Appendix 3 Examples of methods available for investigations and validation monitoring, as part of Stage 3 commissioning and trials Table A3.1 provides examples of the tools available for conducting a Stage 3 assessment, including validation monitoring. Examples are given on a hazard-specific basis. A basic description and reference to sources of information or case studies is provided for each method. Table A3.1 Examples of the tools available for a Stage 3 assessment Hazard Methods of analysis Information provided References Pathogens Literature Stuyfzand et al (2002), Bekele et al • (2007) In situ or laboratory chamber decay • studies Bekele et al (2007) Indicative source concentrations Sampling and analysis of source water • • Greskowiak et al (2005) and native groundwatera Qualitative view of processes • Tracer testing, aquifer pump testing, • Source concentration, physicochemical electromagnetic flow metering • characteristics of ambient groundwater Transport models that include removal • processes Presence and quantity of reactive phases • Inorganics Literature Kinetics of processes • • Decision trees Quantitative understanding of processes • • Sampling and analysis of source water • and native groundwatera Appendixes 4 and 6, NRMMC– EPHC–AHMC (2006) Sampling and analysis of soil and aquifer • Toze and Hanna (2002) Toze et al Laboratory-scale column and batch tests • (2002) Geochemical modelling (PHREEQCb, • Pavelic et al (2006b) PHT3Dc) Indicative source concentrations and decay rates for • specific pathogens or indicator species Site-specific decay rates • Source concentration, physicochemical Appelo and Postma (2005) Appendix 7 • characteristics of ambient groundwater Herczeg et al (2004) Groundwater flow velocity, travel times •
Appendix 3 Examples of methods available for investigations and validation monitoring, as part of Stage 3 commissioning and trials Table A3.1 provides examples of the tools available for conducting a Stage 3 assessment, including validation monitoring. Examples are given on a hazard-specific basis. A basic description and reference to sources of information or case studies is provided for each method. Table A3.1 Examples of the tools available for a Stage 3 assessment Hazard Methods of analysis Information provided References Pathogens • Literature • In situ or laboratory chamber decay studies • Sampling and analysis of source water and native groundwatera • Tracer testing, aquifer pump testing, electromagnetic flow metering • Transport models that include removal processes Inorganics • Literature • Decision trees • Sampling and analysis of source water and native groundwatera • Sampling and analysis of soil and aquifer • Laboratory-scale column and batch tests • Geochemical modelling (PHREEQCb, PHT3Dc) • Indicative source concentrations and decay rates for specific pathogens or indicator species • Site-specific decay rates • Source concentration, physicochemical characteristics of ambient groundwater • Groundwater flow velocity, travel times • Indicative source concentrations • Qualitative view of processes • Source concentration, physicochemical characteristics of ambient groundwater • Presence and quantity of reactive phases • Kinetics of processes • Quantitative understanding of processes Appendixes 4 and 6, NRMMC– EPHC–AHMC (2006) Toze and Hanna (2002) Toze et al (2002) Pavelic et al (2006b) Appelo and Postma (2005) Appendix 7 Herczeg et al (2004) Stuyfzand et al (2002), Bekele et al (2007) Bekele et al (2007) Greskowiak et al (2005)