when ma hualong originally negotiated with the qing authorities in 1866, he agreed to a "surrender", giving up thousands of foreign weapons, spears, swords, and 26 cannons. ma assumed a new name signifying loyalty to the dynasty, ma chaoqing. mutushan, the manchu official, hoped that this would lead to other muslims following his lead and surrendering, however, ma hualong's surrender had no effect and the revolt continued to spread.