a study in 2007 looked at how reminiscence therapy affected both cognitive and affective function in 102 demented elderly. the study used established scales to determine the effect of reminiscence treatment using a pre- and post-test self-report design. for cognitive function, the study used the mini-mental state examination (mmse). for affective function the researchers used the geriatric depression scale short form (gds-sf) to determine the personal opinion of the demented elderly on their state of well-being and the cornell scale for depression in dementia (csdd) to analyze how their caregivers felt the patient was doing emotionally. the randomized study found significant improvements in both the mmse and csdd scores pre to post test, which is an encouraging sign that reminiscence therapy has a positive effect in helping both cognitive and emotional functions for the demented elderly.