of target and non-target species to the active ingredient, the body mass of Brown falcon ~30 animals relative to that of the Barn owl ~22 the bait medium used, the hardness of the bait and where the toxin is located, whether non-target animals are Amounts of 1080 used in New exposed to the toxic baits or poisoned Zealand and Australia animals and, if so, whether these are New Zealand is the greatest user of 1080 acceptable food items, and the timing of concentrate, using up to four tonnes of baiting programs. powder per year. In contrast, only around Properly conducted baiting programs (i.e. 200 kg of 1080 powder are used in in accordance with the label directions) Australian pest control programs each provide safe and effective control options. year. 1080 baits have been used in New Shallow burial of baits under ground litter, Zealand since the 1950s, primarily for or the tethering of baits, can further reduce aerial baiting of possums introduced from potential risks to non-target species. eastern Australia, and for the control of rabbits. Possum control is aimed at LD50 of 1080 (mg/kg) for some Table 2: protecting biodiversity and helps to reduce native Australian animals the spread of bovine Tb. New Zealand Species LD50 (mg/kg) sowing rates for aerial operations are 3–5 Bobtail skink kg/ha, which equates to 4.5–7.5 g Western Australia >800 1080/ha. This compares to around South Australia 201 0.00015 g 1080/ha for many fox baiting Rosenberg’s goanna programs in Western Australia. Western Australia 235 Interestingly, areas with South Australia 38 plants can have up to 550 g of Brushtail possum fluoroacetate per ha and yet, due to its Western Australia 118 degradation by microbes, fluoroacetate South Australia 0.64-0.84 does not persist in these environments. Western grey kangaroo 47 Eastern grey kangaroo 0.29 Banded hare-wallaby 106 Inspecting and drying field wild –prepared dog baits Chuditch/Western quoll 7.1 Red-tail phascogale 16.5 How does 1080 compare to Emu 96 alternatives? Malleefowl 106 As yet there are no alternative broad-scale Bronzewing pigeon 38 methods for effectively and efficiently Western rosella 71
of target and non-target species to the active ingredient, the body mass of animals relative to that of the the bait medium used, the hardness of the bait and where the toxin is located, whether non-target animals are exposed to the toxic baits or poisoned animals and, if so, whether these are acceptable food items, and the timing of baiting programs. Properly conducted baiting programs (i.e. in accordance with the label directions) provide safe and effective control options. Shallow burial of baits under ground litter, or the tethering of baits, can further reduce potential risks to non-target species. Table 2: LD50 of 1080 (mg/kg) for some native Australian animals Species LD50 (mg/kg) Bobtail skink Western Australia >800 South Australia 201 Rosenberg’s goanna Western Australia 235 South Australia 38 Brushtail possum Western Australia 118 South Australia 0.64-0.84 Western grey kangaroo 47 Eastern grey kangaroo 0.29 Banded hare-wallaby 106 Chuditch/Western quoll 7.1 Red-tail phascogale 16.5 Emu 96 Malleefowl 106 Bronzewing pigeon 38 Western rosella 71 Brown falcon ~30 Barn owl ~22 Amounts of 1080 used in New Zealand and Australia New Zealand is the greatest user of 1080 concentrate, using up to four tonnes of powder per year. In contrast, only around 200 kg of 1080 powder are used in Australian pest control programs each year. 1080 baits have been used in New Zealand since the 1950s, primarily for aerial baiting of possums introduced from eastern Australia, and for the control of rabbits. Possum control is aimed at protecting biodiversity and helps to reduce the spread of bovine Tb. New Zealand sowing rates for aerial operations are 3–5 kg/ha, which equates to 4.5–7.5 g 1080/ha. This compares to around 0.00015 g 1080/ha for many fox baiting programs in Western Australia. Interestingly, areas with plants can have up to 550 g of fluoroacetate per ha and yet, due to its degradation by microbes, fluoroacetate does not persist in these environments. Inspecting and drying field –prepared wild dog baits How does 1080 compare to alternatives? As yet there are no alternative broad-scale methods for effectively and efficiently