This thesis examines relationships between people&rsquo;s values, attitudes and behaviours with&nbsp;respect to threatened bird conservation in Australia. Three main research questions are&nbsp;addressed regarding: how Australians value threatened birds; who is involved in threatened&nbsp;bird conservation and how they communicate their values; and whether the values held forparticular species of threatened birds affect the success of strategies used to conserve them.The inquiry is situated within the discipline of social psychology, social constructionism&nbsp;theory and the field of human dimensions of wildlife research. It is informed by Kellert and&nbsp;Clark&rsquo;s (1991) wildlife policy framework and Kellert&rsquo;s &lsquo;attitudes towards animals typology&rsquo;. An&nbsp;interpretive, mixed-methods approach examined values held by different sectors of Australiansociety. A new typology of 12 avifaunal attitudes was developed to describe the different ways&nbsp;Australians value birds. Three quantitative online surveys of 3,818 members of the public&nbsp;examined Australian attitudes towards threatened birds. Three qualitative case studies (three&nbsp;matched pairs) of Australian threatened birds investigated the opinions of 74 key informantsabout the influence of stakeholder values, and those of other sectors of society, on threatened&nbsp;bird conservation.Case study and survey participants commonly expressed biophysical, conservation,&nbsp;ecological, experiential, humanistic and moral attitudes towards threatened birds. The surveys&nbsp;revealed strong support for conserving threatened birds; two distinct value orientations&nbsp;towards threatened birds, &lsquo;avicentrism&rsquo; and &lsquo;anthropocentrism&rsquo;, were associated with&nbsp;respondents&rsquo; socio-demographic characteristics. The case studies demonstrated disparity in&nbsp;conservation investment and prioritisation between taxa.&nbsp;This research demonstrates the importance of understanding how social factors influence&nbsp;wildlife policies and processes relating to threatened bird conservation. It highlights&nbsp;consequences associated with privileging scientific values in the conservation process. The&nbsp;findings reveal how the social constructions of threatened birds and the issues affecting theminfluence societal interest and conservation investment. The results provide decision-makers&nbsp;with insights into developing effective frames to convey a broad range of threatened bird values&nbsp;to policy-makers and society