Many adenoviruses replicate in intestinal and are present in stools. However, two serotypes (types 40 and 41) have been etiologically associated with infantile gastroenteritis and may account for 5–15% of cases of viral gastroenteritis in young children. Adnovirus types 40 and 41 are abundantly present in diarrheal stools. The enteric adenoviruses are very difficult to cultivate. Symptoms may include fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, and last for approximately 10 days Norwalk Virus and Norwalk-Like Viral Agents Norwalk was first detected in stools of patients with gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease) in Norwalk, Ohio in 1968. 45% are food-borne and 52% are raw shellfish associated. They tend to rapid (explosive) epidemics in places of close contact such as cruise ships, nursing homes, hospitals and camps. Epidemiology Noroviruses are found world-wide and cause more than 23 million cases of gastroenteritis every year in the US. There are asymptomatic infections in which the patient is infectious, and sheds virus. The infective dose may be very low and virus may continue to be secreted during the convalescent period. Clinical Features
Many adenoviruses replicate in intestinal and are present in stools. However, two serotypes (types 40 and 41) have been etiologically associated with infantile gastroenteritis and may account for 5–15% of cases of viral gastroenteritis in young children. Adnovirus types 40 and 41 are abundantly present in diarrheal stools. The enteric adenoviruses are very difficult to cultivate. Symptoms may include fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, and last for approximately 10 days Norwalk Virus and Norwalk-Like Viral Agents Norwalk was first detected in stools of patients with gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease) in Norwalk, Ohio in 1968. 45% are food-borne and 52% are raw shellfish associated. They tend to rapid (explosive) epidemics in places of close contact such as cruise ships, nursing homes, hospitals and camps. Epidemiology Noroviruses are found world-wide and cause more than 23 million cases of gastroenteritis every year in the US. There are asymptomatic infections in which the patient is infectious, and sheds virus. The infective dose may be very low and virus may continue to be secreted during the convalescent period. Clinical Features