source: Facebook
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Tougou
notes: On 1 December 2021, presumed Katiba Macina or Ansaroul Islam (JNIM) militants attacked the village of Tougou (Namissiguima, Yatenga). Clashes erupted between the militants and volunteer fighters (VDP) who repelled the attack. There were no casualties.