4.1 INTRODUCTION 116 4.2 HISTORICAL GENDERING 116 4.3 SEX RELATED OR SEX SPECIFIC? 122 4.4 CONTEMPORARY GENDERING OF WITCHCRAFT 127 128 4.4.1 Ghana 140 4.4.2 India 149 4.4.3 Nepal 153 4.4.4 Papua New Guinea 4.5 COMMON THEMES 162 162 4.5.1 Patriarchal Society 164 4.5.2 Poverty and Remoteness 167 4.5.3 Healthcare and Pandemics 169 4.5.4 Caste System 4.6 DIFFERENCES 170 4.7 CONCLUSION 172 174 CHAPTER FIVE WITCHCRAFT, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN – AND INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 5.1 INTRODUCTION 174 5.2 PROTECTION OF WOMEN UNDER INTERNATIONAL 174 HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 176 5.2.1 Establishing Human Rights Violations 5.3 CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF 180 DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) 185 5.3.1 Optional Protocol to CEDAW 187 5.3.2 CEDAW Committee 5.4 COMPLIANCE WITH CEDAW 188 189 5.4.1 Nepal 192 5.4.2 India 197 5.4.3 Ghana 201 5.4.4 Papua New Guinea 204 5.4.5 Evaluation of the CEDAW Committee 5.5 DECLARATION ON THE ELIMINATION OF 206 DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
4.1 INTRODUCTION 116 4.2 HISTORICAL GENDERING 116 4.3 SEX RELATED OR SEX SPECIFIC? 122 4.4 CONTEMPORARY GENDERING OF WITCHCRAFT 127 4.4.1 Ghana 128 4.4.2 India 140 4.4.3 Nepal 149 4.4.4 Papua New Guinea 153 4.5 COMMON THEMES 162 4.5.1 Patriarchal Society 162 4.5.2 Poverty and Remoteness 164 4.5.3 Healthcare and Pandemics 167 4.5.4 Caste System 169 4.6 DIFFERENCES 170 4.7 CONCLUSION 172 CHAPTER FIVE – WITCHCRAFT, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 174 AND INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 5.1 INTRODUCTION 174 5.2 PROTECTION OF WOMEN UNDER INTERNATIONAL 174 HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 5.2.1 Establishing Human Rights Violations 176 5.3 CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF 180 DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) 5.3.1 Optional Protocol to CEDAW 185 5.3.2 CEDAW Committee 187 5.4 COMPLIANCE WITH CEDAW 188 5.4.1 Nepal 189 5.4.2 India 192 5.4.3 Ghana 197 5.4.4 Papua New Guinea 201 5.4.5 Evaluation of the CEDAW Committee 204 5.5 DECLARATION ON THE ELIMINATION OF 206 DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN