This health sector profile is a description of the health sector in Bangladesh, including its structure, resources, services, performance and dynamics. This document provides an overview of the sector, based on publicly available reports and data. The document intends to help the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) and its partners to agree on the way forward and its respective roles in the process. It is neither an evaluation nor a programme review, rather it draws and extracts from these key documents to describe how the system works. Chapters one and two provide an overview on the health status of the people of Bangladesh and the determinants of health. Chapters three to eight summarise relevant aspects of the six health systems building blocks: the overall organisation of the health sector including governance and leadership; health services; human resources; information; financing; and medicines. Chapter nine summarises system reform aspects in the Health, Nutrition and Population Sector Programme (HNPSP) and work leading to the new draft national health policy. The annex provides a list of people consulted. The focus of the health sector profile is to describe how the sector works rather than how it should, or what has not happened in the past. The document offers no recommendations of its own in an attempt to leave open space for dialogue. To best serve this purpose, the profile describes all building blocks rather than only those areas where data and information are available. The expectation is that the profile will be updated periodically to fill existing gaps and reflect changes in the sector over time