in january 1991, a year after the berlin wall came down, brookings published mccgwire's follow-up book perestroika and soviet national security, in which he was able to explain what led to perestroika and the resulting implications for future relations with russia. furthermore, whereas so many commentators assumed that perestroika was a direct result of the confrontational policies of the reagan administration during the 1980s, mccgwire argued that reagan almost certainly delayed the process.