allowance values for the SO2 and NOX allowances, the impacts of these emissions would be insignificant. Imports and Exports One of the key assumptions was New England’s import/export interchange flows with New York, Québec, and New Brunswick (the Maritimes). Figure 38 shows the external areas along the periphery of the New England footprint. To represent energy flows between these external areas and New England, typical diurnal profiles were developed from historical flows. This approach captured the characteristics observed within the historical data and represented the interchange by month throughout the year. An alternative to using daily diurnal curves would use a single 8,760-hour profile from a specific year as representative of future flows. However, such an historical profile would contain event-specific anomalies that may not be appropriate to include in a planning study. Figure : New England’s external interfaces. Note: HQ refers to Hydro-Québec Phase II. For this analysis, data for 2012, 2013, and 2014 were used to develop the twelve monthly 24-hour diurnal profiles of the study year. The 24-hour profile for each month was developed by using the three-year historical average of flows from the interchange profile for each hour of the day of interest. Because each month has about 30 days, and the study used three historical years of data, each hour of the profile represented the average of approximately 90 historical values. The diurnal flows across these external interfaces are presented in Figure 39 to Figure 314. These graphs show the profiles for each of the three years, with the three-year average shown as a thick blue line. Québec Figure 39 shows the flows across Hydro-Québec Phase II (HQ PII) into Sandy Pond, and Figure 310 shows the flows across the Highgate interconnection. Figure : Average diurnal flows by month, representing net energy injections into New England from Québec at HQ PII, 2012 to 2014 (MW). Figure : Average diurnal flows by month, representing net energy injections into New England from Québec at Highgate, 2012 to 2014 (MW). The Maritimes Instead of a three-year average, the New Brunswick imports, shown in Figure 311, were based on the maximum daily diurnal profiles for 2013 and 2014, by month, to reflect the return of the Point Lepreau nuclear generating station in 2013.
allowance values for the SO2 and NOX allowances, the impacts of these emissions would be insignificant. Imports and Exports One of the key assumptions was New England’s import/export interchange flows with New York, Québec, and New Brunswick (the Maritimes). Figure 38 shows the external areas along the periphery of the New England footprint. To represent energy flows between these external areas and New England, typical diurnal profiles were developed from historical flows. This approach captured the characteristics observed within the historical data and represented the interchange by month throughout the year. An alternative to using daily diurnal curves would use a single 8,760-hour profile from a specific year as representative of future flows. However, such an historical profile would contain event-specific anomalies that may not be appropriate to include in a planning study. Figure : New England’s external interfaces. Note: HQ refers to Hydro-Québec Phase II. For this analysis, data for 2012, 2013, and 2014 were used to develop the twelve monthly 24-hour diurnal profiles of the study year. The 24-hour profile for each month was developed by using the three-year historical average of flows from the interchange profile for each hour of the day of interest. Because each month has about 30 days, and the study used three historical years of data, each hour of the profile represented the average of approximately 90 historical values. The diurnal flows across these external interfaces are presented in Figure 39 to Figure 314. These graphs show the profiles for each of the three years, with the three-year average shown as a thick blue line. Québec Figure 39 shows the flows across Hydro-Québec Phase II (HQ PII) into Sandy Pond, and Figure 310 shows the flows across the Highgate interconnection. Figure : Average diurnal flows by month, representing net energy injections into New England from Québec at HQ PII, 2012 to 2014 (MW). Figure : Average diurnal flows by month, representing net energy injections into New England from Québec at Highgate, 2012 to 2014 (MW). The Maritimes Instead of a three-year average, the New Brunswick imports, shown in Figure 311, were based on the maximum daily diurnal profiles for 2013 and 2014, by month, to reflect the return of the Point Lepreau nuclear generating station in 2013.