the programme also disproved claims that some deterioration in the quality of the gunpowder would have prevented the explosion. a portion of deliberately deteriorated gunpowder, at such a low quality as to make it unusable in firearms, when placed in a heap and ignited, still managed to create a large explosion. the impact of even deteriorated gunpowder would have been magnified by the impact of its compression in wooden barrels, with the compression overcoming any deterioration in the quality of the contents. the compression would have created a cannon effect, with the powder first blowing up from the top of the barrel before, a millisecond later, blowing out. in addition, mathematical calculations showed that fawkes, who was skilled in the use of gunpowder, had used double the amount of gunpowder needed.