Thus coping styles are broad, pervasive and encompassing ways of relating particular types of people (e.g.) being powerful, hostile, controlling, ambiguous, evaluative, imminent, evaluative or vice versa (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984). However, this approach was criticised for assuming to operate as a stable disposition through an life-course and underestimating complexities individual’s and variability (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984). Coping as a process or state Lazarus and (1984) alternative approach regarding coping was that it Folkman’s being a process-oriented, dynamic concept that changes according to the specific needs of individuals. This concept placed the process within conditions of psychological stress, requiring thought processes and behaviour modification (Lazarus, 1993). Coping was thus defined by them as a process of constantly changing cognitive “ and behavioural efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands that (Lazarus and are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resource of the person” Folkman, 1984; p.141) The Transactional model of stress and coping (Figure 2-4) explains coping as a transactional process as conceived by Lazarus and Folkman (1984). The transaction is a dynamic encounter between an individual and their environment arising as result of a stressful event. The transactional process can occur within a few moments, may continue for hours, days, weeks and even years. Stress arises as soon as the person perceives that he/she is vulnerable, threatened and cannot adequately to cope with the situation (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984).
Thus coping styles are broad, pervasive and encompassing ways of relating particular types of people (e.g.) being powerful, hostile, controlling, ambiguous, evaluative, imminent, evaluative or vice versa (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984). However, this approach was criticised for assuming to operate as a stable disposition through an individual’s life-course and underestimating complexities and variability (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984). Coping as a process or state Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) alternative approach regarding coping was that it being a process-oriented, dynamic concept that changes according to the specific needs of individuals. This concept placed the process within conditions of psychological stress, requiring thought processes and behaviour modification (Lazarus, 1993). Coping was thus defined by them as a process of “ constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resource of the person” (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984; p.141) The Transactional model of stress and coping (Figure 2-4) explains coping as a transactional process as conceived by Lazarus and Folkman (1984). The transaction is a dynamic encounter between an individual and their environment arising as result of a stressful event. The transactional process can occur within a few moments, may continue for hours, days, weeks and even years. Stress arises as soon as the person perceives that he/she is vulnerable, threatened and cannot adequately to cope with the situation (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984).