Segment Information We operate under the Itron brand worldwide and manage and report under three operating segments: Device Solutions, Networked Solutions, and Outcomes. We have three GAAP measures of segment performance: revenues, gross profit (gross margin), and operating income (operating margin). Intersegment revenues are minimal. Certain operating expenses are allocated to the operating segments based upon internally established allocation methodologies. Corporate operating expenses, interest income, interest expense, other income (expense), and the income tax provision (benefit) are neither allocated to the segments, nor are they included in the measure of segment performance. In addition, we allocate only certain production assets and intangible assets to our operating segments. We do not manage the performance of the segments on a balance sheet basis. Segment Products Device Solutions  This segment primarily includes hardware products used for measurement, control, or sensing that do not have communications capability embedded for use with our broader Itron systems, i.e., hardware-based products not part of a complete "end-to-end" solution. Examples from the Device Solutions portfolio include: standard endpoints that are shipped without Itron communications, such as our standard gas meters, electricity IEC meters, and water meters, in addition to our heat and allocation products; communicating meters that are not a part of an Itron solution such as Smart Spec meters; and the implementation and installation of non-communicating devices, such as gas regulators. Networked Solutions  This segment primarily includes a combination of communicating devices (smart meters, modules, endpoints, and sensors), network infrastructure, and associated application software designed and sold as a complete solution for acquiring and transporting robust application-specific data. Networked Solutions combines the majority of the assets from the recently acquired SSNI organization with our legacy Itron networking products and software and the implementation and installation of communicating devices into one operating segment. Examples from the Networked Solutions portfolio include: communicating measurement, control, or sensing endpoints such as our Itron and OpenWay Riva meters, Itron traditional ERT technology, Intelis smart gas or water meters, 500G gas communication modules, 500W water communication modules; GenX networking products, network modules and interface cards; and specific network control and management software applications. The IIoT solutions supported by this segment include automated meter reading (AMR), advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), smart grid and distribution automation (DA), and smart street lighting and smart city solutions. Outcomes  This segment primarily includes our value-added, enhanced software and services in which we manage, organize, analyze, and interpret data to improve decision making, maximize operational profitability, drive resource efficiency, and deliver results for consumers, utilities, and smart cities. Outcomes places an emphasis on delivering to Itron customers high-value, turn-key, digital experiences by leveraging the footprint of our Device Solutions and Networked Solutions segments. The revenues from these offerings are primarily recurring in nature and would include any direct management of Device Solutions, Networked Solutions, and other products on behalf of our end customers. Examples from the Outcomes portfolio include: our meter data management and analytics offerings; our managed service solutions including network-as-a-service and platform-as-a-service, forecasting software and services; and any consulting-based engagement. Within the Outcomes segment, we also identify new business models, including performance-based contracting, to drive broader portfolio offerings across utilities and cities. Revenues, gross profit, and operating income associated with our segments were as follows: Year Ended December 31, In thousands 2019 2018 2017 Product revenues Device Solutions $ 847,580 $ 916,809 $ 866,028 Networked Solutions 1,322,382 1,133,919 881,042 Outcomes 50,433 44,730 66,855 Total Company $ 2,220,395 $ 2,095,458 $ 1,813,925 Service revenues Device Solutions $ 11,301 $ 16,556 $ 16,868 Networked Solutions 94,872 90,225 66,342 Outcomes 175,902 173,878 121,062 Total Company $ 282,075 $ 280,659 $ 204,272 Total revenues Device Solutions $ 858,881 $ 933,365 $ 882,896 Networked Solutions 1,417,254 1,224,144 947,384 Outcomes 226,335 218,608 187,917 Total Company $ 2,502,470 $ 2,376,117 $ 2,018,197 Gross profit Device Solutions $ 152,562 $ 187,254 $ 216,631 Networked Solutions 518,749 482,471 412,375 Outcomes 81,008 60,594 47,745 Total Company $ 752,319 $ 730,319 $ 676,751 Operating income Device Solutions $ 97,753 $ 130,988 $ 159,641 Networked Solutions 397,325 360,779 322,367 Outcomes 43,803 16,634 4,915 Corporate unallocated (406,198) (558,093) (332,046) Total Company 132,683 (49,692) 154,877 Total other income (expense) (59,651) (59,459) (20,302) Income (loss) before income taxes $ 73,032 $ (109,151) $ 134,575 During the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized an insurance recovery associated with warranty expenses previously recognized as a result of our 2015 product replacement notification. As a result, gross profit increased $8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. After adjusting for the tax impact, the recovery resulted in an increase of $0.13 and $0.12 for basic and diluted EPS, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2017. For all periods presented, no single customer represents more than 10% of total Company. We currently buy a majority of our integrated circuit board assemblies from three suppliers. Management believes that other suppliers could provide similar products, but a change in suppliers, disputes with our suppliers, or unexpected constraints on the suppliers' production capacity could adversely affect operating results. Revenues by region were as follows: Year Ended December 31, In thousands 2019 2018 2017 United States and Canada $ 1,629,742 $ 1,442,792 $ 1,137,508 Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) 663,851 733,732 672,942 Latin America and Asia Pacific 208,877 199,593 207,747 Total Company $ 2,502,470 $ 2,376,117 $ 2,018,197 Property, plant, and equipment, net, by geographic area were as follows: At December 31, In thousands 2019 2018 United States $ 99,615 $ 93,034 Outside United States 133,613 133,517 Total Company $ 233,228 $ 226,551 Depreciation expense is allocated to the operating segments based upon each segments use of the assets. All amortization expense is included in Corporate unallocated. Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets expense associated with our operating segments was as follows: Year Ended December 31, In thousands 2019 2018 2017 Device Solutions $ 25,542 $ 25,022 $ 25,757 Networked Solutions 13,004 12,671 7,758 Outcomes 5,363 6,572 3,826 Corporate unallocated 70,491 78,232 25,874 Total Company $ 114,400 $ 122,497 $ 63,215