in an essay, the spanish academic carlos ollero expressed the following reservations about the concept of sociological francoism:i think that this expression is imprecise and can lend itself to misunderstandings. it is necessary to distinguish between two interrelated, yet different, meanings, with varying degrees of effectiveness. the first, stricter, meaning refers to the complex of socioeconomic structures and concrete interests that are created, maintained and strengthened by the francoist system. the second, too broad, includes under the umbrella term of "sociological francoism" what, in general terms, can be understood as the ensemble of sociopolitical attitudes, consistencies in personal and collective behaviour, and passive or indecisive inertia prompted by forty years of steadfast exercise of personal power.