madura district was the centre of the pandya kingdom and its capital city of madurai was flourishing ever since the sangam period. in the 10th century ad, the region was conquered by the rising chola power. the pandyas governed as subordinate from the 10th to the 13th century ad when they asserted their independence and established their supremacy over the declining cholas. after a short and progressive rule, the pandyas were defeated by the delhi sultanate whose ruled alauddin khilji sacked madura. the region was ruled by the madurai sultanate for some time before it was conquered by the vijayanagar empire. the vijayanagar kings were succeeded by the madurai nayak kingdom whose demise in 1736 left behind a huge void. after a short period of anarchy, madura was conquered by the british east india company and the district of madura was carved out.