dickinson and others argued for an opposing theory, that west-dipping subduction and volcanic arc-continent collision were the fundamental processes. they stated in the abstract of their 1983 report that "the roberts mountains allochthon was probably the subduction complex or accretionary prism of an intra-oceanic antler arc-trench system that faced east (west-dipping), with subduction downward to the west. its emplacement by thrusting over the cordilleran miogeoclinal terrane of lower paleozoic strata occurred in earliest mississippian time during an inferred arc-continent collision that began in latest devonian time and is termed the antler orogeny." their term "miogeoclinal terrane" referred to the eastern facies assemblage. this was followed by papers offering modified versions of the same theory. other papers supplied definitive reviews and confirmed the antler orogeny as a result of plate convergence.