prenatal care and treatment for their alcohol and other drug problems.” American Nurses Association, Position Statement on Opposition to Criminal Prosecution of Women for Use of Drugs While Pregnant and Support for Treatment Services for Alcohol and Drug Dependent Women of (Apr. 5, 1991). Childbearing Age. prosecution of chemically dependent women will have the overall result of deterring such “Criminal women from seeking both prenatal care and chemical dependency treatment, thereby increasing, rather than preventing harm to children and to society as a whole.” American Society of Addiction Medicine, A.S.A.M. 49 (Sept. Policy Statement on Chemically Dependent Women and Pregnancy, 1989). approaches to drug addiction may be harmful to pregnant women because they interfere “Punitive with access to appropriate health care. Fear of punishment may cause women most in need of prenatal services to avoid health care professionals.” March of Dimes, Statement on Maternal Drug (1990). Abuse 1 The APA states, of prosecuting pregnant and/or postpartum women who have used either “policies alcohol or illegal substances during pregnancy, on grounds of child abuse’ [and their] ‘prenatal subsequent incarceration, either in jails, prisons or in locked psychiatric unit both deprives the mother of her liberty and seriously disrupts the incipient or nascent maternal-infant bond . . . Such policies are likely to deter pregnant addicts from seeking wither prenatal care or addiction treatment, because of fear of prosecution and/or civil commitment.” American Psychiatric Association, Care of Pregnant Position Statement, APA Document Reference No. 200101, and Newly Delivered Women Addicts, (Mar. 2001). Resolves that the APA its view that alcohol and drug by pregnant women is a public “[a]ffirms health problem and that laws, regulations and policies that treat chemical dependency primarily as a criminal justice matter requiring punitive sanctions are inappropriate.” Further the use of “[a]ffirms health care strategies to foster the welfare of chemically dependent women and their children by expanding access to prenatal care and to reproductive health care generally.” American Psychological Association, (Aug. 1991). Resolution on Substance Abuse by Pregnant Women, NPA opposes criminal prosecution of women solely because they are pregnant when they used “The alcohol or drugs . . . No evidence exists to show that [prosecution] either prevents prenatal drug or
prenatal care and treatment for their alcohol and other drug problems.” American Nurses Association, Position Statement on Opposition to Criminal Prosecution of Women for Use of Drugs While Pregnant and Support for Treatment Services for Alcohol and Drug Dependent Women of Childbearing Age. (Apr. 5, 1991). “Criminal prosecution of chemically dependent women will have the overall result of deterring such women from seeking both prenatal care and chemical dependency treatment, thereby increasing, rather than preventing harm to children and to society as a whole.” American Society of Addiction Medicine, Policy Statement on Chemically Dependent Women and Pregnancy, A.S.A.M. 49 (Sept. 1989). “Punitive approaches to drug addiction may be harmful to pregnant women because they interfere with access to appropriate health care. Fear of punishment may cause women most in need of prenatal services to avoid health care professionals.” March of Dimes, Statement on Maternal Drug Abuse 1 (1990). The APA states, “policies of prosecuting pregnant and/or postpartum women who have used either alcohol or illegal substances during pregnancy, on grounds of ‘prenatal child abuse’ [and their] subsequent incarceration, either in jails, prisons or in locked psychiatric unit both deprives the mother of her liberty and seriously disrupts the incipient or nascent maternal-infant bond . . . Such policies are likely to deter pregnant addicts from seeking wither prenatal care or addiction treatment, because of fear of prosecution and/or civil commitment.” American Psychiatric Association, Care of Pregnant and Newly Delivered Women Addicts, Position Statement, APA Document Reference No. 200101, (Mar. 2001). Resolves that the APA “[a]ffirms its view that alcohol and drug by pregnant women is a public health problem and that laws, regulations and policies that treat chemical dependency primarily as a criminal justice matter requiring punitive sanctions are inappropriate.” Further “[a]ffirms the use of health care strategies to foster the welfare of chemically dependent women and their children by expanding access to prenatal care and to reproductive health care generally.” American Psychological Association, Resolution on Substance Abuse by Pregnant Women, (Aug. 1991). “The NPA opposes criminal prosecution of women solely because they are pregnant when they used alcohol or drugs . . . No evidence exists to show that [prosecution] either prevents prenatal drug or