128 additional characters is still not enough to cover all purposes, all languages, or even all european languages, so the emergence of "many" proprietary and national ascii-derived 8-bit character sets was inevitable. translating between these sets (transcoding) is complex (especially if a character is not in both sets); and was often not done, producing mojibake (semi-readable resulting text, often users learned how to manually decode it). there were eventually attempts at cooperation or coordination by national and international standards bodies in the late 1990s, but manufacture proprietary sets remained the most popular by far, primarily because the standards excluded many popular characters.