text: Some terms you’re (probably) misusing - and why it matters
  In recent years, social media (e.g. TikTok, Instagram) and popular culture have embraced psychological terminology, often using it in ways that deviate from their clinical meanings. This trend has led to the misuse and overuse of terms like “gaslighting,” “traumatised,” “triggered,” and others.
  While it's encouraging to see mental health discussions becoming more mainstream, the improper use of these terms can lead to misunderstandings, trivialisation of serious conditions, and even harm to those genuinely affected by mental health issues.
  Here are some examples…
  Definition: “psychological manipulation of a person usually over an extended period of time that causes the victim to question the validity of their own thoughts.” (www.merriam-webster.com)
  While not originally a clinical term, “gaslighting” has been adopted by psychologists and mental health professionals to describe a specific form of psychological manipulation. The originated from the 1938 stage play Gas Light (and its subsequent film adaptations), where a husband manipulates his wife into believing she's going insane.
  Misuse: “My partner disagreed with me about where we went for dinner last week. They're totally gaslighting me!”
  “My colleague gaslighted me by disagreeing with my perspective on a work matter!”
  Actual meaning: Gaslighting is a form of complex psychological manipulation in which a person or group causes someone to question their own sanity, memories, or perception of reality. It's a serious form of emotional abuse that occurs over an extended period and is intended to gain control over the victim.
  Proper context: “For months, my boss consistently denied giving me instructions that I clearly remembered receiving. When I'd bring up these conversations, she'd insist they never happened and suggest I was imagining things or not paying attention. Over time, I began to question my own recollection of events at work, which I now recognise as gaslighting.”
  Definition: “…an emotional response to a terrible event like an accident, crime, natural disaster, physical or emotional abuse, neglect, experiencing or witnessing violence, death of a loved one, war, and more. Immediately after the event, shock and denial are typical. Longer term reactions include unpredictable emotions, flashbacks, strained relationships, and even physical symptoms like headaches or nausea.” (www.apa.org)
  Misuse: “I'm absolutely traumatised after watching that scary film last night!”
  Actual meaning: Trauma refers to severe emotional or psychological distress resulting from a deeply disturbing or life-threatening event. It can have long-lasting effects on a person's mental health and well-being.
  Proper context: The survivor of the car accident was traumatised, experiencing flashbacks and anxiety for months after the incident.
  Definition: “…something normal that has a strong effect on particular individuals. Such effects included inducing a psychological disorder, activating symptoms, and causing dysfunction or loss of control.” (Riachi, Holma, & Laitila, 2022)
  Misuse: “Seeing a photo of broccoli triggered me. I hate vegetables!”
  Actual meaning: In psychology, being triggered refers to experiencing a strong emotional or physical reaction to a stimulus that reminds one of a past trauma or intensely distressing event.
  Proper context: The war veteran felt triggered by the sound of fireworks, as it reminded him of his experiences in combat.
  4. Narcissist (in the context of a personality disorder)
  Definition: “…a mental condition characterised by an inflated sense of self-importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. It involves grandiose fantasies, feelings of entitlement, exploitative behaviours, and arrogant attitudes, often masking fragile self-esteem.” (summarised from the DSM-5. Source article.)
  Misuse: “My colleague always talks about her achievements. She's such a narcissist!”
  “My ex-partner only cares about himself. I don’t know what I saw in such a narcissistic person.”
  Actual meaning: Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a complex mental health condition characterised by an inflated sense of self-importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, and a lack of empathy for others.
  Proper context: After years of manipulation, grandiose behaviour, and inability to accept criticism, John was diagnosed with Narcissistic Personality Disorder and began therapy.
  Definition: “…describes interactions where boundaries are often blurred, where individuals themselves and/or their behaviours are felt to be difficult, challenging, demanding, often adversarial.” (www.psychologytoday.com)
  Misuse: “My friend cancelled our plans at the last minute. She's so toxic!”
  Actual meaning: In the context of relationships or behaviours, “toxic” refers to persistent patterns that affect our mental, emotional, or physical well-being. It implies a level of severity and persistence beyond mere unpleasantness or disagreement.
  Proper context: Sarah realised her relationship was toxic when her partner consistently belittled her achievements, isolated her from friends and family, and made her feel worthless.
  Definition: “…the presence of a chronic and pervasive disposition to disregard and violate the rights of others. Manifestations include repeated violations of the law, exploitation of others, deceitfulness, impulsivity, aggressiveness, reckless disregard for the safety of self and others, and irresponsibility, accompanied by lack of guilt, remorse, and empathy.” (www.apa.org)
  Misuse: “My friend doesn’t like going to parties. They’re so antisocial.”
  Actual meaning: Antisocial, in clinical terms, refers to Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD), a mental health condition characterised by a persistent disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others. It involves a pattern of manipulation, deceitfulness, and lack of empathy or remorse.
  Proper context: The psychologist noted that the patient's history of repeated criminal behaviour, lack of remorse, and disregard for social norms suggested antisocial personality traits.
  The casual misuse of these psychological terms can have several negative consequences…
  Trivialisation of serious conditions: When terms like “traumatised” or “triggered” are used lightly, it diminishes the experiences of those genuinely suffering from trauma or PTSD.
  Misdiagnosis and self-diagnosis: Overuse of terms like “narcissist” or “antisocial” (particularly on social media) might lead to incorrect self-diagnosis or unfair labelling of others, potentially delaying proper treatment or damaging reputations and relationships.
  Stigmatisation: Misusing these terms can contribute to the stigmatisation of mental health conditions, making it harder for those who need help to seek it.
  Confusion in communication: When psychological terms are used incorrectly, it can lead to misunderstandings in both personal and professional contexts.
  Undermining of professional expertise: Casual use of clinical terms can create a false sense of understanding, potentially leading people to undervalue the expertise of mental health professionals.
  While it's positive that mental health discussions are becoming more open, it's crucial to use psychological terms accurately and responsibly. By doing so, we show respect for those genuinely affected by these conditions, maintain clear communication, and contribute to a more informed and empathetic society.
  If you're unsure about the proper use of a psychological term, it's always best to consult reliable sources or knowledgeable mental health professionals.