most germans were expelled from poland and the annexed east german territories at the end of the war, while many ukrainians, rusyns and belarusians lived in territories incorporated into the ussr. small ukrainian, belarusian, slovak, and lithuanian minorities reside along the borders, and a german minority is concentrated near the southwestern city of opole and in masuria. groups of ukrainians and polish ruthenians also live in western poland, where they were forcefully resettled by communists.