two manga adaptations were published by ascii media works in "dengeki daioh" and "dengeki maoh". between 2005 and 2012, the series was adapted by j.c.staff into three 24-episode anime television series, a four-episode original video animation (ova) series, an animated film and an additional stand alone ova episode. a playstation 2 video game was released in march 2006, and it was ported to the nintendo ds in march 2007. viz media licensed the novels and the first manga series for release in north america, but stopped publishing both prematurely. geneon originally licensed the first television series for release in north america, but the license later transferred to funimation, who also licensed the remaining anime properties. critics praised the series for its execution of typical story elements and how it continuously becomes better over time.</onlyinclude>