in resolution 573, the council of europe supported the legality of the first wave of the turkish invasion that occurred in july 1974, as per article 4 of the guarantee treaty of 1960, which allows turkey, greece, and the united kingdom to unilaterally intervene militarily in failure of a multilateral response to crisis in cyprus. the court of appeal in athens further stated in 1979 that the first wave of the turkish invasion was legal and that "the real culprits... are the greek officers who engineered and staged a coup and prepared the conditions for the invasion".