Commitments and Contingencies See Note 16 for disclosures related to legal contingencies. a. Leases We conduct certain of our research, development, and administrative activities at leased facilities. We also lease certain warehouses and vehicles. As described in Note 1, during the first quarter of 2019, we adopted ASC 842, Leases . We determine if an arrangement is a lease considering whether there is an identified asset and the contract conveys the right to control its use. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate a lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. We account for lease components ( e.g. , rental payments) separately from non-lease components ( e.g. , common area maintenance costs). Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option we are reasonably certain to exercise. For leases where an implicit rate is not readily determinable, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of future lease payments. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. Operating leases Amounts recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and Statements of Operations included in this report associated with operating leases were not material. Operating lease right-of-use assets are included within Other noncurrent assets, and lease liabilities are included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other noncurrent liabilities. Finance leases In March 2017, we entered into a Participation Agreement with BA Leasing BSC, LLC, an affiliate of Banc of America Leasing &amp; Capital LLC ("BAL"), as lessor, and a syndicate of lenders (collectively, the "Lease Participants"). In March 2017, we also entered into a Lease and Remedies Agreement with BAL, pursuant to which we have leased laboratory and office facilities in Tarrytown, New York (the "Facility") for a five -year term. The Participation Agreement, the Lease and Remedies Agreement, and certain other related agreements were amended and restated in May 2019, among other things, to revise certain covenants, representations and warranties, and events of default to be substantially similar to those set forth in the agreement governing the Company's revolving credit facility (as so amended and restated, the "Participation Agreement" and the "Lease," respectively). The Lease requires us to pay all maintenance, insurance, taxes, and other costs arising out of the use of the Facility. We are also required to make monthly payments of basic rent during the term of the Lease in an amount equal to a variable rate per annum based on the one-month LIBOR, plus an applicable margin that varies with our debt rating and total leverage ratio. The Participation Agreement and the Lease include an option for us to elect to extend the maturity date of the Participation Agreement and the term of the Lease for an additional five -year period, subject to the consent of all the Lease Participants and certain other conditions. We also have the option prior to the end of the term of the Lease to (a) purchase the Facility by paying an amount equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Lease Participants' advances under the Participation Agreement, all accrued and unpaid interest and yield thereon, and all other outstanding amounts under the Participation Agreement, the Lease, and certain related documents or (b) sell the Facility to a third party on behalf of BAL. The advances under the Participation Agreement mature, and all amounts outstanding thereunder will become due and payable in full, at the end of the term of the Lease. Prior to January 1, 2019, for certain of the premises under the Lease we were deemed, in substance, to be the owner of the buildings (collectively, the "Build-to-Suit Buildings"). Upon the adoption of ASC 842, the classification of the Build-to-Suit Buildings, for which the construction period had been completed, was reassessed and, consequently, they were derecognized and recognized as a finance lease. These premises, along with the other premises under the Lease, are classified as a finance lease as we have the option to purchase the Facility under terms that make it reasonably certain to be exercised. The agreements governing the Lease financing contain financial and operating covenants. The Company was in compliance with all such covenants as of December 31, 2019 . Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet related to the Lease are included in the table below. Other than the Lease described above, we had no leases accounted for as finance leases as of December 31, 2019 . December 31, Classification 2019 Finance lease right-of-use assets Property, plant, and equipment, net (1) $ 660.1 Finance lease liabilities Finance lease liabilities (noncurrent) $ 713.9 (1) Finance lease right-of-use assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $76.1 million as of December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, property, plant, and equipment, at cost, included $723.9 million of leased property under the Lease. Accumulated amortization related to these assets amounted to $61.7 million as of December 31, 2018. Finance lease costs consist of the following: Year Ended December 31, 2019 Amortization of right-of-use assets $ 14.4 Interest on lease liabilities 27.6 $ 42.0 Other information related to our finance lease includes the following: December 31, 2019 Remaining lease term (in years) 2.17 Discount rate 3.05 % Supplemental information The following is a maturity analysis of our lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 : Operating Leases Finance Leases 2020 $ 7.6 $ 22.2 2021 6.6 21.9 2022 3.3 725.4 2023 2.0  2024 2.3  Thereafter 4.3  Total undiscounted lease payments 26.1 769.5 Imputed interest (2.5 ) (50.1 ) Debt financing costs  (5.5 ) Total lease liabilities $ 23.6 $ 713.9 As of December 31, 2018, the estimated future minimum noncancelable lease commitments, excluding the purchase price we would be obligated to pay if we were to exercise our option to purchase the Facility, were as follows: Operating Leases Capital and Facility Lease Obligations 2019 $ 10.4 $ 26.4 2020 3.8 28.4 2021 3.4 27.9 2022 2.2 7.0 2023 1.5  Thereafter 4.1  $ 25.4 $ 89.7 b. Research Collaboration and Licensing Agreements As part of our research and development efforts, we enter into research collaboration and licensing agreements with other companies, universities, and other organizations. These agreements contain varying terms and provisions which include fees to be paid by the Company, services to be provided, and license rights to certain proprietary technology developed under the agreements. Some of these agreements may require the Company to pay additional amounts upon the achievement of various development and commercial milestones, contingent upon the occurrence of various future events. Additionally, we have in-license patent and/or technology agreements which contain provisions which require the Company to pay royalties, as defined, at rates that range from 0.5% to 11.5% , in the event the Company sells or licenses any proprietary products developed under the respective agreements. The Company also has contingent reimbursement obligations to its collaborators Sanofi and Bayer out of the respective collaboration's profits, if they are sufficient for that purpose. See Note 3 for a more detailed description of collaboration agreements. For the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 , the Company recorded royalty expense in Cost of goods sold and Cost of collaboration and contract manufacturing of $54.2 million , $36.7 million , and $30.8 million , respectively, based on product sales of commercial products under various licensing agreements.