the town partially straddles the river wharfe in a valley, rising from the river at to above sea level, up ilkley moor (a bracken and heather covered moorland, with rocky outcrops, to the south) and to across middleton woods in the north. the river runs through the northern extent of the town from west to east, and is crossed by four bridges, in order: a 16th century three-arched stone bridge, now closed to road traffic; a 19th century single-span wrought-iron bridge; a suspension bridge for foot traffic only (a set of concrete stepping stones) and a prefabricated steel arched box-girder bridge. the river is prone to flooding the sports fields (and a few houses) that occupy the watermeadows.