Table 3: Exposure to Violence and Redemption Date by Treatment, IV Models Treatment Immediate Delayed Immediate Delayed (1) (2) (3) (4) Direct exposure to violence? -2.02 0.83 -2.16* -0.38 (1.29) (7.93) (1.26) (2.34) Male? -0.68* -0.13 (0.34) (0.22) Children? 0.01 0.27 (0.37) (0.32) Employed currently? 0.01 -0.09 (0.34) (0.34) Not afraid of risk (0-3 scale) 0.11 -0.05 (0.17) (0.16) Control over life (0-3 scale) 0.30** -0.04 (0.14) (0.12) Property damage? 0.77* 0.52 (0.42) (0.41) Constant 3.04*** 3.07*** (0.68) (1.01) First Stage Relevance Test (1) = (1) = (1) = (1) = χ2 χ2 χ2 χ2 7.79 0.10 8.34 0.98 0.01 0.76 0.01 0.32 p = p = p = p = Study Day Fixed Effects? N N Y Y Observations 136 121 128 120 *p 0.10, **p 0.05, ***p 0.01. < < < Standard errors are calculated using finite-sample distributions.
Table 3: Exposure to Violence and Redemption Date by Treatment, IV Models Treatment Immediate Delayed Immediate Delayed (1) (2) (3) (4) Direct exposure to violence? -2.02 (1.29) 0.83 (7.93) -2.16* (1.26) -0.38 (2.34) Male? -0.68* (0.34) -0.13 (0.22) Children? 0.01 (0.37) 0.27 (0.32) Employed currently? 0.01 (0.34) -0.09 (0.34) Not afraid of risk (0-3 scale) 0.11 (0.17) -0.05 (0.16) Control over life (0-3 scale) 0.30** (0.14) -0.04 (0.12) Property damage? 0.77* (0.42) 0.52 (0.41) Constant 3.04*** (0.68) 3.07*** (1.01) First Stage Relevance Test χ2 (1) = 7.79 p = 0.01 χ2 (1) = 0.10 p = 0.76 χ2 (1) = 8.34 p = 0.01 χ2 (1) = 0.98 p = 0.32 Study Day Fixed Effects? N N Y Y Observations 136 121 128 120 *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. Standard errors are calculated using finite-sample distributions.