IWHS, Prospective McCarl, 2006 954/ Midpoints, Cohort, Incidence, vs ≥275.6 ≤153 COL40633 35 197 Seer registry FFQ 0.79 (0.65-0.97) Age distribution of Age: 55-69 colorectal cancer g/day USA 15 years person-years years, W Age, alcohol, 1 096/ Incidence, 202 vs 110 0.87 (0.68-1.11) aspirin use, beef, 130 719 colorectal g/day Ptrend:0.15 pork or lamb as 20 years cancer, women a main dish, Incidence, colon 202 vs 110 0.86 (0.65-1.13) BMI, calcium 858/ cancer, women g/day Ptrend:0.14 Self-report, intake, cereal medical record fibre, family Incidence, NHS-HPFS, 288 vs 182 1.27 (0.93-1.72) Michaud, 2005 and pathology history of colon 683/ colorectal Prospective g/day Ptrend:0.11 COL01824 report reviewed FFQ cancer, folate cancer, men Cohort, USA by centrally intake, height, M/W Incidence, colon 288 vs 182 1.21 (0.85-1.71) trained history of 552/ physician cancer, men g/day Ptrend:0.2 endoscopy, pack-years of Incidence, rectal 202 vs 110 0.91 (0.53-1.55) smoking, 238/ cancer, women g/day Ptrend:0.78 physical activity, 288 vs 182 1.45 (0.73-2.38) 131/ Men processed meat g/day Ptrend:0.34 Age, alcohol consumption, WHS, BMI, Higginbotham, Prospective 174/ adjusted 2004 Cohort, Incidence, 2.41 (1.10-5.27) 38 451 Cancer registry FFQ Q5 vs Q1 calcium, COL00299 Age: 45- colorectal cancer Ptrend:0.02 7.9 years adjusted folate, USA W, energy-adjusted nurses fat, adjusted vitamin
McCarl, 2006 COL40633 USA IWHS, Prospective Cohort, Age: 55-69 years, W 954/ 35 197 15 years Seer registry FFQ Incidence, colorectal cancer ≥275.6 vs ≤153 g/day 0.79 (0.65-0.97) Age Midpoints, distribution of person-years Michaud, 2005 COL01824 USA NHS-HPFS, Prospective Cohort, M/W 1 096/ 130 719 20 years Self-report, medical record and pathology report reviewed by centrally trained physician FFQ Incidence, colorectal cancer, women 202 vs 110 g/day 0.87 (0.68-1.11) Ptrend:0.15 Age, alcohol, aspirin use, beef, pork or lamb as a main dish, BMI, calcium intake, cereal fibre, family history of colon cancer, folate intake, height, history of endoscopy, pack-years of smoking, physical activity, processed meat 858/ Incidence, colon cancer, women 202 vs 110 g/day 0.86 (0.65-1.13) Ptrend:0.14 683/ Incidence, colorectal cancer, men 288 vs 182 g/day 1.27 (0.93-1.72) Ptrend:0.11 552/ Incidence, colon cancer, men 288 vs 182 g/day 1.21 (0.85-1.71) Ptrend:0.2 238/ Incidence, rectal cancer, women 202 vs 110 g/day 0.91 (0.53-1.55) Ptrend:0.78 131/ Men 288 vs 182 g/day 1.45 (0.73-2.38) Ptrend:0.34 Higginbotham, 2004 COL00299 USA WHS, Prospective Cohort, Age: 45- W, nurses 174/ 38 451 7.9 years Cancer registry FFQ Incidence, colorectal cancer Q5 vs Q1 2.41 (1.10-5.27) Ptrend:0.02 Age, alcohol consumption, BMI, calcium, folate, energy-adjusted fat, vitamin adjusted adjusted adjusted