until the 18th century, sharia law was practiced throughout the muslim world in a non-codified form, with the ottoman empire's mecelle code in the 19th century being a first attempt at codifying elements of sharia law. since the mid-1940s, efforts have been made, in country after country, to bring sharia law more into line with modern conditions and conceptions. in modern times, the legal systems of many muslim countries draw upon both civil and common law traditions as well as islamic law and custom. the constitutions of certain muslim states, such as egypt and afghanistan, recognise islam as the religion of the state, obliging legislature to adhere to sharia. saudi arabia recognises quran as its constitution, and is governed on the basis of islamic law. iran has also witnessed a reiteration of islamic law into its legal system after 1979. during the last few decades, one of the fundamental features of the movement of islamic resurgence has been the call to restore the sharia, which has generated a vast amount of literature and affected world politics.