Construct an argument Construct and/or Construct, use, and/or Construct, use, and/or with evidence to support an argument present an oral and present an oral and written support a claim. with evidence, data, written argument argument or and/or a model. supported by empirical counterarguments based on Use data to evaluate evidence and scientific data and evidence. claims about cause and reasoning to support or effect. refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. Make a claim about the Make a claim about the Make an oral or written Make and defend a claim effectiveness of an merit of a solution to a argument that supports based on evidence about the object, tool, or solution problem by citing or refutes the advertised natural world or the that is supported by relevant evidence performance of a device, effectiveness of a design relevant evidence. about how it meets the process, or system, based solution that reflects criteria and on empirical evidence scientific knowledge and constraints of the concerning whether or student-generated evidence. problem. not the technology meets Evaluate competing design relevant criteria and solutions to a real-world constraints. problem based on scientific Evaluate competing ideas and principles, design solutions based on empirical evidence, and/or jointly developed and logical arguments regarding agreed-upon design relevant factors (e.g., criteria. economic, societal, environmental, ethical considerations). Science and Pre-K–2 Condensed 3–5 Condensed 6–8 Condensed 9–12 Condensed Engineering Practices Practices Practices Practices Practices
Construct an argument with evidence to support a claim. Construct and/or support an argument with evidence, data, and/or a model. Use data to evaluate claims about cause and effect. Construct, use, and/or present an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. Construct, use, and/or present an oral and written argument or counterarguments based on data and evidence. Make a claim about the effectiveness of an object, tool, or solution that is supported by relevant evidence. Make a claim about the merit of a solution to a problem by citing relevant evidence about how it meets the criteria and constraints of the problem. Make an oral or written argument that supports or refutes the advertised performance of a device, process, or system, based on empirical evidence concerning whether or not the technology meets relevant criteria and constraints. Evaluate competing design solutions based on jointly developed and agreed-upon design criteria. Make and defend a claim based on evidence about the natural world or the effectiveness of a design solution that reflects scientific knowledge and student-generated evidence. Evaluate competing design solutions to a real-world problem based on scientific ideas and principles, empirical evidence, and/or logical arguments regarding relevant factors (e.g., economic, societal, environmental, ethical considerations). Science and Engineering Practices Pre-K–2 Condensed Practices 3–5 Condensed Practices 6–8 Condensed Practices 9–12 Condensed Practices