wanyan chonghou was dispatched to russia to negotiate a treaty, but despite china being in the stronger negotiating position, the resulting treaty of livadia was highly unfavorable to china; it granted russia a portion of ili, extraterritorial rights, consulates, control over trade, and an indemnity. thereafter a massive uproar by the chinese literati ensued and they demanded the government mobilize armed forces against russia. the government acted after this, giving important posts to officers from the xiang army. charles gordon became an advisor to the chinese.