utility reached statistical significance. Chancellor et al. (2006) used the alongside TTO to obtain 2 sets of utility estimates, and found estimates derived using the EQ-5D to be lower than those derived from TTO. Summary of Methodological Approaches. Anchoring of Death Several of the included studies used a two-stage or chaining technique for the valuation of health states, specifically when the states under evaluation did not contain a risk of death (Matza et al. 2013; Boye et al. 2011; Chancellor et al. 2008; Birch et al. 2003; Howard et al. 2012; Cairns et al. 2011). Using this methodology, rather than immediate death being compared to full health, an state (which is better than death but worse than the “anchor” scenarios under evaluation) is used. This anchor state is then compared with an intermediate health state of interest. Scores are then converted onto a scale of 0 representing death and 1 representing full health. This is the methodology suggested by Torrance (1986) for the valuation of temporary health states. For some studies the exact methodology used is not clear, for example Hutchins et al. (2015) report that utilities range from 0 to 1, “usually with 0 representing death and 1 representing perfect however, in health”,
utility reached statistical significance. Chancellor et al. (2006) used the alongside TTO to obtain 2 sets of utility estimates, and found estimates derived using the EQ-5D to be lower than those derived from TTO. Summary of Methodological Approaches. Anchoring of Death Several of the included studies used a two-stage or chaining technique for the valuation of health states, specifically when the states under evaluation did not contain a risk of death (Matza et al. 2013; Boye et al. 2011; Chancellor et al. 2008; Birch et al. 2003; Howard et al. 2012; Cairns et al. 2011). Using this methodology, rather than immediate death being compared to full health, an “anchor” state (which is better than death but worse than the scenarios under evaluation) is used. This anchor state is then compared with an intermediate health state of interest. Scores are then converted onto a scale of 0 representing death and 1 representing full health. This is the methodology suggested by Torrance (1986) for the valuation of temporary health states. For some studies the exact methodology used is not clear, for example Hutchins et al. (2015) report that utilities “usually range from 0 to 1, with 0 representing death and 1 representing perfect health”, however, in