order effects for behavior in footbridge. There was also a trend for observers who saw footbridge second to judge dragging the photo as more right than those who saw it first, 7.07 vs. 6.26, = t(72.6) 1.89, = .063, Cohen’s = .44 (small to medium effect). Otherwise, there were no p d order effects in rightness judgments. Because of these order effects, we analyze data from the first and second tasks separately. 3.2. First Task Surprisingly, those in the Side-track condition neither took action (actors) nor said that the actor should take action (observers) more often than those in the Footbridge condition. If anything, there was a marginally significant tendency for those in the Footbridge condition to take action, or to say that the actor should take action, more often than those in Side-track, 2 (1, 174) = 2.28, .095. There was no p= significant difference between the percentage of actors who took the action and the percentage of observers who said that they should, 2(1, 174) = 2.25, .133. p= A regression analysis of the rightness judgments reveals that, as expected, those who took the action (or said it should be taken) gave significantly higher rightness judgments than those who did not. In addition to this effect, observers gave significantly higher ratings than actors and those in the footbridge task gave lower rightness ratings than those in side-track. See Model 1 in Table 3. There were no significant interaction effects, see Models 2-4 in Table 3, and the effects persist when we control for demographic effects, although we also find that older participants give higher ratings (see Model 5 in Table 3). [Table 3 about here]
order effects for behavior in footbridge. There was also a trend for observers who saw footbridge second to judge dragging the photo as more right than those who saw it first, 7.07 vs. 6.26, t(72.6) = 1.89, p = .063, Cohen’s d = .44 (small to medium effect). Otherwise, there were no order effects in rightness judgments. Because of these order effects, we analyze data from the first and second tasks separately. 3.2. First Task Surprisingly, those in the Side-track condition neither took action (actors) nor said that the actor should take action (observers) more often than those in the Footbridge condition. If anything, there was a marginally significant tendency for those in the Footbridge condition to take action, or to say that the actor should take action, more often than those in Side-track, 2 (1, 174) = 2.28, p= .095. There was no significant difference between the percentage of actors who took the action and the percentage of observers who said that they should, 2(1, 174) = 2.25, p= .133. A regression analysis of the rightness judgments reveals that, as expected, those who took the action (or said it should be taken) gave significantly higher rightness judgments than those who did not. In addition to this effect, observers gave significantly higher ratings than actors and those in the footbridge task gave lower rightness ratings than those in side-track. See Model 1 in Table 3. There were no significant interaction effects, see Models 2-4 in Table 3, and the effects persist when we control for demographic effects, although we also find that older participants give higher ratings (see Model 5 in Table 3). [Table 3 about here]