Consonant stimulabilitya Number of English 123 22.3 (1.8) 22.0 (1.9) .338 consonants /24 Phonological awareness CTOPP-2 122 89.0 (11.5) 87.4 (10.4) .432 composite scorea phonological awareness composite score Nonverbal IQa raw score 123 22.4 (8.8) 22.0 (8.9) .788 Receptive vocabularya PPVT raw score 123 68.1 (18.3) 71.5 (19.2) .309 Note. (SD), (%); IRSAD, Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage; DEAP, Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and aM bn Phonology (Dodd et al., 2002); CTOPP-2, Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing 2 (Wagner et al., 2013); PTONI, – Primary Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (Ehrler & McGhee, 2008); PPVT, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Dunn & Dunn, 1997). 3. Outcomes of the Intervention and Control Groups in the Sound Start Study: Intention to Treat (Complete Cases) Measure Group Valid Stage 2/3 Stage 5 Stage 6 Effect F p n (SD) (SD) (SD) M M M Speech Production Percentage of DEAP Intervention 59 69.25 (9.13) 75.40 (10.27) 76.06 (9.99) Stage 42.36 <.001 .287 consonants correct Control 48 64.34 (11.74) 69.77 (12.97) 71.14 (12.78) Group 6.98 .009 .062 Interaction 0.14 .874 .001 Primary intervention Sound Start Intervention 59 71.27 (25.7) 47.14 (38.1) 43.28 (36.0) 48.79 <.001 .319 target probes Study probes Control 47 73.30 (28.4) 57.41 (36.5) 48.19 (36.2) Group 0.99 .322 .009 Interaction 1.12 .329 .011 Intelligibility Intervention ICS 30 3.75 (0.36) 3.95 (0.39) 3.97 (0.45) Stage 4.14 .019 .094
Consonant stimulabilitya Number of English consonants /24 123 22.3 (1.8) 22.0 (1.9) .338 Phonological awareness composite scorea CTOPP-2 phonological awareness composite score 122 89.0 (11.5) 87.4 (10.4) .432 Nonverbal IQa raw score 123 22.4 (8.8) 22.0 (8.9) .788 Receptive vocabularya PPVT raw score 123 68.1 (18.3) 71.5 (19.2) .309 Note. aM (SD), bn (%); IRSAD, Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage; DEAP, Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (Dodd et al., 2002); CTOPP-2, Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing – 2 (Wagner et al., 2013); PTONI, Primary Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (Ehrler & McGhee, 2008); PPVT, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Dunn & Dunn, 1997). 3. Outcomes of the Intervention and Control Groups in the Sound Start Study: Intention to Treat (Complete Cases) Measure Group Valid n Stage 2/3 Stage 5 Stage 6 Effect F p M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) Speech Production Percentage of consonants correct DEAP Intervention 59 69.25 (9.13) 75.40 (10.27) 76.06 (9.99) Stage 42.36 <.001 .287 Control 48 64.34 (11.74) 69.77 (12.97) 71.14 (12.78) Group Interaction 6.98 0.14 .009 .874 .062 .001 Primary intervention target probes Sound Start Study probes Intervention 59 71.27 (25.7) 47.14 (38.1) 43.28 (36.0) 48.79 <.001 .319 Control 47 73.30 (28.4) 57.41 (36.5) 48.19 (36.2) Group Interaction 0.99 1.12 .322 .329 .009 .011 Intelligibility ICS Intervention 30 3.75 (0.36) 3.95 (0.39) 3.97 (0.45) Stage 4.14 .019 .094