tests. Figure 5-3 (b) shows the flat sample machined from EN-GJL-250 material. The is one of the most widely used ferrous materials for manufacture of automotive engine cylinder liners. Figure 53: Pictorial view of (a) ball with rigid holder and (b) flat friction coupon. All dimensions in mm. Table 51: Material properties of the ball and flat samples Property Ball Sample Flat Sample Name AISI 52100 EN-GJL-250 Manufacture As-supplied Machined, Ground and Polished Surface roughness Mirror-finish Test position and motion Upper and reciprocating Lower and stationary Dimensions, mm Radius, 3 L x B x H = 66 x 25 x 4 modulus, GPa 210 92.3 Young’s Hardness (range), Hv 700-900 224-271 Tensile strength, MPa 2240 250 ratio 0.3 0.211 Poisson’s This is understandably due to its lower cost compared to other Fe-based automotive materials and an array of desired operational advantages. These qualities include []: thermal conductivity, vibration damping, wear resistance and mechanical property. The machined flat samples were ground and polished to an average surface roughness, less than 0.30. Grinding and polishing reduce machining effects on the surface such as flaws, l6ay and texture. The Lubricants: Rapeseed Oil and Mineral Oil The lubricants used are rapeseed oil as a biolubricant and mineral oil. The rapeseed oil is selected due to its availability in the UK. Also, the plain biolubricant is tested without any other additive to show the lubricating mechanisms of the NPs. Typical mid-market fully formulated engine oil is selected as control for this investigation. Its properties as presented by the manufacturer are shown in Table 5-2. Rapeseed oil is commercially abundant and has been proposed as alternative base oil for automotive crankcase lubricant []. Typical lubrication properties of unmodified rapeseed oil as presented by [] and [] are as shown in Table 5-3. The extra virgin cold pressed rapeseed oil was selected and procured for this investigation.
tests. Figure 5-3 (b) shows the flat sample machined from EN-GJL-250 material. The is one of the most widely used ferrous materials for manufacture of automotive engine cylinder liners. Figure 53: Pictorial view of (a) ball with rigid holder and (b) flat friction coupon. All dimensions in mm. Table 51: Material properties of the ball and flat samples Property Ball Sample Flat Sample Name AISI 52100 EN-GJL-250 Manufacture As-supplied Machined, Ground and Polished Surface roughness Mirror-finish Test position and motion Upper and reciprocating Lower and stationary Dimensions, mm Radius, 3 L x B x H = 66 x 25 x 4 Young’s modulus, GPa 210 92.3 Hardness (range), Hv 700-900 224-271 Tensile strength, MPa 2240 250 Poisson’s ratio 0.3 0.211 This is understandably due to its lower cost compared to other Fe-based automotive materials and an array of desired operational advantages. These qualities include []: thermal conductivity, vibration damping, wear resistance and mechanical property. The machined flat samples were ground and polished to an average surface roughness, less than 0.30. Grinding and polishing reduce machining effects on the surface such as flaws, l6ay and texture. The Lubricants: Rapeseed Oil and Mineral Oil The lubricants used are rapeseed oil as a biolubricant and mineral oil. The rapeseed oil is selected due to its availability in the UK. Also, the plain biolubricant is tested without any other additive to show the lubricating mechanisms of the NPs. Typical mid-market fully formulated engine oil is selected as control for this investigation. Its properties as presented by the manufacturer are shown in Table 5-2. Rapeseed oil is commercially abundant and has been proposed as alternative base oil for automotive crankcase lubricant []. Typical lubrication properties of unmodified rapeseed oil as presented by [] and [] are as shown in Table 5-3. The extra virgin cold pressed rapeseed oil was selected and procured for this investigation.