christchurch had steam and horse trams from 1880, then electric trams from 6 june 1905 to 11 september 1954. they were replaced by trolleybuses and motor buses. a christchurch heritage tram line was established in the city centre on a loop track in 1995, and reopened on a limited circuit in november 2013 after being temporarily non-operational following the christchurch earthquake of 2011, which interrupted tramway services while the cbd was cordoned off. the tramway reopened november 27, 2013 on a combination of the original route and an extension that was in progress at the time of the earthquakes. there are plans to extend the route in 2014 to include the full pre-earthquake circuit and the extension through the re:start mall and high street which was nearly complete when the february 2011 earthquake struck.