alan s. kaufman, a psychology professor and author of iq tests, writes in "iq testing 101" that "miss savant was given an old version of the stanford-binet (terman & merrill 1937), which did, indeed, use the antiquated formula of ma/ca × 100. but in the test manual's norms, the binet does not permit iqs to rise above 170 at any age, child or adult. as the authors of the old binet stated: 'beyond fifteen the mental ages are entirely artificial and are to be thought of as simply numerical scores.' (terman & merrill 1937). ...the psychologist who came up with an iq of 228 committed an extrapolation of a misconception, thereby violating almost every rule imaginable concerning the meaning of iqs."