They differ from words by the absence of inflexions in their structure, they can be used only in the structure of words. Stems, the same as words, can be simple, derived, compound and compound-derived. Stems that coincide with roots are known as simple stems, e. g. Stems trees, reads, etc. that include one or more affixes are called derived stems, e. g. etc. Binary stems comprising two governments, teacher’s, simple or derived stems are called compound stems, e. g. ex- etc. Compound-derived stems consist of schoolboy, two or more root morphemes, one or more affixes and an inflexion, e. g. middle-of-the-roaders, job-hopper. b) Structurally morphemes can be divided into three types: free morphemes, bound morphemes, semi-free morphemes (see Table 1). A free morpheme is defined as one that coincides with the stem or a word-form. Root-morphemes are free morphemes, for instance, the root-morpheme of the friend – noun is naturally qualified as a free morpheme friendship because it coincides with one of the forms of the noun friend. A bound morpheme occurs only as a constituent part of a word. Affixes are, naturally, bound morphemes, for they always make part of a word, e. g. the suffixes -ness, -ship, -ise etc., the prefixes (e. (-ize), un-, dis-, de-, etc. g. readiness, comradeship, to activise; unnatural, to displease, to decipher, etc.). Bound morphemes can be further subdivided into derivational or inflectional. morphemes, when combined with a root, change either the semantic meaning or of the affected word. For instance, in the word the addition of the happiness, bound morpheme to the root changes the word -ness happy from an adjective (happy) to a (happiness). In the word functions as a derivational morpheme, for it inverts unkind, un- the meaning of the word formed by the root kind. Many root-morphemes also belong to the class of
They differ from words by the absence of inflexions in their structure, they can be used only in the structure of words. Stems, the same as words, can be simple, derived, compound and compound-derived. Stems that coincide with roots are known as simple stems, e. g. trees, reads, etc. Stems that include one or more affixes are called derived stems, e. g. governments, teacher’s, etc. Binary stems comprising two simple or derived stems are called compound stems, e. g. schoolboy, etc. Compound-derived stems consist of two or more root morphemes, one or more affixes and an inflexion, e. g. middle-of-the-roaders, job-hopper. b) Structurally morphemes can be divided into three types: free morphemes, bound morphemes, semi-free morphemes (see Table 1). A free morpheme is defined as one that coincides with the stem or a word-form. Root-morphemes are free morphemes, for instance, the root-morpheme friend – of the noun friendship is naturally qualified as a free morpheme because it coincides with one of the forms of the noun friend. A bound morpheme occurs only as a constituent part of a word. Affixes are, naturally, bound morphemes, for they always make part of a word, e. g. the suffixes -ness, -ship, -ise (-ize), etc., the prefixes un-, dis-, de-, etc. (e. g. readiness, comradeship, to activise; unnatural, to displease, to decipher, etc.). Bound morphemes can be further subdivided into derivational or inflectional. morphemes, when combined with a root, change either the semantic meaning or of the affected word. For instance, in the word happiness, the addition of the bound morpheme -ness to the root happy changes the word from an adjective (happy) to a (happiness). In the word unkind, un- functions as a derivational morpheme, for it inverts the meaning of the word formed by the root kind. Many root-morphemes also belong to the class of ex-