the moves of a chess game are written down by using a special notation.article 8 and appendix e usually algebraic chess notation is used. in algebraic notation, each square has one and only one name (whether you are looking from white's side of the board or black's). here, moves are written in the format of: abbreviation of the piece moved – file where it moved – rank where it moved. for example, qg5 means "queen moves to the g-file and 5th rank" (that is, to the square g5). if there are two pieces of the same type that can move to the same square, one more letter or number is added to show the file or rank from which the piece moved, e.g. ngf3 means "knight from the g-file moves to the square f3". the letter p showing a pawn is not used, so that e4 means "pawn moves to the square "e4"".