the beninean historian dieudonné gnammankou, an expert on russia, studied russian, french and african sources and argued that gannibal was indeed from logone-birni and was most likely the son of a chief in the ancient sultanate. in 1995, gnammankou asserted that the "logon" gannibal wrote about was actually logone, capital of the old kotoko kingdom of logone-birni, now located in northern cameroon. he believed that the pattern of slave trade around lake chad made that region a more plausible likelihood for gannibal's birthplace than gondar, ethiopia. gnammankou's biography of gannibal was translated into russian, and was voted the best book on pushkin at the 1999 moscow book fair.