the oath against modernism was required of "all clergy, pastors, confessors, preachers, religious superiors, and professors in philosophical-theological seminaries" of the catholic church from 1910 until 1967. it was instituted on 1 september 1910 by pope pius x in his "motu proprio" "sacrorum antistitum" and rescinded on 17 july 1967 by the congregation for the doctrine of the faith with the approval of paul vi.