and input/output analysis, productivity method, stated preference methods Number and proportion of visitors Direct use value Avoided costs of physical inactivity High Medium physical exercise; Number and proportion attributable to activity in parks of parks visitors undertaking relaxation activities Mental health metrics High Low Landscape and neighbourhood Number of neighbouring properties, Indirect use value Benefit transfer (hedonic High Medium approach amenity average distance to parks or transfer of hedonic functions) Scientific research and education Number of participants in educational Direct use Productivity method Medium Low experiences in parks Number of research programs in parks Direct use value Productivity method High Low Cultural and spiritual connection Area of and co-managed land with Direct use value Productivity method High Low Traditional Owners; social capital measures Community demand for heritage Non-use value Benefit transfer (willingness Medium Medium to pay for conservation heritage conservation) Social cohesion and sense of place Number of volunteer equivalent FTEs Direct use value Shadow price of volunteering time; High Low other social capital metrics Species existence Significance and representation of rare Non-use Stated preference methods: willingness High Low and threatened species in parks to pay for species existence Insurance Condition of park ecosystems Option value (use Stated preference methods: willingness Medium Low value) and altruism to pay for biodiversity and ecosystem and bequest values resilience (non-use values) The approach to valuation column includes either the approach used for this study or the approach generally used to value the benefits of the service (in italics)
and input/output analysis, productivity method, stated preference methods Number and proportion of visitors physical exercise; Number and proportion of parks visitors undertaking relaxation activities Direct use value Avoided costs of physical inactivity attributable to activity in parks Mental health metrics High High Medium Low Landscape and neighbourhood amenity Number of neighbouring properties, average distance to parks Indirect use value Benefit transfer (hedonic approach or transfer of hedonic functions) High Medium Scientific research and education Number of participants in educational experiences in parks Direct use Productivity method Medium Low Number of research programs in parks Direct use value Productivity method High Low Cultural and spiritual connection Area of and co-managed land with Traditional Owners; social capital measures Direct use value Productivity method High Low Community demand for heritage conservation Non-use value Benefit transfer (willingness to pay for heritage conservation) Medium Medium Social cohesion and sense of place Number of volunteer equivalent FTEs Direct use value Shadow price of volunteering time; other social capital metrics High Low Species existence Significance and representation of rare and threatened species in parks Non-use Stated preference methods: willingness to pay for species existence High Low Insurance Condition of park ecosystems Option value (use value) and altruism and bequest values (non-use values) Stated preference methods: willingness to pay for biodiversity and ecosystem resilience Medium Low The approach to valuation column includes either the approach used for this study or the approach generally used to value the benefits of the service (in italics)