approach to theorists epistemological issues (who wrote it? approaches behaviour what evidence is there for the theory? management In which country is it applicable? Which age ranges? What is the date? Etc.). Behaviourist Also known as Pavlov me a dozen healthy infants, Behaviourist v cognitivist “Give behavioural Skinner and my own specified world to Biological Psychology has emphasized psychology. Watson bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to the power the brain and genetics play in Behaviourism is a Thorndike take any one at random and train him to determining and influencing human theory of learning become any type of specialist I might actions. The cognitive approach to based on the idea select regardless of his talents, psychology focuses on mental processes … that all behaviours penchants, tendencies, abilities, such as thinking, decision-making, are acquired through vocations, and race of his ancestors” language, and problem-solving. In both conditioning. (Watson, J.B. (1924) Behaviourism. New cases, behaviourism neglects these Conditioning occurs Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p.104) processes and influences in favor of through interaction Watson is seen as the of studying just observable behaviours. ‘Father’ with the behaviourism and what he says can be environment. They identified as true through the believe that our experiments of albert’ (Watson and ‘little responses to Rayner, 1920) and Pavlov’s Dog environmental stimuli (circa.1890’s). shape our actions. Cognitivist A broad theory that Piaget (1936) theory of cognitive “Piaget’s explains thinking and Chomsky development explains how a child differing mental Bruner constructs a mental model of the world. processes and how McLaughlin He disagreed with the idea that they are influenced Gagne intelligence was a fixed state, and by the internal and regarded cognitive development as a external factors in process which occurs due to biological order to produce maturation and interaction with the learning in environment.” (Saul McLeod, individuals. 2015, [www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html]). Bruner and Vygotsky: Language was more important for cognition development than Piaget implied.
approach to behaviour management theorists epistemological issues (who wrote it? what evidence is there for the theory? In which country is it applicable? Which age ranges? What is the date? Etc.). approaches Behaviourist Also known as behavioural psychology. Behaviourism is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. They believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our actions. Pavlov Skinner Watson Thorndike “Give me a dozen healthy infants, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select … regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors” (Watson, J.B. (1924) Behaviourism. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p.104) Watson is seen as the ‘Father’ of behaviourism and what he says can be identified as true through the experiments of ‘little albert’ (Watson and Rayner, 1920) and Pavlov’s Dog (circa.1890’s). Behaviourist v cognitivist Biological Psychology has emphasized the power the brain and genetics play in determining and influencing human actions. The cognitive approach to psychology focuses on mental processes such as thinking, decision-making, language, and problem-solving. In both cases, behaviourism neglects these processes and influences in favor of studying just observable behaviours. Cognitivist A broad theory that explains thinking and differing mental processes and how they are influenced by the internal and external factors in order to produce learning in individuals. Piaget Chomsky Bruner McLaughlin Gagne “Piaget’s (1936) theory of cognitive development explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world. He disagreed with the idea that intelligence was a fixed state, and regarded cognitive development as a process which occurs due to biological maturation and interaction with the environment.” (Saul McLeod, 2015, [www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html]). Bruner and Vygotsky: Language was more important for cognition development than Piaget implied.