End fighting between tribes Protect Plains Indians from white Allow migrants safe travel Americans (including migrants) Permit railroad companies to survey their lands Pay tribes an annuity (a yearly payment) of Allow government roads and army posts in $50,000 as long as the Treaty terms are their land kept Pay compensation if treaty is broken Significance and problems with the Treaty: Safe passage for migrants undermined the Permanent Indian Frontier. US government’s annuity meant Plains Indians had a relationship with the government depending on them behaving as they were asked. Individual chiefs had signed the treaty; bands would decide if they followed the treaty. Boundaries of tribes’ territory weren’t seen as serious. Problems of lawlessness in early towns and settlements: There were laws in the West, the problem was enforcing these laws. Mass settlement in California meant mining camps attracted people to make money from prospectors, often by illegal methods. In 1849 San Francisco’s population increased (from 1,000 to 25,000). Rival – gangs took control of city areas and law officers were ineffective. Government action: Federal government decided on laws for each territory in the West. Problems with law and order: Geography - territories were huge areas with scattered settlements. Federal government spending meant law enforcement was badly paid. As a result, many law officers were corrupt. They had no legal training and injustice caused tension. Crime in San Francisco created the committee’ which captured, tried ‘vigilance and punished criminals. Racist attacks increased as mass settlements grew the state government was – also racist, especially towards Chinese settlers. Attempted solutions: Federal government If they had 60,000 people it could apply to become a – state and have its own land. If they had less their own law enforcement was controlled by a system set by politicians. It included: 3 judges, marshals, deputies and posses. Mining camps grew and shrank so fast they needed their own solution. –
End fighting between tribes Allow migrants safe travel Permit railroad companies to survey their lands Allow government roads and army posts in their land Pay compensation if treaty is broken Protect Plains Indians from white Americans (including migrants) Pay tribes an annuity (a yearly payment) of $50,000 as long as the Treaty terms are kept Significance and problems with the Treaty: Safe passage for migrants undermined the Permanent Indian Frontier. US government’s annuity meant Plains Indians had a relationship with the government depending on them behaving as they were asked. Individual chiefs had signed the treaty; bands would decide if they followed the treaty. Boundaries of tribes’ territory weren’t seen as serious. Problems of lawlessness in early towns and settlements: There were laws in the West, the problem was enforcing these laws. Mass settlement in California meant mining camps attracted people to make money from prospectors, often by illegal methods. In 1849 – San Francisco’s population increased (from 1,000 to 25,000). Rival gangs took control of city areas and law officers were ineffective. Government action: Federal government decided on laws for each territory in the West. Problems with law and order: Geography - territories were huge areas with scattered settlements. Federal government spending meant law enforcement was badly paid. As a result, many law officers were corrupt. They had no legal training and injustice caused tension. Crime in San Francisco created the ‘vigilance committee’ which captured, tried and punished criminals. Racist attacks increased as mass settlements grew – the state government was also racist, especially towards Chinese settlers. Attempted solutions: Federal government – If they had 60,000 people it could apply to become a state and have its own land. If they had less their own law enforcement was controlled by a system set by politicians. It included: 3 judges, marshals, deputies and posses. Mining camps – grew and shrank so fast they needed their own solution.