for horned instruments, the mesopotamians seem to have had horn instruments, similar to today's french horn and trumpet. only few surviving examples remain, for example a silver trumpet found in the tomb of the pharaoh tutankhamen. most of the horns in ancient mesopotamia were in fact horns from an animal, so would have decayed. these instruments would have worked like a bugle, using the harmonic series to get the notes needed for music. all tubes have a harmonic series, the image shown for the harmonic series shows what notes any tube can play. the blackened notes are out of tune, but are still recognizable as that particular pitch. the harmonic series makes a lydian scale, shown from the 8th pitch in the picture to the 16th pitch, the 14th pitch not being a note on the lydian scale.