in another study, all of the pilots given false automated alerts that instructed them to shut off an engine did so, even though those same pilots insisted in an interview that they would not respond to such an alert by shutting down an engine, and would instead have reduced the power to idle. one 1998 study found that pilots with approximately 440 hours of flight experience detected more automation failures than did nonpilots, although both groups showed complacency effects. a 2001 study of pilots using a cockpit automation system, the engine-indicating and crew-alerting system (eicas), showed evidence of complacency. the pilots detected fewer engine malfunctions when using the system than when performing the task manually.