source: Signal; L'Observateur Paalga; Infowakat; Twitter; Savane FM; Undisclosed Source
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Noaka
notes: On 5 January 2022, presumed JNIM militants attacked a volunteer fighter (VDP) position in the village of Noaka (Pissila, Sanmatenga). Two VDPs were killed, and a shop burned.