human habitation of the area started about 8,000 years ago with small family groups of native americans, one of which was the semi-nomadic basketmaker anasazi ( 300 ce). subsequently, the virgin anasazi culture () and the parowan fremont group developed as the basketmakers settled in permanent communities. both groups moved away by 1300 and were replaced by the parrusits and several other southern paiute subtribes. mormons came into the area in 1858 and settled there in the early 1860s. in 1909, president william howard taft named the area mukuntuweap national monument in order to protect the canyon. in 1918, the acting director of the newly created national park service, horace albright, drafted a proposal to enlarge the existing monument and change the park's name to zion national monument, zion being a term used by the mormons. according to historian hal rothman: "the name change played to a prevalent bias of the time. many believed that spanish and indian names would deter visitors who, if they could not pronounce the name of a place, might not bother to visit it. the new name, zion, had greater appeal to an ethnocentric audience." on november 19, 1919, congress redesignated the monument as zion national park, and the act was signed by president woodrow wilson. the kolob section was proclaimed a separate zion national monument in 1937, but was incorporated into the national park in 1956.