the basic meaning of this equation is that a particle, such as an electron, is not "just" a point-like particle, but also a type of wave. the philosophical implications will be explored shortly. another fundamental of quantum mechanics is the heisenberg uncertainty principle. this bizarre theory is the idea that the position and the momentum of an object cannot both be known. the greater the certainty of the "position" of an object, the less the certainty of the "momentum" of the object. the mathematical formulation of this is given by