north korea's engagement with "chongryon" continued on into the 1990s. at the time, japan was going through a recession and there was a revival in japanese nationalism that perceived "chongryon" as a national security threat. the rise of japanese neo-nationalism caused a renewed deterioration of relations with the koreans living in japan. the japanese government started to monitor the "chongryon" affiliated schools more closely, including their educational curriculum and their financial ties, as they had been sending monetary aid to north korea. by 1999, 90% of korean children in japan received their education in a japanese school.