From Gene to Protein via Transcription and Translation How do genes influence our characteristics? A gene is a segment of DNA that gives the instructions for making a protein. Different versions of a gene result in different versions of a protein which can result in different characteristics. This chart shows an example. Protein Characteristic Gene in DNA One version of a gene gives When a blood vessel is injured, After an injury, a instructions for normal clotting normal clotting protein results in blood clot stops the protein. prompt blood clot formation. bleeding. Another version of the gene Defective clotting protein results Excessive bleeding instructions for defective in slow blood clot formation. = hemophilia clotting protein. 1. Explain how different versions of a gene determine whether or not a person has hemophilia. How does a gene give the instructions for making a protein? 2a. The first step is transcription of the gene. During transcription, the instructions in the gene in the DNA are copied to messenger RNA, which is usually called ______________. (DNA / mRNA / protein) 2b. The second step is translation. During translation, mRNA gives the instructions for making a ______________. (DNA / mRNA / protein) 3a. The figure below shows more specifics. Fill in the blanks to label the DNA, mRNA and protein. DNA and RNA are polymers of The four types of nucleotides in DNA are A, ___, ___, 3b. nucleotides. and ___. The four types of nucleotides in RNA are ___, ___, ___, and ___. 3c. During transcription, the sequence of nucleotides in a gene in the DNA determines the sequence of ___________________ in mRNA. 3d. A protein is a
From Gene to Protein via Transcription and Translation How do genes influence our characteristics? A gene is a segment of DNA that gives the instructions for making a protein. Different versions of a gene result in different versions of a protein which can result in different characteristics. This chart shows an example. Gene in DNA Protein Characteristic One version of a gene gives instructions for normal clotting protein. When a blood vessel is injured, normal clotting protein results in prompt blood clot formation. After an injury, a blood clot stops the bleeding. Another version of the gene instructions for defective clotting protein. Defective clotting protein results in slow blood clot formation. Excessive bleeding = hemophilia 1. Explain how different versions of a gene determine whether or not a person has hemophilia. How does a gene give the instructions for making a protein? 2a. The first step is transcription of the gene. During transcription, the instructions in the gene in the DNA are copied to messenger RNA, which is usually called ______________. (DNA / mRNA / protein) 2b. The second step is translation. During translation, mRNA gives the instructions for making a ______________. (DNA / mRNA / protein) 3a. The figure below shows more specifics. Fill in the blanks to label the DNA, mRNA and protein. 3b. DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides. The four types of nucleotides in DNA are A, ___, ___, and ___. The four types of nucleotides in RNA are ___, ___, ___, and ___. 3c. During transcription, the sequence of nucleotides in a gene in the DNA determines the sequence of ___________________ in mRNA. 3d. A protein is a