(18.1769, = 0.2868, p < 0.0001) as is by the differences between local Z. abyssinicus RCT populations of the highland species (19.3574, = 0.3958, p < 0.0001; Z. poliogaster RST 0.9625). When applying AMOVA to the Structure results we found that much of the total genetic variance is explained by the divergence among the four clusters (24.8257, = RCT 0.4426, p < 0.0001). We detected a weak, but significant genetic differentiation among the neighbouring populations analysed for the Taita Hills (including the forest Z. poliogaster patches Ngangao, Chawia, and Mbololo, the latter one separated only by a valley). No significant genetic differentiation could be detected between the two Z. abyssinicus populations (-1.3293, = -0.0085, p > 0.05). The detailed results are given in Table 3, RST respective values obtained from are given in Appendix S2. F-statistics We detected low migration rates among the mountain populations of but some Z. poliogaster, gene flow within single mountain massifs, like in the Chyulu Hills (from Satellite to Simba Valley, 18.5%) and within the Taita Hills (from Mbololo to Ngangao, 30.8%). The population from Mt. Kasigau (about 50 km south of the other Taita Hills populations (Chawia, Ngangao seemed to have received a relatively large proportion of its gene pool from the and Mbololo)) Mbololo site of the Taita Hills (27.9%), which is in line with the results obtained from Structure analyses and our AMOVA calculations. Gene flow estimates between the two Z. populations was high (from Kibwezi to Nyiru, 27.4%) despite the large abyssinicus geographic distance (> 600 km). No interspecific gene flow was detected between Z. and A Mantel test showed that the genetic distance (based on abyssinicus Z. poliogaster. Cavallis-Sofrza & Edwards (1967) algorithm) is not significantly correlated with the geographic distance (no isolation by distance). Bioacoustics
Z. abyssinicus (18.1769, RCT = 0.2868, p < 0.0001) as is by the differences between local populations of the highland species Z. poliogaster (19.3574, RST = 0.3958, p < 0.0001; 0.9625). When applying AMOVA to the Structure results we found that much of the total genetic variance is explained by the divergence among the four clusters (24.8257, RCT = 0.4426, p < 0.0001). We detected a weak, but significant genetic differentiation among the neighbouring Z. poliogaster populations analysed for the Taita Hills (including the forest patches Ngangao, Chawia, and Mbololo, the latter one separated only by a valley). No significant genetic differentiation could be detected between the two Z. abyssinicus populations (-1.3293, RST = -0.0085, p > 0.05). The detailed results are given in Table 3, respective values obtained from F-statistics are given in Appendix S2. We detected low migration rates among the mountain populations of Z. poliogaster, but some gene flow within single mountain massifs, like in the Chyulu Hills (from Satellite to Simba Valley, 18.5%) and within the Taita Hills (from Mbololo to Ngangao, 30.8%). The population from Mt. Kasigau (about 50 km south of the other Taita Hills populations (Chawia, Ngangao and Mbololo)) seemed to have received a relatively large proportion of its gene pool from the Mbololo site of the Taita Hills (27.9%), which is in line with the results obtained from Structure analyses and our AMOVA calculations. Gene flow estimates between the two Z. abyssinicus populations was high (from Kibwezi to Nyiru, 27.4%) despite the large geographic distance (> 600 km). No interspecific gene flow was detected between Z. abyssinicus and Z. poliogaster. A Mantel test showed that the genetic distance (based on Cavallis-Sofrza & Edwards (1967) algorithm) is not significantly correlated with the geographic distance (no isolation by distance). Bioacoustics