suresh h. moolgavkar m.d., ph.d. (born 3 january 1943 in bombay, india) is a mathematician and epidemiologist at the university of washington and the fred hutchinson cancer research center in seattle. among his many scientific contributions is the development of the two-stage clonal expansion (tsce) model of carcinogenesis, also known as the moolgavkar-venzon-knudson (mvk) model, a stochastic cell-level description of carcinogenesis based on alfred g. knudson’s two-hit hypothesis. in its original development the tsce model represents tumor initiation as the first hit, followed by cell proliferation (clonal expansion) and malignant transformation as the second hit. it has been interpreted as describing the initiation-promotion-progression sequence observed in chemical carcinogenesis and has been applied widely for the analysis of both experimental and epidemiological data for purposes of quantitative risk assessment.