4.1.1.4 Energy is stored inside a Describe how heating a 1 What is the difference between the behaviour of system by the particles system will change the heat and temperature? Use atoms within a solid as it (atoms and molecules) energy stored within the images of William Lord Kelvin, is heated past its that make up the system and raise its Daniel Fahrenheit, Anders melting point. You can system. This is called temperature or produce Celsius and James Prescott use the tray of internal energy. changes of state. Joule to generate discussion. balls or the kinetic theory apparatus if The amount of energy Describe how, when Discussion question: Why can available. Critically needed to change state substances melt, freeze, burns from steam be more analyse the model and from solid to liquid and evaporate, condense or serious than burns from boiling suggest improvements from liquid to gas sublimate, mass is water? to it. depends on the strength conserved but that these What effect does increasing of the forces between physical changes differ Pupils predict how water the temperature of an object the particles of the from chemical changes changes state over time have on the atoms that make substance. The nature because the material with increasing up the object? of the particles involved recovers its original temperature by Describe temperature as a depends on the type of properties if the change is sketching a line graph. measure of the average kinetic bonding and the reversed. Investigate the heating energy of the particles in a structure of the curve for water by substance. substance. The stronger heating some ice in a the forces between the Describe and explain how beaker until the water particles the higher the increasing the temperature of evaporates. Use melting point and boiling a substance affects the temperature point of the substance. internal energy of a substance. sensors/data loggers to record the temperature Explain how the strength of the at fixed intervals, eg 30 bonds between the particles seconds. A graph can will affect how much energy is be plotted of
4.1.1.4 Energy is stored inside a system by the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up the system. This is called internal energy. The amount of energy needed to change state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas depends on the strength of the forces between the particles of the substance. The nature of the particles involved depends on the type of bonding and the structure of the substance. The stronger the forces between the particles the higher the melting point and boiling point of the substance. Describe how heating a system will change the energy stored within the system and raise its temperature or produce changes of state. Describe how, when substances melt, freeze, evaporate, condense or sublimate, mass is conserved but that these physical changes differ from chemical changes because the material recovers its original properties if the change is reversed. 1 What is the difference between heat and temperature? Use images of William Lord Kelvin, Daniel Fahrenheit, Anders Celsius and James Prescott Joule to generate discussion. Discussion question: Why can burns from steam be more serious than burns from boiling water? What effect does increasing the temperature of an object have on the atoms that make up the object? Describe temperature as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Describe and explain how increasing the temperature of a substance affects the internal energy of a substance. Explain how the strength of the bonds between the particles will affect how much energy is the behaviour of atoms within a solid as it is heated past its melting point. You can use the tray of balls or the kinetic theory apparatus if available. Critically analyse the model and suggest improvements to it. Pupils predict how water changes state over time with increasing temperature by sketching a line graph. Investigate the heating curve for water by heating some ice in a beaker until the water evaporates. Use temperature sensors/data loggers to record the temperature at fixed intervals, eg 30 seconds. A graph can be plotted of