AGRICULTURE Improving Improving the efficiency of Reduced runoff Profitable Technical: Lack of efficiency of fertilizer use in rice from fertilizer; knowledge of correct fertilizer use in cultivation from 40% to improved levels of application and order to reduce 45% nationally productivity variable quality of nitrous oxide (0.41 MtCO2e/yr) fertilizers emissions (1.1 MtCO2e/yr) Agricultural waste Utilization of 20% of rice Increased energy Studies in Vietnam Technical: Technology is Low-Cost Housing: Waste to energy husk production and 40% of supply indicate large rice hull not widespread in Vietnam Rice Straw Construction (0.9 MtCO2e/yr) bagasse production for plants can be Regulatory: lengthy Panels GEF (P114893) – power generation profitable and smaller approval and licensing (0.15 MtCO2e/yr-0.06 plants can be process MtCO2e rice; 0.09 MtCO2e profitable with Financial: Difficulty in bagasse) additional revenues negotiating PPA and from CDM and ash; perceived risk from Banks studies on bagasse in due to lack of familiarity Vietnam indicate it is with technology profitable option for traditional and modern mills Livestock waste Livestock waste: Methane Increased energy Typically profitable Technical: Awareness of Regional GEF Livestock (11.7 MtCO2e/yr) capture and electricity supply; improved with CDM and at benefits and technology Waste Management in East generation in 80 percent of water quality and times need subsidized Financial: Farms lack Asia Project (P079610); large-scale livestock farms sanitation credit in order to investment capital and Livestock Competitiveness and an additional 75,000 encourage adoption perceived risk among Project (P090723) small-scale biogas digesters banks is high due to lack through MARD program of knowledge (1.26 MtCO2e/yr)
AGRICULTURE Improving efficiency of fertilizer use in order to reduce nitrous oxide emissions (1.1 MtCO2e/yr) Improving the efficiency of fertilizer use in rice cultivation from 40% to 45% nationally (0.41 MtCO2e/yr) Reduced runoff from fertilizer; improved productivity Profitable Technical: Lack of knowledge of correct levels of application and variable quality of fertilizers Agricultural waste to energy (0.9 MtCO2e/yr) Utilization of 20% of rice husk production and 40% of bagasse production for power generation (0.15 MtCO2e/yr-0.06 MtCO2e rice; 0.09 MtCO2e bagasse) Increased energy supply Studies in Vietnam indicate large rice hull plants can be profitable and smaller plants can be profitable with additional revenues from CDM and ash; studies on bagasse in Vietnam indicate it is profitable option for traditional and modern mills Technical: Technology is not widespread in Vietnam Regulatory: lengthy approval and licensing process Financial: Difficulty in negotiating PPA and perceived risk from Banks due to lack of familiarity with technology Low-Cost Housing: Waste Rice Straw Construction Panels – GEF (P114893) Livestock waste (11.7 MtCO2e/yr) Livestock waste: Methane capture and electricity generation in 80 percent of large-scale livestock farms and an additional 75,000 small-scale biogas digesters through MARD program (1.26 MtCO2e/yr) Increased energy supply; improved water quality and sanitation Typically profitable with CDM and at times need subsidized credit in order to encourage adoption Technical: Awareness of benefits and technology Financial: Farms lack investment capital and perceived risk among banks is high due to lack of knowledge Regional GEF Livestock Waste Management in East Asia Project (P079610); Livestock Competitiveness Project (P090723)