the kopet dag woodlands consists of xeric, shrublike woodlands known as "shiblyak", juniper woodlands, and riparian forest. shiblyak woodland is dominated by turkmen maple ("acer tucomanicum"), hawthorns ("crataegus" spp.) and the jerusalem thorn ("paliurus spinachristi"). at higher altitudes, there are fewer maples and the dominant trees are hawthorn, "juniperus turcomanica" and "celtis caucasica". on the mountain tops, grasses and cushion plants are the main members of the plant community. in the steep sided ravines, there are walnut trees, syrian ash, "thelycrania meyeri", "prunus divaricata", "lonicera floribunda", "rubus sanguinoides" and "rosa lacerans".