debates have continued as to whether, in a democratic sense, the lasting effects of francoism were greater or lesser than the actual changes. one aspect described as an inheritance from the francoist past is the notable individualism of spain's leadership (e.g. adolfo suarez, felipe gonzález, josé maría aznar, josé luis rodríguez zapatero, mariano rajoy and pedro sánchez) coupled with the extraordinary sway that the government holds over the parliament, much greater than in other european democracies. although the 1978 constitution cannot be described as a presidential system, the powers held by the prime minister are ample. on the other hand, the investiture of the prime minister has always occurred without too many issues until the inconclusive 2015 general election, especially compared to other parliamentary democracies (such as italy); government mandates have been stable (except for the failed "coup d'état" of 1981, or perhaps precisely because of it) and lengthy (except the government of leopoldo calvo-sotelo, due to that same circumstance), and have never resorted to coalition government. a final aspect is the fact that the spanish government has traditionally been a two-party system with smaller, peripheral nationalist/regionalist parties, although the recent rise of podemos and ciudadanos has produced a more fragmented parliament.