15. Business Segments The Company offers general contracting, pre-construction planning and comprehensive project management services, including planning and scheduling of manpower, equipment, materials and subcontractors required for the timely completion of a project in accordance with the terms and specifications contained in a construction contract. The Company also offers self-performed construction services: site work, concrete forming and placement, steel erection, electrical, mechanical, plumbing, and HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning). As described below, the Companys business is conducted through three segments: Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors. These segments are determined based on how the Companys Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (chief operating decision maker) aggregates business units when evaluating performance and allocating resources. The Civil segment specializes in public works construction and the replacement and reconstruction of infrastructure. The contracting services provided by the Civil segment include construction and rehabilitation of highways, bridges, tunnels, mass-transit systems, and water management and wastewater treatment facilities. The Building segment has significant experience providing services for private and public works customers in a number of specialized building markets, including: high-rise residential, hospitality and gaming, transportation, health care, commercial and government offices, sports and entertainment, education, correctional facilities, biotech, pharmaceutical, industrial and technology. The Specialty Contractors segment specializes in electrical, mechanical, plumbing, HVAC, fire protection systems and pneumatically placed concrete for a full range of civil and building construction projects in the industrial, commercial, hospitality and gaming, and mass-transit end markets. This segment provides the Company with unique strengths and capabilities that allow the Company to position itself as a full-service contractor with greater control over scheduled work, project delivery, and cost and risk management. To the extent that a contract is co-managed and co-executed among segments, the Company allocates the share of revenues and costs of the contract to each segment to reflect the shared responsibilities in the management and execution of the project. The following tables set forth certain reportable segment information relating to the Companys operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017: Reportable Segments Specialty Segment Consolidated (in thousands) Civil Building Contractors Total Corporate Total Year ended December 31, 2019 Total revenue $ 2,054,097 $ 1,764,753 $ 929,738 $ 4,748,588 $  $ 4,748,588 Elimination of intersegment revenue ( 274,745 ) ( 22,713 ) ( 298 ) ( 297,756 )  ( 297,756 ) Revenue from external customers $ 1,779,352 $ 1,742,040 $ 929,440 $ 4,450,832 $  $ 4,450,832 Income (loss) from construction operations (a) $ ( 150,837 ) $ 23,655 $ ( 172,637 ) $ ( 299,819 ) $ ( 65,188 ) (b) $ ( 365,007 ) Capital expenditures $ 82,156 $ 518 $ 688 $ 83,362 $ 834 $ 84,196 Depreciation and amortization (c) $ 47,905 $ 1,934 $ 4,136 $ 53,975 $ 11,069 $ 65,044 Year ended December 31, 2018 Total revenue $ 1,810,232 $ 1,866,902 $ 1,006,870 $ 4,684,004 $  $ 4,684,004 Elimination of intersegment revenue ( 224,139 ) ( 5,203 )  ( 229,342 )  ( 229,342 ) Revenue from external customers $ 1,586,093 $ 1,861,699 $ 1,006,870 $ 4,454,662 $  $ 4,454,662 Income (loss) from construction operations (d) $ 168,256 $ 43,939 $ 43,430 $ 255,625 $ ( 63,749 ) (b) $ 191,876 Capital expenditures $ 73,866 $ 1,655 $ 777 $ 76,298 771 77,069 Depreciation and amortization (c) $ 29,685 $ 1,956 $ 4,358 $ 35,999 $ 11,268 $ 47,267 Year ended December 31, 2017 Total revenue $ 1,856,164 $ 1,982,857 $ 1,213,708 $ 5,052,729 $  $ 5,052,729 Elimination of intersegment revenue ( 253,989 ) ( 41,532 )  ( 295,521 )  ( 295,521 ) Revenue from external customers $ 1,602,175 $ 1,941,325 $ 1,213,708 $ 4,757,208 $  $ 4,757,208 Income (loss) from construction operations $ 192,207 $ 34,199 $ 18,938 $ 245,344 $ ( 65,867 ) (b) $ 179,477 Capital expenditures $ 27,694 $ 267 $ 721 $ 28,682 $ 1,598 $ 30,280 Depreciation and amortization (c) $ 33,767 $ 2,021 $ 4,699 $ 40,487 $ 11,443 $ 51,930 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (a) During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $ 379.9 million in income (loss) from construction operations (an after-tax impact of $ 330.5 million, or $ 6.58 per diluted share) resulting from an interim impairment test the Company performed as of June 1, 2019. For further information and breakdown of the goodwill impairment charge by segment, see Note 6. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2019 the Company recorded a charge of $ 166.8 million in income (loss) from construction operations (an after-tax impact of $ 119.4 million, or $ 2.38 per diluted share), which principally impacted the Civil segment, as a result of the adverse jury verdict on the Alaskan Way Viaduct Matter, as discussed in Note 8. Lastly, the Company recognized a one-time gain of $ 37.8 million (an after-tax impact of $ 27.1 million, or $ 0.54 per diluted share) in Civil segment general and administrative expenses related to a remeasurement of its investment in a joint venture (see Note 13). (b) Consists primarily of corporate general and administrative expenses. (c) Depreciation and amortization is included in income (loss) from construction operations. (d) During the year ended December 31 , 2018, the Company recorded a charge of $ 17.8 million in income (loss) from construction operations (an after-tax impact of $ 12.8 million, or $ 0.25 per diluted share), which was primarily non-cash, as a result of the unexpected adverse outcome of an arbitration decision related to a subcontract back charge dispute on a Civil segment project in New York that was completed in 2013. The above were the only changes in estimates considered material to the Companys results of operations during the periods presented herein. Total assets by segment were as follows: As of December 31, (in thousands) 2019 2018 Civil $ 2,791,402 $ 2,574,326 Building 995,298 913,746 Specialty Contractors 635,180 745,313 Corporate and other (a) 63,897 154,367 Total assets $ 4,485,777 $ 4,387,752 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (a) Consists principally of cash, equipment, tax-related assets and insurance-related assets, offset by the elimination of assets related to intersegment revenue. Geo graphic Information Information concerning principal geographic areas is as follows: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2019 2018 2017 Revenue: United States $ 4,073,691 $ 4,180,206 $ 4,613,644 Foreign and U.S. territories 377,141 274,456 143,564 Total revenue $ 4,450,832 $ 4,454,662 $ 4,757,208 As of December 31, (in thousands) 2019 2018 Assets: United States $ 4,271,722 $ 4,225,143 Foreign and U.S. territories 214,055 162,609 Total assets $ 4,485,777 $ 4,387,752 Reconciliation of Segment Information to Consolidated Amounts A reconciliation of segment results to the consolidated income (loss) before income taxes is as follows: Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2019 2018 2017 Income (loss) from construction operations $ ( 365,007 ) $ 191,876 $ 179,477 Other income, net 6,667 4,256 43,882 Interest expense ( 67,494 ) ( 63,519 ) ( 69,384 ) Income (loss) before income taxes $ ( 425,834 ) $ 132,613 $ 153,975