Table 2 Attributes (n = 65) used to characterise each of the draft HEVAE Framework Criteria Biodiversity surrogate set Criterion, attribute type and code Method, rationale and key reference Bug Turt Bird Riv Pal PU Fish Lac 1. Diversity Richness (S) Number of taxa in a planning unit (also referred to as alpha diversity). Diversity (H’) Shannon Diversity. An index that incorporates the number of species and the evenness of the distribution of individuals across species (area of occurrences in a planning unit was used as the measure of abundance). The index can increase either by having additional unique species or by having greater species evenness (Shannon 1948). Richness Index (Ii) An index of species richness which is weighted by individual species’ frequencies of occurrence. Planning units with high Ii values contain many widespread species (Minns 1987; Chu, Minns & Mandrak 2003) Phylogenetic diversity A measure of diversity based on units of phylogenetic variation (instead of species) (Faith 1992; Faith, Reid & Hunter 2004). (PD) For a given faunal group, PD is calculated as the sum of those branch lengths of the phylogenetic tree representing the species occurring in a planning unit. Areas with high PD may represent centres of current speciation and may be important areas to protect for maintenance of evolutionary processes. High PD could arise by having a high number of closely related species or by having few species that are phylogenetically divergent from one another. PD incorporates complementarity in that the score contributed by a given taxon in a planning unit depends on how closely it is related to other species present. Molecular phylogenies are not available for most faunal groups and taxa considered in this report, so published phylogenies and assumed equal branch lengths were used. The level of taxonomic resolution used to calculate PD varied among faunal groups (order for macroinvertebrates, family-level for fish and waterbirds, and species-level for turtles). 2. Distinctiveness Rarity Index (Qi) An index of species rarity based on the mean frequency of occurrences of individual species/ecotopes. Planning units with
Table 2 Attributes (n = 65) used to characterise each of the draft HEVAE Framework Criteria Criterion, attribute type and code Biodiversity surrogate set Method, rationale and key reference Bug Fish Turt Bird Riv Lac Pal PU 1. Diversity Richness (S) Number of taxa in a planning unit (also referred to as alpha diversity). Diversity (H’) Shannon Diversity. An index that incorporates the number of species and the evenness of the distribution of individuals across species (area of occurrences in a planning unit was used as the measure of abundance). The index can increase either by having additional unique species or by having greater species evenness (Shannon 1948). Richness Index (Ii) An index of species richness which is weighted by individual species’ frequencies of occurrence. Planning units with high Ii values contain many widespread species (Minns 1987; Chu, Minns & Mandrak 2003) Phylogenetic diversity (PD) A measure of diversity based on units of phylogenetic variation (instead of species) (Faith 1992; Faith, Reid & Hunter 2004). For a given faunal group, PD is calculated as the sum of those branch lengths of the phylogenetic tree representing the species occurring in a planning unit. Areas with high PD may represent centres of current speciation and may be important areas to protect for maintenance of evolutionary processes. High PD could arise by having a high number of closely related species or by having few species that are phylogenetically divergent from one another. PD incorporates complementarity in that the score contributed by a given taxon in a planning unit depends on how closely it is related to other species present. Molecular phylogenies are not available for most faunal groups and taxa considered in this report, so published phylogenies and assumed equal branch lengths were used. The level of taxonomic resolution used to calculate PD varied among faunal groups (order for macroinvertebrates, family-level for fish and waterbirds, and species-level for turtles). 2. Distinctiveness Rarity Index (Qi) An index of species rarity based on the mean frequency of occurrences of individual species/ecotopes. Planning units with