Active medium Photothermal effects Pumping mechanism Warming Optical resonator Coagulation, tissue shrinkage, Delivery systems hemostasis Fixed lens and mirror Vaporization, ablation Articulated arm Carbonization Waveguide Photoacoustic effect Optical fiber Disruption Emission mode Photochemical effects Continuous wave Stimulation of chemical Chopped or gated reactions c. Pulsed Breaking of molecular bonds E. Summary of laser effects on tissue Fluorescence 6. Biostimulation Reflection, scattering, transmission, a. Photodynamic therapy absorption Review of laser types, device characteristics, and clinical applications in dentistry Laser types 1. Argon laser C. Clinical applications 2. CO2 laser Intraoral soft tissue surgery 3. Diode lasers Treatment of aphthous ulcers Erbium lasers Sulcular debridement (soft tissue Holmium laser curettage) Neodymium lasers Composite curing Other lasers Tooth shade lightening Device characteristics Caries removal Wavelength Cavity preparation Beam diameter (spot size) Enamel modification Power Illumination for caries detection Energy density Illumination for endodontic orifice Repetition rate (if applicable) location Exposure duration Removal of coronal pulp Total energy Experimental applications Laser safety Standards organizations and regulatory Eye and tissue protection requirements Environment for Devices and Radiological Health Proper warning sign posted (CDRH) Limited access American National Standards Reflective surfaces minimized High volume evacuation present Institute (ANSI) Laser external cooling system (if Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) applicable) State and local regulatory agencies Electrical components (cords and footswitch) Laser safety officer Gases Laser safety mechanisms Training Adverse effects reporting mechanism Laser use documentation V. Clinical simulation (specific hands-on demonstration) Laser instrument set-up and operation
Active medium Pumping mechanism Optical resonator Delivery systems Fixed lens and mirror Articulated arm Waveguide Optical fiber Emission mode Continuous wave Chopped or gated c. Pulsed E. Summary of laser effects on tissue Reflection, scattering, transmission, absorption Photothermal effects Warming Coagulation, tissue shrinkage, hemostasis Vaporization, ablation Carbonization Photoacoustic effect Disruption Photochemical effects Stimulation of chemical reactions Breaking of molecular bonds Fluorescence 6. Biostimulation a. Photodynamic therapy Review of laser types, device characteristics, and clinical applications in dentistry Laser types 1. Argon laser 2. CO2 laser 3. Diode lasers Erbium lasers Holmium laser Neodymium lasers Other lasers Device characteristics Wavelength Beam diameter (spot size) Power Energy density Repetition rate (if applicable) Exposure duration Total energy C. Clinical applications Intraoral soft tissue surgery Treatment of aphthous ulcers Sulcular debridement (soft tissue curettage) Composite curing Tooth shade lightening Caries removal Cavity preparation Enamel modification Illumination for caries detection Illumination for endodontic orifice location Removal of coronal pulp Experimental applications Laser safety Standards organizations and regulatory requirements for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) State and local regulatory agencies Laser safety officer Laser safety mechanisms Adverse effects reporting mechanism Eye and tissue protection Environment Proper warning sign posted Limited access Reflective surfaces minimized High volume evacuation present Laser external cooling system (if applicable) Electrical components (cords and footswitch) Gases Training Laser use documentation V. Clinical simulation (specific hands-on demonstration) Laser instrument set-up and operation