for much of the 10th century, the isma'ili-shi'ite qarmatians were the most powerful force in the persian gulf. in 930, the qarmatians pillaged mecca, outraging the muslim world, particularly with their theft of the black stone. in 1077–1078, an arab sheikh named abdullah bin ali al uyuni defeated the qarmatians in bahrain and al-hasa with the help of the great seljuq empire and founded the uyunid dynasty. the uyunid emirate later underwent expansion with its territory stretching from najd to the syrian desert. they were overthrown by the usfurids in 1253. ufsurid rule was weakened after persian rulers of hormuz captured bahrain and qatif in 1320. the vassals of ormuz, the shia jarwanid dynasty came to rule eastern arabia in the 14th century. the jabrids took control of the region after overthrowing the jarwanids in the 15th century and clashed with hormuz for more than two decades over the region for its economic revenues, until finally agreeing to pay tribute in 1507. al-muntafiq tribe later took over the region and came under ottoman suzerainty. the bani khalid tribe later revolted against them in 17th century and took control. their rule extended from iraq to oman at its height and they too came under ottoman suzerainty.