source: Whatsapp
actor1: Police Forces of Burkina Faso (2015-) Gendarmerie
actor2: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
location: Tougan
notes: On November 11 2019, the gendarmerie discovered and dismantled an IED on the axis Tougan-Toueni, presumably planted by Katiba Macina (JNIM ) militants.