(11) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Operating lease commitments The Group has several operating leases, primarily for offices and employee dormitories. Payments under operating leases, including periodic rent escalation and rent holidays, are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Future minimum lease payments under operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of December 31, 2015 are: Minimum lease payments 2016 19,800,434 2017 15,970,491 2018 12,942,353 2019 4,345,105 2020 2,858,602 2021 and thereafter 4,168,794 Total 60,085,779 Rental expenses incurred under operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 were RMB 20,847,571 , RMB 23,876,891 and RMB 28,416,459 , respectively. Purchase commitments The Company entered into series of agreements with hotels to prepurchase hotel room nights and assume inventory risk, pursuant to which the Company commits to make minimum payments for such purchases as follows: Minimum purchase payments 2016 13,403,603 2017 2,318,589 Total 15,722,192 Contingencies In 2013, a Group subsidiary filed a lawsuit against Beijing Qunar Software Technology Co., Ltd. (?Beijing Qunar?), a subsidiary of the travel-search company Qunar Cayman Islands Limited, alleging breach of contract, and seeking total damages of approximately RMB 151 million. Beijing Qunar filed a counterclaim against the Group subsidiary seeking approximately RMB 8.1 million for unpaid commission payments, which had been held back by the Group's subsidiary. The Group recorded the withheld commissions in ?accrued expense and other current liabilities? in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2013 and 2014. On December 26, 2014, the Beijing First Intermediate Court (?the Court?) issued a judgment in favor of eLong Information, ordering Beijing Qunar to resume cooperation with eLong Information and abide by the original contract terms by compensating eLong Information with advertising credit as required by the contract. The Court also ordere