were labelled as Avoidant/ Negative coping strategies. The second factor comprised Active Coping, Planning, Positive Reframing and Acceptance. The loadings varied within significant levels (r= 0.447- 0.887). It was labelled as Positive/Adequate coping in keeping with Heydecke and colleagues (2004) study. The third factor had Self-Blame items alone with a highly significant loading (r= 0.849 and 0.945). Table 59. Factor structure of Brief COPE at T1 after factor reduction Factor Coping strategies/ item no. 1 2 3 4 .554 .321 .147 1 -.189 Active coping .678 .121 .165 2 -.108 .718 .160 .168 3 -.010 Planning .697 .137 .213 4 .126 .554 .236 .167 5 -.012 Positive Reframing .462 .142 .177 6 .088 .473 .004 .089 7 .079 Acceptance .447 -.132 .077 8 .096 .036 .019 .087 9 .402 Humour .409 .046 .046 .078 10 .214 .221 .126 .861 11 Religion .292 .222 .082 .956 12 .288 .292 -.096 .310 13 Emotional .267 .296 -.200 .237 14 .354 .291 -.074 .151 15 Instrumental .370 .217 .027 .165 16 .454 .221 .068 .245 17 Self-distraction .508 .178 .124 .388 18 .657 .063 -.052 .274 19 Denial .675 .094 -.040 .261 20 .128 .225 .331 .270 21 Venting .603 .091 -.007 .238 22 .470 -.058 .080 .046 23 Substance misuse .462 -.133 .092 .061 24 .499 -.107 .095 .105 25 Behavioural disengagement .527 -.072 .074 .115 26 .945 .124 .137 .122 27 Self-blame .105 .211 .849 .145 28
were labelled as Avoidant/ Negative coping strategies. The second factor comprised Active Coping, Planning, Positive Reframing and Acceptance. The loadings varied within significant levels (r= 0.447- 0.887). It was labelled as Positive/Adequate coping in keeping with Heydecke and colleagues (2004) study. The third factor had Self-Blame items alone with a highly significant loading (r= 0.849 and 0.945). Table 59. Factor structure of Brief COPE at T1 after factor reduction Coping strategies/ item no. Factor 1 2 3 4 Active coping 1 -.189 .554 .321 .147 2 -.108 .678 .121 .165 Planning 3 -.010 .718 .160 .168 4 .126 .697 .137 .213 Positive Reframing 5 -.012 .554 .236 .167 6 .088 .462 .142 .177 Acceptance 7 .079 .473 .004 .089 8 .096 .447 -.132 .077 Humour 9 .402 .036 .019 .087 10 .409 .046 .046 .078 Religion 11 .214 .221 .126 .861 12 .292 .222 .082 .956 Emotional 13 .288 .292 -.096 .310 14 .267 .296 -.200 .237 Instrumental 15 .354 .291 -.074 .151 16 .370 .217 .027 .165 Self-distraction 17 .454 .221 .068 .245 18 .508 .178 .124 .388 Denial 19 .657 .063 -.052 .274 20 .675 .094 -.040 .261 Venting 21 .128 .225 .331 .270 22 .603 .091 -.007 .238 Substance misuse 23 .470 -.058 .080 .046 24 .462 -.133 .092 .061 Behavioural disengagement 25 .499 -.107 .095 .105 26 .527 -.072 .074 .115 Self-blame 27 .124 .137 .945 .122 28 .105 .211 .849 .145