Because training students required large expenditures of time and money, the students had to sign contracts that committed them to work for the company for a certain period of time. But there was also a special source of labor with a higher return on investment: kinfolk. The Ming Hwa Yuan Taiwanese Opera Company was particularly famous for making good use of that resource.
由於戲班訓練演員必須花費相當多的財力與心血，因此新入團的演員需和戲團簽約，契約期滿才能離開。