Instead, further work on appears to be effective in evaluation is strongly reducing the number of men recommended. This needs to reporting sero-discordant or include initial, further unknown status unprotected development that tailors such anal intercourse (sdUAI) interventions to different post when compared with 1996 UK contexts, sufficient standard counselling. Broadly piloting to ensure interventions based on the techniques of are implementable and cognitive-behavioural evaluation of implementation psychology, the and acceptability alongside techniques in rigorous outcome evaluation. these interventions are based The main recommendation for on the individual analysing future research are that further and challenging their current rigorously conducted and thoughts, and how these research (primary and thoughts affect their emotions secondary) is required on the and sexual behaviour. views of all groups of MSM. Individuals construct for Research is needed, in themselves a more realistic, particular on young MSM, 'healthier' internal model of working class MSM, black and their world and this, it is ethnic minority MSM, disabled argued, leads them to MSM and other groups of MSM healthier sexual behaviours. who are vulnerable to reduced In terms of risk, the men control over HIV-related sexual recruited for these studies health. Work is required to either sdUAI in the synthesise studies of the views previous 12 months, had an of these men and to put the acute STI or expressed views of especially vulnerable concern about their sexual MSM in the context of other practices. One study from this MSM's views. meta-analysis found a potentially harmful effect on
Instead, further work on evaluation is strongly recommended. This needs to include initial, further development that tailors such interventions to different post 1996 UK contexts, sufficient piloting to ensure interventions are implementable and evaluation of implementation and acceptability alongside rigorous outcome evaluation. The main recommendation for future research are that further rigorously conducted and research (primary and secondary) is required on the views of all groups of MSM. Research is needed, in particular on young MSM, working class MSM, black and ethnic minority MSM, disabled MSM and other groups of MSM who are vulnerable to reduced control over HIV-related sexual health. Work is required to synthesise studies of the views of these men and to put the views of especially vulnerable MSM in the context of other MSM's views. appears to be effective in reducing the number of men reporting sero-discordant or unknown status unprotected anal intercourse (sdUAI) when compared with standard counselling. Broadly based on the techniques of cognitive-behavioural psychology, the techniques in these interventions are based on the individual analysing and challenging their current thoughts, and how these thoughts affect their emotions and sexual behaviour. Individuals construct for themselves a more realistic, 'healthier' internal model of their world and this, it is argued, leads them to healthier sexual behaviours. In terms of risk, the men recruited for these studies either sdUAI in the previous 12 months, had an acute STI or expressed concern about their sexual practices. One study from this meta-analysis found a potentially harmful effect on