text: 1.* The Athletic Department of Leland University is considering
  whether to hold an extensive campaign next year to raise funds for a new athletic field. The response to the campaign depends heavily upon the success of the football team this fall. In the past, the football team has had winning seasons 60 percent of the time. If the football team has a winning season (W) this fall, then many of the alumnae and alumni will contribute and the campaign will raise $3 million. If the team has a losing season (L), few will contribute and the campaign will lose $2 million. If no campaign is undertaken, no costs are incurred. On September 1, just before the football season begins, the Athletic Department needs to make its decision about whether to hold the campaign next year.
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  (a) Develop a decision analysis formulation of this problem by identifying the alternative actions, the states of nature, and the payoff table.
  (b) According to Bayes’ decision rule, should the campaign be undertaken?
  (c) What is EVPI?
  (d) A famous football guru, William Walsh, has offered his services to help evaluate whether the team will have a winning
  season. For $100,000, he will carefully evaluate the team throughout spring practice and then throughout preseason workouts. William then will provide his prediction on September 1 regarding what kind of season, W or L, the team will have. In similar situations in the past when evaluating teams that have winning seasons 50 percent of the time, his predictions have been correct 75 percent of the time. Considering that this team has more of a winning tradition, if William predicts a winning season, what is the posterior probability that the team actually will have a winning season? What is the posterior probability of a losing season? If Williams predicts a losing season instead, what is the posterior probability of a winning season? Of a losing season? Show how these answers are obtained from a probability tree diagram.
  (e) Use the corresponding Excel template to obtain the answers requested in part (d).
  (f ) Draw the decision tree for this entire problem by hand. Analyze this decision tree to determine the optimal policy regarding whether to hire William and whether to undertake the campaign.
  (g) Use TreePlan to construct and solve this decision tree.