a crop is exposed to prolonged weed competition during this critical period it is not usually able to recover sufficiently to give a good yield. Stem borers Caterpillars Caterpillars Rice stem borering caterpillars Use resistant and early-maturing varieties. Improved semi-dwarf varieties are generally more Use natural (Chilo resistant to stem borers than the tall traditional ones. extracts of zacconius, Chilo Transplant & grow healthy rice seedlings and plants. partellus, Maliarpha Pink borer (EAU DE separatella); Harvest at the very base of the plants, or plow stubble under and flood. (Sesamia (very NEEM) and chili calamistis) Early/synchronized planting & water management. significant) peppers. Fly Larvae Stem boring fly Use resistant varieties. Fly larvae larvae/maggots, Stalk-eyed Remove and dispose of dead-heart plants Farmers can use shoot fly spp.). (Diopsis insecticides containing pyrethroids like (PULSAR 5 EC or TIANLITHRIN 5% EC) or (EAU DE NEEM)-based materials. June and May beetle white Soil solarization and tillage. A preventive grub larvae, seed/soil treatment Light trapping of adults. Phyllophaga species (significant) with thiamethoxam Ensure good soil drainage. (THIARA 250 Inter-planting with alliums (onions, garlic). WG) or Do crop rotation with a pulse, mustard or chiocory. imidacloprid Sanitation: Remove crop residues after harvest. (GAUCHO 70 Do of the soil by growing, grinding/macerating and plowing under crucifers, “biofumigation” WS) (but only and covering the soil with plastic until just before planting bean crops. Rotting crucifers when plants are in produce toxic gasses that kill nematodes, and covering with plastic increases efficacy. vegetative state,
a crop is exposed to prolonged weed competition during this critical period it is not usually able to recover sufficiently to give a good yield. Stem borers Rice stem borering caterpillars (Chilo zacconius, Chilo partellus, Maliarpha separatella); Pink borer (Sesamia calamistis) (very significant) Stem boring fly larvae/maggots, Stalk-eyed shoot fly (Diopsis spp.). Caterpillars Use resistant and early-maturing varieties. Improved semi-dwarf varieties are generally more resistant to stem borers than the tall traditional ones. Transplant & grow healthy rice seedlings and plants. Harvest at the very base of the plants, or plow stubble under and flood. Early/synchronized planting & water management. Fly Larvae Use resistant varieties. Remove and dispose of dead-heart plants Caterpillars Use natural extracts of (EAU DE NEEM) and chili peppers. Fly larvae Farmers can use insecticides containing pyrethroids like (PULSAR 5 EC or TIANLITHRIN 5% EC) or (EAU DE NEEM)-based materials. June and May beetle white grub larvae, Phyllophaga species (significant) Soil solarization and tillage. Light trapping of adults. Ensure good soil drainage. Inter-planting with alliums (onions, garlic). Do crop rotation with a pulse, mustard or chiocory. Sanitation: Remove crop residues after harvest. Do “biofumigation” of the soil by growing, grinding/macerating and plowing under crucifers, and covering the soil with plastic until just before planting bean crops. Rotting crucifers produce toxic gasses that kill nematodes, and covering with plastic increases efficacy. A preventive seed/soil treatment with thiamethoxam (THIARA 250 WG) or imidacloprid (GAUCHO 70 WS) (but only when plants are in vegetative state,