source: Whatsapp; L'Observateur Paalga
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims and/or Islamic State (West Africa) - Greater Sahara Faction
actor2: Civilians (Burkina Faso)
location: Noralkingal
notes: On August 30, suspected JNIM and/or ISGS militants seized livestock in the hamlet of Zimse (near Noralkingal).