dower contrasts western racism towards japanese people with attitudes towards germans/nazis - in the us, germans overall were differentiated from nazis. that differentiation wasn't complete or perfect, but even so it was very different from the attitudes towards the entire japanese people. immediately after pearl harbor (itself part of the reason for the intensity of anti-japanese sentiment), the u.s. government incarcerated japanese-americans in concentration camps, despite the complete lack of any evidence of any organized activity on the part of japan within the u.s. japanese community. meanwhile the german american bund had openly supported hitler right up to the declaration of war.