by 1600, about 25% of poland's population lived in urban centers (settlements with over 500 people). major towns in poland included: gdańsk (danzig in german) (70,000), kraków (28,000), warsaw (20,000-30,000), poznań (20,000), lwów (lviv) (20,000), elbląg (elbing) (15,000), toruń (thorn) (12,000), sandomierz (4,000-5,000), kazimierz dolny (4,000-5,000) and gniezno (4,000-5,000).