in fact, as the district court later found, the investigation conducted by respondents was "cursory." miedema wrote to penn state university and to the secretary of education for the state of pennsylvania requesting information about acanfora's suspension from his student teaching position and the controversy concerning his certification. penn state responded that acanfora had "successfully completed the student teacher assignment," and that the brief suspension therefrom had been motivated by his joining the lawsuit to obtain accreditation of hops, a suspension which all concerned had recognized to be an invasion of acanfora's constitutional rights and which had been quickly corrected. the secretary of education responded that acanfora's performance as a student and as a student teacher had been satisfactory in all respects, and that he had deemed acanfora to be of "good moral character" in deciding to certify him. both responses were received by miedema in late october.