boberg compares apparent-time data on montreal english with real-time data from earlier studies of the same community. a comparison was made between the 1972 survey by scargill and warkentyne and the more recent study in 1998-99 by chambers. real-time comparisons were made between the student group in 1972 to the 14–19 age group in 1999 and the parents from 1972 to the 40–49 age group in 1999. to make direct comparisons, data from 1999 were restricted to the real and project age categories of the 1972 study.