Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa mopweteka
Khalidwe logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, lomwenso limadziwika kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ozunguza bongo, ndi chizolowezi chomwe munthu amakonda kumwa kapena kulowetsa m'thupi mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri omwe angathe kuwononga moyo wa munthuyo ndipo munthu wotere ndiye kuti ali ndi vuto logwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Anthu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito zachipatala komanso ogwira ntchito zamalamulo ndi zachitetezo amaperekanso matanthauzo osiyanasiyananso a mawu oti kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nthawi zina munthu akagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kusonyeza khalidwe lachilendo ngakhalenso kuyamba kuchita zachiwawa ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi, khalidwe la munthuyo lingathe kusinthiratu n'kukhala loipa kwambiri.  Kuwonjezera pa mavuto okhudza khalidwe ndiponso umoyo, munthu yemwe akugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo angathenso kuimbidwa mlandu ndi boma, malinga ndi malamulo a m'dera limene munthuyo akukhala.

Mankhwala ndiponso zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosayenera pofuna kusangalala ndi monga: zoledzeretsa, chamba, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, kokeni, methaqualone, opioids ndiponso mankhwala a substituted amphetamines. Akatswiri sakudziwa bwinobwino chimene chimachititsa kuti munthu ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Koma amaganizira zinthu ziwiri izi: kutsanzira ena, kapena kukhala ndi chilakolako chosalamulirika chofuna mankhwalawo chomwe chimachititsa munthuyo kumangodalira mankhwalawo.

Mu 2010 anthu 5 pa 100 alionse padziko lonse (230 miliyoni) ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pa anthu amenewa, anthu 27 miliyoni anali oti sangathe kukhala opanga kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo moti ali ndi mavuto ena okhudza umoyo, maganizo ndiponso mavuto ena. M'chaka cha 2015 chokha, anthu 307,400 anafa ndipo mu 1990, anthu 165,000 anafa chifukwa cha mavuto amene anayamba chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mwa anthu amenewa, anthu ochuluka zedi anafa chifukwa cha mavuto okhudzana ndi mowas ndipo anthuwo anakwana 137,500, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a opioid kunachititsa kuti anthu 122,100 afe, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a amphetamine kunachititsa kuti anthu 12,200 afe, ndipokugwiritsira ntchito kokeni kunachititsa kuti anthu 11,100 afe.

References

Substance abuse