a baby boom is a period marked by a significant increase of birth rate. this demographic phenomenon is usually ascribed within certain geographical bounds. people born during these periods are often called baby boomers; however, some experts distinguish between those born during such demographic baby booms and those who identify with the overlapping cultural generations. the causes of baby booms involves various fertility factors. the most well-known baby boom occurred in middle of twentieth century, beginning in late 1930s or early 1940s and ending in 1960s. it was a change of trend that was largely unexpected, because in most countries it occurred in the midst of a period of improving economies and rising living standards.