gnih-r expression in the pituitary and other brain regions implies gnih acts directly on the pituitary to downregulate gonadotropin production, impacting reproductive behaviors. this neurohormone also acts on the hypothalamus to inhibit the expression of gnrh, which may further inhibit gonadotropin secretion, and kisspeptin, which may inhibit kisspeptin-mediated stimulation of gnrh neurons prior to the preovulatory hormonal surge. gnih also spurs the production of cytochrome p450 aromatase, promoting the synthesis of neuroestrogen in the brains of quails and reducing aggressivity in reproductive behaviors.