spines are found on the dendrites of most principal neurons in the brain, including the pyramidal neurons of the neocortex, the medium spiny neurons of the striatum, and the purkinje cells of the cerebellum. dendritic spines occur at a density of up to 5 spines/1 μm stretch of dendrite. hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons may receive tens of thousands of mostly excitatory inputs from other neurons onto their equally numerous spines, whereas the number of spines on purkinje neuron dendrites is an order of magnitude larger.