persons etc) Olds 2004; 735 pregnant Home Teaching Home Nurses (with Process Total Direct assessment: Effects of home low-income parents to visiting BSN language 1 month of extensive training by PLS-3 visits by mothers support program degrees) and scores professionals before working with paraprofessionals general child (significant Observational data: families and by nurses: development (not impacts ~6 visits during pregnancy and Video-taped age 4 follow-up qualified in a restricted to average of 16 (paraprofessional) mother-infant results of a helping or 21 (nurse) visits during infancy interaction randomized trial profession) Content program and to Parent and child health education children Parenting education born to Helping parents to plan future mothers pregnancies, continue their with low education, and find work resources) Albarran 2014; 167 New Provision of Provision of Process Total Direct assessment: mothers and educational baby books language Using Baby New mothers given 6 baby books PLS-4 their infants resources scores Books to Increase in third trimester of pregnancy with no New Mothers' additional Content Self-Efficacy and training Improve Toddler One group received books Language embedded with educational Development material about child development and parenting, one group received equivalent books (both types
persons etc) Olds 2004; Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial 735 pregnant low-income mothers Home Teaching parents to support general child development Home visiting program Nurses (with BSN degrees) and (not qualified in a helping profession) Process 1 month of extensive training by professionals before working with families ~6 visits during pregnancy and average of 16 (paraprofessional) or 21 (nurse) visits during infancy Content Parent and child health education Parenting education Helping parents to plan future pregnancies, continue their education, and find work Total language scores (significant impacts restricted to program and to children born to mothers with low resources) Direct assessment: PLS-3 Observational data: Video-taped mother-infant interaction Albarran 2014; Using Baby Books to Increase New Mothers' Self-Efficacy and Improve Toddler Language Development 167 New mothers and their infants Provision of educational resources with no additional training Provision of baby books Process New mothers given 6 baby books in third trimester of pregnancy Content One group received books embedded with educational material about child development and parenting, one group received equivalent books (both types Total language scores Direct assessment: PLS-4