source: Undisclosed Source; Sahel Security Alerts; Signal
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Hitte
notes: On 17 October 2021, presumed Ansaroul Islam or Katiba Macina (JNIM) militants attacked and clashed with volunteer fighters (VDP) in the village of Hitte (Ouindigui, Loroum). The Burkinabe air force intervened and carried out airstrikes against militant positions. Two VDP and ten militants were killed. The militants burned house yards and granaries.