1Includes irrigation according to production averages. 2Assumes a yield of 0.111 kg of soybean meal at a value of $0.212/kg, 0.028 kg of soy oil at a value of $0.441/kg, 0.20 kg of biodiesel at a value of $0.65/kg and 0.043 kg raw glycerin at a value of $0.66/kg. Table 3Less than 0.001 l/MJ. 2 – 4Note that Sheehan et al. used mass allocation instead of price allocation and thereby calculated an allocated energy usage of 0.313 MJ per MJ of biodiesel e produced. Water usage data is from Sheehan et al. (4) and prices are five year averages for from the US Department of Agriculture (1999-2003) (5) and the US soy Department of Energy (2000-2004) (6). Technology Key Specifications Data Sources - Once-through cooling Nuclear Electric (7,8) - National average - Recirculating Nuclear Electric (7,8) - National average - Once-through, sub-critical Coal Electric1 (8) - National average - Recirculating, sub-critical Coal Electric1 (8) - National average - Cooling pond, sub-critical Coal Electric1 (8) - National average - (SAGD) Steam Assisted Gravity (9) Tar Sands2 Drainage (10-11) - in situ Alberta, Canada – - 113 MW Biomass IGCC US – Biomass Electric3 (12) - Non-irrigated hybrid poplar - IGCC Biomass Electric4 (13) - Irrigated hybrid poplar Italy – - IGCC with various feedstocks Biomass Electric5 -Irrigated at a rate of 400 L/kg dry (14) biomass. - 250 MW plant Singapore – Petroleum Electric6 (15) - 25 yr. expected plant lifetime (16) Petroleum Diesel - Average data for US refining (4) - 1990 average US soy production Soy Biodiesel7 (16) (4) - 18.4% oil content
1Includes irrigation according to production averages. 2Assumes a yield of 0.111 kg of soybean meal at a value of $0.212/kg, 0.028 kg of soy oil at a value of $0.441/kg, 0.20 kg of biodiesel at a value of $0.65/kg and 0.043 kg raw glycerin at a value of $0.66/kg. 3Less than 0.001 l/MJ. 4Note that Sheehan et al. used mass allocation instead of price allocation and thereby calculated an allocated energy usage of 0.313 MJ per MJ of biodiesel produced. Water usage data is from Sheehan et al. (4) and prices are five year averages from the US Department of Agriculture (1999-2003) (5) and the US Department of Energy (2000-2004) (6). Table 2 – for soy Technology Key Specifications Data Sources Nuclear Electric - Once-through cooling - National average (7,8) Nuclear Electric - Recirculating - National average (7,8) Coal Electric1 - Once-through, sub-critical - National average (8) Coal Electric1 - Recirculating, sub-critical - National average (8) Coal Electric1 - Cooling pond, sub-critical - National average (8) Tar Sands2 - (SAGD) Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage - in situ – Alberta, Canada (9) (10-11) Biomass Electric3 - 113 MW Biomass IGCC – US - Non-irrigated hybrid poplar (12) Biomass Electric4 - IGCC - Irrigated hybrid poplar – Italy (13) Biomass Electric5 - IGCC with various feedstocks -Irrigated at a rate of 400 L/kg dry biomass. (14) Petroleum Electric6 - 250 MW plant – Singapore - 25 yr. expected plant lifetime (15) Petroleum Diesel - Average data for US refining (16) (4) Soy Biodiesel7 - 1990 average US soy production - 18.4% oil content (16) (4) e