Most modern database-backed  applications are built using Object Relational Mapping (ORM) frameworks. While ORM frameworks ease application development by abstracting persistent data as objects, such convenience often comes with a performance cost. In this paper, we present OMAS , a tool that examines the application logic and its interaction with databases via the Ruby on Rails ORM framework. OMAS comes with a static program analyzer  and a synthetic data and workload generator that profiles applications to understand their performance characteristics. With OMAS, we performed the first comprehensive study of real-world ORM framework-based applications, where we analyzed the performance and programming patterns across 26 open-source  applications, covering domains such as forum , e-commerce, project management, blogging , etc. Based on our study, we make a number of observations and analyze their implications on the designof ORM frameworks and databases. Furthermore, we discuss new research topics in data management and software engineering that our study raises, and how OMAS can help in implementing them.
Most modern database-backed web applications are built upon Object Relational Mapping (ORM) frameworks. While ORM frameworks ease application development by abstracting persistent data as objects, such convenience often comes with a performance cost. In this paper, we present CADO , a tool that analyzes the application logic and its interaction with databases using the Ruby on Rails ORM framework. CADO includes a static program analyzer , a profiler and a synthetic data generator to extract and understand application's performance characteristics. We used CADO to analyze the performance problems of 27 real-world open-source Rails applications, covering domains such as online forums , e-commerce, project management, blogs , etc. Based on the results, we uncovered a number of issues that lead to sub-optimal application performance, ranging from issuing queries, how result sets are used, and physical design. We suggest possible remedies for each issue, and highlight new research opportunities that arise from them.
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