in february 1926 a public warning against munnings was issued in the press by arthur conan doyle, abraham wallace, r. h. saunders, and h. d. bradley. the psychical researcher harry price also exposed his fraudulent mediumship. munnings claimed to produce the independent "spirit" voices of julius caesar, dan leno, hawley harvey crippen and king henry viii. price invented and used a piece of apparatus known as a voice control recorder and proved that all the voices were those of munnings. munnings admitted fraud and sold his confessions to a sunday newspaper.