though some designers have marketed bamboo fiber, as an alternative to conventional cotton, citing that it absorbs greenhouse gases during its life cycle and grows quickly and plentifully without pesticides, the conversion of bamboo fiber to fabric is the same as rayon and is highly toxic. the ftc ruled that labeling of bamboo fiber should read "rayon from bamboo". bamboo fabric can cause environmental harm in production due to the chemicals used to create a soft viscose from hard bamboo. impacts regarding production of new materials make recycled, reclaimed, surplus, and vintage fabric arguably the most sustainable choice, as the raw material requires no agriculture and no manufacturing to produce. however, it must be noted that these are indicative of a system of production and consumption that creates excessive volumes of waste.