characteristics that point more or less to a federacy include the fact that the functioning of the institutions of the kingdom is governed by the constitution of the netherlands where the charter does not provide for them. the charter also does not provide a procedure for the enactment of kingdom acts; articles 81 to 88 of the constitution of the netherlands also apply for kingdom acts, but with some additions and corrections stipulated in articles 15 to 22 of the charter. the only kingdom institution that requires the participation of the caribbean countries in a mandatory way is the council of ministers of the kingdom; both the supreme court and the council of state of the kingdom only include caribbean members if one or more caribbean countries ask for it, and the caribbean countries are almost completely excluded from participating in the kingdom's legislature. they can, however, participate in the drafting of a kingdom act and their ministers plenipotentiary can oppose a kingdom act otherwise supported by the kingdom government in front of the kingdom's parliament. furthermore, according to article 15 of the charter, the ministers plenipotentiary can request the kingdom parliament to introduce a draft kingdom act. last, but not least, the netherlands can, according to article 14 of the charter, conduct kingdom affairs on its own if conducting such affairs does not affect aruba, curaçao, or sint maarten. aruba, curaçao, and sint maarten do not have this right.