his first literary attempt was a military work: "der antagonismus frankreichs und englands vom politisch-militärischen standpunkt" (the antagonism between france and england from a political-military standpoint; berlin, 1860). he was in his forties before he tried his hand at popular works, and first achieved notice with "peter quidams rheinfahrt" (peter quidam's rhine journey; 1877). his numerous novels include: