in his late teens mark yoffe associated with a group of russian-speaking hippies, bohemians, students and artists in riga. together with his high school friend valery petropavlovsky, he published the first known soviet rock zine, "bez zhmogas," in 1977. together, they also produced underground art and literature almanac "дело #1", and several underground satirical rock opera librettos, novels and short stories. together with valery petropavlovsky, he formed garage avant-garde ensemble путь толстых ("the way of the fat ones") which practiced home-studio recordings of “concrete” and conceptual music and parodic audio plays.