source: Undisclosed Source; Signal
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Barsalogo
notes: On 2 August 2021, presumed JNIM militants and volunteer fighters (VDP) exchanged fire at far distance at the Fulani IDP camp in Barsalogo (Barsalogho, Sanmatenga). Soldiers also intervened to repel the militants. No casualties reported.