fannie lou hamer (; townsend; october 6, 1917 – march 14, 1977) was an influential american activist who fought for equal rights. hamer protested for racial equality and reproductive rights in america. she is known for speaking for the african american group at an important national all-white meeting. hamer was also a church singer. her perseverance and rebellious spirit allowed her to help others, and make a long-lasting impact.