study outcomes from both cost-avoidance and drug-related morbidity studies. Interventions were stratified into 6 levels in an attempt to categorize the impact of each intervention. The table below provides an example of the average cost savings of each type of intervention (3). Cost per Unit type event Medical ICU $3,369 Surgical ICU $5,097 General Medical $2,738 General Surgical $1,772 Total avg. $2,595 Outcomes of ED Interventions by Pharmacists: Adapted from Ling et al Level Cost Avoidance Explanation Category Cost ($) Information inquiry 1a Verbal info Drug info 26.17 (≤5 min) Information inquiry (>5 min i.e. Verbal info with presentation 1b Drug info 54.89 oral/written and/or articles presentation) Dosage adjustment, formulary/restricted Drug cost 2 medication, IV/PO Drug cost avoidance 30.35 avoidance switch, therapeutic duplication Avoidance of Additional Medications, aerosolizations, 3a additional 260.46 treatment transfusions, oxygen treatment Avoidance of Chemistry panels, CBCs, drug 3b Additional tests additional 109.00 concentrations etc. treatment Noninvasive CT, angiography, ECG, Doppler, Avoidance of 3c procedure, EEG, ECHO, MRI, CXR, PFT etc. + additional 320.70 additional tests 3b treatment Additional Avoidance of 4a treatment and 3a+3b additional 370.04 additional treatment Noninvasive Avoidance of 4b procedure, 3a + 3c additional 581.75 additional treatment
study outcomes from both cost-avoidance and drug-related morbidity studies. Interventions were stratified into 6 levels in an attempt to categorize the impact of each intervention. The table below provides an example of the average cost savings of each type of intervention (3). Unit type Cost per event Medical ICU $3,369 Surgical ICU $5,097 General Medical $2,738 General Surgical $1,772 Total avg. $2,595 Outcomes of ED Interventions by Pharmacists: Adapted from Ling et al Level Cost Avoidance Explanation Category Cost ($) 1a Information inquiry (≤5 min) Verbal info Drug info 26.17 1b Information inquiry (>5 min i.e. oral/written presentation) Verbal info with presentation and/or articles Drug info 54.89 2 Dosage adjustment, formulary/restricted medication, IV/PO switch, therapeutic duplication Drug cost avoidance Drug cost avoidance 30.35 3a Additional treatment Medications, aerosolizations, transfusions, oxygen Avoidance of additional treatment 260.46 3b Additional tests Chemistry panels, CBCs, drug concentrations etc. Avoidance of additional treatment 109.00 3c Noninvasive procedure, additional tests CT, angiography, ECG, Doppler, EEG, ECHO, MRI, CXR, PFT etc. + 3b Avoidance of additional treatment 320.70 4a Additional treatment and additional 3a+3b Avoidance of additional treatment 370.04 4b Noninvasive procedure, additional 3a + 3c Avoidance of additional treatment 581.75