Segment Reporting The Companys operations are principally managed on a products basis and include four operating segments, which are the Pharmaceutical, Animal Health, Healthcare Services and Alliances segments. The Pharmaceutical and Animal Health segments are the only reportable segments. The Animal Health segment met the criteria for separate reporting and became a reportable segment in the first quarter of 2018. The Pharmaceutical segment includes human health pharmaceutical and vaccine products. Human health pharmaceutical products consist of therapeutic and preventive agents, generally sold by prescription, for the treatment of human disorders. The Company sells these human health pharmaceutical products primarily to drug wholesalers and retailers, hospitals, government agencies and managed health care providers such as health maintenance organizations, pharmacy benefit managers and other institutions. Vaccine products consist of preventive pediatric, adolescent and adult vaccines, primarily administered at physician offices. The Company sells these human health vaccines primarily to physicians, wholesalers, physician distributors and government entities. A large component of pediatric and adolescent vaccine sales are made to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccines for Children program, which is funded by the U.S. government. Additionally, the Company sells vaccines to the Federal government for placement into vaccine stockpiles. The Animal Health segment discovers, develops, manufactures and markets animal health products, including vaccines, which the Company sells to veterinarians, distributors and animal producers. The Healthcare Services segment provides services and solutions that focus on engagement, health analytics and clinical services to improve the value of care delivered to patients. Sales of the Companys products were as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 ($ in millions) U.S. Intl Total U.S. Intl Total U.S. Intl Total U.S. Intl Total Pharmaceutical: Oncology Keytruda $ 1,109 $ 780 $ 1,889 $ 604 $ 442 $ 1,047 $ 2,906 $ 2,114 $ 5,020 $ 1,522 $ 990 $ 2,512 Emend 71 52 123 88 49 137 239 157 396 257 156 413 Temodar  46 46  68 68 3 156 159 4 194 198 Alliance revenue - Lynparza 33 15 49  5 5 88 37 125  5 5 Alliance revenue - Lenvima 30 13 43    49 29 78    Vaccines Gardasil/Gardasil 9 740 308 1,048 484 191 675 1,422 894 2,317 1,195 481 1,675 ProQuad/M-M-R II /Varivax 429 96 525 419 100 519 1,097 246 1,343 1,058 215 1,273 Pneumovax 23 160 54 214 174 56 229 394 192 586 392 166 558 RotaTeq 134 57 191 127 52 179 384 156 540 377 148 525 Zostavax (1 ) 56 54 139 94 234 16 147 163 356 191 547 Hospital Acute Care Bridion 96 120 217 63 122 185 272 389 661 162 333 495 Noxafil 89 99 188 78 83 162 257 294 551 220 237 458 Invanz 74 62 137 93 66 159 252 185 437 268 177 445 Cubicin 55 40 95 41 50 91 150 137 287 148 141 290 Cancidas 2 77 79 6 88 94 10 247 257 17 310 327 Primaxin 1 71 72 5 68 73 6 206 212 7 199 206 Immunology Simponi  210 210  219 219  673 673  602 602 Remicade  135 135  214 214  459 459  651 651 Neuroscience Belsomra 23 43 66 27 30 56 76 115 191 72 78 150 Virology Isentress/Isentress HD 123 151 275 143 167 310 383 477 860 422 474 896 Zepatier 18 86 104 228 241 468 8 339 347 683 680 1,363 Cardiovascular Zetia 9 157 165 65 255 320 34 662 696 298 723 1,021 Vytorin  92 92 (6 ) 148 142 11 402 414 114 451 565 Atozet  84 84  59 59  258 258  171 171 Adempas  94 94  70 70  238 238  221 221 Diabetes Januvia 498 429 927 598 414 1,012 1,466 1,291 2,756 1,646 1,153 2,799 Janumet 225 339 563 197 316 513 625 1,067 1,693 640 933 1,572 Womens Health NuvaRing 193 41 234 160 54 214 550 135 686 425 148 573 Implanon/Nexplanon 133 53 186 110 45 155 375 160 535 367 137 503 Diversified Brands Singulair 5 156 161 16 145 161 16 505 521 28 522 550 Cozaar/Hyzaar 4 99 103 9 119 128 18 330 348 15 345 360 Nasonex 7 64 71 (23 ) 65 42 8 266 274 16 250 266 Arcoxia  83 83  80 80  249 249  272 272 Follistim AQ 26 34 60 30 41 72 83 115 198 104 128 232 Fosamax 2 42 45 4 48 53 3 155 159 7 173 180 Dulera 44 6 50 52 7 59 128 21 149 191 19 210 Other pharmaceutical (1) 317 666 980 266 688 952 877 2,150 3,023 876 2,140 3,017 Total Pharmaceutical segment sales 4,649 5,010 9,658 4,197 4,959 9,156 12,206 15,653 27,859 11,887 14,214 26,101 Animal Health: Livestock 153 508 660 137 518 655 383 1,563 1,946 359 1,457 1,816 Companion Animals 153 207 361 153 192 345 541 689 1,230 483 595 1,078 Total Animal Health segment sales 306 715 1,021 290 710 1,000 924 2,252 3,176 842 2,052 2,894 Other segment sales (2) 55  55 100  100 194 1 195 294  294 Total segment sales 5,010 5,725 10,734 4,587 5,669 10,256 13,324 17,906 31,230 13,023 16,266 29,289 Other (3) 20 39 60 7 63 69 101 (35 ) 66 73 327 400 $ 5,030 $ 5,764 $ 10,794 $ 4,594 $ 5,732 $ 10,325 $ 13,425 $ 17,871 $ 31,296 $ 13,096 $ 16,593 $ 29,689 U.S. plus international may not equal total due to rounding. (1) Other pharmaceutical primarily reflects sales of other human health pharmaceutical products, including products within the franchises not listed separately. (2) Represents the non-reportable segments of Healthcare Services and Alliances. (3) Other is primarily comprised of miscellaneous corporate revenues, including revenue hedging activities, as well as third-party manufacturing sales. Other in the first nine months of 2018 and 2017 also includes $81 million and $60 million , respectively, related to the sale of the marketing rights to certain products. Consolidated revenues by geographic area where derived are as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, ($ in millions) 2018 2017 2018 2017 United States $ 5,030 $ 4,594 $ 13,425 $ 13,096 Europe, Middle East and Africa 2,884 2,941 9,218 8,374 Asia Pacific 1,178 1,112 3,766 3,164 Japan 761 775 2,353 2,320 Latin America 622 585 1,748 1,654 Other 319 318 786 1,081 $ 10,794 $ 10,325 $ 31,296 $ 29,689 A reconciliation of segment profits to Income before taxes is as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, ($ in millions) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Segment profits: Pharmaceutical segment $ 6,479 $ 5,906 $ 18,109 $ 16,657 Animal Health segment 409 389 1,273 1,202 Other segments 5 93 94 234 Total segment profits 6,893 6,388 19,476 18,093 Other profits (losses) 55 (78 ) (35 ) 107 Unallocated: Interest income 92 90 257 284 Interest expense (190 ) (189 ) (569 ) (564 ) Equity income from affiliates 85 23 101 16 Depreciation and amortization (324 ) (334 ) (1,006 ) (1,036 ) Research and development (1,855 ) (4,208 ) (6,878 ) (7,399 ) Amortization of purchase accounting adjustments (679 ) (765 ) (2,144 ) (2,322 ) Restructuring costs (171 ) (153 ) (494 ) (470 ) Aggregate charge related to termination of collaboration agreement with Samsung (420 )  (420 )  Other unallocated, net (821 ) (574 ) (2,191 ) (2,067 ) $ 2,665 $ 200 $ 6,097 $ 4,642 Pharmaceutical segment profits are comprised of segment sales less standard costs, as well as marketing and administrative expenses and research and development costs directly incurred by the segment. Animal Health segment profits are comprised of segment sales, less all materials and production costs, as well as marketing and administrative expenses and research and development costs directly incurred by the segment. For internal management reporting presented to the chief operating decision maker, Merck does not allocate the remaining materials and production costs not included in segment profits as described above, research and development expenses incurred in Merck Research Laboratories, the Companys research and development division that focuses on human health-related activities, or general and administrative expenses, nor the cost of financing these activities. Separate divisions maintain responsibility for monitoring and managing these costs, including depreciation related to fixed assets utilized by these divisions and, therefore, they are not included in segment profits. In addition, costs related to restructuring activities, as well as the amortization of purchase accounting adjustments are not allocated to segments. Other profits are primarily comprised of miscellaneous corporate profits, as well as operating profits related to third-party manufacturing sales. Other unallocated, net includes expenses from corporate and manufacturing cost centers, goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges, gains or losses on sales of businesses, expense or income related to changes in the estimated fair value of contingent consideration, and other miscellaneous income or expense items. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted a new accounting standard related to the classification of certain defined benefit plan costs (see Note 1), which resulted in a change to the measurement of segment profits. Net periodic benefit cost (credit) other than service cost is no longer included as a component of segment profits. Prior period amounts have been recast to conform to the new presentation.