3. Planning and Planning and carrying out Planning and carrying out Planning and carrying Planning and carrying out Carrying Out investigations to answer investigations to answer out investigations in 6–8 investigations in 9–12 builds on Investigations questions or test solutions questions or test builds on pre-K–5 experiences and progresses to to problems in pre-K–2 solutions to problems in experiences and include investigations that provide builds on prior 3–5 builds on pre-K–2 progresses to include evidence for and test conceptual, Scientists and experiences and experiences and investigations that use mathematical, physical, and engineers plan and progresses to simple progresses to include multiple variables and empirical models. carry out investigations, based on investigations that control provide evidence to investigations in the fair tests, which provide variables and provide support explanations or field or laboratory, data to support evidence to support solutions. working explanations or design explanations or design collaboratively as solutions. solutions. well as individually. Their investigations Plan and conduct an Plan an investigation Plan an investigation or test a With guidance, plan and are systematic and investigation individually and design individually and conduct an investigation require clarifying collaboratively to collaboratively, and in collaboratively to produce data to in collaboration with what counts as data produce data to serve the design identify serve as the basis for evidence as peers (for K). and identifying as the basis for independent and part of building and revising Plan and conduct an variables or evidence, using fair dependent variables models, supporting explanations investigation parameters. tests in which variables and controls, what for phenomena, or testing collaboratively to are controlled and the tools are needed to do solutions to problems. Consider produce data to serve as number of trials the gathering, how possible confounding variables or the basis for evidence to Engineering considered. measurements will be effects and evaluate the answer a question. investigations recorded, and how investigation’s design to ensure identify the many data are needed that variables are controlled. effectiveness, to support a claim. Plan and conduct an investigation efficiency, and Conduct an individually and collaboratively to durability of designs investigation and/or produce data to serve as the basis under different evaluate and/or revise for evidence, and in the design conditions. the experimental decide on the types, quantity, and design to produce data accuracy of data needed to to serve as the basis for produce reliable measurements; evidence that meet the consider limitations on the goals of the precision of the data (e.g., number investigation. of trials, cost, risk, time); and
3. Planning and Carrying Out Investigations Scientists and engineers plan and carry out investigations in the field or laboratory, working collaboratively as well as individually. Their investigations are systematic and require clarifying what counts as data and identifying variables or parameters. Engineering investigations identify the effectiveness, efficiency, and durability of designs under different conditions. Planning and carrying out investigations to answer questions or test solutions to problems in pre-K–2 builds on prior experiences and progresses to simple investigations, based on fair tests, which provide data to support explanations or design solutions. Planning and carrying out investigations to answer questions or test solutions to problems in 3–5 builds on pre-K–2 experiences and progresses to include investigations that control variables and provide evidence to support explanations or design solutions. Planning and carrying out investigations in 6–8 builds on pre-K–5 experiences and progresses to include investigations that use multiple variables and provide evidence to support explanations or solutions. Planning and carrying out investigations in 9–12 builds on experiences and progresses to include investigations that provide evidence for and test conceptual, mathematical, physical, and empirical models. With guidance, plan and conduct an investigation in collaboration with peers (for K). Plan and conduct an investigation collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence to answer a question. Plan and conduct an investigation collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, using fair tests in which variables are controlled and the number of trials considered. Plan an investigation individually and collaboratively, and in the design identify independent and dependent variables and controls, what tools are needed to do the gathering, how measurements will be recorded, and how many data are needed to support a claim. Conduct an investigation and/or evaluate and/or revise the experimental design to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence that meet the goals of the investigation. Plan an investigation or test a design individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence as part of building and revising models, supporting explanations for phenomena, or testing solutions to problems. Consider possible confounding variables or effects and evaluate the investigation’s design to ensure that variables are controlled. Plan and conduct an investigation individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, and in the design decide on the types, quantity, and accuracy of data needed to produce reliable measurements; consider limitations on the precision of the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, time); and