Prospective, of subgroups Schettino 2005(22) USA ED, ICU observational, Any 131 Yes 74.2-78.4 single center Prospective, Any, Schortgen 2012(23)d France ICU observational, 39 86 (83-89) Not reported y ≥80 multicenter Prospective, United Sinha 2012(24) Ward observational, Any 18 76.7 (53-88) No Kingdom single center Prospective, Soler Barnes 2011(25) Spain ICU observational, Any 658 Not reported Not reported single center Retrospective, Tabernero 2016(26) Spain Ward observational, Any 102 81.2 (7) Yes single center Prospective, Ozsancak Ugurlu ED,ICU, Means of subgroups USA observational, Any 97 Not reported 2016(27) ward 37, 57, 72, 85a multicenter Prospective, Any, Vargas 2014(28) Italy Ward observational, 20 81.2 (9.3) Yes (geriatric) single center Prospective, Vilaca 2016(29) Portugal ED observational, Any 41b 82 (75-87) No single center Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; DNI, do-not-intubate; ED, emergency department; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICU, intensive care unit; RCU, respiratory care unit; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; USA, United States of America; EMS, emergency medical services (prehospital); RCT, randomized controlled trial. a Values are for patients with DNI and full-code orders combined. b Comfort-measures-only patients who received palliative NIV are excluded. c Only part of the cohort who received NIV is included in the analysis. d Only part of the whole cohort for whom DNI mortality outcomes were reported is included in the analysis.
Schettino 2005(22) USA ED, ICU Prospective, observational, single center Any 131 of subgroups 74.2-78.4 Yes Schortgen 2012(23)d France ICU Prospective, observational, multicenter Any, ≥80 y 39 86 (83-89) Not reported Sinha 2012(24) United Kingdom Ward Prospective, observational, single center Any 18 76.7 (53-88) No Soler Barnes 2011(25) Spain ICU Prospective, observational, single center Any 658 Not reported Not reported Tabernero 2016(26) Spain Ward Retrospective, observational, single center Any 102 81.2 (7) Yes Ozsancak Ugurlu 2016(27) USA ED,ICU, ward Prospective, observational, multicenter Any 97 Means of subgroups 37, 57, 72, 85a Not reported Vargas 2014(28) Italy Ward Prospective, observational, single center Any, (geriatric) 20 81.2 (9.3) Yes Vilaca 2016(29) Portugal ED Prospective, observational, single center Any 41b 82 (75-87) No Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; DNI, do-not-intubate; ED, emergency department; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICU, intensive care unit; RCU, respiratory care unit; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; USA, United States of America; EMS, emergency medical services (prehospital); RCT, randomized controlled trial. a Values are for patients with DNI and full-code orders combined. b Comfort-measures-only patients who received palliative NIV are excluded. c Only part of the cohort who received NIV is included in the analysis. d Only part of the whole cohort for whom DNI mortality outcomes were reported is included in the analysis.