source: Facebook; Twitter; Undisclosed Source; Menastream
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Nogo
notes: On 7 November 2021, JNIM militants ambushed a joint volunteer fighter (VDP) and army force between Nogo and Titao (Titao, Loroum). Three VDP fighters were killed and two wounded. JNIM claimed responsibility in an unofficial video.