there are several "giacomo grillos" mentioned in thirteenth-century documents from genoa and it is difficult to definitively identify the troubadour with one. chronologically, the giacomo mentioned in an act of 15 august 1281 was probably not the troubadour. there were a giacomo grillo di andrea and another di alberto, but these are also unlikely candidates. the most likely is a judge who appeared in an act of 4 june 1257 concerning a division of property of the margraves of ponzone. he was definitely a contemporary of lanfranc. this is probably the same giacomo as was responsible for providing lodging for pope innocent iv at stella in 1244 and appears in an act of 7 march 1247 in the "liber jurium januae". he was also elected one of the fifteen "reggitori della città" (rectors of the city) in 1262 after the overthrow of guglielmo boccanegra. luca grimaldi, another troubadour, was one of the others.