for their opposition to the american war effort, berkman and goldman were convicted of conspiracy to induce people not to register for the draft, as called for by the selective service act of 1917. both were sentenced to two years in federal prison and began serving their sentences on february 2, 1918. berkman would spend the duration of the war and all of 1919 in the atlanta federal penitentiary before being deported to soviet russia along with goldman aboard the so-called red ark at the end of year, together with 200 other anarchists and sundry radicals.