harsa faced numerous challenges to his reign and he executed many of his relatives, some but not all of whom had been among the challengers. he conducted campaigns in the east of the valley to wrest control of land back from feudatory landlords, who were known as dāmaras, and in 1101 they murdered him. stein describes that while harsa's rule seemed at first to have "secured a period of consolidation and of prosperous peace ... [it] had subsequently fallen a victim to his own nero-like propensities".