port arthur was one example of the "separate prison typology" (sometimes known as the model prison), which emerged from jeremy bentham's theories and his panopticon. the prison was completed in 1853, but then extended in 1855. the layout of the prison was fairly symmetrical. it was a cross shape with exercise yards at each corner. the prisoner wings were each connected to the surveillance core of the prison, as well as the chapel, in the centre hall. from this surveillance hub, each wing could be clearly seen, although individual cells could not. this is how the separate prison at port arthur differed from the original theory of the panopticon.