during the near eastern crisis afghanistan remains outwardly calm, but that it has been profoundly impressed by the success of turkey is shown a couple of months later when the "times of india" publishes the terms of a new treaty between afghanistan and angora. in this document afghanistan acknowledges turkey as its "suzerain," i.e., as heir to the privileges of the caliphate, and recognizes the independence of bokhara and khiva. the chief object of the treaty is to institute a defensive alliance between the two countries, commercial and financial arrangements being left to a separate protocol. turkey also undertakes to send teachers and military officers to remain in afghanistan for a period of five years.