(NLASS) categories Kaukinen Canada, Data taken 250 Telephone Quantitative - No power Intra-personal level (2012) from existing data survey study calculation Education level in relation to set – The General male partner Social Survey (GSS, Household income 1999) Simmons USA, two helping 121 Questionnaires Mixed None Intrapersonal level et al agencies methods Shame and embarrassment (2011) study Interpersonal level Don’t know what services are available Institutional level Confidentiality and trust
(NLASS) categories Kaukinen (2012) Canada, Data taken from existing data set – The General Social Survey (GSS, 1999) 250 Telephone survey Quantitative study - No power calculation Intra-personal level Education level in relation to male partner Household income Simmons et al (2011) USA, two helping agencies 121 Questionnaires Mixed methods study None Intrapersonal level Shame and embarrassment Interpersonal level Don’t know what services are available Institutional level Confidentiality and trust