editing of pages was possible in one of two ways, either directly by creating or amending pages using special editing keyboards whilst connected online to the main update computer, or by creating pages offline and updating them in bulk to the main update computer. bulk update required that pages be created offline by the use of editing terminals which could store pages, or by micro-computers such as that provided by apple or acorn. the pages were then transmitted to the udc online in bulk via a special dialup port and protocol, or sent via magnetic tape to the update centre (udc) where they were uploaded by network operations (noc) staff.