landscape-based solutions to water management are offered as an "alternative to traditional infrastructure (pumping stations, levees, etc.)." municipalities in canada are encouraging soft engineering practices. after the 1954 flood in toronto caused by hurricane hazel, ontario "responded with strict floodplain protection legislation." by june 2013 toronto has seen the completion of the lower don river west remedial flood control project, based on the approved federal ea and provincial class ea by toronto and region conservation and toronto waterfront revitalization corporation. the approved flood control strategy included construction of a -high berm designed to protect the eastern downtown from a major flood, even a 500-year storm, by directing potential flood waters south toward the lake, and the construction of additional rail bridge capacity to compensate for lost floodplain flow capacity. the berm is finished as a hilly park with pathways and prairie grasses overlooking the mouth of the don river, demonstrating the integration of soft and hard engineering practices.