two subspecies are recognised, "p. m. mocinno" and "p. m. costaricensis". the epithet "mocinno" is llave's latinization of the name of the biologist j. m. mociño, a mentor of his. (it is sometimes spelled "mocino", but "ñ" was formerly spelled "nn" in spanish, so the spelling with "nn" is justified and in any case now official.)