the highest forested zone on the volcano, at an elevation of , is dominated by māmane ("sophora chrysophylla") and naio ("myoporum sandwicense"), both endemic tree species, and is thus known as māmane–naio forest. māmane seeds and naio fruit are the chief foods of the birds in this zone, especially the palila ("loxioides bailleui"). the palila was formerly found on the slopes of mauna kea, mauna loa, and hualālai, but is now confined to the slopes of mauna kea—only 10% of its former range—and has been declared critically endangered.