ian almond criticizes kristeva's ethnocentrism. he repeats gayatri spivak's conclusion that kristeva's book "about chinese women" has problems. almond says it has the same discrimination and bias as in the eighteenth century. also, he says that kristeva wrote about two thousand years of history that she does not know well. almond also thinks that kristeva's ideas about the muslim world, culture, and believers are too simple. he adds that kristeva ignores muslim women and pays too much attention to the rushdie fatwa.