history of colorectal cancer in parents and siblings, menopausal status and hormone therapy use, history of endoscopy, and intakes of red meat, alcohol, calcium from foods, and total energy. Yang, 2011 WLHS, 133/ Cancer registry Incidence, Age, alcohol, BMI, COL40876 Prospective 49 259 FFQ colorectal cancer educational level, yes vs no 1.05 (0.64-1.71) Sweden Cohort, 15 years physical activity, W smoking Neuhouser, WHI, 1 590/ Self-report Questionnaire, Incidence, Any Age at examination, 2009 Prospective 161 808 verified by women brought colorectal cancer multivitamin blood pressure, COL40813 Cohort, 7.95 years medical record supplement (vitamins or cholesterol plasma, USA Age: 50-79 bottles to clinic vitaminerals or energy from fat, years, stress vitamins) estrogen replacement multivitamins W, (alone):=>10 (n yes= 635) therapy, family history vitamins and no Postmenopausal 0.99 (0.88-1.11) of cancer, family minerals, nutrient history of obesity, levels were at yes vs no Multivitamin (n fruits and vegetables least 100% of US yes=60) consumption, RDA 1.05 (0.79-1.41) randomization group, multivitamins study center, with minerals: 20 Multivitamins unopposed estrogen to 30 vitamins and with mineral (n use, supplements of minerals and yes=60) vitamin c, vitamin e nutrient levels <= 0.98 (0.86-1.11) supplement, calcium as 100% US RDA single supplement Stress supplement Stress (including antacids)
history of colorectal cancer in parents and siblings, menopausal status and hormone therapy use, history of endoscopy, and intakes of red meat, alcohol, calcium from foods, and total energy. Yang, 2011 COL40876 Sweden WLHS, Prospective Cohort, W 133/ 49 259 15 years Cancer registry FFQ Incidence, colorectal cancer yes vs no 1.05 (0.64-1.71) Age, alcohol, BMI, educational level, physical activity, smoking Neuhouser, 2009 COL40813 USA WHI, Prospective Cohort, Age: 50-79 years, W, Postmenopausal 1 590/ 161 808 7.95 years Self-report verified by medical record Questionnaire, women brought supplement bottles to clinic multivitamins (alone):=>10 vitamins and no minerals, nutrient levels were at least 100% of US RDA multivitamins with minerals: 20 to 30 vitamins and minerals and nutrient levels <= 100% US RDA Stress supplement Incidence, colorectal cancer yes vs no Any multivitamin (vitamins or vitaminerals or stress vitamins) (n yes= 635) 0.99 (0.88-1.11) Multivitamin (n yes=60) 1.05 (0.79-1.41) Multivitamins with mineral (n yes=60) 0.98 (0.86-1.11) Stress Age at examination, blood pressure, cholesterol plasma, energy from fat, estrogen replacement therapy, family history of cancer, family history of obesity, fruits and vegetables consumption, randomization group, study center, unopposed estrogen use, supplements of vitamin c, vitamin e supplement, calcium as single supplement (including antacids)