source: Undisclosed Source
actor1: Military Forces of Somalia (2017-) Puntland Security Force
actor2: Unidentified Armed Group (Somalia)
location: Galgala
notes: 3rd January, AM, Galgala, Bari: Unconfirmed reports have stated that a road side Improvised Explosive Device (IED) killed two Puntland Security Forces (PSF) soldiers. Perpetrators are likely either al Shabaab or Islamic State elements.