systems. principle or design relationships among types based on merits and Measurements and solution. variables, including those limitations. observations are Develop and/or use that are not observable but used to revise models to describe predict observable models and designs. and/or predict phenomena. phenomena. Develop and/or use a model to predict and/or describe phenomena. Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. Develop a diagram or Develop and/or use a model Develop a complex model Develop a simple simple physical to generate data to test ideas that allows for manipulation model based on prototype to convey a about phenomena in natural and testing of a proposed evidence to represent proposed object, tool, or or designed systems, process or system. a proposed object or process. including those representing Develop and/or use a model tool. Use a model to test cause inputs and outputs, and (including mathematical and and effect relationships those at unobservable scales. computational) to generate or interactions data to support explanations, concerning the predict phenomena, analyze functioning of a natural systems, and/or solve or designed system. problems. Pre-K–2 Condensed 3–5 Condensed 6–8 Condensed Science and 9–12 Condensed Practices Engineering Practices Practices Practices Practices
systems. Measurements and observations are used to revise models and designs. principle or design solution. Develop and/or use models to describe and/or predict phenomena. relationships among variables, including those that are not observable but predict observable phenomena. Develop and/or use a model to predict and/or describe phenomena. Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. types based on merits and limitations. Develop a simple model based on evidence to represent a proposed object or tool. Develop a diagram or simple physical prototype to convey a proposed object, tool, or process. Use a model to test cause and effect relationships or interactions concerning the functioning of a natural or designed system. Develop and/or use a model to generate data to test ideas about phenomena in natural or designed systems, including those representing inputs and outputs, and those at unobservable scales. Develop a complex model that allows for manipulation and testing of a proposed process or system. Develop and/or use a model (including mathematical and computational) to generate data to support explanations, predict phenomena, analyze systems, and/or solve problems. Science and Engineering Practices Pre-K–2 Condensed Practices 3–5 Condensed Practices 6–8 Condensed Practices 9–12 Condensed Practices