B) Lem Kær Wind Farm was Vestas pilot project for energy storage. Vestas is working on Kennedy Power Plant that integrates wind and solar with grid-scale energy storage and will feature a 2MW / 4MWh grid-scale LIB storage system to providing flexibility and increasing the energy production. Globally the two largest grid-scale LIB storage system is the Mira Loma Substation in California which features 20MW/80MWh using 400 Tesla Powerpack 2 [38,39] and the Wind Farm which feature a 100MW/129MWh [40], both systems Neoen’s Hornsdale providing peak shaving. The Laurel Mountain, West Virginia, USA grid-scale LIB storage system a 32MW/8MWh [41] are designed for frequency regulation and with high power to energy ratio compared to the Tesla grid-scale LIB storage system which are designed for peak shaving with a low power to energy ratio. Table 3. Example of market standard technology for grid-connected LIB systems. Image Location Primary Year Power Techn. Ref. usage capacity provider Energylab Frequency 2017 630 kW ABB for [42] Nordhavn, Regulation Radius Copenhagen, 460 Elnet / Denmark Peak kWh Ørsted Shaving NMC Voltage Regulation Harmonic Filtering Lem Kær Frequency 2014 400kW [43] Wind Farm, regulation LFP and and Denmark 1.2MW A123 LTO for Vestas Mira Loma Peak 2016 20 Tesla Substation, Shaving MW California, USA 80 MWh Peak 2017 100 Tesla [40] Neoen’s Hornsdale Shaving MW Wind Farm, South 129 Australia MWh Laurel Frequency 2011 32 AES [41] Mountain, Regulation MW and Belington, and A123 West Renewable 8 Virginia, Energy MWh USA Integration
B) Lem Kær Wind Farm was Vestas pilot project for energy storage. Vestas is working on Kennedy Power Plant that integrates wind and solar with grid-scale energy storage and will feature a 2MW / 4MWh grid-scale LIB storage system to providing flexibility and increasing the energy production. Globally the two largest grid-scale LIB storage system is the Mira Loma Substation in California which features 20MW/80MWh using 400 Tesla Powerpack 2 [38,39] and the Neoen’s Hornsdale Wind Farm which feature a 100MW/129MWh [40], both systems providing peak shaving. The Laurel Mountain, West Virginia, USA grid-scale LIB storage system a 32MW/8MWh [41] are designed for frequency regulation and with high power to energy ratio compared to the Tesla grid-scale LIB storage system which are designed for peak shaving with a low power to energy ratio. Table 3. Example of market standard technology for grid-connected LIB systems. Image Location Primary usage Year Power capacity Techn. provider Ref. Energylab Nordhavn, Copenhagen, Denmark Frequency Regulation Peak Shaving Voltage Regulation Harmonic Filtering 2017 630 kW 460 kWh NMC ABB for Radius Elnet / Ørsted [42] Lem Kær Wind Farm, Denmark Frequency regulation 2014 400kW LFP and 1.2MW LTO and A123 for Vestas [43] Mira Loma Substation, California, USA Peak Shaving 2016 20 MW 80 MWh Tesla Neoen’s Hornsdale Wind Farm, South Australia Peak Shaving 2017 100 MW 129 MWh Tesla [40] Laurel Mountain, Belington, West Virginia, USA Frequency Regulation and Renewable Energy Integration 2011 32 MW 8 MWh AES and A123 [41]