OTHER COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Litigation. We are are involved in claims and litigation, including class actions and regulatory proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of our business. The types of matters may include, among others: competition, product liability, employment, warranty, advertising, contract, personal injury, environmental, intellectual property, and insurance coverage. We believe we have adequate defenses in these matters and that the likelihood that the outcome of these matters would have a material adverse effect on us is remote. However, there is no assurance that we will prevail in these matters, and we could, in the future, incur judgments, enter into settlements of claims or revise our expectations regarding the outcome of these matters, which could materially impact our results of operations. Warranty. Changes in our warranty liability were as follows, in millions: 2017 2016 Balance at January 1 $ 192 $ 152 Accruals for warranties issued during the year 63 66 Accruals related to pre-existing warranties 9 33 Settlements made (in cash or kind) during the year (59 ) (56 ) Other, net (including currency translation)  (3 ) Balance at December 31 $ 205 $ 192 During 2016, a business in the Windows and Other Specialty Products segment recorded $31 million for increases in its estimate of expected future warranty claims relating to previously sold windows and doors. The change in estimate resulted from the adoption of an improved warranty valuation model and the availability of additional information used to support the estimate of costs to service claims and recent warranty claims trends, including a shift to increased cost to repair. Investments. With respect to our investments in private equity funds, we had, at December 31, 2017 , commitments to contribute up to $5 million of additional capital to such funds representing our aggregate capital commitment to such funds less capital contributions made to date. We are contractually obligated to make additional capital contributions to