The B’ building (a food supermarket) is significantly larger, and measurements were made ‘Retail in a 20 m × 40 m subset of the area, as shown in Fig. 39, right). Two receiver locations were used in this case, one at around 15° to the normal from the building and the other at around 40°. In both cases the range was around 90 m. 39 Measurement plans A’ on left, B’ on right (Google Earth) – ‘Retail ‘Retail Figure 40 shows a view of B’ from the antenna height at the second receiver location. ‘Retail 40 View of B’ building ‘Retail 10.4 Results 10.4.1 Building loss In line with the definitions given in Recommendation ITU-R P.2040, BEL is taken to be the difference between the median field measured immediately outside the building and that measured within each room or subdivision of the building. The BEL can be quickly estimated by inspecting the cumulative distributions of the power recorded at the outdoor receiver, as shown in Fig. 41, and comparing the indoor values with the outdoor reference at the 0.5 probability point. 41 Summary results for B’ measurements ‘Retail This figure shows that, as might be expected, the BEL increases (by 8-10 dB) as a function of depth within the building,. The loss to the reference’ is almost identical from the two receiver ‘outdoor locations, but it is interesting to note that the BEL values are greater for the more oblique ‘RX2’ measurements. This is in line with the Fresnel expressions for transmission loss through a plane surface at different angles, though the effect is surprisingly clear and may equally be due to other effects, such as diffraction loss from clutter within the store. The results from the A’ building (Fig. 42) are very different in character, with smaller values ‘Retail of loss (as be expected for a smaller, less cluttered, store). Most interesting, however, is the fact that there is very little dependence of BEL on penetration depth possibly due to high levels of – scattered energy within the building. 42 Summary results for A’ measurements ‘Retail The repeatability of measurements is indicated in Fig. 43, which shows two independent sets of measurements for a single sub-section of the A’ building. ‘Retail
The ‘Retail B’ building (a food supermarket) is significantly larger, and measurements were made in a 20 m × 40 m subset of the area, as shown in Fig. 39, right). Two receiver locations were used in this case, one at around 15° to the normal from the building and the other at around 40°. In both cases the range was around 90 m. 39 Measurement plans – ‘Retail A’ on left, ‘Retail B’ on right (Google Earth) Figure 40 shows a view of ‘Retail B’ from the antenna height at the second receiver location. 40 View of ‘Retail B’ building 10.4 Results 10.4.1 Building loss In line with the definitions given in Recommendation ITU-R P.2040, BEL is taken to be the difference between the median field measured immediately outside the building and that measured within each room or subdivision of the building. The BEL can be quickly estimated by inspecting the cumulative distributions of the power recorded at the outdoor receiver, as shown in Fig. 41, and comparing the indoor values with the outdoor reference at the 0.5 probability point. 41 Summary results for ‘Retail B’ measurements This figure shows that, as might be expected, the BEL increases (by 8-10 dB) as a function of depth within the building,. The loss to the ‘outdoor reference’ is almost identical from the two receiver locations, but it is interesting to note that the BEL values are greater for the more oblique ‘RX2’ measurements. This is in line with the Fresnel expressions for transmission loss through a plane surface at different angles, though the effect is surprisingly clear and may equally be due to other effects, such as diffraction loss from clutter within the store. The results from the ‘Retail A’ building (Fig. 42) are very different in character, with smaller values of loss (as be expected for a smaller, less cluttered, store). Most interesting, however, is the fact that there is very little dependence of BEL on penetration depth – possibly due to high levels of scattered energy within the building. 42 Summary results for ‘Retail A’ measurements The repeatability of measurements is indicated in Fig. 43, which shows two independent sets of measurements for a single sub-section of the ‘Retail A’ building.