Material Recommended exposure limit (REL), (8 hr TWA), mg m-3 Ultrafine TiO2 0.3 Fine TiO2 2.4 3. Based on proposed workplace exposure limits Nanomaterial Proposed exposure limit, (8 hr TWA), mg m-3 Carbon nanofibres, including carbon nanotubes 0.007 (NIOSH) Fullerenes (AIST) 0.39 4. on Benchmark Exposure Levels Nanomaterial group BEL Basis As measured: 0.1 fibre/ml Benke et al., [82] Fibre-like particles, or fibre-like WHO fibre definition, structures Aspect ratio > 3 Length > 5 μm Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, 0.1xAustralian WES for bulk (or BSI [81] Asthmagenic, or Reproductive REL or ES) Toxins (CMAR) Australian WES for Category 1 As default - 0.003 mg m-3 Carcinogens (mg m-3) Cd 0.01 – Be 0.002 – As 0.05 – Cr (VI) 0.05 – Zn chromate - 0.01 BEL = (mean value)/10 Insoluble 0.03xAustralian inhalable WES TiO2 for bulk, (or REL or other ES) Ultrafine REL/Australian WES or 0.1xAustralian respirable WES for bulk, (or REL or other ES) 0.1xACGIH TLV for respirable As default - 0.3 mg m-3 particles not otherwise specified (PNOS) of 3 mg m-3 Soluble 0.5xAustralian WES for bulk (or BSI [81] REL or other ES) 0.5xACGIH TLV for respirable As default 1.5 mg m-3 particles (PNOS) of 3 mg m-3 – Note, this includes BELs for the default situation where there is no WES, REL or proposed ES for the corresponding macrosized material. 5. Local Particle Reference Values Australian WES, RELs, proposed workplace exposure limits, and BELs are in place for only very few nanomaterials. Therefore, in the absence of more widespread limits, measurement should be focussed upon identifying relative changes in particle concentration using local particle reference
Material Recommended exposure limit (REL), (8 hr TWA), mg m-3 Ultrafine TiO2 0.3 Fine TiO2 2.4 3. Based on proposed workplace exposure limits Nanomaterial Proposed exposure limit, (8 hr TWA), mg m-3 Carbon nanofibres, including carbon nanotubes (NIOSH) 0.007 Fullerenes (AIST) 0.39 4. on Benchmark Exposure Levels Nanomaterial group BEL Basis As measured: Fibre-like particles, or fibre-like structures 0.1 fibre/ml Benke et al., [82] WHO fibre definition, Aspect ratio > 3 Length > 5 μm Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Asthmagenic, or Reproductive Toxins (CMAR) 0.1xAustralian WES for bulk (or REL or ES) As default - 0.003 mg m-3 BSI [81] Australian WES for Category 1 Carcinogens (mg m-3) Cd – 0.01 Be – 0.002 As – 0.05 Cr (VI) – 0.05 Zn chromate - 0.01 BEL = (mean value)/10 Insoluble 0.03xAustralian inhalable WES for bulk, (or REL or other ES) or 0.1xAustralian respirable WES for bulk, (or REL or other ES) As default - 0.3 mg m-3 TiO2 Ultrafine REL/Australian WES 0.1xACGIH TLV for respirable particles not otherwise specified (PNOS) of 3 mg m-3 Soluble 0.5xAustralian WES for bulk (or REL or other ES) As default – 1.5 mg m-3 BSI [81] 0.5xACGIH TLV for respirable particles (PNOS) of 3 mg m-3 Note, this includes BELs for the default situation where there is no WES, REL or proposed ES for the corresponding macrosized material. 5. Local Particle Reference Values Australian WES, RELs, proposed workplace exposure limits, and BELs are in place for only very few nanomaterials. Therefore, in the absence of more widespread limits, measurement should be focussed upon identifying relative changes in particle concentration using local particle reference