the statutory requirements of an adi are elucidated in case "commissioners of the state savings bank of victoria v permewan, wright & co ltd" (1914). the case was seminal in characterising essential elements of a bank as being the collection of money by receiving deposits upon loan, repayable when and as expressly or impliedly agreed upon, and the utilisation of the money by lending it again in such sums as are required. if this is the institution's real and substantial business, and not merely an ancillary or incidental branch of another business, they are deemed to be a bank.