Ultra-Structural Cellular Changes in chili pepper Roots Induced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization ANFAL MUAYAD JALALULDEEN 1 1,Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul-Ehsan, Malaysia 3institute of tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul-Ehsan, Malaysia Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of simultaneous and spatial inoculation Actinomycetes and Mycorrhizal fungi in the control of Fusarium wilt in pepper, and their effects on the cell structures of the infected plants using Scanning Electron Microscope. SEM observations showed that chilli root cell walls can colonize intensively by The G. mosseae. presence of structures in an enormous amount was attributed to a cell wall G. mosseae lignification. Net of vehicles in addition to Mature spores of and arbuscular were G. mosseae shown attached to the root cell in Scanning Electron Microscope observation. A Large number of small vacuoles observed as a response to the heavy colonization by The colonization G. mosseae. by occurred during the hyphae structure between root epidermal cells and the vast G. mosseae number of nuclei. The nuclei are observed in colonized cells and new entry point in the cell wall. Endophytic penetrates the root and grow expansively between and within living G. mosseae cortical cells and affects a lot of aspects of root metabolism. Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Scanning electron microscopy. Cell wall, Arbuscular. Introduction Chilli (Capsicum L.) is fruit-vegetable that usually found in multiethnic of Malaysian’s annum daily food menu. It is extremely popular for the enormous content of vitamin C and total soluble phenolics elevated than another vegetables commonly recognized as a source of this substance (Marinova 2005; Anil Kumar 2009). The major disease of chilli crop is et al., et al., Fusarium
Ultra-Structural Cellular Changes in chili pepper Roots Induced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization ANFAL MUAYAD JALALULDEEN 1 1,Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul-Ehsan, Malaysia 3institute of tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul-Ehsan, Malaysia Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of simultaneous and spatial inoculation Actinomycetes and Mycorrhizal fungi in the control of Fusarium wilt in pepper, and their effects on the cell structures of the infected plants using Scanning Electron Microscope. SEM observations showed that chilli root cell walls can colonize intensively by G. mosseae. The presence of G. mosseae structures in an enormous amount was attributed to a cell wall lignification. Net of vehicles in addition to Mature spores of G. mosseae and arbuscular were shown attached to the root cell in Scanning Electron Microscope observation. A Large number of small vacuoles observed as a response to the heavy colonization by G. mosseae. The colonization by G. mosseae occurred during the hyphae structure between root epidermal cells and the vast number of nuclei. The nuclei are observed in colonized cells and new entry point in the cell wall. Endophytic G. mosseae penetrates the root and grow expansively between and within living cortical cells and affects a lot of aspects of root metabolism. Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Scanning electron microscopy. Cell wall, Arbuscular. Introduction Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is fruit-vegetable that usually found in multiethnic of Malaysian’s daily food menu. It is extremely popular for the enormous content of vitamin C and total soluble phenolics elevated than another vegetables commonly recognized as a source of this substance (Marinova et al., 2005; Anil Kumar et al., 2009). The major disease of chilli crop is Fusarium