all heredity is controlled by genes. for the cells to make use of the information in the genes, a copy of part of the gene must be made. the copying is called transcription. transcription makes an rna copy of part of the dna. the rna is moved out of the cell nucleus, to ribosomes, where it does its work. this is called messenger rna and it gives the amino acid sequence for protein production. this second process is called translation. it works in all eukaryotes, including all plants and animals.