at the time of the study, having been requested to withdraw from any analgesic medication for the purpose of the study. Experimental protocol Questionnaires were posted to participants to fill out two weeks prior to the experimental session. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, (Zigmond and Snaith 1983)) was used to assess mood symptoms. It is composed of statements relating to anxiety or depression. The Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS, (Sullivan et al 1995)) was used as a measure of pain-related psychological coping. On the day of the experiment, tender point (TP) examinations were first carried out by a trained research nurse, and scored using the Manual Tender Point Survey according to a published methodology (Okifuji et al 1997). Due to the lack of availability of a research nurse on the day, tender points were examined in only 8 out of the 15 healthy volunteers and 14 out of the 16 OA patients, while all 16 FM patients were examined. Clinical pain levels was measured using a 0 general, how severe is your pain?”) (“In – 10 visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from to Pain “no pain” “very severe”. was also assessed much does the pain interfere with your interference (“How life?”) using a VAS ranging from at to volunteers completed “not all” “completely”. Healthy these scales as well as patients. Neural responses to acute pain
at the time of the study, having been requested to withdraw from any analgesic medication for the purpose of the study. Experimental protocol Questionnaires were posted to participants to fill out two weeks prior to the experimental session. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, (Zigmond and Snaith 1983)) was used to assess mood symptoms. It is composed of statements relating to anxiety or depression. The Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS, (Sullivan et al 1995)) was used as a measure of pain-related psychological coping. On the day of the experiment, tender point (TP) examinations were first carried out by a trained research nurse, and scored using the Manual Tender Point Survey according to a published methodology (Okifuji et al 1997). Due to the lack of availability of a research nurse on the day, tender points were examined in only 8 out of the 15 healthy volunteers and 14 out of the 16 OA patients, while all 16 FM patients were examined. Clinical pain levels (“In general, how severe is your pain?”) was measured using a 0 – 10 visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from “no pain” to “very severe”. Pain interference (“How much does the pain interfere with your life?”) was also assessed using a VAS ranging from “not at all” to “completely”. Healthy volunteers completed these scales as well as patients. Neural responses to acute pain