source: Cabo Ligado
actor1: Military Forces of Rwanda (1994-)
actor2: Islamist Militia (Mozambique)
location: Rio Messalo
notes: On 1 September 2021, Rwandan Forces clashed with members of an Islamist Militia in the north bank of the Rio Messalo (Mocimboa da Praia, Cabo Delgado). The spokesman of the Rwandan forces claimed many Islamist militia were killed, but did not mention the number of specific casualties. Unknown fatalities coded as 10.