Commitments and Contingencies Employment Agreements and Arrangements At December 31, 2019 , the Company does not have any employment agreements with executive officers. The standard restricted stock and option agreements used by the Company in its compensation program provide that upon an employee's termination without cause or the employee's Retirement (as defined in the agreement), all outstanding stock options and restricted shares of stock held by the employee will vest, and the employee will have up to 12 months or until the fifth anniversary of the grant date, if later, or until the option expiration date, if earlier, to exercise any options then held. Under the agreements, Retirement generally means a termination of employment and other business relationships, other than for cause, after attainment of age 50 , provided that (i) the employee has worked for the Company for at least 10 years , (ii) the employee's age at Retirement plus years of employment with the Company equals at least 70 , (iii) the employee provides at least six months written notice of intent to retire, and (iv) the employee enters into a one year non-compete and employee non-solicitation agreement. The Company also has an Officer Severance Program (the Program). Under the Program, in the event an officer who is not otherwise covered by a severance arrangement is terminated (other than for cause), or chooses to terminate his or her employment for good reason (as defined), in either case within 18 months following a sale event (as defined) of the Company, such officer will generally receive a cash lump sum payment equal to a multiple of the officer's covered compensation (base salary plus annual cash bonus). The multiple is one time for vice presidents and senior vice presidents, two times for executive vice presidents and three times for the chief executive officer. The officer's restricted stock and options would also vest. Costs related to the Program are deferred and recognized over the requisite service period when considered by management to be probable and estimable. Legal Contingencies The Company accounts for recoveries from legal matters as a reduction in the legal and related costs incurred associated with the matter, with recoveries in excess of these costs reported as a gain or, where appropriate, a reduction in the net cost basis of a community to which the suit related. During the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , the Company recognized $6,292,000 , $946,000 and $6,118,000 in legal recoveries, respectively. Legal recoveries recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019 include $3,126,000 in proceeds related to a former Development Right and $2,237,000 in proceeds related to a construction defect at a community. Amounts recognized during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 include $554,000 and $5,438,000 respectively, in legal settlement proceeds relating to construction defects at communities acquired as part of the Archstone Acquisition, reported as a component of casualty and impairment loss, net on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company is involved in various other claims and/or administrative proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business. While no assurances can be given, the Company does not currently believe that any of these outstanding litigation matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. Lease Obligations The Company owns 11 apartment communities, one community under development and two commercial properties, located on land subject to ground leases expiring between October 2026 and March 2142. The ground leases for 10 of 11 of the apartment communities and the rest of the ground leases, are accounted for as operating leases, with rental expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. These operating leases have varying rental escalation terms, primarily based on variables determined at future dates such as changes in the Consumer Price Index, and five of these leases have purchase options exercisable through 2095. In addition, the Company is party to 17 leases for its corporate and regional offices with varying terms through 2031, all of which are accounted for as operating leases. As of December 31, 2019 , the Company has total operating lease assets of $103,063,000 and lease obligations of $120,261,000 , reported as components of right of use lease assets and lease liabilities, respectively, on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company incurred costs of $14,371,000 , $21,788,000 and $23,431,000 in the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively, related to operating leases. One apartment community is located on land subject to a ground lease which is accounted for as a finance lease. Under the terms of the lease, the Company has the option to purchase the land during the lease term, which expires in 2046. In addition to the leases described above, the Company is party to two leases for portions of parking garages, one adjacent to an apartment community and one adjacent to a community under development, accounted for as finance leases and subject to the Company's lease accounting policies discussed in Note 1, Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies. The Company has total finance lease assets of $21,898,000 and lease obligations of $20,207,000 , reported as components of right of use lease assets and lease liabilities, respectively, on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company contributed a dual-branded apartment community, Avalon West Chelsea and AVA High Line, located on land subject to a single land lease, to the newly formed NYC Joint Venture. See Note 5, Investments in Real Estate Entities, for discussion of the formation of the venture. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company acquired the land encumbered by the ground lease for Avalon Morningside Park for $95,000,000 , recognizing a non-cash write-off of prepaid rent of $11,153,000 associated with the ground lease termination, reported as a component of (loss) gain on other real estate transactions on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Also during the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company exercised its purchase option under a capital lease, acquiring the land encumbered by the ground lease for Avalon at Assembly Row and AVA Somerville for $17,285,000 . The following table details the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rates for the Companys ground and office leases: Weighted-average remaining lease term - finance leases 26 years Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases 53 years Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases 4.63 % Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases 5.06 % The following tables details the future minimum lease payments under the Company's current leases and a reconciliation of undiscounted and discounted cash flows for operating and finance leases (dollars in thousands): Payments due by period 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Operating Lease Obligations $ 12,050 $ 14,055 $ 14,003 $ 13,473 $ 13,320 $ 364,284 Finance Lease Obligations 1,077 1,080 1,082 1,084 1,087 40,133 $ 13,127 $ 15,135 $ 15,085 $ 14,557 $ 14,407 $ 404,417 Total undiscounted cash flows Total lease liabilities Difference between discounted and undiscounted cash flows Operating Lease Obligations $ 431,185 $ 120,261 $ 310,924 Finance Lease Obligations 45,543 20,207 25,336 $ 476,728 $ 140,468 $ 336,260