suffix is used to form adjective from a word denoting single human which is masculine and ends on consonant; selection depends on if the stem hard or soft. suffix is similar but is attached to feminine words or masculine ending in . both types are more common in spoken language than in literary (though being acceptable in both styles) and generally are forms of kinship terms, given names and their diminutives: — 'mom's', — 'father's', — 'sasha's' /for diminutives from both alexandr and alexandra/. words of this type also are common as russian surnames, like (derived from 'gun' which used to be a nickname).