Commitments and Contingencies Operating Leases The Company has an existing seven -year non-cancelable operating lease for an office building space in Santa Clara, California which commenced in April 2018. Also, the Company has non-cancelable operating leases for its office building space in Gallarate, Italy and Mannheim, Germany which both expire in November 2024. Further, the Company also leases vehicles under operating lease arrangements for certain of its sales personnel in Europe which expire various times in 2019 to 2022. Rent expense is recorded over the lease terms on a straight-line basis. Rent expense charged to operations under operating leases was $0.3 million and $0.3 million for three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, and $0.9 million and $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. The table below summarizes aggregate future minimum lease payments under all leases as of September 30, 2019 : Year ending December 31, (in thousands) 2019 (remaining three months) $ 295 2020 1,071 2021 958 2022 884 2023 831 Thereafter 1,178 $ 5,217 Purchase Commitments and Obligations The Company has certain purchase commitments related to inventory used in normal course of business. These commitments amounted to $0.3 million and $0.2 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. The amounts paid under these arrangements may be less in the event that the arrangement is renegotiated or canceled. Contingencies From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. The Company records a liability in the consolidated financial statements when a loss is known or considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a known or probable loss is a range, and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other, the minimum amount of the range is accrued. If a loss is reasonably possible but not known or probable, and can be reasonably estimated, the estimated loss or range of loss is disclosed. In most cases, significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of a loss to be recorded. Legal Proceedings On February 6, 2019, a putative class action captioned Eric B. Fromer Chiropractic, Inc. v. SI-BONE, Inc. (Civil Action No. 5:19-cv-633-SVK), was filed in the United States District Court, Northern District of California. The complaint alleges violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (the TCPA) on behalf of an individual and putative classes of persons alleged to be similarly situated. The complaint alleges that the Company sent invitations to an educational dinner event to health care providers by way of facsimile transmission. The TCPA prohibits using a fax machine to send unsolicited advertisements not including proper opt-out instructions or to send unsolicited advertisements to persons with whom the sender did not have an established business relationship. On August 5, 2019, the District Court denied the Companys motion to dismiss the case. The Company believes that it has meritorious defenses and intends to continue to defend itself in the action. Litigation of this kind is often resolved through mediation and settlement. If this lawsuit is resolved through a negotiated settlement, the Company believes that a loss associated with resolution of the pending claim is probable. The Company has accrued litigation expense of $2.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 within general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The accrual reflects the estimable and probable costs that the Company may incur concerning the mediation activities and settlement negotiations between the Company and the named plaintiff. The Company continues to evaluate its defenses based on its internal review and investigation, new information and future circumstances. Final disposition of the lawsuit, whether through settlement or through trial, may result in a loss in excess of the aggregate recorded amount. However, a range of reasonably possible excess losses is not estimable at this time. Indemnification The Company enters into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless, and agrees to reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, in connection with any trade secret, copyright, patent or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third-party with respect to the Companys technology. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but have not yet been made. The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual. The Company has not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. No liability associated with such indemnifications has been recorded to date.