the commonwealth comprised various identities: poles, lithuanians, czechs, hungarians, slovaks, ruthenians (belarusians and ukrainians), and vlachs (romanians). sometimes inhabitants of the grand duchy of lithuania were called litvins, a slavic term for people from lithuania, regardless of their ethnicity (with the exception of jews, who were called litvaks). shortly after the union of lublin in 1569, the commonwealth's population was around 7 million, with roughly of 4.5 million poles, 750,000 lithuanians, 700,000 jews and 2 million ruthenians. in 1618, after the truce of deulino, the commonwealth population increased together with its territory, reaching 12 million people, which was composed roughly of 4.5 million poles, 3.5 million ukrainians, 1.5 million belarusians, 750,000 lithuanians, 750,000 old prussians, 500,000 jews, and 500,000 livonians. at that time nobility was 10% of the population, and burghers were 15%. the average population density per square kilometer was: 24 in mazovia, 23 in lesser poland, 19 in great poland, 12 in lublin palatinate, 10 in the lvov area, 7 in podolia and volhynia, and 3 in ukraine. there was a tendency for the people from the more densely inhabited western territories to migrate eastwards. in the period from 1648 to 1657, populations losses are estimated at 4 m. coupled with further population and territorial losses, in 1717 the commonwealth population had fallen to 9 m, with roughly 4.5 m/50% poles, 1.5 m/17% ukrainians, 1.2 m belarusians, 0.8 m lithuanians, 0.5 m jews, and 0.5 m others. just before the first partition of poland, the commonwealth's population stood at some 14 million, including around 1 million nobles, 4.7 million uniates and 400,000 orthodox christians. in 1792, the population was around 11 million and included 750,000 nobles.