1882 The , founded by Presbyterian minister , establishes the colony of Monrovia (which would eventually become the country of ) in western Africa. The society contends that the immigration of blacks to Africa is an answer to the problem of slavery as well as to what it feels is the incompatibility of the races. Over the course of the next forty years, about 12,000 slaves are voluntarily relocated. 1896 : This landmark Supreme Court decision holds that racial segregation is constitutional, paving the way for the repressive laws in the South. 1905 founds the Niagara movement, a forerunner to the NAACP. The movement is formed in part as a protest to policy of accommodation to white society; the Niagara movement embraces a more radical approach, calling for immediate equality in all areas of American life. 1909 W.E.B. Du Bois The is founded in New York by prominent black and white intellectuals and led by . For the next half century, it would serve as the country's most influential African-American civil rights organization, dedicated to political equality and social justice. 1914 establishes the Universal Negro Improvement Association, an influential black nationalist organization "to promote the spirit of race pride" and create a sense of worldwide unity among blacks.
1882 The , founded by Presbyterian minister , establishes the colony of Monrovia (which would eventually become the country of ) in western Africa. The society contends that the immigration of blacks to Africa is an answer to the problem of slavery as well as to what it feels is the incompatibility of the races. Over the course of the next forty years, about 12,000 slaves are voluntarily relocated. 1896 : This landmark Supreme Court decision holds that racial segregation is constitutional, paving the way for the repressive laws in the South. 1905 founds the Niagara movement, a forerunner to the NAACP. The movement is formed in part as a protest to policy of accommodation to white society; the Niagara movement embraces a more radical approach, calling for immediate equality in all areas of American life. 1909 W.E.B. Du Bois The is founded in New York by prominent black and white intellectuals and led by . For the next half century, it would serve as the country's most influential African-American civil rights organization, dedicated to political equality and social justice. 1914 establishes the Universal Negro Improvement Association, an influential black nationalist organization "to promote the spirit of race pride" and create a sense of worldwide unity among blacks.