7. Commitments and contingencies Leases -The Company is obligated under various operating lease agreements for office and production space. Certain agreements contain escalation clauses and requirements that the Company pay taxes, insurance and maintenance costs. Company leases that include escalated lease payments are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease period. Lease agreements for production space in most overseas facilities, which expire through 2030, contain provisions pursuant to which the Company may cancel the leases with a minimal notice period, generally subject to forfeiture of the security deposit. Rent expense, principally for office and production space totaled approximately $ 3.0 million, $ 3.3 million and $ 3.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable leases, by year and in the aggregate as of December 31, 2014 (in thousands) are as follows: Years Ending December 31, 2015 $ 156 2016 164 2017 32 2018 - 2019 - Thereafter - Total minimum lease payments $ 352 Litigation - In 2008, the Supreme Court of the Republic of the Philippines refused to review a decision of the Court of Appeals in Manila against a Philippines subsidiary of the Company that is inactive and has no material assets, and purportedly also against Innodata Inc., that orders the reinstatement of certain former employees of the subsidiary to their former positions and also orders the payment of back wages and benefits that aggregate approximately $ 8.0 million. Based on consultation with legal counsel, the Company believes that recovery against the Company is unlikely. The Company is also subject to various legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. While management currently believes that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company s consolidated financial position or overall trends in consolidated results of operations, litigation is subject to inherent