قوسطنطنیه
قوسطنطنیه، ایستانبول شهرینین اسکی آدیدیر. بو آد بیزانس و روما ایمراطورلوغوندا بو آدنان تانیلمیش قسطنطنیه اصل ده روما ایمراطوری کنستانتینین آدینان دیر.

قایناقلار

کیتاب تانیتیمی

 Ball, Warwick (2016). Rome in the East: Transformation of an Empire, 2nd edition. London & New York: Routledge, .
 
 
 Emerson, Charles. 1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War (2013) compares Constantinople to 20 major world cities; pp 358–80.
 
 
 
 
 
  online review
 
 
 
 Ibrahim, Raymond (2018). Sword and Scimitar, 1st edition. New York, .
 
 Korolija Fontana-Giusti, Gordana 'The Urban Language of Early Constantinople: The Changing Roles of the Arts and Architecture in the Formation of the New Capital and the New Consciousness' in Intercultural Transmission in the Medieval Mediterranean, (2012), Stephanie L. Hathaway and David W. Kim (eds), London: Continuum, pp 164–202. .
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Yule, Henry (1915). Henri Cordier (ed.), Cathay and the Way Thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Vol I: Preliminary Essay on the Intercourse Between China and the Western Nations Previous to the Discovery of the Cape Route. London: Hakluyt Society. Accessed 21 September 2016.

ائشیک باغلانتیلار 

 Constantinople, from History of the Later Roman Empire, by J.B. Bury
 History of Constantinople from the "New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia."
 Monuments of Byzantium – Pantokrator Monastery of Constantinople
 Constantinoupolis on the web Select internet resources on the history and culture
 Info on the name change from the Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture
 , documenting the monuments of Byzantine Constantinople
 Byzantium 1200, a project aimed at creating computer reconstructions of the Byzantine monuments located in Istanbul in 1200 AD.
 Constantine and Constantinople  How and why Constantinople was founded
 Hagia Sophia Mosaics The Deesis and other Mosaics of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople

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