by 1998, the dod and other federal agencies (e.g., the department of labor) had each established their own adl projects, and the office of science and technology policy (ostp) moved to consolidate these via the federal training technology initiative. thus, following guidance from congress, ostp, and the national partnership for reinventing government, the dod adl initiative was grown into a federal-wide program. specific direction for this can be found in section 378 of public law 105-261, the "strom thurmond national defense authorization act for fiscal year 1999", which required the secretary of defense to develop a strategic plan for expanding distance learning initiatives, as well as "executive order 13111" (president william j. clinton, 12 january 1999). the executive order, titled “using technology to improve training opportunities for federal government employees,” established a task force and advisory committee to explore how federal training programs, initiatives, and policies can better support lifelong learning through the use of learning technologies and to provide learning standards, specifications, and applications which can be sustained and extended to incorporate new technologies and learning science as they occur.