some film historians believe "citizen kane"'s visual brilliance was due primarily to the contributions of toland, rather than director orson welles. however, many welles scholars maintain that the visual style of "kane" is similar to many of welles's other films, and hence should be considered the director's work. nevertheless, the welles movies that most resemble "citizen kane" ("the magnificent ambersons", "the stranger", and "touch of evil") were shot by toland collaborators stanley cortez and russell metty (at rko).