beginning in 1900, poultry breeder oskar vorwerk began to create a medium-sized, utilitarian fowl with the belted plumage pattern of the lakenvelder. the key difference in appearance would be the vorwerk's dark golden base color, rather than the white of the lakenvelder. thus, his chicken is sometimes incorrectly called the golden lakenvelder, especially in north america. the golden lakenvelder, a plumage variety, is a separate breed from the vorwerk. breeds used to create the vorwerk included the lakenvelder, buff orpington, buff sussex and andalusian. by 1913, the vorwerk was standardized. however, it never really gained widespread use, and is rare or non-existent outside continental europe.