in literature, magical abilities have many different power sources. technological ability (science) can appear as magic. often, wielding magic is accomplished by imposing one's will by concentration and/or use of devices to control an external magical force. this explanation is offered for the force in "star wars", magic in "dungeons and dragons", and magic in "the chronicles of narnia" and "the lord of the rings". the latter two works are by notable christians, c. s. lewis and j. r. r. tolkien, respectively. in the first chronological book of "the chronicles of narnia", "the magician's nephew", lewis specifically explains that magic is a power available on other worlds, not on earth. the empress jadis (later, the white witch) was tempted to use magic for selfish reasons to retain control of her world charn, which ultimately lead to the destruction of life there.