flue gas gas treatment treatment Low Medium Medium Low Low Technology is Operator Operator Technology Technology operating has to be has to be is operating is operating Ease of automatically trained trained operation and and monitored monitored properly properly Local Low Medium Low Medium Low availability of Not available in Can be Not Available for Not operational SS available CSSD available in skills locally in SS SS Medium Low High High High Additional Break High High quality High quality mechanical down likely quality technology technology Reliability treatment technology required (shredder) High Low High High High High quality Early High High quality High quality Durability materials break quality materials materials down likely materials High High Medium Low Low Chemical Even if If operated No impacts No impacts Impact waste water is operated properly generated properly Evaluation of the different systems Existing methods for the treatment of medical waste in include open burning, one chamber incineration, and usage of advanced small scale incinerators (SSI). The usage of the traffic light system easily highlights that open burning and “one chamber SSI” are rated in red colour for the indicators and “reliability”, “durability” impact”. For all used methods the environmental impact is very “environmental high as hazardous fume gases are emitted. Especially low temperature burning of waste from medical facilities is generating hazardous substances like dioxin and furans. scale incinerators are designed to meet an immediate need for public health protection where there is no access to more sophisticated technologies. This involves a compromise between the environmental impacts from controlled combustion with an overriding need to protect public health if the only alternative is indiscriminate dumping. These circumstances exist in many developing situations and small scale incineration can be a realistic response to an immediate requirement. As far as possible, a small scale facility should avoid burning polyvinyl chloride plastics and other chlorinated waste. WHO commissioned a screening health risk assessment for exposure to dioxins and furans from small-scale incinerators in 2004. The study found that the
flue gas treatment gas treatment Ease of operation Low Technology is operating automatically Medium Operator has to be trained and monitored properly Medium Operator has to be trained and monitored properly Low Technology is operating Low Technology is operating Local availability of operational skills Low Not available in SS Medium Can be locally Low Not available in SS Medium Available for CSSD Low Not available in SS Reliability Medium Additional mechanical treatment required (shredder) Low Break down likely High High quality technology High High quality technology High High quality technology Durability High High quality materials Low Early break down likely High High quality materials High High quality materials High High quality materials Impact High Chemical waste water is generated High Even if operated properly Medium If operated properly Low No impacts Low No impacts Evaluation of the different systems Existing methods for the treatment of medical waste in include open burning, one chamber incineration, and usage of advanced small scale incinerators (SSI). The usage of the traffic light system easily highlights that open burning and “one chamber SSI” are rated in red colour for the indicators “reliability”, “durability” and “environmental impact”. For all used methods the environmental impact is very high as hazardous fume gases are emitted. Especially low temperature burning of waste from medical facilities is generating hazardous substances like dioxin and furans. scale incinerators are designed to meet an immediate need for public health protection where there is no access to more sophisticated technologies. This involves a compromise between the environmental impacts from controlled combustion with an overriding need to protect public health if the only alternative is indiscriminate dumping. These circumstances exist in many developing situations and small scale incineration can be a realistic response to an immediate requirement. As far as possible, a small scale facility should avoid burning polyvinyl chloride plastics and other chlorinated waste. WHO commissioned a screening health risk assessment for exposure to dioxins and furans from small-scale incinerators in 2004. The study found that the