even before the first pendolino emu was built in italy, in 1972, fiat and renfe signed an agreement for cooperation in tilting-train development. the first fruit of the cooperation was the equipment of a renfe class 432 emu with the active tilting suspension in september 1972. after successful tests, spanish trainmaker construcciones y auxiliar de ferrocarriles and fiat built a prototype similar to the etr 401, which was delivered in 1976 as renfe class 443, nicknamed "platanito" (little banana) for its yellow livery. the four-car train had a commercial top speed of 180 km/h and achieved a then speed record for spain of 206 km/h on 6 may 1987. however, the train remained a unique specimen, as renfe favoured the entirely domestic talgo pendular, a tilting train with passive suspension introduced in 1980. after revenue service in 1979-1982, the train was used for charter and test runs.