in 1617 cosimo ii de’ medici summoned him to florence, where he worked closely with jacques callot. he held the post of court painter to the medici family and was highly esteemed for his original works with their wealth of dramatic, nocturnal scenes. from notebooks, filippo is known to have made hundreds of sketches of tuscan landscapes and towns. after his return to rome in 1621, he combined easel painting with fresco decorations featuring views of the countryside in the region of lazio with ancient roman ruins. napoletano's eclectic output recalls the nature focus of the tuscan contemporary jacopo ligozzi.