in the last part of the nineteenth century, the first critical books about austen's works were printed. in 1890 godwin smith printed the "life of jane austen". this began a "fresh phase in the critical heritage". this began "formal (official) criticism". people began focusing on austen as a writer and analyzing the ways that made her writing special. southam said that there was much more austen criticism around 1780. he also said that the reviews became better. however, he was troubled at the "certain uniformity" in them: