CH2 O O C17H35 – – – CH O O C17H35 3 C17H35COOH + C3H8 (9) – – – CH2 O O C17H35 – – – CH2 O O C19H39 – – – CH O O C19H39 3 C19H39COOH + C3H8 (10) – – – CH2 O O C19H39 – – – CH2 O O C21H43 – – – CH O O C21H43 3 C21H43COOH + C3H8 (11) – – – CH2 O O C21H43 – – – The oxygen in the fatty acid molecules is removed either by hydrodeoxygenation reaction which produces H2O and paraffin chain through the addition of nine moles of hydrogen, or by decarboxylation action which produces a paraffin chain and COx (Kalnes et al., 2010; Pearlson et al., 2013; Wang & Tao, 2016). Decarboxylation catalyst is shown in reactions (12)-(15): 3 C15H31COOH 3 C15H32 + 3 CO2 (12) 3 C17H35COOH 3 C17H36 + 3 CO2 (13) 3 C19H39COOH 3 C19H40 + 3 CO2 (14) 3 C21H43COOH 3 C21H44 + 3 CO2 (15) Decarbonylation will have reactions (12)-(15) plus (16): CO2 + 1 H2 = 1 CO + 1 H2O (16) Deoxygenation under catalyst is presented in reactions (17)-(20): 3 C15H31COOH 3C16H34 + 6H2O (17) 3 C17H35COOH 3C18H38 + 6H2O (18) 3 C19H39COOH 3C20H42 + 6H2O (19) 3 C21H43COOH 3C22H46 + 6H2O (20) The subsequent reaction stoichiometry in the Hydrodeoxygenation reactor (from a combination of the above reactions from unsaturated triglycerides to saturated ones, propane
CH2 – O – O – C17H35 CH – O – O – C17H35 3 C17H35COOH + C3H8 (9) CH2 – O – O – C17H35 CH2 – O – O – C19H39 CH – O – O – C19H39 3 C19H39COOH + C3H8 (10) CH2 – O – O – C19H39 CH2 – O – O – C21H43 CH – O – O – C21H43 3 C21H43COOH + C3H8 (11) CH2 – O – O – C21H43 The oxygen in the fatty acid molecules is removed either by hydrodeoxygenation reaction which produces H2O and paraffin chain through the addition of nine moles of hydrogen, or by decarboxylation action which produces a paraffin chain and COx (Kalnes et al., 2010; Pearlson et al., 2013; Wang & Tao, 2016). Decarboxylation catalyst is shown in reactions (12)-(15): 3 C15H31COOH 3 C15H32 + 3 CO2 (12) 3 C17H35COOH 3 C17H36 + 3 CO2 (13) 3 C19H39COOH 3 C19H40 + 3 CO2 (14) 3 C21H43COOH 3 C21H44 + 3 CO2 (15) Decarbonylation will have reactions (12)-(15) plus (16): CO2 + 1 H2 = 1 CO + 1 H2O (16) Deoxygenation under catalyst is presented in reactions (17)-(20): 3 C15H31COOH 3C16H34 + 6H2O (17) 3 C17H35COOH 3C18H38 + 6H2O (18) 3 C19H39COOH 3C20H42 + 6H2O (19) 3 C21H43COOH 3C22H46 + 6H2O (20) The subsequent reaction stoichiometry in the Hydrodeoxygenation reactor (from a combination of the above reactions from unsaturated triglycerides to saturated ones, propane