garcia and otheguy (2016) implies the language and achievement gap derive from racist ideals that reinforce the idea that some cultures are seen as "disadvantaged". to place the blame on different backgrounds is to invalidate their way to make meaning just because they have different cultures. thus, to not consider the responsibility of the schooling system is to promote the homogeneity of standardized english and this notion that anyone who does not speak or understand it is inferior and prone to future failure. garcia argues it deligitimatizes backgrounds of families and their linguistic and cultural practices because it is not seen to be "successful" in the eyes of the education system.