McHenry v. Alfore
This case comes here on a certificate from the United States circuit court of appeals for the Eighth circuit, and that court certifies several questions concerning which it desires the instruction of this court for the proper decision of the cause. These questions are founded, among other papers, upon the bill of complaint which forms part of the record herein. It appears that the bill was filed by the complainants' predecessors (who were receivers of the property of the Northern Pacific Railroad Company) on the 22d day of March, 1894, in the district court of the Fourth judicial district of North Dakota, sitting for the county of Richland, in that state. It was filed, among other things, for the purpose of obtaining a decree adjudging that certain alleged and pretended and attempted assessments, under state authority, were null and void, and that all certificates and deeds executed by virtue of such assessments were void, and constituted clouds upon the title to the lands described therein, and which were alleged to be owned by the corporation of which the plaintiffs were receivers. Some of the individual defendants named in the bill were alleged to have purchased, at a tax sale under the assessments, separate portions of the property of the company situated in Richland county, and to have received certificates or deeds from the county officials purporting to convey to each of them certain portions of such property. Upon a petition of one of the individual defendants, named Sumner R. Clark, alleging diverse citizenship between the parties and the existence of a separate controversy between the petitioner and the complainants, a removal of the cause to the United States circuit court for the district of North Dakota was prayed for; and on the 5th of September, 1894, the court granted the petition, and made an order for the removal of the cause. Upon a trial of the issues joined in the case, the circuit court of the United States for the district of North Dakota dismissed the complainants' bill, and the complainants thereupon appealed to the United States circuit court of appeals for the Eighth circuit.

It appears from the complainants' bill that the Northern Pacific Railroad Company was a corporation created and existing by virtue of an act of congress approved July 2, 1864, entitled 'An act granting lands to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from Lake Superior to Puget Sound, on the Pacific Coast, by the Northern route.' The third section of that act, for the purpose of aiding in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line to the Pacific Coast, granted to the railroad company, its successors and assigns, certain portions of the public lands, as mentioned in the section. Pursuant to the provisions of the act, and prior to the year 1888, the company had definitely fixed the line of its railroad, and prior to that year had constructed and put in operation a continuous line of railroad and telegraph, extending from the waters of Lake Superior westerly, and through the territory of North Dakota, to the waters of Puget Sound; and prior to and during the year 1888 many thousand acres of land in North Dakota were owned by the railroad company, under the land grant above mentioned, although patents for a portion of the same were not issued until June 24, 1893, and for another portion not until June 18, 1894. (No question is made by the complainants herein that the lands owned by the company were not taxable in 1888, on account of the fact that the company had not then received patents from the United States therefor.)

On the 31st of May, 1870, congress adopted a resolution authorizing the company to issue bonds for the construction of its road, and to secure the same by mortgages on its property of all kinds and description, real, personal, and mixed, including its franchises as a corporation. Under that resolution, the company executed, at different times, several mortgages to secure the payment of a hundred millions or more of bonds issued to aid in the construction of the road, and these mortgages covered all the property of the company, including the lands granted to it by the United States under the act of 1864.

In 1893 the company was insolvent, and unable to meet the interest upon its bonds or to pay its other indebtedness, and in that year suits were duly commenced against it by creditors to recover the amount of its indebtedness, and also, by the trustee mortgagee, to foreclose the mortgages, in which suit receivers were appointed, and the complainants are their successors.

On March 9, 1883, the legislature of the territory enacted a statute entitled 'An act to provide for the levy and collection of taxes upon railroad property of railroad companies in this territory,' the first and fifth sections of which are set forth in the margin.  This act was repealed by chapter 105 of the Laws of 1889.

Subsequently, and on the 7th day of March, 1889, the legislature of the territory passed another act, entitled 'An act for the levy and collection of taxes upon property of railroad companies in this territory.'

Section 7 of the act of 1889 is set forth in the margin. 

The Northern Pacific Railroad Company, within 30 days after the passage of the act of 1889, duly accepted its provisions, and within 30 days from that date paid into the treasury of the territory the entire amount of taxes and interest theretofore claimed by the territory as due and remaining unpaid to it from the company on local and interstate earnings under the act of 1883, excepting that the second half of the sum due from the company to the territory for the taxes of 1888, according to the provisions of the act of i883, was not paid to and received by the treasurer of the territory until August 15, 1889. The whole tax for 1888, under the act of 1883, amounted to nearly $100,000, while for all the years in which the company was in arrear under the act of 1883 (including the year 1888) the amount paid was nearly $200,000.

In the year 1888 the usual proceedings were taken by the officials of Richland county to assess all the property in the county under the general assessment laws of the territory, and in such assessment the land-grant lands of the railroad company were included (regardless of the act of 1883); and thereafter, in due course, the taxes thus levied, not having been paid by the company, the treasurer of the county, on the 4th day of November, 1889, attempted and pretended to sell many parcels of land belonging to the railroad company, and being in the county already mentioned, for the purpose of collecting the taxes unpaid thereon; and, no redemptions of the lands having been made, the county treasurer executed to the persons who purchased the lands or their assignees (some of whom are defendants in this suit) deeds purporting to convey the lands so sold to tuch persons, and these deeds are alleged to be invalid, but still a cloud upon the title of the company to the lands described therein.

The bill also sets forth a great many different alleged errors, irregularities, and omissions on the part of the taxing authorities in taking proceedings to levy the taxes, by reason of which, as alleged, the taxation of the property of the company was illegal, and the deeds were null and void.

A joint and several demurrer and answer to the bill was served upon the part of the defendants, taking issue  pon some of the allegations of fact in the bill, and demurring to other parts thereor; but a sufficient statement of the case has already been made to lead to a proper understanding of the questions hereinafter discussed.

C. W. Bunn, for appellants.

Edgar W. Camp, for appellees.

Mr. Justice PECKHAM, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the court. 

Notes

Sec. 7. Any railroad company which at the date of the passage of this act owns or is engaged in operating any line or line of railroad in this territory, may at any time within thirty days after the passage of this act, by resolution of its board of directors, attested by its secretary, and filed with the secretary of the territory, accept and become subject to the provisions of this act, and provided that any railroad company which is now

in arrears in the payment of taxes assessed under chapter 99 of the Laws of 1883, shall, within thirty days after the passage of this act, pay into the territorial treasury the full amount of the taxes and interest due under the assessments under said law of 1883 before they can avail themselves of the provisions of this act, by accepting its terms, including taxes on both territorial and interstate earnings. It is further expressly provided that any company failing to strictly comply with the provisions of this act within the term herein provided shall be immediately subject to assessment and taxation in the manner provided for the assessment and the taxation of the property of individuals of this territory, and said taxes shall be collected in the same manner as is now provided in cases of the property of individuals. Any company which has not complied with the provisions of chapter 99 of the Session Laws of 1883 by paying all taxes claimed on gross earnings, both territorial and interstate, or by filing an account of gross earnings, both territorial and interstate, shall prepare and file such account in the manner therein provided within thirty days from the passage hereof, and pay one-half of the entire amount d e under the agreement and acceptance herein referred to, for the current year, and also the entire amount of taxes heretofore claimed by the territory on local and interstate earnings of such companies, but remaining unpaid at the time of filing said account, and within thirty days after the passage of this act, or the same shall not apply to such company or companies. The balance of aid taxes due for the current year shall be paid to the territorial treasurer on of before the fifteenth day of August, 1889.
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