Organic chemistry is the of compounds of carbon. A functional group is an atom or group of atoms which is responsible for the characteristic properties of a series of organic compounds. Hydrocarbons: Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only. Many hydrocarbons again, are naturally occurring and have been formed in the earth over millions of years, e.g. crude oil, coal etc... Saturated: Contain only single bonds only Unsaturated: Contain a double or triple bond. Homologous Series: A series of compounds of uniform chemical type, showing graduation in physical properties with a general formula for its members. They have a similar method of preparation. Homologous Series Functional Group Name Example Structure of Group Alkane Single bond - Propane Alkene Double bond = Propene ≡ Alkyne Triple bond Propyne Chloroalkane H’s replaced by Cl’s - Cl Chloropropane Alcohol Hydroxyl - OH Propanol Aldehyde Carbonyl (end) - C=O(H) Propanal Ketone Carbonyl (middle) - C=O Propanone Carboxylic Acid Carboxyl - C=OOH Propanoic Acid Bridging oxygen -COO- Methyl ethanoate Mike Eats Pringles But Prefers Hula Hoops On Nasty Days. Prefix No. of Carbons Meth 1 - Aliphatic Compounds: organic compound that has open Eth - 2 chains and that have similar chemical properties Prop 3 - But - 4 Aromatic Compounds: contain a benzene ring Pent 5 - Hex - 6 Hept 7 Tetrahedral Carbon Compounds - Oct - 8 Tetrahedral bond angles = 109° degrees Non - 9 This happen when the carbon has 4 single bonds Dec - 10 are 3 types of tetrahedral carbon compounds on our course: Alkanes Alcohols Chloroalkanes
Organic chemistry is the of compounds of carbon. A functional group is an atom or group of atoms which is responsible for the characteristic properties of a series of organic compounds. Hydrocarbons: Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only. Many hydrocarbons again, are naturally occurring and have been formed in the earth over millions of years, e.g. crude oil, coal etc... Saturated: Contain only single bonds only Unsaturated: Contain a double or triple bond. Homologous Series: A series of compounds of uniform chemical type, showing graduation in physical properties with a general formula for its members. They have a similar method of preparation. Homologous Series Functional Group Structure of Group Name Example Alkane Single bond - Propane Alkene Double bond = Propene Alkyne Triple bond ≡ Propyne Chloroalkane H’s replaced by Cl’s - Cl Chloropropane Alcohol Hydroxyl - OH Propanol Aldehyde Carbonyl (end) - C=O(H) Propanal Ketone Carbonyl (middle) - C=O Propanone Carboxylic Acid Carboxyl - C=OOH Propanoic Acid Bridging oxygen -COO- Methyl ethanoate Prefix No. of Carbons Meth - 1 Eth - 2 Prop - 3 But - 4 Pent - 5 Hex - 6 Hept - 7 Oct - 8 Non - 9 Dec - 10 Mike Eats Pringles But Prefers Hula Hoops On Nasty Days. Aliphatic Compounds: organic compound that has open chains and that have similar chemical properties Aromatic Compounds: contain a benzene ring Tetrahedral Carbon Compounds Tetrahedral bond angles = 109° degrees This happen when the carbon has 4 single bonds are 3 types of tetrahedral carbon compounds on our course: Alkanes Alcohols Chloroalkanes