change alone helps overcome the complexity of accounting for other societal, economic and environmental factors that also influence migration. Based on data derived from peer-reviewed academic publications (see Appendix 2 for full details). A minimum of 4,400 people have been forced to migrate due solely to climate change (Table 1.1). This will be an underestimate, as it excludes cases where more than one factor may be contributing to a migration decision – such as a combination of both climate-related sea level rise and coastal erosion not associated with climate change (possibly such as the village of Vunidogola, relocated by the Fijian Government in 2014 for such reasons, and the planned relocation of the Fijian village of Narikoso by 2018).67-69 Location Population Citation Notes on causes Carteret Islands, PNG 1,200 Connell (2016)70 Migrating due to sea-level rise Strauss (2012)71 Alaska (need to migrate Bronen and Chapin Migrating due to changing ice as soon as possible)* III (2013)72 conditions leading to coastal Shearer (2012)73 erosion and due to permafrost Kivalina 398-400 melt, destabilising infrastructure Newtok 353 Shaktoolik 214 Shismaref 609 Alaska (need to migrate Bronen and Chapin Migrating due to changing ice gradually)* III (2013)72 conditions leading to coastal erosion and due to permafrost Allakaket 95 melt, destabilising infrastructure Golovin 167 Hughes 76 Huslia 255 Koyukuk 89 Nulato 274 Teller 256 Unalakleet 724 Isle de Jean Charles, 25 homes Coastal erosion, wetland loss, Louisiana reduced accretion, barrier island erosion, subsidence, and saltwater intrusion were caused by dredging, dikes, levees, controlling the Mississippi River, and agricultural practices. Climate change is now bringing sea-level rise Table 1.1 Locations migrating now due to only climate change. *The village names and populations are sourced from the US Government Accountability Office’s report, “Alaska Native Villages: Limited Progress Has Been Made on Relocating Villages Threatened by Flooding and Erosion”.70-73
change alone helps overcome the complexity of accounting for other societal, economic and environmental factors that also influence migration. Based on data derived from peer-reviewed academic publications (see Appendix 2 for full details). A minimum of 4,400 people have been forced to migrate due solely to climate change (Table 1.1). This will be an underestimate, as it excludes cases where more than one factor may be contributing to a migration decision – such as a combination of both climate-related sea level rise and coastal erosion not associated with climate change (possibly such as the village of Vunidogola, relocated by the Fijian Government in 2014 for such reasons, and the planned relocation of the Fijian village of Narikoso by 2018).67-69 Location Population Citation Notes on causes Carteret Islands, PNG 1,200 Connell (2016)70 Strauss (2012)71 Migrating due to sea-level rise Alaska (need to migrate as soon as possible)* Bronen and Chapin III (2013)72 Shearer (2012)73 Migrating due to changing ice conditions leading to coastal erosion and due to permafrost melt, destabilising infrastructure Kivalina 398-400 Newtok 353 Shaktoolik 214 Shismaref 609 Alaska (need to migrate gradually)* Bronen and Chapin III (2013)72 Migrating due to changing ice conditions leading to coastal erosion and due to permafrost melt, destabilising infrastructure Allakaket 95 Golovin 167 Hughes 76 Huslia 255 Koyukuk 89 Nulato 274 Teller 256 Unalakleet 724 Isle de Jean Charles, Louisiana 25 homes Coastal erosion, wetland loss, reduced accretion, barrier island erosion, subsidence, and saltwater intrusion were caused by dredging, dikes, levees, controlling the Mississippi River, and agricultural practices. Climate change is now bringing sea-level rise Table 1.1 Locations migrating now due to only climate change. *The village names and populations are sourced from the US Government Accountability Office’s report, “Alaska Native Villages: Limited Progress Has Been Made on Relocating Villages Threatened by Flooding and Erosion”.70-73