source: Infowakat; Undisclosed Source; Aujourd8; Signal
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Mourdeni
notes: On 2 August 2021, presumed JNIM militants attacked volunteer fighters (VDP) in the village of Mourdeni (Fada Ngourma, Gourma). One VDP and one civilian were killed, the militants seized weapons and a motorbike.