This thesis is a study of language planning and language policy in Australia and Greece between 1970 and 2005, in the light of network governability and public policy within a globalised context. How different countries and their governments respond to language education challenges and how they initiate and sustain language planning and policy changes are essential for the population of the country. It is an ongoing challenge. The critical issue that this study examines is how countries, in particular Australia and Greece, organise their public policy arrangements in comparison to one another to give effect to economic and social rationales within a competitive global environment. Accordingly, this study orients its direction towards the recent past and the contemporary period focusing on language education within national, regional and global socio-political and economic contexts, thus encouraging an examination of the influences on decision-making. The key to addressing this critical issue depends on how well Australia and Greece have, each in their specific context, designed planning for language education and implemented and evaluated programs based on the aims and objectives of planning and policy. Furthermore the performance of the respective countries depends on what they can learn from the other’s performance in the area of language planning and policy implementation to maintain a global competitive advantage