person–environment fit (p–e fit) is defined as the degree to which individual and environmental characteristics match (dawis, 1992; french, caplan, & harrison, 1982; kristof-brown, zimmerman, & johnson, 2005; muchinsky & monahan, 1987). person characteristics may include an individual's biological or psychological needs, values, goals, abilities, or personality, while environmental characteristics could include intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, demands of a job or role, cultural values, or characteristics of other individuals and collectives in the person's social environment (french et al., 1982). due to its important implications in the workplace, person–environment fit has maintained a prominent position in industrial and organizational psychology and related fields (for a review of theories that address person-environment fit in organizations, see edwards, 2008).