on december 13, 2012, taitz filed in sacramento, california a lawsuit of behalf of james grinols (a republican elector from minnesota), robert odden (a libertarian elector from minnesota), keith judd (a federal prisoner who was on the west virginia democratic primary ballot), edward noonan (who won the american independent party presidential primary in california), and thomas macleran (who filed to run as a republican for president) seeking to prevent congress from certifying the electoral college's vote. the lawsuit also sought to prevent california officials from certifying the election results from the 2012 presidential election. on january 3, 2013, district judge morrison c. england jr. denied the plaintiffs' request for a temporary restraining order to prevent congress from certifying the electoral college's vote. in april 2013, the court dismissed the suit. in november 2015, the 9th circuit affirmed the district court's dismissal.