source: Undisclosed Source; Facebook
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Boulmoantougou
notes: On 21 September 2021, presumed JNIM militants killed a volunteer fighter (VDP) and seized weapons and motorcycle in the village of Gnonfonou, near Boulmoantougou (Kantchari, Tapoa).