SLR IV 5 To determine whether infants (mean Pooling of results (4 studies; n=251 The findings of Aim: Cognition: () age 14.1 mth) and children born to opioid exposed; n=315 non-exposed) revealed a this review are studies dependent mothers have impaired non-significant effect size of 0.24 in favour of limited by the neurobehavioral function. non-opioid exposed controls (Z=1.41, p=0.16, small number of 33–143 95%CI to 0.58). studies −0.09 subjects Methods: Quantitative and systematic analysed, the review of the literature on the Psychomotor: Pooling of results (4 studies; 45–85 heterogenous consequences of chronic maternal opioid n=251 exposed; n=315 non-exposed) controls populations and use during pregnancy on neurobehavioral revealed a non-significant effect size of 0.28 in small numbers function of children was conducted. We favour of non-opioid exposed controls (Z=1.67, within the searched Cinahl, EMBASE, PsychINFO and p=0.09, 95%CI to 0.61). −0.05 individual MEDLINE between the periods of January Behaviour: Pooling of results (3 studies; n=145 studies. 1995 to January 2012. exposed; n=216 non-exposed) revealed a non-significant effect size of 0.40 in favour of non-opioid exposed controls (Z=1.25, p=0.20). However, as there was significant evidence of heterogeneity (Q=7.13, p<0.03, I2 =71.93), additional analysis was performed to correct for random effects. The corrected mean effect size was 1.21 (Z=1.30, p=0.19; 95%CI; to 3.03). −0.61
() SLR IV 5 studies 33–143 subjects 45–85 controls Aim: To determine whether infants (mean age 14.1 mth) and children born to opioid dependent mothers have impaired neurobehavioral function. Methods: Quantitative and systematic review of the literature on the consequences of chronic maternal opioid use during pregnancy on neurobehavioral function of children was conducted. We searched Cinahl, EMBASE, PsychINFO and MEDLINE between the periods of January 1995 to January 2012. Cognition: Pooling of results (4 studies; n=251 exposed; n=315 non-exposed) revealed a non-significant effect size of 0.24 in favour of non-opioid exposed controls (Z=1.41, p=0.16, 95%CI −0.09 to 0.58). Psychomotor: Pooling of results (4 studies; n=251 exposed; n=315 non-exposed) revealed a non-significant effect size of 0.28 in favour of non-opioid exposed controls (Z=1.67, p=0.09, 95%CI −0.05 to 0.61). Behaviour: Pooling of results (3 studies; n=145 exposed; n=216 non-exposed) revealed a non-significant effect size of 0.40 in favour of non-opioid exposed controls (Z=1.25, p=0.20). However, as there was significant evidence of heterogeneity (Q=7.13, p<0.03, I2 =71.93), additional analysis was performed to correct for random effects. The corrected mean effect size was 1.21 (Z=1.30, p=0.19; 95%CI; −0.61 to 3.03). The findings of this review are limited by the small number of studies analysed, the heterogenous populations and small numbers within the individual studies.