Title:
In vitro and in vivo skin anti-aging evaluation of gel containing niosomes loaded with a semi-purified fraction containing gallic acid from Terminalia chebula galls.

Abstract:
The galls of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) frequently appear in many Thai Lanna medicinal plant recipes for promotion of longevity.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the skin anti-aging of gel containing niosomes loaded with a semi-purified fraction containing gallic acid from T. chebula galls.
The semi-purified fraction containing phenolic compounds including gallic acid isolated from T. chebula galls loaded in non-elastic or elastic niosomes, and its developed gel, were evaluated for rabbit skin irritation by the closed patch test and skin anti-aging in human volunteers by measuring skin elasticity and roughness.
Gel containing the fraction unloaded (SS) or loaded in non-elastic (SN) or elastic (SE) niosomes and gallic acid loaded in non-elastic (GN) or elastic (GE) niosomes showed no skin irritation, whereas the unloaded gallic acid (GS) gave the irritation in rabbit's skin by the closed patch test. The % parameter changes of skin elastic recovery and skin elastic extension when applied with SN and SE gels were +28.73 and +32.57; -21.25 and -22.63%, respectively. SN and SE gel also showed a significant decrease of the maximum and average roughness values with the parameter changes of -29.43 and -32.38; -39.47 and -35.28%, respectively.
The semi-purified fraction loaded in niosomes indicated not only higher chemical stability of gallic acid containing in the fraction, but also more in vivo anti-aging activities than the unloaded fraction when incorporated in gel.