in the eleventh century pope nicholas ii, who in 1060 had tried to abolish the mozarabic rite, wished also to attack the ambrosian, and was aided by st. peter damian, but he was unsuccessful, and pope alexander ii, his successor, himself a milanese, reversed his policy in this respect. st. gregory vii made another attempt, and le brun (explication de la messe, iii, art. i, § 8) conjectures that landulf's miraculous narrative was written with a purpose about that time. having weathered these storms, the ambrosian rite had peace for some three centuries and a half.