government initiatives against corruption are coordinated by the department of public service and administration. the public protector also plays a role in fighting corruption. a disbanded independent anti-corruption unit named the scorpions was replaced by the hawks. the hawks are south africa's directorate for priority crime investigation (dpci) designed to target organized crime, economic crime, and corruption. the group was established by the zuma administration in 2008. south africa has well-developed framework and legislation outlining corruption initiatives. the prevention and combating of corruption act (pcca) criminalizes corruption in public and private sectors and codifies specific offences, making it easier for courts to use the legislation. this act especially condemns bribery, extortion, abuse of power, and money laundering while obliging public officials to report corruption offences. like many corruption regulation in south africa, the pcca is poorly implemented and the act does not include any protectionary measures for whistleblowers.