from 1813 to 1815 he governed the finances of the occupied duchy of warsaw and between 1815 and 1830 he served in the government of the congress kingdom of poland. in the kingdom of poland, he was the tsar's commissar at the council of state. he was very influential, widely feared, and one of the "de facto" rulers of the country. he organized and led the russian secret police there (okhrana). he was responsible for arrests of student activists in the philomaths and filaret association in 1823. from 1824, he was curator of vilna governorate's education and science. he was a supporter of russification policies, persecuted many pro-polish organizations and activists, and was detested by contemporary polish society.