9 . CONTINGENCIES There are a variety of legal proceedings pending or threatened against the Company that occur in the normal course of the Companys business, the majority of which relate to environmental matters. Some of these proceedings may result in fines, penalties, judgments or costs being assessed against the Company at some future time. The Companys operations are subject to extensive local, state and federal regulations, including the U.S. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and the Superfund amendments of 1986 (Superfund) as well as comparable regulations applicable to the Companys foreign locations. Over the years, the Company has received requests for information related to or has been named by the government authorities as a potentially responsible party (PRP) at a number of sites where cleanup costs have been or may be incurred under CERCLA and similar state statutes. In addition, damages are being claimed against the Company in general liability actions for alleged personal injury or property damage in the case of some disposal and plant sites. The Company believes that it has made adequate provisions for the costs it is likely to incur with respect to these sites. As of March 31, 2019, the Company estimated a range of possible environmental and legal losses of $23.4 million to $44.7 million. Within the range of possible environmental and legal losses, currently management has concluded that there are no amounts within the ranges that are more likely to occur than any other amounts in the ranges and, thus, has accrued at the lower end of the ranges; that accrual totaled $23.4 million at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Cash expenditures related to legal and environmental matters approximated $0.2 million for each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. For certain sites, the Company has responded to information requests made by federal, state or local government agencies but has received no response confirming or denying the Companys stated positions. As such, estimates of the total costs, or range of possible costs, of remediation, if any, or the Companys share of such costs, if any, cannot be determined with respect to these sites. Consequently, the Company is unable to predict the effect thereof on the Companys financial position, cash flows and results of operations. Based upon the Companys present knowledge with respect to its involvement at these sites, the possibility of other viable entities responsibilities for cleanup, and the extended period over which any costs would be incurred, management believes that the Company has no liability at these sites and that these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material effect on the Companys financial position. However, in the event of one or more adverse determinations with respect to such sites in any annual or interim period, the effect on the Companys cash flows and results of operations for those periods could be material. Following are summaries of the material contingencies at March 31, 2019: Maywood, New Jersey Site The Companys property in Maywood, New Jersey and property formerly owned by the Company adjacent to its current site and other nearby properties (Maywood site) were listed on the National Priorities List in September 1993 pursuant to the provisions of CERCLA because of certain alleged chemical contamination. Pursuant to an Administrative Order on Consent entered into between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the Company for property formerly owned by the Company, and the issuance of an order by USEPA to the Company for property currently owned by the Company, the Company has completed various Remedial Investigation Feasibility Studies (RI/FS), and on September 24, 2014, the USEPA issued its Record of Decision (ROD) for chemically-contaminated soil. USEPA has not yet issued a ROD for chemically-contaminated groundwater for the Maywood site. Based on the most current information available, the Company believes its recorded liability is reasonable having considered the range of estimated cost of remediation for the Maywood site. The estimate of the cost of remediation for the Maywood site could change as the Company continues to hold discussions with USEPA, as the design of the remedial action progresses, if a groundwater ROD is issued or if other PRPs are identified. The ultimate amount for which the Company is liable could differ from the Companys current recorded liability. In April 2015, the Company entered into an Administrative Settlement Agreement and Administrative Order on Consent with USEPA which requires payment of certain costs and performance of certain investigative and design work for chemically-contaminated soil. Based on the Companys review and analysis of this order, no changes to the Companys recorded liability for claims associated with soil remediation of chemical contamination were required. In addition, under the terms of a settlement agreement reached on November 12, 2004, the U.S. Department of Justice and the Company agreed to fulfill the terms of a Cooperative Agreement reached in 1985 under which the United States will take title to and responsibility for radioactive waste removal at the Maywood site, including past and future remediation costs incurred by the United States. As such, the Company recorded no liability related to this settlement agreement. DImperio Property Site During the mid-1970s, Jerome Lightman and the Lightman Drum Company disposed of hazardous substances at several sites in New Jersey. The Company was named as a PRP in a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey that involved the DImperio Property Site located in New Jersey. In 2016, the PRPs were provided with updated remediation cost estimates, which were considered in the Companys determination of its range of estimated possible losses and liability balance. The changes in range of possible losses and liability balance were immaterial. Remediation work is continuing at this site. Based on current information, the Company believes that its recorded liability is reasonable having considered the range of estimated cost of remediation for the DImperio site. Depending on the ultimate cost of the remediation at this site, the amount for which the Company is liable could differ from the current estimates. Wilmington Site The Company is currently contractually obligated to contribute to the response costs associated with the Companys formerly-owned site in Wilmington, Massachusetts. Remediation at this site is being managed by its current owner, to whom the Company sold the property in 1980. Under the agreement, once total site remediation costs exceed certain levels, the Company is obligated to contribute up to five percent of future response costs associated with this site with no limitation on the ultimate amount of contributions. The Company has paid the current owner $2.7 million for the Companys portion of environmental response costs through March 31, 2019. The Company has recorded a liability for its portion of the estimated remediation costs for the site. Depending on the ultimate cost of the remediation at this site, the amount for which the Company is liable could differ from the current estimates. The Company and other prior owners also entered into an agreement in April 2004 waiving certain statute of limitations defenses for claims which may be filed by the Town of Wilmington, Massachusetts, in connection with this site. While the Company has denied any liability for any such claims, the Company agreed to this waiver while the parties continue to discuss the resolution of any potential claim which may be filed. Other U.S. Sites Through the regular environmental monitoring of its plant production sites, the Company discovered levels of chemical contamination that were above thresholds allowed by law at two of its U.S plants. The Company voluntarily reported its results to the applicable state environmental agencies. As a result, the Company is required to perform self-remediation of the affected areas. In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company recognized a charge for the estimated cost of remediating the sites. Based on current information, the Company believes that its recorded liability for the remediation of the affected areas is appropriate based on estimate of expected costs. However, actual costs could differ from current estimates.