the language of the psalms suggests that they were originally written in the 10th century. a number of editions exist, among others by the 19th-century dutch philologist willem lodewijk van helten and, more recently, the diplomatic edition by the american historical linguist robert l. kyes (1969) and the critical edition by the dutch philologist arend quak (1981). as might be expected from an interlinear translation, the word order of the old franconian text follows very closely that of the latin original.