19. Segmented Information Management, including the Companys Chief Executive Officer (CEO) who is the Companys Chief Operating Decision Maker (as defined in the Segment Reporting Topic of the FASB ASC), assesses segment performance based on segment revenues and gross margins. Selling, general and administrative expenses, research and development costs, amortization of intangibles, receivables provisions (recoveries), write-downs net of recoveries, interest income, interest expense and tax (provision) recovery are not allocated to the segments. The Companys reportable segments are organized under four primary groups identified by nature of product sold or service provided: (1) Network Business, representing variable revenue generated by box office results and which includes the reportable segment of IMAX DMR and contingent rent from the joint revenue sharing arrangements and IMAX systems segments (e ffective January 1, 2018, the Company no longer includes hybrid joint revenue sharing arrangements, which are accounted for as a sale under ASC Topic 606, in the joint revenue sharing arrangement reportable segment. These arrangements are now reflected under the IMAX systems segment of Theater Business, prior years have not been adjusted to reflect the change in accounting policy) ; (2) Theater Business, representing revenue generated by the sale and installation of theater systems and maintenance services, primarily related to the IMAX Systems and Theater System Maintenance reportable segments, and also includes hybrid (fixed and contingent) revenues and upfront installation costs from sales arrangements previously reported in the joint revenue sharing arrangements segment and after-market sales of projection system parts and 3D glasses from the other segment; (3) New Business, which includes content licensing and distribution fees associated with the Companys original content investments, virtual reality initiatives, and other business initiatives that are in the development and/or start-up phase, and (4) Other; which includes the film post-production and distribution segments, certain IMAX theaters that the Company owns and operates, camera rentals and other miscellaneous items. The Company is presenting information at a disaggregated level to provide more relevant information to readers, as permitted by the standard. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all the related amendments on a prospective basis, refer to note 4 for additional information. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in note 2. Transactions between the film production and IMAX DMR segment and the film post-production segment are valued at exchange value. Inter-segment profits are eliminated upon consolidation, as well as for the disclosures below. Operating Segments Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Revenue (1) Network business IMAX DMR $ 110,793 $ 108,853 $ 106,403 Joint revenue sharing arrangements  contingent rent 73,371 70,444 73,500 IMAX systems  contingent rent - 3,890 4,644 184,164 183,187 184,547 Theater business IMAX systems 100,656 90,347 100,884 Joint revenue sharing arrangements  fixed fees 9,706 10,118 17,913 Theater system maintenance 49,684 45,383 40,430 Other theater 8,358 9,145 10,888 168,404 154,993 170,115 New business (2) 5,769 24,522 626 Other Film post-production 9,516 10,382 8,873 Film distribution 3,446 2,790 5,254 Other 3,102 4,893 7,919 16,064 18,065 22,046 Total Revenues $ 374,401 $ 380,767 $ 377,334 Gross Margin Network business IMAX DMR (4) $ 72,773 $ 71,789 $ 69,196 Joint revenue sharing arrangements  contingent rent (4) 48,856 47,337 54,705 IMAX systems  contingent rent - 3,890 4,644 121,629 123,016 128,545 Theater business IMAX systems (3) (4) 60,019 57,734 55,448 Joint revenue sharing arrangements  fixed fees (4) 1,982 2,349 5,132 Theater system maintenance (3) 21,991 18,275 13,660 Other theater 1,806 1,965 1,930 85,798 80,323 76,170 New business (2) (350) (16,176) (2,199) Other Film post-production 3,107 4,791 3,729 Film distribution (4) (1,344) (5,797) (3,909) Other (911) (911) 342 852 (1,917) 162 Total segment margin $ 207,929 $ 185,246 $ 202,678 Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Depreciation and amortization Network business IMAX DMR $ 13,602 $ 15,779 $ 15,028 Joint revenue sharing arrangements - contingent rent 21,970 19,092 16,724 Theater business IMAX systems 3,615 3,551 4,165 Theater system maintenance 164 173 72 New business (2) 2,519 15,365 629 Other Film post-production 1,500 1,845 2,769 Film distribution 2,225 2,128 1,444 Other 790 911 938 Corporate and other non-segment specific assets 11,052 7,963 4,716 Total $ 57,437 $ 66,807 $ 46,485 Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Asset impairments and write-downs, net of recoveries Network business IMAX DMR $ 15 $ - $ - Joint revenue sharing arrangements - contingent rent 1,193 944 266 Theater business IMAX systems 250 2,930 916 Theater system maintenance - - 1,002 New business (2) 7,399 16,400 - Other Film post-production - - 223 Film distribution - 5,865 3,020 Corporate and other non-segment specific assets 2,913 3,429 513 Total $ 11,770 $ 29,568 $ 5,940 Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Purchase of property, plant and equipment Network business IMAX DMR $ 55 $ 518 $ 1,121 Joint revenue sharing arrangements - contingent rent 34,810 42,634 42,910 Theater business IMAX systems 2,813 4,537 3,170 Theater system maintenance 527 206 481 New business 342 4,487 5,070 Other Film post-production 1,067 810 1,746 Film distribution - - 21 Other 193 367 804 Corporate and other non-segment specific assets 8,371 13,218 2,865 Total $ 48,178 $ 66,777 $ 58,188 Years Ended December 31 2018 2017 Assets Network business IMAX DMR $ 38,117 $ 42,067 Joint revenue sharing arrangements - contingent rent 223,799 216,285 IMAX systems - contingent rent - 457 Theater business IMAX systems 266,290 224,424 Joint revenue sharing arrangements - fixed fees 18,044 7,997 Theater system maintenance 26,225 27,256 Other theater 2,197 1,564 New business 1,677 27,450 Other Film post-production 36,998 34,480 Film distribution 15,601 9,444 Other 26,519 7,597 Corporate and other non-segment specific assets 218,133 267,591 Total $ 873,600 $ 866,612 ______________ (1) The Companys largest customer represents 17.1 % of total revenues as at December 31, 2018 ( 2017  13.2 %; 2016  13.5 %). (2) The performance of the new business segment for the year ended December 31, 2017, was mostly driven by the investment in, and the theatrical premiere of the television series  Marvels Inhumans . Episodic revenue, cost of revenue and negative gross margin recognized for the year ended December 31, 2017, were $ 20.4 million, $ 33.4 million and $ 13.0 million, respectively. The loss recognized in 2017 includes an $11.7 million impairment and amortization of $13.3 million. (3) In 2018 , the Company recorded a charge of $ 0.3 million ( 2017  $ 0.5 million; 2016  $ 0.5 million, respectively) in costs and expenses applicable to revenues, primarily for its film-based projector inventories. Specifically, IMAX systems includes an inventory charge of $ 0.3 million ( 2017  $ 0.5 million; 2016  $ 0.2 million). Theater system maintenance includes inventory write-downs of $ nil ( 2017  $ nil ; 2016 $ 0.2 million). (4) IMAX DMR segment margins include marketing costs of $ 16.5 million, $ 15.4 million and $ 17.5 million in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Joint revenue sharing arrangements segment margins include advertising, marketing, and commission costs of $ 3.6 million, $ 4.5 million and $ 4.1 million in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. IMAX systems segment margins include marketing and commission costs of $ 2.9 million, $ 3.5 million and $ 3.0 million in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Film distribution segment margins includes marketing expense of $ 2.2 million, recovery of $ 0.7 million and expense of $ 2.2 million in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. (5) Goodwill is allocated on a relative fair market value basis to the IMAX systems segment, theater system maintenance segment and joint revenue sharing segment. There has been no change in the allocation of goodwill from the prior year. Geographic Information Revenue by geographic area is based on the location of the customer. Revenue related to IMAX DMR is presented based upon the geographic location of the theaters that exhibit the re-mastered films. IMAX DMR revenue is generated through contractual relationships with studios and other third parties and these may not be in the same geographical location as the theater. Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Revenue United States $ 118,495 $ 135,153 $ 129,844 Greater China 117,520 126,474 118,532 Canada 10,507 12,812 12,822 Western Europe 40,497 32,765 36,286 Asia (excluding Greater China) 46,858 35,896 35,283 Russia &amp; the CIS 10,133 11,054 14,908 Latin America 12,952 10,963 12,191 Rest of the World 17,439 15,650 17,468 Total $ 374,401 $ 380,767 $ 377,334 No single country in the Rest of the World, Western Europe, Latin America and Asia (excluding Greater China) classifications comprise more than 10% of total revenue. As at December 31 2018 2017 Property, plant and equipment United States $ 97,843 $ 105,594 Greater China 93,494 84,619 Canada 48,275 51,862 Western Europe 26,566 19,480 Asia (excluding Greater China) 8,084 8,793 Rest of the World 6,396 6,433 Total $ 280,658 $ 276,781