a number of independent reports have considered the demographic effects of the austerity programme. in 2011, activist collective feminist fightback described its gendered impact and in 2012 the fawcett society published a report which was critical of the treasury for not assessing the impact of austerity on women's equality. a 2015 report by the resolution foundation identified age-related disparities in the effects of austerity changes. the report projected that during the 2010s transfers to local authorities would fall by 64% and that spending on working-age welfare would fall by 71%, while between 1997 and 2020 spending on older people and health would rise from 33.8% to 43.4% of total government spending. in the same year a group of political scientists at the university of nottingham found that the impact of austerity on in-work benefits and housing policy had been harmful to working families with children, while wealthy pensioners and older homeowners had benefited. in 2016 research from the women's budget group and the runnymede trust indicated that women, people of colour and in particular women of colour had been affected most by austerity, and that they would continue to be affected disproportionately until 2020. this was due to the fact that black and asian women were more likely to be employed in the public sector, be in low-paid jobs and insecure work, and experience higher levels of unemployment than other groups.