source: Whatsapp
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims and/or Islamic State (West Africa) - Greater Sahara Faction
actor2: Military Forces of Niger (2011-2021)
location: Tolba
notes: On 23 October 2020, a Nigerien army vehicle struck an IED near Tolba (Torodi, Tillaberi). No casualties reported, vehicle damaged.