Identify the evidence Apply scientific reasoning Apply scientific reasoning, that supports to show why the data or theory, and/or models to link particular points in an evidence is adequate for evidence to the claims to explanation. the explanation or assess the extent to which the conclusion. reasoning and data support the explanation or conclusion. Use tools and/or Apply scientific ideas Apply scientific ideas or Design, evaluate, and/or refine materials to design to solve design principles to design, a solution to a complex and/or build a device problems. construct, and/or test a problem, based on that solves a specific Generate and design of an object, tool, scientific knowledge, problem. compare multiple process, or system. sources of evidence, Generate and/or solutions to a problem Undertake a design project, prioritized criteria, and compare multiple based on how well engaging in the design tradeoff considerations. solutions to a they meet the criteria cycle, to construct and/or problem. and constraints of the implement a solution that design solution. meets specific design criteria and constraints. Optimize performance of a design by prioritizing criteria, making tradeoffs, testing, revising, and Science and Pre-K–2 Condensed 3–5 Condensed 6–8 Condensed 9–12 Condensed Engineering Practices Practices Practices Practices Practices Engaging in argument Engaging in argument Engaging in argument from Engaging in argument from 7. Engaging in Argument from evidence in pre-K–2 from evidence in 3–5 evidence in 6–8 builds on evidence in 9–12 builds on from Evidence builds on prior builds on pre-K–2 pre-K–5 experiences and pre-K–8 experiences and experiences and experiences and progresses to constructing a progresses to using Argumentation is the progresses to comparing progresses to critiquing convincing argument that appropriate and sufficient process by which ideas and the scientific supports or refutes claims evidence and scientific conclusions and representations about explanations or solutions for either explanations or reasoning to defend and solutions are reached. the natural and designed proposed by peers by solutions about the natural critique claims and worlds. citing relevant evidence and designed worlds. explanations about the natural
Identify the evidence that supports particular points in an explanation. Apply scientific reasoning to show why the data or evidence is adequate for the explanation or conclusion. Apply scientific reasoning, theory, and/or models to link evidence to the claims to assess the extent to which the reasoning and data support the explanation or conclusion. Use tools and/or materials to design and/or build a device that solves a specific problem. Generate and/or compare multiple solutions to a problem. Apply scientific ideas to solve design problems. Generate and compare multiple solutions to a problem based on how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the design solution. Apply scientific ideas or principles to design, construct, and/or test a design of an object, tool, process, or system. Undertake a design project, engaging in the design cycle, to construct and/or implement a solution that meets specific design criteria and constraints. Optimize performance of a design by prioritizing criteria, making tradeoffs, testing, revising, and Design, evaluate, and/or refine a solution to a complex problem, based on scientific knowledge, sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations. Science and Engineering Practices Pre-K–2 Condensed Practices 3–5 Condensed Practices 6–8 Condensed Practices 9–12 Condensed Practices 7. Engaging in Argument from Evidence Argumentation is the process by which conclusions and solutions are reached. Engaging in argument from evidence in pre-K–2 builds on prior experiences and progresses to comparing ideas and representations about the natural and designed worlds. Engaging in argument from evidence in 3–5 builds on pre-K–2 experiences and progresses to critiquing the scientific explanations or solutions proposed by peers by citing relevant evidence Engaging in argument from evidence in 6–8 builds on pre-K–5 experiences and progresses to constructing a convincing argument that supports or refutes claims for either explanations or solutions about the natural and designed worlds. Engaging in argument from evidence in 9–12 builds on pre-K–8 experiences and progresses to using appropriate and sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend and critique claims and explanations about the natural