This result could change physics forever

It's similar in nature to how we know other objects are in orbit of star because of the interactions on other objects. We can predict an orbital path but when it is off we know there is more effecting it.
That said our current theory... Is still just that a theory. We have a working model based on what we currently believe we know. Some of which has been proven some of which is still assumed or theory. Because you can predict something with relative certainty doesn't mean you actually know how something is working exactly. This result they got pretty much makes that point. Given my back ground in nuclear and other fields I think even if we applied the entirety of human intellect and computing power over the next century to the understanding of particle physics we would still have plenty left to discover after that time.