Authors, year and Study design Quality Population including no. of Intervention Primary outcome measures country participants Sporner et al. Cohort Fair Veterans in wheelchair and Wheelchair basketball and Miniaturized data logger (MDL) (2009b), USA rugby tournaments of 2007 rugby (collecting activity and 2008 NVWG (n = 38) time, velocity, distance travelled and number of stops and starts) Findings: The results of this study show that the majority (>75%) of the wheelchair athletes in this study (n=14 rugby, n=16 basketball) reached the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended 20 min of activity during a wheelchair basketball or rugby game. The benefits of participating in organized sporting events and recreation have been well documented and promoting participation in wheelchair basketball and rugby may influence activity levels and help reach the CDC’s recommended activity levels. Supervised aerobic exercise Authors, year and Study design Quality Population including no. of Intervention Primary outcome measures country participants Cook et al. (2010), RCT Poor Gulf War Veterans with Maximal effort test on Ratings of Perceived Exertion USA chronic musculoskeletal pain cycle ergometer, then 7 (RPE) and Leg Muscle Pain, (CMP) (n = 32). days later sub-max (70%) Experimental Pain Testing effort for 30 minutes. Suprathreshold Pain Testing Findings: 11 GVs with CMP and 16 healthy GVs completed both days of testing. The results of the present investigation suggest that GVs suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: 1) experience higher levels of exertion whilst exercising compared to healthy GVs (13.5 vs 12.0) (p<0.05); 2) experience greater naturally occurring muscle pain during exercise compared to healthy GVs (4.7 vs 4.1) (p<0.05); and 3) become more sensitive to heat-pain stimuli following acute exercise (p>0.05). Our results, and those of others, also suggest that exercise can be developed as a unique model to understand pain-modulation mechanisms in healthy men and women and those with CMP. Authors, year and Study design Quality Population including no. of Intervention Primary outcome measures country participants
Authors, year and country Study design Quality Population including no. of participants Intervention Primary outcome measures Sporner et al. (2009b), USA Cohort Fair Veterans in wheelchair and rugby tournaments of 2007 and 2008 NVWG (n = 38) Wheelchair basketball and rugby (collecting activity time, velocity, distance travelled and number of stops and starts) Miniaturized data logger (MDL) Findings: The results of this study show that the majority (>75%) of the wheelchair athletes in this study (n=14 rugby, n=16 basketball) reached the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended 20 min of activity during a wheelchair basketball or rugby game. The benefits of participating in organized sporting events and recreation have been well documented and promoting participation in wheelchair basketball and rugby may influence activity levels and help reach the CDC’s recommended activity levels. Supervised aerobic exercise Authors, year and country Study design Quality Population including no. of participants Intervention Primary outcome measures Cook et al. (2010), USA RCT Poor Gulf War Veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) (n = 32). Maximal effort test on cycle ergometer, then 7 days later sub-max (70%) effort for 30 minutes. Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and Leg Muscle Pain, Experimental Pain Testing Suprathreshold Pain Testing Findings: 11 GVs with CMP and 16 healthy GVs completed both days of testing. The results of the present investigation suggest that GVs suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: 1) experience higher levels of exertion whilst exercising compared to healthy GVs (13.5 vs 12.0) (p<0.05); 2) experience greater naturally occurring muscle pain during exercise compared to healthy GVs (4.7 vs 4.1) (p<0.05); and 3) become more sensitive to heat-pain stimuli following acute exercise (p>0.05). Our results, and those of others, also suggest that exercise can be developed as a unique model to understand pain-modulation mechanisms in healthy men and women and those with CMP. Authors, year and country Study design Quality Population including no. of participants Intervention Primary outcome measures