this law, also known as the sonny bono copyright term extension act, sonny bono act, or (derisively) the mickey mouse protection act, effectively "froze" the advancement date of the public domain in the united states for works covered by the older fixed term copyright rules. under this act, works made in 1923 or afterwards that were still protected by copyright in 1998 would not enter the public domain until january 1, 2019 or later. mickey mouse specifically, having first appeared in 1928, will be in a public domain work in 2024 or afterward (depending on the date of the product). unlike copyright extension legislation in the european union, the sonny bono act did not revive copyrights that had already expired. the act did extend the terms of protection set for works that were already copyrighted, and is retroactive in that sense. however, works created before january 1, 1978, but not published or registered for copyright until recently, are addressed in a special section () and may remain protected until the end of 2047. the act became on october 27, 1998.