Science and Pre-K–2 3–5 Condensed 6–8 Condensed Engineering Condensed 9–12 Condensed Practices Practices Practices Practices Practices Asking questions and Asking questions and Asking questions and 1. Asking Questions Asking questions and defining defining problems in defining problems in 3–5 defining problems in 6–8 and Defining problems in 9–12 builds on pre-K–2 builds on prior builds on pre-K–2 builds on pre-K–5 experiences and progresses Problems experiences and experiences and progresses experiences and progresses to formulating, refining, and progresses to simple to specifying qualitative to specifying relationships evaluating empirically testable A practice of science is descriptive questions relationships. between variables, and questions and design problems to ask and refine that can be tested. clarifying arguments and using models and simulations. questions that lead to models. descriptions and explanations of how Ask questions about what Ask questions: Ask questions: Ask questions based would happen if a That arise from careful the natural and on observations to That arise from careful designed world works variable is changed. observation of phenomena, or find more observation of and which can be unexpected results, to clarify information about phenomena, models, or empirically tested. and/or seek additional the natural and/or unexpected results, to information. designed worlds. clarify and/or seek That arise from examining additional information. Engineering questions models or a theory, to clarify To identify and/or clarify problems to and/or seek additional clarify evidence and/or determine criteria for information and the premise(s) of an successful solutions relationships. argument. and identify To determine relationships, To determine constraints to solve including quantitative problems about the relationships between relationships, between independent and designed world. independent and dependent dependent variables variables. and relationships in Both scientists and To clarify and refine a model, models. engineers also ask an explanation, or an To clarify and/or refine questions to clarify engineering problem. a model, an explanation, ideas. or an engineering problem.
Science and Engineering Practices Pre-K–2 Condensed Practices 3–5 Condensed Practices 6–8 Condensed Practices 9–12 Condensed Practices 1. Asking Questions and Defining Problems A practice of science is to ask and refine questions that lead to descriptions and explanations of how the natural and designed world works and which can be empirically tested. Engineering questions clarify problems to determine criteria for successful solutions and identify constraints to solve problems about the designed world. Both scientists and engineers also ask questions to clarify ideas. Asking questions and defining problems in pre-K–2 builds on prior experiences and progresses to simple descriptive questions that can be tested. Asking questions and defining problems in 3–5 builds on pre-K–2 experiences and progresses to specifying qualitative relationships. Asking questions and defining problems in 6–8 builds on pre-K–5 experiences and progresses to specifying relationships between variables, and clarifying arguments and models. Asking questions and defining problems in 9–12 builds on experiences and progresses to formulating, refining, and evaluating empirically testable questions and design problems using models and simulations. Ask questions based on observations to find more information about the natural and/or designed worlds. Ask questions about what would happen if a variable is changed. Ask questions: That arise from careful observation of phenomena, models, or unexpected results, to clarify and/or seek additional information. To identify and/or clarify evidence and/or the premise(s) of an argument. To determine relationships between independent and dependent variables and relationships in models. To clarify and/or refine a model, an explanation, or an engineering problem. Ask questions: That arise from careful observation of phenomena, or unexpected results, to clarify and/or seek additional information. That arise from examining models or a theory, to clarify and/or seek additional information and relationships. To determine relationships, including quantitative relationships, between independent and dependent variables. To clarify and refine a model, an explanation, or an engineering problem.