source: Politico (DRC); Radio Okapi; Twitter
actor1: NDC-R: Nduma Defence of Congo (Renove)
actor2: Civilians (Democratic Republic of Congo)
location: Mbughavinywa
notes: On 1 June 2020, about 50 people were kidnapped by the NDC-R armed group in Mbughavinywa and Bunyatenge villages (Lubero, Nord-Kivu), because they refused to pay a monthly tax of 1000 CF imposed by this armed group. The latter demanded a ransom of 50 USD for each family's release.