following the revolutions of 1848 and the liberalization of press laws, the italian nationalist organization, called the italian national society, was created in 1857 by daniele manin and giorgio pallevicino. the national society was created to promote and spread nationalism to political moderates in piedmont and raised money, held public meetings, and produced newspapers. the national society helped to establish a base for italian nationalism amongst the educated middle class. by 1860, the national society influenced dominant liberal circles in italy and won over middle class support for the union of piedmont and lombardy.