according to widukind of corvey, before the frankish conquest, the tribal duchy of saxony had already existed from parts of westphalia, engers and eastphalia. during the government of gelnhausen, after the imperial ban of henry the lion by emperor frederick i barbarossa on the grounds of a refusal of the army, the duchy of saxony was divided in 1180. the part which lay in the area of the archdiocese of cologne and the bishopric of paderborn, were combined into the new duchy of westpahlia and engers, which at first belonged to the archbishop of cologne, philipp von heinsberg. the eastern part went to the ascanian bernhard as a "younger" duchy of saxony. since the 12th century, the name of engers has been out of use. only the term "engers" has only been used continuously in the titles. for example, the ruler of the younger duchy of saxony ("duke of saxony, engers and westphalia"). with the takeover of westphalia in 1815, the title "westphalia and engers" went to the prussian king frederick william iii.