starting in the 1930s, a number of northeastern republicans took liberal positions regarding labor unions, spending and new deal policies. they included mayor fiorello la guardia in new york city, governor thomas e. dewey of new york, governor earl warren of california, governor harold stassen of minnesota, senator clifford p. case of new jersey, henry cabot lodge, jr. of massachusetts, senator prescott bush of connecticut (father and grandfather of the two bush presidents), senator jacob k. javits of new york, senator john sherman cooper of kentucky, senator george aiken of vermont, governor and later senator mark hatfield of oregon, governor william scranton of pennsylvania and governor george w. romney of michigan. the most notable of them all was governor nelson a. rockefeller of new york. they generally advocated a free-market, but with some level of regulation. rockefeller required employable welfare recipients to take available jobs or job training.