although puppi belonged to the ecclesiastical province of africa proconsolaris, pupput was listed as part of the civil roman province of byzacena. to explain this discrepancy, some authors, such as noël duval, have suggested that boundary changes resulted in a "conurbation" of the city with siagu (now ksar ezzit in the east of the town of bir bouregba), which was located in africa proconsularis, a few kilometers to the north.