in the 1890s, the opportunist republican parable ended as the panama scandals of 1892 involved prominent radical politicians like clemenceau, alfred naquet and léon bourgeois, granting a large victory to the anr in the legislative elections the following year. however, the dreyfus affair broke out in 1893, causing the formation of two factions, namely the dreyfusards like émile zola, anatole france and clemenceau who supported the innocence of the jewish colonel and the anti-dreyfusard like édouard drumont, jules méline and raymond poincaré who accused dreyfus of betrayal, partially due to rampant antisemitism. the anr, which méline and poincaré were members of, refused the antisemitic thesis, but took side with the anti-dreyfus field. this decision was fatal for the anr's destiny. in 1899, the re-conviction of the colonel dreyfus, with a partial pardon favored by the republican pierre waldeck-rousseau, caused divisions inside the anr, aggravated by the rehabilitation of dreyfus in 1900. to remove the mole of antisemitism, waldeck-rousseau founded the democratic republican alliance (adr) in 1901, claiming the heritage of ferry and gambetta. many moderate republicans joined the adr, including yves guyot, ferdinand dreyfus (not linked with the colonel), narcisse leven and david raynal. the moderate republicans who had remained in the anr finally adhered along with progressive republicans to the republican federation, a right-wing party very distant from the original anr's beliefs.