No difference in change in hypertension knowledge. No difference in medication adherence. Bowen et al. (2013) RCT, Veterans with hypertension Three groups received Primary outcome: mean 18-month US Age: home BP monitoring systolic blood pressure (SBP) Medical follow-up <30 miles to primary care interventions vs. usual care Secondary outcome: BP control Intervention: x̅ = 65 [SD 10] 4 groups: (1) care and <30 miles Control: x̅ = 65 [SD 10] to primary care; (2) usual care and miles to primary care miles to primary care; (3) ≥30 ≥30 Intervention: x̅ = 63 [SD 10] intervention arm and <30 miles to Control: x̅ = 63 [SD 10] primary care; and (4) intervention Sex: 90-98% men arm and miles to primary care. ≥30 Findings: No difference in 18-month SBP was observed between the 4 exposure groups in unadjusted analysis. Carmody et al. RCT with Military Veterans Telephone-delivered Mental health (SF-12v2). (2013) 6-month Aged 55 or older, with documented therapy for pain Depressive symptoms (BDI-II). US follow-up chronic pain for at least one year, and management vs. T-EDU: used Pain behaviour (PBCL). Pain management having access to a telephone. manualised education regarding Coping strategies questionnaire Mental Wellbeing Mean ages: chronic pain and pain management. T-CBT 66 ± 9 years T-EDU treatment condition: ± 10 Findings: Both treatment groups reported small but significant increases in level of physical and mental health, and reductions in pain and depressive symptoms. Both treatment groups showed reductions in catastrophising between baseline and post-treatment which were maintained during follow-up. Use of coping self-statements did not change significantly for participants in either group. T-CBT was not shown to be more effective than T-EDU as a pain-management intervention Carter et al. (2015) RCT Veterans with hypertension Pharmacist intervention discontinued Blood pressure US Mean age: 64.8 ±10.8 trial. vs. continued Physical Health For discontinued intervention: All patients received a pharmacist 66.0 ±10.4 years. intervention for 6-months. Then, the intervention continued another
No difference in change in hypertension knowledge. No difference in medication adherence. Bowen et al. (2013) US Medical RCT, follow-up Veterans with hypertension Age: <30 miles to primary care Intervention: x̅ = 65 [SD 10] Control: x̅ = 65 [SD 10] ≥30 miles to primary care Intervention: x̅ = 63 [SD 10] Control: x̅ = 63 [SD 10] Sex: 90-98% men Three groups received home BP monitoring interventions vs. usual care 4 groups: (1) care and <30 miles to primary care; (2) usual care and ≥30 miles to primary care; (3) intervention arm and <30 miles to primary care; and (4) intervention arm and ≥30 miles to primary care. Primary outcome: mean 18-month systolic blood pressure (SBP) Secondary outcome: BP control Findings: No difference in 18-month SBP was observed between the 4 exposure groups in unadjusted analysis. Carmody et al. (2013) US Pain management Mental Wellbeing RCT with 6-month follow-up Military Veterans Aged 55 or older, with documented chronic pain for at least one year, and having access to a telephone. Mean ages: T-CBT 66 ± 9 years T-EDU treatment condition: ± 10 Telephone-delivered therapy for pain management vs. T-EDU: used manualised education regarding chronic pain and pain management. Mental health (SF-12v2). Depressive symptoms (BDI-II). Pain behaviour (PBCL). Coping strategies questionnaire Findings: Both treatment groups reported small but significant increases in level of physical and mental health, and reductions in pain and depressive symptoms. Both treatment groups showed reductions in catastrophising between baseline and post-treatment which were maintained during follow-up. Use of coping self-statements did not change significantly for participants in either group. T-CBT was not shown to be more effective than T-EDU as a pain-management intervention Carter et al. (2015) US Physical Health RCT Veterans with hypertension Mean age: 64.8 ±10.8 For discontinued intervention: 66.0 ±10.4 years. Pharmacist intervention discontinued vs. continued All patients received a pharmacist intervention for 6-months. Then, the intervention continued another Blood pressure trial.