in the late-1980s, 1990s, and 2000s ideological, postcolonial, and marxist criticism dominated austen studies. generating heated debate, edward said devoted a chapter of his book "culture and imperialism" (1993) to "mansfield park", arguing that the peripheral position of "antigua" and the issue of slavery demonstrated that colonial oppression was an unspoken assumption of english society during the early nineteenth century. in "jane austen and the body: 'the picture of health"', (1992) john wiltshire explored the preoccupation with illness and health of austen's characters. wiltshire addressed current theories of "the body as sexuality", and more broadly how culture is "inscribed" on the representation of the body. there has also been a return to considerations of aesthetics with d. a. miller's "jane austen, or the secret of style" (2003) which connects artistic concerns with queer theory.