children’s adjustment, independent of DV. Parenting stress served as a unique vulnerability factor for internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Psychological abuse was a stronger predictor of children’s adjustment than physical abuse. Levendosky & 95 dyads Participants completed Hierarchical multiple Developmental Measured various types Graham-Bermann from predominately questionnaires and regression analyses were interpretations are not of DV in order to make (2000) communities participated in a 10 used to examine the possible due to the distinctions and more were recruited from local minute videotaped effects of ecological cross-sectional nature of accurate assessments communities as well as interaction task. factors on maternal the study. regarding child-related DV shelters and parenting styles and outcomes. community support Questionnaires included children’s observed Findings may not be groups. Children measures of income, behaviors. generalizable to broader Highlights the negative years old. negative life events (Life populations given that indirect effect of DV on Stress social DV significantly the sample is from high children through its support (Social Support predicted parenting risk (violent and effect on maternal Quality of Life scale), warmth but not parenting communities. parenting. physical abuse (Conflict authority-control over Tactics Scales), other systemic and psychological abuse individual factors. (Violence Against Women Scales), Psychological abuse of depression (Beck mothers predicted Depression Inventory), children’s antisocial PTSD (Post-Traumatic behavior. Psychological Stress Scale for Family and physical abuse were Violence), and children’s both highly related to emotional and behavioral observed maternal problems (Child warmth. In general, Behavior Checklist). psychological abuse had a more significant Observations followed negative influence on the family interaction parenting. Physical
children’s adjustment, independent of DV. Parenting stress served as a unique vulnerability factor for internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Psychological abuse was a stronger predictor of children’s adjustment than physical abuse. Levendosky & Graham-Bermann (2000) 95 dyads from predominately communities were recruited from local communities as well as DV shelters and community support groups. Children years old. Participants completed questionnaires and participated in a 10 minute videotaped interaction task. Questionnaires included measures of income, negative life events (Life Stress social support (Social Support Quality of Life scale), physical abuse (Conflict Tactics Scales), psychological abuse (Violence Against Women Scales), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Scale for Family Violence), and children’s emotional and behavioral problems (Child Behavior Checklist). Observations followed the family interaction Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to examine the effects of ecological factors on maternal parenting styles and children’s observed behaviors. DV significantly predicted parenting warmth but not parenting authority-control over other systemic and individual factors. Psychological abuse of mothers predicted children’s antisocial behavior. Psychological and physical abuse were both highly related to observed maternal warmth. In general, psychological abuse had a more significant negative influence on parenting. Physical Developmental interpretations are not possible due to the cross-sectional nature of the study. Findings may not be generalizable to broader populations given that the sample is from high risk (violent and communities. Measured various types of DV in order to make distinctions and more accurate assessments regarding child-related outcomes. Highlights the negative indirect effect of DV on children through its effect on maternal parenting.