years, M Hirayama, 1990 6 563/ Health centres Interview Mortality, rectal daily COL01508 prefectures 265 118 cancer, consumption vs 1.30 (1.08-1.57) Japan cohort study, 17 years no daily Outcome is Prospective consumption mortality, not Age, sex Cohort, enough studies 558/ Mortality, daily Age: 40- years, to do analysis cancer, consumption vs M/W 1.01 (0.81-1.26) no daily consumption Age, age started Stemmermann, HHP, 211/ Population Questionnaire + Incidence, vs 1.44 (0.96-2.14) ≥40 ≤0 smoking, current 1990 Prospective 7 572 recall cancer, oz/month Ptrend:0.16 smoking status, COL00816 Cohort, 24 years ex smoker USA Age: 46-68 101/ Incidence, rectal status, years, cancer, maximum M number of Included only in cigarettes highest versus smoked per day, lowest analysis vs 1.86 (1.02-3.38) ≥40 ≤0 number of Ptrend:0.01 cigarettes smoked, number of smoked maximum amount Hirayama, 1989 Japan 6 48/ Population Quantitative Mortality, drinkers vs Outcome is COL01024 prefectures 265 118 FFQ sigmoid cancer, 1.92 (1.13-3.26) mortality, Japan cohort study, 17 years women Age insufficient data Prospective 43/ Men drinkers vs 4.38 to do analysis Cohort, Age: 40- years,
years, M Hirayama, 1990 COL01508 Japan 6 prefectures cohort study, Prospective Cohort, Age: 40- years, M/W 563/ 265 118 17 years Health centres Interview Mortality, rectal cancer, daily consumption vs no daily consumption 1.30 (1.08-1.57) Age, sex Outcome is mortality, not enough studies to do analysis 558/ Mortality, cancer, daily consumption vs no daily consumption 1.01 (0.81-1.26) Stemmermann, 1990 COL00816 USA HHP, Prospective Cohort, Age: 46-68 years, M 211/ 7 572 24 years Population Questionnaire + recall Incidence, cancer, ≥40 vs ≤0 oz/month 1.44 (0.96-2.14) Ptrend:0.16 Age, age started smoking, current smoking status, ex smoker status, maximum number of cigarettes smoked per day, number of cigarettes smoked, number of smoked maximum amount Included only in highest versus lowest analysis 101/ Incidence, rectal cancer, ≥40 vs ≤0 1.86 (1.02-3.38) Ptrend:0.01 Hirayama, 1989 COL01024 Japan Japan 6 prefectures cohort study, Prospective Cohort, Age: 40- years, 48/ 265 118 17 years Population Quantitative FFQ Mortality, sigmoid cancer, women drinkers vs 1.92 (1.13-3.26) Age Outcome is mortality, insufficient data to do analysis 43/ Men drinkers vs 4.38