How the Edge of Our Galaxy Defies Known Physics

I'm not a fan of describing dark matter as anything more than a label for the discrepancies in our models versus observations. Our understanding of gravity is really quite narrow. Our description of gravity breaks down at the quantum scale, hyper dense regions inside black holes, and across great distances aka dark energy/cosmological constant.
I can't help but think we're unaware of some set of fundamental physics and/or failing to recognize flaws in our current understanding and methodologies and our models reflect that.
Maybe we're failing when it comes to how we're applying computer science to these issues, or maybe our calculus or other mathematical tools aren't adequate or are incomplete, maybe we're not applying those mathematical tools appropriately and we need another Einstein/relativity.