OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION Cardlytics, Inc. (we, our, us, the Company, or Cardlytics) is a Delaware corporation and was formed on June 26, 2008. We make marketing more relevant and measurable through our purchase intelligence platform. Using one of the largest aggregations of purchase data through our partnerships with banks and credit unions, we have a secure view into where and when consumers are spending their money. By applying advanced analytics to this massive aggregation of anonymized purchase data, we make it actionable, helping marketers identify, reach and influence likely buyers at scale, and measure the true sales impact of their marketing spend. We also operate in the United Kingdom through Cardlytics UK Limited, a wholly-owned and operated subsidiary registered as a private limited company in England and Wales, and in India through Cardlytics Services India Private Limited, a wholly-owned and operated subsidiary registered as a private limited company in India. Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock On September 13, 2019 , we closed a public equity offering in which we sold 1,904,154 shares of common stock, which included 404,154 shares sold pursuant to the exercise by the underwriters of an option to purchase additional shares, at a public offering price of $34.00 per share. We received total net proceeds of $61.0 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $3.2 million and offering costs of $0.5 million . Selling stockholders, including certain of our executive officers and entities affiliated with certain of our directors, sold 1,194,365 shares of common stock in the offering at a public offering price of $34.00 . We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock by the selling stockholders. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 , we also received $19.2 million and $20.5 million in proceeds from the exercise of options and warrants to purchase shares of common stock, respectively. Unaudited Interim Results The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and information have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year due to the seasonality of our business, which has been historically impacted by higher consumer spending during the fourth quarter. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included on our Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Annual Report") for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 . Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include revenue recognition, internal-use software development costs, income taxes, stock-based compensation, derivative instruments, income tax valuation allowance and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and also on assumptions that we believe are reasonable. Changes in facts or circumstances may cause us to change our assumptions and estimates in future periods and it is possible that actual results could differ from our current or revised future estimates.