Methods: Experiential lessons including project-based learning, community service-learning, and place-based activities Commitment pledges Avoid informational learning solely based on declarative knowledge APPENDIX B Overview of core concepts and methods/methodologies of the five key competencies in sustainability (Adapted from Wiek et al. 2011: 213) Competency Similar Terms Concepts Methods/Methodologies System thinking, Variables/indicators, Qualitative and interconnected sub-systems, structures, quantitative competence thinking, holistic functions modeling thinking Feedback loops, complex Institutional, cause-effect chains, decision, cascading effects, governance, social inertia, tipping points, systems analysis legacy, resilience, Systems adaptation, structuration methodologies (e.g., Across/multiple scales: ‘‘thick’’ description local to global methodology) Across/multiple/coupled Participatory domains: society, systems approaches, environment, economy, including technology participatory People and social modeling systems: values, preferences, needs, perceptions, (collective) actions, decisions, power, tactics, politics, institutions Anticipatory Anticipatory Concepts of time Scenario competence thinking, future including temporal methodology thinking, phases (past, present, Forecasting from foresighted future), terms (short, statistical and thinking, long), states, continuity simulation models (dynamics, paths), Backcasting and thinking envisioning methods Concept of uncertainty Anticipatory and epistemic status methodologies including possibility, Participatory probability, desirability anticipatory of future developments approaches, (predictions, scenarios, including Delphi and
Methods: Experiential lessons including project-based learning, community service-learning, and place-based activities Commitment pledges Avoid informational learning solely based on declarative knowledge APPENDIX B Overview of core concepts and methods/methodologies of the five key competencies in sustainability (Adapted from Wiek et al. 2011: 213) Competency Similar Terms Concepts Methods/Methodologies competence System thinking, interconnected thinking, holistic thinking Variables/indicators, sub-systems, structures, functions Feedback loops, complex cause-effect chains, cascading effects, inertia, tipping points, legacy, resilience, adaptation, structuration Across/multiple scales: local to global Across/multiple/coupled domains: society, environment, economy, technology People and social systems: values, preferences, needs, perceptions, (collective) actions, decisions, power, tactics, politics, institutions Qualitative and quantitative modeling Institutional, decision, governance, social systems analysis Systems (e.g., ‘‘thick’’ description methodology) Participatory systems approaches, including participatory modeling Anticipatory competence Anticipatory thinking, future thinking, foresighted thinking, thinking Concepts of time including temporal phases (past, present, future), terms (short, long), states, continuity (dynamics, paths), Concept of uncertainty and epistemic status including possibility, probability, desirability of future developments (predictions, scenarios, Scenario methodology Forecasting from statistical and simulation models Backcasting and envisioning methods Anticipatory Participatory anticipatory approaches, including Delphi and methodologies methodologies