in (13) we note that the verb "make" is not given by the sentence in (12). it is discourse new. therefore, it is available for accentuation. however, "toast" in (13) is given in (12). therefore, it is not available for accentuation. as previously mentioned, pitch accenting can relate to focus. accented words are often said to be in focus or f-marked often represented by f-markers. the relationship between accent placement is mediated through the discourse status of particular syntactic nodes. the percolation of f-markings in a syntactic tree is sensitive to argument structure and head-phrase relations.