in the 1980s and 1990s, historians have argued over whether this term is appropriate. for example, falk pingel believed the phrase should not be applied to all nazi prisoners. on the other hand, hermann kaienburg and miroslav kárný believed "extermination through labour" was one of the ss's specific goals. more recently, jens-christian wagner has also argued that not all nazi prisoners were targeted with death, so "extermination through labor" might not be the best way to describe the nazis' goals for those prisoners.