harmandir sahib, or "darbar sahib" (also known as the golden temple), is culturally the most important shrine in sikhism, considered the spiritual and cultural centre of sikhs. located in amritsar, punjab, india. it is one of the oldest sikh gurdwaras. it is located in the city of amritsar, india, which was established by guru ram das, the fourth guru of the sikhs and the city was also built around the shrine, known as "guru di nagri" meaning city of the sikh guru. it is made from white marble to keep the ground cool and pleasant. it was later laid with real gold which was provided by the emperor of sikh empire, maharaja ranjit singh.