Table 4 summarizes means, standard deviations and statistical significance for the per protocol analyses. Speech production accuracy Percentage of consonants correct on the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and DEAP data for true controls and true PFSS is summarized Phonology (DEAP, Dodd et al., 2002). in Table 4. Analysis using an ANOVA for a 2 by 3 mixed design for these data gives the same statistical conclusions as the randomized groups analysis. That is, a statistically significant change in mean PCC on the Phonology subtest of the DEAP between the Stages (p < .001, = .324), and a statistically significant average difference between the two Groups (p = .003, = .135), but with a non-significant interaction between Stage and Group (p = .916, = .001). Analysis of the per protocol subset Primary intervention target phonological probes. indicates statistically significant change in between the Stages (p < .001, = .283), but with no average significant difference between the two Groups (p = .286, = .019), and any changes in means were not group dependent (p = .614, = .008) (see Table 4). In the per protocol analysis, Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS, McLeod et al., 2012a). average mean ICS did not significantly differ between the two Groups (p = .372, = .047), did not significantly differ between the three Stages (p = .243, = .008), and differences between groups did not significantly change between the Stages (p = .996, < .001). Emergent literacy skills Three emergent literacy measures were collected once before intervention (stage 3), and at least once post intervention (stages 5 and/or 6) to consider outcomes over time (Table 4), as noted in the intention-to-treat section.
Table 4 summarizes means, standard deviations and statistical significance for the per protocol analyses. Speech production accuracy Percentage of consonants correct on the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP, Dodd et al., 2002). DEAP data for true controls and true PFSS is summarized in Table 4. Analysis using an ANOVA for a 2 by 3 mixed design for these data gives the same statistical conclusions as the randomized groups analysis. That is, a statistically significant change in mean PCC on the Phonology subtest of the DEAP between the Stages (p < .001, = .324), and a statistically significant average difference between the two Groups (p = .003, = .135), but with a non-significant interaction between Stage and Group (p = .916, = .001). Primary intervention target phonological probes. Analysis of the per protocol subset indicates statistically significant change in between the Stages (p < .001, = .283), but with no average significant difference between the two Groups (p = .286, = .019), and any changes in means were not group dependent (p = .614, = .008) (see Table 4). Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS, McLeod et al., 2012a). In the per protocol analysis, average mean ICS did not significantly differ between the two Groups (p = .372, = .047), did not significantly differ between the three Stages (p = .243, = .008), and differences between groups did not significantly change between the Stages (p = .996, < .001). Emergent literacy skills Three emergent literacy measures were collected once before intervention (stage 3), and at least once post intervention (stages 5 and/or 6) to consider outcomes over time (Table 4), as noted in the intention-to-treat section.