The CRD was adopted in the EU on the basis of its treaty-based provisions on EU citizenship and the case-law of the ECJ, which created a complicated situation in the context of EEA law.
Tilskipunin var stofnsett innan ESB á grundvelli sambandsborgaralöggjafar og dómaframkvæmdar Evrópudómstólsins, sem skapaði flókið lagalegt ástand innan EES réttar.