geostatistics deal with quantitative data analysis, specifically the application of statistical methodology to the exploration of geographic phenomena. geostatistics is used extensively in a variety of fields, including hydrology, geology, petroleum exploration, weather analysis, urban planning, logistics, and epidemiology. the mathematical basis for geostatistics derives from cluster analysis, linear discriminant analysis and non-parametric statistical tests, and a variety of other subjects. applications of geostatistics rely heavily on geographic information systems, particularly for the interpolation (estimate) of unmeasured points. geographers are making notable contributions to the method of quantitative techniques.