Segment Information Reportable operating segments are determined based on Comtechs management approach. The management approach, as defined by FASB ASC 280 "Segment Reporting" is based on the way that the CODM organizes the segments within an enterprise for making decisions about resources to be allocated and assessing their performance. Our CODM, for purposes of FASB ASC 280, is our Chief Executive Officer and President. Our Commercial Solutions segment offers satellite ground station technologies (such as modems and amplifiers) and public safety and location technologies (such as 911 call routing and mapping solutions) to commercial customers and smaller government customers, such as state and local governments. This segment also serves certain large government customers (including the U.S. government) that have requirements for off-the-shelf commercial equipment. Our Government Solutions segment provides mission-critical technologies (such as tactical satellite-based networks and ongoing support for complicated communications networks) and high-performance transmission technologies (such as troposcatter systems and solid-state, high-power amplifiers) to large government end-users (including those of foreign countries), large international customers and domestic prime contractors. Our CODM primarily uses a metric that we refer to as Adjusted EBITDA to measure an operating segments performance and to make decisions about resources to be allocated. Our Adjusted EBITDA metric for the Commercial Solutions and Government Solutions segments do not consider any allocation of indirect expenses, or any of the following: income taxes, interest (income) and other, write-off of deferred financing costs, interest expense, amortization of stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, depreciation expense, estimated contract settlement costs, settlement of intellectual property litigation, acquisition plan expenses, facility exit costs or strategic alternatives analysis expenses and other expenses that relate to our Unallocated segment. These items, while periodically affecting our results, may vary significantly from period to period and may have a disproportionate effect in a given period, thereby affecting the comparability of results. Any amounts shown in the Adjusted EBITDA calculation for our Commercial Solutions and Government Solutions segments are directly attributable to those segments. Our Adjusted EBITDA is also used by our management in assessing the Company's operating results. Although closely aligned, the Company's definition of Adjusted EBITDA is different than the Consolidated EBITDA (as such term is defined in our Credit Facility) utilized for financial covenant calculations and also may differ from the definition of EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA used by other companies and, therefore, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Operating segment information, along with a reconciliation of segment net income (loss) and consolidated net income to Adjusted EBITDA is presented in the tables below: Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2019 Commercial Solutions Government Solutions Unallocated Total Net sales $ 357,293,000 314,504,000  $ 671,797,000 Operating income (loss) $ 36,053,000 28,997,000 (23,643,000 ) $ 41,407,000 Net income (loss) $ 35,888,000 29,029,000 (39,876,000 ) $ 25,041,000 Provision for income taxes 19,000  3,850,000 3,869,000 Interest (income) and other 75,000 (41,000 ) 1,000 35,000 Write-off of deferred financing costs   3,217,000 3,217,000 Interest expense 71,000 9,000 9,165,000 9,245,000 Amortization of stock-based compensation   11,427,000 11,427,000 Amortization of intangibles 14,944,000 3,376,000  18,320,000 Depreciation 9,265,000 1,891,000 771,000 11,927,000 Estimated contract settlement costs 6,351,000   6,351,000 Settlement of intellectual property litigation   (3,204,000 ) (3,204,000 ) Acquisition plan expenses   5,871,000 5,871,000 Facility exit costs  1,373,000  1,373,000 Adjusted EBITDA $ 66,613,000 35,637,000 (8,778,000 ) $ 93,472,000 Purchases of property, plant and equipment $ 6,293,000 1,902,000 590,000 $ 8,785,000 Long-lived assets acquired in connection with acquisitions $ 60,693,000   $ 60,693,000 Total assets at July 31, 2019 $ 662,580,000 186,438,000 38,693,000 $ 887,711,000 Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2018 Commercial Solutions Government Solutions Unallocated Total Net sales $ 345,076,000 225,513,000  $ 570,589,000 Operating income (loss) $ 40,837,000 10,950,000 (16,712,000 ) $ 35,075,000 Net income (loss) $ 40,297,000 10,835,000 (21,363,000 ) $ 29,769,000 Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 270,000  (5,413,000 ) (5,143,000 ) Interest (income) and other 151,000 112,000 (9,000 ) 254,000 Interest expense 119,000 3,000 10,073,000 10,195,000 Amortization of stock-based compensation   8,569,000 8,569,000 Amortization of intangibles 17,699,000 3,376,000  21,075,000 Depreciation 9,479,000 3,088,000 1,088,000 13,655,000 Adjusted EBITDA $ 68,015,000 17,414,000 (7,055,000 ) $ 78,374,000 Purchases of property, plant and equipment $ 7,151,000 901,000 590,000 $ 8,642,000 Total assets at July 31, 2018 $ 610,166,000 195,924,000 39,067,000 $ 845,157,000 Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2017 Commercial Solutions Government Solutions Unallocated Total Net sales $ 330,867,000 219,501,000  $ 550,368,000 Operating income (loss) $ 33,234,000 9,393,000 (5,585,000 ) $ 37,042,000 Net income (loss) $ 32,871,000 9,421,000 (26,465,000 ) $ 15,827,000 Provision for income taxes 258,000  9,396,000 9,654,000 Interest (income) and other (108,000 ) (34,000 ) 74,000 (68,000 ) Interest expense 213,000 6,000 11,410,000 11,629,000 Amortization of stock-based compensation   8,506,000 8,506,000 Amortization of intangibles 17,698,000 5,125,000  22,823,000 Depreciation 9,938,000 2,938,000 1,478,000 14,354,000 Settlement of intellectual property litigation   (12,020,000 ) (12,020,000 ) Adjusted EBITDA $ 60,870,000 17,456,000 (7,621,000 ) $ 70,705,000 Purchases of property, plant and equipment $ 7,007,000 1,046,000 97,000 $ 8,150,000 Total assets at July 31, 2017 $ 606,436,000 185,234,000 40,393,000 $ 832,063,000 Unallocated expenses result from corporate expenses such as executive compensation, accounting, legal and other regulatory compliance related costs and also includes all of our amortization of stock-based compensation. During fiscal 2019 , unallocated expenses also include $5,871,000 of acquisition plan expenses. In addition, offsetting unallocated expenses in fiscal 2019 is a $3,204,000 benefit resulting from a favorable ruling of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit related to a legacy TCS intellectual property matter. See Note (13) (b)- "Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Proceedings and Other Matters" for further information. Unallocated expenses reflect favorable adjustments to operating income related to: (i) warranty and sales and use tax settlements in fiscal 2018; and (ii) settlement of certain legacy TCS intellectual property matters in fiscal 2017. Interest expense in the tables above relate to our Prior Credit Facility and new Credit Facility, and includes the amortization of deferred financing costs. In addition, during fiscal 2019, we recorded a $3,217,000 loss from the write-off of deferred financing costs primarily related to the Term Loan Facility portion of our Prior Credit Facility. See Note (8) - " Credit Facility " for further discussion. There were no comparable losses recorded in fiscal 2018 and 2017. Intersegment sales in fiscal 2019 , 2018 and 2017 by the Commercial Solutions segment to the Government Solutions segment were $17,371,000 , $9,630,000 and $12,492,000 , respectively. There were nominal sales by the Government Solutions segment to the Commercial Solutions segment for these fiscal periods. All intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation and are excluded from the tables above. Unallocated assets at July 31, 2019 consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, income taxes receivable, corporate property, plant and equipment and deferred financing costs. Substantially all of our long-lived assets are located in the U.S.