12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES : University of Pennsylvania On May 10, 2010, we entered into a second amendment to the Penn license agreement pursuant to which we acquired exclusive licenses for an additional 27 patent applications related to our proprietary Listeria vaccine technology. As part of this amendment we exercised our option for the rights to seven additional patent dockets, including 23 additional patent applications, at an option exercise fee payable in the form of $35,000 in cash and $70,000 in our common stock (approximately 388,889 shares of our common stock based on a price of $0.18 per share) and agreed to pay historical patent costs incurred by the University of Pennsylvania at a cost of approximately $462,000. As of October 31, 2012, the Company owed the University of Pennsylvania approximately $517,000 under all licensing agreements. Numoda On June 19, 2009 we entered into a Master Agreement and on July 8, 2009 we entered into a Project Agreement with Numoda, a leading clinical trial and logistics management company, to oversee Phase II clinical activity with ADXS11-001 for the treatment of invasive cervical cancer and CIN. Numoda will be responsible globally for integrating oversight and logistical functions with the clinical research organizations, contract laboratories, academic laboratories and statistical groups involved. The scope of this agreement covers over three years and is estimated to cost approximately $12.2 million for both trials. Per the agreement, the Company is permitted to pay a portion of outstanding charges to Numoda in the form of the Company s common stock and during May 2010, the Company issued 3,500,000 shares of its common stock to an affiliate of Numoda in satisfaction of $350,000 in services rendered by Numoda to the Company under the Master Agreement. The Company has recorded deferred expenses on the balance sheet for this amount and amortizes this amount to expense over the life of the agreement. As the Company is billed by Numoda on a monthly basis, these co