machines were invented to cut the passengers. Stage coaches were coal but were not greatly used often attacked by “Highwaymen”. before 1930 electricity used later for lighting, Canals conveyor belts, winding machines Huge sums of money were invested made the work easier and safer in developing a canal network after – fans installed pumped fresh air the Bridgewater Canal opened in into the mine. 1761. They were hugely important in the growth of industry during the first Government intervention 75 years of the industrial revolution. People were shocked when they Why were canals built? found out about the awful conditions roads were inadequate in the mines especially for children. for moving heavy goods. Following on laws to protect child Although surfaces were factory workers the Government better after the brought in the Mines Act of 1842 introduction of toll which stopped women and children roads (turnpikes) it took working underground. Many other big teams of horses to Acts were later passed providing for pull a single goods inspectors to check on safety in mines wagon. These horses and reducing the working day for had to be changed miners. After 1870 children had to go frequently so could not to school so could no longer work make long journeys. A anywhere in mines. canal boat could be pulled by a single horse Conclusion: how far did coal mining change by 1900? and carry ten times the Coal mining changed quite a lot but amount of goods and was still an unpleasant, difficult job in more. (Note canals – 1900. were still very slow, but New machinery was making life fine for goods that did easier for the miners but British pit not need to move owners were reluctant to invest and quickly eg coal) the old methods continued to be Roads were slow and used. dangerous (highwaymen) for Industrial Change: Transport passengers. The industrial revolution had a Stagecoaches needed massive effect on transport in Britain. several teams of horses As industry developed it needed which needed to be better transport links because the roads were inadequate for moving changed at each staging heavy goods. Although they were inn along the way. So it better after the introduction of toll was very expensive and roads (tolls paid for improvements most long journeys took like tarmac surfaces developed by several days. It was also John Macadam), roads were still uncomfortable as limited in what they could transport. coaches would lurch They were dangerous, too, for
machines were invented to cut the coal but were not greatly used before 1930 electricity used later for lighting, conveyor belts, winding machines – made the work easier and safer fans installed pumped fresh air into the mine. Government intervention People were shocked when they found out about the awful conditions in the mines especially for children. Following on laws to protect child factory workers the Government brought in the Mines Act of 1842 which stopped women and children working underground. Many other Acts were later passed providing for inspectors to check on safety in mines and reducing the working day for miners. After 1870 children had to go to school so could no longer work anywhere in mines. Conclusion: how far did coal mining change by 1900? Coal mining changed quite a lot but was still an unpleasant, difficult job in 1900. New machinery was making life easier for the miners but British pit owners were reluctant to invest and the old methods continued to be used. Industrial Change: Transport The industrial revolution had a massive effect on transport in Britain. As industry developed it needed better transport links because the roads were inadequate for moving heavy goods. Although they were better after the introduction of toll roads (tolls paid for improvements like tarmac surfaces developed by John Macadam), roads were still limited in what they could transport. They were dangerous, too, for passengers. Stage coaches were often attacked by “Highwaymen”. Canals Huge sums of money were invested in developing a canal network after the Bridgewater Canal opened in 1761. They were hugely important in the growth of industry during the first 75 years of the industrial revolution. Why were canals built? roads were inadequate for moving heavy goods. Although surfaces were better after the introduction of toll roads (turnpikes) it took big teams of horses to pull a single goods wagon. These horses had to be changed frequently so could not make long journeys. A canal boat could be pulled by a single horse and carry ten times the amount of goods and more. (Note – canals were still very slow, but fine for goods that did not need to move quickly eg coal) Roads were slow and dangerous (highwaymen) for passengers. Stagecoaches needed several teams of horses which needed to be changed at each staging inn along the way. So it was very expensive and most long journeys took several days. It was also uncomfortable as coaches would lurch