source: BBC News
actor1: Private Security Forces (Democratic Republic of Congo)
actor2: Rubaya Communal Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo)
location: Rubaya
notes: On 9 November 2020, private security forces defending the interests of the SMB mining company clashed during the whole day with local armed people representing artisanal miners in the mining site of Rukaza, near Rubaya (Masisi, Nord-Kivu). This area is going through a long-standing conflict between artisanal miners and the SMB company. No fatalities and/or injuries reported.