relationships between masses of atoms in the reactants and the products, and the translation of these relationships to the macroscopic scale using the mole as the conversion from the atomic to the macroscopic scale. Emphasis is on assessing students’ use of mathematical thinking and not on memorization and rote application of problem-solving techniques.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include complex chemical reactions.] Disciplinary Core Ideas: Students who Connections to Essential Science Science Demos, Forces and Interactions demonstrate other DCIs and Vocabulary Assessment Labs/Activities understanding can: Articulations (Highlight Probes denotes District Content Vocabulary) PS2.A: Forces and Motion HS-PS2-1. Analyze data to Newton’s second law accurately support the claim that Newton’s Connections: Newton’s second HS.PS3.A predicts changes in the motion of second law of motion describes law macroscopic objects. (HS-PS2-1) the mathematical relationship Momentum HS.PS3.C (HS-PS2-1); HS.PS4.B (HS-PS2-5); Momentum is defined for a among the net force on a Mo = mv HS.ESS1.B (HS-PS2-4); particular frame of reference; macroscopic object, its mass, and Velocity HS.ESS2.A (HS-PS2-5) it is the mass times the velocity of its acceleration. [Clarification Mass the object. In any system, total Statement: Examples of data Net unbalanced Articulations: MS.PS1.A (HS-PS2-5); momentum is always conserved. could include tables or graphs of force MS.PS2.A (HS-PS2-2) position or velocity as a function Newton’s Law of If a system interacts with objects of time for objects subject to a net Universal MS.PS2.B outside itself, the total unbalanced force, such as a falling Gravitation MS.PS3.C momentum of the system can object, an object rolling down a Coulomb’s Law MS.ESS1.B change; however, any ramp, or a moving object being Gravitational such change is balanced by pulled by a constant force.] force changes in the momentum of [Assessment Boundary: Electrostatic objects outside the system. Assessment is limited to force
relationships between masses of atoms in the reactants and the products, and the translation of these relationships to the macroscopic scale using the mole as the conversion from the atomic to the macroscopic scale. Emphasis is on assessing students’ use of mathematical thinking and not on memorization and rote application of problem-solving techniques.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include complex chemical reactions.] Disciplinary Core Ideas: Forces and Interactions Students who demonstrate understanding can: Connections to other DCIs and Articulations Essential Vocabulary (Highlight denotes District Content Vocabulary) Science Assessment Probes Science Demos, Labs/Activities PS2.A: Forces and Motion Newton’s second law accurately predicts changes in the motion of macroscopic objects. (HS-PS2-1) Momentum is defined for a particular frame of reference; it is the mass times the velocity of the object. In any system, total momentum is always conserved. (HS-PS2-2) If a system interacts with objects outside itself, the total momentum of the system can change; however, any such change is balanced by changes in the momentum of objects outside the system. HS-PS2-1. Analyze data to support the claim that Newton’s second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration. [Clarification Statement: Examples of data could include tables or graphs of position or velocity as a function of time for objects subject to a net unbalanced force, such as a falling object, an object rolling down a ramp, or a moving object being pulled by a constant force.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to Connections: HS.PS3.A HS.PS3.C (HS-PS2-1); HS.PS4.B (HS-PS2-5); HS.ESS1.B (HS-PS2-4); HS.ESS2.A (HS-PS2-5) Articulations: MS.PS1.A (HS-PS2-5); MS.PS2.A MS.PS2.B MS.PS3.C MS.ESS1.B Newton’s second law Momentum Mo = mv Velocity Mass Net unbalanced force Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation Coulomb’s Law Gravitational force Electrostatic force