a joint resolution may start either in the house or senate. they are essentially the same as a bill. the only difference is a joint resolution that proposes an amendment to the us constitution. they require a two-thirds majority vote in each house. like a simple resolution, they are not sent to the president for his signature. they become effective when they are ratified by three-quarters of the states. a joint resolution that began in the house of representatives is designated "h.j.res." followed by the number. a joint resolution started in the senate is designated "s.j.res.", followed by the number. joint resolutions become law the same as bills.