the kapa investment scam was one of the biggest financial investment fraud scandals in philippine history. an estimated five million people were duped by the religious company kapa-community ministry international, which promised a 30% monthly return on investments for life. kapa started in 2016 as kapa coop convenience store and general merchandise in the city of bislig, founded by joel apolinario. the city economic enterprise department (ceed) shut down the business for failing to comply with some provisions. in august 2017, apolinario was charged with 102 cases for not settling claims; 27 arrest warrants were issued. however, all the cases were all dismissed with the complainants compensated. apolinario's company moved south, becoming kapa-community ministry international. the company enlisted new recruits, who became member-donors and in turn recruited new members. on june 8, 2019, philippine president rodrigo duterte ordered the corporation to be shut down over the scheme.