As noted above, upstream activities in the oil and gas sector are highly specialized. Experts and builders are not locally hired, and only few non-specialized jobs are available for the local population. Downstream activities are more likely to bring job opportunities locally. Refineries, processing plants and transports use skilled and skilled” workers and proper training “semi can be given with more permanent activities. Trading and retail gas stations create opportunities for SMEs but create very few jobs. Like other big mining or industrial projects, oil and gas activities may generate local immigration flows with negative consequences: spreading of HIV and STDs, inflation from increases in demand and competition with the local population for job opportunities Revenue leakages are generally very high since local complementary sectors are not developed, and governments are often unable to help the private sector benefit from this demand. The main threats pertaining to Medium and Foreign Direct Investment that can be addressed by the government is the eviction effect and the Dutch disease No consistent figures on employment and wages in the sector have been found by this study. Nevertheless, the available data does show a rather marginal impact of the sector at the national level. The national company Petromoc has 616 permanent staff, while the major gas infrastructure in the country, including the gas pipeline to South Africa with the processing center in Telemane, employed at most 1,000 Mozambican nationals during its building. Only about 300 permanent jobs remain. 3.1 Socio-economic indicators Table 5. National economic indicators GDP (million GDP growth GDP per capita GDP per capita current US$) (annual %) (current US$) growth (annual %) GINI Index (2007) 47.1 9,845.62 6.78 439.88 4.34 Source : Bank, year 2008, and HDI Table 6. National social indicators Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day Population, total Population growth (PPP) (% of poverty index Human (million) (annual %) population) (HPI-1) development index 46.8 0.402 22.38 2.32 74.69 (2003) Source : World Bank, year 2008, and HDI, year 2005 Table 7. National gender indicators Life expectancy at Gender-related birth, female Life expectancy at Literacy rate, Literacy rate, development (years) birth, male (years) female (% of adult male (% of (GDI)
As noted above, upstream activities in the oil and gas sector are highly specialized. Experts and builders are not locally hired, and only few non-specialized jobs are available for the local population. Downstream activities are more likely to bring job opportunities locally. Refineries, processing plants and transports use skilled and “semi skilled” workers and proper training can be given with more permanent activities. Trading and retail gas stations create opportunities for SMEs but create very few jobs. Like other big mining or industrial projects, oil and gas activities may generate local immigration flows with negative consequences: spreading of HIV and STDs, inflation from increases in demand and competition with the local population for job opportunities Revenue leakages are generally very high since local complementary sectors are not developed, and governments are often unable to help the private sector benefit from this demand. The main threats pertaining to Medium and Foreign Direct Investment that can be addressed by the government is the eviction effect and the Dutch disease No consistent figures on employment and wages in the sector have been found by this study. Nevertheless, the available data does show a rather marginal impact of the sector at the national level. The national company Petromoc has 616 permanent staff, while the major gas infrastructure in the country, including the gas pipeline to South Africa with the processing center in Telemane, employed at most 1,000 Mozambican nationals during its building. Only about 300 permanent jobs remain. 3.1 Socio-economic indicators Table 5. National economic indicators GDP (million current US$) GDP growth (annual %) GDP per capita (current US$) GDP per capita growth (annual %) GINI Index (2007) 9,845.62 6.78 439.88 4.34 47.1 Source : Bank, year 2008, and HDI Table 6. National social indicators Population, total (million) Population growth (annual %) Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population) poverty index (HPI-1) Human development index 22.38 2.32 74.69 (2003) 46.8 0.402 Source : World Bank, year 2008, and HDI, year 2005 Table 7. National gender indicators Life expectancy at birth, female (years) Life expectancy at birth, male (years) Literacy rate, female (% of Literacy rate, adult male (% of Gender-related development (GDI)