even though the framework of double consciousness can be applied to diaspora and transnationality, it is important to understand that the nuances of racial dynamics differ from nation to nation. as tina campt notes in "other germans: black germans and the politics of race, gender, and memory in the third reich," the tension for afro-german who "came of age during the totalitarian regime of the third reich ... was not necessarily experienced as one of absolute duality or 'twoness.' rather, it was a contradictory and complexly textured form of identity". due to the absence of a presence of a black community in germany, along with other european nations, "most afro-germans did not have the option of choosing between a black community or identity and a german identity". they were essentially forced to "occupy a position between a conception of german identity that excluded blackness and a conception of blackness that precluded any identification with germanness". this means that for them, the psychological dilemmas that come with double consciousness is even more profound. for black germans in the early 20th century, there was no stable idea or community of blackness for them to identify, or partly, with. they were constantly subject to the white gaze and had no stable line of flight away from white civil society.