source: Signal; Facebook; Undisclosed Source
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Tougri-Boule
notes: On 21 June 2021, presumed JNIM militants attacked volunteer fighters (VDP) in Tougri-Boule (Titao, Loroum). The militants routed the VDP. Dozens of VDP fighters went missing. Casualties are unknown.