be available for sale, not a free newspaper have its continued existence threatened, and be unable to obtain support elsewhere. In the period 1972–2005 the Press Fund distributed a total of 55 million euros in grants and 19 million euros in loans. Between 1981 and 1990, the Netherlands also had a Compensation Measure for Dailies’ ‘Temporary which acted to ensure diversity in the marketplace. When this measure was discontinued in 1990 the most unsustainable newspapers rapidly disappeared. In 1990 the three major news organisations had a 45 per cent share of total circulation. This figure is now 90 per cent. In 2007 the Press Fund changed to a more active policy of supporting research and innovation. In 2009 the Ministry of Culture approved an increase in the Press Fund’s budget to 8 million euros with provisions to fund in cross platform and multimedia journalism as well as ‘experiments research into the quality of journalism’. The Netherlands government also allocated new funds to support the hiring of up to 60 new young journalists in the sector. Norway Norway provides assistance to ensure diversity and competition in the industry. Norway’s population of 5.3 million is distributed over 431 local communities, almost half of which have their own newspaper. Rodney Benson and Matthew Powers, Public Media and Political Independence: Lessons for the Future of Journalism 45 (Freepress, 2011) 45. from Around the World Lichtenberg, Aid to the Press in International Perspective: the Dutch Case’ in Isabel Fernandez Alonso et al ‘State 46Lou (eds) Subsidies in Europe’ (Proceedings of the Press Subsidies in Europe: Development, Pluralism and ‘Press ‘Symposium Transparency, Barcelona 2006, Institut de la Comunicacio, 2006) 107, 111-112. Rodney Benson and Matthew Powers, Public Media and Political Independence: Lessons for the Future of Journalism 47 (Freepress, 2011) 45. from Around the World Tore Østeraas, Subsidies in Norway’, in Isabel Fernandez Alonso et al (eds) Subsidies in Europe’ ‘Press ‘Press 48Bjørn (Proceedings of the Press Subsidies in Europe: Development, Pluralism and Transparency, Barcelona 2006, ‘Symposium Institut de la Comunicacio, 2006) 80, 80.
be available for sale, not a free newspaper have its continued existence threatened, and be unable to obtain support elsewhere. In the period 1972–2005 the Press Fund distributed a total of 55 million euros in grants and 19 million euros in loans. Between 1981 and 1990, the Netherlands also had a ‘Temporary Compensation Measure for Dailies’ which acted to ensure diversity in the marketplace. When this measure was discontinued in 1990 the most unsustainable newspapers rapidly disappeared. In 1990 the three major news organisations had a 45 per cent share of total circulation. This figure is now 90 per cent. In 2007 the Press Fund changed to a more active policy of supporting research and innovation. In 2009 the Ministry of Culture approved an increase in the Press Fund’s budget to 8 million euros with provisions to fund ‘experiments in cross platform and multimedia journalism as well as research into the quality of journalism’. The Netherlands government also allocated new funds to support the hiring of up to 60 new young journalists in the sector. Norway Norway provides assistance to ensure diversity and competition in the industry. Norway’s population of 5.3 million is distributed over 431 local communities, almost half of which have their own newspaper. 45 Rodney Benson and Matthew Powers, Public Media and Political Independence: Lessons for the Future of Journalism from Around the World (Freepress, 2011) 45. 46Lou Lichtenberg, ‘State Aid to the Press in International Perspective: the Dutch Case’ in Isabel Fernandez Alonso et al (eds) ‘Press Subsidies in Europe’ (Proceedings of the ‘Symposium Press Subsidies in Europe: Development, Pluralism and Transparency, Barcelona 2006, Institut de la Comunicacio, 2006) 107, 111-112. 47 Rodney Benson and Matthew Powers, Public Media and Political Independence: Lessons for the Future of Journalism from Around the World (Freepress, 2011) 45. 48Bjørn Tore Østeraas, ‘Press Subsidies in Norway’, in Isabel Fernandez Alonso et al (eds) ‘Press Subsidies in Europe’ (Proceedings of the ‘Symposium Press Subsidies in Europe: Development, Pluralism and Transparency, Barcelona 2006, Institut de la Comunicacio, 2006) 80, 80.