Title:
[Analysis of distribution and drug resistance of pathogens from the wounds of 1 310 thermal burn patients].

Abstract:
{'b': ['Objective:', 'Methods:', 'Results:', 'Conclusions:'], 'i': ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Candida', 'Candida parapsilosis', 'Aflatoxin', 'Candida albicans', 'Candida tropicalis', 'Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Aeromonas hydrophila,', 'Stenotrophomonas maltophilia', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Acinetobacter baumannii', 'Staphylococcus aureus,', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Acinetobacter baumannii', 'Acinetobacter baumannii', 'Acinetobacter baumannii', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Candida albicans', 'Candida albicans', 'Candida albicans', 'Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,', 'Acinetobacter baumannii', 'Candida albicans', 'Candida albicans', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Acinetobacter baumanni'], '#text': "To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens from the wounds of thermal burn patients, so as to provide reliable basis for the rational use of antibiotics and the effective control over nosocomial infection.  Wound samples of 1 310 thermal burn patients admitted into our burn wards from January 2012 to December 2017 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. API bacteria identification panels and automatical bacteria identification equipment were used to identify pathogens. E test was conducted to detect drug resistance of pathogens to vancomycin, tigecycline, and oxacillin. Kirby-Bauer paper disk diffusion method was used to detect drug resistance of pathogens to 31 antibiotics including penicillin G, gentamicin and rifampicin, etc., and drug resistance of fungi to 5 antifungal agents (voriconazole, amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole). The WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the constituent ratios of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi in each year; the distribution of fungi; the distribution of top 10 bacteria with the highest constituent ratios in each year; the constituent ratios of methicillin-resistant  (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive  (MSSA); the drug resistance of top 3 bacteria with the highest constituent ratios to commonly used antibiotics in each year; and the drug resistance of  to commonly used antifungal agents.  (1) Totally 2 183 strains of pathogens were isolated for the first time, including Gram-negative bacteria 1 194 (54.70%) strains, Gram-positive bacteria 879 (40.27%) strains, and fungi 110 (5.04%) strains. From 2012 to 2016, the constituent ratio of Gram-negative bacteria showed a decreasing trend, while that of Gram-positive bacteria showed an increasing trend year by year; and the constituent ratio of fungi was with a significantly increasing trend from 2016 to 2017. (2) Among all the fungi, the constituent ratio of  ranked the first,  ranked the second,  and  both ranked the third. (3) From 2012 to 2017, top 10 bacteria with the highest constituent ratios, from high to low, were  and  respectively. The constituent ratio of  ranked the first in each year. The constituent ratio of  was fluctuating but showed a rising trend comprehensively. The constituent ratio of  went up after decreasing. (4) Among all the  constituent ratio of MRSA was above 65.00%, while that of MSSA was below 31.00% in each year. (5) From 2012 to 2017,  resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, or teicoplanin was not detected; the drug-resistant rates of MRSA to penicillin G, oxacillin, gentamicin, rifampicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin were above or equal to 80.0% in each year; the drug-resistant rates of  to clindamycin and erythrocin showed an obviously increasing trend, the drug-resistant rates of  to moxifloxacin and queenoputin/daputin in 2017 were higher than those in 2016, while the drug-resistant rates of  to the other 14 antibiotics showed no significant change in trend. From 2012 to 2017,  was sensitive to polymyxin B and tigecycline; the drug-resistant rate of  to ceftriaxone was relatively high; the drug-resistant rates of  to levofloxacin, minocycline, and tetracycline were decreasing while those to the other 14 antibiotics went up after decreasing. From 2012 to 2017,  wasn't resistant to polymyxin B, and its drug-resistant rates to the other 14 antibiotics showed decreasing trends. (6) The drug-resistant rates of  to voriconazole, amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole were all zero. The drug-resistant rates of non- to voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole were higher than those of .  Among the pathogens from the wounds of thermal burn patients,  and  had the top 3 constituent ratios; the constituent ratio of non- was obviously higher than that of . The high drug resistance rates of  and  require more attention from clinicians and the local hospital's infection control department."}