The vision of the pastoral garden with its rustic hut surrounded by a bamboo fence thus came to compete with that of the royal garden and its grand palaces. Later on, even the gardens of the Manchurian imperial household brimmed with the literati ethos, and the scene of the pastoral retreat became an indispensable element.
後來連滿清皇家園林也充滿了文人氣息，更少不了田園景緻。