travelling disturbances associated with anticyclonic • circulation: moisture front, line thunderstorms, coastal low pressure systems and South African berg winds; and reading and interpreting satellite images and synoptic • weather maps that illustrate weather associated with subtropical anti-cyclonic conditions 4 03/02/2014 Valley Climates [2 hours] the micro-climate of valleys (the effect of the slope • aspect); development of anabatic and katabatic winds, • inversions, frost pockets and radiation fog; and the influence of climates on human activities such as • settlement and farming. 05/02/2014 Urban Climates [2 hours] reasons for differences between rural and urban • climates; urban heat islands causes and effects; • – concept of pollution domes causes and effects; and • – strategies to reduce the heat island effect. • 2 Geomorphology 5 [5 hours] 10/05/2014 Drainage Systems in South Africa important concepts: drainage basin, catchment area, • river system, watershed, tributary, river mouth, source, confluence, water table, surface run-off and groundwater; types of rivers: permanent, periodic, episodic and exotic; • drainage patterns: dendritic, trellis, rectangular, radial, • centripetal, deranged and parallel; drainage density; • 6 use of topographic maps to identify stream and • density; and discharge of a laminar and turbulent flow. • 18/04/2014 Fluvial Processes [4 hours] river profiles: transverse profile, longitudinal profile and • their relationship to different stages of a river:
• travelling disturbances associated with anticyclonic circulation: moisture front, line thunderstorms, coastal low pressure systems and South African berg winds; and • reading and interpreting satellite images and synoptic weather maps that illustrate weather associated with subtropical anti-cyclonic conditions 4 03/02/2014 Valley Climates [2 hours] • the micro-climate of valleys (the effect of the slope aspect); • development of anabatic and katabatic winds, inversions, frost pockets and radiation fog; and • the influence of climates on human activities such as settlement and farming. 05/02/2014 Urban Climates [2 hours] • reasons for differences between rural and urban climates; • urban heat islands – causes and effects; • concept of pollution domes – causes and effects; and • strategies to reduce the heat island effect. 2 Geomorphology 5 10/05/2014 Drainage Systems in South Africa [5 hours] • important concepts: drainage basin, catchment area, river system, watershed, tributary, river mouth, source, confluence, water table, surface run-off and groundwater; • types of rivers: permanent, periodic, episodic and exotic; • drainage patterns: dendritic, trellis, rectangular, radial, centripetal, deranged and parallel; • drainage density; 6 • use of topographic maps to identify stream and density; and • discharge of a laminar and turbulent flow. 18/04/2014 Fluvial Processes [4 hours] • river profiles: transverse profile, longitudinal profile and their relationship to different stages of a river: