as the monasteries kept people employed and from starving, the regional disturbances were occasioned by desperation, and since the monastic system was not diocesan or provincial to make a swift transition within the nationalized episcopal system, there was no immediate resolution to tenant sufferings. jervaulx, byland, and other cistercian houses were as much attached to savigny and citeaux abbey in the duchy of burgundy, as richmondshire and the honour of richmond generally were to the duchy of brittany, both establishments based in france but cut off due to the hundred years' war and especially after the loss of the pale of calais.