product of interest in the coconut industry, remain lower compared to those produced through dry processing. Attempts have been made to improve yields, including the use of commercial enzymes to help in degrading the endosperm (Freitas & Coelho, 2003; Man, Suhardiyono, & Asbi, 1996; Raghavendra & Raghavarao, 2010; Raghavendra & Raghavarao, 2011; Tano-Debrah & Ohta, 1997). However, there are many other technical aspects to overcome, such as emulsion breakage, before oil can be recovered. Table 2. Summary of adult protein, energy and indispensable amino acids requirements (WHO, 1985; WHO, 2007) 2007 1985 Moderate activities Present estimates FAO/WHO/UNU mg/kg a mg/g b mg/kg a mg/g b Males Females per day protein per day protein Energy (kJ/kg per day ) 175 148 Protein (g/kg per day) 0.66 0.66 Histidine 10 15 8-12 15 Isoleucine 20 30 10 15 Leucine 39 59 14 21 Lysine 30 45 12 18 Methionine + cysteine 15 22 13 20 Methionine 10 16 - - Cysteine 4 6 - - Phenylalanine + tyrosine 25 38 14 21 Threonine 15 23 7 11 Tryptophan 4 6 3.5 5 Valine 26 39 10 15 Total indispensable amino acids 184 277 93.5 141 a mg/kg body weight; b mean nitrogen requirement of 107 mg nitrogen per day (0.66 g protein/kg per day)
product of interest in the coconut industry, remain lower compared to those produced through dry processing. Attempts have been made to improve yields, including the use of commercial enzymes to help in degrading the endosperm (Freitas & Coelho, 2003; Man, Suhardiyono, & Asbi, 1996; Raghavendra & Raghavarao, 2010; Raghavendra & Raghavarao, 2011; Tano-Debrah & Ohta, 1997). However, there are many other technical aspects to overcome, such as emulsion breakage, before oil can be recovered. Table 2. Summary of adult protein, energy and indispensable amino acids requirements (WHO, 1985; WHO, 2007) Moderate activities 2007 Present estimates 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU Males Females mg/kg a per day mg/g b protein mg/kg a per day mg/g b protein Energy (kJ/kg per day ) Protein (g/kg per day) Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine + cysteine Methionine Cysteine Phenylalanine + tyrosine Threonine Tryptophan Valine Total indispensable amino acids 175 0.66 148 0.66 10 20 39 30 15 10 4 25 15 4 26 184 15 30 59 45 22 16 6 38 23 6 39 277 8-12 10 14 12 13 - - 14 7 3.5 10 93.5 15 15 21 18 20 - - 21 11 5 15 141 a mg/kg body weight; b mean nitrogen requirement of 107 mg nitrogen per day (0.66 g protein/kg per day)