A young boy had repeated bone fractures on minor traumas . His condition was diagnosed as osteogenesis imperfecta. What is the molecular basis of this condition ? (1 mark) Illustrate the importance of vitamin C for normal collagen formation. (4 marks) List the other major components of intercellular matrix ( = extracellular matrix ). (3 marks) Draw a schematic with labels showing the structure of cell membrane. (2 marks) An 18 years old student developed severe pallor with lowered capacity for ordinary activity. Her history showed no abnormalities apart from heavy menstruations for the preceding one year. Her blood picture showed a microcytic hypochromic anemia. What nutrient does this patient need to treat her anemia? (1 mark) Illustrate the chemical reaction in hemoglobin synthesis in which this nutrient is needed. (2 marks) Name other compounds that contain the same prosthetic group of hemoglobin. (2 marks) List the normal excreted products of catabolism of this prosthetic group and their routes of excretion. (2 marks ) Describe the composition of the protein part of normal adult hemoglobin. (2 marks ) Give one example of point mutation that results in hemoglobinpathy. ( 1 mark ) A patient was admitted to the hospital suffering from chest pain. His condition was diagnosed as a thrombus in a coronary artery. He was given heparin and streptokinase injections. What is the elevated plasma enzyme that confirms this diagnosis? (1 mark) Explain the mechanism of action of streptokinase in this patient. (2 marks) illustrate the action of thrombin in developing this condition. (1 mark) (d) Explain the mechanism of action of heparin. (1 mark) A 40 years old man had a severe pain accompanying inflammation of a big toe joint. Laboratory investigations showed a high plasma uric acid concentration. After treating this acute condition, the patient was given a drug that inhibits the formation of uric acid from its immediate precursor. List the causes of hyperuricemia. (3 marks) Give the name of the enzyme inhibited by the prescribed drug and illustrate the reaction it catalyzes. (3 marks)
A young boy had repeated bone fractures on minor traumas . His condition was diagnosed as osteogenesis imperfecta. What is the molecular basis of this condition ? (1 mark) Illustrate the importance of vitamin C for normal collagen formation. (4 marks) List the other major components of intercellular matrix ( = extracellular matrix ). (3 marks) Draw a schematic with labels showing the structure of cell membrane. (2 marks) An 18 years old student developed severe pallor with lowered capacity for ordinary activity. Her history showed no abnormalities apart from heavy menstruations for the preceding one year. Her blood picture showed a microcytic hypochromic anemia. What nutrient does this patient need to treat her anemia? (1 mark) Illustrate the chemical reaction in hemoglobin synthesis in which this nutrient is needed. (2 marks) Name other compounds that contain the same prosthetic group of hemoglobin. (2 marks) List the normal excreted products of catabolism of this prosthetic group and their routes of excretion. (2 marks ) Describe the composition of the protein part of normal adult hemoglobin. (2 marks ) Give one example of point mutation that results in hemoglobinpathy. ( 1 mark ) A patient was admitted to the hospital suffering from chest pain. His condition was diagnosed as a thrombus in a coronary artery. He was given heparin and streptokinase injections. What is the elevated plasma enzyme that confirms this diagnosis? (1 mark) Explain the mechanism of action of streptokinase in this patient. (2 marks) illustrate the action of thrombin in developing this condition. (1 mark) (d) Explain the mechanism of action of heparin. (1 mark) A 40 years old man had a severe pain accompanying inflammation of a big toe joint. Laboratory investigations showed a high plasma uric acid concentration. After treating this acute condition, the patient was given a drug that inhibits the formation of uric acid from its immediate precursor. List the causes of hyperuricemia. (3 marks) Give the name of the enzyme inhibited by the prescribed drug and illustrate the reaction it catalyzes. (3 marks)