source: Twitter; Infowakat; Undisclosed Source
actor1: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
actor2: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
location: Boukouma
notes: Defusal: On 28 August 2021, volunteer fighters (VDP) and soldiers discovered and dismantled three IEDs likely planted by JNIM militants near Boukouma (Arbinda, Soum).