gail krantzberg, professor and director, dofasco centre for engineering and public policy, mcmaster university and united nations university (unu), argued that, "our water infrastructure is becoming crippled, some would argue is severely crippled, and our institutions are not making the investments that we need in the face of demographic growth and the projections of climate change impacts on the hydrologic cycle." she explains that soft engineering, like reducing the amount of paving is not enough given the fundamental problem of old infrastructure inadequate in the face of storms that caused flooding in calgary and toronto in june and july 2013.