Old Trafford
Old Trafford ndi dera la Stretford ku Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, mailosi awiri (3.2 km) kumwera chakumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Manchester. Imafotokozedwa momveka bwino ndi zipata ziwiri zakale; Brooks Bar ndi Trafford Bar, kummawa ndi kumadzulo.

Old Trafford ndiye malo a Old Trafford Cricket Ground, kwawo kwa Lancashire County Cricket Club, ndi bwalo la mpira la Old Trafford, kwawo kwa Manchester United F.C., kumalekezero a Brian Statham Way (omwe kale anali Warwick Road) ndi Sir Matt Busby Way (omwe kale anali Warwick). Road North). Msewu wapakati pawo uli ndi dzina lakuti Warwick Road, ndipo mbali ya kum’mwera mbali ina ya Metrolink ndi Warwick Road South.

Mbiriyakale 
Old Trafford inali malo owoloka mtsinje wa Irwell kalelo. Dzinalo Old Trafford mwina limachokera ku nthawi yomwe kunali Nyumba ziwiri za Trafford, Old Trafford Hall ndi New Trafford Hall. Holo yakaleyo inali pafupi ndi malo omwe masiku ano amatchedwa White City Retail Park, ndipo akuti inali nyumba ya banja la a de Trafford kuyambira 1017, mpaka banja litasamukira ku holo yatsopano yomwe tsopano imatchedwa Trafford Park, nthawi ina pakati pa 1672. ndi 1720. Dzina la dera lozungulira Old Trafford Hall likhoza kufupikitsidwa kukhala Old Trafford. Holo yakaleyo inagwetsedwa mu 1939.

M'zaka za m'ma 1820, wasayansi wa Manchester John Dalton anasankha Old Trafford ngati malo a Royal Horticultural and Botanical Gardens chifukwa cha mpweya wake waukhondo, wosaipitsidwa, ndipo anayamba kuyanjana ndi malowa ndi masewera ndi zosangalatsa. Kutchuka kwa minda yamaluwa, yomwe inali yofanana ndi The Crystal Palace, inachititsa anthu olemera kumanga nyumba zazikulu m'deralo. Mu 1857, komanso mu 1887, minda inapanga ziwonetsero za chuma chamtengo wapatali, zomwe kale zinali mbali ya Art Treasure Exhibition ndipo zomalizirazo pokondwerera chikondwerero chasiliva cha Mfumukazi Victoria. Gulu la Orchestra la Halé linakhazikitsidwa kuti lichite nawo gawo loyamba la ziwonetserozi. Malo a minda yamaluwa adagulidwa ndi White City Limited mu 1907, ndipo pambuyo pake adakhala malo osangalatsa, ngakhale dzinali limakhala mumsewu wotchedwa Botanical Gardens. Kuyambira m'ma 1950 mpaka m'ma 1970, White City Stadium idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njanji ya greyhound komanso mpikisano wamagalimoto. Tsambali tsopano ndi White City Retail Park. Khomo lakutsogolo ndilo zonse zomwe zasungidwa m'minda yakale ya botanical. Chapafupi, pamalo omwe tsopano ndi Likulu la Apolisi a Greater Manchester, panali bungwe la Henshaw Institute for the Blind, lomwe poyamba linatsegulidwa monga Henshaw's Blind Asylum mu 1837. Pafupi ndi malo omwewo panali Royal Institute for the Deaf, kumene filimu Mandy. anapangidwa.

Old Trafford idakula ndikukhala tawuni pambuyo pomangidwa kwa Manchester Ship Canal m'ma 1890s, komanso chitukuko chotsatira cha Trafford Park Industrial Estate, koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20. Trafford Park idapereka ntchito kwa anthu masauzande ambiri amderalo. Ntchito zinaperekedwanso pang'ono, makamaka ndi njanji (Trafford Park sheed yokha inali ndi antchito opitilira 300), Jams a Duerr, Vimto, Arkady Soya Mill ndi Ludwig Oppenheimer Mosaics. Royal Army Medical Corps ndi Territorial Army ali ndi maziko okhazikika m'derali.

M'zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, malo a malo ocheperako adagwetsedwa. Komabe, kulephera kwa konkriti ku Hulme, anthu okhala ku Old Trafford adakonda kukonzanso kuposa kugwetsa. Chifukwa chake, m'derali muli misewu yambiri ya Victorian.

Pofika m’chaka cha 1985, ntchito ku Trafford Park inali itatsika kufika pa 24,500, pamene ulova kumpoto chakumadzulo kunakwera kwambiri kuposa 30 peresenti m’madera ena apakati pa mizinda. Kufupi ndi Manchester Docks, yomwe inalinso gwero lalikulu la ntchito zapakhomo, inatsekedwa mu 1982. Monga Salford Quays yotsitsimutsidwa yakhala chizindikiro cha kubadwanso kwa Manchester mwambiri.
Malo