stephen booth, 1994: "a good metaphor for ... the action of casual, incidental relationships among words and ideas in shakespeare is "patina". networks of nonsensical relationship act upon speeches and plays the way a patina does upon artwork in metal. they smooth across seams and deny them without obliterating them. grosser examples of the effect have been noted in literature ever since people started analyzing double plots and noticing echoing situations and spotting thematic common denominators and sustained patterns of imagery." "close reading without readings"