Type of Collective Definition Locus Relationship to Origin Knowledge individual knowledge Shared knowledge Knowledge held by Individuals Overlapping, common Shared experience individuals in a group knowledge Complementary Knowledge regarding Interdependencies Specialised division of knowledge the division of between individual knowledge within a expertise within a knowledge group Artefact-Embedded Knowledge embedded Artefact Combinations of Codification and Knowledge in collective, group individual knowledge articulation of artefacts in an articulated form knowledge Table 1 Hecker’s (2012) Three Types of Collective knowledge Some theorists will distinguish between organisational learning and knowledge management. It can be argued that knowledge management could be isolated to a technological system where employees are called upon to assist with their activity. In comparison organisational learning is about implementing the and learning from both ‘ideal’ positive and negative aspects of the organisation in both controlled and uncontrolled mechanisms referred to as formal and informal debriefing (Rajan, Lank and Chapple 1999). Organisational learning is now regarded as having significant advantages. If a company or institute can produce certain products or change their techniques using innovation to bring a service back to the market place and beat the competitor, the balance sheet will show growth and benefits will be seen (Buchanan and Huczynski 2004). John Burgoyne will argue that after a decade of working through a number of organisational issues not many companies will show evidence of this in their findings. However Burgoyne will argue that organisational learning takes time and quick results will not be achieved within this definition.
Type of Collective Knowledge Definition Locus Relationship to individual knowledge Origin Shared knowledge Knowledge held by individuals in a group Individuals Overlapping, common knowledge Shared experience Complementary knowledge Knowledge regarding the division of expertise within a group Interdependencies between individual knowledge Specialised division of knowledge within a Artefact-Embedded Knowledge Knowledge embedded in collective, group artefacts Artefact Combinations of individual knowledge in an articulated form Codification and articulation of knowledge Table 1 Hecker’s (2012) Three Types of Collective knowledge Some theorists will distinguish between organisational learning and knowledge management. It can be argued that knowledge management could be isolated to a technological system where employees are called upon to assist with their activity. In comparison organisational learning is about implementing the ‘ideal’ and learning from both positive and negative aspects of the organisation in both controlled and uncontrolled mechanisms referred to as formal and informal debriefing (Rajan, Lank and Chapple 1999). Organisational learning is now regarded as having significant advantages. If a company or institute can produce certain products or change their techniques using innovation to bring a service back to the market place and beat the competitor, the balance sheet will show growth and benefits will be seen (Buchanan and Huczynski 2004). John Burgoyne will argue that after a decade of working through a number of organisational issues not many companies will show evidence of this in their findings. However Burgoyne will argue that organisational learning takes time and quick results will not be achieved within this definition.