during the late 1950s, a lutheran mission was set up at papunya. in the 1970s, many of the people living here moved back to their homelands as part of the outstation movement. the pintupi moved back west, closer to their homeland around lake mackay. they set up the town of kintore in 1981, about west of papunya. during this time, local painters were slowly forming a new style of art. by the mid-1980s, it became internationally known as papunya tula.