in the edo period, the tea ceremony spread out to the public, and it became an artistic accomplishment. therefore, "to draw out the beauty from inside the person's heart" which was its original purpose came to be emphasized. the words "和敬清寂 (wa kei sei jaku)" meaning harmony, respect, purity and tranquility, are the basis of the tea ceremony. wa, harmony, is shown by sharing the tea between the host and the guest. kei, respect, is shown by accepting and sharing with others. sei, purity, is treating yourself and others openly. jaku, tranquility, is the feeling of stillness in the ceremony. modern tea ceremonies, which last for four hours, are still based on these ideas.