APUSH Unit 12 Early Cold War APUSH 8.1 APUSH 8.3 – VUS.13a VUS.13c, VUS.15c – Truman: Foreign Policy Truman set the stage for U.S. foreign policy in the Cold War by pledging to stop the spread of communism through diplomatic, economic and military means. The United States responded to an uncertain and unstable postwar world by asserting and attempting to defend a position of global leadership, with far-reaching domestic and international consequences. After World War II, the United States sought to stem the growth of Communist military power and ideological influence, create a stable global economy, and build an international security system. The United States sought to Soviet-dominated communism through a variety of measures, including “contain” military engagements in Korea and Vietnam. The United States developed a foreign policy based on collective security and a multilateral economic framework that bolstered non-Communist nations. As the United States focused on containing communism, it faced increasingly complex foreign policy issues, including decolonization, shifting international alignments and regional conflicts, and global economic and environmental changes. Postwar decolonization and the emergence of powerful nationalist movements in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East led both sides in the Cold War to seek allies among new nations, many of which remained nonaligned. Americans debated the merits of a large nuclear arsenal and the appropriate power of the executive branch in conducting foreign and military policy. Potsdam Conference NSC-68 Jiang Jeishi (Chiang Kai-Shek) Hiroshima & Nagasaki war economy” Kuomintang (KMT) “Permanent United Nations Naval and air bases in Hampton Taiwan U.N. Security Council Roads, VA Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-Tung) Universal Declaration of Human Pentagon in Arlington, VA Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Rights Private military contractors in People’s Republic of China (PRC) Nuremberg & Tokyo Tribunals northern Virginia lost China” “Truman State of Israel, 1948 Truman Doctrine Korean War Second Geneva Convention, Turkey & Greece 38th Parallel 1949 Marshall Plan Landing at Inchon Cold War North Atlantic Treaty Chinese intervention in Korea Superpowers Organization (NATO) war” “Limited Iron Curtain Mutual defense action” “Police George F. Kennan Collective security Firing of Douglas MacArthur Containment policy Balance of power Civilian control over the military Organization of American States alliance Development of the hydrogen “Peacetime” (OAS) Berlin Blockade bomb National Security Act of 1947 Berlin Airlift Deterrence Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Chinese Civil War
APUSH Unit 12 Early Cold War APUSH 8.1 – APUSH 8.3 VUS.13a – VUS.13c, VUS.15c Truman: Foreign Policy Truman set the stage for U.S. foreign policy in the Cold War by pledging to stop the spread of communism through diplomatic, economic and military means. The United States responded to an uncertain and unstable postwar world by asserting and attempting to defend a position of global leadership, with far-reaching domestic and international consequences. After World War II, the United States sought to stem the growth of Communist military power and ideological influence, create a stable global economy, and build an international security system. The United States sought to “contain” Soviet-dominated communism through a variety of measures, including military engagements in Korea and Vietnam. The United States developed a foreign policy based on collective security and a multilateral economic framework that bolstered non-Communist nations. As the United States focused on containing communism, it faced increasingly complex foreign policy issues, including decolonization, shifting international alignments and regional conflicts, and global economic and environmental changes. Postwar decolonization and the emergence of powerful nationalist movements in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East led both sides in the Cold War to seek allies among new nations, many of which remained nonaligned. Americans debated the merits of a large nuclear arsenal and the appropriate power of the executive branch in conducting foreign and military policy. Potsdam Conference Hiroshima & Nagasaki United Nations U.N. Security Council Universal Declaration of Human Rights Nuremberg & Tokyo Tribunals State of Israel, 1948 Second Geneva Convention, 1949 Cold War Superpowers Iron Curtain George F. Kennan Containment policy Organization of American States (OAS) National Security Act of 1947 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) NSC-68 “Permanent war economy” Naval and air bases in Hampton Roads, VA Pentagon in Arlington, VA Private military contractors in northern Virginia Truman Doctrine Turkey & Greece Marshall Plan North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Mutual defense Collective security Balance of power “Peacetime” alliance Berlin Blockade Berlin Airlift Chinese Civil War Jiang Jeishi (Chiang Kai-Shek) Kuomintang (KMT) Taiwan Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-Tung) Chinese Communist Party (CCP) People’s Republic of China (PRC) “Truman lost China” Korean War 38th Parallel Landing at Inchon Chinese intervention in Korea “Limited war” “Police action” Firing of Douglas MacArthur Civilian control over the military Development of the hydrogen bomb Deterrence