http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1364738.ece Charles: let’s kill off the cul-de-sac] – The Sunday Times'', February 11, 2007 Related research in the United States by Richard Jackson has shown that people in car-based (cul-de-sac heavy) communities weigh on average 6 pounds more than those in traditional towns (with open grid networks).