while the individual systems constituting a system of systems can be very different and operate independently, their interactions typically expose and deliver important emergent properties. these emergent patterns have an evolving nature that stakeholders must recognize, analyze and understand. the system of systems approach does not advocate particular tools, methods or practices; instead, it promotes a new way of thinking for solving grand challenges where the interactions of technology, policy, and economics are the primary drivers. system of systems study is related to the general study of designing, complexity and systems engineering, but also brings to the fore the additional challenge of design.