the north arabian tradition of horsemanship quickly became an integral part of warfare throughout the arab world and much of the middle east. the middle ages saw the flourishing of the furusiyya culture, combining the ancient bedouin concept of honour ("muru'ah") with the islamic ideals of chivalry. a "" (meaning knight or horseman) would first hone his skills in wrestling and armed combat on the ground before learning to fight while mounted. furusiyya literature from the 9th to 15th century deal with equestrianism, archery, military strategy, duelling and charging with the lance. armed fighting included the use of the sword ("sayf"), spear, lance, javelin, dagger ("jambiya"), staff, axe ("tabar"), warhammer, and curved bow. there is also "tahtib" (التحطيب) which was practiced in ancient egypt and is still performed in celebrations.