in both (7) and (8), focus is associated with the focus sensitive expression "only". this is known as association with focus. the class of focus sensitive expressions in which focus can be associated with includes exclusives ("only", "just") non-scalar additives ("merely", "too") scalar additives ("also", "even"), particularlizers ("in particular", "for example"), intensifiers, quantificational adverbs, quantificational determiners, sentential connectives, emotives, counterfactuals, superlatives, negation and generics. it is claimed that focus operators must c-command their focus.