"nepenthes rajah" has a remarkable mutualism with two unrelated small mammals, the mountain treeshrew ("tupaia montana") and the summit rat ("rattus baluensis"). the tree shrews and the rats defecate into the plant's traps while visiting them to feed on sweet, fruity secretions from glands on the pitcher lids. the tree shrew also has a similar relationship with at least two other giant species of "nepenthes". more subtly, hardwicke's woolly bat ("kerivoula hardwickii"), a small species, roosts beneath the operculum (lid) of "nepenthes hemsleyana". the bat's excretions that land in the pitcher pay for the shelter, as it were. to the plant the excreta are more readily assimilable than intact insects would be.