during her lifetime, austen's books did not make her very famous. like a great number of women writers at that time, she chose to publish her books secretly. only among people in the aristocracy, her writing was an open secret. at the time they were published, austen's works were thought fashionable by members of high society. however, they received only a few good reviews. by the mid-nineteenth century, her works were respected by people who were learned in literature. they thought that liking her works was a sign that they were clever. in 1870, her nephew published "memoir of jane austen". this showed her to a wider public as "dear, quiet aunt jane". after this, her works were published again in popular editions. by the twentieth century, lots of groups had formed. some praised her and some defended her from the "teeming masses". however, they all claimed to be true janeites, or people who really appreciated austen.