"leopoldo ii was driven from tuscany by revolution from 21 february to 12 april 1849, and again on 27 april 1859. he abdicated in favor of his son, ferdinando iv, on 21 july 1859, but ferdinando iv was never recognised in tuscany, and was deposed by the government on 16 august. tuscany was annexed by kingdom of sardinia, on 22 march 1860"