vietnamese, korean and japanese scholars also later each adapted the chinese script to write their languages, using chinese characters both for borrowed and native vocabulary. thus, in the japanese script, chinese characters may have both sino-japanese readings ("on'yomi") and native readings ("kun'yomi"). similarly, in the chữ nôm script used for vietnamese until the early 20th century, some chinese characters could represent both a sino-vietnamese word and a native vietnamese word with similar meaning or sound to the chinese word, but in such cases, the native reading would be distinguished by a component. however, the korean variant of chinese characters, or hanja, typically have only a sino-korean reading, and native korean words are rarely, if ever, written in hanja. the character-based vietnamese and korean scripts have since been replaced by the vietnamese alphabet and hangul respectively.