17. SEGMENT INFORMATION The Company designs, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of products, including discrete and standard commodity components, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), full custom devices and semi-custom devices and application-specific standard products (ASSPs) for analog, digital, and mixed-signal applications. In addition, the Company further participates in the manufacturing value chain of Smartcard products, which includes the production and sale of both silicon chips and Smartcards. The Companys reportable segments are as follows:  Automotive and Discrete Group (ADG) , comprised of dedicated automotive ICs (both digital and analog), and discrete and power transistor products for all market segments .  Analog, MEMS and Sensors Group (AMS) , comprised of low-power high-end analog ICs (both custom and general purpose) for all markets, smart power products for Industrial, Computer and Consumer markets, Touch Screen Controllers, Low Power Connectivity solutions (both wireline and wireless) for IoT, power conversion products, metering solutions for Smart Grid and all MEMS products for sensors or actuators, subsystems, as well as the Imaging Products division (including the sensors and modules utilizing the Companys Time-of-Flight technology).  Microcontrollers and Digital ICs Group (MDG) , comprised of general purpose and secure microcontrollers, EEPROM memories, Digital ASICs, Aerospace &amp; Defense products including components for microwave and millimeter wave. Commencing in the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company transferred the Imaging Product Division, previously reported in Others, into the Analog and MEMS Group (AMG) to create the new organization Analog, MEMS and Sensors Group (AMS). Additionally, effective January 1, 2018, the Subsystems business unit was transferred from Others to AMS. Prior periods have been restated accordingly. For the computation of the segments internal financial measurements, the Company uses certain internal rules of allocation for the costs not directly chargeable to the segments, including cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses and a part of research and development expenses. In compliance with the Companys internal policies, certain costs are not allocated to the segments, but reported in Others. Those include impairment, restructuring charges and other related closure costs, management reorganization expenses, unused capacity charges, phase-out and start-up costs of certain manufacturing facilities, certain one-time corporate items, strategic and special research and development programs or other corporate-sponsored initiatives, including certain corporate-level operating expenses, patent claims and litigations and certain other miscellaneous charges. In addition, depreciation and amortization expense is part of the manufacturing costs allocated to the segments and is neither identified as part of the inventory variation nor as part of the unused capacity charges; therefore, it cannot be isolated in the costs of goods sold. Finally, R&amp;D grants are allocated to the Companys segments proportionally to the incurred R&amp;D expenses on the sponsored projects. Wafer costs are allocated to the segments based on actual cost. From time to time, with respect to specific technologies, wafer costs are allocated to segments based on market price. The following tables present the Companys consolidated net revenues and consolidated operating income by reportable segment. Net revenues by reportable segment: December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Automotive and Discrete Group (ADG) 3,556 3,059 2,813 Analog, MEMS and Sensors Group (AMS) 3,154 2,630 1,866 Microcontrollers and Digital ICs Group (MDG) 2,940 2,646 2,285 Total net revenues of product segments 9,650 8,335 6,964 Others 14 12 9 Total consolidated net revenues 9,664 8,347 6,973 Operating income by reportable segment: December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Automotive and Discrete Group (ADG) 431 291 214 Analog, MEMS and Sensors Group (AMS) 488 364 48 Microcontrollers and Digital ICs Group (MDG) 547 405 112 Total operating income of product segments 1,466 1,060 374 Others (1)(2) (66 ) (55 ) (147 ) Total consolidated operating income (3) 1,400 1,005 227 (3) Operating results of Others include items such as unused capacity charges, impairment &amp; restructuring charges and other related closure costs, management reorganization expenses, phase out and start-up costs, and other unallocated expenses such as: strategic or special research and development programs, certain corporate-level operating expenses, patent claims and litigations, and other costs that are not allocated to product groups, as well as assembly services and other revenue. (4) Effective January 1, 2018, the Subsystems business unit was transferred from Others to Analog, MEMS and Sensors Group (AMS). Prior periods have been restated accordingly. (5) Certain amounts in the prior periods have been adjusted to reflect the January 1, 2018 adoption of ASU 2017-07 related to the reclassification of certain pension costs Reconciliation of operating income of segments to the total operating income: December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Total operating income of segments 1,466 1,060 374 Impairment, restructuring charges and other related closure costs (21 ) (45 ) (93 ) Unallocated manufacturing results 1 7 (33 ) Strategic and other research and development programs and other non-allocated provisions (1) (46 ) (17 ) (21 ) Total operating loss Others (66 ) (55 ) (147 ) Total consolidated operating income 1,400 1,005 227 (1) Includes unallocated income and expenses such as certain corporate-level operating expenses and other costs/income that are not allocated to the product segments. The following is a summary of operations by entities located within the indicated geographic areas for 2018, 2017 and 2016. Net revenues represent sales to third parties from the country in which each entity is located. Long-lived assets consist of property, plant and equipment, net (PP&amp;E, net). A significant portion of property, plant and equipment expenditures is attributable to front-end and back-end facilities, located in the different countries in which the Company operates. As such, the Company mainly allocates capital spending resources according to geographic areas rather than along product segment areas. Net revenues December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 The Netherlands 2,917 2,223 1,751 France 127 123 134 Italy 64 60 58 USA 1,132 1,012 990 Singapore 4,873 4,444 3,699 Japan 534 463 323 Other countries 17 22 18 Total 9,664 8,347 6,973 Property, plant and equipment December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 The Netherlands 775 588 France 686 603 Italy 786 719 Other European countries 80 83 USA 6 6 Singapore 494 428 Malaysia 231 200 Other countries 436 467 Total 3,494 3,094