Incidence, distal colon active (r2-4) vs 45/ cancer, 0.80 (0.41-1.56) sedentary (r1) women, distal sites IWHS, Age, total Prospective 212/ Bostick, 1994 energy intake, Cohort, 35 216 Incidence, COL00079 SEER Questionnaire vigorous vs low 0.95 (0.68-1.39) height, parity, Age: 55-69 167 447 colon cancer USA total vitamin E, years, vitamin A intake W Harvard Alumni 280/ Incidence, vs 1.08 (0.81-1.46) ≥2500 ≤999 Health Study 17 607 colon cancer Harvard 1962-1966, Lee, 1994 alumni Prospective Age, family COL40790 Questionnaire Cohort, history of cancer Incidence, USA and death 53/ vs 1.71 (0.88-3.31) Age: 30-79 ≥2500 ≤999 rectal cancer certificates years, M Swedish Twin hardly any & Incidence, Follow-up 16 477 light vs regular 1.20 (0.70-2.20) Gerhardsson, rectal cancer, Study, 14 & hard 1988 Cancer Prospective Questionnaire Age, sex COL01044 registry hardly any or Cohort, Incidence, Sweden 121/ light vs regular 1.60 (1.00-2.70) M/W, cancer, twin individuals & hard 58/ Incidence, Leisure World vs ≥2 ≤0 Wu, 1987 11 644 colorectal 0.40 (0.20-0.80) Cohort, Population hours/day COL00774 4.5 years cancer, male Prospective registries USA Cohort, 68/ Female vs 0.89 (0.50-1.60) ≥2 ≤0
45/ Incidence, distal colon cancer, women, distal sites active (r2-4) vs sedentary (r1) 0.80 (0.41-1.56) Bostick, 1994 COL00079 USA IWHS, Prospective Cohort, Age: 55-69 years, W 212/ 35 216 167 447 SEER Questionnaire Incidence, colon cancer vigorous vs low 0.95 (0.68-1.39) Age, total energy intake, height, parity, total vitamin E, vitamin A intake Lee, 1994 COL40790 USA Harvard Alumni Health Study 1962-1966, Prospective Cohort, Age: 30-79 years, M 280/ 17 607 Harvard alumni and death certificates Questionnaire Incidence, colon cancer ≥2500 vs ≤999 1.08 (0.81-1.46) Age, family history of cancer 53/ Incidence, rectal cancer ≥2500 vs ≤999 1.71 (0.88-3.31) Gerhardsson, 1988 COL01044 Sweden Swedish Twin Follow-up Study, Prospective Cohort, M/W, twin individuals 16 477 14 Cancer registry Questionnaire Incidence, rectal cancer, hardly any & light vs regular & hard 1.20 (0.70-2.20) Age, sex 121/ Incidence, cancer, hardly any or light vs regular & hard 1.60 (1.00-2.70) Wu, 1987 COL00774 USA Leisure World Cohort, Prospective Cohort, 58/ 11 644 4.5 years Population registries Incidence, colorectal cancer, male ≥2 vs ≤0 hours/day 0.40 (0.20-0.80) 68/ Female ≥2 vs ≤0 0.89 (0.50-1.60)