around the 1960s, several schools for the deaf were established in montreal in response to the failed audistic education: institution des sourds de montréal, institution des sourdes-muettes, institut des sourds de charlesbourg, none of which exist any longer. however, the mackay school for the deaf has existed since 1869 serving the anglophone and asl-speaking communities in montreal. since the 1960s, there has been a growing population of lsq speakers in quebec and spreading across canada. due to the close nature of french and lsq, deaf members of francophone communities tend to learn lsq even though asl tends to be the majority language around those communities. ontario has passed legislation making it the only region in canada that recognizes lsq in any capacity, noting that "the government of ontario shall ensure that [asl, lsq and first nations sign language] may be used in the courts, in education and in the legislative assembly."