a short horizontal line is used to represent the location of a hand or foot that passes through the coronal plane which extends from the sides of the body. a short vertical line represents a hand or foot at a plane in front of the body, whereas a dot represents a hand or foot at a plane behind the body. the height of the hands and feet from the floor and their distance from the mid-line of the body are shown visually. a line drawn in the top space of the staff shows the position of the head when it changes position. a direction sign is placed below the staff when the direction changes.