the technological skills associated with making these complex structures moved into china along the trade routes. the longmen grottoes, the mogao caves, and the yungang grottoes consist of hundreds of caves many with statues of buddha in them. most were built between 460–525 ad. there are extensive rock-cut buildings, including houses and churches in cappadocia, turkey. they were built over a span of hundreds of years prior to the 5th century ce. emphasis here was more on the interiors than the exteriors.