on 5 march 1993, ahead of the 1993 election, albert langer received warnings from the australian electoral commission not to run the campaign he had initiated. he sought relief from the high court to stop the aec from intimidating him, and to determine the validity of section 329a. the matter was reviewed by justice william deane (who shortly afterwards became governor general). deane dismissed his injunction application, but referred the question to the full bench. the case was joined with a similar challenge by patrick muldowney to south australian electoral matters to determine the validity of section 126. the matters were heard in canberra in october 1995.