Almonds and almond products Almonds usually less than Levels comply with Standard – Survey 1 10 mg/kg for 1.4.1. ‘sweet almonds’ 6 3 (50) 8.4 (4.8-12.4) Almonds (whole, flaked, ground or however higher concentrations butter) may occur in some varieties 3 0 (0) - (Karkocha, 1973; EFSA, 2004). Almond essence 4 1 (25) 5.3 Marzipan Marzipan and other similar 2 0 (0) - Other (almond oil, almond jelly) products made from apricot kernels range of 15-50 mg/kg – (EFSA, 2004). Apple products Apple seeds range of No standards established. – Survey 1 mg/kg (Haque and 8 1 (13) 5.4 Apple juice Bradbury, 2002; Holzbecher, 3 2 (66) 3.9 (3.6-4.1) Apple sauce 1984; WHO, 2012). 1 0 (0) - Apple cider vinegar There does not appear to be any published data on the total HCN Survey 2 content of apple juice or apple 108 4 (4) 2.6 (1.5-4.2) sauce. Apple juice Survey 3 8 0 (0) - Infant apple puree Linseed/flaxseed and products Linseed and LSA results No standards established. – Survey 1 consistent (but generally at the 5 5 (100) 127 (91-178) Linseed (whole or meal) low end) with previous published 2 2 (100) 58 (55-60) LSA^ material for linseed/flaxseed 3 3 (100) 9.0 (5.4-12.6) (Haque and Bradbury, 2002; Bread containing linseed Kobaisy et al, 1996; WHO, 3 0 (0) - Flaxseed and LSA oil 2012). Bread containing linseed Survey 3 – 3 3 (100) 37 (30-49) 9 mg/kg (WHO, 2012). Bread containing linseed Results consistent with the stated linseed content of the breads and the HCN concentrations in linseed for each country.
Almonds and almond products Survey 1 Almonds (whole, flaked, ground or butter) Almond essence Marzipan Other (almond oil, almond jelly) 6 3 4 2 3 (50) 0 (0) 1 (25) 0 (0) 8.4 (4.8-12.4) - 5.3 - Almonds – usually less than 10 mg/kg for ‘sweet almonds’ however higher concentrations may occur in some varieties (Karkocha, 1973; EFSA, 2004). Marzipan and other similar products made from apricot kernels – range of 15-50 mg/kg (EFSA, 2004). Levels comply with Standard 1.4.1. Apple products Survey 1 Apple juice Apple sauce Apple cider vinegar Survey 2 Apple juice Survey 3 Infant apple puree 8 3 1 108 8 1 (13) 2 (66) 0 (0) 4 (4) 0 (0) 5.4 3.9 (3.6-4.1) - 2.6 (1.5-4.2) - Apple seeds – range of mg/kg (Haque and Bradbury, 2002; Holzbecher, 1984; WHO, 2012). There does not appear to be any published data on the total HCN content of apple juice or apple sauce. No standards established. Linseed/flaxseed and products Survey 1 Linseed (whole or meal) LSA^ Bread containing linseed Flaxseed and LSA oil Survey 3 Bread containing linseed 5 2 3 3 3 5 (100) 2 (100) 3 (100) 0 (0) 3 (100) 127 (91-178) 58 (55-60) 9.0 (5.4-12.6) - 37 (30-49) Linseed and LSA – results consistent (but generally at the low end) with previous published material for linseed/flaxseed (Haque and Bradbury, 2002; Kobaisy et al, 1996; WHO, 2012). Bread containing linseed – 9 mg/kg (WHO, 2012). Results consistent with the stated linseed content of the breads and the HCN concentrations in linseed for each country. No standards established.