in 1866 he refused to enter baron bettino ricasoli's cabinet; in 1867 he worked to impede the garibaldian invasion of the papal states, foreseeing the french occupation of rome and the disaster of mentana. by methods of the same character as those subsequently employed against himself by felice cavallotti, he carried on the violent agitation known as the lobbia affair, in which sundry conservative deputies were, on insufficient grounds, accused of corruption. on the outbreak of the franco-german war he worked energetically to impede the projected alliance with france, and to drive the giovanni lanza cabinet to rome. the death of urbano rattazzi in 1873 induced crispi's friends to put forward his candidature to the leadership of the left; but crispi, anxious to reassure the crown, secured the election of agostino depretis.