bell also combined his many artistic, scientific, literary and teaching talents in a number of wax preparations and detailed anatomical and surgical illustrations, paintings and engravings in his several books on these subjects, such as in his book "illustrations of the great operations of surgery: trepan, hernia, amputation, aneurism, and lithotomy" (1821). he wrote also the first treatise on notions of anatomy and physiology of facial expression for painters and illustrators, titled "essays on the anatomy of expression in painting" (1806).