the post-war years saw the emergence of "moviment qawmien letterarju" (literary revival movement) in 1967, an avant-garde literary movement the protagonists of which included oliver friggieri (later professor of maltese at the university of malta), frans sammut (1945–2011), the "national author", alfred sant (who was prime minister from 1996 to 1998), lino spiteri (who was finance minister in two governments), and others.