the work of a kapa haka consists of the group performance of a suite of songs and dances spanning several types of māori music and dance, strung together into a coherent whole. music and dance types that normally appear are "waiata tira" (warm-up song), "whakaeke" (entrance song), "waiata-ā-ringa" (action song), "haka" (challenge), "pou" or "mōteatea" (old-style singing), "poi" (co-ordinated swinging of balls attached to cords), and "whakawātea" (closing song). they may also include "tītī tōrea" (synchronised manipulation of thin sticks). in a full performance, which can last up to 40 minutes, each music or dance type may appear more than once.