Mortimer 2013 C/E analysis Australia Healthcare Primary care Patients with Active Standard Cost per X-ray based on a acute LBP implementation implementation avoided RCT of the AAMPGG of AAMPGG guidelines guidelines Kim 2011 C/E analysis Canada Healthcare Hospital Outpatients Triage program Usual care (MRI, ICER based on outpatients with based on 2001 CT and/or X-ray) prospective Ontario cohort study back pain guidelines (± referred to a ± MRI) surgical practice Incremental Jensen 2010 Cost analysis Denmark Healthcare Public Adults with Routine MRI Needs-based MRI cost based on a outpatient LBP or leg pain Incremental comparison clinic rated at least 3 duration of of two on an 11-point treatment numeric rating cohorts scale of 2-12 months duration Gilbert 2004 C/E analysis UK Healthcare Specialist care Symptomatic Early MRI/CT Delayed MRI/CT ICER based on a lumbar spine (no imaging RCT disorder with unless clinical clinical indication uncertainty subsequently about need for developed) imaging Incremental Jarvik 2003 Cost analysis US Healthcare Primary care LBP ± radiating Rapid MRI X-ray cost based on a leg pain Incremental
Mortimer 2013 C/E analysis based on a RCT Australia Healthcare Primary care Patients with acute LBP Active implementation of the AAMPGG guidelines Standard implementation of AAMPGG guidelines Cost per X-ray avoided Kim 2011 C/E analysis based on prospective cohort study Canada Healthcare Hospital outpatients Outpatients with back pain referred to a surgical practice Triage program based on 2001 Ontario guidelines (± ± MRI) Usual care (MRI, CT and/or X-ray) ICER Jensen 2010 Cost analysis based on a comparison of two cohorts Denmark Healthcare Public outpatient clinic Adults with LBP or leg pain rated at least 3 on an 11-point numeric rating scale of 2-12 months duration Routine MRI Needs-based MRI Incremental cost Incremental duration of treatment Gilbert 2004 C/E analysis based on a RCT UK Healthcare Specialist care Symptomatic lumbar spine disorder with clinical uncertainty about need for imaging Early MRI/CT Delayed MRI/CT (no imaging unless clinical indication subsequently developed) ICER Jarvik 2003 Cost analysis based on a US Healthcare Primary care LBP ± radiating leg pain Rapid MRI X-ray Incremental cost Incremental