in many languages, pharyngeal consonants trigger advancement of neighboring vowels. pharyngeals thus differ from uvulars, which nearly always trigger retraction. for example, in some dialects of arabic, the vowel is fronted to [æ] next to pharyngeals, but it is retracted to next to uvulars, as in حال 'condition', with a pharyngeal fricative and a fronted vowel, compared to خال 'maternal uncle', with a uvular consonant and a retracted vowel.