the ticketing system uses the ez-link and nets flashpay contactless smart cards based upon the system for e-payments (sep) system for public transit built on the singapore standard for contactless epurse application (cepas) system. this system allows for up to 4 card issuers in the market. the ez-link card was introduced on 13 april 2002 as a replacement to the original transitlink farecard while its competitor the nets flashpay card entered the smart card market on 9 october 2009. the adult ez-link card is at s$15 while the nets flashpay card is at s$13.