a 246 university sample study published in the 2004 journal "personality and individual differences" found women scored significantly higher than men on all scales of the msceit. another 330 sample study published in the same year and same journal also found women scored significantly higher in emotional intelligence ability than men. a 2006 sample study of 946 participants involving the university of málaga and yale university as well as researcher peter salovey found significantly higher scores obtained by women on overall scale and branches. a 2010 meta-analysis published in the "journal of applied psychology" by researchers dana l. joseph and daniel a. newman found that women scored higher than men by around half a deviation which amounts to 6–7 points difference. a 2013 study published in the "journal of personality assessment" by researchers antonietta curci and tiziana lanciano found that results are in line with those of previous studies showing that women consistently expressed higher emotional intelligence abilities than men (brackett et al., 2004; extremera et al., 2006; salguero et al., 2012). a 2014 study published in the journal "plos one" by researchers jerzy wojciechowski, and maciej stolarski found differences favoring women for performance-based ei ability tests supporting the held common hypothesis that women have higher ei scores than men do. a 2016 study by researcher tiziana quarto published in the journal "plos one" found women had higher ei abilities among a group of 63 participants.