the little karoo contains two other geological features that give the landscape a special character. during the erosion of the african interior following the bulging of the continent during the massive lava outpourings that ended the karoo sedimentation 180 million years ago, some of the eroded material was trapped in the valleys of the cape fold mountains, especially during the cretaceous period, about to years (ma) ago. these "enon conglomerates", as they are known, were deposited by high energy, fast flowing rivers, and are found between calitzdorp and oudtshoorn, where they form the strikingly red "redstone hills".