the kingdom of italy had just come together as one country around this time, and wanted the same things that the other big countries had, like colonies. italy offered to buy the rights to the east africa coast from oman, who was in charge of protecting the cities and small kingdoms there, and oman agreed. italy made deals with some of the larger kingdoms/sultanates (like the sultanate of nugaal) for them to be under italian protection, but the smaller ones italy just invaded. this became italian somalia in 1905, with capital mogadishu.