the broadr-reach automotive ethernet standard realizes simultaneous transmit and receive (i.e., full-duplex) operations on a single-pair cable. in order to better de-correlate the signal, the digital signal processor (dsp) uses a highly optimized scrambler when compared to the scrambler used in 100base-tx. this provides a robust and efficient signaling scheme required by automotive applications. the broadr-reach automotive ethernet standard uses a signaling scheme with higher spectral efficiency than that of 100base-tx. this limits the signal bandwidth of automotive ethernet to 33.3 mhz, which is about half the bandwidth of 100base-tx. a lower signal bandwidth improves return loss, reduces crosstalk, and ensures that broadr-reach automotive ethernet standard passes the stringent automotive electromagnetic emission requirements.