Alternate Mechanisms AT: Perm – The counterplan is competitive it sells the dams that they destroy – Crisson 12 [Mark Crisson, President & CEO, American Public Power Association. on Electricity Costs for American Families and Small “Testimony “Increased Businesses: The Potential Impacts of the Chu Memorandum”” April 26, 2012. ] AP Approximately 600 of APPA’s members in 33 states purchase hydropower from the four federal Power Marketing PMAs market the hydropower produced at large Administrations (PMAs). The dams operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Reclamation. Each of these public power utilities has a unique contractual arrangement with the PMA from which they receive power. Some of these utilities get all of their power needs met through the PMA, while others only get a portion – augmenting the federal hydropower with their own generation sources which include natural gas, coal, nuclear, other hydropower facilities and non-hydro renewable sources such as wind, solar, geothermal and biomass. What they have in common is the rates they pay for the PMA-marketed hydropower cover ALL of the costs of that generating and transmitting the power, interest on the federal investment in the project, and ongoing operation and maintenance. the power customers In some cases, also subsidize other purposes of the dams, such as irrigation and recreation. And that includes the Snake River dams they’re owned by the PMAs – – Harvey 99 [Jacqueline Harvey, Idaho State University. Fish Hatcheries.” “Idaho http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geog/fishery/hatchery.htm] In 1976 Congress passed the Water Resources Development Act and the Lower Snake River Fish and Wildlife Compensation Plan was created. The plan required the construction of fish hatcheries whose operation was intended to help offset the loss of Idaho's native salmon and trout species. Fish populations were declining - apparently as a result of construction of four dams and locks on the lower Snake River by the Bonneville Power Administration (Ice Harbor, Little Goose, Lower Granite and Lower Monumental were all built between 1962 and 1976).
Alternate Mechanisms – AT: Perm The counterplan is competitive – it sells the dams that they destroy Crisson 12 [Mark Crisson, President & CEO, American Public Power Association. “Testimony on “Increased Electricity Costs for American Families and Small Businesses: The Potential Impacts of the Chu Memorandum”” April 26, 2012. ] AP Approximately 600 of APPA’s members in 33 states purchase hydropower from the four federal Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs). The PMAs market the hydropower produced at large dams operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Reclamation. Each of these public power utilities has a unique contractual arrangement with the PMA from which they receive power. Some of these utilities get all of their power needs met through the PMA, while others only get a portion – augmenting the federal hydropower with their own generation sources which include natural gas, coal, nuclear, other hydropower facilities and non-hydro renewable sources such as wind, solar, geothermal and biomass. What they have in common is that the rates they pay for the PMA-marketed hydropower cover ALL of the costs of generating and transmitting the power, interest on the federal investment in the project, and ongoing operation and maintenance. In some cases, the power customers also subsidize other purposes of the dams, such as irrigation and recreation. And – that includes the Snake River dams – they’re owned by the PMAs Harvey 99 [Jacqueline Harvey, Idaho State University. “Idaho Fish Hatcheries.” http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geog/fishery/hatchery.htm] In 1976 Congress passed the Water Resources Development Act and the Lower Snake River Fish and Wildlife Compensation Plan was created. The plan required the construction of fish hatcheries whose operation was intended to help offset the loss of Idaho's native salmon and trout species. Fish populations were declining - apparently as a result of construction of four dams and locks on the lower Snake River by the Bonneville Power Administration (Ice Harbor, Little Goose, Lower Granite and Lower Monumental were all built between 1962 and 1976).