Understand that 13C n.m.r. gives a simpler State the percentage Explain why spin-spin coupling is seen in 1H nmr spectrum than 1H n.m.r. of carbon that but not in 13C nmr. ‘natural’ is 13C. Know the use of the scale for recording chemical State the typical range State the typical range State what chemical δ shift of the scale for 1H of the scale for 13C shift is and the unit it is δ δ nmr. nmr. measured in. Understand that chemical depends on the Describe how the molecular environment influences the chemical shift of an molecular environment atom. Lesson Objective Task(s) Understand how integrated spectra indicate the What information can Sketch a typical Describe how an relative numbers of 1H in different we get from the area integration trace. integration trace can environments under a peak? be used to calculate the ratio of the atoms causing a signal. Understand that 1H n.m.r. spectra are obtained What happen if an Explain why deuterated State four solvents that using samples dissolved in proton-free solvents nmr sample was solvents are commonly could be used for an dissolved in a solvent used in for nmr samples. nmr sample. that contained protons? Understand why tetramethylsilane (TMS) is used as Explain why a standard Draw the structure of 5 reasons why tms is a standard is necessary in nmr tms. a suitable standard for spectra. nmr. Be able to use the n +1 rule to deduce the Explain why spin-spin State the n+1 rule. How many adjacent splitting patterns of adjacent, non-equivalent coupling happens. protons are needed to protons, limited to doublet, triplet and quartet create a doublet triplet formation in simple aliphatic compounds and quartet. Know that gas-liquid chromatography can be Sketch a typical trace Describe what three common used to separate mixtures of volatile liquids obtained from information can be applications of chromatography. obtained from a chromatography.
Understand that 13C n.m.r. gives a simpler spectrum than 1H n.m.r. State the percentage of ‘natural’ carbon that is 13C. Explain why spin-spin coupling is seen in 1H nmr but not in 13C nmr. Know the use of the δ scale for recording chemical shift State the typical range of the δ scale for 1H nmr. State the typical range of the δ scale for 13C nmr. State what chemical shift is and the unit it is measured in. Understand that chemical depends on the molecular environment Describe how the molecular environment influences the chemical shift of an atom. Lesson Objective Task(s) Understand how integrated spectra indicate the relative numbers of 1H in different environments What information can we get from the area under a peak? Sketch a typical integration trace. Describe how an integration trace can be used to calculate the ratio of the atoms causing a signal. Understand that 1H n.m.r. spectra are obtained using samples dissolved in proton-free solvents What happen if an nmr sample was dissolved in a solvent that contained protons? Explain why deuterated solvents are commonly used in for nmr samples. State four solvents that could be used for an nmr sample. Understand why tetramethylsilane (TMS) is used as a standard Explain why a standard is necessary in nmr spectra. Draw the structure of tms. 5 reasons why tms is a suitable standard for nmr. Be able to use the n +1 rule to deduce the splitting patterns of adjacent, non-equivalent protons, limited to doublet, triplet and quartet formation in simple aliphatic compounds Explain why spin-spin coupling happens. State the n+1 rule. How many adjacent protons are needed to create a doublet triplet and quartet. Know that gas-liquid chromatography can be used to separate mixtures of volatile liquids Sketch a typical trace obtained from chromatography. Describe what information can be obtained from a three common applications of chromatography.