ERA PERIOD/MOVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS CREATORS/WORKS HISTORICAL EVENTS/ CONTEXT Celebrating working class Corot, Courbet, European democratic Realism and peasants; en plein air Daumier, Millet revolutions of 1848 1848- 1900 rustic painting Capturing fleeting effects Monet, Manet, Renoir, Franco-Prussian War Impressionism of natural light Pissarro, Cassatt, (1870–1871); Unification 1865-1885 Century Morisot, Degas of Germany (1871) 19th Seurat, Signac Pointillism 1884-1904 Modern- Van Gogh, Gauguin, Belle (late-19th- Post- Impressionism Époque Cézanne, Seurat century Golden Age); 1885- 1910 Japan defeats Russia A soft revolt against (1905) Impressionism Harsh colors and flat Matisse, Kirchner, Boxer Rebellion in China Expressionism & Fauvism surfaces (Fauvism); Kandinsky, Marc (1900); World War 1900- 1935 emotion distorting form (1914– 1918) Pre– and Post–World Picasso, Braque, Russian Revolution Cubism, Futurism, & War 1 art experiments: Leger, Boccioni, (1917); American Constructivism new forms to express Severini, Malevich women franchised 1905- 1920 modern life (1920) Century Ridiculous art; painting Duchamp, Dalí, Ernst, Disillusionment after Dada & Surrealism and exploring the de Chirico, dreams Magritte, World War I; The Great 1917-1950 20th unconscious Kahlo Depression World War II (1939–1945) and Nazi horrors; atomic bombs Modern- dropped on Japan (1945) Post–World War II: pure Gorky, Pollock, de Cold War and Vietnam Abstract & Pop Art abstraction and Kooning, Rothko, War (U.S. enters 1965); 1940- 1960 expression without form; Warhol, Lichtenstein U.S.S.R. suppresses popular art absorbs Hungarian revolt (1956) consumerism Czechoslovakian revolt (1968) Art without a center and Gerhard Richter, Nuclear freeze Postmodernism & reworking and mixing Cindy Sherman, movement; Cold War Deconstructivism past styles Anselm Kiefer, Frank fizzles; Communism 1970- Gehry, Zaha Hadid collapses in Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R. Modern- (1989–1991) Contemporary
ERA PERIOD/MOVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS CREATORS/WORKS HISTORICAL EVENTS/ CONTEXT Modern- 19th Century Realism 1848- 1900 Celebrating working class and peasants; en plein air rustic painting Corot, Courbet, Daumier, Millet European democratic revolutions of 1848 Impressionism 1865-1885 Capturing fleeting effects of natural light Monet, Manet, Renoir, Pissarro, Cassatt, Morisot, Degas Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871); Unification of Germany (1871) Pointillism 1884-1904 Seurat, Signac Post- Impressionism 1885- 1910 A soft revolt against Impressionism Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, Seurat Belle Époque (late-19th- century Golden Age); Japan defeats Russia (1905) Modern- 20th Century Expressionism & Fauvism 1900- 1935 Harsh colors and flat surfaces (Fauvism); emotion distorting form Matisse, Kirchner, Kandinsky, Marc Boxer Rebellion in China (1900); World War (1914– 1918) Cubism, Futurism, & Constructivism 1905- 1920 Pre– and Post–World War 1 art experiments: new forms to express modern life Picasso, Braque, Leger, Boccioni, Severini, Malevich Russian Revolution (1917); American women franchised (1920) Dada & Surrealism 1917-1950 Ridiculous art; painting dreams and exploring the unconscious Duchamp, Dalí, Ernst, Magritte, de Chirico, Kahlo Disillusionment after World War I; The Great Depression World War II (1939–1945) and Nazi horrors; atomic bombs dropped on Japan (1945) Abstract & Pop Art 1940- 1960 Post–World War II: pure abstraction and expression without form; popular art absorbs consumerism Gorky, Pollock, de Kooning, Rothko, Warhol, Lichtenstein Cold War and Vietnam War (U.S. enters 1965); U.S.S.R. suppresses Hungarian revolt (1956) Czechoslovakian revolt (1968) Modern- Contemporary Postmodernism & Deconstructivism 1970- Art without a center and reworking and mixing past styles Gerhard Richter, Cindy Sherman, Anselm Kiefer, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid Nuclear freeze movement; Cold War fizzles; Communism collapses in Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R. (1989–1991)