The sums invested were going into unproductive works ie processing of agricultural products (cotton ginnery and sugar refinery). The sums invested were going into unproductive works. Khedive Ismail was then living from loan to loan. These monies which the French and the British were pouring went a long way in undermining the regime The danger of the Otoman collapse set off the partition of Africa Robinson and Gallagher claim that the occupation of Egypt was an involuntary response to the continuing collapse of the khedival regime . In Cairo , bankruptcy too led to financial control An English and French controller came to supervise Egyptian financial departments. At first these looked like private matters When the financial arrangements were failing the French decided to thoroughly intervene in order to reform the Egyptian fiscal systems so as to secure payment of debts. Crisis was also caused by low Nile in 1877 destructive floods in 1878 followed by disease and famine. Compelled Khedive to surrender autocratic powers , his personal revenues etc Attempts at reform alarmed privileged classes of the old regime. It also united the army and landlords against foreign control . Khedive owned 20% of the land. His elites (10000) land again workers paid tribute Same time the British felt that French were getting an upper hand. They were extensively squeezing the Egyptian peasantry. As Alfred Milner puts it, Egypt was financially ... tied hand and foot , unable to move, almost unable to breathe without the consent of Europe. Foreign control was frustrating to both Egypt and Turkey. What is crucial to take note of is that Gladstone had originally been opposed to British imperialism . At one time when campaigning, he described the inference at the Straits, in Cyprus, Egypt that the Transvaal as gratuitous, dangerous, ambiguous, impracticable and impossible. In the end he won the election of April 1880 . In the early days of his reign, Britain withdrew from Transvaal and Afghanistan . He abated interference in Tunis and Morocco.
The sums invested were going into unproductive works ie processing of agricultural products (cotton ginnery and sugar refinery). The sums invested were going into unproductive works. Khedive Ismail was then living from loan to loan. These monies which the French and the British were pouring went a long way in undermining the regime The danger of the Otoman collapse set off the partition of Africa Robinson and Gallagher claim that the occupation of Egypt was an involuntary response to the continuing collapse of the khedival regime . In Cairo , bankruptcy too led to financial control An English and French controller came to supervise Egyptian financial departments. At first these looked like private matters When the financial arrangements were failing the French decided to thoroughly intervene in order to reform the Egyptian fiscal systems so as to secure payment of debts. Crisis was also caused by low Nile in 1877 destructive floods in 1878 followed by disease and famine. Compelled Khedive to surrender autocratic powers , his personal revenues etc Attempts at reform alarmed privileged classes of the old regime. It also united the army and landlords against foreign control . Khedive owned 20% of the land. His elites (10000) land again workers paid tribute Same time the British felt that French were getting an upper hand. They were extensively squeezing the Egyptian peasantry. As Alfred Milner puts it, Egypt was financially ... tied hand and foot , unable to move, almost unable to breathe without the consent of Europe. Foreign control was frustrating to both Egypt and Turkey. What is crucial to take note of is that Gladstone had originally been opposed to British imperialism . At one time when campaigning, he described the inference at the Straits, in Cyprus, Egypt that the Transvaal as gratuitous, dangerous, ambiguous, impracticable and impossible. In the end he won the election of April 1880 . In the early days of his reign, Britain withdrew from Transvaal and Afghanistan . He abated interference in Tunis and Morocco.