source: Facebook; Undisclosed Source
actor1: JNIM: Group for Support of Islam and Muslims
actor2: VDP: Volunteer for Defense of Homeland
location: Tanwalbougou
notes: On 4 April 2021, presumed JNIM militants attempted an incursion into the town of Tanwalbougou (Fada Ngourma, Gourma). Volunteer fighters (VDP) and gendarmes repelled the incursion. There were no casualties.