Ecological Low: Some limited pilot High: Case specific, High: Wide range of Mod: Typically local Mod: Potential compensation projects as well as though typically actions, including piloting metapopulations or applications at conventional mitigation/ Carmarthenshire and management equivalent habitat types landscape/ compensation funds levy has raised £1m+ of planning (7,9) species metapopulation scale under s106/CIL funds to date and habitat management (agricultural land) (12, 13) ongoing monitoring (17, 19) and infrastructure (23, 24, 25) Environmental bonds Low: No current Low: Not currently in Mod: Management of Low: Limited in their field Low: Further work needs biodiversity-related green operation. habitats and species (12, of application. Largely to be done to understand bonds 13); investment costs applicable to new how and whether extractive industries, not environmental bonds restoration or mitigation might work in practice of previous impacts Unknown Mod: Loans available to Mod: Generally limited to Mod: Dependent on Loan finance Low: Due to the need for SMEs with ongoing management of facility being used. loan repayment, environmental focus from habitats/species and applicability to N2K Finance Wales and one-off investments, management needs is Welsh Council for although these must be likely to be low. Likely to Voluntary Action. Size of in relation to profit be most relevant when loan available is generating activities considered in tandem dependent on the facility with marketed products used. Can range from small (<£10k) to medium (>£250,000) Marketed products Mod: A range of Mod: The size of Mod: Supports direct Mod: Agricultural and Mod: Opportunities will environmentally conservation finance management actions but forestry land-uses, as be limited to where site sustainable marketed generated / management funds can be used to well as fisheries are the characteristics are products are produced in actions delivered is finance a wider range of primary areas of appropriate and Wales, although the commensurate with the actions opportunity. Notable commercially viable extent of use in relation current scale of use
Ecological compensation Low: Some limited pilot projects as well as conventional mitigation/ compensation funds under s106/CIL High: Case specific, though typically Carmarthenshire levy has raised £1m+ of funds to date High: Wide range of actions, including piloting and management planning (7,9) species and habitat management (12, 13) ongoing monitoring (17, 19) and infrastructure (23, 24, 25) Mod: Typically local metapopulations or equivalent habitat types Mod: Potential applications at landscape/ metapopulation scale (agricultural land) Environmental bonds Low: No current biodiversity-related green bonds Low: Not currently in operation. Mod: Management of habitats and species (12, 13); investment costs Low: Limited in their field of application. Largely applicable to new extractive industries, not restoration or mitigation of previous impacts Low: Further work needs to be done to understand how and whether environmental bonds might work in practice Loan finance Unknown Mod: Loans available to SMEs with environmental focus from Finance Wales and Welsh Council for Voluntary Action. Size of loan available is dependent on the facility used. Can range from small (<£10k) to medium (>£250,000) Mod: Generally limited to ongoing management of habitats/species and one-off investments, although these must be in relation to profit generating activities Mod: Dependent on facility being used. Low: Due to the need for loan repayment, applicability to N2K management needs is likely to be low. Likely to be most relevant when considered in tandem with marketed products Marketed products Mod: A range of environmentally sustainable marketed products are produced in Wales, although the extent of use in relation Mod: The size of conservation finance generated / management actions delivered is commensurate with the current scale of use Mod: Supports direct management actions but funds can be used to finance a wider range of actions Mod: Agricultural and forestry land-uses, as well as fisheries are the primary areas of opportunity. Notable Mod: Opportunities will be limited to where site characteristics are appropriate and commercially viable