in recent decades, many from this group have inter-married with pintupi-speaking people. during the mid 20th-century, the pintupi were forced to leave their lands and were settled into government-built stations. papunya became a settlement for both pintupi and luritja. in the 1980s, many of these people moved back west to kintore. both communities now mainly speak a hybridised dialect known as pintupi-luritja.