the oldest known evidence that anatomically-modern humans (homo sapiens) were present in europe was found in the batcho kiro cave in bulgaria; this evidence is 45,820 to 43,650 years (cal bp) old. in february 2022, it was announced that part of a tooth was found at the mandrin cave. it came from a layer of the mandrin cave under and over which neanderthal remains have been recovered, but this "baby tooth" has been attributed to a child of homo sapiens. articles in the journals science, as well as in nature, said that the tooth was too badly damaged to be able to tell with certainty if it was from a neanderthal, or a human.