source: Infowakat; Whatsapp; Undisclosed Source
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims and/or Islamic State (West Africa) - Greater Sahara Faction
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Sergoussouma
notes: On 31 December 2020, presumed JNIM or ISGs militants attacked volunteer fighters (VDP) between Sergoussouma (Tongomayel, Soum) and Kelbo. Four volunteer fighters were reportedly killed.