Table 7.2: Options and sub-options exposure-reduction – Option Description(a,b) Target based on average PM2.5 ‘Exposure index’ 10% reduction in the annual mean PM2.5 ER1 concentration at metropolitan AAQ NEPM concentration between 2015 and 2025 monitoring sites within a jurisdiction framework Continual improvement and/or no based on average PM2.5 ‘Exposure index’ co-option deterioration. Exposure index is used to ER2 concentration at metropolitan AAQ NEPM assess progress in terms of reducing monitoring sites within a jurisdiction exposure The could either be specified as a single year average or a multi-year average (for example, a three-year average ‘exposure index’ is used in the EU). There is no explicit population weighting in the options, although population-weighted exposures were calculated for option ER1 in the Economic Analysis, as concentrations were estimated in both urban and rural areas. The population-weighted concentrations were biased towards urban areas, and therefore broadly equivalent to an exposure index for such areas. In Section it was indicated that a complete understanding of population exposure in Australia would involve significant investment. However, undertaking the first steps towards characterising exposure based on the existing monitoring network would require little or no investment on the part of the jurisdictions. The robustness of the exposure index in a given jurisdiction would increase as jurisdictions monitor PM2.5 at more sites.
Table 7.2: Options and sub-options – exposure-reduction Option Description(a,b) Target framework co-option ER1 ‘Exposure index’ based on average PM2.5 concentration at metropolitan AAQ NEPM monitoring sites within a jurisdiction 10% reduction in the annual mean PM2.5 concentration between 2015 and 2025 ER2 ‘Exposure index’ based on average PM2.5 concentration at metropolitan AAQ NEPM monitoring sites within a jurisdiction Continual improvement and/or no deterioration. Exposure index is used to assess progress in terms of reducing exposure The ‘exposure index’ could either be specified as a single year average or a multi-year average (for example, a three-year average is used in the EU). There is no explicit population weighting in the options, although population-weighted exposures were calculated for option ER1 in the Economic Analysis, as concentrations were estimated in both urban and rural areas. The population-weighted concentrations were biased towards urban areas, and therefore broadly equivalent to an exposure index for such areas. In Section it was indicated that a complete understanding of population exposure in Australia would involve significant investment. However, undertaking the first steps towards characterising exposure based on the existing monitoring network would require little or no investment on the part of the jurisdictions. The robustness of the exposure index in a given jurisdiction would increase as jurisdictions monitor PM2.5 at more sites.