he made pleas to several western democratic nations, but none offered help cats. it was only after he turned to the soviets in 1921 that sun found aid. the communist soviet union agreed to help the kmt if the smaller chinese communist party be allowed to join. in 1923 the soviet union, the kmt, and the ccp made an agreement, the sun-joffe manifesto, which said the soviets would help china have only one government. mikhail borodin traveled to china in 1923 to help change the kmt to make it similar to the communist party of the soviet union. the ccp and kmt were joined in the first united front.