twin brothers michael and william randall were cub scouts, a membership division of the boy scouts of america (bsa), in anaheim hills with den 4, pack 519 of the orange county council. they were on their way to earning the bear badge which included, in one of its four advancement areas, a religious component that asserted the existence of god and required the practice of one's faith as "taught in your home, church, synagogue, mosque, or religious fellowship," as well as a pledge asserting their duty to god which was included in the opinion of the court: