the river weaver forms the southern boundary of the parish and part of its western boundary, and two of its tributaries run north–south through the parish. another brook forms part of the parish's northern boundary. the terrain is gently undulating, with a high point of around 100 metres at the north-west corner of the parish and a low point of around 75 metres in the south, near chorley stock. the main land use is agricultural. there are multiple small meres and ponds scattered across the farmland, as well as a few small areas of woodland.