the failure of troude's squadron to escape the british pursuit highlights the dominance of the royal navy in the atlantic by 1809. with martinique gone, and french guiana and san domingo falling the same year, guadeloupe was the only remaining french possession in the west indies. despite the supplies carried by troude's ships, the situation there was desperate: food shortages and financial crisis causing a collapse in the island's morale. when a further effort to resupply the island was defeated in december 1809, the french losing two more frigates, the inhabitants had no alternative but to wait for the inevitable british invasion. in january 1810, cochrane ordered an amphibious landing on guadeloupe, which rapidly overwhelmed the weakened defenders and eliminated the last remaining french colony in the caribbean sea.