vividness of visual imagery is a crucial component of an individual’s ability to perform cognitive tasks requiring imagery. vividness of visual imagery varies not only between individuals but also within individuals. dijkstra and colleagues (2017) found that the variation in vividness of visual imagery is dependent on the degree to which the neural substrates of visual imagery overlap with those of visual perception. they found that overlap between imagery and perception in the entire visual cortex, the parietal precuneus lobule, the right parietal cortex, and the medial frontal cortex predicted the vividness of a mental representation. the activated regions beyond the visual areas are believed to drive the imagery-specific processes rather than the visual processes shared with perception. it has been suggested that the precuneus contributes to vividness by selecting important details for imagery. the medial frontal cortex is suspected to be involved in the retrieval and integration of information from the parietal and visual areas during working memory and visual imagery. the right parietal cortex appears to be important in attention, visual inspection, and stabilization of mental representations. thus, the neural substrates of visual imagery and perception overlap in areas beyond the visual cortex and the degree of this overlap in these areas correlates with the vividness of mental representations during imagery.