typology, as this is often lacking in existing classifications. Thus this typology includes definitions of commonly used terms such as swamp, marsh, lake and so on (see section 7.2). Example typologies The following is a very brief description of several existing typologies; it is not intended as a comprehensive review/critique but serves to illustrate the types of features that might be expected in a typology. The Ramsar wetland classification have ecosystem classes (Riverine, Lacustrine, Palustrine, Estuarine, and Marine) as in the ANAE framework, but rather has three broad categories with a total of 42 types assigned: inland wetland (20 types) (Table 25), marine/coastal wetlands (12 types) (Table 26), and human made wetlands (10 types). The names used typically include water regime (permanent, seasonal/intermittent), water type (fresh, saline, brackish or alkaline) and a mixture of dominant vegetation and location (Ramsar 2009). Table 25: Ramsar classification of inland wetlands (Ramsar 2009) Water type Classification Code Rivers, streams, M creeks Permanent Deltas L Flowing Springs, oases Y Rivers, streams, Seasonal/intermittent N creeks > 8 ha O Permanent < 8 ha Tp Lakes and pools Seasonal/intermittent > 8 ha P Fresh water < 8 ha Ts Permanent Herb-dominated Tp Marshes on Permanent/ Shrub-dominated W inorganic soils Seasonal/intermittent Tree-dominated Xf Seasonal/intermittent Herb-dominated Ts Marshes on peat Non-forested U Permanent soils Forested Xp Marshes on High altitude (alpine) Va inorganic or peat Tundra Vt Permanent Q Lakes Saline, brackish or Seasonal/intermittent R alkaline water Permanent Sp Marshes & pools Seasonal/intermittent Ss Fresh, saline, Geothermal Zg brackish or alkaline Subterranean Zk(b) water Table 26: Ramsar classification of marine/coastal wetlands (Ramsar 2009) Water type Classification Code < 6 m deep A Permanent Underwater vegetation B Saline water Coral reefs C Rocky D Shores Sand, shingle or pebble E Flats (mud, sand or salt) G Saline or Intertidal brackish Marshes H
typology, as this is often lacking in existing classifications. Thus this typology includes definitions of commonly used terms such as swamp, marsh, lake and so on (see section 7.2). Example typologies The following is a very brief description of several existing typologies; it is not intended as a comprehensive review/critique but serves to illustrate the types of features that might be expected in a typology. The Ramsar wetland classification have ecosystem classes (Riverine, Lacustrine, Palustrine, Estuarine, and Marine) as in the ANAE framework, but rather has three broad categories with a total of 42 types assigned: inland wetland (20 types) (Table 25), marine/coastal wetlands (12 types) (Table 26), and human made wetlands (10 types). The names used typically include water regime (permanent, seasonal/intermittent), water type (fresh, saline, brackish or alkaline) and a mixture of dominant vegetation and location (Ramsar 2009). Table 25: Ramsar classification of inland wetlands (Ramsar 2009) Water type Classification Code Fresh water Flowing Permanent Rivers, streams, creeks M Deltas L Springs, oases Y Seasonal/intermittent Rivers, streams, creeks N Lakes and pools Permanent > 8 ha O < 8 ha Tp Seasonal/intermittent > 8 ha P < 8 ha Ts Marshes on inorganic soils Permanent Herb-dominated Tp Permanent/ Seasonal/intermittent Shrub-dominated W Tree-dominated Xf Seasonal/intermittent Herb-dominated Ts Marshes on peat soils Permanent Non-forested U Forested Xp Marshes on inorganic or peat High altitude (alpine) Va Tundra Vt Saline, brackish or alkaline water Lakes Permanent Q Seasonal/intermittent R Marshes & pools Permanent Sp Seasonal/intermittent Ss Fresh, saline, brackish or alkaline water Geothermal Zg Subterranean Zk(b) Table 26: Ramsar classification of marine/coastal wetlands (Ramsar 2009) Water type Classification Code Saline water Permanent < 6 m deep A Underwater vegetation B Coral reefs C Shores Rocky D Sand, shingle or pebble E Saline or brackish Intertidal Flats (mud, sand or salt) G Marshes H