Battered Mothers Involved with Child Protective Services: Learning from Immigrant, Refugee and Indigenous Women’s Experiences, V. Pualani Enos, Asian & Pacific Islander Institute on Domestic Violence, July 2003, Revised 2010. Figure 1: For each and her children, ask what risks are generated by… Immediate Circumstances Aspects of Culture Institutional Response Immigration status Race Imposition of dominant culture Limited English proficiency Cultural norms and response or adaptation to Poverty standards cultural needs Lack of skills or education Childhood Promotion of victim autonomy or use Professional or social position abilities socialization of coercion Mental illness Community practices Make battering visible or ignore it Age Nationality Enhance or further damage victim’s Sexual identity Belief systems relationship with children Alcohol/drug use Ethnic pride Anticipate or ignore unintended isolation Language consequences of intervention (e.g, Dependence on adults Class arrest, deportation) Other Religion Other • • Other • Batterer Physical violence Economic abuse Psychological cruelty and manipulation • Damages her relationship to children • Sexual violence • What is the risk? In the immediate situation? Of retaliation? Of ongoing abuse and violence? Of unintended consequences of intervention? Excerpted from the Praxis Safety & Accountability Tool Kit and developed from several sources, including Safety Planning with Battered Women: Complex Lives/Difficult Choices, by J. Davies, E. Lyon, and D. Monti-Catania (Sage Publications, 1998); Assessing Social Risks of Battered Women, by R. A. Jaaber and S. Das Dasgupta; and the Battered Women’s Justice Project. Appendix 2.3 Practitioner Interviews and Observations
Battered Mothers Involved with Child Protective Services: Learning from Immigrant, Refugee and Indigenous Women’s Experiences, V. Pualani Enos, Asian & Pacific Islander Institute on Domestic Violence, July 2003, Revised 2010. Figure 1: For each and her children, ask what risks are generated by… Immediate Circumstances Aspects of Culture Institutional Response Immigration status Limited English proficiency Poverty Lack of skills or education Professional or social position abilities Mental illness Age Sexual identity Alcohol/drug use isolation Dependence on adults • Other Race Cultural norms and standards Childhood socialization Community practices Nationality Belief systems Ethnic pride Language Class Religion • Other Imposition of dominant culture response or adaptation to cultural needs Promotion of victim autonomy or use of coercion Make battering visible or ignore it Enhance or further damage victim’s relationship with children Anticipate or ignore unintended consequences of intervention (e.g, arrest, deportation) • Other Batterer Physical violence • Psychological cruelty and manipulation • Sexual violence Economic abuse • Damages her relationship to children What is the risk? In the immediate situation? Of retaliation? Of ongoing abuse and violence? Of unintended consequences of intervention? Excerpted from the Praxis Safety & Accountability Tool Kit and developed from several sources, including Safety Planning with Battered Women: Complex Lives/Difficult Choices, by J. Davies, E. Lyon, and D. Monti-Catania (Sage Publications, 1998); Assessing Social Risks of Battered Women, by R. A. Jaaber and S. Das Dasgupta; and the Battered Women’s Justice Project. Appendix 2.3 Practitioner Interviews and Observations