yet another process was developed in 1902 by arthur c. cattermole, who emulsified the pulp with a small quantity of oil, subjected it to violent agitation, then slow stirring which coagulated the target minerals into nodules which were separated from the pulp by gravity. the minerals separation ltd., formed in britain in 1903 to acquire the cattermole patent, found that it proved unsuccessful. metallurgists on the staff continued to test and combine other discoveries to patent in 1905 their process, called the sulman-picard-ballot process after company officers and patentees. the process proved successful at their central block plant, broken hill that year. significant in their "agitation froth flotation" process was the use of less than 1% oil and an agitation step that created small bubbles, which provided more surface to capture the metal and float into a froth at the surface. useful work was done by leslie bradford at port pirie and by william piper, sir herbert gepp and auguste de bavay.