industrial hip hop fuses the themes and aesthetics of industrial with hip hop music. its origins are in the work of mark stewart and adrian sherwood. in 1985, stewart, former pop group singer, released "as the veneer of democracy starts to fade", applying the cut-up style of industrial music with the house band of sugar hill records (doug wimbish, keith leblanc, and skip mcdonald). sherwood was a major figure in british dub music, as well as working with industrial groups such as cabaret voltaire, einstürzende neubauten, ministry, kmfdm, and nine inch nails. tackhead, a collaboration between sherwood and the sugar hill band, picked up where stewart left off. the disposable heroes of hiphoprisy, from san francisco, and meat beat manifesto, from the uk, are also early representatives of the style. the later work of broadrick's godflesh, as well as his collaborations with kevin martin, ice, and techno animal, are examples of industrial hip hop. saul williams, a slam poet, also performs in the style. other notable contributors include cx kidtronik, clipping., b l a c k i e, death grips, jpegmafia and electric caves.