require that the principal investigator consider alternatives to procedures that may cause more than a momentary or slight pain or distress to the animal. The term is not defined “distress” under the Animal Welfare Act or its implementing regulations, under PHS Policy. Although not defined by the U.S. Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training, those Principles state that, the contrary is “Unless established, investigators should consider that procedures that cause pain or distress in human beings may cause pain or distress in other animals.” In the ILAR to the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (2011), the term distress is defined as aversive state in which an animal fails to cope or adjust to various stressors with which “…an it is presented….[although it] not induce an immediate and observable pathologic or …may behavioral alteration For the purpose of completing this table, please use this definition. You …” may also refer to Attachment A for category descriptions and examples. Complete this table based on anticipated levels of pain and distress for your procedures. APHIS APHIS aphis category c Category D Category E teaching, no pain, distress, or experiments, the use of research, surgery, or Teaching, Research, drugs tests involving pain Surgery, or tests or distress for which involving pain or the use of appropriate distress for which anesthetic, analgesic, appropriate anesthetic, or tranquilizing drugs analgesic, or would tranqulizing drugs will adversely affect the be used procedures, results, or interpretation of the teaching, research, experiments, surgery, or tests. expected prior to procedure expected during procedure expected post procedure For all procedures describe measures you will take to in Categories d and e, ANY alleviate pain/distress. Provide a detailed description of the methods to be used. For any method that may cause more than momentary or slight pain or distress to the animals, provide a written narrative description of the effort made to identify and evaluate alternatives to these methods. This narrative must provide details on the methods used and sources consulted to determine that alternative procedures are either not available or not acceptable. If no published literature or sources are available, the researcher may describe discussions with other researchers with relevant experience and/or your own, unpublished observations. If the answer relies in whole or in part on
require that the principal investigator consider alternatives to procedures that may cause more than a momentary or slight pain or distress to the animal. The term “distress” is not defined under the Animal Welfare Act or its implementing regulations, under PHS Policy. Although not defined by the U.S. Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training, those Principles state that, “Unless the contrary is established, investigators should consider that procedures that cause pain or distress in human beings may cause pain or distress in other animals.” In the ILAR to the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (2011), the term distress is defined as “…an aversive state in which an animal fails to cope or adjust to various stressors with which it is presented….[although it] …may not induce an immediate and observable pathologic or behavioral alteration …” For the purpose of completing this table, please use this definition. You may also refer to Attachment A for category descriptions and examples. Complete this table based on anticipated levels of pain and distress for your procedures. aphis category c no pain, distress, or the use of drugs APHIS Category D Teaching, Research, Surgery, or tests involving pain or distress for which appropriate anesthetic, analgesic, or tranqulizing drugs will be used APHIS Category E teaching, experiments, research, surgery, or tests involving pain or distress for which the use of appropriate anesthetic, analgesic, or tranquilizing drugs would adversely affect the procedures, results, or interpretation of the teaching, research, experiments, surgery, or tests. expected prior to procedure expected during procedure expected post procedure For all procedures in Categories d and e, describe ANY measures you will take to alleviate pain/distress. Provide a detailed description of the methods to be used. For any method that may cause more than momentary or slight pain or distress to the animals, provide a written narrative description of the effort made to identify and evaluate alternatives to these methods. This narrative must provide details on the methods used and sources consulted to determine that alternative procedures are either not available or not acceptable. If no published literature or sources are available, the researcher may describe discussions with other researchers with relevant experience and/or your own, unpublished observations. If the answer relies in whole or in part on