source: Undisclosed Source; Whatsapp; Facebook
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims and/or Islamic State (West Africa) - Greater Sahara Faction
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Mamassirou
notes: On 27 November 2020, presumed JNIM or ISGS militants attacked a volunteer fighter (VDP) position near the village of Mamassirou (Tongomayel, Soum). Three militants were reportedly killed and one VDP wounded.