The complexities for Māori in creating health and disability  organisations based on their traditional knowledge and practices, when  the institutions and systems they are dealing with for health  developments are non-Māori, are part of the broader phenomenon of  contemporary indigenous knowledge based developments. This thesis  examines the relationships forming between the worlds of Māori and  non-Māori peoples through hauora Māori. The purpose of this study is to  examine Māori experiences of the development and delivery of indigenous  knowledge based hauora Maori models, and to consider these experiences  conceptually as models for kotahitanga (co-operative co-existence)  between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples. The five hauora Maori organisations studied were created during the  1990s to implement matauranga (Māori knowledge) through tikanga (Māori  methodologies), and were inclusive of non-Māori, both as service  providers and service receivers. The experiences of the five case study  organisations are considered within the historical, political, policy  and health sectoral contexts that influence Māori health development. The research methods are grounded in matauranga Maori through an  approach called Kareretanga, developed for this study and based on  traditional forms of knowledge gathering and dissemination.  Kareretangacharacterises and frames the experiences of hauora Maori  practitioners, Māori and non-Māori, in developing and delivering hauora  Māori. The matauranga of Māori scholars guides the study methodology  which focuses on three debates from the indigenous health development  literature: indigeneity; constructive engagement between indigenous and  non-indigenous peoples; and, matauranga for health developments. The findings illustrate multiple hauora Māori initiatives for  community development that are conceptualised as models for kotahitanga  between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples. The experiences of the  hauora Maori organisations studied have been conceptualised in this  study as multiple examples of kotahitanga between Māori and non-Māori  peoples; based on living together differently through indigeneity-based  hauora Māori organisations. The research concluded that ensuring the  inclusion of indigenous knowledge in contemporary health developments  not only underpins indigenous sustainability and resilience, it also  provides indigenous peoples with a platform to participate in national  and global developments in ways that can build the sustainability and  resilience of indigenous and non-indigenous peoples together