HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION OF TRAITS Develop and use a to describe why structural changes to genes (mutations) located on chromosomes may Performance Expectation affect proteins and may result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the organism. Emphasis is on conceptual understanding that changes in genetic material may result in making different Clarification Statement proteins. Examples include radiation treated plants, genetically modified organisms (e.g. roundup resistant crops, bioluminescence), or mutations both harmful and beneficial. Science & Engineering Practices Disciplinary Core Ideas Crosscutting Concepts 1. Asking questions and defining problems INHERITANCE OF TRAITS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Genes are located in the chromosomes of cells, with Complex and microscopic structures and systems 2. Developing and using models: Modeling in 6-8 each chromosome pair containing two variants can be visualized, modeled, and used to describe builds on K-5 experiences and progresses to (alleles) of each of many distinct genes. Each distinct how their function depends on the shapes, developing, using, and revising models to describe, gene chiefly controls the production of specific composition, and relationships among its parts; test, and predict more abstract phenomena and proteins, which in turn affects the traits of the therefore, complex natural and designed design systems. individual. (MS.LS3A.a) structures/systems can be analyzed to determine Develop and/or use a to predict and/or how they function. Changes (mutations) to genes can result in changes describe phenomena. to proteins, which can affect the structures and Planning and carrying out investigations functions of the organism and thereby change traits. (MS.LS3A.b) Analyzing and interpreting data Using mathematics and computational thinking VARIATION OF TRAITS In addition to variations that arise from sexual Constructing explanations and designing solutions reproduction, genetic information can be altered Engaging in argument from evidence because of mutations. Though rare, mutations may Obtaining, evaluating, and result in changes to the structure and function of communicating information proteins. Some changes are beneficial, others harmful, and some neutral to the organism. (MS.LS3B.b) Diocese of Baton Rouge Science Standards: Grade 8 July, 2017 Page 15
HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION OF TRAITS Performance Expectation Develop and use a to describe why structural changes to genes (mutations) located on chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the organism. Clarification Statement Emphasis is on conceptual understanding that changes in genetic material may result in making different proteins. Examples include radiation treated plants, genetically modified organisms (e.g. roundup resistant crops, bioluminescence), or mutations both harmful and beneficial. Science & Engineering Practices Disciplinary Core Ideas Crosscutting Concepts 1. Asking questions and defining problems 2. Developing and using models: Modeling in 6-8 builds on K-5 experiences and progresses to developing, using, and revising models to describe, test, and predict more abstract phenomena and design systems. Develop and/or use a to predict and/or describe phenomena. Planning and carrying out investigations Analyzing and interpreting data Using mathematics and computational thinking Constructing explanations and designing solutions Engaging in argument from evidence Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information INHERITANCE OF TRAITS Genes are located in the chromosomes of cells, with each chromosome pair containing two variants (alleles) of each of many distinct genes. Each distinct gene chiefly controls the production of specific proteins, which in turn affects the traits of the individual. (MS.LS3A.a) Changes (mutations) to genes can result in changes to proteins, which can affect the structures and functions of the organism and thereby change traits. (MS.LS3A.b) VARIATION OF TRAITS In addition to variations that arise from sexual reproduction, genetic information can be altered because of mutations. Though rare, mutations may result in changes to the structure and function of proteins. Some changes are beneficial, others harmful, and some neutral to the organism. (MS.LS3B.b) STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Complex and microscopic structures and systems can be visualized, modeled, and used to describe how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts; therefore, complex natural and designed structures/systems can be analyzed to determine how they function. Diocese of Baton Rouge Science Standards: Grade 8 July, 2017 Page 15