p = sqrt(.24) q2 = .26 q = sqrt(.26) 2pq = 2[sqrt(.24)][sqrt(.26)] ~ .50 0.24 + 0.50 + 0.26 =1 Our results are overall consistent with our hypothesis. The allele and genotype frequencies remained mostly constant when all the conditions for the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were met; the mutations had the expected effects on the frequencies. Conclusions / Further Considerations: In this experiment we used beads of multiple colors to show that gene frequency remains constant over generations in the absence of variation in other factors; we know that this rarely happens; generally there are fluctuations in the frequencies over generations. Simulation of the Hardy-Weinberg principle shows us the importance of factors such as natural selection and mutations. In order to further explore the principle of Hardy-Weinberg, we could design more cases with mutations and manipulate the rates of survival and reproduction for the alleles. We could introduce disruptions to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, such as immigration, emigration, non-random mating, and sex-linked genes in order to demonstrate the fluctuation of allele frequencies in nature, and further expand on the validity of the Hardy-Weinberg principle. This experiment has demonstrated the influence that various selective pressures have on the frequency of alleles in populations, and has shown us the importance of predation, mutation, gene flow, and other factors that act on flourishing populations. With the understanding that genetic variation plays an important role in evolution, we can expand our experiment to test, which outside influences have the most effect on the adapting population. We could test the concept of relative fitness by having a negative bias towards a certain allele that we deem less suited for a selected environment, so as to mimic predation. ATTACHMENTS Figure 1 This is the control case for the experiment. There are no changes in allele frequencies, thus maintaining the Hardy Weinberg principle. Figure 2 This is the first case, in which the homozygous recessive alleles (ww) have a negative 33%, therefore there was only a 67% rate, and meanwhile the others had a 100% survival rate. The reason why Rw has a slight decrease is due to the fact that the available recessive alleles in the population were getting thrown out.
p = sqrt(.24) q2 = .26 q = sqrt(.26) 2pq = 2[sqrt(.24)][sqrt(.26)] ~ .50 0.24 + 0.50 + 0.26 =1 Our results are overall consistent with our hypothesis. The allele and genotype frequencies remained mostly constant when all the conditions for the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were met; the mutations had the expected effects on the frequencies. Conclusions / Further Considerations: In this experiment we used beads of multiple colors to show that gene frequency remains constant over generations in the absence of variation in other factors; we know that this rarely happens; generally there are fluctuations in the frequencies over generations. Simulation of the Hardy-Weinberg principle shows us the importance of factors such as natural selection and mutations. In order to further explore the principle of Hardy-Weinberg, we could design more cases with mutations and manipulate the rates of survival and reproduction for the alleles. We could introduce disruptions to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, such as immigration, emigration, non-random mating, and sex-linked genes in order to demonstrate the fluctuation of allele frequencies in nature, and further expand on the validity of the Hardy-Weinberg principle. This experiment has demonstrated the influence that various selective pressures have on the frequency of alleles in populations, and has shown us the importance of predation, mutation, gene flow, and other factors that act on flourishing populations. With the understanding that genetic variation plays an important role in evolution, we can expand our experiment to test, which outside influences have the most effect on the adapting population. We could test the concept of relative fitness by having a negative bias towards a certain allele that we deem less suited for a selected environment, so as to mimic predation. ATTACHMENTS Figure 1 This is the control case for the experiment. There are no changes in allele frequencies, thus maintaining the Hardy Weinberg principle. Figure 2 This is the first case, in which the homozygous recessive alleles (ww) have a negative 33%, therefore there was only a 67% rate, and meanwhile the others had a 100% survival rate. The reason why Rw has a slight decrease is due to the fact that the available recessive alleles in the population were getting thrown out.