not having the heart to depose mother and son, emperor guangwu initially left guo's son, jiang, as crown prince. however, crown prince jiang, realizing that his position was precarious, repeatedly offered to step down. in 43, emperor guangwu agreed and made liu yang (劉陽), the oldest son of empress yin, crown prince instead. former crown prince jiang was made the prince of donghai. he also changed prince yang's name to zhuang (莊).