because there is no rule in (14) or (15) that licenses f-marking to the direct object from any other node, the direct object "parrot" must be accented as indicated in bold. rule (15b) allows f-marking to project from the direct object to the head verb "adopted". rule (15a) allows f-marking to project from the head verb to the vp "adopted a parrot". selkirk assumes the subject "judy" is accented if f-marked as indicated in bold.