cube in front of you. Look carefully. I want you to draw the cube. Draw exactly what you see. Draw the very best you All participants were able to complete their visual realism can.” drawings within the time limit. All participants were thanked for taking part in the study after each session. Scoring and Inter-rater Reliability Expressive drawing measures Each drawing was assessed using a comprehensive range of five measures of expression: overall quality, color, composition, line and content. These measurements were developed by two experienced female professional English artists specifically for this research in discussions facilitated by the research team. The first artist, holding a BA honours degree in fine art (painting), has exhibited her work in galleries in many English cities. She describes her style of painting as towards abstractive, with an emphasis on expressing emotion rather than ‘figurative The second artist, holding a BA and MA in fine art, has exhibited her work in galleries reality’. and other venues in England and France. She has also run many art workshops with children for over 20 years. She describes her own painting style as being idea-based and ‘semi-abstract, As the artistic styles of both raters leaned more towards expressive and experimental’. conceptual art rather than representation, they each had the appropriate expertise in judging expressive drawings. The artists were blind to the hypothesis of the study, and to the age, gender and artistic experience of the drawer. Furthermore, they were asked to rate the drawings on their expressive merit only, and not to take into account the expected ability based on any conjecture of the age of the drawer. For overall quality, color, composition and line separate 7-point scales for each measure were generated by the artists, in which detailed descriptions of each grade-point were formulated and written in a ratings booklet. For the overall quality of expression measure the artists were asked to consider the overall expressive impact of each drawing considering both the subject
cube in front of you. Look carefully. I want you to draw the cube. Draw exactly what you see. Draw the very best you can.” All participants were able to complete their visual realism drawings within the time limit. All participants were thanked for taking part in the study after each session. Scoring and Inter-rater Reliability Expressive drawing measures Each drawing was assessed using a comprehensive range of five measures of expression: overall quality, color, composition, line and content. These measurements were developed by two experienced female professional English artists specifically for this research in discussions facilitated by the research team. The first artist, holding a BA honours degree in fine art (painting), has exhibited her work in galleries in many English cities. She describes her style of painting as ‘figurative towards abstractive, with an emphasis on expressing emotion rather than reality’. The second artist, holding a BA and MA in fine art, has exhibited her work in galleries and other venues in England and France. She has also run many art workshops with children for over 20 years. She describes her own painting style as ‘semi-abstract, being idea-based and experimental’. As the artistic styles of both raters leaned more towards expressive and conceptual art rather than representation, they each had the appropriate expertise in judging expressive drawings. The artists were blind to the hypothesis of the study, and to the age, gender and artistic experience of the drawer. Furthermore, they were asked to rate the drawings on their expressive merit only, and not to take into account the expected ability based on any conjecture of the age of the drawer. For overall quality, color, composition and line separate 7-point scales for each measure were generated by the artists, in which detailed descriptions of each grade-point were formulated and written in a ratings booklet. For the overall quality of expression measure the artists were asked to consider the overall expressive impact of each drawing considering both the subject