the older heavy coastal artillery pieces, the and model 1867 and 1877 guns and the and model 1877 coastal mortars, were mostly transferred to land front or placed in reserve. three batteries (twelve guns) of 11 inch model 1877 guns were used throughout the war at the sea front second line of defence at kustaanmiekka, kuninkaansaari and vallisaari. at the start of the war 11 inch guns were also used at the main line of defence on isosaari before 10 inch model 1891 guns replaced them. two batteries of 11 inch coastal mortars remained in use until 1916 in vallisaari and kuninkaansaari. the mortars were also capable of firing to the rear of the fortress and were intended to keep the citizens of helsinki loyal. the heavy shells of the mortars were considered to have a "suitable moral effect" () on civilians. 22 caliber siege gun model 1877 was primarily an army weapon used on wheeled carriage on land front, but some guns mounted on fortification mounts were also used on sea front at the start of the war.