source: Facebook; Signal; Menastream
actor1: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
actor2: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
location: Koena
notes: On 12 May 2021, volunteer fighters (VDP) supported by Tialboanga villagers and presumed JNIM militants clashed near the village of Koena (Kantchari, Tapoa). One militant was killed and his weapon seized. The clash came after the militants abducted two people in the village of Tialboanga.