1 Fractional distillation 3.3.2.1 Fractional distillation of AT a, d and k 6.1 of oil crude oil PS 1.2: Fractional Explain why alkanes are saturated Alkanes are saturated distillation of a crude oil Practical investigation of hydrocarbons hydrocarbons. Petroleum is a substitute. fractional distillation to Describe how alkanes in petroleum can recap the process. mixture consisting mainly of be separated by fractional distillation Revision of different alkane hydrocarbons that can Explain the uses of different fractions fractions and their uses be separated by fractional distillation. 2 Cracking processes 3.3.2.2 Modification of alkanes 6.2 by cracking what happens explain the economic reasons for Cracking involves the breaking during cracking. Explain cracking of C–C bonds in alkanes. the differences between explain the differences between thermal and catalytic thermal cracking and catalytic cracking Thermal cracking takes place at cracking. use chemical equations to describe high pressure and high cracking temperature and produces a 3 Catalytic cracking high percentage of alkenes 6.2 Carry out an (mechanism not required). investigation of the follow and experimental procedure Catalytic cracking takes place at catalytic cracking of safely to crack liquid paraffin a slight pressure, high paraffin. describe the differences between temperature and in the and continuous processes presence of a zeolite catalyst explain why zeolites are used as the catalysts and is used mainly to produce motor fuels and aromatic hydrocarbons (mechanism not required). Students should be able to explain the economic reasons for the cracking of alkanes. 4 Combustion of alkanes 6.3 3.3.2.3 Combustion of alkanes Alkanes are used as fuels. Use ideas about energy explain why alkanes are used as fuels diagrams and enthalpy describe the differences between Combustion can be complete or of combustion to explain complete and incomplete combustion incomplete. why alkanes are useful
1 Fractional distillation of oil Practical investigation of fractional distillation to recap the process. Revision of different fractions and their uses Explain why alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons Describe how alkanes in petroleum can be separated by fractional distillation Explain the uses of different fractions 3.3.2.1 Fractional distillation of crude oil Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. Petroleum is a mixture consisting mainly of alkane hydrocarbons that can be separated by fractional distillation. AT a, d and k PS 1.2: Fractional distillation of a crude oil substitute. 6.1 2 Cracking processes what happens during cracking. Explain the differences between thermal and catalytic cracking. explain the economic reasons for cracking explain the differences between thermal cracking and catalytic cracking use chemical equations to describe cracking 3.3.2.2 Modification of alkanes by cracking Cracking involves the breaking of C–C bonds in alkanes. Thermal cracking takes place at high pressure and high temperature and produces a high percentage of alkenes (mechanism not required). Catalytic cracking takes place at a slight pressure, high temperature and in the presence of a zeolite catalyst and is used mainly to produce motor fuels and aromatic hydrocarbons (mechanism not required). Students should be able to explain the economic reasons for the cracking of alkanes. 6.2 3 Catalytic cracking Carry out an investigation of the catalytic cracking of paraffin. follow and experimental procedure safely to crack liquid paraffin describe the differences between and continuous processes explain why zeolites are used as the catalysts 6.2 4 Combustion of alkanes Use ideas about energy diagrams and enthalpy of combustion to explain why alkanes are useful explain why alkanes are used as fuels describe the differences between complete and incomplete combustion 3.3.2.3 Combustion of alkanes Alkanes are used as fuels. Combustion can be complete or incomplete. 6.3