the naval history of japan can be said to begin in early interactions with states on the asian continent in the early centuries of the 1st millennium, reaching a pre-modern peak of activity during the 16th century, a time of cultural exchange with european powers and extensive trade with the asian mainland. after over two centuries of relative seclusion under the tokugawa shogunate, japan's naval technologies were seen to be no match for western navies when the country was forced by american intervention in 1854 to abandon its maritime restrictions. this and other events led to the meiji restoration, a period of frantic modernization and industrialization accompanied by the re-ascendence of the emperor, making the imperial japanese navy the third largest navy in the world by 1920, and arguably the most modern at the brink of world war ii.