though known from antiquity, the first document to contain the epistle of clement and to be studied by western scholars was found in 1628, having been included with an ancient greek bible given by the patriarch of constantinople cyril i to king charles i of england. the first complete copy of 1 clement was rediscovered in 1873, some four hundred years after the fall of constantinople, when philotheos bryennios found it in the greek codex hierosolymitanus, written in 1056. this work, written in greek, was translated into at least three languages in ancient times: a latin translation from the 2nd or 3rd century was found in an 11th-century manuscript in the seminary library of namur, belgium, and published by germain morin in 1894; a syriac manuscript, now at cambridge university, was found by robert lubbock bensly in 1876, and translated by him into english in 1899; and a coptic translation has survived in two papyrus copies, one published by c. schmidt in 1908 and the other by f. rösch in 1910.