Black Sea & 1 All C i Larus ichthyaetus Caspian/South-west Asia W Europe, 1 All C i Mediterranean & melanocephalus NW Africa Red Sea, Gulf, 1 Al C i hemprichii Arabia & Eastern Africa Red Sea & nearby 1 All NT C i Larus coasts leucophthalmus Mediterranean/N & 1 All C c Larus audouinii W coasts of Africa canus, NW & C 1 Breeding C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. canus Europe/Atlantic 251 coast & Mediterranean heinei, NE Europe 1 Breeding C c Larus canus & Western Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian vetula, Coastal 1 All C i Larus dominicanus Southern Africa vetula, Coastal 1 All C i dominicanus West Africa
Larus ichthyaetus Black Sea & Caspian/South-west Asia 1 All C i melanocephalus W Europe, Mediterranean & NW Africa 1 All C i hemprichii Red Sea, Gulf, Arabia & Eastern Africa 1 Al C i Larus leucophthalmus Red Sea & nearby coasts 1 All NT C i Larus audouinii Mediterranean/N & W coasts of Africa 1 All C c canus canus, NW & C Europe/Atlantic coast & Mediterranean 1 Breeding C c Gilbert et al. (2011) pp. 251 Larus canus heinei, NE Europe & Western Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian 1 Breeding C c Larus dominicanus vetula, Coastal Southern Africa 1 All C i dominicanus vetula, Coastal West Africa 1 All C i