in 2019 the supreme court of the united states granted certiorari in allen v. cooper, raising the question of whether congress validly abrogated state sovereign immunity via the copyright remedy clarification act in providing remedies for authors of original expression whose federal copyrights are infringed by states. thirteen amici including; the united states chamber of commerce, the recording industry association of america, the copyright alliance, the software and information industry association and the national press photographers association, filed briefs in support of allen. those briefs proposed various doctrines under which the crca could validly abrogate sovereign immunity and variously re-asserted and supported the reasons why congress examined and enacted crca, claiming that congress was fair in finding that states had abused immunity and that an alternative remedy was needed. on november 5, 2019 the united states supreme court heard oral arguments in allen v. cooper. a decision in the case is expected in the late spring of 2020.