in contrast to what was initially thought, temporal focusing is remarkably robust to scattering. its ability to penetrate through turbid media with minimal speckle was used in optogenetics, enabling photo-excitation of arbitrary light patterns through tissue. temporal focusing was later combined with single-pixel detection to overcome the effect of scattering on fluorescent photons. this technique, called trafix, enabled wide-field imaging through biological tissue at great depths with higher signal-to-background ratio and lower photobleaching than standard point-scanning two-photon microscopy.