a tiny dutch delegation in dejima, nagasaki was the only allowed contact with the west, from which the japanese were kept partly informed of western scientific and technological advances, establishing a body of knowledge known as "rangaku". extensive contacts with korea and china were maintained through the tsushima domain, the ryūkyū kingdom under satsuma's dominion, and the trading posts at nagasaki. the matsumae domain on hokkaidō managed contacts with the native ainu peoples, and with imperial russia.