neither of the qaghans were able to successfully exert control. turkic tribes resisted yuanqing's rule, defeating the qaghan and forcing yuanqing to return to chang'an. kusrau was able to bring the western tribes temporarily under his rule, but was defeated in 690 during an invasion by the second turkic khaganate, and he too was forced to escape the region with his loyalists. later attempts to install puppet qaghans failed, and the title was reduced to a symbolic position in the tang court.