this removes informal learning from the equation and states all learning outside of formal learning is non-formal. eraut equates informal with connotations of dress, language or behaviour that have no relation to learning. eraut defines formal learning as taking place within a learning framework; within a classroom or learning institution, with a designated teacher or trainer; the award of a qualification or credit; the external specification of outcomes. any learning that occurs outside of these parameters is non-formal. (ined 2002)