In some countries, law enforcement uses race to profile suspects. This use of racial categories is frequently criticized for perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation, and promoting stereotypes. Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratification, for social scientists studying social inequality, race can be a significant variable. As sociological factors, racial categories may in part reflect subjective attributions, self-identities, and social institutions.
What may in part reflect subjective attributes, self-identities and social institutions?
sociological factors
The given context states that racial categories may in part reflect subjective attributions, self-identities, and social institutions. This is true for sociological factors as well; they are a reflection of the society we live in and are shaped by our surroundings.
So the answer to this question can be extracted from the following line: "As sociological factors...".