in 816, the emperor louis the pious held a council at aix, at which it was ordered that canons and canonesses live together according to a set of rules (canons, "regulae"). in the roman synod of pope eugene ii of november 826, it was ordered that canons live together in a cloister next to the church. in 876, the council of pavia decreed in canon x that the bishops should enclose the canons: "uti episcopi in civitatibus suis proximum ecclesiae claustrum instituant, in quo ipsi cum clero secundum canonicam regulam deo militent, et sacerdotes suos ad hoc constringant, ut ecclesiam non relinquant et alibi habitare praesumant."