after chengjia's fall, dou turned over the lands under his control to emperor guangwu in 36, and was made prime controller. lu, after initially submitting to emperor guangwu and made the prince of dai (as emperor guangwu maintained the fiction that lu was actually from imperial lineage), eventually rebelled again, but, unable to succeed, eventually fled to xiongnu in 42. the empire was entirely under emperor guangwu's rule. during the wartime, liu's general geng yan massacred 300 cities.