jesse owen hearns-branaman of the national institute of development administration, thailand, argued that journalistic professionalism is a combination of two factors, secondary socialization of journalists in the workplace and the fetishization of journalistic norms and standards. in this way, undesirable traits in new journalists can be weeded out, and remaining journalists are free to cynically criticize journalistic professional norms as long as they keep working and following them. this criticism is adapted from interviews of twenty political journalists from bbc news, sky news, "the guardian", "the new york times", "the washington post" and msnbc/nbc news, and from philosopher slavoj žižek's concept of ideology.