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transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k for the longwave, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D14), 16663–16682, doi: 10.1029/97JD00237. Morrison, H. and Pinto, J. O.: Mesoscale modeling of springtime Arctic mixed-phase stratiform clouds using a new two-moment bulk microphysics scheme, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2005. Morrison, H., Thompson, G., and Tatarskii, V.: Impact of cloud microphysics on the development of trailing stratiform precipitation in a simulated squall line: comparison of one- and two-moment schemes, Mon. Weather Rev., 137, 2009. Nowottnick, E., P. Colarco, R. Ferrare, G. Chen, S. Ismail, B. Anderson, and E. Browell (2010), Online simulations of mineral dust aerosol distributions: Comparisons to NAMMA observations and sensitivity to dust emission parameterization, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D03202, doi:10.1029/2009JD012692. Obukhov, A. M. (1971), Turbulence in an atmosphere with a non-uniform temperature, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 2(1), 7-29. Omar, A., et al. (2010), Extinction-to-backscatter ratios of Saharan dust layers derived from in situ measurements and CALIPSO overflights during J. Geophys. Res., 115, D24217, doi:10.1029/2010JD014223 Petzold, A., K. Rasp, B. Weinzierl, M. Esselborn, T. Hamburger, A. D¨ornbrack, K. Kandler, L. Sch¨utz, P. Knippertz, M. Fiebig, and A. Virkkula (2009), Saharan dust refractive index and optical properties from aircraft-based observations during SAMUM 2006, Tellus Ser. B, 61, 118–130.