western europeans often simplified the name to "poland" and in most past and modern sources it is referred to as the "kingdom of poland", or just "poland". the terms: "the commonwealth of poland" and "the commonwealth of two nations" (, ) were used in the reciprocal guarantee of two nations. the english term 'polish–lithuanian commonwealth' and german 'polen-litauen' are seen as renderings of "the commonwealth of two nations" variant. other names include "the republic of nobles" () and "the first commonwealth" (), the latter relatively common in polish historiography.