in the southeast, ukrainian settlements were present in the regions east of chełm and in the carpathians east of nowy sącz. the three main native higlander populations were łemkowie, bojkowie and huculi. in all the towns and cities there were large concentrations of yiddish-speaking jews. the polish ethnographic area stretched eastward: in eastern lithuania, belarus, and western ukraine, all of which had a mixed population, poles predominated not only in the cities but also in numerous rural districts. there were significant polish minorities in daugavpils (in latvia), minsk (in belarus), bucovina (in romania), and kiev (in ukraine) (see polish minority in the soviet union, polish autonomous district).