Multi-national Large businesses, such as Sony, who have branches in several countries. companies (MNCs) The headquarters of MNCs are usually located in global cities. Multiplier effect An upward spiral of the economy and its benefits on employment. Newly Industrialised Countries, such as India, which have a growing middle class, a strong Country (NIC) manufacturing sector and rapid urban growth. Improvement projects carried out by ordinary people rather than by Self-help businesses or governments. Compare this to top-down development. Trade and Aid Financial support or the gift of food, clothing or other emergency support, that Bi-lateral aid is given directly from the government of one country to another. Help which is given to tackle poverty and improve quality of life over the long Development aid term to improve education or health care. Help that is given urgently after a natural disaster or a conflict to protect the Emergency aid lives of the survivors. Exports The sale of goods or services to another country. A deal in which workers in the producing country benefit from a reasonable Fair trade rate of pay and decent working conditions. When countries trade without any limits to the amount of goods that can be Free trade exported and imported. A tax placed on goods brought into a country to make them more expensive Import duty and protect local industries. See tariffs. Imports The purchase of goods from another country. Multi-lateral aid Funding that involves many donor countries. Restrictions on the amount of particular goods that can be imported each Quotas year. A payment that a country makes to its own farmers and businesses so that Subsidy their goods can be sold at a lower price to consumers. Tariffs A type of tax, or import duty, charged on goods as they enter a country. Trading partnerships arranged between a group of countries. The European Trade blocs Union is one example. Water resources
Multi-national companies (MNCs) Large businesses, such as Sony, who have branches in several countries. The headquarters of MNCs are usually located in global cities. Multiplier effect An upward spiral of the economy and its benefits on employment. Newly Industrialised Country (NIC) Countries, such as India, which have a growing middle class, a strong manufacturing sector and rapid urban growth. Self-help Improvement projects carried out by ordinary people rather than by businesses or governments. Compare this to top-down development. Trade and Aid Bi-lateral aid Financial support or the gift of food, clothing or other emergency support, that is given directly from the government of one country to another. Development aid Help which is given to tackle poverty and improve quality of life over the long term to improve education or health care. Emergency aid Help that is given urgently after a natural disaster or a conflict to protect the lives of the survivors. Exports The sale of goods or services to another country. Fair trade A deal in which workers in the producing country benefit from a reasonable rate of pay and decent working conditions. Free trade When countries trade without any limits to the amount of goods that can be exported and imported. Import duty A tax placed on goods brought into a country to make them more expensive and protect local industries. See tariffs. Imports The purchase of goods from another country. Multi-lateral aid Funding that involves many donor countries. Quotas Restrictions on the amount of particular goods that can be imported each year. Subsidy A payment that a country makes to its own farmers and businesses so that their goods can be sold at a lower price to consumers. Tariffs A type of tax, or import duty, charged on goods as they enter a country. Trade blocs Trading partnerships arranged between a group of countries. The European Union is one example. Water resources