13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES TAX ABATEMENT AGREEMENTS Pursuant to agreements with certain municipalities, the Company is required to make payments in lieu of property taxes (PILOT) on certain of its properties and has tax abatement agreements on other properties, as follows: The Harborside Plaza 4-A agreement with the City of Jersey City, as amended, which commenced in 2002, is for a term of 20 years. The annual PILOT is equal to two percent of Total Project Costs, as defined. Total Project Costs are $ 49.5 million. The PILOT totaled $ 264,000 and $ 270,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Harborside Plaza 5 agreement, also with the City of Jersey City, as amended, which commenced in 2002, is for a term of 20 years. The annual PILOT is equal to two percent of Total Project Costs, as defined. Total Project Costs are $ 170.9 million. The PILOT totaled $ 1.1 million and $ 1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Port Imperial South 1/3 Garage development project agreement with the City of Weehawken has a term of five years beginning when the project is substantially complete, which occurred in the fourth quarter of 2015. The agreement provides that real estate taxes be paid at 100 percent on the land value of the project only over the five year period and allows for a phase in of real estate taxes on the building improvement value at zero percent in year one and 95 percent in years two through five. The Port Imperial Hotel development project agreement with the City of Weehawken is for a term of 15 years following substantial completion, which occurred in December 201 8. The annual PILOT is equal to two percent of Total Project Costs, as defined therein. The PILOT totaled $ 0.6 million and $ 0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively The Port Imperial South 11 development project agreement with the City of Weehawken is for a term of 15 years following substantial completion, which occurred in August 2018. The annual PILOT is equal to 10 percent of Gross Revenues, as defined therein. The PILOT totaled $ 0.3 million and $ 0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The 111 River Realty agreement with the City of Hoboken, which commenced on October 1, 2001 expires in April 2022. The PILOT payment equaled $ 1.2 million annually through April 2017 and then increased to $ 1.4 million annually until expiration. The PILOT totaled $ 352,000 and $ 352,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Monaco Towers agreement with the City of Jersey City, which commenced in 2011, is for a term of 10 years. The annual PILOT is equal to 10 percent of gross revenues, as defined. The PILOT totaled $ 0.5 million and $ 0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Marbella II agreement with the City of Jersey City, which commenced in 2016, is for a term of 10 years. The annual PILOT is equal to 10 percent of gross revenues for years 1-4, 12 percent of gross revenues for years 5-8 and 14 percent of gross revenue for years 9-10, as defined therein. The PILOT totaled $ 0.3 million and $ 0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Port Imperial South Parcel 9 development project agreement with the City of Weehawken is for a term of 25 years following substantial completion, which is anticipated to occur in the first quarter 2021. The annual PILOT is equal to 11 percent of gross revenue for years 1-10, 12.5 percent for years 11-18 and 14 percent for years 19-25, as defined therein. The Port Imperial South Park Parcel development project agreement with the Township of Weehawken is for a term of 25 years following substantial completion. The annual PILOT is equal to 10 percent of Gross Revenues, as defined therein. At the conclusion of the above-referenced agreements, it is expected that the properties will be assessed by the municipality and be subject to real estate taxes at the then prevailing rates. LITIGATION The Company is a defendant in litigation arising in the normal course of its business activities. Management does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will have a materially adverse effect upon the Companys financial condition taken as whole. GROUND LEASE AGREEMENTS Future minimum rental payments under the terms of all non-cancelable ground leases under which the Company is the lessee, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, are as follows (dollars in thousands) : As of March 31, 2020 Year Amount April 1 through December 31, 2020 $ 1,312 2021 1,750 2022 1,750 2023 1,756 2024 1,776 2025 through 2098 154,722 Total lease payments 163,066 Less: imputed interest ( 139,298 ) Total $ 23,768 As of December 31, 2019 Year Amount 2020 $ 1,750 2021 1,750 2022 1,750 2023 1,756 2024 1,776 2025 through 2098 154,722 Total lease payments 163,504 Less: imputed interest ( 139,748 ) Total $ 23,756 Ground lease expense incurred by the Company amounted to $ 683,000 and $ 630,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-02 (Topic 842), starting on January 1, 2019, the Company capitalized operating leases, which had a balance of $ 23.8 million at March 31, 2020 for five ground leases. Such amount represents the net present value (NPV) of future payments detailed above. The incremental borrowing rates used to arrive at the NPV ranged from 5.637 percent to 7.618 percent for the remaining ground lease terms ranging from 6.25 years to 82.58 years. These rates were arrived at by adjusting the fixed rates of the Companys mortgage debt with debt having terms approximating the remaining lease term of the Companys ground leases and calculating notional rates for fully-collateralized loans. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS The Company is developing a 313 -unit multi-family project known as Port Imperial South 9 at Port Imperial in Weehawken, New Jersey, which began construction in third quarter 2018. The construction project, which is estimated to cost $ 142.9 million, of which construction costs of $ 77.7 million have been incurred through March 31, 2020, is expected to be ready for occupancy in first quarter 2021 . The Company has funded $ 50.9 million as of March 31, 2020, and the remaining construction costs are expected to be funded from a $ 92 million construction loan. The Company is developing a 198 -unit multi-family project known as the Upton at Short Hills located in Short Hills, New Jersey, which began construction in fourth quarter 2018. The construction project, which is estimated to cost $ 99.4 million, of which $ 55.9 million have been incurred through March 31, 2020, is expected to be ready for occupancy in fourth quarter 2020 . The Company has funded $ 35.4 million of the construction costs, and the remaining construction costs are expected to be funded from a $ 64 million construction loan. The Company is developing a 750 -unit multi-family project at 25 Christopher Columbus in Jersey City, New Jersey, which began construction in first quarter 2019. The construction project, which is estimated to cost $ 469.5 million, of which $ 195.4 million have been incurred through March 31, 2020, is expected to be ready for occupancy in first quarter 2022 . The Company is expected to fund $ 169.5 million of the construction costs, of which the Company has funded $ 138.5 million as of March 31, 2020, and the remaining construction costs are expected to be funded from a $ 300 million construction loan (of which $ 38.4 million was drawn as of March 31, 2020). OTHER Through February 2016, the Company could not dispose of or distribute certain of its properties, which were originally contributed by certain unrelated common unitholders of the Operating Partnership, without the express written consent of such common unitholders, as applicable, except in a manner which did not result in recognition of any built-in-gain (which may result in an income tax liability) or which reimbursed the appropriate specific common unitholders for the tax consequences of the recognition of such built-in-gains (collectively, the Property Lock-Ups). Upon the expiration in February 2016 of the Property Lock-Ups, the Company is generally required to use commercially reasonable efforts to prevent any sale, transfer or other disposition of the subject properties from resulting in the recognition of built-in gain to the specific common unitholders, which include members of the Mack Group (which includes William L. Mack, Chairman of the General Partners Board of Directors; David S. Mack, a former director; and Earle I. Mack, a former director), the Robert Martin Group, and the Cali Group (which includes John R. Cali, a former director). As of March 31, 2020, after the effects of tax-free exchanges on certain of the originally contributed properties, either wholly or partially, over time, 27 of the Companys properties, as well as certain land and development projects, including properties classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2020, with an aggregate carrying value of approximately $ 1.8 billion, are subject to these conditions.