according to holly mcgregor & andrew elliot (2002); christopher wolters (2003), academic procrastination among portions of undergraduate students has been correlated to "performance-avoidance orientation" which is one factor of the four factor model of achievement orientation. andrew elliot and judith harackiewicz (1996) showed that students with a performance-avoidance orientation tend to be concerned with comparisons to their peers. these students procrastinate as a result of not wanting to look incompetent, or to avoid demonstrating a lack of ability and adopt a facade of competence for a task in front of their peers.