Fact-Checking this Viral Bottle Trick

I am sorry Diana, but your story about HMS Daring is a bit wrong.  At least I have never read that cavitation was *her* problem.  She was originally fitted with two older design locomotive boilers and four-cylinder, triple-expansion piston steam engines, when that was tested she was indeed too slow.  Then the boilers were replaced with four (smaller and more efficient) water tube boilers, she exceeded her 26 knot contract speed.  But she was never expected to manage 32 kt.  See below.
HOWEVER...  The story about cavitation was right, just misapplied.  The problems with cavitation *really* became a problem when Charles Parsons started running his steam turbine technology proof vessel SS Turbinia.  The single turbine originally fitted ran at high revolutions per second, and resulted in massive cavitation due to the high shaft speed.  Parsons replaced the whole engine and propulsion solution with a three shaft system, although the shafts were still turning at the same high speed.  To reduce the cavitation, smaller propellors were used to reduce the tip speed, each shaft having three propellors.
The first Royal Navy *turbine-driven* torpedo boat destroyers all had similar problems, and used a variety of propellor systems to allieviate the cavitation.  The best known of those ships was *HMS Viper* - which at 32 knots, was the fastest military vessel in the world when tested, and therefore the ship you had heard about... but really, Turbinia was THE vessel used for the research..  Viper had four shafts, each with two propellors.  By the time a turbines were applied to a ship that was quite large, the direct connected turbines had a large diameter, and so were reasonably efficient in ships like HMS Dreadnought, SS Lusitania and SS Mauretania.
The solution was to slow the shafts down relative to the turbines.  That was achieved with reduction gearing, and then improved further with double-reduction gearing.  This allowed meeting the hydrodynamic needs separately from the high turbine speeds that are necessary for efficient operation.
The story is quite fascinating if you want to look into it further.  Parsons also did research into hull shapes, and that research led to modern transom-sterned planing hulls.
By the way, SS Turbinia, and her turbine power plant, is still to be seen in the Newcastle Maritime Museum in the UK.  HMS Viper was not so lucky, she run up onto rocks in a fog.