This group of mixed ancestry were usually called “Mosquitos Sambu” by the Spanish, while the others living more on the southern (Nicaraguan) region have been dubbed Tawira Miskito (Straight-haired Miskito) by modern scholars such as Karl Offen. Over the course of the eighteenth century, the Miskitu became dominant, and the office of king was in Zambo (¿?) hands from the first decade of the century onward.Karl Offen, "The Sambu and Tawira Miskitu: The Colonial Origins of Intra-Miskitu Differentiation in Eastern Nicaragua and Honduras," Ethnohistory 49/2 (2002): 337-40. The Miskito Sambu were aggressive, an early report of 1699 has them waging near constant war with their neighboring indigenous groups.W. M.. "The Mosqueto Indian and his Golden River," in Ansham Churchill, A Collection of Voyages and Travels (London, 1732), vol. 6, p.288 The Spanish reported many raids directed against their holdings beginning in 1699 and continuing through most of the 18th century. The raids often carried off slaves, for use at home or for sale to English traders from Jamaica, who sent them to the island to work.  English also supplied the Miskito Sambu with muskets and military training to assist in these raids. Raiding reached as far south as  Costa Rica and as far north as  Yucatán.Mary Helms, "Miskito Slaving and Culture Contact: Ethnicity and Opportunity in an Expanding Population," Journal of Anthropological Research 39/2 (1983): 179-97 According to the French buccaneer Raveneau de Lussan, who visited in 1688, the Zambos settled largely in the valley of the Wanks River (modern Rio Coco), and the report of the buccaneer M. W. in 1699, their settlements were concentrated in that river, and somewhat to the west along the coast of modern-day Honduras almost as far as Trujillo. By the early eighteenth century, the leader of the Sambu group had the Miskito title "General ." At some point in the early eighteenth century, however, the Sambus took over the  title of King, and the palace that was occupied by a Miskito king, Jeremy, in 1699 , was now occupied by a "mulatto , "  also named Jeremy  in 1711. From that point on, Sambus held the title of king . The emergence of the Miskitu gradually split the larger Miskitu group in two; although the Sambu (¿?) group was generally dominant and the most aggressive. Sambus (¿?) held the northern titles of King and General, while the original Miskitos ( sometimes called Tawira) held the titles of Governor and Admiral.
This group of mixed ancestry were usually called Mosquitos Zambos by the Spanish, while the others living more on the southern region (in modern Nicaragua) have been dubbed Tawira Miskito (Straight-haired Miskito) by modern scholars such as Karl Offen. Over the course of the eighteenth century, the Miskito Sambu became dominant, and the office of king was in Sambu hands from the first decade of the century onward.Karl Offen, "The Sambu and Tawira Miskitu: The Colonial Origins of Intra-Miskitu Differentiation in Eastern Nicaragua and Honduras," Ethnohistory 49/2 (2002): 337-40. The Miskito Sambu were aggressive, an early report of 1699 has them waging near constant war with their neighboring indigenous groups.W. M.. "The Mosqueto Indian and his Golden River," in Ansham Churchill, A Collection of Voyages and Travels (London, 1732), vol. 6, p.288 The Spanish reported many raids directed against their holdings beginning in 1699 and continuing through most of the 18th century. The raids often carried off slaves, for use at home or for sale to English traders from Jamaica, who sent them to the island to work. The English also supplied the Miskito Sambu with muskets and military training to assist in these raids. Raiding reached as far south as modern Costa Rica and as far north as the Yucatán.Mary Helms, "Miskito Slaving and Culture Contact: Ethnicity and Opportunity in an Expanding Population," Journal of Anthropological Research 39/2 (1983): 179-97 According to the French buccaneer Raveneau de Lussan, who visited in 1688, the Sambu settled largely in the valley of the Wanks River (modern Rio Coco), and the report of the buccaneer M. W. in 1699, their settlements were concentrated in that river, and somewhat to the west along the coast of modern-day Honduras almost as far as Trujillo. By the early eighteenth century, the leader of the Sambu group had the Miskito title General in the chieftaincy system of the Mosquito Coast. At some point in the early eighteenth century, however, the Sambu took over the premier title of King, and the palace that was occupied by a Tawira king, Jeremy, in 1699 was now occupied by a "mulatto " , also named Jeremy , in 1711. From that point on, the Sambu held the kingship . The emergence of the Miskito Sambu gradually split the larger Miskito people in two; be that as it may, the Sambu group was generally dominant and the most aggressive. In what was essentially a power sharing system, Sambus held the northern titles of King and General, while the original Miskitos ( otherwise called Tawira) held the titles of Governor and Admiral.
R
“Mosquitos Sambu”
Mosquitos Zambos
R
(Nicaraguan) region
region (in modern Nicaragua)
R
Miskitu
Miskito Sambu
R
Zambo (¿?)
Sambu
A
The
A
modern
A
the
R
Zambos
Sambu
R
"General ."
General in the chieftaincy system of the Mosquito Coast.
R
Sambus
Sambu
A
premier
R
Miskito
Tawira
D
,
D
,
A
,
A
,
R
Sambus held the title of king
the Sambu held the kingship
R
Miskitu
Miskito Sambu
R
Miskitu group
Miskito people
R
although the Sambu (¿?)
be that as it may, the Sambu
R
Sambus (¿?)
In what was essentially a power sharing system, Sambus
R
sometimes
otherwise