the above considerations apply to model a quantum experiment. consider two parties conducting local polarization measurements on a bipartite photonic state. the measurement result for the polarization of a photon can take one of two values (informally, whether the photon is polarized in that direction, or in the orthogonal direction). if each party is allowed to choose between just two different polarization directions, the experiment fits within the chsh scenario. as noted by chsh, there exist a quantum state and polarization directions which generate a box formula_44 with formula_48 equal to formula_49. this demonstrates an explicit way in which a theory with ontological states that are local, with local measurements and only local actions cannot match the probabilistic predictions of quantum theory, disproving einstein's hypothesis. experimentalists such as alain aspect have verified the quantum violation of the chsh inequality as well as other formulations of bell's inequality, to invalidate the local hidden variables hypothesis and confirm that reality is indeed nonlocal in the epr sense.