Adding s and es to cats, dogs, spends, rocks, If the ending sounds like /s/ or /z/, it is spelt as words (plural of nouns thanks, catches –s. If the ending sounds like /ɪz/ and forms an and the third person extra syllable or ‘beat’ in the word, it is spelt as singular of verbs) –es. Adding the endings –ing and –er always add an extra syllable to the hunting, hunted, hunter, –ed and –er to word and –ed sometimes does. buzzing, buzzed, buzzer, verbs where no change jumping, jumped, jumper The past tense of some verbs may sound as if it is needed to the root ends in /ɪd/ (extra syllable), /d/ or /t/ (no extra word syllable), but all these endings are spelt –ed. If the verb ends in two consonant letters (the same or different), the ending is simply added on. Adding –er and –est to As with verbs (see above), if the adjective ends grander, grandest, adjectives where no in two consonant letters (the same or fresher, freshest, quicker, change is needed to the different), the ending is simply added on. quickest root word
Adding s and es to words (plural of nouns and the third person singular of verbs) If the ending sounds like /s/ or /z/, it is spelt as –s. If the ending sounds like /ɪz/ and forms an extra syllable or ‘beat’ in the word, it is spelt as –es. cats, dogs, spends, rocks, thanks, catches Adding the endings –ed and –er to verbs where no change is needed to the root word –ing and –er always add an extra syllable to the word and –ed sometimes does. The past tense of some verbs may sound as if it ends in /ɪd/ (extra syllable), /d/ or /t/ (no extra syllable), but all these endings are spelt –ed. If the verb ends in two consonant letters (the same or different), the ending is simply added on. hunting, hunted, hunter, buzzing, buzzed, buzzer, jumping, jumped, jumper Adding –er and –est to adjectives where no change is needed to the root word As with verbs (see above), if the adjective ends in two consonant letters (the same or different), the ending is simply added on. grander, grandest, fresher, freshest, quicker, quickest