Shorthand/Abbreviations This handy guide lists commonly used shorthand notations and abbreviations used in academic writing. b/c because s/t something ch. chapter s/o someone e.g. for example alt. alternate esp. especially ans. answer etc. and so on bld. building govt. government calc. calculate i.e. that is cmps. campus min minimum catg. category max maximum chg. change no. number assoc. association nos. numbers ind. individual p page intro introduction pp. pages org. organization re regarding s/b should be ref reference tech technology vs. against, compared to co. company w/ with ev.th. everything w/o without // parallel yr. /yrs. year/years = equals/is ht. height % percent wt. weight ← comes from b/4 before → leads to, produces, re: regarding causes asap as soon as possible increasing/up ↑ wrt. write ↓ decreasing/down rt. right @ at wd./wds. word/words ? question diff. difference & and w/i within ~ approximately approx. approximately $ money, cost, price dept. department > greater than imp. important < less than incl. including ± give or take info. information # number lang. language 1st first prob. probably 2nd second probs. problems 3rd third sts. students + and tho’ though / per thro through
Shorthand/Abbreviations This handy guide lists commonly used shorthand notations and abbreviations used in academic writing. b/c because ch. chapter e.g. for example esp. especially etc. and so on govt. government i.e. that is min minimum max maximum no. number nos. numbers p page pp. pages re regarding ref reference vs. against, compared to w/ with w/o without yr. /yrs. year/years ht. height wt. weight b/4 before re: regarding asap as soon as possible wrt. write rt. right wd./wds. word/words diff. difference w/i within approx. approximately dept. department imp. important incl. including info. information lang. language prob. probably probs. problems sts. students tho’ though thro through s/t something s/o someone alt. alternate ans. answer bld. building calc. calculate cmps. campus catg. category chg. change assoc. association ind. individual intro introduction org. organization s/b should be tech technology co. company ev.th. everything // parallel = equals/is % percent ← comes from → leads to, produces, causes ↑ increasing/up ↓ decreasing/down @ at ? question & and ~ approximately $ money, cost, price > greater than < less than ± give or take # number 1st first 2nd second 3rd third + and / per