kapa haka are mixed groups of anywhere between several and dozens of people, dressed in neo-traditional māori dress. these groups comprise individuals linked in some way, be it by extended family group, "iwi" (tribe), school, or some other association. performers are largely synchronised, but with men sometimes doing some actions while women do others. a few performers have particular roles, such as the "kaitataki" (male and female leaders), often moving among the performers to urge them on. composers, arrangers, choreographers and costume designers also play major roles.