Q22 –Explain strength of the cognitive approach. A22 – It is scientific. Methods to collect and evaluate data are effective. This is better than introspection or common sense explanations. Q23 –Explain the limitations of the computer model A23 – There are differences between information processing in a human mind and a computer. Computers don’t make mistakes, they don’t ignore information and they don’t forget. Humans do all of these things. Q24 –Explain another limitation of the cognitive approach A24 – It tells us how cognitive processes take place but not why i.e. role of emotion and motivation has been ignored. It is overly dependent on information processing analogies Q25 – Explain another limitation linked to validity A25 – Lacks ecological validity, tasks that are used to investigate are unlike everyday experiences. Artificial test materials are used e.g. nonsense trigrams. Therefore cannot generalise to real life. Q26 –Summarise the key assumptions of the psychodynamic approach A26 – Emphasis on change and development - Drive is the central component - The person constantly changes as they develop - Early childhood experiences are important as well as unconscious motives and desires. Q27. Summarise Freud’s main assumption A27 – Behaviour is determined by psychological factors rather than biological factors. People are born with basic instincts and needs, behaviour largely controlled by the unconscious mind. Q28 –Freud believes that are behaviour is motivated by our unconscious mind not the conscious mind. How does our unconscious mind reveal itself? A28 – Slips of the tongue and creativity. Q29 – Which 2 components make up the structure of personality (according to Freud). Summarise them A29– The id – pleasure principle, unconscious, immediate gratification. The ego – Mediates between id and the reality principle. Compromise between the id and the super-ego The superego – Divided into conscious and internalisation of social rules. Determines which behaviours will cause guilt. Ego ideal is what a person strives towards. Q30 –What is a defence mechanism? A30 – Operate unconsciously, and distort reality to reduce anxiety. Stop unpleasant thoughts associated with trauma. Q31 –How does repression work as a defence mechanism? A31 – Thoughts and impulses are blocked and put into the unconscious. This influences behaviour but individual is unaware why. Q32 –How does denial work? A32 – Refusal to accept reality therefore person doesn’t need to deal with the feelings.
Q22 –Explain strength of the cognitive approach. A22 – It is scientific. Methods to collect and evaluate data are effective. This is better than introspection or common sense explanations. Q23 –Explain the limitations of the computer model A23 – There are differences between information processing in a human mind and a computer. Computers don’t make mistakes, they don’t ignore information and they don’t forget. Humans do all of these things. Q24 –Explain another limitation of the cognitive approach A24 – It tells us how cognitive processes take place but not why i.e. role of emotion and motivation has been ignored. It is overly dependent on information processing analogies Q25 – Explain another limitation linked to validity A25 – Lacks ecological validity, tasks that are used to investigate are unlike everyday experiences. Artificial test materials are used e.g. nonsense trigrams. Therefore cannot generalise to real life. Q26 –Summarise the key assumptions of the psychodynamic approach A26 – Emphasis on change and development - Drive is the central component - The person constantly changes as they develop - Early childhood experiences are important as well as unconscious motives and desires. Q27. Summarise Freud’s main assumption A27 – Behaviour is determined by psychological factors rather than biological factors. People are born with basic instincts and needs, behaviour largely controlled by the unconscious mind. Q28 –Freud believes that are behaviour is motivated by our unconscious mind not the conscious mind. How does our unconscious mind reveal itself? A28 – Slips of the tongue and creativity. Q29 – Which 2 components make up the structure of personality (according to Freud). Summarise them A29– The id – pleasure principle, unconscious, immediate gratification. The ego – Mediates between id and the reality principle. Compromise between the id and the super-ego The superego – Divided into conscious and internalisation of social rules. Determines which behaviours will cause guilt. Ego ideal is what a person strives towards. Q30 –What is a defence mechanism? A30 – Operate unconsciously, and distort reality to reduce anxiety. Stop unpleasant thoughts associated with trauma. Q31 –How does repression work as a defence mechanism? A31 – Thoughts and impulses are blocked and put into the unconscious. This influences behaviour but individual is unaware why. Q32 –How does denial work? A32 – Refusal to accept reality therefore person doesn’t need to deal with the feelings.