popular culture references to anthony burgess' novel "a clockwork orange" (1962) and stanley kubrick's 1971 film adaptation have been wide-ranging, from popular music and television to movies and other media. some references are based on themes central to the story, such as the use of nadsat words or phrases, whilst others have incorporated visual elements from the film. the film made kubrick one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, and the film has become a cult classic.