almost every issue of "montejurra" contained one or few pieces dwelling on the carlist past; the author who specialized in the topic was romero raizabal. some 130 years of carlist history provided a vast assortment of episodes to choose from and their treatment in "montejurra" did not differ significantly from the usual carlist approach, with exaltation of patriotic virtues, sacrifice, determination and loyalty. the period featured regularly was the last civil war, which earned a rubric titled "estampas de la cruzada"; however, also the third and the first carlist war received extensive treatment, carlist kings and leaders presented as icons of spanish history. historical threads in "montejurra" were published with contemporary objectives in mind, though it is not clear whether authors like romero raizabal were conscious of this long-term strategy. references to glorious past served as means of sustaining mobilization among the rank and file. they were also supposed to provide sound carlist credentials to the monthly which was increasingly advancing a new agenda and whose leaders were at times criticized for deviating from the party orthodoxy. unwavering loyalty to carlist kings, constantly underlined as a key virtue, remained instrumental in consolidating the ranks behind the borbón-parmas; fidelity to the legitimate dynasty played major role in the progressist strategy of taking control of the movement. finally, theoretical essays on carlist history were calibrated to emphasize threads useful in advancing own ideological agenda and presented carlism as a movement of social protest.