for instance, the irish gdp data above is subject to material distortion by the tax planning activities of foreign multinationals in ireland. to address this, in 2017 the central bank of ireland created "modified gross national income|modified gni" (or gni*) as a more appropriate statistic, and the oecd and imf have adopted it for ireland. 2015 irish gdp is 143% of 2015 irish gni*.