As needed Ketamine- 35-40 mg/kg + May not produce surgical-plane anesthesia Xylazine- 3-5mg/kg + for major procedures. If redosing, use Acepromazine 0.75-1.0 mg/kg ketamine alone. May be partially reversed IM or SC (in with Atipamezole or Yohimbine. Note that same syringe) IM Ketamine combinations often sting upon injection. Ketamine- 35-50 mg/kg + As needed May not produce surgical-plane anesthesia Midazolam mg/kg IM or for major procedures, but may be useful for ˜2 SC (in same restraint. Note that IM Ketamine syringe) combinations often sting upon injection. Reversal agents Atipamezole 0.1-1.0 mg/kg Any time More specific for medetomidine than for subcutaneous medetomidine or xylazine (as a general rule, Atipamezole is or IP xylazine has been at the same volume as Medetomidine, used though they are manufactured at different concentrations). Yohimbine 0.2 mg/kg For reversal of ˜ IV or SC xylazine effects Other injectable anesthetics Sodium 20-60 mg/kg Recommended for Consider supplemental analgesia (opioid or pentobarbital IV NSAID) for invasive procedures. Apnea is (Nembutal) procedures only, common at anesthetic doses. with booster doses as needed Propofol 12-26 mg/kg As needed Only useful IV, so therefore limited IV usefulness. Respiratory depression upon induction is possible.
Ketamine- Xylazine- Acepromazine 35-40 mg/kg + 3-5mg/kg + 0.75-1.0 mg/kg IM or SC (in same syringe) As needed May not produce surgical-plane anesthesia for major procedures. If redosing, use ketamine alone. May be partially reversed with Atipamezole or Yohimbine. Note that IM Ketamine combinations often sting upon injection. Ketamine- Midazolam 35-50 mg/kg + ˜2 mg/kg IM or SC (in same syringe) As needed May not produce surgical-plane anesthesia for major procedures, but may be useful for restraint. Note that IM Ketamine combinations often sting upon injection. Reversal agents Atipamezole 0.1-1.0 mg/kg subcutaneous or IP Any time medetomidine or xylazine has been used More specific for medetomidine than for xylazine (as a general rule, Atipamezole is at the same volume as Medetomidine, though they are manufactured at different concentrations). Yohimbine ˜ 0.2 mg/kg IV or SC For reversal of xylazine effects Other injectable anesthetics Sodium pentobarbital (Nembutal) 20-60 mg/kg IV Recommended for procedures only, with booster doses as needed Consider supplemental analgesia (opioid or NSAID) for invasive procedures. Apnea is common at anesthetic doses. Propofol 12-26 mg/kg IV As needed Only useful IV, so therefore limited usefulness. Respiratory depression upon induction is possible.