most twentieth-century systems were electric with overhead wires, apart from the takapuna (auckland) steam tramway (1910–1927) and gisborne, which had two battery-electric trams (1913–1929). the only system to be closed during this period was napier, in 1931 after the napier earthquake. several long suburban lines were replaced by buses, e.g. christchurch city to richmond, burwood and north beach in 1934, and to linwood in 1936.