in 2000, longtime bonanno family consigliere, anthony "tony" spero, was indicted on loansharking, racketeering and murder in november and in 2001 he was sentenced to life imprisonment. that gave anthony rabito a promotion as the official consigliere of the bonannos. toward 2003, indictments were again handed out, this time against their own boss and underboss, as joseph massino and salvatore vitale were held against bail for racketeering, arson, extortion, loansharking, money laundering, illegal gambling, conspiracy and seven murders. because of this, nicholas santora was promoted to acting underboss in 2003.