he joined the armed services security agency in 1949 and eventually the newly created national security agency in 1952. with the nsa he served in overseas offices in europe, southeast asia, and hawaii. he also served in the position of chief of the soviet and east european analytic group and deputy director for operations. retiring from the nsa in 1978, he returned to independent consulting work. for his intelligence work he received the national intelligence distinguished service medal, national security agency meritorious and exceptional civilian service awards, the defense department distinguished civilian service award and the central intelligence agency distinguished service medal.