in 1947, kloehn reported on the use of occipital headgear which was attached by hooks to a maxillary .045 in archwire against the first molars. to prevent the side-effect of molar tipping, he modified the appliance by taking the bow and soldering it to the inner arch of the incisor area and therefore eliminated the "victorian" headcap stigma associated with headgear. therefore, the headgear was modified with a cervical neck strap.