from the 1st of september 2019 all the light duty vehicles that are to be registered in the eu countries (but also in switzerland, norway, iceland and turkey) must comply with the wltp standards. the wltp replaces the old nedc as european homologation lab-bench procedure, which was established in the '80s to simulate urban driving condition of a passenger car. in 1992 the nedc was updated to include also a non-urban path (characterized by medium to high speeds), and finally in 1997 the co emission figure have been added, too. nowadays, the nedc cycle has become outdated, since it is not representative of the modern driving styles, since nowadays the distances and road variety a mean car has to face have changed. the structure of the nedc is characterized by an average speed of 34 km/h, the accelerations are smooth, stops are few and prolonged and top speed is 120 km/h.