2DC Probe No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes CDP No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ICNC No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes (2DC + CDP) Humidity and Temperature Air temperature was measured by six different sensors aboard the GV aircraft: four heated sensors (Harco Model 100009-1), one high-rate sensor, and the aircraft avionics system. For each campaign, the investigators designated a air temperature measurement that “reference” is believed to be the most accurate and is suggested for use in thermodynamic calculations. The sensor that served as the source of the reference value varied between campaigns. The reference air temperature value was used to calculate the saturation vapor pressure of water with respect to ice following the method presented by Murphy and Koop (2005) (see Appendix, 8.1). RHi was then calculated from ambient water vapor pressure measurements from the 25-Hz vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) hygrometer mounted on the aircraft’s fuselage (Zondlo et al., 2010). The open-path design of the VCSEL hygrometer allows for a fast response time and avoids the sampling effects associated with closed-path systems. The accuracy and precision of the hygrometer are 6% and <3%, respectively. Water vapor measurements in the datasets had been averaged to 1 second for consistency with the frequencies of other measurements. Measurements from the VCSEL hygrometer were available across all three campaigns for all of the RFs except for RF08 of HIPPO-1, when the VCSEL hygrometer was inoperable. Aerosol Particles Condensation nuclei larger than 11 nm in diameter were measured during DEEPWAVE and ORCAS by a TSI-3760A butanol-based CN counter. Particles are exposed to supersaturated butanol vapor and the resulting droplets are detected by an optical counter. The CN counter can measure particles larger than the size threshold of 11 nm at concentrations up to 10,000 cm-3 with an accuracy of 10% (http://www.tsi.com/condensation-particle-counter-3760a/ ). Aerosol particles with a diameter between 0.06 m and 1.0 m were measured by an sensitivity aerosol spectrometer (UHSAS; Droplet Measurement Technologies) during all campaigns with the exception of HIPPO-2. The UHSAS can measure particle concentrations up
2DC Probe No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes CDP No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ICNC (2DC + CDP) No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Humidity and Temperature Air temperature was measured by six different sensors aboard the GV aircraft: four heated sensors (Harco Model 100009-1), one high-rate sensor, and the aircraft avionics system. For each campaign, the investigators designated a “reference” air temperature measurement that is believed to be the most accurate and is suggested for use in thermodynamic calculations. The sensor that served as the source of the reference value varied between campaigns. The reference air temperature value was used to calculate the saturation vapor pressure of water with respect to ice following the method presented by Murphy and Koop (2005) (see Appendix, 8.1). RHi was then calculated from ambient water vapor pressure measurements from the 25-Hz vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) hygrometer mounted on the aircraft’s fuselage (Zondlo et al., 2010). The open-path design of the VCSEL hygrometer allows for a fast response time and avoids the sampling effects associated with closed-path systems. The accuracy and precision of the hygrometer are 6% and <3%, respectively. Water vapor measurements in the datasets had been averaged to 1 second for consistency with the frequencies of other measurements. Measurements from the VCSEL hygrometer were available across all three campaigns for all of the RFs except for RF08 of HIPPO-1, when the VCSEL hygrometer was inoperable. Aerosol Particles Condensation nuclei larger than 11 nm in diameter were measured during DEEPWAVE and ORCAS by a TSI-3760A butanol-based CN counter. Particles are exposed to supersaturated butanol vapor and the resulting droplets are detected by an optical counter. The CN counter can measure particles larger than the size threshold of 11 nm at concentrations up to 10,000 cm-3 with an accuracy of 10% (http://www.tsi.com/condensation-particle-counter-3760a/ ). Aerosol particles with a diameter between 0.06 m and 1.0 m were measured by an sensitivity aerosol spectrometer (UHSAS; Droplet Measurement Technologies) during all campaigns with the exception of HIPPO-2. The UHSAS can measure particle concentrations up