as the internet developed, the next paradigm envisioned by stefferud was trust. in the early days of the internet every user was a trusted user, as authorized by darpa, but this is no longer the case. together with ed gerck, stefferud was the co-founder (2001) of network manifold associates inc., working on the development of "target-free" technologies for secure internet communications. stefferud was also chairman of the nma advisory board and was involved in the creation of "instant on" security products zsentry and zmail.