though the official cause of choe's death was listed as bludgeoning, he had two pencil-sized holes on his torso which suggested injection of a foreign substance into his body. when his corpse was discovered, he still had $1,200 cash in his pocket. it emerged soon after that he had poison in his bloodstream of the same type as that carried by a north korean submarine which had infiltrated south korean waters and landed near gangneung, gangwon the previous month; north korea had threatened to retaliate for the killings of their special forces agents by the south korean army. north korea denied all involvement and accused the south of fabricating evidence in order to frame the north. some news reports at the time suggested that the north koreans had hired a russian mafia hitman to actually carry out the murder.