hybridization probes can be used to detect base flipping. this technique uses a molecule that has a complementary sequence to the sequence you would like to detect such that it binds to a single-strand of the dna or rna. several hybridization probes have been used to detect base flipping. potassium permanganate is used to detect thymine residues that have been flipped out by cytosine-c5 and adenine-n6 methyltransferases. chloroacetaldehyde is used to detect cytosine residues flipped out by the hhai dna cytosine-5 methyltransferase (m. hhai).