although the earliest evidence of martial arts goes back millennia, the true roots are difficult to reconstruct. inherent patterns of human aggression which inspire practice of mock combat (in particular wrestling) and optimization of serious close combat as cultural universals are doubtlessly inherited from the pre-human stage and were made into an "art" from the earliest emergence of that concept. indeed, many universals of martial art are fixed by the specifics of human physiology and not dependent on a specific tradition or era.