many amerindian languages are spoken daily in indigenous communities, primarily in northern brazil. although many of these communities have significant contact with portuguese, today there are incentives stimulating preservation and the teaching of native languages. according to sil international, 133 native american languages are currently endangered. some of the largest indigenous language groups include arawak, carib, macro-gê and tupi. in 2006, the city of são gabriel da cachoeira in the region of cabeça do cachorro (northwestern region of the state of amazonas), has adopted some indigenous languages as some of its other official languages along with portuguese.