<s>[INST] The Appomattox Court House: A Study Analysis contains five parts. Part III begins with "On April 9, 1865,zenia Confederate General Robert E.Lee admitted defeat, signing his surrender to Union General Ulysses S. Grant." 
In analyzing this event, a historian associated the following, respectively, with the Surrender: 
(a) Rational decision 
(b) His country’s demands 

His colleague correctly countered, though, by pointing out "that makes reasoning about this historical event equivalent to viewing all decisions as rational and directly calculable along means-end rationality. The ‘Reason/Act’ Reason is used to guide action. Our critical concerns should be broadening the scope of historical study. Events today are influenced by our past." 
The colleague argues that the surrender happened as a result of many factors, but specifically mentions: 
His attitude and stance taken sometime prior to the final encounter with the defeat. 

Which of the following best corresponds with the historian’s colleague’s response?[/INST]