Incidence, rectal vs <150 ≥170 7 492/ 1.06 (0.97-1.15) cancer, women cm Age, alcohol 626/ Incidence, vs < ≥170 JPHC consumption, 102 949 colorectal 1.1 (0.8-1.5) cm I and II, smoking status, 9 years cancer, men Otani, 2005 Prospective miso soup Population COL01891 Cohort, intake, public Mid-point registries Incidence, Japan Age: 40-69 health centre categories vs <148 ≥157 360/ colorectal 1.1 (0.7-1.6) years, area, refraining cm cancer, women M/W from salty foods and animal fats 672/ NHS, Incidence, colon 87 733 1.48 (1.18-1.88) Prospective cancer Age, family 24 years Cohort, history, BMI, W, Incidence, rectal physical 166/ 1.08 (0.7-1.69) nurses activity, beef, cancer pork or lamb as Self-reported HPFS, 134/ a main verified by Incidence, rectal Wei, 2004 Prospective categories dish, processed 46 632 1.42 (0.85-2.35) medical record cancer COL00581 Cohort, Self-reported meat, alcohol, 14 years and The USA M, of calcium, folate, National Death Incidence, colon Health follow up height, 467/ 1.5 (1.13-2.00) Index cancer professionals smoking before age 30, 984/ Incidence, colon history of 1.5 (1.25-1.79) 134 356 cancer endoscopy HPFS & NHS Incidence, rectal 298/ 1.18 (0.84-1.64) cancer
7 492/ Incidence, rectal cancer, women ≥170 vs <150 cm 1.06 (0.97-1.15) Otani, 2005 COL01891 Japan JPHC I and II, Prospective Cohort, Age: 40-69 years, M/W 626/ 102 949 9 years Population registries Incidence, colorectal cancer, men ≥170 vs < cm 1.1 (0.8-1.5) Age, alcohol consumption, smoking status, miso soup intake, public health centre area, refraining from salty foods and animal fats Mid-point categories 360/ Incidence, colorectal cancer, women ≥157 vs <148 cm 1.1 (0.7-1.6) Wei, 2004 COL00581 USA NHS, Prospective Cohort, W, nurses 672/ 87 733 24 years Self-reported verified by medical record and The National Death Index Self-reported Incidence, colon cancer 1.48 (1.18-1.88) Age, family history, BMI, physical activity, beef, pork or lamb as a main dish, processed meat, alcohol, calcium, folate, height, smoking before age 30, history of endoscopy categories of follow up 166/ Incidence, rectal cancer 1.08 (0.7-1.69) HPFS, Prospective Cohort, M, Health professionals 134/ 46 632 14 years Incidence, rectal cancer 1.42 (0.85-2.35) 467/ Incidence, colon cancer 1.5 (1.13-2.00) HPFS & NHS 984/ 134 356 Incidence, colon cancer 1.5 (1.25-1.79) 298/ Incidence, rectal cancer 1.18 (0.84-1.64)