The workshop papers deal with trends in smallholder livestock enterprises, research on smallholder dairy research programmes in subhumid areas, disease control approaches and production systems. Under the above topics the following are discussed: introduction of exotic cattle, animal feeding practices, research-extension linkages, dairy/beef production systems, research on smallholder dairy production, smallholder dairy on-farm research, dual purpose goat research, contribution of cross-bred goats to milk production, dairy goat research and extension control of East Coast fever, tick control methods, new vaccine strategies, economics of trypanosomiasis control, dairy development projects, marketing options for livestock products, group ranch practices and wool and mohair production. The report ends with a paper that discusses constraints to livestock research and development and recommendations