Table 2: Policy Issues for Control of Mangroves and Coastal Forests Critical Ecosystem Policy Issue ICZP Responses Mangrove Forests Uncoordinated Develop a harmonised – 574km long and management efforts legislative and providing renewable institutional framework Undefined land tenure for goods and services for sustained management mangrove areas that are of Communities living Conversion of mangrove economic, around and deriving areas into other uses ecological and benefits from mangroves Lack of management plans environmental will be involved in for rehabilitation and value. The area of sustainable harvesting of mangroves is Enhance mangrove mangroves estimated to be research Pollution from land and sea 52,980ha spread All coastal zone sources over 18 forests. mangroves shall be gazetted to enhance sustainable management Coastal Forests Human wildlife conflict in Significant coastal forest – These coastal forests forests due to competition patches to be conserved bear unique species for resources and protected for with high drought prosperity and endemism Overexploitation of plant resilience, high and animal species by local Systems and structures to levels of adaptation communities be developed for local and endemicity. The communities to derive Over reliance on wood reduction and maximum livelihood from based forest products due fragmentation of the to lack of access to coastal forests and forests is due to participate in their alternatives climate change and sustainable management Uncontrolled harvesting human factors. Develop a harmonised from ungazetted forest legislative and areas institutional framework Inadequate enforcement of for sustained management existing legislation due to of mangrove ecosystems low capacity and inadequate human and Enhance status of key sites, with UNESCO financial resources heritage sites declared Uncoordinated with the participation of management neighbouring Research constrained communities resulting in inadequate Develop opportunities for ethno-botanical data and sources of livelihood for information non-consumptive use of the forest Effective control of wildlife to minimise
Table 2: Policy Issues for Control of Mangroves and Coastal Forests Critical Ecosystem Policy Issue ICZP Responses Mangrove Forests – 574km long and providing renewable goods and services that are of economic, ecological and environmental value. The area of mangroves is estimated to be 52,980ha spread over 18 forests. Uncoordinated management efforts Undefined land tenure for mangrove areas Conversion of mangrove areas into other uses Lack of management plans for rehabilitation and sustainable harvesting of mangroves Pollution from land and sea sources Develop a harmonised legislative and institutional framework for sustained management Communities living around and deriving benefits from mangroves will be involved in Enhance mangrove research All coastal zone mangroves shall be gazetted to enhance sustainable management Coastal Forests – These coastal forests bear unique species with high drought resilience, high levels of adaptation and endemicity. The reduction and fragmentation of the forests is due to climate change and human factors. Human wildlife conflict in forests due to competition for resources Overexploitation of plant and animal species by local communities Over reliance on wood based forest products due to lack of access to alternatives Uncontrolled harvesting from ungazetted forest areas Inadequate enforcement of existing legislation due to low capacity and inadequate human and financial resources Uncoordinated management Research constrained resulting in inadequate ethno-botanical data and information Significant coastal forest patches to be conserved and protected for prosperity and endemism Systems and structures to be developed for local communities to derive maximum livelihood from coastal forests and participate in their sustainable management Develop a harmonised legislative and institutional framework for sustained management of mangrove ecosystems Enhance status of key sites, with UNESCO heritage sites declared with the participation of neighbouring communities Develop opportunities for sources of livelihood for non-consumptive use of the forest Effective control of wildlife to minimise