source: Facebook
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Kpenchangou
notes: On 4 November 2021, presumed JNIM militants ambushed volunteer fighters (VDP) from Kpenchangou and Tanwalbougou near the village of Kpenchangou (Fada Ngourma, Gourma). Casualties unknown.