provide background data on the prevalence of the aforementioned mental health disorders among UIs that is based on DSM-V or ICD-10 diagnosis are needed to inform decision-making and the provision of health services. Immigration-related risk factors Psychological distress has been identified as common to the undocumented experience with stressors varying across different stages of the immigration process (Garcini, et al., under review). Salient stressors identified as common among UIs include having a sense of failure related to the inability to succeed in the country of origin, as well as history of political/war trauma (Horton, 2009; Paris, 2008; Walter, Bourgois, & Loinaz, 2004). Dangerous border crossing, including exposure to environmental hazards, violence and extortion from immigration authorities and organized crime, witnessing death of others while crossing, and abandonment by border crossing guides or have also been identified as “coyotes,” salient stressors experienced in-transit (DeLuca, McEwen, & Keim, 2010; Infante, Idrovo, Sanchez-Dominguez, Vinhas, & Gonzalesz-Vazquez, 2012; McGuire & Georges, 2003; Paris, 2008). Additionally, multiple post-migration stressors are faced by UIs upon their arrival to the US, which often become chronic stressors over time. A salient contextual stressor often experienced among UIs is marginalization and isolation. This includes experiencing a restricted existence due to a limited social sphere of activity, isolation from the larger community, separation from family and friends, inability to travel internationally to visit family or during emergencies, and experiencing a sense of voicelessness, invisibility, and of all rights” (Abrego, 2006; Aroian, 1993; “loss
provide background data on the prevalence of the aforementioned mental health disorders among UIs that is based on DSM-V or ICD-10 diagnosis are needed to inform decision-making and the provision of health services. Immigration-related risk factors Psychological distress has been identified as common to the undocumented experience with stressors varying across different stages of the immigration process (Garcini, et al., under review). Salient stressors identified as common among UIs include having a sense of failure related to the inability to succeed in the country of origin, as well as history of political/war trauma (Horton, 2009; Paris, 2008; Walter, Bourgois, & Loinaz, 2004). Dangerous border crossing, including exposure to environmental hazards, violence and extortion from immigration authorities and organized crime, witnessing death of others while crossing, and abandonment by border crossing guides or “coyotes,” have also been identified as salient stressors experienced in-transit (DeLuca, McEwen, & Keim, 2010; Infante, Idrovo, Sanchez-Dominguez, Vinhas, & Gonzalesz-Vazquez, 2012; McGuire & Georges, 2003; Paris, 2008). Additionally, multiple post-migration stressors are faced by UIs upon their arrival to the US, which often become chronic stressors over time. A salient contextual stressor often experienced among UIs is marginalization and isolation. This includes experiencing a restricted existence due to a limited social sphere of activity, isolation from the larger community, separation from family and friends, inability to travel internationally to visit family or during emergencies, and experiencing a sense of voicelessness, invisibility, and “loss of all rights” (Abrego, 2006; Aroian, 1993;