scots played a major part in the development of teacher education. andrew bell (1753–1832) pioneered the monitorial system, by which the more able pupils would pass on the information they had learned to other children and which developed into the pupil-teacher system of training. it was further developed by john wood, sheriff-depute of peebles, who tended to favour fierce competition in the classroom and strict discipline. in contrast david stow (1793–1864), who founded the first infant school in scotland, in glasgow in 1828, focused on the bond between teacher and child and advocated the "glasgow method", which centred on trained adult teachers. he established the first teacher training college in the united kingdom, the glasgow normal seminary. when, after the great disruption it was declared the property of the church of scotland, he founded the free church normal seminary in 1845. ultimately wood's ideas played a greater role in the scottish educational system as they fitted with the need for rapid expansion and low costs that resulted from the reforms of 1872. scottish schoolmasters gained a reputation for strictness and frequent use of the tawse, a belt of horse hide split at one end that inflicted stinging punishment on the hands of pupils.