an increase in the that occurs around a joint, for example, Extension: straightening the knee causes an increase in the angle between the femur and tibia is a term used solely for the joint. It involves pointing the foot Plantar flexion: downwards away from the tibia (standing on your tiptoes) bending the foot upwards towards the tibia. Dorsiflexion: Movements in a frontal (coronal) this is when movement occurs away from the midline of the body, for Abduction: example, raising the arms out to the side away from the body. this is when movement occurs towards the midline of the body, for Adduction: example, lowering the arms back to the sides of the body. Top tip: if something is abducted it is taken away. Look at the word adduction – think of adding the arm or leg back to the body Movements in a transverse (horizontal) plane arm moves forward across the Horizontal adduction (also called horizontal flexion): body at 90˚ of shoulder adduction, for example, raise your arm out to the side till it is parallel to the floor (abduction of the shoulder) then move the arm back towards the body keeping it parallel all the way.
Extension: an increase in the that occurs around a joint, for example, straightening the knee causes an increase in the angle between the femur and tibia Plantar flexion: is a term used solely for the joint. It involves pointing the foot downwards away from the tibia (standing on your tiptoes) Dorsiflexion: bending the foot upwards towards the tibia. Movements in a frontal (coronal) Abduction: this is when movement occurs away from the midline of the body, for example, raising the arms out to the side away from the body. Adduction: this is when movement occurs towards the midline of the body, for example, lowering the arms back to the sides of the body. Top tip: if something is abducted it is taken away. Look at the word adduction – think of adding the arm or leg back to the body Movements in a transverse (horizontal) plane Horizontal adduction (also called horizontal flexion): arm moves forward across the body at 90˚ of shoulder adduction, for example, raise your arm out to the side till it is parallel to the floor (abduction of the shoulder) then move the arm back towards the body keeping it parallel all the way.