3.2 Methods of Protest in the 1960s Who? When? Where? Why did it What happened? Consequences (effects) happen? (Causes) Sit February Greensboro, Four black Sit-ins were not a new form of The SNCC held courses for the 1960 North students protest. But the Greensboro protesters, giving the tips about Carolina decided to hold set off a wave of them, across how to remain non-violent in the a sit-in to North Carolina, then the rest of face of aggression and actual integrate a the South. violence. local lunch counter Most of the protesters were It proved how successful in the students, including some who how peaceful protest can travelled from campuses in the achieve civil rights. North to join in. In students in Raleigh, North Carolina, set up the Student Nonviolent Co-0rdinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced ‘snick’) to co-ordinate this growing movement. Freedom December Southern The Supreme CORE and the SNCC set up On May 29 th 1962 the Riders 1960 states Court ordered “freedom rides” to test bus government had already told the the station facilities. Interstate Commerce desegregation Commission that it had to make of all bus drove through the South strict, rules about integration on station ‘testing’ the facilities in bus buses moving between State facilities after stations to make sure they were lines. It did, Buses, trains and the integrated. their facilities along the Montgomery interstate routes desegregated. Bus Boycott. They were not expecting this to be the case and were expecting a However, internal state routes hostile response, especially as were slower to do so. The both black and white protesters government as was often the rode together. case when they were forced to act by bad publicity did only as They wanted to create a crisis much as they had to do to make that get world- wide the publicity die down. publicity to give America negative publicity abroad. They hoped this would force the government to act more decisively to enforce the law. They got their crisis. The first two buses were attacked and the riders were beaten up at several stops.
3.2 Methods of Protest in the 1960s Who? When? Where? Why did it happen? (Causes) What happened? Consequences (effects) Sit February 1960 Greensboro, North Carolina Four black students decided to hold a sit-in to integrate a local lunch counter Sit-ins were not a new form of protest. But the Greensboro set off a wave of them, across North Carolina, then the rest of the South. Most of the protesters were students, including some who travelled from campuses in the North to join in. In students in Raleigh, North Carolina, set up the Student Nonviolent Co-0rdinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced ‘snick’) to co-ordinate this growing movement. The SNCC held courses for the protesters, giving the tips about how to remain non-violent in the face of aggression and actual violence. It proved how successful in the how peaceful protest can achieve civil rights. Freedom Riders December 1960 Southern states The Supreme Court ordered the desegregation of all bus station facilities after the Montgomery Bus Boycott. CORE and the SNCC set up “freedom rides” to test bus station facilities. drove through the South ‘testing’ the facilities in bus stations to make sure they were integrated. They were not expecting this to be the case and were expecting a hostile response, especially as both black and white protesters rode together. They wanted to create a crisis that get world- wide publicity to give America negative publicity abroad. They hoped this would force the government to act more decisively to enforce the law. They got their crisis. The first two buses were attacked and the riders were beaten up at several stops. On May 29 th 1962 the government had already told the Interstate Commerce Commission that it had to make strict, rules about integration on buses moving between State lines. It did, Buses, trains and their facilities along the interstate routes desegregated. However, internal state routes were slower to do so. The government as was often the case when they were forced to act by bad publicity did only as much as they had to do to make the publicity die down.