in 1914, when world war i broke out, the ottoman empire joined the central powers against britain and france. britain now removed the nominal role of constantinople, proclaimed a sultanate of egypt and abolished the khedivate on 5 november 1914. abbas ii, who supported the central powers and was in vienna for a state visit, was deposed from the khedivate throne in his absence by the enforcement of the british military authorities in cairo and was banned from returning to egypt. he was succeeded by his uncle hussein kamel, who took the title of sultan on 19 december 1914.