many dynamic models of artificial action selection were originally inspired by research in ethology. in particular, konrad lorenz and nikolaas tinbergen provided the idea of an innate releasing mechanism to explain instinctive behaviors (fixed action patterns). influenced by the ideas of william mcdougall, lorenz developed this into a "psychohydraulic" model of the motivation of behavior. in ethology, these ideas were influential in the 1960s, but they are now regarded as outdated because of their use of an energy flow metaphor; the nervous system and the control of behavior are now normally treated as involving information transmission rather than energy flow. dynamic plans and neural networks are more similar to information transmission, while spreading activation is more similar to the diffuse control of emotional / hormonal systems.