research by the local government chronicle has indicated that between 2010 and 2018 there were more than 220,000 redundancies of local authority employees and nearly £4 billion was spent on redundancy payments, excluding outsourcing contracts. rob whiteman of cipfa commented that "this scale of job losses reflects the intense financial pressure on councils as they now have no option other than to provide the bare minimum statutory provisions". analysis by the local government association in 2018 identified a decrease in the revenue support grant for local authorities in england from £9,927 million in 2015–16 to £2,284 million for 2019–20, leaving 168 authorities with no grant for 2019–20. uk government plans in 2018 proposed the phasing out of grants to local authorities in england, instead funding english local government through a combination of local business rates and council tax.