at the time of the 2011 nepal census, parsa district had a population of 601,017. of these, 78.1% spoke bhojpuri, 6.4% nepali, 5.1% maithili, 3.8% tharu, 2.2% urdu, 1.3% tamang, 0.8% rajasthani and 0.7% newari as their first language.