<s>[INST] Memorization is a useful tool for learners to quickly build their knowledge portfolio. However, as illustrated by Ebbinghaus’s Forgetting Curve, information retained solely through memorization often displays a rapid decline in recall with time. Thus, learning focused on the development of deeper understanding and context using the workhorse process of elaboration can yield longer-term retention and richer recall.

The primary tool for knowledge retention over the long-term is the ability to create context or narrative around the learned information. The context can be a story, a concept, structure, or relationship that gives meaning to information. (elaboration) Elaboration is a prime method to build context as it relates new information to prior knowledge and experiences. This allows learners to create relationships between new information and existing knowledge or experiences. This narrative context can even capture information as mundane as data points or lists, rendering even the driest information more memorable.

Learners can use multiple strategies to elaborate on new information: (1) self-questioning, (2) summarizing, (3) generating examples, (4) creating concept maps, and (5) identifying analogies. Each of these tools can be used to connect new information to the learner’s existing knowledge base, thus creating context and promoting deeper understanding. While repetition and memorization may be helpful in remembering facts, learners should instead focus on creating context and meaning through elaboration to achieve better retention and recall.

Which of the following methods of elaboration are discouraged in this passage?[/INST]