Gradual change in the structure, composition, or dynamics of geological objects Evolution, geological: or systems. Stack of 57 benthic marine records reflecting global ice volume and Global benthic isotope stack: 18O deep ocean temperature for the past 5.3 My, often used as stratigraphic reference record. Discontinuity (‘break’) in the stratigraphic succession. Hiatus: Phenomenon that not all genetic lineages are segregated at the time of Incomplete lineage sorting: species splitting. Integration of two or more scientific disciplines. Interdisciplinarity: Within a lake. Intralacustrine: Plot showing the accumulation of lineages through time in a Lineages-through-time plot: phylogeny. Lake body excluding peripheral bodies or effluents/affluents. Lake proper: A lake that has continuously existed for > 100 ky or even > 1 My. Some authors use Long-lived lake: this synonymously with the term lake’. ‘ancient Remains of organisms from the remote past enough to be visible without a Macrofossils: microscope. A measure of the degree of magnetization of a material after the application of Magnetic susceptibility: a magnetic field. It refers to the entire microbial population within a specific environmental niche. Microbiome: Microscopically small remains of organisms from the remote past. Microfossils: A concept that correlates number of nucleotide or amino acid substitutions (i.e., Molecular clock: mutations fixed in the genome) to time. Concurrent combination of two or more scientific disciplines. Multidisciplinarity: Graphical representation of evolutionary (genealogical) relationships of several Phylogenetic tree: species or other units, which are assumed to have a common ancestor. The cloud of airborne pollen produced by plants. Pollen rain: Measured variable used to model or generate the value of a variable that is typically more Proxy: difficult to obtain.
Evolution, geological: Gradual change in the structure, composition, or dynamics of geological objects or systems. Global benthic isotope stack: Stack of 57 benthic marine 18O records reflecting global ice volume and deep ocean temperature for the past 5.3 My, often used as stratigraphic reference record. Hiatus: Discontinuity (‘break’) in the stratigraphic succession. Incomplete lineage sorting: Phenomenon that not all genetic lineages are segregated at the time of species splitting. Interdisciplinarity: Integration of two or more scientific disciplines. Intralacustrine: Within a lake. Lineages-through-time plot: Plot showing the accumulation of lineages through time in a phylogeny. Lake proper: Lake body excluding peripheral bodies or effluents/affluents. Long-lived lake: A lake that has continuously existed for > 100 ky or even > 1 My. Some authors use this synonymously with the term ‘ancient lake’. Macrofossils: Remains of organisms from the remote past enough to be visible without a microscope. Magnetic susceptibility: A measure of the degree of magnetization of a material after the application of a magnetic field. Microbiome: It refers to the entire microbial population within a specific environmental niche. Microfossils: Microscopically small remains of organisms from the remote past. Molecular clock: A concept that correlates number of nucleotide or amino acid substitutions (i.e., mutations fixed in the genome) to time. Multidisciplinarity: Concurrent combination of two or more scientific disciplines. Phylogenetic tree: Graphical representation of evolutionary (genealogical) relationships of several species or other units, which are assumed to have a common ancestor. Pollen rain: The cloud of airborne pollen produced by plants. Proxy: Measured variable used to model or generate the value of a variable that is typically more difficult to obtain.