Disease subclinical No, treated animal Possibly in part of No is sick group and clinical in another part of the group Disease expected Disease is already Yes for the part of Yes manifest in treated the group not yet animal showing clinical signs of infection. In the other part of the group the animals are already showing clinical signs of bacterial infection Individual treatment Yes Normally group In exceptional cases, like before and/or after surgery Group/herd/flock Generally individual Normally Normally treatment but may be part of a group treatment (i.e. a mix of curative and control treatment) Prior sensitivity test Normally not Not generally Ideally, yes but may not feasible feasible as sick feasible unless be feasible for emergency animals require results of tests surgery. Any preventive NB quick access to available from treatment with antibiotics therapy with best currently or should be based on a Research investment predictions for quick previously sick strong evidence base, and complete animals. ideally involving for pen side recovery. Would be sensitivity test results sensitivity testing is possible if results from previous outbreaks urgently required are available from of disease plus previous outbreaks knowledge of local of the same disease disease on the same epidemiology. Husbandry holding. Regular, should be improved to periodic culture and reduce the need for sensitivity testing on preventive treatment of farm is desirable for subsequent animals. the vet to develop a sensitivity history of the farm. Equivalent human Most uses Treatment of In high risk/at risk therapy persons in close categories of patients e.g. contact with initial surgical patients, burns, case e.g. of cancer, other bacterial meningitis immunosuppressed or living in close patients, invasive proximity e.g. outpatient procedures, nursing homes some dentistry
Disease subclinical No, treated animal is sick Possibly in part of group and clinical in another part of the group No Disease expected Disease is already manifest in treated animal Yes for the part of the group not yet showing clinical signs of infection. In the other part of the group the animals are already showing clinical signs of bacterial infection Yes Individual treatment Yes Normally group In exceptional cases, like before and/or after surgery Group/herd/flock treatment Generally individual but may be part of a group treatment (i.e. a mix of curative and control treatment) Normally Normally Prior sensitivity test feasible NB Research investment for pen side sensitivity testing is urgently required Normally not feasible as sick animals require quick access to therapy with best predictions for quick and complete recovery. Would be possible if results are available from previous outbreaks of the same disease on the same holding. Regular, periodic culture and sensitivity testing on farm is desirable for the vet to develop a sensitivity history of the farm. Not generally feasible unless results of tests available from currently or previously sick animals. Ideally, yes but may not be feasible for emergency surgery. Any preventive treatment with antibiotics should be based on a strong evidence base, ideally involving sensitivity test results from previous outbreaks of disease plus knowledge of local disease epidemiology. Husbandry should be improved to reduce the need for preventive treatment of subsequent animals. Equivalent human therapy Most uses Treatment of persons in close contact with initial case e.g. of bacterial meningitis or living in close proximity e.g. nursing homes In high risk/at risk categories of patients e.g. surgical patients, burns, cancer, other immunosuppressed patients, invasive outpatient procedures, some dentistry