the modern phenomenon of fan fiction as an expression of fandom and fan interaction was popularized and defined via "star trek" fandom and their fanzines published in the 1960s. the first "star trek" fanzine, "spockanalia" (1967), contained some fan fiction; many others followed its example. these fanzines were produced via offset printing and mimeography, and mailed to other fans or sold at science fiction conventions for a small fee to help recoup costs. unlike other aspects of fandom, women dominated fan fiction authoring; 83% of "star trek" fan fiction authors were female by 1970, and 90% by 1973. one scholar states that fan fiction "fill[s] the need of a mostly female audience for fictional narratives that expand the boundary of the official source products offered on the television and movie screen."