Table 6. Landscape 1 Climate Stressors, Climate Risks, Impacts and Potential Adaptive Responses for Kidepo Valley National Park (KVNP), Pian Upe – WR, Lakes Bisina-Opeta Wetlands and Surrounding Communities INDIRECT IMPACTS INDIRECT IMPACTS POTENTIAL CLIMATE DIRECT IMPACTS TO TO LIVELIHOODS TO BIODIVERSITY CLIMATE RISKS ADAPTIVE FROM BIODIVERSITY FROM LIVELIHOOD STRESSORS BIODIVERSITY RESPONSES IMPACTS IMPACTS Responses to As droughts biodiversity impacts: intensify, rainfall Integrate PA fire patterns change and Destruction of management temperatures vegetation; planning into increase, additionally, GMPs to address fire undercutting regeneration of threats. traditional pastoralist, vegetation will be Train PA staff in fire fishing and farming slower due to the management/ livelihoods practiced, increased length of controlled burning. populations will be dry periods. Most Decreased quality compelled to affected wildlife are: of tourism experience Responses to ostrich accelerate draining of and decreased livelihoods impacts: (breeding grounds) wetlands and cutting Higher temperatures revenue due to and grazers such as Identify alternative increased dispersal of trees, both zebra, kudu, locations as tourism and decreased adjacent to PAs and Droughts (generally hartebeest and eland. destinations within number of animals Increased incidence and to encroach on the between April and Since these animals the PAs. and diversity of spread of fire; the savanna PAs themselves, June) are prey for lion, species. Support tourism grassland ecosystem that exacerbating cheetah and leopard, PA resources, such as infrastructure dominates KVNP is highly biodiversity impacts predator populations Severe dry spells and development at honey, herbal plants, susceptible to fire. noted in the “Direct would be affected. erratic rains (particularly alternative sites. salt grass for grazing Impacts to (KVNP GMP, 2012). between May and July) Support and vegetables could Biodiversity” Animal mortality. domestication/onfarm be destroyed; column. Relocation of production of communities that rely wildlife outside of resources used by on these resources PA boundaries (may communities. would be affected. be temporary). Update sustainable Additional loss of use agreements habitat for the last between the PA and communities that population of the roan take into account antelope, which is effects of the new fire threatened with regime on PA extinction. resources. Undertake collaborative PA
Table 6. Landscape 1 – Climate Stressors, Climate Risks, Impacts and Potential Adaptive Responses for Kidepo Valley National Park (KVNP), Pian Upe WR, Lakes Bisina-Opeta Wetlands and Surrounding Communities CLIMATE STRESSORS CLIMATE RISKS DIRECT IMPACTS TO BIODIVERSITY INDIRECT IMPACTS TO LIVELIHOODS FROM BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS INDIRECT IMPACTS TO BIODIVERSITY FROM LIVELIHOOD IMPACTS POTENTIAL ADAPTIVE RESPONSES Higher temperatures Droughts (generally between April and June) Severe dry spells and erratic rains (particularly between May and July) Increased incidence and spread of fire; the savanna grassland ecosystem that dominates KVNP is highly susceptible to fire. Destruction of vegetation; additionally, regeneration of vegetation will be slower due to the increased length of dry periods. Most affected wildlife are: ostrich (breeding grounds) and grazers such as zebra, kudu, hartebeest and eland. Since these animals are prey for lion, cheetah and leopard, predator populations would be affected. (KVNP GMP, 2012). Animal mortality. Relocation of wildlife outside of PA boundaries (may be temporary). Additional loss of habitat for the last population of the roan antelope, which is threatened with extinction. Decreased quality of tourism experience and decreased revenue due to increased dispersal and decreased number of animals and diversity of species. PA resources, such as honey, herbal plants, salt grass for grazing and vegetables could be destroyed; communities that rely on these resources would be affected. As droughts intensify, rainfall patterns change and temperatures increase, undercutting traditional pastoralist, fishing and farming livelihoods practiced, populations will be compelled to accelerate draining of wetlands and cutting of trees, both adjacent to PAs and to encroach on the PAs themselves, exacerbating biodiversity impacts noted in the “Direct Impacts to Biodiversity” column. Responses to biodiversity impacts: Integrate PA fire management planning into GMPs to address fire threats. Train PA staff in fire management/ controlled burning. Responses to livelihoods impacts: Identify alternative locations as tourism destinations within the PAs. Support tourism infrastructure development at alternative sites. Support domestication/onfarm production of resources used by communities. Update sustainable use agreements between the PA and communities that take into account effects of the new fire regime on PA resources. Undertake collaborative PA