one popular example of modern fan fiction is e. l. james' "fifty shades of grey". this series was originally written as fan fiction for the "twilight" series of books and movies and played off the characters of bella and edward. in order to not infringe on copyright issues, james changed the character names to anna and christian for the purposes of her novels, which is a practice known as 'pulling-to-publish'. anna todd's 2013 fan fiction "after" about the english boy band one direction secured a book and movie deal with renamed characters in 2014.