agents & toxins for peaceful purposes.” Federal Noxious Although the Protection Act superseded & repealed Noxious weeds; Control on Weed Act of 1974 most of the Federal Noxious Weed Act, it left intact Section undesirable plant Federal lands. 15 (management of undesirable plants on Federal lands). species. Federal land Requires Federal land management agencies to develop & management establish a management program for control of undesirable agencies plants on federal lands under the agencies’ jurisdiction. Requires those agencies to coordinate management where similar programs are being implemented on state & private lands in the same area. Endangered Protects endangered species. When nonnative invasive Alien species posing Not specified. Species Act (1973) species threaten endangered species, this act could be used as a danger to NMFS basis for their eradication. endangered species. National Requires federal government agencies to consider the Nonnative species Intentional Environmental environmental effects of actions through preparation of posing harm to the introductions Policy Act (1970) environmental impact statements (or environmental environment. related to major All assessments to determine whether a full EIS is required). federal actions. Effects of nonnative species, if harmful to the environment, must be included in the EIS. International Plant Applies primarily to quarantine pests in international trade. Pests of plants or places, “Storage Protection Creates an international regime to prevent spread & plant products: conveyances, “any Convention (1952) introduction of plant & plant product pests premised on form of plant or containers and exchange of phytosanitary certificates between importing & animal life, or any any other object exporting countries’ national plant protection offices. Parties pathogenic agent, or material have national plant protection organizations established injurious or capable of according to the Convention with authority in relation to potentially injurious harboring or quarantine control, risk analysis & other measures required to to plants or plant spreading plant prevent the establishment & spread of all invasive alien products” pests, especially species that, directly or indirectly, are pests of plants. Parties Quarantine pests where agree to cooperate on information exchange & on the involved with international development of International Standards for Phytosanitary international trade: transportation is Measures. of potential involved.” “pest national economic
agents & toxins for peaceful purposes.” Federal land management agencies Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974 Although the Protection Act superseded & repealed most of the Federal Noxious Weed Act, it left intact Section 15 (management of undesirable plants on Federal lands). Requires Federal land management agencies to develop & establish a management program for control of undesirable plants on federal lands under the agencies’ jurisdiction. Requires those agencies to coordinate management where similar programs are being implemented on state & private lands in the same area. Noxious weeds; undesirable plant species. Control on Federal lands. NMFS Endangered Species Act (1973) Protects endangered species. When nonnative invasive species threaten endangered species, this act could be used as basis for their eradication. Alien species posing a danger to endangered species. Not specified. All National Environmental Policy Act (1970) Requires federal government agencies to consider the environmental effects of actions through preparation of environmental impact statements (or environmental assessments to determine whether a full EIS is required). Effects of nonnative species, if harmful to the environment, must be included in the EIS. Nonnative species posing harm to the environment. Intentional introductions related to major federal actions. International Plant Protection Convention (1952) Applies primarily to quarantine pests in international trade. Creates an international regime to prevent spread & introduction of plant & plant product pests premised on exchange of phytosanitary certificates between importing & exporting countries’ national plant protection offices. Parties have national plant protection organizations established according to the Convention with authority in relation to quarantine control, risk analysis & other measures required to prevent the establishment & spread of all invasive alien species that, directly or indirectly, are pests of plants. Parties agree to cooperate on information exchange & on the development of International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures. Pests of plants or plant products: “any form of plant or animal life, or any pathogenic agent, injurious or potentially injurious to plants or plant products” Quarantine pests involved with international trade: “pest of potential national economic “Storage places, conveyances, containers and any other object or material capable of harboring or spreading plant pests, especially where international transportation is involved.”