by this time the ottomans had been defeated in world war i, and ottoman suzerainty and control in arabia was no more. with the help of the ikhwan, the hejaz was conquered in 1924–25. following this victory however the ikhwan clashed with ibn saud. he opposed their raiding the british protectorates of transjordan, iraq and kuwait, to expand of the wahhabist realm, and they opposed his policies of allowing some modernization and some non-muslim foreigners in the country. the ikhwan were defeated and their leaders executed in 1930 after a two-year struggle. in 1932 the two kingdoms of the hejaz and nejd were united as the "kingdom of saudi arabia".