troponins are also increased in patients with heart failure, where they also predict mortality and ventricular rhythm abnormalities. they can rise in inflammatory conditions such as myocarditis and pericarditis with heart muscle involvement (which is then termed myopericarditis). troponins can also indicate several forms of cardiomyopathy, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or (left) ventricular hypertrophy, peripartum cardiomyopathy, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or infiltrative disorders such as cardiac amyloidosis.