The ratio of Numerator: Exclusion criteria: Not Risk adjustments are How reported: the observed Daycases classpat = 2 in the specified made for: Hospital All spells with method of Reported as standardised ratios for number of first episode) Sex standardised discharge as death Trusts (147) (observed / expected). hospital Age on admission (in mortality ratio (DISMETH=4), defined by a The is calculated by dividing the – deaths to the five year bands up to fracture neck of specific diagnosis code for the actual number of deaths by the expected 90+) femur. primary diagnosis of the spell. expected number and multiplying number of Admission method the figure by 100. Denominator: deaths, (non-elective or Interpretation: multiplied by elective) Expected number of 100. Socio-economic deaths derived from It is expressed as a relative risk, deprivation quintile logistic regression. a risk rating of 100 represents the of the area of national average. If the trust has an residence of the HSMR of 100, that means that the patient (based on number of patients who died is the Carstairs Index) exactly as it would be expected Primary diagnosis taking into account the (based on the standardisation factors. An HSMR Clinical Classification above 100 means more patients System - CCS group) died than would be expected; one Co-morbidities below 100 means that fewer than Number of previous expected died. emergency Control limits tell us the range of admissions values which are consistent with Year of discharge random or chance variation. Data (financial year) points falling within the control Palliative care limits are consistent with random or (whether the patient chance variation and are said to is being treated in display 'common-cause variation'; specialty of palliative for data points falling outside the care) control limits, chance is an unlikely explanation and hence they are said to display 'special-cause variation' - that is, where the trust's rate diverges significantly from the national rate.
Hospital standardised mortality ratio – fracture neck of femur. The ratio of the observed number of deaths to the expected number of deaths, multiplied by 100. Numerator: All spells with method of discharge as death (DISMETH=4), defined by a specific diagnosis code for the primary diagnosis of the spell. Denominator: Expected number of deaths derived from logistic regression. Exclusion criteria: Daycases classpat = 2 in the first episode) Not specified Risk adjustments are made for: Sex Age on admission (in five year bands up to 90+) Admission method (non-elective or elective) Socio-economic deprivation quintile of the area of residence of the patient (based on the Carstairs Index) Primary diagnosis (based on the Clinical Classification System - CCS group) Co-morbidities Number of previous emergency admissions Year of discharge (financial year) Palliative care (whether the patient is being treated in specialty of palliative care) How reported: Reported as standardised ratios for Trusts (147) (observed / expected). The is calculated by dividing the actual number of deaths by the expected number and multiplying the figure by 100. Interpretation: It is expressed as a relative risk, a risk rating of 100 represents the national average. If the trust has an HSMR of 100, that means that the number of patients who died is exactly as it would be expected taking into account the standardisation factors. An HSMR above 100 means more patients died than would be expected; one below 100 means that fewer than expected died. Control limits tell us the range of values which are consistent with random or chance variation. Data points falling within the control limits are consistent with random or chance variation and are said to display 'common-cause variation'; for data points falling outside the control limits, chance is an unlikely explanation and hence they are said to display 'special-cause variation' - that is, where the trust's rate diverges significantly from the national rate. hospital