thomas carlyle, 1841: "nay, apart from spiritualities; and considering him merely as a real, marketable, tangibly useful possession. england, before long, this island of ours, will hold but a small fraction of the english: in america, in new holland, east and west to the very antipodes, there will be a saxondom covering great spaces of the globe. and now, what is it that can keep all these together into virtually one nation, so that they do not fall out and fight, but live at peace, in brotherlike intercourse, helping one another? this is justly regarded as the greatest practical problem, the thing all manner of sovereignties and governments are here to accomplish: what is it that will accomplish this? acts of parliament, administrative prime-ministers cannot. america is parted from us, so far as parliament could part it. call it not fantastic, for there is much reality in it: here, i say, is an english king, whom no time or chance, parliament or combination of parliaments, can dethrone! this king shakespeare, does not he shine, in crowned sovereignty, over us all, as the noblest, gentlest, yet strongest of rallying-signs; indestructible; really more valuable in that point of view than any other means or appliance whatsoever? we can fancy him as radiant aloft over all the nations of englishmen, a thousand years hence. from paramatta, from new york, wheresoever, under what sort of parish-constable soever, english men and women are, they will say to one another: 'yes, this shakespeare is ours; we produced him, we speak and think by him; we are of one blood and kind with him.'" "on heroes, hero-worship, and the heroic in history"