 2003 US USA inpatient, CPOE 7,029 5 (none R: MEDMARX Technical problems related to faulty (2006) (30) (8) outpatient reported) computer interface, miscommunication with HIT: ad hoc other systems and inadequate decision MEDMARX support. Human factors issues involved C: National Coordinating knowledge deficit, distractions, Council for Medication inexperience and data entry errors. Error Reporting and Prevention’s (NCC MERP) Index for Categorizing Medication Errors. ECRI Institute Incident USA 36 EHR, CPOE, 171 6 (3) R: AHRQ’s Common 211 HIT problems in 28 categories (20) (1.5) reporting inpatient eMAR, PIS, Formats (version 1.2) 56% machine-related study and CDS, 44% human-factors issues HIT: Magrabi et al. - Deep Dive outpatient imaging, settings peripheral classification A (circumstance that has the capacity to device, cause harm): 25, 15% C: reporter classified using billing, B (error occurs but does not reach the National Coordinating patient): 15, 9% AutoDisp, LIS Council for Medication C (error reaches the patient but does not Error Reporting and cause harm): 52, 30% Prevention’s (NCC MERP) D (error reaches the patient and requires Index for Categorizing monitoring to confirm no harm and/or Medication Errors. intervention required): 24, 14% E (error contributes to or results in temporary harm to the patient and requires intervention): 3, 2% F (error contributes to or results in temporary harm and requires initial or prolonged hospitalization): 1, 1% G (error contributes to or results in permanent patient harm): 0, 0% H (error requires intervention to sustain life): 1, 1%
Zhan et al. (2006) (30) 2003 (8) US MEDMARX USA inpatient, outpatient CPOE 7,029 5 (none reported) R: MEDMARX HIT: ad hoc C: National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention’s (NCC MERP) Index for Categorizing Medication Errors. Technical problems related to faulty computer interface, miscommunication with other systems and inadequate decision support. Human factors issues involved knowledge deficit, distractions, inexperience and data entry errors. ECRI Institute (20) (1.5) Incident reporting study - Deep Dive USA 36 inpatient and outpatient settings EHR, CPOE, eMAR, PIS, CDS, imaging, peripheral device, billing, AutoDisp, LIS 171 6 (3) R: AHRQ’s Common Formats (version 1.2) HIT: Magrabi et al. classification C: reporter classified using National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention’s (NCC MERP) Index for Categorizing Medication Errors. 211 HIT problems in 28 categories 56% machine-related 44% human-factors issues A (circumstance that has the capacity to cause harm): 25, 15% B (error occurs but does not reach the patient): 15, 9% C (error reaches the patient but does not cause harm): 52, 30% D (error reaches the patient and requires monitoring to confirm no harm and/or intervention required): 24, 14% E (error contributes to or results in temporary harm to the patient and requires intervention): 3, 2% F (error contributes to or results in temporary harm and requires initial or prolonged hospitalization): 1, 1% G (error contributes to or results in permanent patient harm): 0, 0% H (error requires intervention to sustain life): 1, 1%