there is much ongoing debate regarding the origin of corruption and the definition of corruption in south africa. the inherited bureaucracy and political culture originating in the apartheid era renders corruption issues hard to trace and tackle. the creation of a new economic elite consisting of anc members or associates following 1994, created a context where corruption flourished under the new regime. both the new and old political order created their own types of corruption, benefitting those in their inner circles. although forms of endemic corruption were passed on to the new order, since 1994, new forms of corruption have persisted and layered themselves on top.