50% loaded miles 0.0123 gal / ton-mile Emissions for log 55,400 kg GHGs Ecoinvent database for 40-t truck production, lorry production, maintenance maintenance [16] Lifetime ton-miles of 10 yr productive life Interviews with forest log truck 75,000 miles / yr products industry workers 45 ton loads, 50% loaded miles Total Log Truck 0.171 kg GHGS/ ton-mile GHGs / ton-mile 1.75% non-operational factors Rail transportation Diesel emissions 13.63 kg GHGs / gal GREET upstream factor production [11] + US LCI combustion [12] Rail emissions factor 0.0015 kg GHGs / ton-mile CN Railroad [17] per ton-mile Emissions for rail 2,537,000 kg GHGs Ecoinvent database for equipment production, long-distance train maintenance production, maintenance, no rail lines included [16] Lifetime ton-miles of 20,000,000 lifetime miles Assumed values rail equipment 2,000 tons loaded Total Rail 0.0345 kg GHGS/ ton-mile GHGs / ton-mile 0.17 % non-operational factors Table 2 Data and assumptions for truck and rail transportation Life Cycle Stage Fuel Energy Unit Data Source Source Intensity Transport Within Electricity 260 Btu/ton-mile DOE/NETL Exporting Countries via report[18] Pipeline Ocean Transport To Heavy 5.5 Btu/bbl-nautical Domestic Ports via Tanker Fuel Oil mile Domestic Transport via Electricity 12,997 Btu HHV/bbl Pipeline Table 3 Energy Intensity of Crude Oil Mix Supply Chain Life Cycle Stage Emissions (kg/bbl crude oil) Data Source
50% loaded miles 0.0123 gal / ton-mile Emissions for log truck production, maintenance 55,400 kg GHGs Ecoinvent database for 40-t lorry production, maintenance [16] Lifetime ton-miles of log truck 10 yr productive life 75,000 miles / yr 45 ton loads, 50% loaded miles Interviews with forest products industry workers Total Log Truck GHGs / ton-mile 0.171 kg GHGS/ ton-mile 1.75% non-operational factors Rail transportation Diesel emissions factor 13.63 kg GHGs / gal GREET upstream production [11] + US LCI combustion [12] Rail emissions factor per ton-mile 0.0015 kg GHGs / ton-mile CN Railroad [17] Emissions for rail equipment production, maintenance 2,537,000 kg GHGs Ecoinvent database for long-distance train production, maintenance, no rail lines included [16] Lifetime ton-miles of rail equipment 20,000,000 lifetime miles 2,000 tons loaded Assumed values Total Rail GHGs / ton-mile 0.0345 kg GHGS/ ton-mile 0.17 % non-operational factors Table 2 Data and assumptions for truck and rail transportation Life Cycle Stage Fuel Source Energy Intensity Unit Data Source Transport Within Exporting Countries via Pipeline Electricity 260 Btu/ton-mile DOE/NETL report[18] Ocean Transport To Domestic Ports via Tanker Heavy Fuel Oil 5.5 Btu/bbl-nautical mile Domestic Transport via Pipeline Electricity 12,997 Btu HHV/bbl Table 3 Energy Intensity of Crude Oil Mix Supply Chain Life Cycle Stage Emissions (kg/bbl crude oil) Data Source