saccharin ingestion with also produce a taste injections of aversion in humans. physostigmine. In the Based on this literature years that followed, both demonstrating learned radiation- and taste with animals, it is conditioned taste not at all surprising that aversions were simoai aversions have subsequently been conditioned with demonstrated under a human radiotherapy and variety of conditions and chemotherapy patients. with a broad number of Bernstein first reported drugs [see Barker et al. (50) a demonstration of (47) and Riley and Tuck learned taste (48) for comprehensive reviews]. Taste aversions seem to be easier to condition when novel tastants are used rather than familiar ones. O MN3L*.STINE A learned aversion SAUNE • can be readily conditioned in laboratory rats using the chemotherapy drug, vinblastine. In unpublished research in our laboratory, we have DAY shown that a single FIG. 8. Rat saccharin presentation of saccharin preference scores from solution for 10 min two-bottie are followed by a vinblastine shown for 13 days following injection results in a a single pairing of saccharin solution with vinblastine subsequent saccharine (open circles) or saline taste aversion that lasts (closed circles). It can be for at least 2 weeks. Rats seen that an aversion to the given a saccharin pairing saccharin solution can be with a control saline conditioned following a injection show no single pairing of the taste of aversion to the saccharin saccharin with vinblastine injection. over the same time aversions in children period (see Fig. 8). It has also been shown receiving chemotherapy. that taste aversions in Children that received a rats can be conditioned distinctive tasting ice cream with radiation exposure prior to chemotherapy when the saccharin taste avoided this flavor in is presented by subsequent tests. This study intravascular injection was followed by a series of rather than directly into the oral cavity (49). Thus, investigations where she bitter chemotherapeutic demonstrated similar drugs injected into the aversions in human adults vascular system might (51—54). Other
saccharin ingestion with injections of physostigmine. In the years that followed, both radiation- and conditioned taste aversions were subsequently demonstrated under a variety of conditions and with a broad number of drugs [see Barker et al. (47) and Riley and Tuck (48) for comprehensive reviews]. Taste aversions seem to be easier to condition when novel tastants are used rather than familiar ones. A learned aversion can be readily conditioned in laboratory rats using the chemotherapy drug, vinblastine. In unpublished research in our laboratory, we have shown that a single presentation of saccharin solution for 10 min followed by a vinblastine injection results in a subsequent saccharine taste aversion that lasts for at least 2 weeks. Rats given a saccharin pairing with a control saline injection show no aversion to the saccharin over the same time period (see Fig. 8). It has also been shown that taste aversions in rats can be conditioned with radiation exposure when the saccharin taste is presented by intravascular injection rather than directly into the oral cavity (49). Thus, bitter chemotherapeutic drugs injected into the vascular system might also produce a taste aversion in humans. Based on this literature demonstrating learned taste with animals, it is not at all surprising that simoai aversions have been conditioned with human radiotherapy and chemotherapy patients. Bernstein first reported (50) a demonstration of learned taste O MN3L*.STINE • SAUNE DAY FIG. 8. Rat saccharin preference scores from two-bottie are shown for 13 days following a single pairing of saccharin solution with vinblastine (open circles) or saline (closed circles). It can be seen that an aversion to the saccharin solution can be conditioned following a single pairing of the taste of saccharin with vinblastine injection. aversions in children receiving chemotherapy. Children that received a distinctive tasting ice cream prior to chemotherapy avoided this flavor in subsequent tests. This study was followed by a series of investigations where she demonstrated similar aversions in human adults (51—54). Other