source: Undisclosed Source; Facebook
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Gargaboule
notes: On 10 November 2021, presumed JNIM and volunteer fighters (VDP) clashed in the village of Gargaboule (Pobe-Mengao, Soum). Two VDPs were wounded. Militant casualties unknown.