Norway


Norway（挪威） 

Norway hongti kitakit (Norway a sowal: Kongeriket Norge), kalosasowalen no Norway (Norway a sowal: Norge), itiniay i sakaetip no Scandinavia malitosaay a kanatal, kawali makakafit to Sweden, kaetip o Tasiyang a riyar. O lilis no riyar masakolitalitaway, masangoso’ay a nengnengen ko Norway. Oroma sato, o Norway masasikafit to Finland ato Russia. No Norway a sera halo ki’etecay a palapalaan ato Jan Mayen pala, roma saki katimolay ’apocok a Queen maud pala ato Peter saka 1 pala o citodongay to sakowang. Tata’akay maci ko Oslo. I 2009 miheca tangasa 2011 miheca, 2013 miheca tangasa 2018 miheca o sakacecay i hekal tamdaw a comahaday, o Norway o cemahaday to a kitakit, ira ko takaraway a sa’osi no kapolongan ka rihaday no polong a tamdaw.

Likisi (歷史) 
I saka 9 sici mapatireng ko kapolongan hongti kitakit ko Norway. I 13 sici kacowatan itiya. Sasifo’an no 14 sici misitapang maserer.

I 1397 miheca tangasa 1524 miheca, malekatep to Denmark, Sweden to Karma katatekoan.

I 1524 miheca mapeleng kina Karma katatekoan, o Denmark, Norway mapapolong patireng to hongti kitakit, o Denmark ko mikowanay.

I 1913 miheca o hongti no Sweden ci Karl 14．John micalap to Denmark, Norway mapapolong hongti kitakit, o Denmark mapidah no Sweden. I 1814 miheca, midotoc to Kiel tatonekan, paliyasen no Denmark ko Norway i Sweden, sapifalic to West Pomerania, Sweden, Norway mapapolong hongti kitakit, o Sweden ko mikowanay. O Sweden, Norway mapapolong hongti kitakit i 1905 miheca mapeleng a malicinowas.

I 1905 miheca misiiked mala hongtian kitakit, itiya misingkiw to Denmark a kapah malo hongti no kitakit, o Haakon saka 7.

Saka 1 kalaloodan no hekal o paitenokay ko katomireng. Saka 2 kalaloodan macalap no Nazi no Germany a wieser pinanaman, o Germany patireng i Norway to Norway congto nikowanan, ci Quisling ko congto. Ci Haakon hongti ato sifo ningra milafel tayra i Inkiris, Germany a tamdaw misafaloco’ i Norway patireng to kofa pakayni i nanom misanga’ to yin-c-tan, nika matekop no lekatepan no sofitay. Sofitay no Germany mi’emet to polong kitakit no Norway tangasa 1945 miheca 8 romi’ad pisawadan mapidah no Germany, itiraay i Norway a sofitay malasawaday to. Paherek ko kalalood o pakalowiday a kitakit. I 1949 miheca mikapot to ka’amisay Tasiyang koyak sakapot.

I 1945 miheca, o Norway finawlan kari’angan ko nao mikihatiyaay to Germany a fafahiyan no Norway ato wawa nangra, itini i lalan a mipanengneng, mipalifades, tatiihay to no tamdawan, lokesan o “saka tosa a Nazi” ahan. I 1957 miheca mapatay ci haakon saka 7 hongti, o wawa ko midotocay, pangangan han ci Olaf saka 5. 1959 miheca mikihatiya to Europe paifaloco'ay kali'aca a nipatatekoan. 

I 1972 miheca ato 1994 miheca kina 2 mitopa to sapicomodaw to Europe lekatep, nika caay ka haien, nanoya miliyangay mikapot to Europe lekatep ikaka to micokeray mikapot to Europe lekatep. Nikawrira o Norway o nano sakapot no Schengen koyak. 

I 2011 miheca 7 folad 22 romi’ad, cidemak to cimapelingay ato kasasikowang a demak, itini kitakit nai saka 2 kalaloodan sa’ayaway a demak, o sapakinaliay katalawan kalalood, cimapatayay to 77 tamdaw itiya.

Sici (政治) 
Norway i 19 sici nao kakomodan mafalic pala o hontian rikec a hongti kitakit, aniniay a hongti ci Harald saka 5 i 1991 miheca 1 folad 17 romi’ad mapatireng.

I 1898 miheca milaheci to fainayan a pisingkiwan salongoc, tangasa 1913 miheca milaheci to polongan no finawlan a pisingkiw a salongoc, halo fafahiyan ira ko pisingkiw a salongoc. O Norway malo sa’ayaway no hekal midemakay to kapolongan singkiw salongoc a kitakit.

Kalomaocan midemakay to cecayay ko kalomaocan faco (o sowal Stortinget, tata’angay kalomaocan), imatinib ira ko 169 ko lomaocay, lomaocay nai 19 a sa’etal a patodong to taypiaw a nisingkiwan.

O citodongay to sakadademak o sakakaay citodongay kakeridan no Norway.

Polong no kitakit a sician kasarekad ira ko 20, o Norway kong-tang sarekad ko satata’akay a sarekad kalomaocan no kitakit, ikoray no saka 2 kalalood a citodongay mikowan.

I 2009 miheca a singkiw, o kong-tang i 169 ko lomaocay maala ko 64 lomaocay, o kong-tang ato pasakawiliay a syakay coi-tang, pakasasifo’ay tang midotoc malakapot to masakawiliay sakapot mikowan a sifo. O sakakaay citodongay kakeridan o no kong-tang ci Jens Stoltenberg citodongay.

I 2013 miheca, pasikawananay a lekatep pakaala to pikowan, o Masimeday-tang ato Tala’ayaway-tang malekapot to pasikawananay a mapapolongay sifo, malanicokeran paso’elinan no Pakoniraay-tang ato Kristokiw nikapolongan-tang a lalowadan.

I 2017 miheca a singkiw, pasikawananay a lekatep pado’edo haca citodong, o sakakaay citodongay kakeridan nao pakoniraay-tang ci Ina Sorlbeck ko citodongay.

Palapalaan (地理) 

O dadahal ira ko 385,054 pinfang kongli (halo ki’etecay a palapalaan ato Jan Mayen pala a sera). itiraay i kaetip a ka’amisay Europe a Scandinavia, kawali i o Sweden, kawali ka’amis o Finland ato Russia masasi a makakafit, katimol o Denmark masasi’ayaw to riyar, kaetip o Norway a riyar. O lilis no riyar masakolitalitaway, kakaya’ 2.1 ’ofad kongli (halo kasangoso’), adihay ko parapatan a fangcalay minato. O Scandinavian a lotolotokan mifatel i polong nokitakit, takaraway dafdaf, lotok a sera, so^eda a sa’owac macalap ko 2/3. Katimol o mimingay taporo, fanaw, kakahaday henohenotan.

Kasasiromaroma no romi’ad (氣候) 
Katimol mililisay to riyar a sa’etal o fala’efaay no riyaran a romi’ad, lilisan no riyar sa’etal mahawikid no nai Tasiyang fala’efaay a fali, makinga’ay i malecaday ko konis i hekal ko fala’efa, kasi’enawan caay ka ciso^eda ko riyar. No mihecaan kacinanom nai lotok salongan 2000-4000mm, laloma’ay no hetal 500-1000mm, maedeng ko nanom no ’alo, makikaka to no Europe ko kanaira no nanom. Katimoll a sa’hetal caay ka kala’orad, o nano fala’efaay to no hetal a romi’ad. Ka’amis a konis 66˚ tangasa 70˚ saheto nano ’apocokay a romi’ad, saka’amisay no ka’amis konis 70˚ ato takaraway a sa’etal o cidamayay a romi’ad.

O kasasiiked a sakowan (行政區劃) 
Polong no kitakit malisil ko 11 a sa’etal (fylke), sa’eno ira ko 356 kasaniyaro’ (kommune). Ki’etecay palapalaan caay ko patirengan a sera. Norway 11 ko sa’etal (fylke): [15]

Tadamaanay a niyaro’ (重要城鎮) 

Bondhus fanaw

Oslo karayan calay

Norway midotoc to sakililis no riyaran a misafacoan a sapirapot a tamina.

Nordland cascas

Oslo

Bergen

Trondheim

Stavanger

Kristiansand

Fredrikstad

Tromso

Sandnes

Kicay (經濟) 

Norway kicay a icifa o pakoniraay ato no sifo a pi’emetan ko kalaheci no tinako, midotoc to kasakitakit a nisa’osian to laloma’an no kitakit polong no kinaira o saka 2 ano eca saka 3 no hekal (aikor no Luxembourg ato Switzerland), makikaka ko tatihiay kitakit a Sweden ato Denmark, anini o sacidafongay polong no cikiw, kicay o samacowatay takaraway a malalenay ko saka’orip a kitakit, sakinaira malalenay. Mi’emet ko sifo to kicay a sofal, tinako simalan a kinaira tayal. O kinaira no parapatan kadofah i Norway, mahapinangay i simal, nanom, pifotingan, kilakilang ato fodawan, o tadamaanay a kicay piti’eran o simal kinaira ato kasakitakit a simal, tinako i 1999 miheca, o simal no Norway ato parapatan a lahod micalap to masadakay 35%, caayay ko misadakay to simal a kitakit ato parapatan a lahod a kasakapot to polong no masadakay 45%, saki GDP a pacakatan mataelif ko 20%[16], nika o Norway o midemakay to niliyawan a kinaira ko sapisadingki[17], roman ai dingkian a tosiya adihay ko pinasanga’, pinasanga’ (halo sakaromakat, pisafodawan, pisanga’an, liomahan kapolongan ko pidemak) padoedo mata’elif ko 50%[18].

Norway kitakit kana 2 mitopa to sapicomodaw to Europe lekatep, nika i kalomaocan caay ka haidaen. Calemcem ko Norway ano micomod ho to Europe lekatep malasakatatiih no kaliomah no kitakit o sanay. Nikawrira, Norway nano taliyok no Europe kalali’acaan, orasaka itini to nian, o Norway kicay ato Europe lekatep o makakedecay.

Talacowa o Norway padoedo 6 miheca (2001－2006) mapatodong no Linhoko o sanga’ayay kamaro’an kitakit, o Norway tamdaw o yaan ko calemcem to ikor no 20 mihecaan, tona simal ato parapatan a lahod o aawa to i, o saka’orip o mamaserer to. Orasaka o Norway patireng to kitakit simal kiking, o no simal a kinaira a payso sapipacefong i roma kitakit. Tangasa i 2007 miheca 11 folad, o kiking no simal no kitakit ira 3800 walwalan Amilika payso.

Talacowa laloma’an polong no cikiw adihay ko kitakit mapatirengay to ko sapidipot to ’iso, nika o Norway, Iceland ato Dipong oya to a manga’ay milepel to ’iso. O Norway pilepel to ’iso itini i 2016 miheca 800 ko ’iso macakat tangasa 2017 mihecaan 999 ko nialaan. Pakayni to nian miliyang ko midipotay sakapot to nia demak[19].

Lalan (交通)

Syakay (社會)

Tamdaw (人口) 

I 2009 miheca a tamdaw ira ko 485 ’ofad, o Norway tamdaw ira ko 94%[20], caay ka papina ko yincumin finacadan Sammy tamdaw maro’ itini ka’amis. O tamdaw i tadamaanay maci Oslo a 55 ’ofad.

O payso o Norway krone.(貨幣為挪威克朗)

Fangcal ko pinengneng malalen to kasasiroma no tamdaw, hekalan kicay kasasowalan i 2012 miheca polong no cikiw kasasiroma no tamdaw a ratoh, o saka 3 ko Norway, aikor no Iceland, Finland[21]. Kasakitakit midamaay to mato’asay cefang (Help Age International) i 2013 miheca polong no cikiw no mihecaan a patatiri’ a sa’osi (Global AgeWatch 2013 Index) mato’asay sakalemed, o saka 2 ko Norway[22].

Tadamaanay tamdaw (名人)

Sowal (語言) 
No Norway a sakasasowal o Norway sowal, halo tosaay ko nitilidan: matatodongay a Norway sowal ato fa’elohay Norway sowal. Tosa ko tilidan saheto manga’ayay i no kitakit a sakasasowal, pitilidan atokapolongan a pirarakatan, nika patatapalen, o matatodongay a Norway sowal ko pasowalay a tamdaw, calap no tamdaw to 85-90%. O ka’amisay a Germanic a sowal, o nisowalan milecad to Danish ato Swedish, noka pangiha ato tilid caay kalecad. Oni toloay manga’ay sakasasowal, itini, Swedish ato Norwegian mingangataay, oni tosaay saki Danish matatiwtiway, nika saki ’alomanay a roma kitakit a tamdaw, ano dengan cecay a sowal ato toloay kitakit a tamdaw ko kasasowalan, o maminanam ho.

Caayay ka papina a finacadan Sammy tamdaw ira ko nangra Sammy a sowal, o nano Finno-Ugric sowal a finacadan.

O saka tosa sakasasowal o Inkiris a sowal, o maminanam to roma a sowal, ira ko Spanish, German, French, Italian.

I Norway a pitilidan, o roma kitakit a mafolaway finawlan manga’ay o saka tosa a sowal ko Norwegian, maserer ko kaeca kafilo ko pisiking. Oroma sato, anini palifet ko Norway to mafolaway minanam to Norwegian, nai 2005 miheca 9 folad 1 romi’ad, ’ayaw no tola miheca o polong no mafolaway misingsi to saka halafin a maro’, milaheci to300 tatokian ko pinanam to Norwegian a kiwiko, ano eca caay pakaala to saka halafin to sakamaro’.

Pakayraan (宗教) 
Mapa’orip ko pakayraan ko sapakonira i kimpo no Norway, midotoc i 2013 mihecaan a sa’osi, o pakayraan a mitoor o Kristokiw (82%), ira ko 76.1% a tamdaw nano Lutheran, polong no Norway a tamdaw saheto nai kasofoc itini i kiwkay a mapaino’, 15 muhecaan i kiwkay mipaino’ to kato’asan, pipataloma’an i kiwkay midemak[23]. Ira ko 2.4% mitooray to Muslim, ira 2% a tamdaw mitoor to roma pakayraan. I 2016 miheca, mifalic to kimpo ko Norway, mapalasawaday to no kitakit ko kiwkay no Norway.

Kararamod (婚姻) 
O mafahatay ko halaka no Norway, caay padeteng to kararamodan, kadadi’ian a laloma’ o micokeran no rikec a mihaydaan, sakisataan, malitosa manga’ay miraoy to padafoh no sifo to saklaloma’an a sadama no rikec.

I 2007 miheca, o citodongay mirikec no Norway mihayda to malecaday ko silet a tamdaw manga’ay midipot to wawa. I 2008 miheca 6 folad 11 romi’ad, kalomaocan no Norway i ’alomanay kasasirekad nicokeran, mihayda to “kitenokay to silet raramod a rikec”, o Norway malasaka 6 i polong no cikiw mihaydaay to malecaday ko silet manga’ay mitoki to kararamod a kitakit, fa’elohay kararamod a rikec i 2009 mihecaan misitapang. fa’elohay kararamod a rikec pahapinang i malecaday ko silet kararamod milecad to sasiromaay silet a marararod ko salongoc, halo i laloma’ no kiwkay misiki, midipot to wawa, halo pipatado no tamdaw a pawawaan.

Mafolaw finawlan (移民) 
Sakimafolaway finawlan a halaka, ano ira ho ko midotocay to sarikec ko sasidi’I ato kararamod, manga’ay misingsi to salaloma’an a mafolaw. Nkawrira caay ko niyah a nisofocan mikotoday to no ina a kitakit. Tinako, kasasiroma nosilet a kasasiolah, o fainayan ano o Norway a tamdaw, fafahiya caayay i, caay ko nano kararamodan a kaciwawa caay ka nga’ay citodong to no Norway kitakit kacingangan. Matiya to, i Norway mata’elif ko cecay miheca ko caay ka latihian, ta manga’ay misingsi to kalaliyas.

Nikapolongan (民主) 
O Norway i paini no sakikicay tanengan niparatohan i 2021 miheca polong no cikiw o finawlan ko pi’arawan a sa’osi o sa’ayaway, mala o ki’emelay nikapolongan kitakit i hekal. Oni a kitakit saki nikapolongan a nihaydaan o mingodoay to pakoniyahay a finawlan ato sakitamdamdawan syakay a nidemakan ato siiked no mitiya i pikadkad to kacitodong no sifo ko kasarocodan.

Ponka (文化) 
O losid no Norway a sasowalen o Bunad, i 5 folad 17 romi’ad ko pi’acangan no kitakit, ’alomanay finawlan no Norway ciriko’ to losid no Bunad a mi’acang. I Norway ira ko pipakafitan to fayfay ato kimpo a romi’adan. Ira ko Tololf Rafto a pihiratengan a kompay. O nano Denmak a Norway mitiliday tamdaw ci Aksel Sandemose pasadak to Jande's law halo i laloma’ay no Norway a Scandinavia sangasaw ko todong a tadamaan.

Kaacangan romi’ad (節假日)

Onto (體育) 
Wa’ay mali, so’eda mali ato pi’eseran o kaolahan no Norway finawlan onto.

Sofitay (軍事) 
O ’icel no sofitay salongan 23,000 tamdaw, halo dademakay matayalay. Midotc to halaka sofitay no Norway, parocek to aikoray hitay a ’icel to 83,000 tamdaw. Tahamatini malasepatay ko sofitay no Norway: hongtian sekalay hitay, hongtian karayan ato misimaway to sera hitay.

O hongti no Norway ko kakeridan no latoloay sofity, nika o kakeridan no citodongay no sofitay ko mitomadaway.

Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻) 

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4.Staten skal ikke lenger ansette biskoper （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, NRK

5.Forbund, Human-Etisk. Ingen avskaffelse: / Slik blir den nye statskirkeordningen. fritanke.no. [2016-10-09]. （原始內容存檔於2018-11-20）.

6.I dag avvikles statskirken （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (State church will be abolished today), Dagbladet, published 14 May 2012, accessed online 24 October 2015.

7.State church in Norway? 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2016-03-04., Church of Norway, published, 6 March 2015, accessed 24 October 2015.

8.Arealstatistics for Norway 2020. Kartverket, mapping directory for Norway. 2019-12-20 [2020-03-01]. （原始內容存檔於2019-03-12） （挪威語）. Svalbard and Jan Mayen are included.

9.Population, 2022-01-01. Statistics Norway. 2022-01-01 [2022-02-23]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-06） （英語）.

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11.Norway. World Economic Outlook Database. International Monetary Fund (IMF). April 2022 [2022-05-15]. （原始內容存檔於2022-05-15） （英語）.

12.Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC). Eurostat Data Explorer. [2015-12-04]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.

13.Human Development Report 2019 (PDF). UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME. [2019-12-21]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-10-24）.

14.Central Intelligence Agency. Area. The World Factbook. [2013-06-20]. （原始內容存檔於2014-01-31）.

15.Frå 1. januar 2020 er det 356 kommunar og 11 fylke i Noreg.. [2020-02-08]. （原始內容存檔於2020-02-05）.

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17.https://km.twenergy.org.tw/Data/share?w6K83mbPlsdfdFXuN4SkxA==

18.存档副本. [2021-03-21]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-12）.

19.黃樂怡. 挪威捕鯨季將至　懷孕母鯨慘遭殃　環團全球聯署抗捕. 01線報. 2017-03-27 [2018-03-22] （中文（香港））.

20.Tony Judt（東尼賈德）. Ill Fares the Land（厄運之地－給崩世代的建言）. 臺灣新北市: 遠足文化事業有限公司. 2014年1月: 88. ISBN 978-986-5727-00-0 （中文）.

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22陳爭詒，《銀髮幸福國度 瑞典得冠》，《天下雜誌》536期，2013年11月27日

23.Tony Judt（東尼賈德）. Ill Fares the Land（厄運之地－給崩世代的建言）. 臺灣新北市: 遠足文化事業有限公司. 2014年1月: 64. ISBN 978-986-5727-00-0 （中文）.

Papotalay kalocalay (外部連結) 

Norway.no

Norway

Itini i 62 00 N, 10 00 E, noYoropi ko Norway.
Polong no sekalay i 323,802 sq km “saka 68 ko rayray no ngangan. ”
“O sekalay no sera i, 304,282 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 19,520 sq km ” 
Polong i 5,488,984 (2023) ko tamdaw.

sera(土地)
Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 2.70%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 27.80%, malo no roma to a sera 69.50%.

siyoto(首都)
O [[[Oslo]](奧斯陸) ko Siyoto.

katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日)
Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakalima 17 a romi’ad.

O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) anini i ci Harald V(哈拉爾五世), patirengan a romi’ad i 1991 a miheca(年) saka 1 folad(月) saka 17 a romi’ad. 

Pi’arawan to lakaw
 CIA
 外交部
 List of current heads of state and government

Pacefaday a tilid(註腳) 

Pasawalian 'Amis