around the same time, the anc was receiving funds from foreign donors in order to build up stronger opposition parties to protest the south africa's national party and apartheid. these leaders were given large sums of money without formal book-keeping. even though there is no evidence of corruption or rent-seeking, the informal habits and the notion of anc leaders being above accounting remained with the party which rose to power after the transition. the anc's tradition of loyalty to the organization was shaped in the apartheid era, with clear implications in modern-day anc politics. in the years leading up to the inevitable transition of power, corruption was rampant in most government departments, intelligence agencies, the police, and the military.