some of the origins of the hmong and miao clan names are a result of the marriage of hmong women to han chinese men, with distinct han chinese-descended clans and lineages practicing han chinese burial customs. these clans were called "han chinese hmong" ("hmong sua") in sichuan, and were instructed in military tactics by fugitive han chinese rebels. such chinese "surname groups" are comparable to the patrilineal hmong clans and also practice exogamy.