accounting for effects of any extraneous variables (i.e. prior mood influenced by external environment) that may have influenced the results. Results Chi-square test results revealed no relevant differences in gender between the three conditions (Laughter Yoga, Mindfulness Meditation, control), = .065, = .99. χ2(2) p Additionally, an ANCOVA test revealed no significant group differences for age, 38) = .20, F(2, = .817 suggesting that any differences following the intervention were not due to pre-existing p demographic differences. After watching the sad video, participants rated their baseline sadness (M = 3.12, = SD 1.05) as moderate, although ratings covered the entire range of the scale (range = 1-5), and rated their baseline happiness as low (M = 1.80, = .93), although ratings covered higher scale SD values (range = 1-4). On average, participants rated their post-intervention sadness (following either the Sudoku or video segment consisting of a Laughter Yoga or Mindfulness Meditation session) as low (M = 1.37, SD = .77) , although ratings covered higher scale values (range = and rated their post-intervention happiness as moderate (M = 2.78, SD = 1.13), although ratings covered the entire range of the scale (range = 1-5). We conducted a one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) comparing the three intervention groups on ratings of happy mood following the intervention (i.e., “post-intervention happiness”), after controlling for the effect of happiness before the intervention began (i.e., happiness”). The pre-intervention covariate was significantly related to participants’ happiness following the intervention, 37) = 4.56, = .04, = .11. There was a significant F(1, p ηp2 intervention effect on levels of post-intervention happiness (post-IH) even after controlling for the effect of pre-intervention happiness (pre-IH), 37) = 12.11, < .001, = .40. Post-hoc F(2, p ηp2
accounting for effects of any extraneous variables (i.e. prior mood influenced by external environment) that may have influenced the results. Results Chi-square test results revealed no relevant differences in gender between the three conditions (Laughter Yoga, Mindfulness Meditation, control), χ2(2) = .065, p = .99. Additionally, an ANCOVA test revealed no significant group differences for age, F(2, 38) = .20, p = .817 suggesting that any differences following the intervention were not due to pre-existing demographic differences. After watching the sad video, participants rated their baseline sadness (M = 3.12, SD = 1.05) as moderate, although ratings covered the entire range of the scale (range = 1-5), and rated their baseline happiness as low (M = 1.80, SD = .93), although ratings covered higher scale values (range = 1-4). On average, participants rated their post-intervention sadness (following either the Sudoku or video segment consisting of a Laughter Yoga or Mindfulness Meditation session) as low (M = 1.37, SD = .77) , although ratings covered higher scale values (range = and rated their post-intervention happiness as moderate (M = 2.78, SD = 1.13), although ratings covered the entire range of the scale (range = 1-5). We conducted a one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) comparing the three intervention groups on ratings of happy mood following the intervention (i.e., “post-intervention happiness”), after controlling for the effect of happiness before the intervention began (i.e., happiness”). The pre-intervention covariate was significantly related to participants’ happiness following the intervention, F(1, 37) = 4.56, p = .04, ηp2 = .11. There was a significant intervention effect on levels of post-intervention happiness (post-IH) even after controlling for the effect of pre-intervention happiness (pre-IH), F(2, 37) = 12.11, p < .001, ηp2 = .40. Post-hoc