researchers using molecular data have concluded that carnivory evolved independently in the poales ("brocchinia" and "catopsis" in the bromelaceae), the caryophyllales (droseraceae, nepenthaceae, drosophyllaceae, dioncophyllaceae), the oxalidales ("cephalotus"), the ericales (sarraceniaceae and roridulaceae), and twice in the lamiales (lentibulariaceae and independently in byblidaceae).  the oldest evolution of an existing carnivory lineage has been dated to 85.6 million years ago, with the most recent being "brocchinia reducta" in the bromeliaceae estimated at only 1.9 mya.