17. At low temperatures, there is no visible 2. b radiation from heat. When an object 3. b becomes quite hot, it glows with a dull red 4. d color. As its temperature increases 5. a significantly, the colors change from red 6. c to red-orange to shades of yellow to bright 7. b white at extreme temperatures. This 8. e suggests that there is a direct relationship 9. The biosphere is the part of a planet that between the color radiated by a hot object contains and supports life. and its temperature. 10. liquid water 11. gravity Active Reading 12. sunlight 13. algae SECTION: THE GEOSPHERE Map Skills 1. a 2. c 1. Peru; Brazil 3. b 2. six: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, 4. d Ecuador, and Bolivia 5. b 3. Answers may vary. Sample answer: The 6. d Amazon River system probably provides 7. e fish for human consumption, irrigation for 8. a agriculture, and trade routes. 9. c 4. east, because the map shows rivers 10. f beginning in the mountains and emptying 11. lithosphere in the Atlantic Ocean 12. asthenosphere 5. in the Atlantic Ocean or in the river 13. mesosphere system 14. outer core 15. inner core Quiz 16. Both are dense; both are at the center of Earth. The outer core is liquid, whereas SECTION: THE GEOSPHERE the inner core is solid. Matching Multiple Choice 17. The asthenosphere below them is made of 1. b 6. c rock that flows slowly, allowing the 2. c 7. a tectonic plates to move on top of it. 3. e 8. b SECTION: THE ATMOSPHERE 4 .a 9. a 1. d 5. d 10. d 2. d SECTION: THE ATMOSPHERE 3. d Matching Multiple Choice 4. b 1. a 6. d 5. The bench, like the rock, is continually 2. c 7. c absorbing energy from the sun. 3. d 8. b 6. When energy reaches the atmosphere, 4. e 9. a about half is absorbed or reflected by 5. b 10. b clouds, gases, and dust in the atmosphere. 7. d 8. The oceans and land radiate absorbed energy back into the atmosphere. SECTION: THE HYDROSPHERE AND BIOSPHERE 1. c
17. At low temperatures, there is no visible radiation from heat. When an object becomes quite hot, it glows with a dull red color. As its temperature increases significantly, the colors change from red to red-orange to shades of yellow to bright white at extreme temperatures. This suggests that there is a direct relationship between the color radiated by a hot object and its temperature. Active Reading SECTION: THE GEOSPHERE 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. b 6. d 7. e 8. a 9. c 10. f 11. lithosphere 12. asthenosphere 13. mesosphere 14. outer core 15. inner core 16. Both are dense; both are at the center of Earth. The outer core is liquid, whereas the inner core is solid. 17. The asthenosphere below them is made of rock that flows slowly, allowing the tectonic plates to move on top of it. SECTION: THE ATMOSPHERE 1. d 2. d 3. d 4. b 5. The bench, like the rock, is continually absorbing energy from the sun. 6. When energy reaches the atmosphere, about half is absorbed or reflected by clouds, gases, and dust in the atmosphere. 7. d 8. The oceans and land radiate absorbed energy back into the atmosphere. SECTION: THE HYDROSPHERE AND BIOSPHERE 1. c 2. b 3. b 4. d 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. e 9. The biosphere is the part of a planet that contains and supports life. 10. liquid water 11. gravity 12. sunlight 13. algae Map Skills 1. Peru; Brazil 2. six: Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia 3. Answers may vary. Sample answer: The Amazon River system probably provides fish for human consumption, irrigation for agriculture, and trade routes. 4. east, because the map shows rivers beginning in the mountains and emptying in the Atlantic Ocean 5. in the Atlantic Ocean or in the river system Quiz SECTION: THE GEOSPHERE Matching Multiple Choice 1. b 6. c 2. c 7. a 3. e 8. b 4 .a 9. a 5. d 10. d SECTION: THE ATMOSPHERE Matching Multiple Choice 1. a 6. d 2. c 7. c 3. d 8. b 4. e 9. a 5. b 10. b