physical activity, smoking Incidence, 1.3 vs 0.2 colorectal 0.79 (0.70-0.89) g/1000kcal/day cancer Incidence, 1.3 vs 0.2 0.86 (0.75-0.99) colon cancer g/1000kcal/day Incidence, 1.3 vs 0.2 colorectal 0.79 (0.79-0.91) g/1000kcal/day Age, sex, cancer, men NIH-AARP, calcium intake, Incidence, Schatzkin, Prospective folate intake, 1.3 vs 0.2 2 974/ Cancer registry proximal 0.84 (0.69-1.01) 2007 Cohort, physical activity, Conversion from 489 611 and national FFQ g/1000kcal/day COL40662 Age: 50-71 red meat intake, g/1000 kcal/d to g/d colon cancer 5 years death Index USA years, smoking status, Incidence, M/W total energy colorectal 1.3 vs 0.2 0.87 (0.70-1.07) intake cancer, g/1000kcal/day women Incidence, 1.3 vs 0.2 distal colon 0.85 (0.69-1.06) g/1000kcal/day cancer Incidence, 1.3 vs 0.2 0.64 (0.51-0.81) rectal cancer g/1000kcal/day IWHS, Prospective Incidence, McCarl, 2006 954/ Midpoints, vs Cohort, ≥19 ≤3.5 colorectal 0.81 (0.66-0.99) COL40633 35 197 SEER registry FFQ Age conversion from Age: 55-69 servings/week USA 15 years serv/wk to g/d cancer years, W SMC, Incidence, vs ≥4.5 ≤1.4 Prospective colorectal 0.80 (0.60-1.06) Larsson, 2005 805/ servings/day Cohort, cancer COL01883 61 433 Cancer registry FFQ Age: 40-76 Incidence, Sweden 14.8 years vs ≥4.5 ≤1.4 years, colorectal 0.76 (0.56-1.03) servings/day W cancer,
physical activity, smoking Schatzkin, 2007 COL40662 USA NIH-AARP, Prospective Cohort, Age: 50-71 years, M/W 2 974/ 489 611 5 years Cancer registry and national death Index FFQ Incidence, colorectal cancer 1.3 vs 0.2 g/1000kcal/day 0.79 (0.70-0.89) Age, sex, calcium intake, folate intake, physical activity, red meat intake, smoking status, total energy intake Conversion from g/1000 kcal/d to g/d Incidence, colon cancer 1.3 vs 0.2 g/1000kcal/day 0.86 (0.75-0.99) Incidence, colorectal cancer, men 1.3 vs 0.2 g/1000kcal/day 0.79 (0.79-0.91) Incidence, proximal colon cancer 1.3 vs 0.2 g/1000kcal/day 0.84 (0.69-1.01) Incidence, colorectal cancer, women 1.3 vs 0.2 g/1000kcal/day 0.87 (0.70-1.07) Incidence, distal colon cancer 1.3 vs 0.2 g/1000kcal/day 0.85 (0.69-1.06) Incidence, rectal cancer 1.3 vs 0.2 g/1000kcal/day 0.64 (0.51-0.81) McCarl, 2006 COL40633 USA IWHS, Prospective Cohort, Age: 55-69 years, W 954/ 35 197 15 years SEER registry FFQ Incidence, colorectal cancer ≥19 vs ≤3.5 servings/week 0.81 (0.66-0.99) Age Midpoints, conversion from serv/wk to g/d Larsson, 2005 COL01883 Sweden SMC, Prospective Cohort, Age: 40-76 years, W 805/ 61 433 14.8 years Cancer registry FFQ Incidence, colorectal cancer ≥4.5 vs ≤1.4 servings/day 0.80 (0.60-1.06) Incidence, colorectal cancer, ≥4.5 vs ≤1.4 servings/day 0.76 (0.56-1.03)