BREAKING: New Phase of Matter

I am definitely not the person to theorize on whether or not these things are actually possible but I wonder if there's a way to use similar or less amounts of space to encode richer information compared to modern computers.
Like I don't know if they could beat quantum computing, but perhaps there could be something that could revolutionize tech in a way that would make computing more powerful.
Like I'm imagining what if you could have a transistor that instead of being on or off could have three states and it could be like positive charge negative charge and neutral so that each bit of information could inherently carry more data because instead of working in a binary system you would be working in a ternary system. Or what if it was some kind of chemical-based  computer (which this actually might be more applicable to just data storage then processing power but anyways) or the day that is stored similar to like DNA or perhaps the various molecules can be bound around a central molecule like the core of a Rubik's cube so that the outside arrangement of molecules could store a lot of data because it could be in many different positions. Or perhaps molecules that link in some kind of web or crystalline structure that have different centers to them so say you could have nine different molecules that all have a different central part but bond to one another with the same outside components. Like how Ruby and Sapphire are the same perhaps you could create a structure that alternates Sapphire and Ruby to encode information. But something with more variety because that example still only uses two kinds of bits.

TLDR: could we encode information with bits that have more variety then 0 and 1 with similar or smaller space and energy than current computers use?