From the study by Maguire et al (taxi drivers): Identify and outline one independent variable from the study. [2] Most likely: Taxi drivers compared on: • topographical task type: topographical (routes/landmarks) v nontopographical (film plots/film frames) • sequential task type: sequential (routes/film plots) v nonsequential (landmarks/film frames) • test (any of above) v baseline (speech output) 1 mark partial (both levels/conditions of an IV identified), 2 marks full (identified and described – any pair of levels/conditions sufficient). N.B. Taxi drivers/non-taxi drivers is incorrect N.B. just one level, e.g. ‘routes’ is insufficient = 0 marks accept semantic/non-semantic Identify and outline one dependent variable from the study. [2] Most likely: PET scan result; (1 mark) amount of brain activity/level of radioactivity (from colour on PET scan); volume of hippocampus (left/right/anterior/posterior/body) volume of grey matter Also: duration of speech (in seconds); content of speech (in seconds); 1 mark partial (named), 2 marks full (name and outline). ‘brain region activated’ = minimum for 2 From the study by Maguire et al (taxi drivers): Describe one way in which experienced taxi drivers are unusual in their way-finding. [2] Extensive (topographical) knowledge of area (London) (acquired through 3 years’ training / passing exams). Better knowledge of short cuts. Knowledge of minor streets, use a bigger right (posterior) hippocampus e.g.: They know London better (1 mark) They would know more streets and their names (2 marks) 1 mark partial (way in which they differ), 2 marks full (some detail) Describe one way in which experienced taxi drivers are similar to other people in their way-finding. [2] Most likely: The cognitive strategies they use in way-finding e.g. using landmarks and routes. use their right hippocampus 1 mark partial, 2 marks full From the study by Maguire et al (taxi drivers):
From the study by Maguire et al (taxi drivers): Identify and outline one independent variable from the study. [2] Most likely: Taxi drivers compared on: • topographical task type: topographical (routes/landmarks) v nontopographical (film plots/film frames) • sequential task type: sequential (routes/film plots) v nonsequential (landmarks/film frames) • test (any of above) v baseline (speech output) 1 mark partial (both levels/conditions of an IV identified), 2 marks full (identified and described – any pair of levels/conditions sufficient). N.B. Taxi drivers/non-taxi drivers is incorrect N.B. just one level, e.g. ‘routes’ is insufficient = 0 marks accept semantic/non-semantic Identify and outline one dependent variable from the study. [2] Most likely: PET scan result; (1 mark) amount of brain activity/level of radioactivity (from colour on PET scan); volume of hippocampus (left/right/anterior/posterior/body) volume of grey matter Also: duration of speech (in seconds); content of speech (in seconds); 1 mark partial (named), 2 marks full (name and outline). ‘brain region activated’ = minimum for 2 From the study by Maguire et al (taxi drivers): Describe one way in which experienced taxi drivers are unusual in their way-finding. [2] Extensive (topographical) knowledge of area (London) (acquired through 3 years’ training / passing exams). Better knowledge of short cuts. Knowledge of minor streets, use a bigger right (posterior) hippocampus e.g.: They know London better (1 mark) They would know more streets and their names (2 marks) 1 mark partial (way in which they differ), 2 marks full (some detail) Describe one way in which experienced taxi drivers are similar to other people in their way-finding. [2] Most likely: The cognitive strategies they use in way-finding e.g. using landmarks and routes. use their right hippocampus 1 mark partial, 2 marks full From the study by Maguire et al (taxi drivers):