the national insurance model shares and mixes elements from both the bismarck and beveridge models. the emergence of the national health insurance model is cited as a response to the challenges presented by the traditional bismarck and beveridge systems. for instance, it is difficult for bismarck systems to contend with aging populations, as these demographics are less economically active. ultimately, this model has more flexibility than a traditional bismarck or beveridge model, as it can pull effective practices from both systems as needed.