india's linguistic picture is complex. according to the [[constitution of india]], "[[hindi]] in the [[devanagari]] script" is the official language of the union; and english the 'subsidiary official language'; however, english must be used for the official texts of all federal laws and supreme court decisions (with hindi). it is one of the two languages of the [[lok sabha|indian parliament]]. english is taught in schools. the quality and effectiveness of the teaching is very varied. english is used almost exclusively for higher education.