source: Whatsapp
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims and/or Islamic State (West Africa) - Greater Sahara Faction
actor2: Military Forces of Niger (2011-2021) Gendarmerie
location: Makalondi
notes: On 19 November 2020, a gendarmerie vehicle struck an IED near Makalondi (Torodi, Tillaberi). One gendarme was wounded and the vehicle damaged. The device was likely planted by JNIM or ISGS militants.