syntactic decomposition for categorization of parts of speech includes an explanation for why some verbs and nouns have a predictable relationship to their nominal counterparts and why some don't. it says that the predictable forms are denominal and that the unpredictable forms are strictly root-derived. the examples provided are of the english verbs "hammer" and "tape". a verb such as hammer is a root-derived form, meaning that it can appear within an np or within a vp. a denominalized verb, such as tape must first be converted from an np because its meaning relies on the semantics of the noun.