according to historian mark mcleod, these postulated explanations of định's behaviour are plausible, given the chaos engulfing vietnam at the time and the lack of conclusive documentation. however, định and his supporters asserted their loyalty to the monarch and justified their struggle in his name, both before and after the signing of the treaty. these declarations show no hint of rejecting tự đức's authority nor any reference to a worthier, idealised monarch. conversely, many of these proclamations display an intense feeling of personal loyalty. a placard that french forces found floating downstream near định's base in gò công asserted: "gratitude ties us to our king. we will avenge the insults he has received [from the french], or we will die for him." one of định's proclamations to his followers read: "the emperor does not recognise us, but it is indeed our duty to carry on our struggle... the emperor calls us rebels, but in the depth of his heart he cannot help but praise our loyalty. when the day of victory arrives, not only will the emperor forgive us, he will furthermore grant us all kinds of awards."