criminal law offences are viewed as offences against not just individual victims, but the community as well. the state, usually with the help of police, takes the lead in prosecution, which is why in common law countries cases are cited as ""the people" v ..." or ""r" (for rex or regina) v ...". also, lay juries are often used to determine the guilt of defendants on points of fact: juries cannot change legal rules. some developed countries still condone capital punishment for criminal activity, but the normal punishment for a crime will be imprisonment, fines, state supervision (such as probation), or community service. modern criminal law has been affected considerably by the social sciences, especially with respect to sentencing, legal research, legislation, and rehabilitation. on the international field, 111 countries are members of the international criminal court, which was established to try people for crimes against humanity.