juan manuel de rosas's first term as governor lasted only three years. his rule, assisted by juan facundo quiroga and estanislao lópez, was respected and he was praised for his ability to maintain harmony between buenos aires and the rural areas. the country fell into disorder after rosas's resignation in 1832, and in 1835 he was once again called to lead the country. he ruled the country not as he did during his first term as governor, but as a dictator, forcing all citizens to support his federalist regime. according to nicolas shumway, rosas "forced the citizens to wear the red federalist insignia, and his picture appeared in all public places...  rosas's enemies, real and imagined, were increasingly imprisoned, tortured, murdered, or driven into exile by the "mazorca", a band of spies and thugs supervised personally by rosas. publications were censored, and "porteño" newspapers became tedious apologizers for the regime".