academy award etc. in the 2013, growth in crime rate etc. Objective vs. Subjective Objective Information Subjective Information Without Bias Non-judgmental It includes opinions, personal “not influenced by personal feelings, viewpoints, and evaluations existing in interpretations, or prejudices; based on the mind. It is to the point, clear cut Examples of subjective information facts”. without any personal projection. needs include; Criticism of O’Neill’s Examples of objective information play, Evaluation of a course based on needs: Chronology of the Feminist class comments. Book review or movie movement, the eight stages of reviews etc. development according to Erik Erikson Primary vs. Secondary Primary Information Secondary Information Information in its original form, not It is repackaged examination, translated by anyone else, has not restatement or interpretation of primary been published elsewhere, is termed information already collected by as primary. someone. Examples of primary information Examples of secondary information needs: Explanation or instructions from needs: Notes borrowed from a an employer or teacher, an eyewitness classmate for a missed class, a account of a house fire, etc. bibliography on the letters of Ernest Hemingway and so on. 3.2.8. Information needs at various levels of management Information is needed for decision making at all levels of management. managers at different organizational levels make different types of decisions, control different types of processes, and have different information needs. Three classical levels of management include:- Top Management or Strategic Management Middle Management or Tactical Management Low level Management or Operational Management Strategic Management includes directors/owner that make decisions which affect the entire organization, or large parts of it, and leave an impact in the long run. The decision making at this level is highly unstructured. By this we mean, there may not be a proper format for decision making. It requires lot of inputs in terms of information, but there is no fixed way of mixing those inputs. Information needs of top or Strategic Management
academy award etc. in the 2013, growth in crime rate etc. Objective vs. Subjective Objective Information Subjective Information Without Bias Non-judgmental “not influenced by personal feelings, interpretations, or prejudices; based on facts”. It is to the point, clear cut without any personal projection. Examples of objective information needs: Chronology of the Feminist movement, the eight stages of development according to Erik Erikson It includes opinions, personal viewpoints, and evaluations existing in the mind. Examples of subjective information needs include; Criticism of O’Neill’s play, Evaluation of a course based on class comments. Book review or movie reviews etc. Primary vs. Secondary Primary Information Secondary Information Information in its original form, not translated by anyone else, has not been published elsewhere, is termed as primary. Examples of primary information needs: Explanation or instructions from an employer or teacher, an eyewitness account of a house fire, etc. It is repackaged examination, restatement or interpretation of primary information already collected by someone. Examples of secondary information needs: Notes borrowed from a classmate for a missed class, a bibliography on the letters of Ernest Hemingway and so on. 3.2.8. Information needs at various levels of management Information is needed for decision making at all levels of management. managers at different organizational levels make different types of decisions, control different types of processes, and have different information needs. Three classical levels of management include:- Top Management or Strategic Management Middle Management or Tactical Management Low level Management or Operational Management Strategic Management includes directors/owner that make decisions which affect the entire organization, or large parts of it, and leave an impact in the long run. The decision making at this level is highly unstructured. By this we mean, there may not be a proper format for decision making. It requires lot of inputs in terms of information, but there is no fixed way of mixing those inputs. Information needs of top or Strategic Management