source: Sahel Security Alerts; Facebook; Twitter
actor1: Islamic State (West Africa) - Greater Sahara Faction
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Tokabangou
notes: On 1 January 2022, presumed ISWAP (Greater Sahara) militants attacked a volunteer fighter (VDP) position in the village of Tokabangou (Markoye, Oudalan). The VDPs repelled the attack. There were no casualties.