the braces are fixed to the outer ends of the yards, and are led to the deck as far aft as possible, to allow the crew to haul on them. the lower yards' braces can usually run directly to the deck, but to do so with those higher up would mean that most of the force was pulling downwards rather than backwards. instead, the braces for the upper yards run to another mast and thence to the deck. on the aftermost mast, this may mean they have to be led forwards instead of backwards. braces from the aftermost mast that run to the very stern of the ship often pass through blocks attached to short outriggers projecting from the side of the ship in order to improve their lead. these projections are called "bumkins" and can be seen in the picture.