core-shell encapsulation or microgranulation (matrix-encapsulation) can be done using a laminar flow through a nozzle and an additional vibration of the nozzle or the liquid. the vibration has to be done in resonance with the rayleigh instability and leads to very uniform droplets. the liquid can consist of any liquids with limited viscosities (0-10,000 mpa·s have been shown to work), e.g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, melts etc. the soldification can be done according to the used gelation system with an internal gelation (e.g. sol-gel processing, melt) or an external (additional binder system, e.g. in a slurry). the process works very well for generating droplets between , applications for smaller and larger droplets are known. the units are deployed in industries and research mostly with capacities of 1–20,000 kg per hour (2–44,000 lb/h) at working temperatures of (room temperature up to molten silicon). heads are available with from one up to several hundred thousand nozzles.