outside sunderland doubt has been raised about crawford's heroics. nevertheless, possible evidence that crawford was not a volunteer, that he was forced to climb the mast, or that he was drunk is ignored by the people of his hometown. one book, written by the american sheri holman, attracted criticism from the city's mayor. however, local historian william corder had already made the criticism in the 1890s; corder thought little of crawford. he claimed that it was reported by reliable witnesses that crawford was "drunk, acted without orders, and should have been court-martialled". furthermore, corder dismissed as a "deplorable monument" what others called the "fine headstone" of 1888.