Abbreviations are subdivided into five groups: Acronyms which are read in accordance within the reading rules as though they were ordinary words: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), UNO (United Nations Organization). Alphabetic abbreviations in which letters get their full alphabetic pronunciation and a full stress: USA, BBC, MP. Alphabetic abbreviations sometimes concern names of famous people: G.B.S. (George Bernard Shaw), B.B. (Brigitte Bardot). Compound abbreviations in which the first constituent is a letter and the second part is a complete word: In A-bomb (atomic-bomb), L-driver (learner driver). – compound abbreviation also may be clipped one or both constituents: Interpol (international police). Graphic abbreviations which can be found in texts for economy of space. They are pronounced as the corresponding unabbreviated words: Mr., Mrs., m (mile), ltd There are several semantic groups of graphic (limited). abbreviations: a) days of the week, e. g. Mon Monday, Tue – – etc. b) names of months, e. g. Tuesday, Apr April, Aug – – etc. c) names of counties in UK, e. g. August, Yorks – etc. d) names of states in USA, Yorkshire, Berks –Berkshire, e. g. etc. e) names of address, Ala Alabama, Alas Alaska, – – e. g. etc. f) military ranks, e. g. Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr., capt. etc. g) scientific degrees, captain, col. colonel, sgt sergeant, – – e. g. B.A. Bachelor of Arts, D.M. Doctor of Medicine. – – (Sometimes in scientific degrees we have abbreviations of Latin origin, e. g., h) units of M.B. Medicinae Baccalaurus), – time, length, weight, e. g. f/ft sec. second, in. –foot/feet, – – etc. The reading of some graphical inch, mg. milligram, – abbreviations depends on the context, e. g. can be read as: “m” male, married, masculine, metre, mile, million, minute, “l.p.” can be read as long-playing, low pressure.
Abbreviations are subdivided into five groups: Acronyms which are read in accordance within the reading rules as though they were ordinary words: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), UNO (United Nations Organization). Alphabetic abbreviations in which letters get their full alphabetic pronunciation and a full stress: USA, BBC, MP. Alphabetic abbreviations sometimes concern names of famous people: G.B.S. (George Bernard Shaw), B.B. (Brigitte Bardot). Compound abbreviations in which the first constituent is a letter and the second part is a complete word: A-bomb (atomic-bomb), L-driver (learner – driver). In compound abbreviation also may be clipped one or both constituents: Interpol (international police). Graphic abbreviations which can be found in texts for economy of space. They are pronounced as the corresponding unabbreviated words: Mr., Mrs., m (mile), ltd (limited). There are several semantic groups of graphic abbreviations: a) days of the week, e. g. Mon – Monday, Tue – Tuesday, etc. b) names of months, e. g. Apr – April, Aug – August, etc. c) names of counties in UK, e. g. Yorks – Yorkshire, Berks –Berkshire, etc. d) names of states in USA, e. g. Ala – Alabama, Alas – Alaska, etc. e) names of address, e. g. Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr., etc. f) military ranks, e. g. capt. col. – colonel, sgt – sergeant, etc. g) scientific degrees, e. g. B.A. – Bachelor of Arts, D.M. – Doctor of Medicine. (Sometimes in scientific degrees we have abbreviations of Latin origin, e. g., M.B. – Medicinae Baccalaurus), h) units of time, length, weight, e. g. f/ft –foot/feet, sec. – second, in. – inch, mg. – milligram, etc. The reading of some graphical abbreviations depends on the context, e. g. “m” can be read as: male, married, masculine, metre, mile, million, minute, “l.p.” can be read as long-playing, low pressure. captain,