Bahamas


The Bahamas, Commonwealth of the Bahamas (巴哈馬國)

Pahama a kitakit (巴哈馬國)

Takaray a sowal (概要) 
Itiraay i katimol no Amirika, misi’ayaway to Tasiyang a Lukaya kanatanatal (Ikiris a sowal: Lucayan Archipelago) a kanatalan a kitakit, mapapolong to 700 ko kanatal (masa’osi ko mamangay a kanatal) ato rakarakaan. O kaitiraan i, ikatimol no sakawali no Fororita rakarakaan (Ikiris a sowal: State of Florida) a kanatal no Amirika, ika’amisay no Kupa kitakit (Sipanya a sowal: República de Cuba, kalopangangan: Cuba), ato Isponiawra Kanatal (Tominika kitakit ato Haiti kitakit), isaka’amisay no sawalian no Tokokay kanatanatal (Ikiris a sowal: Turks and Caicos Islands; Sipanya a sowal: Isla de La Española), ona kanatal a kitakit sahetoay itiraay i Paymuta Toloay Coco’.[1] (Ikiris a sowal: Bermuda Triangle, mapangangan ho to no Akuma a Toloay Coco’). To hatiniay to lafin, ona Toloay a Coco’ hananay i, o Toloay Coco’ a masacepo’ay Kanatal hananay a mararaw ko pananga. Nawhani, ona pala away ko ’alo nanicoway ira ko cepao’. Matomes to ko kararaw i, oyanan to sanay ko tamdaw. 

O syoto tatapangan a tokai Naso (Ikiris a sowal: Nassau) itiraay i Niw Porowitens Kanatal, o tamdaw nona kitakit sahetoay itini i lawac no Naso syoto a maro’; o pisalaan no lafang ato kakafalican to payso o sakakaay a sapili’etan a demak no Pahama.

Rikisi (歷史) 
O itiraay i Pahama a kanatanatalan a Yincumin i, o Lukoyang Yincumin, itiya i 1492 miheca saka 10 folad saka 12 romi’ad misakilikilim ci Kolompo to maamaan itini to kanatal a maengeng ningra ko maro’ay tona kanatal a tamdaw. O sowal i, itiya ho macakatay ci Kalompo i Sei Sarwator kanatal sanay. Nikawrira, cakacifaloco’ ko Sipangya tona kanatal, ’edeng o pikalop a miala to itiniay a tamdaw a mamalakoli, orasaka, pacekok sato ko karowan no tamdaw.

1648 miheca, ira ko nani Paymuta Toloay Coco’ a Ikiris a masafelaway tamdaw pahicera tona kanatal, nikawrira, cowa ka cifaloco’ to sakamaro’aw itini, tado hanto no kokong no riyar a pilimekan, o Sipanya a tamdaw i, cilacila a tayni mi’afas to dafong, onini ko sakacaay ka cemahad kona kanatal.

Itiya sato i ikor no kalahecian no Amirika a milolol to sapisikedaw, ira ko papinapina to ci’icelay a miti’er to Ikiris a tamdaw milaliw nani Amirika tayni i Pahama Kanatanatalan a milimek, cangra to ko palowaday to sakacakat no Pahama, pamatang a misanga’ to pipaloman to takomod a omah. 

Ikalaloodan no Amirika yo matatoker ko ka’amisay ato kakimolay, ona kanatal o kaheceraan no sapi’eteng to mitakaway a micolo’ to maamaan a dafon a tamina. Ikor tono kalahecian no Sakatosa a Lalood no Hekal nga’ satapang sanay to ko pisalamaan no lafang a tayal o sakacemahad nona kitakit. 

1964 miheca haien no Ikiris ko niyahpikowan no Pahama, 1973 miheca siiked sato a mala Pahama Kitakit.[1]

Kicai (經濟) 
Itini i taliyok no Cialepi a Riyar (Ikiris a sowal: Caribbean Sea) o sakakaay ko karahoday no ’orip no Pahama a tamdaw, o lalen a ’etan no polong a ilalomaay a tamdaw o sakakaay itini i Amirikan a 

, mitooray to Amirika ato Kanata ko kacipayso no Pahama a tamdaw. O pisalaan no lafang ato kakafalican to payso a demak i, o sakakaay a sapili’etan a tayal no Pahama, o padangay to tayal no tamona a demak o sakakaay a tayal itini. Tona mihecahecaan mipasadak ko sifo no Pahama to kasasiromaroma a sapili’etan a faco, sa’icel sa a mitahidang to mamipakafo to payso, sacecay sa ko pisa’icel to sapicemahadaw to misang’ay to kikai ato maohay, ona pisa’icel i, iraay to a maengeng ko kalaheci.[2] Nikawrira, i 2019 miheca saka 9 fola, talikeda to satata’angay a faliyos, onan "Tolian" a faliyos awaay ho nano litengan, orasak masipon to 70 ok no Amirika a payso. 2020 miheca tarikeda to Kofit-Naytin (COVID-19) a lifong, malahedaw ko taniay a misalama a lafang, matongal ko kalahedaw no pili’etanan a tayal.

Adihay ko kinairaira no riyar, ira ko kasolin simal, ira ko kaso no palapalaan ato cinah. O kakaomahan a sota’ tada manikaway, caay ka hakowa ko kalonanom, orasaka o kinaira no omah cowa ka hakowa.

Iraay ko mamamamangay a misang’ay to lalosidan: misakilangay, masang’ay to tamina, misanga’ay to kaka’enen ato nananomen, misanga’ay to ’epah, nakamayaman a tadamaanay dafong, misanga’ay to sapa’iyo. Oninian a misanga’ay to maamaan a dafong i, sahetoay masaopo i etal no naifaloco’ay a malali’acaan. O sapicemahadaw to masamaamaanay a katayalan, pa’icel a somowal ko Pahama a sifo to sapipatireng to ma’edengay a katayan, painien no sifo to sapa’icel a payso.

Tadamaforokay a sera ko Pahama, orasaka caay ka nga’ay ko liomah, hato pasamo sanay a paloma to mamang a dateng ato losay, o nipalomaan i, o’edengan o tefos, tomato, pawli, ’alilay, saytaw ato kalitang. O kaka’enen i, sahetoay o mi’acaan nani roma a kitakit, mahaop ko 80%. Ira ko mamang a dateng ato mami’ mipasadakan a paliwal, o titi ma’edengay kono niyah a kaka’enen. Onini ko sakapipa’ading no Pahama sifo to liomah ato losay.

O riyariyaran no Pahama i, o cecay no tadamaanay a pifotingan no polong a kitakit, o sakakaay a maalaay i, o ’afar no riyar, cekiw, kaciki a foting ato fowa, ilaloma’ nonini i, o ’afar no riyar mahaop ko 60% no polong a maalaay nani riyar.

Sici (政治) 
O Hontian a kitakit ko Pahama, tosay ko Pikaykian no Kitakit, o sarawa’an no kitakit i, ci Ilicapid II (Ikiris a sowal: Elizabeth II; Holam a sowal: 伊麗莎白二世). Ona ci Ilicapid i, o honti no Ikiris, itira sanay i Ikiris ko aro’ nira, toro’ hananay to ko Conto a mikowakowan to Pahama. Orasak, o Kakeridan no sifo i, o Conto, o tatapangan no sifo i, o congli. 

Mapatirengay ko sakakaay a pisawkitan, pipacolian a pisawkitan ato i sakowananay a pisawkitan, misawkit to kalofangfang, ano caka laheci ko pisawkit i, o SumiYin no Ikiris (Ikiris a sowal: Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council) to ko mamiketon to sawkit.

O kasasiiked a sakowan (行政區劃) 
Itini i pahama ira ko 31 ko kasasilsil no etal, 19 ko kanatal, itini i ngata no Nasaw syoto a Sinpolowisten, Tata’angay a Pahama, Antoros, Apako, Iliwsayla a kanatalan iraay ko misarocoday a matayalay.

Tamdaw (人口) 
I 2010 miheca a pisa’osi to tamdaw ira ko 351,461 ko ka’aloman no tamdaw, sahetoay o cilamlamay a teloc no Yoropa ato Afrika a tamdaw. Sahetoay a masaopo i Sinpolowisten kanatal.

kaitiraan (地理位置) 
Itini i 24 15 N, 76 00 W, noNotimolan Amilika ko Bahamas Polong no sekalay i 13,880 sq km “saka 161 ko rayray no ngangan.”

“O sekalay no sera i, 10,010 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 3,870 sq km” 
Polong i 327,316 ko tamdaw. siyoto: O Nasaw (Nassau) ko Siyoto. katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad (國家紀念日)
Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakapito 10 a romi’ad.

O Sawara’an no kitakit (國家) anini i ci Ilicapid II (Elizabeth II), patirengan a romi’ad i 1952 a miheca saka 2 folad saka 6 a romi’ad.

Kakayaran (氣候) 
O kakayaran no Pahama sahetoay o sa’emelay ato lafa’efaay, o Pihwikuisin (Ikiris a sowal: Tropic of Cancer, Holam a sowal: 北回歸線）mita’eselay i sasifo’an nona kanatanatal. 

Ano latek ira ko kacifrangan a tata’angay a fali ato faliyos a tayni, 1992 miheca o Antoli (Andrew) a faliyos falesiw han nira ko saka’amisan nona kanatal, 1999 kiheca o Foroito (Floyd) masapeti’ nira ko sakawalian nona kanatal, 2019 miheca o Tolian a faliyos palahorac han kopilefek tona kanatal, o cikay no fali cecay a widi ira ko 295 km, o pacekokay a cikay no fali i 354km ko cecay a toki, o iraay ma’osaw i tilid a mirecepay a misiwar to ’orip no Tata’angay a Pahama ato Tata’angay Apako kanatal.

sera (土地) 
Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahan a sera i,mahop ko 1.40%, Malo no kilakilangan a sera i, mahaop ko 51.40%, malo no roma to a sera i, mahaop 47.20%.

Tahapinangan a Tilid (參考文獻) 
[1] 關于巴哈马 > 国家简介. 巴哈馬駐華大使館.

[2] 巴哈馬国家概况. 中加經貿論壇.

Pikafitan i Papotal (外部連接) 
 [http: //www.cia.gov/ CIA]
 [http: //www.mofa.gov.tw/default.html 外交部]
 [https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government List of current heads of state and government]
巴哈馬政府官方網站：Bahamas Government Official Websi
巴哈馬旅遊局：Bahamas Ministry of Tourism
巴哈馬旅遊信息：Travel to The Bahamas
巴哈馬憲法：The Bahamas Constitution 

Pasawalian 'Amis