in mid-summer, in the middle of the chicago racial violence against blacks, a federal official told "the new york times" that the violence resulted from "an agitation, which involves the i.w.w., bolshevism and the worst features of other extreme radical movements". he supported that claim with copies of negro publications that called for alliances with leftist groups, praised the soviet regime, and contrasted the courage of jailed socialist eugene v. debs with the "school boy rhetoric" of traditional black leaders. the "times" characterized the publications as "vicious and apparently well financed", mentioned "certain factions of the radical socialist elements", and reported it all under the headline: "reds try to stir negroes to revolt". in late 1919 oklahoma's the daily ardmoreite published a piece with a headline describing "evidence found of negro society that brought on rioting."