james iv brought in experts from france, germany and the netherlands and established a gun foundry in 1511. edinburgh castle had a house of artillery where visitors could see cannon cast for what became a formidable train, allowing him to send cannon to france and ireland and to quickly subdue norham castle in the flodden campaign. however, his 18 heavy artillery pieces had to be drawn by 400 oxen and slowed the advancing scots army, proving ineffective against the longer-range and smaller-calibre english guns at the battle of flodden field.