2 4.7 x 3.5 x 45 28 30 103 103 3 3.8 x 2.3 x 41 10 10 103 103 Mean of 4.0 x 2.5 x 44 12 10 this batch 103 103 3 E 1 5.8 x 3.1 x 39 16 10 103 103 2 7.5 x 5.0 x 31 23 12 103 103 3 5.8 x 3.2 x 36 16 10 103 103 Mean of 6.4 x 3.4 x 35 16 10 this batch 103 103 3 F 1 5.5 x 3.3 x 34 19 10 103 103 2 6.0 x 4.5 x 36 24 17 103 103 3 5.5 x 3.2 x 34 20 10 103 103 Mean of 6.6 x 3.1 x 36 18 10 this batch 103 103 Step 1 = weighing out the TiO2 powder Step 2 = grinding TiO2 mortar and pestle Step 3 = pasting powder onto slides Discussion The time-series plots from Figures 15 and 16 are reflective of the process operation and the local background particle exposure, and have been used in Table 9 to examine variability in peak PNC, mass concentration, CMD, and alveolar deposited surface area associated with Process 3. Table 9: Summary of peak particle metrics at emission source during Process 3 operation compared to the peak associated with local background particle exposure (LBPE) Process PNC PNC PM2.5 [μg m-3] CMD [nm] alveolar 300 to 3000nm >3000 to surface area PNC 20 to [p cm-3] 10000nm DustTrak SMPS [µm2 cm-3 ] 1000nm [p cm-3] OPC [p cm-3] NSAM CPC P-Trak OPC Peak Peak of Peak Peak of Peak Peak of Peak Peak of Peak Peak of Peak Peak of during LBPE during LBPE during LBPE during LBPE during LBPE during LBPE 1.1 x 104 3.2 x 103 # # # # 70 10 46 37 81 35 # not measured The data from 9 show that Process 3 is a peak emitter of particles within the size range of approximately 20 to 1000 nm. The peak in PM2.5 concentration suggests a supermicrometre particle contribution, whilst the SMPS data (upper size range of 160 nm) indicates insignificant ultrafine contribution. The significant peaks in alveolar deposited surface area confirm the
2 4.7 x 103 3.5 x 103 45 28 30 3 3.8 x 103 2.3 x 103 41 10 10 Mean of this batch 4.0 x 103 2.5 x 103 44 12 10 3 E 1 5.8 x 103 3.1 x 103 39 16 10 2 7.5 x 103 5.0 x 103 31 23 12 3 5.8 x 103 3.2 x 103 36 16 10 Mean of this batch 6.4 x 103 3.4 x 103 35 16 10 3 F 1 5.5 x 103 3.3 x 103 34 19 10 2 6.0 x 103 4.5 x 103 36 24 17 3 5.5 x 103 3.2 x 103 34 20 10 Mean of this batch 6.6 x 103 3.1 x 103 36 18 10 Step 1 = weighing out the TiO2 powder Step 2 = grinding TiO2 mortar and pestle Step 3 = pasting powder onto slides Discussion The time-series plots from Figures 15 and 16 are reflective of the process operation and the local background particle exposure, and have been used in Table 9 to examine variability in peak PNC, mass concentration, CMD, and alveolar deposited surface area associated with Process 3. Table 9: Summary of peak particle metrics at emission source during Process 3 operation compared to the peak associated with local background particle exposure (LBPE) Process PNC 20 to 1000nm [p cm-3] CPC P-Trak PNC 300 to 3000nm [p cm-3] OPC PNC >3000 to 10000nm [p cm-3] OPC PM2.5 [μg m-3] DustTrak CMD [nm] SMPS alveolar surface area [µm2 cm-3 ] NSAM Peak during Peak of LBPE Peak during Peak of LBPE Peak during Peak of LBPE Peak during Peak of LBPE Peak during Peak of LBPE Peak during Peak of LBPE 1.1 x 104 3.2 x 103 # # # # 70 10 46 37 81 35 # not measured The data from 9 show that Process 3 is a peak emitter of particles within the size range of approximately 20 to 1000 nm. The peak in PM2.5 concentration suggests a supermicrometre particle contribution, whilst the SMPS data (upper size range of 160 nm) indicates insignificant ultrafine contribution. The significant peaks in alveolar deposited surface area confirm the