dr. mathes investigated the practice described in these mahāmudrā works and found that it is not necessarily tantric. in saraha's dohās, it is simply the realization of mind's co-emergent nature with the help of a genuine guru. maitrīpa (ca. 1007– 085) uses the term mahāmudrā for precisely such an approach, thus employing an originally tantric term for something that is not a specifically tantric practice.