in 1915 and part of 1916 (when he also played for the tacoma tigers and made his major league debut with the cardinals) he played in the minor leagues for the san francisco seals, and in 1917 he played for the american association milwaukee brewers and the st. paul saints. in 1919 he played for the oakland oaks, and in 1920 he played for the seattle rainiers for whom he batted .333 in 177 games. after his career in the major leagues concluded, he played for the minneapolis millers from 1927 to 1929, leading the club with 23 stolen bases in 1927.