the word "biscotto" instead, used in modern italian to refer to a biscuit (or cookie) of any kind, originates from the medieval latin word "biscoctus", meaning "twice-cooked". it characterised oven-baked goods that were baked twice, so they became very dry and could be stored for long periods of time. such non-perishable food was particularly useful during journeys and wars, and twice-baked breads were a staple food of the roman legions.