their buyers. The exporters were required to maintain a higher learning curve in order to remain competitive on a global level. This included learning new skills and techniques; obtaining higher quality raw materials; upgrading machinery and equipment; meeting stringent quality, safety, and environmental standards; and participating in design activities. Table : Experience with 25 Clusters Africa’s Forms of Evidence of Collective Cluster End Market External Economies Institutional Dynamism Action Support Domiatt Local, None Labour supply, availability of None Cluster/sectoral Furniture National suppliers, customer attraction, (Domestic) specialised service providers Domiatt International Growth, Labour supply, availability of Marketing External Furniture Upgrading suppliers, customer attraction, Learning (Export) specialised service providers Logistics Egypt Merkato Local, None Labour supply, availability of Logistics Government, Leather National suppliers, customer attraction, Cluster/sectoral, Footwear specialised service providers External Shiro Meda Local, None Labour supply, availability of None External Handloom National suppliers, customer attraction Ethiopia Suame Local Upgrading Labour supply, availability of None Government Metalwork suppliers, customer attraction Suame Local, None Availability of suppliers, Learning Government, Vehicle Regional customer attraction, Cluster/sectoral, Repair specialised service providers External Ghana Gikomba Local None Labour supply, availability of None None Furniture suppliers, specialised service providers Ngong Local Growth Labour supply, availability of None None Furniture suppliers Kibuye Local None Labour supply, availability of Logistics Cluster/sectoral Furniture suppliers, specialised service providers Eastland Local None Labour supply, availability of None None Garment suppliers, customer attraction, specialised service providers Kamukunji Local None Availability of suppliers, Government, Metalwork customer attraction , Learning Cluster/sectoral Ziwani Local Upgrading Availability of suppliers, Learning Cluster/sectoral, Vehicle customer attraction External Kenya
their buyers. The exporters were required to maintain a higher learning curve in order to remain competitive on a global level. This included learning new skills and techniques; obtaining higher quality raw materials; upgrading machinery and equipment; meeting stringent quality, safety, and environmental standards; and participating in design activities. Table : Africa’s Experience with 25 Clusters Cluster End Market Evidence of Dynamism External Economies Collective Action Forms of Institutional Support Egypt Domiatt Furniture (Domestic) Local, National None Labour supply, availability of suppliers, customer attraction, specialised service providers None Cluster/sectoral Domiatt Furniture (Export) International Growth, Upgrading Labour supply, availability of suppliers, customer attraction, specialised service providers Marketing Learning Logistics External Ethiopia Merkato Leather Footwear Local, National None Labour supply, availability of suppliers, customer attraction, specialised service providers Logistics Government, Cluster/sectoral, External Shiro Meda Handloom Local, National None Labour supply, availability of suppliers, customer attraction None External Ghana Suame Metalwork Local Upgrading Labour supply, availability of suppliers, customer attraction None Government Suame Vehicle Repair Local, Regional None Availability of suppliers, customer attraction, specialised service providers Learning Government, Cluster/sectoral, External Kenya Gikomba Furniture Local None Labour supply, availability of suppliers, specialised service providers None None Ngong Furniture Local Growth Labour supply, availability of suppliers None None Kibuye Furniture Local None Labour supply, availability of suppliers, specialised service providers Logistics Cluster/sectoral Eastland Garment Local None Labour supply, availability of suppliers, customer attraction, specialised service providers None None Kamukunji Metalwork Local None Availability of suppliers, customer attraction Learning Government, Cluster/sectoral Ziwani Vehicle Local Upgrading Availability of suppliers, customer attraction Learning Cluster/sectoral, External ,