however, in the early nineties a major corruption scandal emerged. of the billions of lire that were earmarked for aid to the victims and rebuilding, the largest part disappeared from the earthquake reconstruction funds in the 1980s. of the $40 billion spent on earthquake reconstruction, an estimated $20 billion went to create an entirely new social class of millionaires in the region, $6.4 billion went to the camorra, whereas another $4 billion went to politicians in bribes. only the remaining $9.6 billion, a quarter of the total amount, was actually spent on people's needs.