Study Country Sample Design Timeframe Population Median CD4 ART eligibility Intervention Comparator at ART initiation Comparative studies Chan5 Malawi 344 Retrospective 2011-2012 Pregnant NR PMTCTB+ ART integrated Integration of HTC cohort women into ANC, with ANC only and including same initiation at visit to day start ART care Hoenigl6 USA 22 Retrospective 2010-2015 Adults 466 Treat All Same day ART Later ART start cohort cells/mm3 (within 4 weeks but not same day) Kerschberger7 Swaziland 1243 Prospective 2014-2016 Pregnant and 313 (158-474) Treat all versus Same day ART Deferred ART cohort non-pregnant CD4< 350 & for pregnant whereby ART is adults (16 years) CD4<500 women; Rapid initiated after HIV (SoC); ART for diagnosis and care PMTCTB+ for adults: enrolment (median pregnant ART initiation on days between diagnosis women the same day as and ART= 14 (7-27) HIV diagnosis and HIV care enrolment. Langwenya8 South 618 Prospective 2013-2014 Pregnant NR April-July 2013: Immediate ART SoC= ART usually 1-2 Africa cohort women CD4<350; July (Same day as first weeks after first ANC 2013 – June ANC visit) visit 2014: PMTCTB+ Mitiku9 Ethiopia 346 Retrospective 2013-2015 Pregnant and 460 (277-638) PMTCTB+ ART integrated Later than same day cohort breastfeeding into ANC, women including same day start. Those with Stage III/IV disease are referred to ART clinic. Pilcher10 USA 86 Retrospective 2013-2015 Adults Rapid: 474 Treat All if Same Day ART ART prescribed a cohort (3-1391) acute/ recent median of 22 days SoC: 417 (11 infection, after referral to -1194) CD4<200, active OI, & sdc Wu11 China 1034 Pre- and Adults Pre-intervention Post intervention Median time to ART CD4 <350; median time to 43-53 days 2010-2011 2010= 243 ART: 5 days (75-384); 2011= 219 Treat all (but 2012-2014 (77-403); outcomes reported only for those with 2012-2013= CD4<350) 220 (69-379) 2013-2014= 178 (53-330) Non-comparative studies
Study Country Sample Design Timeframe Population Median CD4 at ART initiation ART eligibility Intervention Comparator Comparative studies Chan5 Malawi 344 Retrospective cohort 2011-2012 Pregnant women NR PMTCTB+ ART integrated into ANC, including same day start Integration of HTC with ANC only and initiation at visit to ART care Hoenigl6 USA 22 Retrospective cohort 2010-2015 Adults 466 cells/mm3 Treat All Same day ART Later ART start (within 4 weeks but not same day) Kerschberger7 Swaziland 1243 Prospective cohort 2014-2016 Pregnant and non-pregnant adults (16 years) 313 (158-474) Treat all versus CD4< 350 & CD4<500 (SoC); PMTCTB+ for pregnant women Same day ART for pregnant women; Rapid ART for adults: ART initiation on the same day as HIV diagnosis and HIV care enrolment. Deferred ART whereby ART is initiated after HIV diagnosis and care enrolment (median days between diagnosis and ART= 14 (7-27) Langwenya8 South Africa 618 Prospective cohort 2013-2014 Pregnant women NR April-July 2013: CD4<350; July 2013 – June 2014: PMTCTB+ Immediate ART (Same day as first ANC visit) SoC= ART usually 1-2 weeks after first ANC visit Mitiku9 Ethiopia 346 Retrospective cohort 2013-2015 Pregnant and breastfeeding women 460 (277-638) PMTCTB+ ART integrated into ANC, including same day start. Those with Stage III/IV disease are referred to ART clinic. Later than same day Pilcher10 USA 86 Retrospective cohort 2013-2015 Adults Rapid: 474 (3-1391) SoC: 417 (11 -1194) Treat All if acute/ recent infection, CD4<200, active OI, & sdc Same Day ART ART prescribed a median of 22 days after referral to Wu11 China 1034 Pre- and 2010-2011 2012-2014 Adults 2010= 243 (75-384); 2011= 219 (77-403); 2012-2013= 220 (69-379) 2013-2014= 178 (53-330) Pre-intervention CD4 <350; Treat all (but outcomes reported only for those with CD4<350) Post intervention median time to ART: 5 days Median time to ART 43-53 days Non-comparative studies