Comp. 2 Vocabulary Defined Atom: unit of matter Nucleus: the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons Electron: negatively charged particle Proton: positively charged particle Isotope: atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of atoms of the same element Compound: substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions bond: bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another Ion: atom that has a positive or negative charge Covalent bond: bond formed by the sharing of electrons Molecule: smallest unit of most compounds; made of two or more atoms of the same element Cohesion: attraction between molecules of the same substance Adhesion: attraction between molecules of different substances Mixture: material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined Solution: mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed Solute: substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution Solvent: substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution Suspension: mixture of water and nondissolved materials pH scale: measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14 Acid: compound that hydrogen ions (H+) in solution Base: compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) in solution Buffer: weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH Monomer: small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers Polymer: large compound formed from combinations of many monomers Carbohydrate: compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen major source of energy for the human body Monosaccharide: single sugar molecule Polysaccharide: large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides Lipid: macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes Nucleic acid: macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus Nucleotide: monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Comp. 2 Vocabulary Defined Atom: unit of matter Nucleus: the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons Electron: negatively charged particle Proton: positively charged particle Isotope: atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of atoms of the same element Compound: substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions bond: bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another Ion: atom that has a positive or negative charge Covalent bond: bond formed by the sharing of electrons Molecule: smallest unit of most compounds; made of two or more atoms of the same element Cohesion: attraction between molecules of the same substance Adhesion: attraction between molecules of different substances Mixture: material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined Solution: mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed Solute: substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution Solvent: substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution Suspension: mixture of water and nondissolved materials pH scale: measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14 Acid: compound that hydrogen ions (H+) in solution Base: compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) in solution Buffer: weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH Monomer: small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers Polymer: large compound formed from combinations of many monomers Carbohydrate: compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen major source of energy for the human body Monosaccharide: single sugar molecule Polysaccharide: large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides Lipid: macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes Nucleic acid: macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus Nucleotide: monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base