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# Videos
## The Consequences of Lyme Disease on Vision
### Patient Demonstrating Visual Midline Shift Syndrome Shows Correction with the Use of Yoked Prisms
### Demonstration: Yoked Prisms Realigning the Center of Mass of a Patient Who Suffered Physical Injury
### Demonstration of the Impact of Yoked Prism Glasses on a Patient Who Suffered a TBI
### Lyme Disease and Vision
Marisol Thomas
### Vision Problems caused by Trauma (Concussion), Disease and Neuro-postural Imbalance
### Dr. William Padula & Jeremiah Jorgensen : Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation Part 1
### Dr. William Padula & Jeremiah Jorgensen : Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation Part 2
### Dr. William Padula Lectures on Neuro Visual Postural Therapy to Therapists in Halifax
### Vp1Vision As A Process
By William V. Padula, OD, SFNAP, FAAO,  FNORA
Vision is a sensory-motor process beyond the ability to “see.” The visual systems, both focal and ambient, work together to establish control of movement and posture as well as the functional vision skills necessary for organizing the world. This video provides a developmental perspective of vision and the relationship of vision as a process to the issues of motor control. Understanding the visual system is essential for the clinician treating persons with physical dysfunction. (26 Min.)
Purchase this video at 
### Vms1Visual Midline Shift Syndrome
This video discusses visual midline shift syndrome as it relates to individuals who have suffered a CVA or head injury. The specific nature of the syndrome is presented, its impact on rehabilitation and appropriate Neuro-optometric rehabilitation care. Assessment procedures are demonstrated and treatment through the use of prism lenses is presented. (35 Min.)
### Ptvs1Post Trauma Vision Syndrome
By William V. Padula, OD, SFNAP, FAAO, FNORA
Post Trauma Vision Syndrome is a newly identified syndrome affecting persons who have sustained a traumatic brain injury. Research findings that identified the syndrome, characteristics and symptoms, and Neuro-optometric rehabilitation treatment are presented. Appropriate evaluation and treatment for this syndrome are critical to the physical rehabilitation of patients with traumatic brain injury. (45 Min.)
### Don’t Wait, Contact the Padula Institute of Vision!
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# Vision Rehabilitation Research
Dr. Padula has been involved in several studies regarding vision and its relationship to neuro-motor functions, particularly those involving traumatic brain injuries and cerebrovascular accidents. One completed study of Post Trauma Vision Syndrome found changes in visual evoked potentials (brain waves) when treatment was provided using special types of lenses and prisms. In another study, visual characteristics of  were analyzed. A third study, Modifying Postural Adaptation Following a CVA Through Prismatic Shift of Visuo-spatial Egocenter, was recently published and has further investigated Visual Midline Shift Syndrome. With this syndrome, Dr. Padula has found that when there is a paralysis or paresis caused by a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other neurological conditions, the person’s concept of visual midline shifts causing them to lean away from the affected side. Dr. Padula’s research showed that the use of specially designed yoked prisms can move the concept of the visual midline back toward alignment. The use of these prisms significantly improves the potential for rehabilitation, and can be used in conjunction with physical or occupational therapy.
## SUMMARY
In summary, we at the Padula Institute of Vision have dedicated our services to help meet the individual needs of children and adults who are visually impaired, physically disabled, and/or who have a traumatic brain injury. If you have any questions pertaining to our services please . We look forward to meeting you and providing you with vision rehabilitation services to improve your level of visual function and performance.
### List of Research Papers Available
* Modifying Postural Adaptation Following a CVA Through Prismatic Shift of Visuo-spatial egocenter
* Visual evoked potentials (VEP) evaluating treatment for post-trauma vision syndrome (PTVS) in patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBI)
* Post trauma vision syndrome and visual midline shift syndrome
# Glare
***!***Glare is something we have all experienced at some point, especially when driving at night. However, some people are more light sensitive (photophobic) and/or glare sensitive than others. For example, glare is often a problem for older people who drive at night and for those with cataracts and macular degeneration. However, sometimes younger persons who have had refractive surgery or who have certain types of eye conditions will also have increased problems with glare and/or light sensitivity.
Glare can also be a significant problem for those using computers, as well as those who play golf, sail, or fly airplanes. Fortunately, there are many alternatives that may reduce glare such as special anti-reflective coatings for lenses, Polaroid lenses, glare reduction lenses, transition lenses, etc. For persons with macular degeneration, special lenses that block blue light may be helpful. Computer glasses to help you focus on the screen and reduce glare are also available. The doctor will be happy to discuss which options may work best for you,
## Contact Lenses
For those who wear  and are very light sensitive, the doctor may offer the option of custom designed lenses.
If you have problems with glare while driving at night you should also be aware that alcohol relaxes the eye muscles causing, among other things, increased glare sensitivity and increased glare recovery time.
All of us should be aware that ultraviolet radiation can damage the eyes, as well as the skin. Thus non-prescription sunglasses providing the maximum UVA and UVB protection are also available for those not requiring special lenses. Padula Institute of Vision provides a number of resources for many vision related impairments, including glare Sensitivity (Photophobia)from age, concussion, brain injury, stroke and other sources.
 to discuss what resources and treatments are available for your vision related needs.
We provide vision services. Vision services we provide are vision services for contact lens vision services elderly vision services vision therapy vision services low vision vision services diagnostic vision services low vision services photophobia vision services vision services for learning disabilities.
A vision specialist can diagnose vision problems due to accident or illness. A vision specialist works with low vision, vision therapy specialists, and cataracts, glare sensitivity and other vision related impairments.
# Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation
## Services for:
* ****Traumatic Brain Injury****
* **Cerebrovascular Accident**
* **Autism Cerebral Palsy**
* **Multiple Sclerosis**
* **Chronic Fatigue Syndrome**
Traumatic brain injury or a cerebrovascular accident is sudden and devastating. Research performed by Dr. Padula and others has shown that often there are visual problems which occur after a head injury or cerebrovascular accident that can interfere with balance, movement, coordination, attention, concentration, and reading ability. Frequently, persons who have had a traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular accident or other neurological problems will experience double or blurred vision, blind spots, dizziness (vertigo), movement of the floor and/or other stationary objects, and in some cases even hallucinations. Dr. Padula has named this particular type of vision problem that occurs after a traumatic brain injury or cerebrovascular accident (Padula) Post Trauma Vision Syndrome. If untreated, this syndrome can, in many cases, greatly interfere with rehabilitation of cognitive and neuro-motor function.
A **Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation** evaluation provides information for analysis of the profound relationship of the visual process to balance, posture, movement, position sense, cognitive processing and memory. The evaluation includes a careful analysis of how the person uses a portion of the visual system, the ambient visual process, to support balance and posture. After a traumatic brain injury or cerebrovascular accident, instability that occurs in this peripheral vision system causes interference with fixation, tracking, focusing, and eye teaming (use of the two eyes together).
### Physical Disabilities
Whether a person has a physical disability caused by a traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular accident, cerebral palsy, autism, multiple sclerosis or other congenital or acquired neuro-motor problems, visual imbalances and distortions can actually reinforce the particular physical disability. It has been found that frequently a neuro-motor disability will cause a shift in the perceived concept of the child’s or adult’s awareness of their visual midline. The visual midline is produced by the matching of visual information with sensory-motor information to give the person an awareness of the center of their body.
A shift of the visual midline is caused by a dysfunction of the ambient visual process. It has been called The (Padula) Visual Midline Shift Syndrome. This midline shift reinforces postural imbalances causing the person to lean to one side, forward (flexion), or backward (extension) because the concept of visual midline is displaced. Therapeutic use of lenses and prisms can help to stabilize the disrupted peripheral or ambient visual process. Through use of special yoked prisms the visual concept of midline can be reoriented, thereby resulting in improved posture and balance. The use of these therapeutic yoked prisms has also been found to affect the physical state of muscle spasticity. The use of special lenses, yoked prisms and/or other optical aids is not meant to take the place of physical or occupational therapies. Instead, these devices are often recommended to be used in conjunction with these therapies. Through a multi-disciplinary approach of using therapeutic lenses and/or yoked prisms it has been found that the rehabilitation of the physically disabled child or adult can be more complete and efficient, enabling the person to achieve a greater potential in the least amount of time.
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