in may 2003, the united nations security council (unsc) recognized, through resolution 1483, the military occupation of iraq by the united states and the united kingdom. they ended the economic sanctions, which had been in place for thirteen years, and permitted humanitarian aid, reconstruction and the establishment of a new government. despite the optimistic plans for the future, iraq was close to collapse at the end of 2006, which was also caused by the execution of saddam hussein on december 30th. the loss of the then prime minister nouri al-maliki and his party, who was at power since 2006, during the 2010 elections for a new assembly and government, and the departure of the us forces in 2011 contributed to a tense situation. in addition to the political tension, iraq has also suffered a lot from islamic extremist organizations such as al-qaeda and isis until today.