Question: Which writer was African-American, Patrick White or Ernest J. Gaines?
Related documents: [0]  [DOC] Patrick Victor Martindale White (28 May 191230 September 1990) was an Australian writer who is widely regarded as one of the most important English-language novelists of the 20th century. From 1935 to 1987, he published twelve novels, three short-story collections and eight plays. [END] 
[1]  [DOC] Ernest James Gaines (born January 15, 1933) is an African-American author whose works have been taught in college classrooms and translated into many languages, including French, Spanish, German, Russian and Chinese. Four of his works have been made into television movies. [END] 
Answer: 
Ernest James Gaines
Ernest James Gaines