testimonies exist from contemporaries, such as the yorkshire chartist ben wilson, that a successful rising at newport was to have been the signal for a national uprising. older histories suggested that chartism slipped into a period of internal division after newport. in fact the movement was remarkably buoyant (and remained so until late 1842). initially, while the majority of chartists, under the leadership of feargus o'connor, concentrated on petitioning for frost, williams and jones to be pardoned, significant minorities in sheffield, east end of london and bradford planned their own risings in response. samuel holberry led an aborted rising in sheffield on 12 january; police action thwarted a major disturbance in the east end of london on 14 january, and on 26 january a few hundred bradford chartists staged a rising in the hope of precipitating a domino effect across the country. after this chartism turned to a process of internal renewal and more systematic organisation, but the transported and imprisoned newport chartists were regarded as heroes and martyrs amongst workers.