lacaze-duthiers, an art critic for the symbolist review journal "la plume", was influenced by oscar wilde, nietzsche and max stirner. his (1906) "l'ideal humain de l'art" helped found the 'artistocracy' movement - a movement advocating life in the service of art. his ideal was an anti-elitist aestheticism: "all men should be artists". together with andré colomer and manuel devaldes, he founded "l'action d'art", an anarchist literary journal, in 1913.