Medium-size Electricity generated by 3 Increased energy Profitable in Vietnam Financial: Available Trung Son Hydropower hydropower medium-scale hydro power supply; air quality financing for investment Project (P084773) (4 MtCO2e/yr) plants under pre-FS stage improvement does not meet the needs (1.3 MtCO2e/yr) relative to fossil for Vietnam fuels Small and mini Electricity generated by 44 Increased energy Profitable: IRRs found Regulatory: lengthy Renewable Energy hydropower out of 1,013 small-scale supply; air quality to be between 12% approval and licensing Development Project, (8.8 MtCO2e/yr) hydro power plants that are improvement and 16% with carbon process financed by Carbon between 15 and 30 MW relative to fossil finance revenues Financial: Difficulty in Partnership Facility (2.7 MtCO2e/yr) fuels negotiating PPA and (P110477); Vietnam perceived risk from Banks Renewable Energy due to lack of familiarity Development Project with technology (P103238); System Efficiency Improvement, Equitization, and Renewables Project (P066396) Wind power Electricity generated from Increased energy Marginal or not Technology: lack of Various analytical studies (2.5 MtCO2e/yr) the largest out of eight wind supply; air quality profitable in Vietnam; operational experience (see references in energy farms will be sold to the improvement one project was found Regulatory: lengthy section) national power grid relative to fossil to be profitable with approval and licensing (1.4 MtCO2e/yr) fuels CDM benefits process Financial: Marginal returns, difficulty in negotiating PPA, perceived risk from Banks due to lack of familiarity with technology Geothermal power Two 20 MW geothermal Increased energy One project developed Technical: Technology is generation plants developed for 2015 supply for the CDM is not widespread in Vietnam (0.7 MtCO2e/yr) (0.09 MtCO2e/yr) profitable with CDM Regulatory: lengthy revenues approval and licensing process Financial: Difficulty in negotiating PPA and perceived risk from banks
Medium-size hydropower (4 MtCO2e/yr) Electricity generated by 3 medium-scale hydro power plants under pre-FS stage (1.3 MtCO2e/yr) Increased energy supply; air quality improvement relative to fossil fuels Profitable in Vietnam Financial: Available financing for investment does not meet the needs for Vietnam Trung Son Hydropower Project (P084773) Small and mini hydropower (8.8 MtCO2e/yr) Electricity generated by 44 out of 1,013 small-scale hydro power plants that are between 15 and 30 MW (2.7 MtCO2e/yr) Increased energy supply; air quality improvement relative to fossil fuels Profitable: IRRs found to be between 12% and 16% with carbon finance revenues Regulatory: lengthy approval and licensing process Financial: Difficulty in negotiating PPA and perceived risk from Banks due to lack of familiarity with technology Renewable Energy Development Project, financed by Carbon Partnership Facility (P110477); Vietnam Renewable Energy Development Project (P103238); System Efficiency Improvement, Equitization, and Renewables Project (P066396) Wind power (2.5 MtCO2e/yr) Electricity generated from the largest out of eight wind farms will be sold to the national power grid (1.4 MtCO2e/yr) Increased energy supply; air quality improvement relative to fossil fuels Marginal or not profitable in Vietnam; one project was found to be profitable with CDM benefits Technology: lack of operational experience Regulatory: lengthy approval and licensing process Financial: Marginal returns, difficulty in negotiating PPA, perceived risk from Banks due to lack of familiarity with technology Various analytical studies (see references in energy section) Geothermal power generation (0.7 MtCO2e/yr) Two 20 MW geothermal plants developed for 2015 (0.09 MtCO2e/yr) Increased energy supply One project developed for the CDM is profitable with CDM revenues Technical: Technology is not widespread in Vietnam Regulatory: lengthy approval and licensing process Financial: Difficulty in negotiating PPA and perceived risk from banks