the fulanis who are traditionally herders and the dogon who are traditionally farmers have had a historic dispute over grazing land and water which has been exacerbated by the spread of jihadism in mali. the dogon have accused the fulani of supporting al-qaeda and other terrorist groups operating in mali, while the fulani have accused the state of sponsoring the dogons to attack them. minusma had recorded 488 fulani deaths in attacks by dogon, and 63 dogon deaths from fulani attacks during the period from january 2018 to 16 may 2019 in the mopti and ségou regions. the deadliest was the ogossagou massacre. the jama'at nasr al-islam wal muslimin and amadou koufa had promised retaliation by fulanis.