upon his return to constantinople with new impressions and information, he wrote a series of articles entitled "ughevorutiun i kovkasia" (ուղեւորութիւն ի կովկասիա, travels in the caucasus). in 1884, alongside other intellectuals, he launched a new daily called "arevelk" (արեւելք, orient) with the aim of promoting closer relations between eastern and western armenians. "arevelk", which was a literary and political newspaper with democratic tendencies, attracted a number of young writers who would form the core of the school of realism. the paper was published until 1912.