8. The Crisis of Kingship “A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse!” – a famous quote from Shakespeare’s Richard III - king Richard had lost his horse on the When the 100 Years’ War ended in 1453, the English nobleman battlefield and he offers his kingdom for a horse returned to England with their soldiers, many whom became At Bosworth Field Richard III was killed and defeated and Henry unemployed; they knew no craft but fighting Tudor, a descendant of the House of Lancaster, defeated the royal Two groups of nobles fought for the control of the throne – army and after the battle was crowned King Henry VII Henry united the rival houses of Lancaster and York by marrying Lancasters and Yorks Edward daughter IV’s When Richard II became king he was placed under the control of his uncle John, duke of Lancaster, who prepared the throne for his son Henry (IV) Henry was stronger and took the throne by force, soon after that Richard died mysteriously There was another possible successor for the throne - the Duke of York Yorks –white rose, Lancasters –red rose Although Henry IV passed the crown to his son Henry V, 50 years later the nobility were divided between those who remained loyal to Henry Henry Tudor/ Henry VII ‘ VI, the “Lancastrians”, and those who supported the duke of York, the “Yorkists” The war began in 1455 with the battle of Saint Albans, six years later, 9. The Tudors the York forces crushed the Lancaster army and Edward of York became king as Edward IV The Tudors reigned 1485-1603 Richard III The Tudor period is known as the most glorious - the time of strong Edward V succeeded Edward IV at the age of 12 monarchy, reformation and strong British navy Richard, the duke of Gloucester, uncle of the young king, had Edward Henry VII Tudor : and his little brother killed in the Tower of London and became king ended the War of the Roses as Richard III married Elizabeth of York – united the families kept England out Wars, avoided quarrels Richard III reigned for two years and was the last king of the House of made important alliances York and the last of the Plantaganet dynasty
8. The Crisis of Kingship When the 100 Years’ War ended in 1453, the English nobleman returned to England with their soldiers, many whom became unemployed; they knew no craft but fighting Two groups of nobles fought for the control of the throne – Lancasters and Yorks When Richard II became king he was placed under the control of his uncle John, duke of Lancaster, who prepared the throne for his son Henry (IV) Henry was stronger and took the throne by force, soon after that Richard died mysteriously There was another possible successor for the throne - the Duke of York Yorks –white rose, Lancasters –red rose Although Henry IV passed the crown to his son Henry V, 50 years later the nobility were divided between those who remained loyal to Henry VI, the “Lancastrians”, and those who supported the duke of York, the “Yorkists” The war began in 1455 with the battle of Saint Albans, six years later, the York forces crushed the Lancaster army and Edward of York became king as Edward IV Richard III Edward V succeeded Edward IV at the age of 12 Richard, the duke of Gloucester, uncle of the young king, had Edward and his little brother killed in the Tower of London and became king as Richard III Richard III reigned for two years and was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantaganet dynasty “A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse!” – a famous quote from Shakespeare’s Richard III - king Richard had lost his horse on the battlefield and he offers his kingdom for a horse At Bosworth Field Richard III was killed and defeated and Henry Tudor, a descendant of the House of Lancaster, defeated the royal army and after the battle was crowned King Henry VII Henry united the rival houses of Lancaster and York by marrying Edward IV’s daughter Henry Tudor/ Henry VII ‘ 9. The Tudors The Tudors reigned 1485-1603 The Tudor period is known as the most glorious - the time of strong monarchy, reformation and strong British navy Henry VII Tudor : ended the War of the Roses married Elizabeth of York – united the families kept England out Wars, avoided quarrels made important alliances