Domain / vertical standards: Within large domains, there are multiple sub domains often served by different, and incompatible standards. In healthcare for example, standards exist for terminology, language formats, records, systems of classification and biomedical ontology categories for knowledge management, as well as devices, internet protocols and interoperability. Section Scope: This section discusses the applicability of standards to the current Big Data landscape. Some standards are legacy standards and do not apply to Big Data. They may apply to legacy systems or they may apply to previous of big data, what we might refer to as Big Data 1.0 for example ‘eras’ [Hadoop / batch processing… ]. Interoperability of electronic health records and medical information continue to be a problem area in the healthcare / life science space. Many of the traditional standards in existence today predate modern problems. For Example, ISO 13606, openEHR, HL7 Messaging, LOINC, RxNorm, SNOMED CT Clinical Terms. Table 6: Excerpt of Healthcare related standards Standard Description Type / Class / Synonymous Application Namespace HL7 Messaging Interoperability; messaging HC ISO 13606 Message exchange among EMRs Messaging HC LOINC Logical observation identifiers Terminology; controlled HC vocabulary openEHR Message exchange among EMRs Messaging EHR related RxNorm Normalized names for clinical Terminology; controlled HC drugs vocabulary SNOMED CT Systematized nomenclature for Terminology; controlled HC medicine vocabulary SNOMED is inconsistent within itself. FHIR looks to solve key problems by extending RESTful web services but is immature.
Domain / vertical standards: Within large domains, there are multiple sub domains often served by different, and incompatible standards. In healthcare for example, standards exist for terminology, language formats, records, systems of classification and biomedical ontology categories for knowledge management, as well as devices, internet protocols and interoperability. Section Scope: This section discusses the applicability of standards to the current Big Data landscape. Some standards are legacy standards and do not apply to Big Data. They may apply to legacy systems or they may apply to previous ‘eras’ of big data, what we might refer to as Big Data 1.0 for example [Hadoop / batch processing… ]. Interoperability of electronic health records and medical information continue to be a problem area in the healthcare / life science space. Many of the traditional standards in existence today predate modern problems. For Example, ISO 13606, openEHR, HL7 Messaging, LOINC, RxNorm, SNOMED CT Clinical Terms. Table 6: Excerpt of Healthcare related standards Standard Description Type / Class / Synonymous Namespace Application HL7 Messaging Interoperability; messaging HC ISO 13606 Message exchange among EMRs Messaging HC LOINC Logical observation identifiers Terminology; controlled vocabulary HC openEHR Message exchange among EMRs Messaging EHR related RxNorm Normalized names for clinical drugs Terminology; controlled vocabulary HC SNOMED CT Systematized nomenclature for medicine Terminology; controlled vocabulary HC SNOMED is inconsistent within itself. FHIR looks to solve key problems by extending RESTful web services but is immature.