gpr56 are a part of the b class of the gpcr family, the largest cell surface gene family in the human genome. within this family there are different types of bio-active molecules that transduce their signal to the intracellular compartment via interaction with this type of receptor. children often present with developmental delay, spasticity, or seizures; they are also often microcephalic. some patients with polymicrogyria go undiagnosed until they produce children with the disorder who have more severe manifestations. retrospectively, these patients will often report some difficulty in their medical or educational history. bfpp patients demonstrate mental retardation, language impairment, motor developmental delay, and seizure disorders such as epilepsy. the association of epilepsy is in approximately 50% to 85% of affected bfpp patients.