BASIS OF PRESENTATION The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by Inovalon Holdings, Inc. (Inovalon or the Company) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial reporting and as required by Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the unaudited consolidated financial statements may not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for audited financial statements. The year-end December 31, 2019 consolidated balance sheet data included herein was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of the Companys management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of items of a normal and recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Companys financial position as of June 30, 2020 , the results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), and stockholders equity for the three and six -month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and cash flows for the six month period ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 . The results of operations for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities, and related disclosures, as of the date of the financial statements, and the amounts of revenue and expenses reported during the period. Actual results could differ from estimates. The information contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the  2019 Form 10-K). The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Inovalon and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Companys management considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of issuance of these financial statements. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial InstrumentsCredit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments and subsequent clarifying guidance (ASU 2016-13). ASU 2016-13 replaced the incurred loss impairment method with a methodology that reflects the amortized cost basis net of expected credit losses that are calculated based on certain relevant information. The standard also amended the credit loss guidance for available-for-sale debt securities and requires the measurement and recognition of an expected allowance for credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard on January 1, 2020 using the modified-retrospective approach and there was no material impact on the Companys consolidated financial statements and notes disclosures. In determining the estimate for expected credit losses, each quarter the Company evaluates historical loss rates for its trade receivables and unbilled receivables balance using an aging method and loss rate method and applies management judgment to determine the expected collectability of receivables. The Company considers various factors including historical invoice data, historical payment data, and days sales outstanding and considers other events that could impact future collectability. Additionally, the Company considers current economic conditions that could impact clients. While there may be fluctuations in macro-economic trends and regulatory changes, the Company believes historical trends are representative of collectability. Clients represent payer, pharmaceutical, and life science companies, along with provider networks. Due to the short-term nature of the Companys standard payment terms and the low risk profile of clients the risk of loss reflects historical experience. In the circumstance where a receivable is deemed uncollectable, the Company will reduce the allowance for expected credit loss by the same amount of the portion of the receivable being written off. As there is no standard definition for when a receivable is deemed uncollectable, the Company will use judgment to determine when all efforts of collection have been exhausted. If the Company subsequently receives consideration for a receivable that was previously written off, the Company would increase earnings by crediting credit loss expense. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure FrameworkChanges to the Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This update changes the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of ASC 820. The standard consists of removals, modifications, and additions to the existing disclosure requirements. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard on January 1, 2020 and there was no material impact on the Companys notes disclosures. Refer to Note 6 Fair Value Measurements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, IntangiblesGoodwill and Other Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customers Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. This update aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard requires that an entity in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard on January 1, 2020 and there was no material impact on the Companys consolidated financial statements and notes disclosures. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This update removes certain exceptions and provides additional requirements that simplify the accounting for income taxes. This guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption of the standard is permitted. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard on January 1, 2020 and there was no material impact on the Companys consolidated financial statements and notes disclosures. Recently Issued Accounting Standards There have been no developments to recently issued accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Companys consolidated financial statements and note disclosures, from those disclosed in the 2019 Form 10-K, that would be expected to impact the Company except for the following: In March 2020, FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04). ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions to simplify the accounting for contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform that meet certain criteria. The standard is applicable to contract modifications and hedging relationships entered into prior to or existing as of December 31, 2022 and allows for elections to be made at different points in time. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company elected to adopt the guidance in 848-50-25-2 to assert probability of the hedged interest transaction regardless of any expected modification in terms related to reference rate reform and applied the expedient in ASC 848-50-35-17 through 35-18 in assessing hedge effectiveness. The Company plans to adopt the remaining expedients as applicable when contracts are modified and will continue to evaluate the timing of adoption and impact on its consolidated financial statements.