Arminiya


Armenia(亞美尼亞共和國)

Arminiya Nikapolongan kitakit(亞美尼亞共和國)

Takaray sowal(概略) 
O Arminiya Nikapolongan Kitakit(Arminiya sowal:Հայաստանի 

Հանրապետություն，Roma tilid:Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; Holam:亞美尼亞), itiraay isaka’etipay no Aciya a Katimolay Kawciaso(South Caucasus), o Ipapotaray Kawciyaso hananay ho a mipangangan(Transcaucasia), nano latek o kinakerit no Sa’etipay Yoropa hananay. [1]

Itiraay i kalala’edan no Kohetingay Riyar (Black Sea) ato Kaspi Riyar(Acirpayciang sowal: Xəzər dənizi，Posi sowal:ریای مازندران/دریای خزر‎，Rosiya sowal:Каспийское море), o ikemoday no karopaw a kitakit, isaka’etip malafiyaw ato Torki, ika’amis malafiyaw ato Cilciya, ikawali malafiyaw ato Acirpayciang, ikatimol malangiid ato Ilan, onikowanan no Acirpayciyang a sakowan Nasiciwa Niyahpikowan (Acirpayciyang sowal: Respublikası；Naxçıvan Muxtar;Yaminiya sowal: Նախիջեվան；Rosiya sowal:Нахичеванская Автономная Республика）. O syoto tatapangan tokai Yielion niyaro’. Itiya ho nao mikapotay to Solin, i 1991 mihecaan na matadtad ko ka Lekatep no Solin a misateked a malaniyahpikowan a kitakit. I sowal no Arminiya o Hayastan(Հայաստան，Hayastan) hananay nangra a pangangan.

Itiya ho i 4 sici(301 mihecaan),o sakacecay a kitakit to mitoroan ko Kristo Pitooran malokitakitan a pitooran.[2]  Orasaka cilacila masowal ko Arciriya o “sarakatay a kristo a kitakit” hananay.[3]  O saadihayay ko tamdaw no polong no kitakit to mitooray to Sawaliay a So’elinay Kyokai(Oriental Orthodoxy) no Kristo Pitooran. Nikawrira, mataliyok no Islam Kitakit, adihay ho ko kacacoli ato fiyaw a kitakit to pakayniay i ngangan no kasala’edan, malolalengatan sato no rawraw i Kawciaso, samatiya sato o ‘ariri no ’afet itini.
Anini, Arminiya ato Acirpayciyang ci fangafangay ho tono pala a montay,nani 1988 miheca, caay ka pitolas a milekal ko Arminiya to o pala niyam kona ikatimolay no Acirpayciyang a Nakerno-Kalapahe (Arminiya sowal:Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ;Acirpayciyang sowal:Dağlıq Qarabağ; Holam sakamoto han:納卡), o tamdaw no itiniay sahetoay o mitooray to Kristo a Arminiya tamdaw. Corcoren no Arminiya ko maro’ay itini a tamdaw mitaoy to kowang a mico’is to Acirpayciyang, mihai ho to miliyas to Acirpayciyang a 

a tomireng no Arcahe Nikapolongan Kitakit, (coaw ka haien no i hakalay kitakit), onini ko sakalalood no  Arminiya ato Acirpayciyang i 1990 miheca ato 2020 miheca.
Cifangafang ho ato Torki pakayni i 1915 miheca to pihadefek a mipatay to tamdaw no Arminiya, cowa ka pihai ko Torki to matiniyay a rikisi no Aosman Hontian Kitakit a mihadefekay a mipatay to tamdaw no Armoniya sanay a rikisi, aniniay to i mipapalafang ko kakeridan nona tosa a kitakit, hato sasonga’ay sanay to ko kalawidan, ira to ko kasasowasowalan a demak. O kapot no Yoropa Licijay(Ikiris sowal:Council of Europe; Fransu sowal:Conseil de l'Europe）ato cefang no  Kapolongan sakarihaday a Leketep a Kakaketonan (CSTO ;Rosiya sowal:Организация Договора о Коллективной Безопасности，sakamoto’ han: ОДКБ, i 1992 miheca saka 5 folad saka 15 romi’ad a matatilid to mapapadang ko sofitay a lekatep).

Rikisi (歷史)

O katelangan ho a Arminiya(早期的亞美尼亞) 
Itiraay i masahefohefongay a tokotokosan ko Arminiya a kitakit, ira ko palatohay itini i Fancalay Cudad o pahiceraan ni Noa a tamina yo 

no fodo’ sanany. O kato’as no rikisi tahiraay to ‘ayaw no 2500 mihecaan ko katelang, o dadahal no mikowanan a pala mahaopay ko polong taliyok no Kawciaso ato sa’etipan no Torki. Ikor to adihay to ko micowatay a roma a finacadan, samiming sato ko pala no Arminiya, nikawrira 1000 mihecaan ko kahalafin no piteked a pikowan, ano irairaay ko Roma tamdaw,Posi tamdaw ato Monku tamdaw a micowat tona kitakit, caay ka lahedaw koArminiya.

Macikcik no roma a finacadn(外族入侵割據時期) 
I’ayaw no siyien 331 miheca.o honti no Maciton ci Alisanta Tata’angay Honti 3 malowid ningra ko nipatirengan no Posi a tamdaw a kitakit , nano cecay a pecih no sakowan no Posi ko Arminiya, malapala tono Maciton Hontian Kitakit. Mapatay sato ci Alisanta malikatolo a marakrak ko Maciton Hontian Kitakit, o cecay ona kalitolo o Arminiya i,o Sayliw Katelangan Hontian Kitakit ko mikowanay. I’ayaw no siyien 198 mihecaan, malowid no Roma ko Sayliw Katelangan Hontian Kitakit, patokeled sa miliyas to Maciton malamisileday to a kitakit.

Tahira to i ’ayaw no siyien 95 miheca- 65 miheca,makapah ko pikowan no honti ci Kelan saktosa, cakat sato ko ’icel no Armoniya i saka’etipay a Aciya, o mikowan a pala nani Kaspi Riyar (Ikiris sowal:Caspian Sea；Rosiya sowal:Каспийское море;Holam sowal:Lihay), Sifoay Riyar matatongod tahira i Aiciputo. Nikawrira, to ikor to nonini i, cosafaw to cecay patek ko mihecaan ko picowat no romaroma kitakit to Arminiya, nikacaay ka peleng kona Arminiya a kitakit.

O sa’ayaway a Kristo kitakit i Hekal(世界上第一個基督教國家) 
O sa’ayaway a micowatay i, Potiya Hontian Kitakti (Posi sowal:امپراتوری اشکانی‎，Emperâturi Ashkâniân; Holam sowal:安息帝國）ato Roma Hontian Kitakit kona tosa a kitakit i sanoalapit han a milood ko Arminiya, o honti no Arminiya ciArtasen Honti caka pakacecay a miheca matekop to, malasakowan no Roma ko Arminiya,to ikor malanidipotan no Roma a kotakit.

I 301 miheca, o honti no Arminiya ci Tlitati sakatolo honti,lekalen ningra ko finawlan pala no kitakit a pitooran ko Kristo, ta caay ka mikitira to pitooran no Posi o Mita’ongay to Namal (Posi sowal:زرتشتی‌گری‎；Ikiris sowal:Zoroastrianism; Holam sowal:祆教,拜火教), ta malasarakatay a ‘edengan o Kristo ko pitooran a kitakit i hekal. Nikawrira, o isakawaliay a Arminiya makowan no Posi to tosa a so’ot ko mihecaan ko kahalafin. I 450 miheca ato 482 miheca kinatosa ko isakawaliay a Arminiya a tamdaw mico’is a milood to Posi, sa sodod sato ko Posi, maala a patatikol ko niyahpikowan no Arminuya, sa matelek ho kono Kristo a pitooran. O saci’icelay a milood toPosi i, o tata’angay a lalomaan Mamikoniyang.

Mapatangic a mifalic mitoor to Islam(被迫改信伊斯蘭教) 
I 680 miheca, malowad no Arapiya ko Posi, comod sato ko Arapiya i Arminiya,mapaci’eci no Arapiya ko Arminiya tamdaw mifalic to pitooran pasitira i Islam Pitooran,nikawrira, cakapakafilo ko Arapiya. I 885 miheca ci Asoto Sakaceay miliyaw heca a patireng to Pakolatito Honti(Arminiya sowal: Բագրատունյաց Արքայական Տոհմ; Holam sowal:巴格拉提德王朝, nani 884 miheca tahira i 1045miheca ko pikowanan) no Arminiya Hontian Kitakit. Latek i 1000 miheca, masaalapiten ho no Tata’angay Sayrco Hontian Kitakit (Aniniay Torki sowal:Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu；Posi sowal: دولت سلجوقیان‎ ;Holam sowal:大塞爾柱帝國）ato Sawalian Roma Hontian Kitaki (Paycantin, Latin sowal:Imperium Romanum；Kirisiya sowal:Βασιλεία Ρωμαίων；Holam sowal:拜占庭帝國), tahira to I 1064 miheca, malowid to ko Arminiya aro’ han to no Sawalian Roma Hontian Kitaki ko Arminiya. Yo milaliw to ko Sawalian Roma Hontian Kitaki i 1071 miheca, o Tata’angay Sayrco Hontian Kitakit to ko mikowanay to Arminiya. I 1220 miheca o Monkolo Hontian Kitakit to ko mikowanay, i 1260 miheca, o mido’edo’edoay Yirhan Kitakit (Monkolo sowal:ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦᠨᠤᠯᠤᠰ，Silil tilid:Хүлэгийн улс；Ikiris sowal:Ilkhanate; Holam sowal:伊兒汗國）.

Mapalahedaw no roma a finacadan ko Arminiya Kitakit(亞美尼亞帝國的隕落) 
I 1454 miheca, o Sawalian Roma Hontian Kitakit(Paycantin) malowid no Aosman Torki tamdaw ko Sawalian Roma Hontian Kitaki, laheci sato a malahedaw ko salongoc no Arminiya. I sasifo’an no 15 sici, mapatateko no Otoman Hontian Kitakit ko Arminiya, oya kakahaday ko pala a Arminiya kitakit halafin sato makowan no Torki a tamdaw, oya sa mitooray to Kristo a Arminiya a tamdaw,mapenec no Torki Hontian Kitakit.

Ma’emin a patayen ko Arminiya tamdaw(種族大屠殺) 
Itiya sato i sakatosa kalaloodan no kanatal a ma’emin, macemcem to kapico’isaw no Arminiya a tamdaw ko OsmanTorki sifo nani 1915 miheca tara 1917 amihecan sapihadekan a mipatay Arminiya a tamdaw(亞美尼亞種族滅絕Ikiris sowal:Armenian Genocide；Arminiya sowal:Հայոց Ցեղասպանութիւն；Torki sowal:Ermeni Soykırımı; Holam sowal:亞美尼亞種族滅絕）.o ’osi no maptayay tamdaw masasiromay, ira ko 100 ofad ko tamdaw sanay, ira ko 150 ofad ko tamdaw sanay a piso’osi, saofaofad sa ko milaliway tayra i roma a kitakit.[4]

Patireng to Arminiya Sowiay Syakaisyuki Kapolongan Kitakit(亞美尼亞蘇維埃共和國) 
1918 miheca sak 5 folad saka 28 romi’ad, misaiiked nani ＂Papotaray Kaociaso a finawlan a Kapolongan Kitakit＂ a patireng to niyah sakowan a kitakit ko Arminiya a tamdaw, 1920 miheca saka 9 folad,matatilid ko Otoman Hontian Kitakit ato Fransu ato Ikiris to ”Sofor Katatelekan＂,mapapolong a milekal i katimolay mo Fan Fanaw a pala malo Arminiya to a sakowan. Caho ka halafin malood ho Torki ko Arminiya, ira sa ko pipadang no sofitay no Rosiya, caka rahoday ko pilood no sofitay no Torki matekop to ko Armoniya, tokeled sa tona lalood ko Rosiya a micowat micomod i PotarayKaociaso, Ciociya matateko ato Porsinwiko Tang no Arminiya mifelih to sifo no Arminiya i 1920-1921mihecan,i 1920 miheca da’edo sa a patireng to Arminiya Sowiay Syakaisyuki Kapolongan Kitakit (Arminiya a sowal:Հայկական Սովետական Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն; Rosiya sowal:Армянская Советская Социалистическая Республика;Holam a sowal:亞美尼亞蘇維埃社會主義共和國）ato ato Ciorcia Sowiay Syakaisyuki Kapolongan Kitakit(Ciociya asowal:საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა; Rosiya a sowal:Грузинская Советская Социалистическая Республика; Holam a sowal:喬治亞蘇維埃社會主義共和國）mikapot to Rosiya a Nipatatekoan Kitakit.[5]

Mikapot  a malocecay no Rosiya Sowiay Syakaisyuki Kapolongan Kitakit(成為蘇聯加盟共和國之一) 

1921 miheca saka 3 folad, matatilid ko Rosiya ato Torki to＂Kars a katatelekan＂(Rosiya a sowal:Карсский договор; Holam a sowal:卡爾斯條約）, alaen no Rosiya a patatikol koya Patong a pala (Ciociya a sowal:ბათუმი，sano Latin a tilid:Batumi; Holam a sowal: 巴統) pafli i Ciociya,onninan pala i,nami’afasan no Rosiya yo matatilid to Polisto- Litawfoseko Katatelekan(Rosiya a sowal:Брестский мир；Toic a sowal:Friedensvertrag von Brest-Litowsk；Holam a sowal:布列斯特-立陶夫斯克條約). Mihai ho ko Rosiya oya Artahan ato Karso pala ono Torki a pala sanay.1922 miheca malaheci ko pikapot no Arminiya i Solin, malocecay no Papotaray Kawciyaso Sowiay Syakaisyuki Kapolongan Kitakit. Tahira to i 1936 mihecaan, laheci sato ko pikapot no Armoniya i Rosiya Sowiay Syakaisyuki Kapolongan Kitakit,[6] Malocecay nona Lekatep.

Aniniay a Arminiya(現代) 

Yo mikapot to i Solin ko Arminiya, i 1988 miheca saka 12 folad saka 7 romi’ad ira ko sakapelengaw sanay ko hekal a ’atoray, ira ko 2 ofad ira ko 5000 patek a tamdaw ko mapatayay,50 ofad ko away to ko pinokayan, adihay ko mapelengay a nipatirengan a tata’angay loma’, toya miheca ira heca ko fodfod i Nakorno-Kalapahe(Arminiya a sowal:Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ、Acirpayciang a sowal:Dağlıq Qarabağ; Holam a sowal:納卡),tongal sa ko kanikaw no ‘orip no Arminiya a tamdaw. Itiya adihay ko pipadang no icowacoway a kitakit.[7] 

I 2020 miheca, milekal ko Arminiya to piliyas to Solin a misiied, toya miheca a saka12forad saka 21 romi’ad tangsolsol sa amikapot to Misiikeday Kitakit a Lekatep.

Kasa'isal no Sakowan(行政區劃) 
mo'etepay ko sakowan(Ikiris a sowal:marz；Arminiya a sowal:մարզ) ato cecay a nikowanan no Takaraway Sifo oYerevan(Arminiya a sowal:Երևան; sano Roma tilid:Yerevan; Holam a sowal: 葉里溫)

laleko no pala ato kakarayan(地形及氣候) 
itiraay i katimol no sa’etipay aciya a Papotalay Kaociaso,ka’amis no sakawali no Kaociaso Dahetal, o sekal i,29800㎢. I sa’etip malafiyaw ato Torki, i saka’amis malafiyaw ato Ciociya,kawali o Acilopayciang ko fiyaw, i 

madao’edo ato Ilang. O pala nona kitakit sahetoay o takaraway a tokotokosan, mahaop ko 90% a rekad nani tongroh no riyar. O takraway a tokotokoan pasado’edo tahira i Torki. O satakaraway a kadiping o Alakaci Tokos(Arminiya a sowal:Արագած）, ira ko 4090 m nani tongfoh no riyar. I kawali ira ko Sayfan Dasdas, o masafanaway a Sayfan Fanaw o sekal i,1360㎢ ko dadahal no nanom, i laloma’ no Arminiya o sakakahaday fanaw. O ikakaay ’alo o Alas ’alo (Arminiya a sowal:Արաքս，Posi a sowal:ارس‎，Torki a sowal:Aras Nehri）.

O kakarayan i, o fala’efaay a lotolotokan ko kakarayan itini,o si’enaway o mahoracay ko siiked no kakarayan. O lalen no fa’edet i -2~12°C isakaccy forad, i sakapito folad 24~26°C ko lalen no fa’edet.

O Sician Nipalafang(外交) 
Na cifangafang ko Arminiya ato Acirpayciyang to Nakorno-Kalapahe(Arminiya a sowal:Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ、Acirpayciyang a sowal:Dağlıq Qarabağ; Holam a sowal:納卡), oroma sa i,cifangafang atoTorki to pakayniay to pihadefek a mipatay to tamdaw no Arminiya,ira ho ko fangafang to pitooran,orasak o demak to pakayniay tono Sician Nipalafang pasitiraay i Rosiya a mitadi’ec, oroma sato, o polong a misakapotay no Linhoko o ‘edengan o Pakistan kitakit ko caay ka pihai to Arminiya.[8]

Mikapotay ko Arminiya to Linhoko, Saikeday kitakit a Lekatep (Rosiya a sowal:Содружество Независимых Государств，СНГ; Holam a sowal:獨立國家國協, sakmoto han tilid:獨立國協）, Sakakorac no Hekal a Lekatep(Ikiris a sowal: World Health Organization，縮寫sakamoto’an tilid:WHO; Holam a sowal:世界衛生組織 ), Payso a Kikinkai no Hekal(Fransu a sowal:Fonds Monétaire International，sakamoto’an tilid:FMI；Ikiris a sowal:International Monetary Fund，sakamo’an tilid:IMF;Holam a sowal:國際貨幣基金組織）,ato Kinko no ha’emin no Hekal(Ikiris a sowal:World Bank，sakamoto’an tilid:WB; Holam a sowal:世界銀行）.

Kicai (經濟) 
Na pisaikedan no Arminiya, malafot ko kasalaliting no kicai ato Solin(Rosiya), awaay to ko piti’eran, ira heca ko kasafodfod to sera ato kawaliay a fiyaw Acirpayciyang, orasaka taker han to no Torki ato Acirpayciyang tayraay i Arminiya a cinamalay ato kasolin simal, ngalef sa ko kanikaw no kicai no Arminiya, o ya fodfod i Nakorno-Kalapahe masa’et ko maamaan nani roma a kitakit, tongal sa ko karoray no ’orip no Arminiya a tamdaw.

I 2002 mihea mikapot i Saop no Sekalay a Mafafalic to Dafong (Ikiris a sowal:World Trade Organization，sakmoto’ an tilid: WTO), 2004 miheca saharakat sato ko kalowad no kicai, o polong a nitayalan a ’epoc malawisay to mahaop ko 10.1%, to cila to a mihecaan i 2005 miheca,mihai ko sifo to no kalotamdaw a kacikatayan, saadihay sato ko mipacomodan a payso nani roma a kitakit to sakatayay,sano yanan sato ko ka cakat no kicai. Tahira to i 2013 miheca, o lalen a kaci’etan no Armoniya a tamdaw(GDP) i 3,173 ’ok no Amirika a payso, isakatimolay a tolo akitakit i,o sasafaay ko Arminiya a kitakit,’edeng mahaop ko 30% no lalen no ’emin no kitakit i hekal.

O misanga’ay to dafong ko mikidkiday to demak no kicai, ira ko kakak ato masanga’ay to kikai, macemahad ko misongla’aay to kaka’enen a tayal.

Ono maomahay a tayal i, ira ko mipalomaay to fadisoso’ ato romaroma a losay, ‘emi ato malinso(potito). Ona liomah itiraay i ngata no Tatapangan Tokai a dasdas.

Ono pisalamaan a demak ikakaay ko kacemahad, 2004 miheca o tayniay a palafang i 26.27 ko oafd ko tamdaw, o kacakat to mihecahecan mahaop ko 27.5%, o ‘etan i 2.1 ‘ok ko payso no Amirika, mi’isalan to GDP i 5.9%, o pisalamalaman no lafang itiraay i Syoto Yieonli ato Sayfan Fanaw midipotan a pala.

Punka (文化) 
Adhihay ko kasasiromaroma a kasasolek no punka,patinakoen ira ko punkaku, misaloma’, sakero ato radiw, ona kasasolek i mido’edo’edoay to kasasiromaroma no pala a ira.[9] O punka no Arminiya i,tadaahalafinay ceripen no pinangan no Rosiya,[10] caay ko nini heca ko misiwaray to punka no Arminiya, na o sa’yaway a Kristo Kitakit orasaka macirep no Kristo punka ato sa’etipay punka,patokeled han macirep ho Ciociya a pisasaloma’ ato Italiya a kaka’enen.

Iraay a mapatireng ko Citodongay to Punka a Loma’ , o mihaharatengay to palosiyang ato mitayal to pakayniay i punka a demak,o tapang no Citodongay to Punka a Loma’ i ci Hasmiko Pikohesyang,[11] pasikapah a patenak to kapah ko sifo to salimelaen ko punka sanay a demak,hahekel a mipadama ko icowacowaay a Arminiya a tamdaw.[12] Ira ho ko roma a fangcalay a demak, i Arminiya ira ko matafesiw ko 4000 a masasiromaromaay miheca a dafong,adihay ko masapunkaay a misanga’an a dafong, sa ira ko「ipapotaray a hakupucokan」hananay a pangangan.[13]

Finacadan ato pitooran(民族與宗教) 
O finacadan i o Arminiya tamdaw ko ikakaay, do’edo sa o Rosiya tamdaw,Yaciti tamdaw(o 

no Kuto fancadan), Yasu tamdaw,Ukolan tamdaw,Kirisiya tamdaw. Ono sif oan a kapolong sowal i, o Arminiya a sowal, ono Rosiya a sowal i ma’edefay a kalasowalen.

O samatelangay a Kristo kitakit ko Arminiya,nani sifo’ no sici oyanan ho a ci’icel a mitoor to Kristo, orasaka mapenec,mapatay no italiyokay a Islam a tamdaw. I laloma’ no Arminiya o sakakay a kyokai ko Niocoran Kyokai(Arminiya a sowal:Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի，sanoromaen a tilid:Hay Arakelagan Yegeghetzi, Holan a sowal:亞美尼亞使徒教會), ira ho koroma a pitooran o Arminiya Tinsukyo(Arminiya a sowal:Հայ Կաթողիկէ Եկեղեցի ，Hay Kat′oġikē Ekeġec′i）,Holam a sowal:亞美尼亞禮天主教會), Roma tinsukyo, Toncen kyokai(Kirisiya a sowal:Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία，orthódoxi ekklisía；Rosiya a sowal:Православная Церковь，sanoromaen a tilid:pravoslavnaja tserkovʹ，Holam a sowal:東正教會，sakamoto’en tilid:東正教), Yaciti kyokai ato Pahai kyokai.

Tamdaw (人口) 
I 2005 mihecaan a pisa’osi to tamdaw ira 321.57 ofad, tahira to i 2008 mihecaan a pisa’osi 3,238,000 ko tamdaw, o caay ka ‘aloman ko tamdaw a finacadan i ira ko Yasu tamdaw, Ukolan tamdaw,Kohetinngay Riyar a Kirisiya tamdaw(pako Kaociaso Kirisiya tamdaw),Kuto tamdaw,Cyawciya tamdaw ato Kohecalay Rosiya tamdaw.

Sowal (語言) 
I Arminiya kitakit ‘edengan o Arminiya sowal ko sifo a kapolongan sowal. Itiya ho namalacecay ato Solin kitakit, orasaka ma’edefay kalasakasasowal ko Rosiya sowal, o sakatosa a sowal no itiniay a tamdaw konini. I 2013 miheca a piciosa a pisahapinang, mahaop ko 95% tamdaw no Arminiya citanengay tono Rosiya, 40% citanengay tono Ikiris. Nikawrira,  mahaop ko 50% a malitengay a tamdaw, milongoc to sapipasifana’aw to Ikiris i pitilidan no ka’emangay, mahaop ko 44% o sowal no Rosiya ko papasifa’aen sanay ko pilongoc.

Pihapinangan Tilid 
[1] The UN classification of world regions （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook Armenia. The World Factbook. CIA. [2010-09-02]. （原始內容存檔於2010-10-10）; Armenia. 國家地理. [2014-07-14]. （原始內容存檔於2007-08-08）; Armenia. 大英百科全書. [2014-07-14]. （原始內容存檔於2009-04-01）。

[2] (Garsoïan, Nina. R.G. Hovannisian , 編. Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times. Volume 1. Palgrave Macmillan. 1997: 81.); Grousset, René. Histoire de l'Arménie 1984. Payot. 1947: 122.. Estimated dates vary from 284 to 314. Garsoïan (op.cit. p.82), following the research of Ananian, favours the latter.

[3] Stringer, Martin D. A Sociological History of Christian Worship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2005: 92. ISBN 0521819555.

[4] ГЕНОЦИД АРМЯН (1915-1916 ГОДЫ): ПОДРОБНЫЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. [2020-10-03]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-03） （俄語）.

[5] Dowling, Timothy C. Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. 2014: 728– [2016-11-28]. ISBN 978-1-59884-948-6. （原始內容存檔於2017-02-08）.

[6] Государство между Европой и Азией Источник. Планета Земля. [2020-10-03]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-29）

[7] Harutyunyan, Arpi. Still Recovering: A visit to the 1988 "center of the epicenter". ArmeniaNow. 7 December 2007 [7 March 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-10）.

[8] Opinion: «Armenia can block the cooperation between Pakistan and the EEU». Rusarminfo. [2021-03-26] （ru-RU）.

[9] Armenia Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. World Business Information Catalog. Int'l Business Publications. 2013. ISBN 9781438773827.

[10] Russell Padmore. Armenia in global publicity drive. BBC. 2014-09-11 [2015-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-09）.

[11] Government of the Republic of Armenia. Ministry of Culture. Structure. [2015-02-07]. （原始內容存檔於2014-08-20）.

[12] Armenia Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. World Business Information Catalog. Int'l Business Publications. 2013. ISBN 9781438773827.:59

[13] Culture. Embassy of Armenia to Belgium. [2015-06-01]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-17）.

Pasawalian 'Amis