the dutch, who, rather than "nanban" were called , lit. "red hair" by the japanese, first arrived in japan in 1600, on board the "liefde". their pilot was william adams, the first englishman to reach japan. in 1605, two of the "liefde"'s crew were sent to pattani by tokugawa ieyasu, to invite dutch trade to japan. the head of the pattani dutch trading post, victor sprinckel, refused on the grounds that he was too busy dealing with portuguese opposition in southeast asia. in 1609, however, the dutchman jacques specx arrived with two ships in hirado, and through adams obtained trading privileges from ieyasu.