LS.12 The student will investigate and understand that organisms reproduce and transmit genetic information to new generations. Key concepts include the structure and role of DNA; the function of genes and chromosomes; genotypes and phenotypes; characteristics that can and cannot be inherited; genetic engineering and its applications; and historical contributions and significance of discoveries related to genetics. Essential Understandings Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes The concepts developed in this standard include the following: In order to meet this standard, it is expected that students will DNA is a double helix molecule. recognize the appearance of DNA as double helix in shape. DNA is a molecule that includes different components sugars, explain that DNA contains coded instructions that store and pass on — nitrogenous bases, and phosphates. The arrangement of the nitrogenous genetic information from one generation to the next. bases within the double helix forms a chemical code. explain the necessity of DNA replication for the continuity of life. Chromosomes are strands of tightly wound DNA. Genes are sections of explain the relationship among genes, chromosomes, and alleles. a chromosome that carry the code for a particular trait. An allele is an alternate form of a gene. demonstrate variation within a single genetic trait. The basic laws of Mendelian genetics explain the transmission of most distinguish between dominant and recessive traits. traits that can be inherited from generation to generation. distinguish between genotype and phenotype. A Punnett square is a model used to predict the possible combinations use Punnett squares to predict the possible combinations of inherited of inherited factors resulting from single trait crosses. (An investigation factors resulting from single trait crosses. of dihybrid crosses, multiple alleles, and incomplete dominance should be reserved for high school Biology.) differentiate between characteristics that can be inherited and those that cannot be inherited. Dominant traits mask the expression (phenotype) of recessive traits. Genotype is the specific combination of dominant and recessive gene identify aspects of genetic engineering and supply examples of forms. applications. Evaluate the examples for possible controversial aspects. Traits that are expressed through genes can be inherited. Characteristics describe the contributions of Mendel, Franklin, Watson, and Crick to that are acquired through environmental influences, such as injuries or our basic understanding of genetics. practiced skills, cannot be inherited. In genetic engineering, the genetic code is manipulated to obtain a desired product. Genetic engineering has numerous practical applications in medicine, agriculture, and biology.
LS.12 The student will investigate and understand that organisms reproduce and transmit genetic information to new generations. Key concepts include the structure and role of DNA; the function of genes and chromosomes; genotypes and phenotypes; characteristics that can and cannot be inherited; genetic engineering and its applications; and historical contributions and significance of discoveries related to genetics. Essential Understandings Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes The concepts developed in this standard include the following: DNA is a double helix molecule. DNA is a molecule that includes different components — sugars, nitrogenous bases, and phosphates. The arrangement of the nitrogenous bases within the double helix forms a chemical code. Chromosomes are strands of tightly wound DNA. Genes are sections of a chromosome that carry the code for a particular trait. An allele is an alternate form of a gene. The basic laws of Mendelian genetics explain the transmission of most traits that can be inherited from generation to generation. A Punnett square is a model used to predict the possible combinations of inherited factors resulting from single trait crosses. (An investigation of dihybrid crosses, multiple alleles, and incomplete dominance should be reserved for high school Biology.) Dominant traits mask the expression (phenotype) of recessive traits. Genotype is the specific combination of dominant and recessive gene forms. Traits that are expressed through genes can be inherited. Characteristics that are acquired through environmental influences, such as injuries or practiced skills, cannot be inherited. In genetic engineering, the genetic code is manipulated to obtain a desired product. Genetic engineering has numerous practical applications in medicine, agriculture, and biology. In order to meet this standard, it is expected that students will recognize the appearance of DNA as double helix in shape. explain that DNA contains coded instructions that store and pass on genetic information from one generation to the next. explain the necessity of DNA replication for the continuity of life. explain the relationship among genes, chromosomes, and alleles. demonstrate variation within a single genetic trait. distinguish between dominant and recessive traits. distinguish between genotype and phenotype. use Punnett squares to predict the possible combinations of inherited factors resulting from single trait crosses. differentiate between characteristics that can be inherited and those that cannot be inherited. identify aspects of genetic engineering and supply examples of applications. Evaluate the examples for possible controversial aspects. describe the contributions of Mendel, Franklin, Watson, and Crick to our basic understanding of genetics.