A simple wave model has a Waves are regular repeating pattern with a The wavelength and patterns of motion, specific wavelength, frequency of a wave are Sound can make which can be made in frequency, and amplitude, related to one another by PS4.A matter vibrate water by disturbing the and mechanical waves the speed of the wave, and vibrating surface. Waves of the N/A Wave need a medium through which depends on the type matter can make same type can differ in properties which they are transmitted. of wave and the medium sound. amplitude and This model can explain through which it is wavelength. Waves can many phenomena, passing. make objects move. including sound and light. Both an electromagnetic Some materials wave model and a photon allow light to model explain features of Objects can be seen pass through, The construct of a wave is electromagnetic radiation PS4.B when light reflected Electromagnetic block light used to model how light broadly and describe N/A from their surface enters radiation (creating interacts with objects. common applications of our eyes. shadows), or electromagnetic radiation, redirect light. including communications and energy generation. Waves can be used to PS4.C People use Patterns can allow transmit digital Information devices to send information to be information. Digitized technologies N/A N/A and receive encoded, sent, received, information is composed of and information. and decoded. a pattern of and “1s” (ones) instrumentation “0s” (zeros). Technology/Engineering Progression INCREASINGLY SOPHISTICATED SCIENCE Pre-K–2 3–5 6–8 9–10 Situations that The precision of criteria and A broad range of considerations, ETS1.A people want to A possible solution to a simple constraints is important to an effective criteria, and constraints must be change can be problem must meet specified Define design solution, as are considerations that are considered for problems of social and solved through criteria and constraints. problems likely to limit possible solutions. global significance. engineering. ETS1.B Solutions can be Solutions need to be researched Parts of different solutions can be Major problems need to be broken into conveyed through and compared. combined to create new solutions. smaller problems that can be solved Develop
PS4.A Wave properties Sound can make matter vibrate and vibrating matter can make sound. Waves are regular patterns of motion, which can be made in water by disturbing the surface. Waves of the same type can differ in amplitude and wavelength. Waves can make objects move. A simple wave model has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, and mechanical waves need a medium through which they are transmitted. This model can explain many phenomena, including sound and light. The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. N/A PS4.B Electromagnetic radiation Some materials allow light to pass through, block light (creating shadows), or redirect light. Objects can be seen when light reflected from their surface enters our eyes. The construct of a wave is used to model how light interacts with objects. Both an electromagnetic wave model and a photon model explain features of electromagnetic radiation broadly and describe common applications of electromagnetic radiation, including communications and energy generation. N/A PS4.C Information technologies and instrumentation People use devices to send and receive information. Patterns can allow information to be encoded, sent, received, and decoded. Waves can be used to transmit digital information. Digitized information is composed of a pattern of “1s” (ones) and “0s” (zeros). N/A N/A Technology/Engineering Progression INCREASINGLY SOPHISTICATED SCIENCE Pre-K–2 3–5 6–8 9–10 ETS1.A Define design problems Situations that people want to change can be solved through engineering. A possible solution to a simple problem must meet specified criteria and constraints. The precision of criteria and constraints is important to an effective solution, as are considerations that are likely to limit possible solutions. A broad range of considerations, criteria, and constraints must be considered for problems of social and global significance. ETS1.B Develop Solutions can be conveyed through Solutions need to be researched and compared. Parts of different solutions can be combined to create new solutions. Major problems need to be broken into smaller problems that can be solved