Western criticism from the past  Matteo Ricci (1552–1610), one of the founding fathers of Jesuit China missions, may have been the first European to write about feng shui practices. His account in De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas tells about feng shui masters (geologi, in Latin) studying prospective construction sites or grave sites "with reference to the head and the tail and the feet of the particular dragons which are supposed to dwell beneath that spot". As a Catholic missionary, Ricci strongly criticized the "recondite science" of geomancy along with astrology as yet another superstitio absurdissima of the heathens: "What could be more absurd than their imagining that the safety of a family, honors, and their entire existence must depend upon such trifles as a door being opened from one side or another, as rain falling into a courtyard from the right or from the left, a window opened here or there, or one roof being higher than another?" At the start of the Boxer Rebellion, Westerners were criticized for purposely violating the basic principles of feng shui in the construction of railroads and other conspicuous public structures throughout China. Victorian-era commentators on feng shui were generally ethnocentric, and as such skeptical and derogatory of what they knew of feng shui. In 1896, at a meeting of the Educational Association of China, Rev. P.W. Pitcher railed at the "rottenness of the whole scheme of Chinese architecture," and urged fellow missionaries "to erect unabashedly Western edifices of several stories and with towering spires in order to destroy nonsense about fung-shuy". Criticism Confirmation bias Evidence for the effectiveness of feng shui is based primarily upon anecdote, allowing the well known confirmation bias. This bias is illustrated in the following case study (main land China, 1996) When we built this house in 1988 we invited a specialist. But after we moved here the family did not fare well. We were often sick and many of our animals died... I thought I could remedy the situation myself by fetching a large slab of stone in the mountains and placing it in front of the entrance so that money did not flow out of the house so easily. But it didn't help. Then I thought that the stone was too close to the entrance, so I moved it 50 feet down into the garden in front of the house. And since, we have not had any misfortunes and all is well. The full story is about two failures not followed by a third one. Describing it as a success is typical of the phenomenon. Critical analysts have described it thus: "Feng shui has always been based upon mere guesswork".%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Haruspex haruspicem The case against divination is not something recent, and the Cicero's remark "mirari quod non rideret haruspex haruspicem cum vidisset" is ever actual, even if this remark is more about the diviners themselves than about divination proper. ~ They all seek to cash in while misleading the unsuspecting, taking full advantage before the unin-formed consumer wises up and begins to question the myriad inconsistencies. ~ The faux schools of feng shui are often linked with Life Aspirations or Black Hat Sect Tantric Buddhist feng shui theory. Developed during the 1970s and 1980s respectively, these commercialized schools describe themselves%DIFDELCMD < ] %%% as “modern” or “Western” schools. ~ This present state of affairs is ludicrous and confusing. Do we really believe that mirrors and flutes are going to change people's tendencies in any lasting and meaningful way? ... There is a lot of investigation that needs to be done or we will all go down the tubes because of our inability to match our exaggerated claims with lasting changes. How many larks in the lark pie? In the West, Feng Shui is advertized as a practice by geomancers trained in the ancient traditions of Chinese wisdom. But more often than not, Feng Shui is written only on the packaging, and what is really sold to the customer is just cheap, “one size fits all” numerology. A two steps Ba Zhai (八宅 Eight Mansions) recipe is as follows: Let be your year of birth. Use if you are a woman, and otherwise. Let be the three digits of the -th trigram (Luoshu order). Use them to scramble the trigrams of the Eight Directions according to This tells you the directions to live, to work, to sleep, and to avoid. You can even do the same with your house and your significant other. In other words, the real product sold to the consumer is not a 4000 years old wisdom, but an unexplained matrix.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Some other critics Feng shui can turn into a double edged sword. It was said that Zhu Yuanzhang became the first Ming emperor because his father was buried in a feng shui place. After that, Feng Shui became a heart disease for the emperor's dignitaries. Because, if Feng Shui really had such a big effect, there would not be only one piece of Feng Shui treasure land that can be used for the emperor. If others buried their parents in such a treasure land of Feng Shui, shouldn't they be the emperor? The compass branch of feng shui relies upon the compass to give accurate readings. However, critics point out that the compass degrees are often inaccurate as fluctuations caused by solar winds have the ability to greatly disturb the electromagnetic field of the earth. Determining a property or site location based upon Magnetic North will result in inaccuracies because true magnetic north fluctuates.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Today, feng shui is practiced not only by the Chinese, but also by Westerners and is still criticized by Christians around the world. Many modern Christians have an opinion of feng shui similar to that of their predecessors: It is entirely inconsistent with Christianity to believe that harmony and balance result from the manipulation and channeling of nonphysical forces or energies, or that such can be done by means of the proper placement of physical objects. Such techniques, in fact, belong to the world of sorcery. Users are often offered conflicting advice from different practitioners. Feng shui practitioners use these differences as evidence of variations in practice or different branches of thought.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% The recent attempts to "modernize" feng shui in order to sell it better in the West has been branded as pseudo-science in the West and as "modern-day’s pursuit of easy (or lazy) quick-fixes to happiness has dramatically altered the blueprint of this thousands of years old ancient wisdom, and mutated it into a fashionable fad made for comedy TV" in the East. Contemporary practice by country Mainland China After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the state's ideology officially considered feng shui as a "feudalistic superstitious practice" and a "social evil" . Accordingly, feng shui was discouraged and even banned outright at times.  During the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) feng shui was classified as one of the so-called Four Olds that were to be wiped out. Feng shui practitioners were beaten and abused by Red Guards and their works burned. Nevertheless, after the death of Mao Zedong and the end of the Cultural Revolution, the official attitude became more tolerant , even if restrictions on feng shui practice are still in place in today's China. As soon as 1996, geomancy was back and flourishing again, at least in rural localities. Feng Shui is used not only about graves and new houses construction, but also regarding to diseases, newborn babies, business affairs, etc. In a case study, Bruun notes that: The liberalization of the health sector meant that medical personnel no longer were assigned to work in rural areas... All doctors in Longchuan have moved to the cities... the local health clinic has been abandoned. Rural people now have to travel to an urban hospital to see a doctor. Earlier, when health care was publicly provided in villages and treatment was inexpensive, most people were likely to see a doctor first and then a geomancer only if the cure did not work. Now the sequence has changed, especially for the lower-income group of peasants. It remained illegal in the PRC  to register feng shui consultation as a business and similarly advertising feng shui practice was banned. Some communist officials who had previously consulted feng shui were terminated and expelled from the Communist Party. Moreover there have been frequent crackdowns on feng shui practitioners on the grounds of "promoting feudalistic superstitions" such as one in Qingdao in early 2006 when the city's business and industrial administration office shut down an art gallery converted into a feng shui practice. Learning in order to practice feng shui is still somewhat considered taboo in today's China . Nevertheless, a number of Chinese academics are permitted to research on the subject of feng shui , such as anthropologists or architects by profession, studying the history of feng shui or historical feng shui theories behind the design of heritage buildings , such as Cai Dafeng, the Vice-President of Fudan University. In 2006, a debate organized by Shandong Qilu Tai on the topic: is Feng Shui a science or a superstition, gave a third for science, while a BBC Chinese news commentary of the same year reported that feng shui has gained adherents among Communist Party officials . In fact, Feng shui practitioners in China find superstitious and corrupt officials easy prey, despite official disapproval. In one instance, in 2009, county officials in Gansu, on the advice of feng shui practitioners , spent $732,000 to haul a 369-ton "spirit rock" to the county seat to ward off "bad luck". As a result, the number of feng shui practitioners is increasing since the beginning of Chinese economic reforms . Greater China Feng shui remained popular in Hong Kong, and also in the Republic of China (Taiwan), where traditional culture was not suppressed. In 2005,Hong Kong Disneyland acknowledged feng shui as an important part of Chinese culture by shifting the main gate by twelve degrees in their building plans. This was among actions suggested by the planner of architecture and design at Walt Disney Imagineering, Wing Chao. At Singapore Polytechnic and other institutions, professionals including engineers, architects, property agents and interior designers, take courses on feng shui and divination every year, a number of whom becoming part-time or full-time feng shui consultants. U.S.A. After Richard Nixon journeyed to the People's Republic of China in 1972, feng shui became marketable in the United States and has since been reinvented by New Age entrepreneurs for Western consumption. In a general context where: ~ In the early 1970s, it was estimated that there were 200,000 practicing astrologers in the United States and reportedly there were 5 million Americans spending $ 200 million per year on astrological consultations (Manolesco, 1973). More recently, a 2016 Gallup poll indicate that 25\% of adults in the USA give credence to astrology and variously indulge it ~ A 1995 study of Ohio science teachers found 40\% favoured teaching creationism in biology as a genuine alternative to Darwinian theory. A 2008 study found that 13\% of US biology teachers reject evolution in favour of creationism . Moreover, the general public opinion was 13\% in favor of scientific evolution, 30\% in favor of an evolution "guided by God" and around 50\% in favor of a direct creation, in  the most recent period. ~ A 1995 study at the University of Texas revealed 60\% of students believed that communication with the dead was possible. A 2005 US Gallup poll of 1002 citizens (with a sampling error of 3\%) showed that 40\% of US citizens believed in ESP, 32\% believed in ghosts, and 30\% believed in telepathy (Musella 2005). the Five Classics of Feng Shui remained on the bookshelves, and were mostly replaced by a "bigger-faster-cheaper" product. As summarized by Robert T. Carroll : ...feng shui has become an aspect of interior decorating in the Western world and alleged masters of feng shui now hire themselves out for hefty sums to tell people such as Donald Trump which way his doors and other things should hang. Feng shui has also become another New Age "energy" scam with arrays of metaphysical products...offered for sale to help you improve your health, maximize your potential, and guarantee fulfillment of some fortune cookie philosophy.      The stage magician duo Penn and Teller dedicated an episode of their Bullshit! television show to criticise the construal of contemporary practice of feng shui in the Western world as science. In this episode, they devised a test in which the same dwelling was visited by five different feng shui consultants, all five producing different opinions about said dwelling, by which means it was attempted to show there is no consistency in the professional practice of feng shui. Practitioners of "Chinese" forms of feng shui are concerned that with the passage of time much of the theory behind it has been lost in translation, not paid proper consideration, frowned upon, or even scorned. On the contrary, Emmons has described this process as some form of social justice. Many of the higher-level forms of feng shui are not easily practiced without having connections in the community or a certain amount of wealth because hiring an expert, altering architecture or design  , and moving from place to place requires a significant financial outlay. This opened the way to less expensive forms of feng shui, including hanging special (but cheap) mirrors, forks, or woks in doorways to deflect negative energy. Sources to be rescued Rescue 1990: chinese title, translation and link are to be found. Rescue 2900 Chinese title, chinese work, and a link are to be found%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Rescue 2012. Missing author, and an alive link books from the past , often used by academic sources.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% . , various years, vol I-II-III-IV-V-VI  # 87. the Cosmogony (Chinese) article is a must !!! , length=616 pages ## 71 Dover reprint ISBN: 0-486-28092-6 books (recent) , length= 264 pages , length=444 pages pages given could be relative to the 1st ed., not to the 2nd. To be checked. , length= 256 pages review at URL , length= 440, review at URL , Sheffield and MIT. Blogs, columns, etc , rescued from URL Country specific aspects  Traditional China +684 1280 rem: 考古(Kaogu)=Archaeology%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% 1622%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% 1627 . The "Ming Sizong robbed Li Zicheng's ancestral grave" section can be read at rem: the 23-feb-2010 capture is still alive 1930%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Mainland China 1996 2001 2005 2006 2006 Greater China 2005 . Centered on HK Disney%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% 2009%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% 2010%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Old Korea%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Canada U.S.A %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% quote: Astrology is pre-scientific. It was developed millennia before we knew about the actual fundamental forces in nature, thus it makes no claims to having a basis in any real science. That's good, because appealing to any of the real forces in nature would be implausible;%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% , length= 336 pages.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% , length= 220 pages%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Haruspex haruspicem%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% practitioner at Portland ME, turned to dowsing.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% The second part of the article is not reproduced on the new website.%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% , length xxii+406 pages%DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% , length=150 pages
In 2005,Hong Kong Disneyland acknowledged feng shui as an important part of Chinese culture by shifting the main gate by twelve degrees in their building plans. This was among actions suggested by the planner of architecture and design at Walt Disney Imagineering, Wing Chao. At Singapore Polytechnic and other institutions, professionals including engineers, architects, property agents and interior designers, take courses on feng shui and divination every year, a number of whom becoming part-time or full-time feng shui consultants. Criticisms Traditional feng shui Matteo Ricci (1552–1610), one of the founding fathers of Jesuit China missions, may have been the first European to write about feng shui practices. His account in De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas tells about feng shui masters (geologi, in Latin) studying prospective construction sites or grave sites "with reference to the head and the tail and the feet of the particular dragons which are supposed to dwell beneath that spot". As a Catholic missionary, Ricci strongly criticized the "recondite science" of geomancy along with astrology as yet another superstitio absurdissima of the heathens: "What could be more absurd than their imagining that the safety of a family, honors, and their entire existence must depend upon such trifles as a door being opened from one side or another, as rain falling into a courtyard from the right or from the left, a window opened here or there, or one roof being higher than another?" Victorian-era commentators on feng shui were generally ethnocentric, and as such skeptical and derogatory of what they knew of feng shui. In 1896, at a meeting of the Educational Association of China, Rev. P.W. Pitcher railed at the "rottenness of the whole scheme of Chinese architecture," and urged fellow missionaries "to erect unabashedly Western edifices of several stories and with towering spires in order to destroy nonsense about fung-shuy". Sycee-shaped incense used in feng shui %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < ] %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, feng shui was officially considered a "feudalistic superstitious practice" and a "social evil" according to the state's ideology and was discouraged and even banned outright at times. Feng shui remained popular in Hong Kong, and also in the Republic of China (Taiwan), where traditional culture was not suppressed. During the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) feng shui was classified as one of the so-called Four Olds that were to be wiped out. Feng shui practitioners were beaten and abused by Red Guards and their works burned. After the death of Mao Zedong and the end of the Cultural Revolution, the official attitude became more tolerant but restrictions on feng shui practice are still in place in today's China. It is illegal in the PRC today to register feng shui consultation as a business and similarly advertising feng shui practice is banned. There have been frequent crackdowns on feng shui practitioners on the grounds of "promoting feudalistic superstitions" such as one in Qingdao in early 2006 when the city's business and industrial administration office shut down an art gallery converted into a feng shui practice. Some officials who had consulted feng shui were terminated and expelled from the Communist Party . In 21st century mainland China less than one-third of the population believe in feng shui, and the proportion of believers among young urban Chinese is said to be even lower. Chinese academics permitted to research feng shui are anthropologists or architects by profession, studying the history of feng shui or historical feng shui theories behind the design of heritage buildings . They include Cai Dafeng, Vice-President of Fudan University. Learning in order to practice feng shui is still somewhat considered taboo. Nevertheless, it is reported that feng shui has gained adherents among Communist Party officials according to a BBC Chinese news commentary in 2006, and since the beginning of Chinese economic reforms the number of feng shui practitioners is increasing. Contemporary feng shui After Richard Nixon's vist to the People's Republic of China in 1972, feng shui became popular in the United States and has since been reinvented by New Age entrepreneurs. Critics, however, are concerned that much of the traditional theory has been lost in translation, not paid proper consideration, frowned upon, or even scorned. Robert T. Carroll sums up what feng shui has become in some instances: ...feng shui has become an aspect of interior decorating in the Western world and alleged masters of feng shui now hire themselves out for hefty sums to tell people such as Donald Trump which way his doors and other things should hang. Feng shui has also become another New Age "energy" scam with arrays of metaphysical products...offered for sale to help you improve your health, maximize your potential, and guarantee fulfillment of some fortune cookie philosophy. Skeptics charge that evidence for its effectiveness is based primarily upon anecdote and users are often offered conflicting advice from different practitioners, though feng shui practitioners use these differences as evidence of variations in practice or different branches of thought. Critical analysts have described it thus: "Feng shui has always been based upon mere guesswork". Traditional feng shui relies upon the compass to give accurate readings. However, critics point out that the compass degrees are often inaccurate as fluctuations caused by solar winds have the ability to greatly disturb the electromagnetic field of the earth. Determining a property or site location based upon Magnetic North will result in inaccuracies because true magnetic north fluctuates. Other are skeptical of feng shui's lasting impact. One critic called the present state of affairs "ludicrous and confusing," asking "Do we really believe that mirrors and flutes are going to change people's tendencies in any lasting and meaningful way?" He calls for much further study or "we will all go down the tubes because of our inability to match our exaggerated claims with lasting changes." Feng shui practitioners in China find superstitious and corrupt officials easy prey, despite official disapproval. In one instance, in 2009, county officials in Gansu, on the advice of feng shui practitioners, spent $732,000 to haul a 369-ton "spirit rock" to the county seat to ward off "bad luck". Feng shui is criticized by Christians around the world. Some have argued that it is "entirely inconsistent with Christianity to believe that harmony and balance result from the manipulation and channeling of nonphysical forces or energies, or that such can be done by means of the proper placement of physical objects. Such techniques, in fact, belong to the world of sorcery. The stage magician duo Penn and Teller dedicated an episode of their Bullshit! television show to criticise the construal of contemporary practice of feng shui in the Western world as science. In this episode, they devised a test in which the same dwelling was visited by five different feng shui consultants, all five producing different opinions about said dwelling, by which means it was attempted to show there is no consistency in the professional practice of feng shui. Feng shui may require social influence or money because experts, architecture or design changes , and moving from place to place are expensive. Less influential or less wealthy people lose faith in feng shui, saying that it is a game only for the wealthy. Others, however, practice less expensive forms of feng shui, including hanging special (but cheap) mirrors, forks, or woks in doorways to deflect negative energy. Sources Books %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% , various years, vol I-II-III-IV-V-VI . , length=616 pages ## 71 , length= 150 pages Dover reprint ISBN 0-486-28092-6 , length= 440, Review= URL Blogs and online Web practitioner, turned to dowsing. not really archived. Moreover the sentence to be proven is rather void Miscellaneous Traditional China %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% . The "Ming Sizong robbed Li Zicheng's ancestral grave" section can be read at %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% Post-1949 China 2001 2006 2010 %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% U.S.A %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% %DIFDELCMD < %DIFDELCMD < %%% 2005 .
R
Western criticism from the past
In 2005,Hong Kong Disneyland acknowledged feng shui as an important part of Chinese culture by shifting the main gate by twelve degrees in their building plans. This was among actions suggested by the planner of architecture and design at Walt Disney Imagineering, Wing Chao. At Singapore Polytechnic and other institutions, professionals including engineers, architects, property agents and interior designers, take courses on feng shui and divination every year, a number of whom becoming part-time or full-time feng shui consultants.
A
Criticisms Traditional feng shui
D
At the start of the Boxer Rebellion, Westerners were criticized for purposely violating the basic principles of feng shui in the construction of railroads and other conspicuous public structures throughout China.
R
Criticism
Sycee-shaped incense used in feng shui
D
Confirmation bias Evidence for the effectiveness of feng shui is based primarily upon anecdote, allowing the well known confirmation bias. This bias is illustrated in the following case study (main land China, 1996) When we built this house in 1988 we invited a specialist. But after we moved here the family did not fare well. We were often sick and many of our animals died... I thought I could remedy the situation myself by fetching a large slab of stone in the mountains and placing it in front of the entrance so that money did not flow out of the house so easily. But it didn't help. Then I thought that the stone was too close to the entrance, so I moved it 50 feet down into the garden in front of the house. And since, we have not had any misfortunes and all is well. The full story is about two failures not followed by a third one. Describing it as a success is typical of the phenomenon.
D
Critical analysts have described it thus: "Feng shui has always been based upon mere guesswork".
D
Haruspex haruspicem The case against divination is not something recent, and the Cicero's remark "mirari quod non rideret haruspex haruspicem cum vidisset" is ever actual, even if this remark is more about the diviners themselves than about divination proper. ~ They all seek to cash in while misleading the unsuspecting, taking full advantage before the unin-formed consumer wises up and begins to question the myriad inconsistencies. ~ The faux schools of feng shui are often linked with Life Aspirations or Black Hat Sect Tantric Buddhist feng shui theory. Developed during the 1970s and 1980s respectively, these commercialized schools
D
describe themselves
D
as “modern” or “Western” schools. ~ This present state of affairs is ludicrous and confusing. Do we really believe that mirrors and flutes are going to change people's tendencies in any lasting and meaningful way? ... There is a lot of investigation that needs to be done or we will all go down the tubes because of our inability to match our exaggerated claims with lasting changes.
D
How many larks in the lark pie? In the West, Feng Shui is advertized as a practice by geomancers trained in the ancient traditions of Chinese wisdom. But more often than not, Feng Shui is written only on the packaging, and what is really sold to the customer is just cheap, “one size fits all” numerology. A two steps Ba Zhai (八宅 Eight Mansions) recipe is as follows: Let be your year of birth. Use if you are a woman, and otherwise. Let be the three digits of the -th trigram (Luoshu order). Use them to scramble the trigrams of the Eight Directions according to This tells you the directions to live, to work, to sleep, and to avoid. You can even do the same with your house and your significant other. In other words, the real product sold to the consumer is not a 4000 years old wisdom, but an unexplained matrix.
D
Some other critics Feng shui can turn into a double edged sword. It was said that Zhu Yuanzhang became the first Ming emperor because his father was buried in a feng shui place. After that, Feng Shui became a heart disease for the emperor's dignitaries. Because, if Feng Shui really had such a big effect, there would not be only one piece of Feng Shui treasure land that can be used for the emperor. If others buried their parents in such a treasure land of Feng Shui, shouldn't they be the emperor?
D
The compass branch of feng shui relies upon the compass to give accurate readings. However, critics point out that the compass degrees are often inaccurate as fluctuations caused by solar winds have the ability to greatly disturb the electromagnetic field of the earth. Determining a property or site location based upon Magnetic North will result in inaccuracies because true magnetic north fluctuates.
D
Today, feng shui is practiced not only by the Chinese, but also by Westerners and is still criticized by Christians around the world. Many modern Christians have an opinion of feng shui similar to that of their predecessors: It is entirely inconsistent with Christianity to believe that harmony and balance result from the manipulation and channeling of nonphysical forces or energies, or that such can be done by means of the proper placement of physical objects. Such techniques, in fact, belong to the world of sorcery.
D
Users are often offered conflicting advice from different practitioners. Feng shui practitioners use these differences as evidence of variations in practice or different branches of thought.
D
The recent attempts to "modernize" feng shui in order to sell it better in the West has been branded as pseudo-science in the West and as "modern-day’s pursuit of easy (or lazy) quick-fixes to happiness has dramatically altered the blueprint of this thousands of years old ancient wisdom, and mutated it into a fashionable fad made for comedy TV" in the East.
D
Contemporary practice by country Mainland China
R
the state's ideology officially considered feng shui as
feng shui was officially considered
R
. Accordingly, feng shui
according to the state's ideology and
A
Feng shui remained popular in Hong Kong, and also in the Republic of China (Taiwan), where traditional culture was not suppressed.
R
Nevertheless, after
After
R
, even if
but
D
As soon as 1996, geomancy was back and flourishing again, at least in rural localities. Feng Shui is used not only about graves and new houses construction, but also regarding to diseases, newborn babies, business affairs, etc. In a case study, Bruun notes that: The liberalization of the health sector meant that medical personnel no longer were assigned to work in rural areas... All doctors in Longchuan have moved to the cities... the local health clinic has been abandoned. Rural people now have to travel to an urban hospital to see a doctor. Earlier, when health care was publicly provided in villages and treatment was inexpensive, most people were likely to see a doctor first and then a geomancer only if the cure did not work. Now the sequence has changed, especially for the lower-income group of peasants.
R
It remained
It is
A
today
R
was banned. Some communist officials who had previously consulted feng shui were terminated and expelled from the Communist Party. Moreover there
is banned. There
R
Learning in order to practice feng shui is still somewhat considered taboo in today's China
Some officials who had consulted feng shui were terminated and expelled from the Communist Party
R
Nevertheless, a number of Chinese academics are
In 21st century mainland China less than one-third of the population believe in feng shui, and the proportion of believers among young urban Chinese is said to be even lower. Chinese academics
R
on the subject of feng shui , such as
feng shui are
R
, such as
. They include
D
the
R
In 2006, a debate organized by Shandong Qilu Tai on the topic: is Feng Shui a science or a superstition, gave a third for science, while a BBC Chinese news commentary of the same year
Learning in order to practice feng shui is still somewhat considered taboo. Nevertheless, it is
R
. In fact, Feng shui practitioners in China find superstitious and corrupt officials easy prey, despite official disapproval. In one instance, in 2009, county officials in Gansu, on the advice of
according to a BBC Chinese news commentary in 2006, and since the beginning of Chinese economic reforms the number of
R
, spent $732,000 to haul a 369-ton "spirit rock" to the county seat to ward off "bad luck". As a result, the number of feng shui practitioners is increasing since the beginning of Chinese economic reforms . Greater China Feng shui remained popular in Hong Kong, and also in the Republic of China (Taiwan), where traditional culture was not suppressed. In 2005,Hong Kong Disneyland acknowledged feng shui as an important part of Chinese culture by shifting the main gate by twelve degrees in their building plans. This was among actions suggested by the planner of architecture and design at Walt Disney Imagineering, Wing Chao. At Singapore Polytechnic and other institutions, professionals including engineers, architects, property agents and interior designers, take courses on feng shui and divination every year, a number of whom becoming part-time or full-time feng shui consultants. U.S.A. After Richard Nixon journeyed to the People's Republic of China in 1972, feng shui became marketable in the United States and has since been reinvented by New Age entrepreneurs for Western consumption. In a general context where: ~ In the early 1970s, it was estimated that there were 200,000 practicing astrologers in the United States and reportedly there were 5 million Americans spending $ 200 million per year on astrological consultations (Manolesco, 1973). More recently, a 2016 Gallup poll indicate that 25\% of adults in the USA give credence to astrology and variously indulge it ~ A 1995 study of Ohio science teachers found 40\% favoured teaching creationism in biology as a genuine alternative to Darwinian theory. A 2008 study found that 13\% of US biology teachers reject evolution in favour of creationism . Moreover, the general public opinion was 13\% in favor of scientific evolution, 30\% in favor of an evolution "guided by God" and around 50\% in favor of a direct creation, in
is increasing.
A
Contemporary feng shui After Richard Nixon's vist to
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most recent period. ~ A 1995 study at the University of Texas revealed 60\% of students believed that communication with the dead was possible. A 2005 US Gallup poll of 1002 citizens (with a sampling error of 3\%) showed that 40\% of US citizens believed in ESP, 32\% believed in ghosts, and 30\% believed in telepathy (Musella 2005). the Five Classics of Feng Shui remained on the bookshelves, and were mostly replaced by a "bigger-faster-cheaper" product. As summarized by
People's Republic of China in 1972, feng shui became popular in the United States and has since been reinvented by New Age entrepreneurs. Critics, however, are concerned that much of the traditional theory has been lost in translation, not paid proper consideration, frowned upon, or even scorned.
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:
sums up what feng shui has become in some instances:
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Skeptics charge that evidence for its effectiveness is based primarily upon anecdote and users are often offered conflicting advice from different practitioners, though feng shui practitioners use these differences as evidence of variations in practice or different branches of thought. Critical analysts have described it thus: "Feng shui has always been based upon mere guesswork".
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Traditional feng shui relies upon the compass to give accurate readings. However, critics point out that the compass degrees are often inaccurate as fluctuations caused by solar winds have the ability to greatly disturb the electromagnetic field of the earth. Determining a property or site location based upon Magnetic North will result in inaccuracies because true magnetic north fluctuates.
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Other are skeptical of feng shui's lasting impact. One critic called the present state of affairs "ludicrous and confusing," asking "Do we really believe that mirrors and flutes are going to change people's tendencies in any lasting and meaningful way?" He calls for much further study or "we will all go down the tubes because of our inability to match our exaggerated claims with lasting changes."
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Feng shui practitioners in China find superstitious and corrupt officials easy prey, despite official disapproval. In one instance, in 2009, county officials in Gansu, on the advice of feng shui practitioners, spent $732,000 to haul a 369-ton "spirit rock" to the county seat to ward off "bad luck".
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Feng shui is criticized by Christians around the world. Some have argued that it is "entirely inconsistent with Christianity to believe that harmony and balance result from the manipulation and channeling of nonphysical forces or energies, or that such can be done by means of the proper placement of physical objects. Such techniques, in fact, belong to the world of sorcery.
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Practitioners of "Chinese" forms of feng shui are concerned that with the passage of time much of the theory behind it has been lost in translation, not paid proper consideration, frowned upon, or even scorned. On the contrary, Emmons has described this process as some form of social justice. Many of the higher-level forms of feng shui are not easily practiced without having connections in the community or a certain amount of wealth because hiring an expert, altering
Feng shui may require social influence or money because experts,
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changes
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requires a significant financial outlay. This opened the way to
are expensive. Less influential or less wealthy people lose faith in feng shui, saying that it is a game only for the wealthy. Others, however, practice
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to be rescued
Books
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Rescue 1990: chinese title, translation and link are to be found.
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Rescue 2900 Chinese title, chinese work, and a link are to be found
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Rescue 2012. Missing author, and an alive link
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books from the past , often used by academic sources.
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.
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.
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# 87. the Cosmogony (Chinese) article is a must !!!
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Dover reprint ISBN: 0-486-28092-6
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books (recent)
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264
150
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, length=444 pages
Dover reprint ISBN 0-486-28092-6
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pages given could be relative to the 1st ed., not to the 2nd. To be checked.
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256 pages review at URL
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, length=
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review at
Review=
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, Sheffield and MIT.
Blogs and online
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Blogs, columns, etc
Web
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, rescued from URL
practitioner, turned to dowsing.
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Country specific aspects
not really archived. Moreover the sentence to be proven is rather void
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Miscellaneous
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+684
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1280 rem: 考古(Kaogu)=Archaeology
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1622
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1627
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rem: the 23-feb-2010 capture is still alive
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1930
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Mainland China 1996
Post-1949 China
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2005
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2006
2010
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Greater China 2005 . Centered on HK Disney
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2009
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2010
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Old Korea
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Canada
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quote: Astrology is pre-scientific. It was developed millennia before we knew about the actual fundamental forces in nature, thus it makes no claims to having a basis in any real science. That's good, because appealing to any of the real forces in nature would be implausible;
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, length= 336 pages.
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, length= 220 pages
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Haruspex haruspicem
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practitioner at Portland ME, turned to dowsing.
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The second part of the article is not reproduced on the new website.
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, length xxii+406 pages
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, length=150 pages
2005 .