the year 1925 was a turning point for the italian left as it was the year that the so-called bolshevisation took place in the sections of the communist international. this plan was designed to eliminate all social democratic deviations from the communist international and develop them on bolshevik lines or at least along the lines of what grigory zinoviev, the secretary of the communist international, considered bolshevik lines. in practice, this meant top-down bureaucratic structures in which the members were controlled by a leadership approved of by the executive committee of the communist international (ecci). in italy, this meant that the leadership which had formerly been in the hands of bordiga was given to a body that came into being when the serrati-maffi minority of the psi joined the pcd'i, although bordiga's group were in a majority. the new leadership was supported by bordiga, who accepted the will of the communist international as a centralist.