according to the book "32 battalion" by piet nortje, during this campaign south africa introduced its new secret weapons, the g5 and g6 howitzer guns. the cannons can fire a projectile over with a high degree of accuracy. the guns were used to halt the cuban advance to the south and raised the specter of yet another unaffordable arms escalation between two medium-sized military powers. the south africans assert that the new weapon raised cuba's fear of more casualties in a war where cuban fatalities had outnumbered south african fatalities by a factor 10. conversely, the cuban air force held air superiority, as was demonstrated by the bombing of the strategic calueque complex, and the overflights in 1988 of cuban mig-23's of namibian airspace. according to david albright, south africa believed that the discovery of preparations for a nuclear weapon test at the vastrap facility created an urgency amongst the superpowers to find a solution.