prior to the early 1910s there were numerous differing systems of wireless telegraphy developed. drivers for this development included not only improvements in the technology but also a strong element of attempting to identify a technology sufficiently different from the core marconi system to permit the avoidance of royalty payments to marconi. interoperability was perceived as an important issue, with incompatibilities arising out of technological issues as well as operational policies. the key systems that had a presence (or attempted presence) in australia were: