castle vale became infamous from the 1970s onwards as a large scale example of a failed postwar overspill estate, which suffered from poor construction and maintenance, social deprivation and high levels of crime. the area became the focus of a targeted regeneration initiative, led by the castle vale housing action trust (cvhat) from 1993 to 2005, where the estate witnessed the demolition of many of its houses and facilities, the repair of remaining properties, and the construction of new housing and facilities along with the remodelling of the estate, funded both privately and publicly. it is now hailed as an example of a successful community-led regeneration scheme.