in austria, an organization called the antisemitenbund had campaigned against jewish civil rights since 1919. the organization took its inspiration from karl lueger, the legendary turn-of-the-century antisemitic mayor of vienna, who inspired hitler and had also campaigned for a boycott of jewish businesses. austrian campaigns tended to escalate around christmas and became effective from 1932. as in germany, nazis picketed jewish stores in an attempt to prevent shoppers from using them.