the nôm ideographs were extracted from two dictionaries published in the 1970s, one in saigon and the other in hanoi. v source annotations were added to the glyphs that were already encoded. the rest were assigned codepoints in extension b. "the hán nôm coded character repertoire" (2008) integrates the work of the han-nom institute with that of the u.s.-based vietnamese nôm preservation foundation. this book presents a comprehensive list of 19,981 sino-vietnamese characters, including the nôm ideographs, manuscript variants, characters formerly used by the tay people of northern vietnam, as well as numerous chinese characters with han-viet readings.