12. Commitments and Contingencies In February 2018, the Company received a Civil Investigative Demand (CID) from the Texas Attorney General, purporting to investigate possible unspecified violations of the Texas Medicaid Fraud Prevention Act. In March 2018, the Company provided certain documents and information in response to the CID. HMS has not received any further requests for information in connection with this CID. In September 2018, a former employee filed an action in the New York County Supreme Court entitled Christopher Frey v. Health Management Systems, Inc. alleging retaliation under New York law. The complaint seeks recovery of an unspecified amount of monetary damages, including back pay and other compensatory and equitable relief. The Company has moved to dismiss the complaint. On May 2, 2019, the Court held a hearing on the Companys motion to dismiss. The Company continues to believe that this claim is without merit and intends to vigorously defend this matter. From time to time, HMS may be subject to investigations, legal proceedings and other disputes arising in the ordinary course of the Companys business, including but not limited to regulatory audits, billing and contractual disputes, employment-related matters and post-closing disputes related to acquisitions. Due to the Companys contractual relationships, including those with federal and state government entities, HMSs operations, billing and business practices are subject to scrutiny and audit by those entities and other multiple agencies and levels of government, as well as to frequent transitions and changes in the personnel responsible for oversight of the Companys contractual performance. HMS may have contractual disputes with its customers arising from differing interpretations of contractual provisions that define the Companys rights, obligations, scope of work or terms of payment, and with associated claims of liability for inaccurate or improper billing for reimbursement of contract fees, or for sanctions or damages for alleged performance deficiencies. Resolution of such disputes may involve litigation or may require that HMS accept some amount of loss or liability in order to avoid customer abrasion, negative marketplace perceptions and other disadvantageous results that could affect the Companys business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. HMS records accruals for outstanding legal matters when it believes it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates, on a quarterly basis, developments in legal matters that could affect the amount of any accrual and developments that would make a loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. If a loss contingency is not both probable and estimable, HMS does not establish an accrued liability.