subsequent annual summits of the shanghai five group occurred in almaty, kazakhstan in 1998, in bishkek, kyrgyzstan in 1999, and in dushanbe, tajikistan in 2000. at the dushanbe summit, members agreed to "oppose intervention in other countries' internal affairs on the pretexts of 'humanitarianism' and 'protecting human rights;' and support the efforts of one another in safeguarding the five countries' national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and social stability."