he is also probably the monarch responsible for the destruction of the port of eudaemon arabia (aden) recently before the time of the author's voyage. this was likely in service to his allies at mocha, who would have been aden's commercial rivals. attributing the attack to charibael, however, requires an emendation of the text, whose manuscripts attribute the attack to "a caesar". in the 19th century, müller and dittrich emended "caesar" to "elisar", whom they identified with the king eleazus mentioned elsewhere in the text. this has not been supported by inscriptions in south arabia and is far less likely on geographical grounds as well. other researchers have maintained that the reference is to the invasion of arabia by the egyptian prefect g. aelius gallus in 26. apart from the many decades separating that campaign from the "periplus", the detailed description of the campaign in strabo shows that the army proceeded overland and was successfully misled and sabotaged by the nabataean patriot syllaeus before reaching any of the southern ports. pliny explicitly names the furthest point reached as "caripeta", usually taken after forster as a scribal error for a previously-mentioned "cariata", the qaryatayn near ibb in the yemeni highlands. pliny further explicitly states in the same passage that no other roman force had reached so far into arabia as late as the time of his composition of the "natural history", now usually placed well after the "periplus".