in september 2003, the riaa filed suit in civil court against several private individuals who had shared large numbers of files with kazaa. most of these suits were settled with monetary payments averaging $3,000. kazaa publisher sharman networks responded with a lawsuit against the riaa, alleging that the terms of use of the network were violated and that unauthorized client software was used in the investigation to track down the individual file sharers (such as kazaa lite). an effort to throw out this suit was denied in january 2004, however, that suit was settled in 2006. sharman networks agreed to a global settlement of litigation brought against it by the motion picture association of america (mpaa), the international federation of the phonographic industry (ifpi), and the riaa. the creators of the popular kazaa file-sharing network will pay $115 million to the riaa, unspecified future amounts to the mpaa and the software industry, and install filters on its networks to prevent users from sharing copyrighted works on its network.