wage labour, from the Oriental communities in such 'development towns' as Qiryat Shmonah in the north or Shderot in the south. Some of these workers are hired by individual kibbutzim; many others work in 'regional enterprises' owned and managed jointly by several kibbutzim and relying exclusively on hired manual labour . These Oriental hired workers of the kibbutzim sometimes work alongside Arab workers, but they rarely meet kibbutz members except as bosses, managers and supervisors. 37 Class divisions in Israeli society Here is an excerpt from an Israeli newspaper report on the town of Qiryat Shmonah, where public meetings of the Labour Party, addressed by the party's leader, Shim 'on Peres, were broken up by the angry Oriental inhabitants. 'Qiryat Shmonah, which from time to time reaches the headlines, is a good model for a close study of the relations between the two sides [namely, the town's Oriental inhabitants and the nearby kibbutzim]. From government publications one can learn that. . . about 80 per cent of Qiryat Shmonah's population do hard physical work, with very limited prospects for on-the-job advancement. Half of all the workers are employed by the kibbutzim in regional enterprises such as a bakery, plants for processing agricultural products, hotels, quarries, as well as in various kinds of hired work inside the kibbutzim. Some time ago, when unemployment in the town was high, the government was forced to set up a plant of the arms industry, in which there are higher-level jobs and therefore the feeling of the workers is better. Here wages are also better, and so are the prospects for advancement. When the father
wage labour, from the Oriental communities in such 'development towns' as Qiryat Shmonah in the north or Shderot in the south. Some of these workers are hired by individual kibbutzim; many others work in 'regional enterprises' owned and managed jointly by several kibbutzim and relying exclusively on hired manual labour . These Oriental hired workers of the kibbutzim sometimes work alongside Arab workers, but they rarely meet kibbutz members except as bosses, managers and supervisors. 37 Class divisions in Israeli society Here is an excerpt from an Israeli newspaper report on the town of Qiryat Shmonah, where public meetings of the Labour Party, addressed by the party's leader, Shim 'on Peres, were broken up by the angry Oriental inhabitants. 'Qiryat Shmonah, which from time to time reaches the headlines, is a good model for a close study of the relations between the two sides [namely, the town's Oriental inhabitants and the nearby kibbutzim]. From government publications one can learn that. . . about 80 per cent of Qiryat Shmonah's population do hard physical work, with very limited prospects for on-the-job advancement. Half of all the workers are employed by the kibbutzim in regional enterprises such as a bakery, plants for processing agricultural products, hotels, quarries, as well as in various kinds of hired work inside the kibbutzim. Some time ago, when unemployment in the town was high, the government was forced to set up a plant of the arms industry, in which there are higher-level jobs and therefore the feeling of the workers is better. Here wages are also better, and so are the prospects for advancement. When the father