source: Undisclosed Source
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Arbinda
notes: On 21 November 2021, presumed JNIM militants attacked a volunteer fighter (VDP) position in the town of Arbinda (Arbinda, Soum). The VDP repelled the attack and killed three militants and seized weapons.