Copper ions were implanted into a AISI420 martensitic stainless steel (SS) by metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) with a dose range 0.2 ×1017 ～5.0×1017 cm-2 at the energy of 100keV. The Cu-implanted stainless steel was treated by a special antibacterial treatment subsequently. The phase compositions in the implanted layer were studied by glancing X-ray diffraction (GXRD) and changes of bacterial appearance on the surface of Cu un-implanted SS and Cu-implanted SS with antibacterial treatment SS were observed by bio-TEM (transmission electron microscopy) separately. The results showed that a suitable amount of Cu-rich phase was dispersed in the implanted layer of Cu-implanted SS that was treated by special antibacterial treatment. So the Cu-implanted martensitic stainless steel with antibacterial treatment reveals excellent antibacterial property against both E. coli and S. aureus.