The following table identifies the changes that have taken place in the heart following a period of aerobic training:. of the Athletes heart. Hypertrophy Increased Increased This is a common term myocardium (heart gets bigger capillarisation contractility. for an enlarged heart and stronger). This means that of the heart Resistance/strength caused by repeated an increase in the size of the muscle which training causes an strenuous exercise. ventricles allows them to fill increases the increase in the Due to the increased with more blood during the efficiency of force of heart demands of exercise diastolic phase of the cardiac diffusion of contractions due to the chambers of the cycle and will result in oxygen into the a thickening of the heart will enlarge as (a decrease in myocardium ventricular bradycardia will muscle mass. This resting heart rate) and an myocardium. This results in an increase in will increase in stroke volume. increase stroke the volume of blood and will volume that can be pumped out will also Maximum cardiac output increase the per beat. also increase but will remain as ejection fraction Consequently the heart the same at rest and a higher percentage has to contract less level of exercise of blood is pumped frequently Practice makes perfect During exercise rate will increase to meet the extra oxygen demand required by the muscles. Explain how the increasing level of carbon dioxide in the blood raises heart rate. [3] What effect would a 6 month period of aerobic training have on the heart of a soccer player [3] Just before the start of an 800m race the athlete will experience a change in heart rate. What change occurs in the athletes heart rate and why does this happen [2] Explain the bradycardia and heart’ [2] ‘athletes Define the terms cardiac output and stroke volume and explain the relationship between them [3] What are the effects of a period of training on stroke volume and cardiac resting output [2]
The following table identifies the changes that have taken place in the heart following a period of aerobic training:. Athletes heart. This is a common term for an enlarged heart caused by repeated strenuous exercise. Due to the increased demands of exercise the chambers of the heart will enlarge as will muscle mass. This results in an increase in the volume of blood that can be pumped out per beat. Consequently the heart has to contract less frequently Hypertrophy of the myocardium (heart gets bigger and stronger). This means that an increase in the size of the ventricles allows them to fill with more blood during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle and will result in bradycardia (a decrease in resting heart rate) and an increase in stroke volume. Maximum cardiac output will also increase but will remain the same at rest and level of exercise Increased capillarisation of the heart muscle which increases the efficiency of diffusion of oxygen into the myocardium Increased contractility. Resistance/strength training causes an increase in the force of heart contractions due to a thickening of the ventricular myocardium. This will increase stroke volume and will also increase the ejection fraction as a higher percentage of blood is pumped Practice makes perfect During exercise rate will increase to meet the extra oxygen demand required by the muscles. Explain how the increasing level of carbon dioxide in the blood raises heart rate. [3] What effect would a 6 month period of aerobic training have on the heart of a soccer player [3] Just before the start of an 800m race the athlete will experience a change in heart rate. What change occurs in the athletes heart rate and why does this happen [2] Explain the bradycardia and ‘athletes heart’ [2] Define the terms cardiac output and stroke volume and explain the relationship between them [3] What are the effects of a period of training on resting stroke volume and cardiac output [2]