microRNA-200a compared to patients with higher levels of this microRNA was an independent predictor for of NMIBC by multivariate analysis. The second significant study to report the use of urinary microRNA as a diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer following the publication of this study was conducted by Shimizu et al.. This comprehensive study like ours was undertaken in several phases. The authors first investigated the microRNA status in bladder cancer tissue treated with chemotherapeutic agents followed by the methylation status of several microRNAs in bladder cancer. To conclude, they finally assessed of the suitability of specific microRNAs which were methylated in urine samples to diagnose bladder cancer. Six-hundred and sixty-four microRNAs were screened for in bladder cancer treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA). It was discovered that 146 of them were up-regulated following this treatment. Using bladder cancer specimens and cell-lines the authors showed that 4 of the up-regulated microRNAs - microRNA-137, -124-2,124-3, and -9-3 were most frequently methylated. The final phase of the study assessed the methylation status of these 4 specific microRNAs in bladder cancer urine specimens. This enabled the detection of bladder cancer with a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 89% and an impressive AUC of 0.916.
microRNA-200a compared to patients with higher levels of this microRNA was an independent predictor for of NMIBC by multivariate analysis. The second significant study to report the use of urinary microRNA as a diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer following the publication of this study was conducted by Shimizu et al.. This comprehensive study like ours was undertaken in several phases. The authors first investigated the microRNA status in bladder cancer tissue treated with chemotherapeutic agents followed by the methylation status of several microRNAs in bladder cancer. To conclude, they finally assessed of the suitability of specific microRNAs which were methylated in urine samples to diagnose bladder cancer. Six-hundred and sixty-four microRNAs were screened for in bladder cancer treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA). It was discovered that 146 of them were up-regulated following this treatment. Using bladder cancer specimens and cell-lines the authors showed that 4 of the up-regulated microRNAs - microRNA-137, -124-2,124-3, and -9-3 were most frequently methylated. The final phase of the study assessed the methylation status of these 4 specific microRNAs in bladder cancer urine specimens. This enabled the detection of bladder cancer with a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 89% and an impressive AUC of 0.916.