source: Undisclosed Source
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Yamba
notes: On 15 December 2021, overnight, presumed JNIM militants ambushed volunteer fighters (VDP) in the area of Yamba (Yamba, Gourma). One VDP was killed. The population began leaving the area.