Gong, Louis, and Sun Post merger lawsuits Yes 103 litigated stock X X BS Quarterly, CS Yes (JAE 2008b) acquisitions between 1996-2002 Han and Wang (AR, Political costs and Yes 76 in 1990 X BS? Quarterly, CS Yes 1998) Oil companies Jo and Kim (JFE, 2007) Disclosure Yes 1,950 SEOs X X CF Quarterly, CS Yes frequency (SEO between 1990-1997 sample) Jo, Kim, and Park Underwriter choice Yes 1,950 SEOs X X CF Quarterly, CS Yes (RAS, 2007) (SEO sample) between 1990-1997 Kim and Park (JFQA, Seasoned equity Yes 1040 SEOs from X X CF Quarterly, CS Yes 2005) offerings 1989-2000 Louis (JFE, 2004) Stock acquirers Yes 236 acquirers X X BS Quarterly, CS Yes between 1992-2000 Louis and Robinson Stock splits Yes 2,271 stock splits X X BS Quarterly, CS Yes (JAE, 2005) between 1990-2002 Robinson, and Disclosure of No 11,708 firm X X BS Quarterly, CS Yes Sbaraglia (RAS 2008) accrual information quarters between in earnings release 1999-2002 and accrual anomaly Rangan (JFE, 1998) Seasoned equity Yes 712 SEOs between X BS Quarterly, TS Yes offerings 1987-1990 Shivakumar (JAE, Seasoned equity Yes 2,995 SEOs X Both Quarterly, CS Yes 2000) offerings between 1983-1992 Yang and Krishnan Audit committee No Random sample of X CF Quarterly, CS Yes (IJA, 2005) expertise and stock 250 firms between holdings and 1996-2000 earnings mgmt. 1 BS denotes that raw accruals are calculated from the balance sheet, and CF denotes that the raw accruals are calculated from the cash flow statement.
Gong, Louis, and Sun (JAE 2008b) Post merger lawsuits Yes 103 litigated stock acquisitions between 1996-2002 X X BS Quarterly, CS Yes Han and Wang (AR, 1998) Political costs and Oil companies Yes 76 in 1990 X BS? Quarterly, CS Yes Jo and Kim (JFE, 2007) Disclosure frequency (SEO sample) Yes 1,950 SEOs between 1990-1997 X X CF Quarterly, CS Yes Jo, Kim, and Park (RAS, 2007) Underwriter choice (SEO sample) Yes 1,950 SEOs between 1990-1997 X X CF Quarterly, CS Yes Kim and Park (JFQA, 2005) Seasoned equity offerings Yes 1040 SEOs from 1989-2000 X X CF Quarterly, CS Yes Louis (JFE, 2004) Stock acquirers Yes 236 acquirers between 1992-2000 X X BS Quarterly, CS Yes Louis and Robinson (JAE, 2005) Stock splits Yes 2,271 stock splits between 1990-2002 X X BS Quarterly, CS Yes Robinson, and Sbaraglia (RAS 2008) Disclosure of accrual information in earnings release and accrual anomaly No 11,708 firm quarters between 1999-2002 X X BS Quarterly, CS Yes Rangan (JFE, 1998) Seasoned equity offerings Yes 712 SEOs between 1987-1990 X BS Quarterly, TS Yes Shivakumar (JAE, 2000) Seasoned equity offerings Yes 2,995 SEOs between 1983-1992 X Both Quarterly, CS Yes Yang and Krishnan (IJA, 2005) Audit committee expertise and stock holdings and earnings mgmt. No Random sample of 250 firms between 1996-2000 X CF Quarterly, CS Yes 1 BS denotes that raw accruals are calculated from the balance sheet, and CF denotes that the raw accruals are calculated from the cash flow statement.