Big Idea 5: The laws of thermodynamics describe the essential role of energy and explain and predict the direction of changes in matter Concepts THERMODYNAMICS contained in Big Idea 5 – – 1. rxn = 0Products - Reactants ∆H0 ∑ ∆ Hf ∑∆ Hf0 = Bond Energy Reactants - Bond energy Products ∑ ∑ - exothermic + endothermic ∆Hrxn ∆Hrxn 2. rxn = Products - Reactants ∆S0 ∑ Sf0 ∑ Sf0 - ordered + disordered ∆S0rxn 3. rxn = - 0rxn T ∆G0 ∆H0rxn ∆S - thermodynamically favored ∆G0rxn + thermodynamically unfavored ∆G0rxn 4. = - ln = free energy and equilibrium RT Q Q Keq ∆G0rxn 5. rxn = - free energy and electrochemistry nF E0 ∆G0 = 96,500 coulombs / mole electrons F Faraday’s constant 6. Phase diagrams 7. rxn = = ( ) ( ) ∆H q m c ∆T
Big Idea 5: The laws of thermodynamics describe the essential role of energy and explain and predict the direction of changes in matter Concepts – THERMODYNAMICS – contained in Big Idea 5 1. ∆H0 rxn = ∑ ∆ Hf 0Products - ∑∆ Hf0 Reactants = ∑ Bond Energy Reactants - ∑ Bond energy Products ∆Hrxn - exothermic ∆Hrxn + endothermic 2. ∆S0 rxn = ∑ Sf0 Products - ∑ Sf0 Reactants - ordered ∆S0rxn + disordered 3. ∆G0 rxn = ∆H0rxn - T ∆S 0rxn ∆G0rxn - thermodynamically favored ∆G0rxn + thermodynamically unfavored 4. ∆G0rxn = - RT ln Q Q = Keq free energy and equilibrium 5. ∆G0 rxn = - nF E0 free energy and electrochemistry F = 96,500 coulombs / mole electrons Faraday’s constant 6. Phase diagrams 7. ∆H rxn = q = m ( c ) ( ∆T )