the first case of epileptiform seizures related to a video game was reported in 1981. since then, "many cases of seizures triggered by video games were reported, not only in photosensitive, but also in nonphotosensitive children and adolescents with epilepsy...specific preventive measures concerning the physical characteristics of images included in commercially available video games (flash rate, choice of colours, patterns, and contrast) can lead in the future to a clear decrease of this problem." risks can be reduced through measures such as keeping a safe distance away from the screen (at least 2 meters).