the geography of the municipality includes a number of elevations such at the tetepetl, the azul, the ladera, the tepehuisco, the zacatonal and the cuexcontepec. there are no rivers in this area but there are a number of fresh-water springs that feed streams such as arroyo grande, la cieneguita, el zaguan, dos caminos, la cienega, almoloya and las cruces. the climate is classified as temperate and mostly moist with most rains coming in the summer. freezing temperatures are experienced in winter with strong winds often present in february and march. the average temperature is , varying between in the summer and in winter.