Working Memory Definition: The ability to hold information in mind long enough to solve a problem and/or complete a task. Common Difficulties Short attention span; trouble concentrating on tasks; easily distracted Remembering multistep instructions and/or tasks (e.g., students falter Remembering to bring necessary books and materials from school to when a task requires that they remember a series of directions, home and back again generate ideas in response to the directions and then express their Remembering to and correct errors when writing papers, taking tests, ideas) or doing homework Remembering and applying crucial information in to move to the Performing consistently across situations, content areas, and tasks next step of a task Studying strategically so that complex information is retained over time Remembering to hand in completed assignments on time (e.g., (e.g., students remember facts and spelling for quizzes and tests, but do students with executive function difficulties often leave school with not connect concepts and cannot juggle the information mentally so they their homework still in their bags) can access this information on a long-term basis) Information just doesn’t for them “stick” Environmental Modifications - Elementary Teaching Skills - Elementary Acronyms Establish eye contact prior to essential Present information in multiple formats (visual, kinesthetic, etc). Crazy Phrases directions. Teach self-talk strategies. Lengthened rate of presentation of new Cartoons Teach active listening skills. material. Chunk Mnemonic devices. material into smaller chunks. Attach Meaning Chunk information. Frequent task changes/ Rehearse Rehearsal. Frequent, short breaks, particularly with Brainstorm key & phrases in Attend to detail motor or relaxing activities advance. Can I review? Do a few; then with me. Lists of charts of common transition Can I recite? Reduce environmental distractions. words & phrases. Can I picture it? Increased supervision. Lists of sentence starters. Chunk Rhymes. Place him in the middle of activities. Attach Meaning Pre-organize information. Visual representations. Rehearse Additional time; to retrieve Visual-kinesthetic strategies. ‘think Who, what, when, why information. Title & why New information kept brief and Stories. Margin notes, post-it notes, text codes repeated. Graphic organizers. BOTEC (Brainstorm, Organize, Topic sentence, Evidence, Conclusion)’ Written checklist of steps. Beginning of day meeting to SPORTS (Sentence structure, Punctuation, Organization, Repetition, Tenses, Repeat instructions. organize the day. Spelling) for editing. Environmental Modifications Secondary Teaching Skills - Secondary –
Working Memory Definition: The ability to hold information in mind long enough to solve a problem and/or complete a task. Common Difficulties Short attention span; trouble concentrating on tasks; easily distracted Remembering to bring necessary books and materials from school to home and back again Remembering to and correct errors when writing papers, taking tests, or doing homework Performing consistently across situations, content areas, and tasks Studying strategically so that complex information is retained over time (e.g., students remember facts and spelling for quizzes and tests, but do not connect concepts and cannot juggle the information mentally so they can access this information on a long-term basis) Remembering multistep instructions and/or tasks (e.g., students falter when a task requires that they remember a series of directions, generate ideas in response to the directions and then express their ideas) Remembering and applying crucial information in to move to the next step of a task Remembering to hand in completed assignments on time (e.g., students with executive function difficulties often leave school with their homework still in their bags) Information just doesn’t “stick” for them Environmental Modifications - Elementary Teaching Skills - Elementary Acronyms Crazy Phrases Cartoons Chunk Attach Meaning Rehearse Brainstorm key & phrases in advance. Lists of charts of common transition words & phrases. Lists of sentence starters. Rhymes. Visual representations. Visual-kinesthetic strategies. Stories. Graphic organizers. Beginning of day meeting to organize the day. Establish eye contact prior to essential directions. Lengthened rate of presentation of new material. material into smaller chunks. Frequent task changes/ Frequent, short breaks, particularly with motor or relaxing activities Do a few; then with me. Reduce environmental distractions. Increased supervision. Place him in the middle of activities. Pre-organize information. Additional ‘think time; to retrieve information. New information kept brief and repeated. Written checklist of steps. Repeat instructions. Present information in multiple formats (visual, kinesthetic, etc). Teach self-talk strategies. Teach active listening skills. Mnemonic devices. Chunk information. Rehearsal. Attend to detail Can I review? Can I recite? Can I picture it? Chunk Attach Meaning Rehearse Who, what, when, why Title & why Margin notes, post-it notes, text codes BOTEC (Brainstorm, Organize, Topic sentence, Evidence, Conclusion)’ SPORTS (Sentence structure, Punctuation, Organization, Repetition, Tenses, Spelling) for editing. Environmental Modifications – Secondary Teaching Skills - Secondary