Creoles People of Spanish descent who were born in the Americas Mestizos People of mixed European and Native American ancestry Maroon Colonies Colonies established by runaway slaves Independence Movements Revolutionary Country (ies) Description Toussant Haiti First free country in Latin America. Former slave led a revolt against the L’Ouverture French. died in a French L’Ouverture prison. Simon Bolivar Venezuela, Columbia, & Bolivar, a Creole from Venezuela, was Panama known as “the Liberator.” He had Ecuador & Peru w/San Haitian help and promised to free Martin slaves. Bolivia named after Bolivar. Jose de San Argentina San Martin was an Argentinean Creole Martin Chile who had served in Spanish army. Left w/Bernardo O’Higgins Ecuador & Peru w/Bolivar Ecuador & Peru to Bolivar Miguel Mexico Hidalgo was a priest who led an army of Hidalgo (Independence came later) Mestizos and native Americans. He was shot by a royalist firing squad. Dom Pedro Brazil Portuguese prince who declared independence, but later gave power to his son and went into exile. Mexico Most Common Mostly Mestizo (60 Native American groups also) Ethnic Group Mexican 1 million died in 11 year struggle (1910-1921) that toppled dictator Revolution Porfirio Diaz. Land was redistributed, workers given rights, power of church limited NAFTA & Its North American Free Trade Agreement between US, Canada, and Members Mexico Brazil Most Common Amazon Rainforest Landform Ethnic Groups Black, European (Portuguese & others), Japanese (largest population outside of Japan), and Native American Brazilian Economic turnaround. Development of new industries, hydroelectric Miracle power, and gasohol (sugarcane) Current Energy Self-reliant Status
Creoles People of Spanish descent who were born in the Americas Mestizos People of mixed European and Native American ancestry Maroon Colonies Colonies established by runaway slaves Independence Movements Revolutionary Country (ies) Description Toussant L’Ouverture Haiti First free country in Latin America. Former slave led a revolt against the French. L’Ouverture died in a French prison. Simon Bolivar Venezuela, Columbia, & Panama Ecuador & Peru w/San Martin Bolivar, a Creole from Venezuela, was known as “the Liberator.” He had Haitian help and promised to free slaves. Bolivia named after Bolivar. Jose de San Martin Argentina Chile w/Bernardo O’Higgins Ecuador & Peru w/Bolivar San Martin was an Argentinean Creole who had served in Spanish army. Left Ecuador & Peru to Bolivar Miguel Hidalgo Mexico (Independence came later) Hidalgo was a priest who led an army of Mestizos and native Americans. He was shot by a royalist firing squad. Dom Pedro Brazil Portuguese prince who declared independence, but later gave power to his son and went into exile. Mexico Most Common Ethnic Group Mostly Mestizo (60 Native American groups also) Mexican Revolution 1 million died in 11 year struggle (1910-1921) that toppled dictator Porfirio Diaz. Land was redistributed, workers given rights, power of church limited NAFTA & Its Members North American Free Trade Agreement between US, Canada, and Mexico Brazil Most Common Landform Amazon Rainforest Ethnic Groups Black, European (Portuguese & others), Japanese (largest population outside of Japan), and Native American Brazilian Miracle Economic turnaround. Development of new industries, hydroelectric power, and gasohol (sugarcane) Current Energy Status Self-reliant