the united states' victory in the 1991 gulf war renewed interest in rma theory. in the view of rma proponents, american dominance through superior technology emphasized how the united states' technological advances reduced the relative power of the iraqi military, by no means a lightweight rival, to insignificance. according to stephen biddle, part of the growth in popularity of the rma theory after the gulf war was that virtually all american military experts drastically over-estimated the coalition casualty count. this led many experts to assume that their models of war were wrong—that a revolution of sorts had occurred.