canals between major Benefits of railways centres soon became cheap travel was now available for overcrowded with boats all classes leading to delays. people afford to go to holiday Water could freeze in the resorts seaside holidays – winter and evaporate in a boomed hot summer. food was cheaper and fresher as it could be delivered quickly to towns. Diet became more varied. The end of canals news travelled more quickly with As soon as railways were invented newspapers delivered day” (1830s), canals became obsolete and “next all over the country fell into disuse. Investors withdrew politics became more centralised their support and switched to railway - national political parties grew up development instead. Workers were time was standardised to fit the laid off but were usually taken on – – railway timetable in far greater numbers by the – upper and lower classes mixed burgeoning railway system more as they travelled on the same train industries received a boost like Railways coal, steel, railway engine building One of the biggest developments of etc. 19th century Britain was the invention new towns grew up on rail of railways from 1830 onwards. junctions like Crewe Railways transformed life in Britain the Highlands of Scotland were and changed the rest of the world too. opened up to tourism causing You need to know about the benefits – further clearances (a disadvantage brought by railways as well as some for the Highland folk) of the arguments people made a national postal service the against them. – Royal Mail could work much – better. many people made a lot of out The First Railways of railways mania” but – “railway – some lost money first developed in coal mines. James lots of new, well paid jobs like train Watt’s invention of steam power was drivers adapted by engineers like George Stephenson with his famous Rocket Disadvantages of railways locomotive to move on rails and pull a train. some landowners objected to their Stephenson also engineered the first land being railways which connected industrial “invaded” people complained at the damage towns like Stockton to Darlington and to the environment in the Liverpool to Manchester. countryside From these beginnings railways some people were afraid of spread all over Britain to form a navvies network connecting all towns and some people lost money through cities. unscrupulous railway developers
canals between major centres soon became overcrowded with boats leading to delays. Water could freeze in the winter and evaporate in a hot summer. The end of canals As soon as railways were invented (1830s), canals became obsolete and fell into disuse. Investors withdrew their support and switched to railway development instead. Workers were laid off – but were usually taken on – in far greater numbers – by the burgeoning railway system Railways One of the biggest developments of 19th century Britain was the invention of railways from 1830 onwards. Railways transformed life in Britain and changed the rest of the world too. You need to know about the benefits brought by railways as well as some of the arguments people made against them. The First Railways first developed in coal mines. James Watt’s invention of steam power was adapted by engineers like George Stephenson with his famous Rocket locomotive to move on rails and pull a train. Stephenson also engineered the first railways which connected industrial towns like Stockton to Darlington and Liverpool to Manchester. From these beginnings railways spread all over Britain to form a network connecting all towns and cities. Benefits of railways cheap travel was now available for all classes people afford to go to holiday resorts – seaside holidays boomed food was cheaper and fresher as it could be delivered quickly to towns. Diet became more varied. news travelled more quickly with newspapers delivered “next day” all over the country politics became more centralised - national political parties grew up time was standardised to fit the railway timetable upper and lower classes mixed more as they travelled on the same train industries received a boost like coal, steel, railway engine building etc. new towns grew up on rail junctions like Crewe the Highlands of Scotland were opened up to tourism – causing further clearances (a disadvantage for the Highland folk) a national postal service – the Royal Mail – could work much better. many people made a lot of out of railways – “railway mania” – but some lost money lots of new, well paid jobs like train drivers Disadvantages of railways some landowners objected to their land being “invaded” people complained at the damage to the environment in the countryside some people were afraid of navvies some people lost money through unscrupulous railway developers