Financial information by reportable segment is as follows: Reinforcement Materials Performance Chemicals Purification Solutions Specialty Fluids (1) Segment Total Unallocated and Other (2) Consolidated Total (In millions) Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Revenues from external customers (3) $ 355 $ 245 $ 64 $  $ 664 $ 46 $ 710 Income (loss) before income taxes (4) $ 61 $ 31 $ 3 $  $ 95 $ (83 ) $ 12 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Revenues from external customers (3) $ 445 $ 254 $ 72 $ 24 $ 795 $ 49 $ 844 Income (loss) before income taxes (4) $ 61 $ 38 $ 1 $ 12 $ 112 $ (63 ) $ 49 Six Months Ended March 31, 2020 Revenues from external customers (2) $ 734 $ 487 $ 123 $  $ 1,344 $ 93 $ 1,437 Income (loss) before income taxes (3) $ 108 $ 72 $ 1 $  $ 181 $ (119 ) $ 62 Six Months Ended March 31, 2019 Revenues from external customers (2) $ 902 $ 485 $ 137 $ 43 $ 1,567 $ 98 $ 1,665 Income (loss) before income taxes (3) $ 123 $ 74 $ (2 ) $ 22 $ 217 $ (98 ) $ 119 (1) Cabot divested its Specialty Fluids business during the third quarter of fiscal 2019. The agreement to divest this business did not meet the criteria for reporting this business as a discontinued operation, and therefore, the prior periods financial statements and disclosures have not been recast. For more detail on the sale of the Specialty Fluids business, please refer to the 2019 10-K and Note C above. (2) Unallocated and Other includes certain items and eliminations necessary to reflect managements reporting of operating segment results. These items are reflective of the segment reporting presented to the CODM. ( 3 ) Consolidated Total Revenues from external customers reconciles to Net sales and other operating revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Revenues from external customers that are categorized as Unallocated and Other reflects royalties, external shipping and handling fees, the impact of unearned revenue, the removal of 100% of the sales of an equity method affiliate, discounting charges for certain Notes receivable, and by-product revenue. Details are provided in the table below: Three Months Ended March 31 Six Months Ended March 31 2020 2019 2020 2019 (In millions) Royalties, the impact of unearned revenue, the removal of 100% of the sales of an equity method affiliate and discounting charges for certain notes receivable $ (1 ) $ (3 ) $ (2 ) $ (6) Shipping and handling fees 30 32 61 64 By-product sales 17 20 34 40 Total $ 46 $ 49 $ 93 $ 98 ( 4 ) Consolidated Total Income (loss) before income taxes reconciles to Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of affiliated companies on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Income (loss) before income taxes that are categorized as Unallocated and Other includes: Three Months Ended March 31 Six Months Ended March 31 2020 2019 2020 2019 (In millions) Interest expense $ (14 ) $ (14 ) $ (28 ) $ (29 ) Certain items (a) Legal and environmental matters and reserves (51 ) (1 ) (50 ) (1 ) Global restructuring activities (Note K) (5 ) (2 ) (13 ) (11 ) Employee benefit plan settlements (1 )  (3 ) 3 Acquisition and integration-related charges (1 ) (1 ) (2 ) (4 ) Specialty Fluids loss on sale and asset impairment charges (1 ) (20 ) (1 ) (20 ) Indirect tax settlement credits 3  3  Equity affiliate investment impairment charge  (11 )  (11 ) Other  (2 ) (1 ) (3 ) Total certain items, pre-tax (56 ) (37 ) (67 ) (47 ) Unallocated corporate costs (b) (12 ) (13 ) (22 ) (25 ) General unallocated income (expense) (c)  1 (1 ) 3 Less: Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax (d) 1  1  Total $ (83 ) $ (63 ) $ (119 ) $ (98 ) (a) Certain items are items of expense and income that management does not consider representative of the Companys fundamental on-going segment results and they are, therefore, excluded from Segment EBIT. (b) Unallocated corporate costs are costs that are not controlled by the segments and primarily benefit corporate interests. (c) General unallocated income (expense) consists of gains (losses) arising from foreign currency transactions, net of other foreign currency risk management activities, Interest and dividend income, the profit or loss related to the corporate adjustment for unearned revenue, the impact of including the full operating results of a contractual joint venture in Purification Solutions Segment EBIT and unrealized holding gains (losses) for equity securities. (d) Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax, is included in Segment EBIT and is removed in Unallocated and other to reconcile to Income (loss) from operations before income taxes and equity in earnings from affiliated companies.