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#### 美国金融业监管局简介

美国金融业监管局（TheFinancialIndustryRegulatoryAuthority，简称FINRA）是美国最大的非政府的证券业自律监管机构，于2007年7月30日由美国证券商协会（NASD）与纽约证券交易所中有关会员监管、执行和仲裁的部门合并而成，它主要负责证券交易商于柜台交易市场的行为，以及投资银行的运作，监管对象主要包括5100家经纪公司、17.3万家分公司和66.5万名注册证券代表。其核心目标是加强投资者保护和市场诚信建设，通过高效监管，辅以技术服务，实现此目标。
FINRA将投资者教育作为投资者保护的最佳形式。FINRA采取媒体宣传和召开研讨会等多种形式，帮助投资者了解金融知识，熟悉基础的投资工具。此外，FINRA接手原“NASD投资者教育基金”，更名为“FINRA投资者教育基金”，资助投资者教育研发及培训项目。
IntheUnitedStates,theFinancialIndustryRegulatoryAuthority(FINRA)isaself-regulatoryorganization(SRO)undertheSecuritiesExchangeActof1934,successortotheNationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealers,Inc.(NASD).
FINRAisresponsibleforregulatoryoversightofallsecuritiesfirmsthatdobusinesswiththepublic;professionaltraining,testingandlicensingofregisteredpersons;arbitrationandmediation;marketregulationbycontractforTheNASDAQStockMarket,Inc.,theAmericanStockExchangeLLC,andtheInternationalSecuritiesExchange,LLC;andindustryutilities,suchasTradeReportingFacilitiesandotherover-the-counteroperations.
FINRAwasformedbyaconsolidationoftheenforcementarmoftheNewYorkStockExchange,NYSERegulation,Inc.,andtheNASD.ThemergerwasapprovedbytheUnitedStatesSecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC)onJuly26,2007.
TheopinionofNASDisthattheregulatoryconsolidationwill"increaseefficient,effective,andconsistentregulationofsecuritiesfirms,providecostsavingstosecuritiesfirmsofallsizes,andstrengtheninvestorprotectionandmarketintegrity."AccordingtoNASD,additionalbenefitsareto"streamlinethebroker-dealerregulatorysystem,combinetechnologies,andpermittheestablishmentofasinglesetofrulesandasinglesetofexaminerswithcomplementaryareasofexpertisewithinasingleSRO."
Withrespecttotheregulatoryagencymerger,SECChairmanChrisCoxsaid,"TheconsolidationofNASD'sandNYSE'smemberfirmregulatoryfunctionsisanimportantsteptowardmakingourself-regulatorysystemnotonlymoreefficient,butmoreeffectiveinprotectinginvestors.TheCommissionwillworkcloselywithFINRAtoeliminateunnecessarilyduplicativeregulation,includingconsolidatingandstrengtheningwhatuntilhavenowbeentwodifferentmemberrulebooksandtwodifferentenforcementsystems."#### History

TheNASDwasfoundedin1939,inresponsetothe1938MaloneyActamendmentstotheSecuritiesExchangeActof1934.In1971,NASDlaunchedanewcomputerizedstocktradingsystemcalledtheNationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersAutomatedQuotations(NASDAQ)stockmarket.TheNASDAQandAMEXstockexchangesmergedin1998.Twoyearslater,theNASDAQunderwentamajorrecapitalizationandbecameanindependententityfromNASD.InJuly2007,theSECapprovedtheformationofanewSROtobeasuccessortoNASD.TheNASDandthememberregulation,enforcementandarbitrationfunctionsoftheNewYorkStockExchangewerethenconsolidatedintothenewlycreatedFinancialIndustryRegulatoryAuthority(FINRA).SeeSECReleaseNo.34-56145