Spring 1994-Fall vs. PGW era veterans Storm War Zone Lifetime Fort Devens: 6.5% Germany: 0% New Orleans 1996 from Germany Personnel PTSD New Orleans: 38% (73/194) Stratified random 8.2% Germany sample 51% (48/not reported) Unable to tabulate odds ratios Wolfe et al. Prospective PGW veterans 18-24 on M-PTSD PTSD 8% 3% Response rate: ≥94 (1999) () Part of Fort Devens months after (SR) T1 99.8% PTSD Operation Desert (T2) vs. 5 (2,942/2,949) T2 vs. T1: OR=13 Adjusted for PTSD at T1, gender, age, Storm Reunion days after T2 78% race, military status, education level, marital status, Survey (T1) (2,313/2,949) military rank, combat exposure, and prior combat 1991-1994 experience Gray et al. Cross sectional PGW veterans vs. PTSD screen PTSD 15.2% 9% Response rate: (1999) () non-deployed PGW based on 53% (1,497/not PTSD September era veterans criteria (SR) reported) Deployed vs. Non-deployed: OR=1.8 (1.3, 2.5) 1995 Limited to active duty Seabees who remained in service after the war and were serving in one of two large Seabee centers Steele et al. Cross sectional PGW veterans vs. SR physician Onset 6.3% 1.4% Response rate: (2000) () Telephone interview non-deployed PGW diagnosed illness PTSD 92% February-August era veterans from with onset after (2,030/2,211) Onset PTSD 1998 Kansas August 1991 Deployed vs. Non-deployed: OR=4.7 Adjusted for sex, Stratified random age, income, and education level Excluded sample veterans with PTSD to 1990
Spring 1994-Fall 1996 vs. PGW era veterans from Germany Stratified random sample Storm War Zone Personnel New Orleans 38% (73/194) Germany 51% (48/not reported) Lifetime PTSD Fort Devens: 6.5% New Orleans: 8.2% Germany: 0% Unable to tabulate odds ratios Wolfe et al. (1999) () Prospective Part of Fort Devens Operation Desert Storm Reunion Survey 1991-1994 PGW veterans 18-24 months after (T2) vs. 5 days after (T1) ≥94 on M-PTSD (SR) PTSD 8% 3% Response rate: T1 99.8% (2,942/2,949) T2 78% (2,313/2,949) PTSD T2 vs. T1: OR=13 Adjusted for PTSD at T1, gender, age, race, military status, education level, marital status, military rank, combat exposure, and prior combat experience Gray et al. (1999) () Cross sectional September 1995 PGW veterans vs. non-deployed PGW era veterans PTSD screen based on criteria (SR) PTSD 15.2% 9% Response rate: 53% (1,497/not reported) Limited to active duty Seabees who remained in service after the war and were serving in one of two large Seabee centers PTSD Deployed vs. Non-deployed: OR=1.8 (1.3, 2.5) Steele et al. (2000) () Cross sectional Telephone interview February-August 1998 PGW veterans vs. non-deployed PGW era veterans from Kansas Stratified random sample SR physician diagnosed illness with onset after August 1991 Onset PTSD 6.3% 1.4% Response rate: 92% (2,030/2,211) Excluded veterans with PTSD to 1990 Onset PTSD Deployed vs. Non-deployed: OR=4.7 Adjusted for sex, age, income, and education level