the course of afghan history though not eventful is far from smooth. friction between the "amir" amanullah and a large part of his subjects is one of the outstanding features of the year, and the other is the straining of afghan-british relations which takes place towards its close. the chief causes of disaffection against the "amir" have been his attempts to purify the administration and to impose conscription on the people. the levying of taxes has also, as was to be expected, proved a most difficult matter, and want of money has not allowed the "amir" to proceed very far on his path of reform. nevertheless, in some lines substantial progress has been made. most notable is the spread of education among the people. there are now thousands of afghan boys receiving schooling, and 200 are being educated abroad; and these are expected in course of time to provide an efficient civil service and judiciary.