Coding framework Coding categories Contributions and Strategies What do we hear? (Key Words) me’, you rephrase Invite building on elaboration or ‘What?’ ‘Tell ‘Can IB Invite to build – this?’ you think?’ you agree?’ clarifying own or others’ ideas ‘Do ‘Do on ideas also’, me think’, mean’ Build on, elaborate or clarify own or B Build on ideas ‘it’s ‘that ‘I – others’ ideas disagree’, you Question, disagree with or challenge CH - Challenge ‘I ‘No’, ‘But’, ‘Are sure…?’ an idea or opinion you think?’ Invite others to explain, justify, and/or IR Invite ‘Why?’, ‘How?, ‘Do – use possibility thinking relating to reasoning their own or another’s ideas think’, Explain, justify and/or use possibility R Make reasoning ‘I ‘because’, ‘so’, ‘therefore’, ‘in – order to’, , like...’, thinking relating to own or another’s ‘if...then’, ‘it’s explicit if...’, ideas ‘imagine ‘could’, agree’, changed my mind’, sum Contrast and synthesise ideas, express CA - Coordinate and ‘I ‘I ‘to up…’, we all think that…’ agreement and consensus ‘So, with ideas lesson, me of’, Make pathway of learning explicit by C Connect ‘last ‘earlier’, ‘reminds – lesson’ linking to contributions / knowledge / ‘next experiences beyond the immediate dialogue Evaluate and reflect RD Reflect on ‘dialogue’, ‘talking’, ‘sharing’, – on learning activity “metacognitively” ‘collaborating’, ‘groupwork’, dialogue or activity ‘pairwork’, ‘task’, ‘activity’ about’, on’, Take responsibility for shaping G Guide direction ‘How ‘focus’, ‘concentrate – try’, hurry’ activity or focusing the dialogue in a ‘Let’s ‘no of dialogue or desired direction or use other activity scaffolding strategies to support dialogue or learning do you think about…?’, me’, Offer or invite relevant contributions E Express or invite ‘What ‘Tell – thoughts’, opinion’, to initiate or further a dialogue (ones ‘your ‘your ‘your ideas ideas’ not covered by other categories)
Coding framework Coding categories Contributions and Strategies What do we hear? (Key Words) IB – Invite to build on ideas Invite building on elaboration or clarifying own or others’ ideas ‘What?’ ‘Tell me’, ‘Can you rephrase this?’ ‘Do you think?’ ‘Do you agree?’ B – Build on ideas Build on, elaborate or clarify own or others’ ideas ‘it’s also’, ‘that me think’, ‘I mean’ CH - Challenge Question, disagree with or challenge an idea or opinion ‘I disagree’, ‘No’, ‘But’, ‘Are you sure…?’ IR – Invite reasoning Invite others to explain, justify, and/or use possibility thinking relating to their own or another’s ideas ‘Why?’, ‘How?, ‘Do you think?’ R – Make reasoning explicit Explain, justify and/or use possibility thinking relating to own or another’s ideas ‘I think’, ‘because’, ‘so’, ‘therefore’, ‘in order to’, ‘if...then’, , ‘it’s like...’, ‘imagine if...’, ‘could’, CA - Coordinate and with ideas Contrast and synthesise ideas, express agreement and consensus ‘I agree’, ‘I changed my mind’, ‘to sum up…’, ‘So, we all think that…’ C – Connect Make pathway of learning explicit by linking to contributions / knowledge / experiences beyond the immediate dialogue ‘last lesson, ‘earlier’, ‘reminds me of’, ‘next lesson’ RD – Reflect on dialogue or activity Evaluate and reflect “metacognitively” on learning activity ‘dialogue’, ‘talking’, ‘sharing’, ‘collaborating’, ‘groupwork’, ‘pairwork’, ‘task’, ‘activity’ G – Guide direction of dialogue or activity Take responsibility for shaping activity or focusing the dialogue in a desired direction or use other scaffolding strategies to support dialogue or learning ‘How about’, ‘focus’, ‘concentrate on’, ‘Let’s try’, ‘no hurry’ E – Express or invite ideas Offer or invite relevant contributions to initiate or further a dialogue (ones not covered by other categories) ‘What do you think about…?’, ‘Tell me’, ‘your thoughts’, ‘your opinion’, ‘your ideas’