small turbines (mostly under 10 mw) may have horizontal shafts, and even fairly large bulb-type turbines up to 100 mw or so may be horizontal. very large francis and kaplan machines usually have vertical shafts because this makes best use of the available head, and makes installation of a generator more economical. pelton wheels may be either vertical or horizontal shaft machines because the size of the machine is so much less than the available head. some impulse turbines use multiple water jets per runner to increase specific speed and balance shaft thrust.