Unreported payments can leave a trace: The three different methods to measure the gross domestic product, GDP, (the production approach; the expenditure approach; and the income approach) can be used as a tool to measure the NOE.
Þrjár mismunandi aðferðir eru notaðar til þess að mæla verga landsframleiðslu (VLF): framleiðsluaðferðin, ráðstöfunaraðferðin og tekjuskiptingaraðferðin.