Commitments and Contingencies Operating Leases - The Company leases restaurant and office facilities and certain equipment under operating leases mainly having initial terms expiring between 2015 and 2032. The restaurant facility leases have renewal clauses primarily from five to 30 years , exercisable at the option of the Company. Certain of these leases require the payment of contingent rentals leased on a percentage of gross revenues, as defined by the terms of the applicable lease agreement. Total rent expense is as follows for the periods indicated: FISCAL YEAR (in thousands) 2014 2013 2012 Rent expense (1) $ 169,701 $ 156,720 $ 140,866 ____________________ (1) Includes contingent rent expense of $8.0 million , $6.5 million and $6.1 million for fiscal years 2014 , 2013 and 2012 , respectively. As of December 28, 2014 , future minimum rental payments under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows: (in thousands) 2015 $ 146,855 2016 131,858 2017 113,210 2018 97,241 2019 79,700 Thereafter 444,042 Total minimum lease payments (1) $ 1,012,906 ____________________ (1) Total minimum lease payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $2.1 million due in future periods under non-cancelable subleases. Purchase Obligations - Purchase obligations were $563.2 million and $439.8 million at December 28, 2014 and December 31, 2013 , respectively. These purchase obligations are primarily due within three years, however, commitments with various vendors extend through December 2021. Outstanding commitments consist primarily of beef, seafood and other food and beverage products related to normal business operations and contracts for advertising, technology and restaurant level service contracts. In 2014 , the Company purchased more than 90% of its beef raw materials from four beef suppliers that represent more than 90% of the total beef marketplace in the U.S. Litigation and Other Matters - The matter set forth below is subject to uncertainties and outcomes that are not predictable with certainty. The Co