3. Hemibiotroph requires living host cells but soon act like nectrophs — (Colitotrichium, lindemuthianumn). Other hyphal structures 1. Appressorium (pl. appressoria) — specialized infection structures that form at the tips of hyphae. 2. Appressoria adhere to the host surface and form penetration pegs. 3. Penetration pegs can penetrate hard artificial surfaces such as gold foil and nonbiodegradable Mylar membranes. 4. Protoappressoria — slight hyphal tip swellings that act like an appressoria. 5. Reproduction in Fungi 6. Fungi have both asexual (anamorphic) and sexual (teleomorphic) reproduction. 7. Some fungi are holocarpic (entire fungus converts into one or more reproductive structures). 8. Most fungi are eucarpic (reproductive organs arise from only a portion of the fungus body — thallus — pl. thalli). Asexual Reproduction 1. Fragmentation of somatic hyphae or throcpores (thallic conidia) 2. Fission of somatic cells into daughter cells 3. Budding 4. Mitotic spores Asexual spores I. Chlamydospores arc thick walled thaIlic conidia that function as a resting spore 2. Asexual spores are either sporangiospores or conidia. 3. Sporangiospores vs. Conidia 4. Sporangiospores are borne in a sac called a sporangium. The cytoplasm within the sac is cleaved into sporangiospoies. The sporangium is borne on a specialized hypha known as a sporangiophore. 5. A conidium is borne on the tip or side of a specialized hypha known as a conidiophore.
3. Hemibiotroph — requires living host cells but soon act like nectrophs (Colitotrichium, lindemuthianumn). Other hyphal structures 1. Appressorium (pl. appressoria) — specialized infection structures that form at the tips of hyphae. 2. Appressoria adhere to the host surface and form penetration pegs. 3. Penetration pegs can penetrate hard artificial surfaces such as gold foil and nonbiodegradable Mylar membranes. 4. Protoappressoria — slight hyphal tip swellings that act like an appressoria. 5. Reproduction in Fungi 6. Fungi have both asexual (anamorphic) and sexual (teleomorphic) reproduction. 7. Some fungi are holocarpic (entire fungus converts into one or more reproductive structures). 8. Most fungi are eucarpic (reproductive organs arise from only a portion of the fungus body — thallus — pl. thalli). Asexual Reproduction 1. Fragmentation of somatic hyphae or throcpores (thallic conidia) 2. Fission of somatic cells into daughter cells 3. Budding 4. Mitotic spores Asexual spores I. Chlamydospores arc thick walled thaIlic conidia that function as a resting spore 2. Asexual spores are either sporangiospores or conidia. 3. Sporangiospores vs. Conidia 4. Sporangiospores are borne in a sac called a sporangium. The cytoplasm within the sac is cleaved into sporangiospoies. The sporangium is borne on a specialized hypha known as a sporangiophore. 5. A conidium is borne on the tip or side of a specialized hypha known as a conidiophore.