Higher levels of career indecision were associated with students lower levels of academic participation and school identification, controlling for gender, age, parents education, academic achievement at the end of compulsory school and whether student was on academic-or vocational line in upper secondary school.
Eftir því sem nemendur eru meira óákveðnir í námsvali, því minna taka þeir þátt í náminu og samsama sig félagslega í skólanum, að teknu tilliti til kyns, aldurs, menntunar foreldra, fyrri námsárangurs og hvort nemandi sé á bók- eða starfsnámsbraut framhaldsskóla.