he returned to the hebrew university between 1948 and 1949 to study humanities, before joining the columbia university school of social work in new york city in 1951, where he studied psychiatric social work. upon completion of his qualification at columbia, he returned to israel to work as a supervisor of special education for youth aliyah, then still an emerging discipline in the newborn state of israel. he later headed kiryat ye'arim youth village for distressed youth who were unable to adjust to regular educational frameworks. between 1959 and 1961 he studied and completed his doctorate in social work administration at case western reserve university in cleveland, ohio.