a judiciary is a number of judges mediating disputes to determine outcome. most countries have systems of appeal courts, with an apex court as the ultimate judicial authority. in the united states, this authority is the supreme court; in australia, the high court; in the uk, the supreme court; in germany, the "bundesverfassungsgericht"; and in france, the "cour de cassation". for most european countries the european court of justice in luxembourg can overrule national law, when eu law is relevant. the european court of human rights in strasbourg allows citizens of the council of europe member states to bring cases relating to human rights issues before it.