one bacterium in particular, the organism "mycobacterium avium" subspecies "paratuberculosis" (map), which causes johne's disease in cattle and is suspected of causing at least some crohn's disease in humans, has been found to survive pasteurization in retail milk in the u.s., the u.k., greece, and the czech republic. the food safety authorities in the u.k. have decided to re-evaluate pasteurization standards in light of the map results and other evidence of harmful, pasteurization-resistant pathogens.