diabetes, history of polyp diagnosis, HRT use, drug use, pack yrs of smoking, vigorous physical activity, vitamin d Distribution of 6 444/ Incidence, vs ≥4 ≤1 Age, sex, by 2 248 129 1.23 (1.13-1.35) Korean Cohort colorectal cancer alcohol exposure 7 years Study, consumption, category. Mid- Kim, 2011 Prospective vs ≥4 ≤1 BMI, family of 4 501/ Men 1.13 (1.02-1.26) COL40942 Cohort, Cancer registry Questionnaire history of exposure Age: 30-80 cancer, physical categories. years, activity, Conversion from vs ≥4 ≤1 M/W 1 943/ Women 1.42 (1.21-1.66) smoking times/week to times/week g/day Sex, age at Used for colon 2 794/ Incidence, colon 1.49 vs 0.18 1.46 (1.26, 1.69) baseline, alcohol and rectal cancer 292 797 cancer times/day NIH-AARP, consumption, instead of Cross, Prospective aspirin use, 2010 because it Ruder, 2011 Cancer registry Cohort, BMI, has higher COL40896 and national FFQ Age: 50-71 educational number of cases. 1.49 vs 0.18 USA health database 985 Rectal cancer 1.24 (0.97, years, level, energy, Distribution of Retired energy, history person-years by of colon cancer, exposure HRT use, category. Mid-
diabetes, history of polyp diagnosis, HRT use, drug use, pack yrs of smoking, vigorous physical activity, vitamin d Kim, 2011 COL40942 Korean Cohort Study, Prospective Cohort, Age: 30-80 years, M/W 6 444/ 2 248 129 7 years Cancer registry Questionnaire Incidence, colorectal cancer ≥4 vs ≤1 1.23 (1.13-1.35) Age, sex, alcohol consumption, BMI, family history of cancer, physical activity, smoking Distribution of by exposure category. of exposure categories. Conversion from times/week to g/day 4 501/ Men ≥4 vs ≤1 1.13 (1.02-1.26) 1 943/ Women ≥4 vs ≤1 times/week 1.42 (1.21-1.66) Ruder, 2011 COL40896 USA NIH-AARP, Prospective Cohort, Age: 50-71 years, Retired 2 794/ 292 797 Cancer registry and national health database FFQ Incidence, colon cancer 1.49 vs 0.18 times/day 1.46 (1.26, 1.69) Sex, age at baseline, alcohol consumption, aspirin use, BMI, educational level, energy, energy, history of colon cancer, HRT use, Used for colon and rectal cancer instead of Cross, 2010 because it has higher number of cases. Distribution of person-years by exposure category. 985 Rectal cancer 1.49 vs 0.18 1.24 (0.97, Mid- Mid-