in the first half of the fifteenth century cardinal branda da castiglione, who died in 1448, was legate in milan. as part of his plan for reconciling filippo maria visconti, duke of milan, and the holy see, he endeavoured to substitute the roman rite for the ambrosian. the result was a serious riot, and the cardinal's legateship came to an abrupt end. after that the ambrosian rite was safe until the council of trent. the rule of that council, that local uses which could show a prescription of two centuries might be retained, saved milan, not without a struggle, from the loss of its rite, and st. charles borromeo though he made some alterations in a roman direction, was most careful not to destroy its characteristics. a small attempt made against it by a governor of milan who had obtained a permission from the pope to have the roman mass said in any church which he might happen to attend, was defeated by st. charles, and his own revisions were intended to do little more than was inevitable in a living rite.