surigaonon and tandaganon languages are spoken in most parts of surigao del sur (except in bislig city and the towns of barobo, hinatuan, lingig and tagbina, where most of the inhabitants speak cebuano and their native kamayo, a different language but distantly related to surigaonon, is spoken by the rest of the population), with cantilangnon dialect, a northern variation of surigaonon which is very much similar to the dialect of surigaonon as spoken in surigao del norte, being spoken mostly in the five northern municipalities of the province namely carrascal, cantilan, madrid, carmen and lanuza (or the municipal clusters called carcanmadcarlan); these municipalities were once under a single municipality of cantilan before december 10, 1918.