sandink argued that there are major discrepancies in cost estimates for flood damage in general and for hurricane hazel in particular. neither insurance companies nor governments cover the full damage. the department of public safety and emergency preparedness canada estimates the total cost of hurricane hazel for canada, taking into account long-term effects such as economic disruption, the cost of lost property, and recovery costs, as being 137,552,400 1,126,947,163 (in 2009 dollars). university of western ontario geography professor dan shrubsole estimated the costsat about 2 billion (2008). environment canada estimated the flood damages at 25 million (1954) or 205 million (in 2008 dollars).