Methods for reducing inputs: Diverting nutrient rich water away from wetlands. Removing nutrients from water before it reaches the wetland. Improve agricultural practices in surrounding landscape (e.g. methods and rates of applying fertiliser, stock management). Revegetation in wetland catchment (vegetation will trap and utilise nutrients), this might be more efficient than other methods if it targets specific areas (nutrient ‘hotspots’), e.g. eroding areas of the catchment. Establish and/or maintain appropriate vegetation buffers around wetlands. Do not use fertiliser in wetland. Exclude livestock and feral fauna from wetland. Do not use wetland for aquaculture. Methods for removing nutrients (DCNR 1996): Flushing or diluting wetland with low-nutrient water. Removing high nutrient sediment. Macrophyte uptake and subsequent harvesting. Macrophytes used for this purpose include Phragmites australis, Typha spp., Eleocharis sphacelata, Schoenoplectus validus, and Myriophyllum spp. The management action/s required to reduce nutrient inputs will depend on the source of the nutrients. See Table 19 for the threats, gain actions and the relevant management activities that might be selected for inclusion in the management plan. Table 19. Threats that contribute to nutrient enrichment, the actions that can be undertaken to score gain and the relevant management activities that can be selected for the management plan. Threat Gain action Management activity Discharge of nutrient-rich Stop or reduce discharge Stop discharge of nutrient-rich water to water to the wetland of nutrient-rich water to wetland from sewage, industrial wetland Reduce discharge of nutrient-rich water effluent and/or irrigation to wetland (note per cent reduction water and new volume, ML) Drainage of nutrient-rich Stop or reduce drainage Stop discharge of nutrient-rich water to water into the wetland of nutrient-rich water to wetland from an urban area wetland Reduce discharge of nutrient-rich water to wetland (note per cent reduction and new volume, ML) Runoff of nutrients to Change land Stop/reduce fertilizer application wetland management practice in Stop/reduce grazing in the catchment wetland catchment including the wetland buffer Improve wetland buffer - new width (metres from perimeter) Improve wetland buffer - new length (percentage of perimeter) Revegetate catchment
Methods for reducing inputs: Diverting nutrient rich water away from wetlands. Removing nutrients from water before it reaches the wetland. Improve agricultural practices in surrounding landscape (e.g. methods and rates of applying fertiliser, stock management). Revegetation in wetland catchment (vegetation will trap and utilise nutrients), this might be more efficient than other methods if it targets specific areas (nutrient ‘hotspots’), e.g. eroding areas of the catchment. Establish and/or maintain appropriate vegetation buffers around wetlands. Do not use fertiliser in wetland. Exclude livestock and feral fauna from wetland. Do not use wetland for aquaculture. Methods for removing nutrients (DCNR 1996): Flushing or diluting wetland with low-nutrient water. Removing high nutrient sediment. Macrophyte uptake and subsequent harvesting. Macrophytes used for this purpose include Phragmites australis, Typha spp., Eleocharis sphacelata, Schoenoplectus validus, and Myriophyllum spp. The management action/s required to reduce nutrient inputs will depend on the source of the nutrients. See Table 19 for the threats, gain actions and the relevant management activities that might be selected for inclusion in the management plan. Table 19. Threats that contribute to nutrient enrichment, the actions that can be undertaken to score gain and the relevant management activities that can be selected for the management plan. Threat Gain action Management activity Discharge of nutrient-rich water to the wetland from sewage, industrial effluent and/or irrigation water Stop or reduce discharge of nutrient-rich water to wetland Stop discharge of nutrient-rich water to wetland Reduce discharge of nutrient-rich water to wetland (note per cent reduction and new volume, ML) Drainage of nutrient-rich water into the wetland from an urban area Stop or reduce drainage of nutrient-rich water to wetland Stop discharge of nutrient-rich water to wetland Reduce discharge of nutrient-rich water to wetland (note per cent reduction and new volume, ML) Runoff of nutrients to wetland Change land management practice in wetland catchment Stop/reduce fertilizer application Stop/reduce grazing in the catchment including the wetland buffer Improve wetland buffer - new width (metres from perimeter) Improve wetland buffer - new length (percentage of perimeter) Revegetate catchment