CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Introduction This chapter presents the review of literature related to this study on the role of motivational factors on academic performance. Specifically, it teachers’ students’ presents the review of theories related to the concept of motivation such as Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of human needs and motivation-hygiene theory. The Herzberg’s chapter also elaborates motivation factors and performance as teachers’ students’ found in literature. The chapter ends with identification of the research gap. 2.2 The Concept of Motivation Many scholars around the world define motivation in several ways. Guay et al (2010) defines motivation as the reasons underlying human behavior. In defining motivation, one must also consider its types like intrinsic as well as extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is motivation that is animated by personal enjoyment, interest, or pleasure. As Deci motivation et al. (1999) observe, “Intrinsic energizes and sustains activities through the spontaneous satisfactions inherent in effective volitional action. It is manifest in behaviors such as play, exploration, and challenge seeking that people often do for to the external rewards”. With reference current study, motivation of teachers is explained in terms of conducive working environment (harmonious relationship among workers, needs fulfilled-training, monetary support and personal satisfaction). Moreover, the motivation is teachers’ expected to be derived from personal expectation towards work. teacher’s
CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Introduction This chapter presents the review of literature related to this study on the role of teachers’ motivational factors on students’ academic performance. Specifically, it presents the review of theories related to the concept of motivation such as Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of human needs and Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. The chapter also elaborates teachers’ motivation factors and students’ performance as found in literature. The chapter ends with identification of the research gap. 2.2 The Concept of Motivation Many scholars around the world define motivation in several ways. Guay et al (2010) defines motivation as the reasons underlying human behavior. In defining motivation, one must also consider its types like intrinsic as well as extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is motivation that is animated by personal enjoyment, interest, or pleasure. As Deci et al. (1999) observe, “Intrinsic motivation energizes and sustains activities through the spontaneous satisfactions inherent in effective volitional action. It is manifest in behaviors such as play, exploration, and challenge seeking that people often do for external rewards”. With reference to the current study, motivation of teachers is explained in terms of conducive working environment (harmonious relationship among workers, needs fulfilled-training, monetary support and personal satisfaction). Moreover, the teachers’ motivation is expected to be derived from teacher’s personal expectation towards work.