the itanium 2 processor was released in 2002, for enterprise servers and not all of high-power computing. the 1st version of itanium 2, code-named "mckinley", was created by hp and intel. it fixed many of the problems of the 1st itanium processor, which were mostly caused by a bad memory subsystem. "mckinley" had 221 million transistors (25 million of them were for logic), and was 19.5 mm by 21.6 mm (421 mm2) and was created with a 180 nm design process, and a cmos process with 6 layers of aluminium.