after 1603, it had the same monarch as the kingdom of england and the kingdom of ireland. in 1653, during the wars of the three kingdoms, the government of oliver cromwell made scotland into part of the commonwealth of england, scotland, and ireland: a republic. however, at the restoration, scotland started again to be a kingdom. it combined with the kingdom of england to become the united kingdom of great britain in 1707 because of the acts of union 1707.