there are distinguished methods of legal reasoning (applying the law) and methods of interpreting (construing) the law. the former are legal syllogism, which holds sway in civil law legal systems, analogy, which is present in common law legal systems, especially in the us, and argumentative theories that occur in both systems. the latter are different rules (directives) of legal interpretation such as directives of linguistic interpretation, teleological interpretation or systemic interpretation as well as more specific rules, for instance, golden rule or mischief rule. there are also many other arguments and cannons of interpretation which altogether make statutory interpretation possible.