the identity of "arumberia" is controversial. "arumberia" has been originally interpreted as a 5–20 cm high cup-like organism, apparently composed of flexible tissue, attached to the sea bottom by a blunt apex or, later, as a colonial organism made of flexible, thin-walled tubes tightly joined together through their length. affinities with "ernietta", "conostichus", "pteridinium", "palaeoplatoda", "phyllozoon" and "bergaueria" and "chuaria" have been conjectured. spheroidal objects found along with "arumberia" have also been interpreted as "dispersable stage" of "arumberia" itself. "arumberia" has been interpreted as a microbial mat morphotype developed in response to environmental perturbations in terminal ediacaran shallow marine basins