ethical theory in greek culture predates philosophical reflection. the main ethical category for ancient greeks was aretē, which is usually translated into english as "virtue" but sometimes as "excellence," which is closer in meaning. aretē means an excellence of strength or ability, and is ultimately bound up with the notion of the fulfillment of purpose or function: the act of living up to one's full potential. the objective of a successful life was attaining timē, or honor. also an important concept in greek culture was that of hybris, trying to go beyond one's possibilities. the literary source of this folk ethical theory can be seen in homer, greek tragedy and also aesop's fables.