COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Indemnifications In the normal course of business, we enter into agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. Exposure under these agreements is unknown because claims may be made against us in the future and we may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations. As of September 28, 2019 , we did not have any material indemnification claims that were probable or reasonably possible. Commitments We lease many of our facilities under operating leases and recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the life of the leases. Future minimum payments under our non-cancellable operating leases at September 28, 2019 are as follows (in thousands): Amount 2020 $ 19,578 2021 14,579 2022 10,405 2023 6,817 2024 4,156 Thereafter through 2032 10,755 Total $ 66,290 Rent expense was $22.9 million , $22.1 million and $16.5 million in fiscal 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively. As of September 28, 2019 , we had total purchase commitments for inventory of approximately $60.9 million and purchase obligations for fixed assets and services of $17.1 million compared to $126.1 million of purchase commitments for inventory and $15.6 million of purchase obligations for fixed assets and services at September 29, 2018 . The inventory decrease was primarily due to lower commitments to support the lower backlog of shipments of large ELA tools used in the flat panel display market and the lower demand in the materials processing market. The fixed assets and services increase was primarily due to the expansion of our manufacturing capacity in Scotland. Contingencies We are subject to legal claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, such as product liability, employment or intellectual property claims, including, but not limited to, the matters described below. On May 14, 2013, IMRA America (Imra) filed a complaint alleging patent infringement against two of our subsidiaries in the Regional Court of Dusseldorf, Germany. Our subsidiaries subsequently filed a separate nullity action with the Federal Patent Court in Munich, Germany, requesting that the court hold that the patent in question was invalid based on prior art. The court found the patent to be invalid, and Imra appealed the decision to the Federal Court of Justice, the highest civil jurisdiction court in Germany. The Federal Court of Justice dismissed the appeal on March 27, 2018, effectively ending the case in favor of Coherent. In addition, as of April 3, 2019, all of the involved courts had finalized the granting of costs and statutory attorneys fees to Coherent of an aggregate amount of approximately $0.1 million . Imra has since paid this amount. Although we do not expect that such legal claims and litigation will ultimately have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, an adverse result in one or more matters could negatively affect our results in the period in which they occur. The United States and many foreign governments impose tariffs and duties on the import and export of certain products we sell. From time to time our customs compliance, product classifications, duty calculations and payments are reviewed or audited by government agencies. Any adverse result in such a review or audit could negatively affect our results in the period in which they occur. We are currently in discussions with the German government regarding an export compliance matter involving one of our German subsidiaries. We believe that this involves less than approximately 1.5 million Euros in transactions over the past three years and do not believe that the final resolution of this matter will be material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, the German government investigation is ongoing and it is possible that substantial payments, fines, penalties or damages could result. Even though we do not currently expect this matter to be material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, circumstances could change as the investigation progresses.