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Mullen, Harryette. Blues Baby: Early Poems. Lewisburg NJ; London: Bucknell University Press; Associated University Presses, 2002. —. Recyclopedia: Trimmings, S*PeRM**KT, and Muse & Drudge. Saint Paul: Graywolf Press, 2006 [1991, 1992, 1995]. —. Sleeping with the Dictionary. Berkely: University of California Press, 2002. Nielsen, Aldon Lynn. An Integral Music (Languages of African American Innovation). Tucaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2004. —. Black Chant: Languages of African-American Postmodernism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Ong, Walter. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. Oxford; NY : Routledge, [1982] 1988. Palmeri, Robert Palmeri and Margaret W. Piano: An Encyclopedia. NY: Routledge, 2003. Poets.org: from the Academy of American Poets. “Harryette Mullen.” Web. 12 December 2010. <http://> Potter, Russel A. Spectacular Vernacular: Hip-hop and the Politics of Postmodernism (SUNY Series in Postmodern Culture). NY: SUNY Press, 1995. Ramey, Lauri. Slave Songs and the Birth of American Poetry. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Rubin, David C. Memory in Oral Traditions: The Cognitive Psychology of Epic, Ballads, and Counting-out Rhymes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Titon, Jeff Todd (ed.) Downhome Blues Lyrics: an anthology from the post-World War II era. U of Illinois Press. 1990. Turner, Mark. The Literary Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.