in italy, various possibilities were explored (including one early design for fixed carriages with tilting seats). a number of prototypes were built and tested, including an "automotrice" (self-propelled) derived from aln 668 diesel car and provided with tilting seats. the first working prototype using a tilting carbody was etr y 0160, an electrically powered car launched by fiat in 1969. this was the first to be christened "pendolino".