the "old book of tang" ("jiu tangshu" 旧唐书) says in 648 a northern indian army attacked some some tang chinese (including wang xuanze). so with the nepali and tang, gampo helped defeat the army and protect the chinese. in 649, the tang emperor gaozong, a fellow buddhist, gave him the title "binwang", "guest king" or "zongwang", "cloth-tribute king" and 3,000 rolls of colorful silk. gaozong also gave gampo "silkworms' eggs, mortars and presses for making wine, and workmen to manufacture paper and ink."