rodents make up 40% of the mammal species. these include squirrels, mice, voles, rats and the recently reintroduced european beaver. there is also an abundance of european rabbit, european hare, shrews, european mole and several species of bat. carnivorous mammals include the red fox, eurasian badger, eurasian otter, weasel, stoat and elusive scottish wildcat. various species of seal, whale and dolphin are found on or around british shores and coastlines. the largest land-based wild animals today are deer. the red deer is the largest species, with roe deer and fallow deer also prominent; the latter was introduced by the normans. sika deer and two more species of smaller deer, muntjac and chinese water deer, have been introduced, muntjac becoming widespread in england and parts of wales while chinese water deer are restricted mainly to east anglia. habitat loss has affected many species. extinct large mammals include the brown bear, grey wolf and wild boar; the latter has had a limited reintroduction in recent times.