the carolingian gaus were divided into districts called "zentmarken". for these districts names such as ""(unter)gau"" (sub-gau), “"zente"” (center), or “"mark"” (march) were used. the original "zentmarken" of the niederlahngau were probably the reckenforst around dietkirchen, the hadamarer mark, the ellarer mark, and the zente winnen - höhn. in the oberlahngau were the haiger mark and the herborner mark. the erdagau should also be understood as a sub-gau of the lahngau. the assignment of the kallenbach zent (or kallenbergskopf) north of present-day löhnberg is unclear and depends on which interpretation of the boundary is adopted. with increasingly denser populations, the "zentmarken" were divided or new ones were established.