source: Telegram; Menastream
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: Islamic State (West Africa) - Greater Sahara Faction
location: Haoussa-Foulane
notes: As reported on 21 September 2019, a skirmish took place between JNIM and ISGS militants in Haoussa-Foulane (Gao, Gao), no casualties reported.