the "wei liaozi" frequently advocates both a civil and military approach to affairs. according to the text, agriculture and people are the two greatest resources of the state, and both should be nurtured and provided for. although the "wei liaozi" does not specifically mention confucianism, the text advocates a government based on humanistic values, in line with that school of thought. the ruler should be the paradigm of virtue in the state. however, heterodoxy and other values not conducive to the state should be punished using draconian measures.