he wishes to acquire modeling and simulation (m&s) gear in four areas: air and ballistic missile defense; operational planning, tasking and evaluation; operational training and mission practice in distributed environments; and coalition operations and crisis response. camporini's opinion of the modeling and simulation department's vision is that the key concept in the air force m&s vision is a joint synthetic battle space connecting analysis and training, as well as tying together many types of models and simulations with different kinds of operators. camporini says that he believes the simulations extend from high-level aggregate models to detailed engineering models, from pilots in live aircraft and simulators to hardware components and laboratory test beds.