Table 5 Summary of literature for areas identified as being vulnerable, or potentially vulnerable, to SWI in Victoria SWI SWI SWI Level of Land / Location References Aquifer lithology occurrence Driving factors Investigations monitoring management assessment groundwater use reported Werribee (Dahlhaus et Quaternary alluvial Yes, in 2005 Groundwater level; Yes (but not Yes Moderate Horticulture – River Delta al., 2004; delta overlying investigations extractions; below salinity; major SWI exploring Leonard, 2006; Quaternary/Tertiary at one site in average ions, metals, interface trigger levels SKM, 2005b) Basalt basalt rainfall/droughts; bacteria; specific) and reducing adjacent Port shortfall in geophysical extraction Phillip Bay channel deliveries logging; volumes (SKM, 2005b) MODFLOW 2000 Point Nepean (Dahlhaus et Quaternary No Groundwater Reappraisal of No No Low Stock; domestic; (same al., 2004; overlying mixed extractions; below groundwater gardens; references Parsons alluvial/fluvial average resources recreational apply to Brinckerhoff, rainfall/droughts conducted Moorabbin*) 2010) Gippsland (ANRA, 2002; Tertiary non-marine No Groundwater Limited data No No None to Very Irrigation; town (Sale/Orbost EGCMA, 2005) fluviatile sand, silt, extractions Low water supply region and clay, minor gravel (including Venus Bay and coal overlain below dune sands) by local thin average Quaternary sands rainfall/droughts and alluvium; aquifers Koowerup* (ANRA, 2002) Tertiary sediments No Groundwater Unknown No No None to Very Vegetables/ extractions Low horticulture Nullawarre* (ANRA, 2002) Tertiary Limestone No Groundwater Unknown No No None to Very Agricultural extractions Low irrigation Yangery* (ANRA, 2002) Tertiary Limestone No Groundwater Unknown No No None to Very Agricultural extractions Low irrigation * areas were highlighted by stakeholders as potentially vulnerable to SWI, although there may be little to no SWI references/information available
Table 5 Summary of literature for areas identified as being vulnerable, or potentially vulnerable, to SWI in Victoria Location References Aquifer lithology SWI occurrence reported Driving factors Investigations SWI monitoring SWI management Level of assessment Land / groundwater use Werribee River Delta (Dahlhaus et al., 2004; Leonard, 2006; SKM, 2005b) Quaternary alluvial delta overlying Quaternary/Tertiary Basalt Yes, in 2005 investigations at one site in basalt adjacent Port Phillip Bay (SKM, 2005b) Groundwater extractions; below average rainfall/droughts; shortfall in channel deliveries level; salinity; major ions, metals, bacteria; geophysical logging; MODFLOW 2000 Yes (but not SWI interface specific) Yes – exploring trigger levels and reducing extraction volumes Moderate Horticulture Point Nepean (same references apply to Moorabbin*) (Dahlhaus et al., 2004; Parsons Brinckerhoff, 2010) Quaternary overlying mixed alluvial/fluvial No Groundwater extractions; below average rainfall/droughts Reappraisal of groundwater resources conducted No No Low Stock; domestic; gardens; recreational Gippsland (Sale/Orbost region and Venus Bay dune sands) (ANRA, 2002; EGCMA, 2005) Tertiary non-marine fluviatile sand, silt, clay, minor gravel and coal overlain by local thin Quaternary sands and alluvium; aquifers No Groundwater extractions (including below average rainfall/droughts Limited data No No None to Very Low Irrigation; town water supply Koowerup* (ANRA, 2002) Tertiary sediments No Groundwater extractions Unknown No No None to Very Low Vegetables/ horticulture Nullawarre* (ANRA, 2002) Tertiary Limestone No Groundwater extractions Unknown No No None to Very Low Agricultural irrigation Yangery* (ANRA, 2002) Tertiary Limestone No Groundwater extractions Unknown No No None to Very Low Agricultural irrigation * areas were highlighted by stakeholders as potentially vulnerable to SWI, although there may be little to no SWI references/information available