Infer Why is it important for doctors to consider the age and sex of a patient when diagnosing a 3. disorder? Procedure You will use your knowledge of hormones and the table provided to diagnose the patients described in four case studies. Column 2 in the table lists common complaints that a patient might make. Column 3 lists the results of tests that a doctor could order to confirm or rule out an initial diagnosis. Most lab tests involve chemical analysis of blood or urine samples. If you do not recall the functions of any hormones mentioned in the table, look up this information in your textbook. Endocrine Disorders Lab Test Results Disorder Symptoms High potassium and low sodium Fatigue, muscle weakness, levels in blood; high ACTH level in weight loss, increased pigment Addison’s Disease blood, low cortisol level in blood in the skin Muscle weakness, backache, High levels of cortisol in blood anxiety, depression, extra fat deposits on the back of the Cushing’s Syndrome neck and upper back, irregular menstrual cycle in females No glucose in urine, normal Frequent urination, excessive glucose level in blood, low ADH Diabetes Insipidus thirst level in blood High calcium levels in blood; high Excessive thirst, weakened or parathyroid hormone levels in Hyperparathyroidism broken bones, fatigue, nausea blood Nervousness, elevated body High thyroxine level in blood, low temperature, excessive TSH level in blood Hyperthyroidism sweating, rapid heart rate, weight loss, irregular menstrual cycle in females Muscle weakness, fatigue, Low thyroxine level in blood, high weight gain, depression, slow TSH level in blood Hypothyroidism heart rate, low body temperature and intolerance of cold Glucose present in urine, elevated Type I Diabetes Frequent urination, excessive blood glucose, islet cell antibody in Mellitus thirst, weight loss blood Glucose present in urine, elevated Type II Diabetes Frequent urination, excessive blood glucose, no islet cell Mellitus thirst antibodies in blood
3. Infer Why is it important for doctors to consider the age and sex of a patient when diagnosing a disorder? Procedure You will use your knowledge of hormones and the table provided to diagnose the patients described in four case studies. Column 2 in the table lists common complaints that a patient might make. Column 3 lists the results of tests that a doctor could order to confirm or rule out an initial diagnosis. Most lab tests involve chemical analysis of blood or urine samples. If you do not recall the functions of any hormones mentioned in the table, look up this information in your textbook. Endocrine Disorders Disorder Symptoms Lab Test Results Addison’s Disease Fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, increased pigment in the skin High potassium and low sodium levels in blood; high ACTH level in blood, low cortisol level in blood Cushing’s Syndrome Muscle weakness, backache, anxiety, depression, extra fat deposits on the back of the neck and upper back, irregular menstrual cycle in females High levels of cortisol in blood Diabetes Insipidus Frequent urination, excessive thirst No glucose in urine, normal glucose level in blood, low ADH level in blood Hyperparathyroidism Excessive thirst, weakened or broken bones, fatigue, nausea High calcium levels in blood; high parathyroid hormone levels in blood Hyperthyroidism Nervousness, elevated body temperature, excessive sweating, rapid heart rate, weight loss, irregular menstrual cycle in females High thyroxine level in blood, low TSH level in blood Hypothyroidism Muscle weakness, fatigue, weight gain, depression, slow heart rate, low body temperature and intolerance of cold Low thyroxine level in blood, high TSH level in blood Type I Diabetes Mellitus Frequent urination, excessive thirst, weight loss Glucose present in urine, elevated blood glucose, islet cell antibody in blood Type II Diabetes Mellitus Frequent urination, excessive thirst Glucose present in urine, elevated blood glucose, no islet cell antibodies in blood