during his speeches at the university of notre dame in south bend and at ball state university in muncie, indiana, kennedy focused on domestic issues, the vietnam war, and racism. at notre dame's stepan center, a crowd of approximately 5,000 heard kennedy speak on poverty in america and the need for better-paying jobs. when asked about draft laws, kennedy called them "unjust and inequitable" and argued to end college deferments on the basis that they discriminated against those who could not afford a college education. his speech at ball state was well received by more than 9,000 students, faculty, and community members. one african-american student raised a question to kennedy that seems almost a premonition of the speech to come later that night after the horrific events of the day. the student asked, "your speech implies that you are placing a great deal of faith in white america. is that faith justified?" kennedy answered "yes" and added that "faith in black america is justified, too" although he said there "are extremists on both sides." before boarding a plane to fly to indianapolis, kennedy learned that martin luther king jr. had been shot. on the plane, kennedy told a reporter "you know, it grieves me. . . that i just told that kid this and then walk out and find that some white man has just shot their spiritual leader." kennedy did not learn that king was dead until his plane landed in indianapolis. according to reporter john j. lindsay, kennedy "seemed to shrink back as though struck physically" and put his hands to his face, saying "oh, god. when is this violence going to stop?"