Cognition Key Terms Learning Objectives Notecard Terms Compare and contrast various cognitive encoding • storage processes: retrieval effortful versus automatic processing; — automatic processing deep versus shallow processing; — effortful processing focused versus divided attention. — selective attention Describe and differentiate psychological rehearsal • and physiological systems of memory serial position effect semantic encoding (e.g., short-term memory, procedural mnemonic device memory). method of loci Outline the principles that underlie • chunking effective encoding, storage, and sensory memory construction short-term memory of memories. long-term memory flashbulb memory Describe strategies for memory • long-term potentiation improvement. explicit memory Synthesize how biological, cognitive, and • implicit memory cultural factors converge to facilitate recall acquisition, development, and use of recognition language. context effect state-dependent memory Identify problem-solving strategies as • proactive interference well as factors that influence their retroactive interference effectiveness. Hermann Ebbinghaus List the characteristics of creative • Sigmund Freud thought and creative thinkers. Elizabeth Loftus Identify key contributors in cognitive concept • prototype psychology (e.g., Noam Chomsky, algorithm Hermann Ebbinghaus, Wolfgang Köhler, heuristic Elizabeth Loftus, George A. Miller). insight mental set fixation functional fixedness confirmation bias availability heuristic overconfidence framing
Cognition Key Terms Learning Objectives Notecard Terms • Compare and contrast various cognitive processes: — effortful versus automatic processing; — deep versus shallow processing; — focused versus divided attention. • Describe and differentiate psychological and physiological systems of memory (e.g., short-term memory, procedural memory). • Outline the principles that underlie effective encoding, storage, and construction of memories. • Describe strategies for memory improvement. • Synthesize how biological, cognitive, and cultural factors converge to facilitate acquisition, development, and use of language. • Identify problem-solving strategies as well as factors that influence their effectiveness. • List the characteristics of creative thought and creative thinkers. • Identify key contributors in cognitive psychology (e.g., Noam Chomsky, Hermann Ebbinghaus, Wolfgang Köhler, Elizabeth Loftus, George A. Miller). encoding storage retrieval automatic processing effortful processing selective attention rehearsal serial position effect semantic encoding mnemonic device method of loci chunking sensory memory short-term memory long-term memory flashbulb memory long-term potentiation explicit memory implicit memory recall recognition context effect state-dependent memory proactive interference retroactive interference Hermann Ebbinghaus Sigmund Freud Elizabeth Loftus concept prototype algorithm heuristic insight mental set fixation functional fixedness confirmation bias availability heuristic overconfidence framing