the "vestiarium" was the work of two brothers: john sobieski and charles allen hay. the brothers, who called themselves "john sobieski stolberg stuart" and "charles edward stuart", first appeared in scotland in 1822. the two claimed to be grandsons of prince charles edward stuart and his wife princess louise of stolberg, and consequently later became known as the "sobieski stuarts". the sobieski stuarts claimed that the "vestiarium" was based upon a copy of an ancient manuscript on clan tartans—a manuscript which they never managed to produce. the "vestiarium" was followed by the equally dubious "the costume of the clans" two years later. the romantic enthusiasm that logan and the sobieski stuarts generated with their publications led the way for other tartan books in the 19th century.