Seismometer Seismic energy from Scientist to interpret data, £10,000 per You need three or more to locate local earthquakes. earthquakes, 2.5 days/week seismometer Powered by a car battery trickle-charged with a solar panel. explosions, ocean Can be buried. waves, and so on. Data transmitted by mobile phone, Wi-Fi, or telemetry. Telemetry involves the automatic recording of readings from an instrument and their transmission by radio signals. Continuous global Measures the daily Scientist to interpret data, £10,000 per Each instrument gives a single location, so 4-6 instruments are needed to give positioning system averaged position of a 2.5 days/week receiver adequate coverage. (cGPS) GPS receiver. Receivers must have a good view of a clear sky. Powered by a car battery trickle-charged with a solar panel. Precise to within a few millimetres. Data transmitted by mobile-phone, Wi-Fi, or telemetry. Satellite radar data Wide-scale changes in Scientist to interpret £5,000 per year Limit of detection on the ground is an area of about 30 m × 30 m. (inSAR) the shape of the images, 1.0 day/week £10,000 for all Images produced every 11 days for the whole island. ground. past images There is just one working satellite that collects this data. Ground-based UV Sulfur dioxide gas given Scientist to interpret data, £5,000 per Images require UV light source (the sun), so produced in daylight only. cameras out by the volcano. 1.0 day/week instrument Instruments must be downwind of the volcano. Powered by a car battery trickle-charged with a solar panel. Fairly large uncertainties in data, so need several instruments. Satellite UV Sulfur dioxide gas Scientist to interpret free Images produced every day for whole island. spectroscopy emitted by the volcano. images, 0.5 day/week The current satellite (Ozone Monitoring Instrument, OMI) can only detects gas that is 6 km or more above sea level. Key Stage 4 - Volcano Eruption! Briefing sheet [2] Instruments and staffing
Seismometer Seismic energy from earthquakes, explosions, ocean waves, and so on. You need three or more to locate local earthquakes. Powered by a car battery trickle-charged with a solar panel. Can be buried. Data transmitted by mobile phone, Wi-Fi, or telemetry. Telemetry involves the automatic recording of readings from an instrument and their transmission by radio signals. Scientist to interpret data, 2.5 days/week £10,000 per seismometer Continuous global positioning system (cGPS) Measures the daily averaged position of a GPS receiver. Each instrument gives a single location, so 4-6 instruments are needed to give adequate coverage. Receivers must have a good view of a clear sky. Powered by a car battery trickle-charged with a solar panel. Precise to within a few millimetres. Data transmitted by mobile-phone, Wi-Fi, or telemetry. Scientist to interpret data, 2.5 days/week £10,000 per receiver Satellite radar data (inSAR) Wide-scale changes in the shape of the ground. Limit of detection on the ground is an area of about 30 m × 30 m. Images produced every 11 days for the whole island. There is just one working satellite that collects this data. Scientist to interpret images, 1.0 day/week £5,000 per year £10,000 for all past images Ground-based UV cameras Sulfur dioxide gas given out by the volcano. Images require UV light source (the sun), so produced in daylight only. Instruments must be downwind of the volcano. Powered by a car battery trickle-charged with a solar panel. Fairly large uncertainties in data, so need several instruments. Scientist to interpret data, 1.0 day/week £5,000 per instrument Satellite UV spectroscopy Sulfur dioxide gas emitted by the volcano. Images produced every day for whole island. The current satellite (Ozone Monitoring Instrument, OMI) can only detects gas that is 6 km or more above sea level. Scientist to interpret images, 0.5 day/week free Key Stage 4 - Volcano Eruption! Briefing sheet [2] Instruments and staffing