in the late 1960s to early 1970s jamaican sound system culture, producer and sound system operator (dj), (jamaican) king tubby and producer lee "scratch" perry were pioneers of the genre known as dub music. they experimented with tape-based composition; emphasized repetitive rhythmic structures (often stripped of their harmonic elements); electronically manipulated spatiality; sonically manipulated pre-recorded musical materials from mass media; and remixed music among other innovative techniques. it is widely known that the jamaican dancehall culture has had and continues to have a significant impact on the american hip hop culture.