this kind of anomaly can occur in odd-dimensional gauge theories with fermions whose gauge groups have odd dual coxeter numbers. they were first introduced by antti j. niemi and gordon walter semenoff in the letter axial-anomaly-induced fermion fractionization and effective gauge-theory actions in odd-dimensional space-times and by a. norman redlich in the letter gauge noninvariance and parity nonconservation of three-dimensional fermions and the article parity violation and gauge noninvariance of the effective gauge field action in three dimensions. it is in some sense an odd-dimensional version of edward witten's su(2) anomaly in 4-dimensions, and in fact redlich writes that his demonstration follows witten's.