El Salvador


Sarwato Kapolongan-Kitakit(薩爾瓦多共和國;Sipanya a sowal:República de El Salvador; o kalopitahidang 薩爾瓦多). 
O itiraay i sala’amis no Sifo’ay-Amirika, dengan o caay ka pingata to Tasiyang(大西洋; Atlantic Ocean), o kakahad no pala ira ko 21,393km².I saka’amisan madado’edoay ato Kuwatimala, i ka’amis no sakawali malafiyaw ato Hongtors, i saka’etp misi’ayaw to Taypinyang(太平洋;Pacific Ocean),katimol no sakawalian mingataay to Fongsayka-Kihaw(豐塞卡灣;Golfo de Fonseca).

O syoto tatapangan niyaro’ o Sie-Sarwato(聖薩爾瓦多;San Salvador). 1821 miheca saka 9 folad saka 15 romi’ad miliyas to Sipanya misiiked patireng to kitakit.nani ska 19 sici kaleponan tahira i sasifo’an no saka 20 sici, kinapinapina to marawraw to sieci ato saka’orip, awa ko tolas no nipifelih no no sofitay to sifo ato paitekeday pikowan, saso’eli’elin sa to ko lalood i laloma’ nona kitakit i 1979 miheca tahira i 1992 miheca, ona lalood i o sofitay no sifo ato Pacarcaray-Sofitay ko malalooday, i 1992 miheca matatilid kona tosa a kapot no sofitay to “ Caportopiko-Sakarihaday Kakaketonan” ta malasawad kona lalood. Ono kakaketonan mikapotay ko kasasiromaroma a kasafelaw no tamdaw, orasak, manga’ay ko pipatireng to pairikecay a kapolongan kitakit tahanini.

O Sarwato a kitakit i,o sa’ayaway a mihayi ko sifo to Pito-Payso(比特幣; Bitcoin) ato Tekedan-Fangko Payso(加密貨幣;Cryptocurrency).

Nangan no kitakit(國名) 
Itini I sowal no Sipanya o “Sarwato” hahanay a sowal “El Salvador” a imi i,o “mipa’oripay” sanay. 1524 miheca, o micowatay a tamdaw no Sipanya ci Pitoro-Ro-Arwalato(佩德羅·德·阿爾瓦拉多; Sipanya a sowal:Pedro de Alvarado), latek itiraay i 1485~1541 miheca saka 7 folad saka 4 romi’ad micowat to pala no tao malaconto no Kuwatimala. Mikapot cingra to picowat to Kupa, Kuwatimala, Mosiko, ato Miro. Yo micowat a mi’eco to Mosiko i,tada ma’edes ko pipatay to yincumin.1 pacimil han to a pangangan to cidal anoca o kahengangay cidal. Ira ko roma a sowal kahengangay ko fokes ningra ko kacicimil ningra. O so’elinay a sowal i,adihayay tato ko nipatayan ningra to tamdaw ko kacicimil sanay.

Rikisi(歷史) 

I 1524 miheca malonikowanan no Sipanya kona kitakit, 1821 miheca saka 9 folad saka15 romi’ad milekal to pisiiked a patireng to kitakit, to ikor malanikowana pala no Mosiko Hontia-Kitakit ko pecih nona kitakit, 1822 miheca katekop kona Hontian-Kitakit, mikapot ko Sarwato i Sifo’ay-Amirika a Nipatekoan-Kitakit. 1838 miheca matekop ko Sifo’ay-Amirika a Nipatekoan-Kitakit, ikor to nonini i,1841 miheca saka 2 folad saka18 romi’ad milekal to patireng to Kapolongan Kitakit.

Yo malengat ko Lalomaan-Lalood no Kitakit i 1980~1992 miheca, o sofitay no sifpo ato Pacarcaray-Sofitay a lalood konini, ira ko 7.5 ’ofad ko mapatayay ato malahedaway tamdaw.9 I 2004 miheca matatilid ko kasafelaw no sieci to sakarihaday a kakaketonan.

Kaitiraan(地理) 
Tona kitakit sahetoay o tapolo no ’ongcoy ato tokos, lalen a ‘akawang nani tongroh no riyar 610 laya’. Dengan i katimol a lilis no riyar ko masafadfaday, o roma i,sahetoay o masatapoloay a dafdaf,adihay ko Cinamalay-Tokos, orasaka, pacimil ha to “Cinamalay-Tokos Kitakit” hananay. O sakakaay ko katakaraw ira ko 2381 laya’ a Sie-Anna Cinamalay-Tokos.

O lilis no riyar ato dasdas o mado’etay-kakarayan. i tokotokosan sa’emelay, lalen a fa’edet i 17~25°C.

Itini i Sifo’an-Amirika o samamangay a kitakit, tadaadihay ko kinairaira no palapalaan, masiikeday ko faco no tokos, ilaloma’ noni i,ira ko cinganganay a Kandaway-Tokos(Cerro Verde), Isako-Tokos(Izalco) ato Sie-Anna Cinamalay-Tokos, masrayray ko Cinamalay-Tokos.

O lilis nona kitakit i,o so’elinay a Fa’detay-Kakarayan,,.adihay ko tadamaanay a pisalamaan no lafang. I akawangay a tokotokasan tadasa’emelay, o lalen a fa’edet i, 10°C. Cecay a mihecaan ira ko sepat a kasasiromaroma a kakarayan. Adihay ho ko kilakilangan,’a’adopen, ira ko Lan a hana, ira ho ko tada’ekim, ’ekim, simal.

O syoto no Sarwato Kapolongan-Kitakit o Sie- Sarwato o cinganganay to cinamalay-tokos, cecay a miheca i 2014 miheca ira ko 7.4 a rayray.

Sieci (政治) 

Oya 1983 mihecaan a kinpo o sakakaay rikec no Sarwato Kapolongan-Kitakit, do’edoen konini a kinpo o misnga’ay to rikec a kiing ko mikowanay to kitakit,o sifo i,toloay ko kasasiroma no matayalay:

1.    Matayalay:o matayalay no sifo o congtong ko mikreiday, o congtong i,o finawlan ko misinkiway, 5 miheca ko katayalan, cowa ka nga’ay pararid a misinkiw. O congtong i,o tatapang no sofitay, o kakeridan no kasasiikeiked no malatapangay no sifo o congtong ko mito’ay pakatayal. O aniniay a congtong ci Nayipo-Pokoloy(納伊布·阿曼多·布格磊·歐德斯;Nayib Armando Bukele Ortez）tahira i 2024 miheca ko kalacongtongan ningra.

2.    Misanga’ay to rikec:o misanga’ay to rikec no Sarwato o misanga’ay to rikec a pikaykian hananay, cecayay aca ko misanga’ay to rikec a pikaykian, ira ko 84 ko kiing, o polong no finawlan ko misinkiway, tolo miheca ko kalakiingan.

3.    Misawkitay:o misawkitay a tayal i, o sakakaay a pisawkitan ko mikowanay, onini kakaay a pisawkitan a misawkitay ira 15 ko tamdaw, ilaloma’ no nini to cecay i,o kakeridan no Pisawkitan.

Sapili’etan Demak(經濟) 

O sakakaay a demak o maomahay, sakakaay a nipalomaan o kafi ato parok a kilang. O tadafakeloh ira ko tada’ekim, fodawan ato simal.ira ho misanga’ay to kiradom, misongila’ay to simal, tamako, misanga’ay to piro ‘epah a kofa, oninian i,sahetoay itiraay i Sie-Sarwato tokay ato ingataay a niyaro’. Roma sato i,o sapipa’icelaw no sifo to roma a kitakit tamdaw to papisanga’ tokatayalan itini, milowanan no sifo ko 13% a sata to misafa’elohay a patireng to katayalan itini.

I’ayaw no 2001 miheca, Sarwato sifo o payso to Sarwato-Kolang aca ko nihayian no sifo. Tona miheca saka 1 folad saka 1 romi’ad ono Amirika a payso ko niketonan malalali’aca a payso, cowa to ka pisanga’ to Sarwato-Kolang ko Sakakaay-Kinko no Sarwato, nikawrira, manga’ay to a mila’oy to Sarwato-Kolang. Ano mifalic to payso cowa ka pi’ala to pakapiay a sata.

O sa’ayaway mihayi a pangangan to “Sifo’ay-Amirika Paitekeday Malali’aca a Kakaketonan Tilid” a kitakit, ona kakaketonan o pacomahaday to nipasadak to dafong a paliwal i roma a kitakit to masanga’an kakaenen, ‘odax ato ’ardahay, misanga’ to kiladom.

I 2027 miheca saka 4 folad, o sakaca ka pikali’ang to taliyok no pala o sa’ayaway kitakit to milalangay mikarkar to tadafokeloh a kitakit ko Saewato. Nawhai, o mikarkaray to tada’ekim a kofa ira ko cisapiyoay a nanom mikali’angay to pala ato ‘alo no Sarwato.

I 2021 miheca saka 6 folad saka 9 romi’ad. Mihayi ko pikaykian no kitakit to Pitopi-payso malonihayian no rikec a payso,o sa’ayaway itini i hekal ko Sarwato to pihayi to Pitopi-payso malonihayian no rikec a payso no kitakit. laheci sato ko Pitopi-payso o nairikecay-payso no Sarwato.

Tamdaw(人口) 
I 2021 miheca a sa’osi to tamdaw polong ira ko 682 ‘ofad ko tamdaw, ilaloma’ nonini i,o ciramramay to ‘ilang no Yoropa a Intian a teloc mahaop ko 90%. Roma i,kohecalay tamdaw 9%, o yincumin deng to 1% ko osaw. O sa’alomanay ko tamdaw a maro’ i syoto Sie-Sarwato, ira ko 210 ‘ofad. O maro’ay I niyaro’ i,dengan 42%.

Do’edoen ko sa’osi no Linheko o lalen a ‘orip no Sarwato o fainayan 68 ko mihecaan, fafahiya 74 ko mihecaan.

Pitooran (宗教) 
O sakakaay a pitooran o Tinsikiw, I polong no tamdaw mahaop ko 83%, o Fa’elohay-Misakristoay ira ko 15%. Tona pinapina mihecaan matongalay ko mitooray to  Fa’elohay-Misakristoay.

Punka(文化) 
Na ma’eco makowan no Yoropa tamdaw to pinapina a so’ot ko mihecaan oya maro’ay itini a yincumin mapahinom no pinangan no kohecalay tamdaw. cowa ko hakowa ko ma’osaway a punka ato sowal no Intian, mangalefay ko pirecep no pinangan no Tinsikiw, orasaka,o maamaan a lisin sahetoay tono Tinsikiw.

Pacefaday a Tilid(註腳)