(“How many fewer?” Lucy has 3 (Version with version): apples than Julie. “fewer”): Lucy has two apples. Lucy has two apples. Lucy has 3 fewer has five apples. How many apples apples than Julie. How many fewer apples does Julie have? Julie has five apples. does Lucy have than 2 + 3 = ?, 3 + 2 = ? How many apples Julie? does Lucy have? 2 + ? = 5, 5 2 = ? 5 3 = ?, ? + 3 = 5 – – Table 2. Common multiplication and division situations. Number of Groups Group Size Unknown Unknown Unknown Product (“How many in each (“How many groups?” group?” Division) Division) 3 6 = ? 3 ? = 18 and 18 ÷ 3 = ? ? 6 = 18 and 18 ÷ 6 = ? There are 3 bags with 6 If 18 plums are shared If 18 plums are to be plums in each bag. How equally into 3 bags, then packed 6 to a bag, then many plums are there in how many plums will be how many bags are all? in each bag? needed? Measurement example. Measurement example. Measurement example. Equal Groups You need 3 lengths of You have 18 inches of You have 18 inches of string, each 6 inches long. string, which you will cut string, which you will cut How much string will you into 3 equal pieces. How into pieces that are 6 need altogether? long will each piece of inches long. How many string be? pieces of string will you have?
(“How many fewer?” version): Lucy has two apples. has five apples. How many fewer apples does Lucy have than Julie? 2 + ? = 5, 5 – 2 = ? Lucy has 3 apples than Julie. Lucy has two apples. How many apples does Julie have? 2 + 3 = ?, 3 + 2 = ? (Version with “fewer”): Lucy has 3 fewer apples than Julie. Julie has five apples. How many apples does Lucy have? 5 – 3 = ?, ? + 3 = 5 Table 2. Common multiplication and division situations. Unknown Product Group Size Unknown (“How many in each group?” Division) Number of Groups Unknown (“How many groups?” Division) 3 6 = ? 3 ? = 18 and 18 ÷ 3 = ? ? 6 = 18 and 18 ÷ 6 = ? Equal Groups There are 3 bags with 6 plums in each bag. How many plums are there in all? Measurement example. You need 3 lengths of string, each 6 inches long. How much string will you need altogether? If 18 plums are shared equally into 3 bags, then how many plums will be in each bag? Measurement example. You have 18 inches of string, which you will cut into 3 equal pieces. How long will each piece of string be? If 18 plums are to be packed 6 to a bag, then how many bags are needed? Measurement example. You have 18 inches of string, which you will cut into pieces that are 6 inches long. How many pieces of string will you have?