food and water. newborn. Human mother to supply in other Hand to mouth bite. newborn. Not countries. after contact Sexual contact. easily spread with feces, through sex. such as changing diapers. Symptoms Children may May have none. Same as HBV Same as HBV Same as HEV have Some none. Adults persons have mild flu usually like symptoms, dark have light urine, light stools, stools, dark jaundice, fatigue and urine, fatigue, fever. fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Treatment Not applicable Interferon and Pegylated Interferon with Not applicable of Chronic nucleoside/nucleotide Interferon alfa varying success. analogues (tenofovir, 2a or 2b plus Disease entecavir, adefovir, ribavirin with telbivudine, varying success. lamivudine) control replication of virus with varying success. Also vaccinated against hepatitis A if not immune to it. Alcohol rehab Smoking cessation Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma via liver ultrasound and alpha fetoprotein measurement every 6-12 months. Vaccine Two doses of Three doses may be None HBV vaccine None vaccine to given to persons of prevents HDV anyone over 2 any age. infection. yrs of age Who is at Household or Infants born to Blood Injection drug Travelers to Risk? sexual contact infected mother, transfusion users, persons developing with an infected having sex with an recipients engaging in countries, person or living infected person before 1992, anal/oral sex especially in an area with or multiple partners, healthcare and those pregnant HAV outbreak. injection drug users, workers, having sex women. Travelers to emergency injection with an HDV developing responders, drug users, infected patient. countries, healthcare hemodialysis persons workers, persons patients, infants engaging in engaging in anal/oral born to infected anal/oral sex sex, and mother, multiple and injection hemodialysis sex partners. drug users. patients. Prevention Vaccination. Vaccination provides Clean up spilled Hepatitis B Avoid drinking Immune protection for 20 plus blood with vaccine or using
food and water. Hand to mouth after contact with feces, such as changing diapers. newborn. Human bite. Sexual contact. mother to newborn. Not easily spread through sex. supply in other countries. Symptoms Children may have none. Adults usually have light stools, dark urine, fatigue, fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and jaundice. May have none. Some persons have mild flu like symptoms, dark urine, light stools, jaundice, fatigue and fever. Same as HBV Same as HBV Same as HEV Treatment of Chronic Disease Not applicable Interferon and nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (tenofovir, entecavir, adefovir, telbivudine, lamivudine) control replication of virus with varying success. Also vaccinated against hepatitis A if not immune to it. Alcohol rehab Smoking cessation Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma via liver ultrasound and alpha fetoprotein measurement every 6-12 months. Pegylated Interferon alfa 2a or 2b plus ribavirin with varying success. Interferon with varying success. Not applicable Vaccine Two doses of vaccine to anyone over 2 yrs of age Three doses may be given to persons of any age. None HBV vaccine prevents HDV infection. None Who is at Risk? Household or sexual contact with an infected person or living in an area with HAV outbreak. Travelers to developing countries, persons engaging in anal/oral sex and injection drug users. Infants born to infected mother, having sex with an infected person or multiple partners, injection drug users, emergency responders, healthcare workers, persons engaging in anal/oral sex, and hemodialysis patients. Blood transfusion recipients before 1992, healthcare workers, injection drug users, hemodialysis patients, infants born to infected mother, multiple sex partners. Injection drug users, persons engaging in anal/oral sex and those having sex with an HDV infected patient. Travelers to developing countries, especially pregnant women. Prevention Vaccination. Immune Vaccination provides protection for 20 plus Clean up spilled blood with Hepatitis B vaccine Avoid drinking or using