yaqub beg's kokandi andijani uzbek forces declared a jihad against dungan rebels under t'o ming (tuo ming a.k.a. daud khalifa). fighting broke out between dungan and kokandi uzbek rebels in xinjiang. yaqub beg enlisted han militia under xu xuegong in order to fight against the dungan troops under t'o ming. t'o ming's dungan forces were defeated at the battle of urumqi (1870) as part of yaqub beg's plan to conquer dzungaria and seize all dungan territory.