source: Undisclosed Source; Facebook
actor1: Islamic State (West Africa) - Greater Sahara Faction
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Barao
notes: On 17 January 2022, presumed ISWAP (Greater Sahara) militants and volunteer fighters (VDP) clashed in the village of Barao (Bouroum, Sanmatenga). The VDP routed the militants. There were no casualties.