the concept of aesthetics has been the interest of philosophers such as plato, hume and kant, who understood aesthetics as something pure and searched the essence of beauty, or, "the ontology of aesthetics". but it was not before the beginning of the cultural sociology of early 19th century that the question was problematized in its social context, which took the differences and changes in historical view as an important process of aesthetical thought. although immanuel kant's "critique of judgement" (1790) did formulate a non-relativistic idea of aesthetical universality, where both personal pleasure and pure beauty coexisted, it was concepts such as class taste that began the attempt to find essentially sociological answers to the problem of taste and aesthetics. metaphysical or spiritual interpretations of common aesthetical values have shifted towards locating social groups that form the contemporary artistic taste or fashion.