8. Audit Zgarni This paper A sample of 1. They adopt 1. Big 4 and industry quality Inaam, examines 319 firm-year discretionary accruals to specialist auditors are and Hlioui the effect observations estimate accrual-based negatively associated with earnings Khmoussi of audit during the earnings management levels of accruals as proxy and Zehri quality as period from through the Modified for earnings management; in the Fatma well as the 2000 to 2010 Jones Model; 2. Big 4 auditors enhance Tunisian (2012) adoption in Tunisian. 2. They use the the extent of real earnings context of the Roychowdhury Model to management; financial estimate the level of real 3. Longer auditor tenure is security activities earnings not associated with more law on management; earnings management; restraining 3. In terms of audit 4. The implementation of the extent quality, they adopt three the financial securities law of independent variables, is not effective on earnings audit firm size, industry constraining earnings specialist auditors and management behavior. audit tenure; 4. Several linear-multiple regression analyses are used to test the association between earnings management and audit quality. 9. Audit Jerry W. This paper 48 prior They adopt meta-analysis As proxy for audit quality, quality, Lin and exams the studies methodology by using auditor tenure, auditor corporate Mark I. during the empirical data from size, specialization as well Hwang between period from previous studies. as auditor independence as and (2010) corporate 1996 to 2007. measured by fee ratio and earnings total fee have a negative as well relationship with earnings A as audit management. quality and earnings
8. Audit quality and earnings in the Tunisian context Zgarni Inaam, Hlioui Khmoussi and Zehri Fatma (2012) This paper examines the effect of audit quality as well as the adoption of the financial security law on restraining the extent of earnings A sample of 319 firm-year observations during the period from 2000 to 2010 in Tunisian. 1. They adopt discretionary accruals to estimate accrual-based earnings management through the Modified Jones Model; 2. They use the Roychowdhury Model to estimate the level of real activities earnings management; 3. In terms of audit quality, they adopt three independent variables, audit firm size, industry specialist auditors and audit tenure; 4. Several linear-multiple regression analyses are used to test the association between earnings management and audit quality. 1. Big 4 and industry specialist auditors are negatively associated with levels of accruals as proxy for earnings management; 2. Big 4 auditors enhance the extent of real earnings management; 3. Longer auditor tenure is not associated with more earnings management; 4. The implementation of the financial securities law is not effective on constraining earnings management behavior. 9. Audit quality, corporate and earnings A Jerry W. Lin and Mark I. Hwang (2010) This paper exams the between corporate as well as audit quality and earnings 48 prior studies during the period from 1996 to 2007. They adopt meta-analysis methodology by using empirical data from previous studies. As proxy for audit quality, auditor tenure, auditor size, specialization as well as auditor independence as measured by fee ratio and total fee have a negative relationship with earnings management.