at the restoration, infantry regiments and a few troops of horse were established and there were attempts to found a national militia on the english model. the standing army was mainly employed in the suppression of covenanter rebellions and the guerrilla war undertaken by the cameronians in the east. pikemen became less important and after the introduction of the socket bayonet disappeared altogether, while matchlock muskets were replaced by the more reliable flintlock. on the eve of the glorious revolution the standing army in scotland was about 3,250 men. the scots were drawn into king william ii's continental wars. scottish seamen received protection against arbitrary impressment, but a fixed quota of conscripts for the royal navy was levied from the sea-coast burghs. there were now royal navy patrols in scottish waters even in peacetime. scottish privateers played a major part in the second anglo-dutch war. in the 1690s a fleet of five ships was established for the darien scheme, and a professional navy of three warships to protect local shipping. after the act of union in 1707, these vessels were transferred to the royal navy. at the union, the standing army was seven units of infantry, two of horse and one troop of horse guards, besides varying levels of fortress artillery. as part of the british army, scottish regiments took part in a series of wars on the european continent. the first official highland regiment to be raised for the british army was the black watch in 1740, but the growth of highland regiments was delayed by the 1745 jacobite rebellion. the bulk of jacobite armies were made up of highlanders, serving in clan regiments. the jacobites often started campaigns poorly armed, but arms became more conventional as the rebellions progressed.