Appendix 3.01I Teacher Resource Key Terms: Term Definition General term prenatal development The development of a zygote, embryo, and fetus before birth Hereditary influences hereditary All traits passed down from one generation to the next (e.g., eye, skin, and hair color) chromosomes A threadlike structure that carries genes in living cells genes The basic unit of heredity; genes carry all the characteristics that will transfer from parent to child Traits that always show in a person even if only one gene of the pair is dominant traits inherited for the trait Traits that typically do not show in a person unless both genes for the recessive traits trait are inherited A hereditary disease that results in secretion of thick mucus that blocks internal passages, including those of the lungs, causing cystic fibrosis respiratory infections. The pancreas is also affected, resulting in a deficiency of digestive enzymes and impaired nutrition An abnormality, present at birth, that affects the structure or function birth defect of the body and may threaten a baby’s health A progressive weakness and shrinking of the muscles most commonly muscular dystrophy inherited Caused by inheriting defective recessive genes from both parents, sickle cell anemia more commonly occurs in African-Americans PKU A condition in which the body is unable to process and use a specific (phenylkentonuria) protein that is present in nearly all foods A genetic disease that principally affects those of Jewish ancestry, Tay-Sachs disease marked by an accumulation of certain fats in the brain and nerves resulting in brain damage, loss of sight and brain functions A genetic disorder characterized by a broad skull, blunt facial Down syndrome features, short stature, and learning difficulties; caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21
Appendix 3.01I Teacher Resource Key Terms: Term Definition General term prenatal development The development of a zygote, embryo, and fetus before birth Hereditary influences hereditary All traits passed down from one generation to the next (e.g., eye, skin, and hair color) chromosomes A threadlike structure that carries genes in living cells genes The basic unit of heredity; genes carry all the characteristics that will transfer from parent to child dominant traits Traits that always show in a person even if only one gene of the pair is inherited for the trait recessive traits Traits that typically do not show in a person unless both genes for the trait are inherited cystic fibrosis A hereditary disease that results in secretion of thick mucus that blocks internal passages, including those of the lungs, causing respiratory infections. The pancreas is also affected, resulting in a deficiency of digestive enzymes and impaired nutrition birth defect An abnormality, present at birth, that affects the structure or function of the body and may threaten a baby’s health muscular dystrophy A progressive weakness and shrinking of the muscles most commonly inherited sickle cell anemia Caused by inheriting defective recessive genes from both parents, more commonly occurs in African-Americans PKU (phenylkentonuria) A condition in which the body is unable to process and use a specific protein that is present in nearly all foods Tay-Sachs disease A genetic disease that principally affects those of Jewish ancestry, marked by an accumulation of certain fats in the brain and nerves resulting in brain damage, loss of sight and brain functions Down syndrome A genetic disorder characterized by a broad skull, blunt facial features, short stature, and learning difficulties; caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21