Omitted here is Lee Smolin 's model of cosmological natural selection , also known as " fecund universes " , which proposes that universes have " offspring " that are more plentiful if they resemble our universe .


Immanuel Kant argued that 3-dimensional space was a consequence of the inverse square law of universal gravitation .


In 1922 , Hermann Weyl showed that Maxwell 's theory of electromagnetism works only with three dimensions of space and one of time .


Similarly , Stephen Jay Gould , Michael Shermer , and others claim that the stronger versions of the anthropic principle seem to reverse known causes and effects .


Until late 2002 it served Mexico , Central America , South America and all of the Caribbean .


However , this process can be significantly intensified in a proper solvent , e.g. in an ionic liquid .


" Isaac Asimov " ( 1920 – 1992 ) was a science fiction writer .


Cologne is an example of a settlement preserving this etymology .


Since its opening in 1890 , Akihabara Station became a major freight transit point , which allowed a vegetable and fruit market to spring up in the district .


They are composed of lotus ( papyrus ) stems which are drawn together into a bundle decorated with bands : the capital , instead of opening out into the shape of a bellflower , swells out and then narrows again like a flower in bud .


The importance of columns and their reference to palaces and therefore authority is evidenced in their use in heraldic motifs such as the famous lion-gate of Mycenae where two lions stand each side of a column .


Columns , or at least large structural exterior ones , became much less significant in the architecture of the Middle Ages .


During one chinook recorded at Pincher Creek , temperatures soared from in just one hour .


These are largely deciduous , typically aspen , poplar , and willow .


Aspen poplar , balsam poplar ( or in some parts cottonwood ) , and paper birch are the primary large deciduous species .


The south and central prairie was the land of the bison , commonly known as buffalo , its grasses providing pasture and breeding ground for millions of buffalo .


Smaller carnivores of the canine and feline families include coyotes , wolves , fox , lynx , bobcat and mountain lion ( cougar ) .


Rivers and lakes are populated with pike , walleye , whitefish , rainbow , speckled , brown trout , and sturgeon .


Members of LDS Church are mostly concentrated in the extreme south of the province .


The premier is Jason Kenney , sworn in on April " 30 , 2019 .


In 2005 , Premier Ralph Klein made a promise that he would freeze tuition and look into ways of reducing schooling costs .


Extant species can range in size from " Paedocypris " , at , to the massive ocean sunfish , at , and the long-bodied oarfish , at .


Remains have been found in Russia , Sweden , and Estonia .


Female infants born with a 46 , XX genotype but have genitalia affected by congenital adrenal hyperplasia and are treated surgically with vaginoplasty that often reduces the size of the clitoris without its total removal .


His works influenced numerous other players , including Savielly Tartakower , Milan Vidmar , Richard Réti , Akiba Rubinstein , Bent Larsen and Tigran Petrosian , and his influence is still felt today .


International Master John L. Watson has dubbed the line 1 .


The band , with the same lineup as in 2007 - 2010 and Tim Finn as guest , performed four shows between 24 and 27 November 2016 .


The family lived in Harlem and was considered middle-class .


Gray , white and black come together to fight for space on an abstract canvas , in a softer form than the more harsh Franz Kline .


Most of the early efforts in aerodynamics were directed toward achieving heavier-than-air flight , which was first demonstrated by Otto Lilienthal in 1891 .


A newer example of this is from the musical " Matilda " .


A cheese this size would use the equivalent of the daily milk production of 16,000 cows .


He died in 1901 , replaced by his son Habibullah Khan .


A key force behind these reforms was Mahmud Tarzi , an ardent supporter of the education of women .


Taking control of Kandahar city that year , where they established an emirate that gained international recognition from only three countries .


Forests exist in the corridor between Nuristan and Paktika provinces , and tundra in the north-east .


The country 's highest point is Noshaq , at above sea level .


However , two-thirds of the country 's water flows into the neighboring countries of Iran , Pakistan , and Turkmenistan .


On 17 May 2020 , President Ashraf Ghani reached a power-sharing deal with his rival from presidential elections , Abdullah Abdullah , deciding on who would manage the respected key ministries .


It is also one of the world 's top producers of cannabis .


The cities of Herat , Kandahar , Balkh , and Zaranj are also very historic .


The country uses its own space satellite called Afghansat 1 , which provides services to millions of phone , internet , and television subscribers .


These include Air India , Emirates , Gulf Air , Iran Aseman Airlines , Pakistan International Airlines , and Turkish Airlines .


The " karakul " is a hat made from the fur of a specific regional breed of sheep .


The " pakol " is another traditional hat originating from the far east of the country ; it was popularly worn by the guerilla leader Ahmad Shah Massoud .


Some of the famous artists of classical music include Ustad Sarahang and Sarban .


Accompanying these staples are native fruits and vegetables as well as dairy products such as milk , yogurt and whey .


Thursdays are traditionally " poetry night " in the city of Herat when men , women and children gather and recite both ancient and modern poems .


The national team has never competed or qualified for the FIFA World Cup but has recently won an international football trophy in 2013 .


In 2002 , traveler Rory Stewart reported that dogs were still used for wolf hunting in remote areas .


The Giant order was invented by architects in the Renaissance .


In the 1830 s Alexander Jackson Davis admired it enough to make a drawing of it .


Many of the most emotional comments in the book are directed at Rousseau .


The bluestocking Elizabeth Carter was unimpressed with the work .


After the 1654 invention of the vacuum pump by Otto von Guericke , physicists began to experiment with passing high voltage electricity through rarefied air .


In 1838 , Michael Faraday applied a high voltage between two metal electrodes at either end of a glass tube that had been partially evacuated of air , and noticed a strange light arc with its beginning at the cathode ( positive electrode ) and its end at the anode ( negative electrode ) .


The debate was resolved in 1897 when J. J. Thomson measured the mass of cathode rays , showing they were made of particles , but were around 1800 times lighter than the lightest atom , hydrogen .


Therefore , they were not atoms , but a new particle , the first " subatomic " particle to be discovered , which he originally called " " corpuscle " " but was later named " electron " , after particles postulated by George Johnstone Stoney in 1874 .


Ernest Rutherford demonstrated that rays could pass through thin metal foils , behavior expected of a particle .


The breed is selectively bred for its unique features in the cold mountains of Afghanistan .


Its color is always fawn , ivory , or white , with a darker " saddle " , thus it produces an impression of a ( yellowish ) dog whose coat color matches the khaki sandstone and limestone of the Hindu Kush mountain landscape and deserts .


The height at the withers is 3 – 4 " cm higher than at the croup .


Ocular conditions that can occur include medial canthal pocket syndrome ( breed predisposition due to shape of head ) , corneal dystrophy , cataract and generalized progressive retinal atrophy ( GPRA ) .


Its muscles are " dry " , meaning that they are quite flat , unlike the Greyhound and Whippet .


In this respect it is similar in type to the Saluki .


There is a small occurrence of adult-onset idiopathic epilepsy in the breed .


The austerity of the Sahel environment has ensured that only the most fit dogs survive and has accentuated the breed 's ruggedness and independence .


As a planet orbits the Sun , the line between the Sun and the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time .


This had been known since Kepler expounded his second law of planetary motion .


In 1799 , Pierre-Simon Laplace first realized that a fixed plane was associated with rotation - his " invariable plane " .


In 1852 Léon Foucault used a gyroscope in an experiment to display the Earth 's rotation .


Immediately after , Tirana was endorsed officially as the country 's permanent capital .


About 150 Kelmendi people were killed or tortured .


This event was the starting point of many other issues which took place during Enver Hoxha 's dictatorship .


the communists retained a stronghold in the parliament until the victory in the general elections of 1992 led by the Democratic Party .


The crisis led both Aleksandër Meksi and Sali Berisha to resign from office in the wake of the general election .


Between 2013 and 2017 , Edi Rama of the Socialist Party won both the 2013 and 2017 parliamentary elections .


Its shoreline faces the Adriatic Sea to the northwest and the Ionian Sea to the southwest along the Mediterranean Sea .


Snow also falls on the coastal areas in the southwest almost every winter such as in the Ceraunian Mountains , where it can lie even beyond March .


Of particular importance are the mediterranean monk seal , loggerhead sea turtle and green sea turtle that use to nest on the country 's coastal waters and shores .


The trees within the forests are primarily made up of fir , oak , beech and pine .


Law enforcement in the country is primarily the responsibility of the Albanian Police , the main and largest state law enforcement agency .


The tenure of the president depends on the confidence of the parliament and is elected for a five-year term by the parliament by a majority of three-fifths of all its members .


Increasing the military budget was one of the most important conditions for NATO integration .


The smallest county , by population , is Gjirokastër County with over 70,000 people .


Further , the country is a worldwide significant producer of salvia , rosemary and yellow gentian .


The country 's proximity to the Ionian Sea and the Adriatic Sea give the underdeveloped fishing industry great potential .


The Antea Cement plant in Fushë-Krujë is considered as one of the largest industrial greenfield investments in the country .


The airport carried more than 3.3 million passengers in 2019 with connections to many destinations in other countries around Europe , Africa and Asia .


In 2009 , the company Enel announced plans to build an 800 MW coal-fired power plant in the country , to diversify electricity sources .


It aims to triple public spending on research and development to 0.6 % of GDP and augment the share of GDE from foreign sources , including the framework programmes for research of the European Union , to the point where it covers 40 % of research spending , among others .


It decreased particularly in the north and south , while it increased in the center within the cities of Tirana and Durrës .


Almost 30 % of the total population is found in Tirana County followed by Fier County with 11 % and Durrës County with 10 % .


The second largest city in the country by population is Durrës , with a population of 201,110 , followed by Vlorë with a population of 141,513 .


The Shkumbin river is the rough dividing line between the two dialects .


These include the colours red and black , animals such as the golden eagle living across the country , costumes such as the fustanella , plis and opinga which are worn to special events and celebrations , plants such as the olive and red poppy growing as well across the country .


Black tea with a slice of lemon and sugar , milk , or honey is also popular .


Historically , crossbows played a significant role in the warfare of East Asia and Europe .


Arrow-shooting machines ( " katapeltai " ) are briefly mentioned by Aeneas Tacticus in his treatise on siegecraft written around 350 BC .


First proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 soon after the discovery of the electron , but before the discovery of the atomic nucleus , the model tried to explain two properties of atoms then known : that electrons are negatively-charged particles and that atoms have no net electric charge .


The plum pudding model usefully guided his student , Ernest Rutherford , to devise experiments to further explore the composition of atoms .


In 1909 , Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden conducted experiments with thin sheets of gold .


Then he translated the Gospel of Mark , published in 1638 .


Atoms were thought to be the smallest possible division of matter until 1897 when J. J. Thomson discovered the electron through his work on cathode rays .


The term isotope was coined by Margaret Todd as a suitable name for these elements .


That same year , J. J. Thomson conducted an experiment in which he channeled a stream of neon ions through magnetic and electric fields , striking a photographic plate at the other end .


Initially it was thought to be high-energy gamma radiation , since gamma radiation had a similar effect on electrons in metals , but James Chadwick found that the ionization effect was too strong for it to be due to electromagnetic radiation , so long as energy and momentum were conserved in the interaction .


In 1924 , Louis de Broglie proposed that all moving particles - particularly subatomic particles such as electrons - exhibit a degree of wave-like behavior .


Erwin Schrödinger , fascinated by this idea , explored whether or not the movement of an electron in an atom could be better explained as a wave rather than as a particle .


These churches , along with Martin Luther , hold that both conscience and scripture preempt doctrinal councils and generally agree that the conclusions of later councils were unsupported by or contradictory to scripture .


She married Michael Aris in 1972 , with whom she had two children .


Her party boycotted the 2010 elections , resulting in a decisive victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party .


On 26 August 1988 , she addressed half a million people at a mass rally in front of the Shwedagon Pagoda in the capital , calling for a democratic government .


He visited again on 5 July 2011 , to accompany her on a trip to Bagan , her first trip outside Yangon since 2003 .


This will be only the second time that anyone has ever been stripped of the award , after Charles Stewart Parnell lost it in 1890 due to a salacious affair .


She had surgery for a gynecological condition in September 2003 at Asia Royal Hospital during her house arrest .


Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia , it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , Armenia to the west and Iran to the south .


The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became " de facto " independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994 .


However , the ruling party , the New Azerbaijan Party , in power since 1993 , has been accused of authoritarian leadership and deteriorating the country 's human rights record , including increasing restrictions on civil liberties , particularly on press freedom and political repression .


It also maintains good relations with the European Union and could potentially one day apply for membership .


The region of the Lesser Caucasus accounts for most of the country 's gold , silver , iron , copper , titanium , chromium , manganese , cobalt , molybdenum , complex ore and antimony .


Meanwhile , the State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan was established as an extra-budgetary fund to ensure macroeconomic stability , transparency in the management of oil revenue , and safeguarding of resources for future generations .


During winter , the Shahdag Mountain Resort offers skiing with state of the art facilities .


Climatic diversity and fertility of the land are reflected in the national dishes , which are based on fish from the Caspian Sea , local meat ( mainly mutton and beef ) , and an abundance of seasonal vegetables and greens .


Popular traditional dishes include " bozbash " ( lamb soup that exists in several regional varieties with the addition of different vegetables ) , qutab ( fried turnover with a filling of greens or minced meat ) and dushbara ( sort of dumplings of dough filled with ground meat and flavor ) .


Azerbaijani painting is traditionally characterized by a warmth of colour and light , as exemplified in the works of Azim Azimzade and Bahruz Kangarli , and a preoccupation with religious figures and cultural motifs .


Folio 7 to 18 recto depicts large cats and other beasts such as wolves , foxes and dogs .


Days begin and end at midnight , and months begin on the day of the new moon .


A 12-month - year using this system has 354 days , which would drift significantly from the tropical year .


The solar year ( ) , the time between winter solstices , is divided into 24 solar terms known as jié qì ( 節氣 ) .


Astrologers knew that the orbital period of Jupiter is about 4,332 days .


On 2 January 1912 , Sun Yat-sen announced changes to the official calendar and era .


An early pioneer of radio astronomy was Grote Reber , an amateur astronomer who constructed the first purpose built radio telescope in the late 1930 s to follow up on the discovery of radio wavelength emissions from space by Karl Jansky .


Traditional printed sources are subtitled by the " epoch " year , which refers to the positions of celestial objects at a given time to the nearest year ( e.g. , J2005 , J2007 ) .


Several organizations , such as the American Association of Variable Star Observers and the British Astronomical Association , exist to help coordinate these contributions .


In 2009 , a similar airport watch group was organized between airport security and local aircraft spotters at Montreal-Pierre Trudeau International Airport .


Aikido was first introduced to the rest of the world in 1951 by Minoru Mochizuki with a visit to France , where he demonstrated aikido techniques to judo students .


The trend was followed by numerous companies and independent developers trying to maximize leads ' potential , including Tom Siebel , who designed the first CRM product Siebel Systems in 1993 .


The first open-source CRM system was developed by SugarCRM in 2004 .


Chipmunks have also been referred to as " striped squirrels " , " timber tigers " , " minibears " , and " ground squirrels " ( although the name " ground squirrel " usually refers to other squirrels , such as those of the genus " Spermophilus " ) .


Their activities harvesting and hoarding tree seeds play a crucial role in seedling establishment .


Later , composers such as Gottfried Michael Koenig and Iannis Xenakis had computers generate the sounds of the composition as well as the score .


Computers have also been used in an attempt to imitate the music of great composers of the past , such as Mozart .


A present exponent of this technique is David Cope .


Plato was the starkest proponent of the realist thesis of universal concepts .


Modern advertising originated with the techniques introduced with tobacco advertising in the 1920 s , most significantly with the campaigns of Edward Bernays , considered the founder of modern , " Madison Avenue " advertising .


The single sponsor model is much less prevalent now , a notable exception being the Hallmark Hall of Fame .


At the turn of the 21st century , some websites , including the search engine Google , changed online advertising by personalizing ads based on web browsing behavior .


The two terms date back to 1954 when Procter & Gamble began paying their advertising agencies differently from other promotional agencies .


By 2007 the value of mobile advertising had reached $ 2 billion and providers such as Admob delivered billions of mobile ads .


Another example of companies using crowdsourcing successfully is the beverage company Jones Soda that encourages consumers to participate in the label design themselves .


The marketing mix was proposed by professor E. Jerome McCarthy in the 1960 s .


Sculptures , cave paintings , rock paintings and petroglyphs from the Upper Paleolithic dating to roughly 40,000 years ago have been found , but the precise meaning of such art is often disputed because so little is known about the cultures that produced them .


Traditionally skill of execution was viewed as a quality inseparable from art and thus necessary for its success ; for Leonardo da Vinci , art , neither more nor less than his other endeavors , was a manifestation of skill .


Rembrandt 's work , now praised for its ephemeral virtues , was most admired by his contemporaries for its virtuosity .


At the turn of the 20th century , the adroit performances of John Singer Sargent were alternately admired and viewed with skepticism for their manual fluency , yet at nearly the same time the artist who would become the era 's most recognized and peripatetic iconoclast , Pablo Picasso , was completing a traditional academic training at which he excelled .


The aesthetic theorist John Ruskin , who championed what he saw as the naturalism of J. " M. " W. Turner , saw art 's role as the communication by artifice of an essential truth that could only be found in nature .


Decisive for the linguistic turn debate in art history and the humanities were the works of yet another tradition , namely the structuralism of Ferdinand de Saussure and the ensuing movement of poststructuralism .


Influential theorists include Judith Butler , Luce Irigaray , Julia Kristeva , Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida .


The power of language , more specifically of certain rhetorical tropes , in art history and historical discourse was explored by Hayden White .


He was Commander of the U.S. Army Forces Command in 1989 .


He had been asked to resign by the president 's chief of staff , Andrew Card .


In 2007 , he joined the board of directors of Steve Case 's new company Revolution Health .


When a fetus dies in utero after viability , or during delivery , it is usually termed " stillborn " .


Other causes include vascular disease ( such as lupus ) , diabetes , other hormonal problems , infection , and abnormalities of the uterus .


" Manual vacuum aspiration " ( MVA ) consists of removing the fetus or embryo , placenta , and membranes by suction using a manual syringe , while " electric vacuum aspiration " ( EVA ) uses an electric pump .


Among these are : tansy , pennyroyal , black cohosh , and the now-extinct silphium .


The degree of force , if severe , can cause serious internal injuries without necessarily succeeding in inducing miscarriage .


This can lead to severe complications , such as incomplete abortion , sepsis , hemorrhage , and damage to internal organs .


Similar reductions in maternal mortality have been observed after other countries have liberalized their abortion laws , such as Romania and Nepal .


The unsafe abortion rate in developing countries is partly attributable to lack of access to modern contraceptives ; according to the Guttmacher Institute , providing access to contraceptives would result in about 14.5 million fewer unsafe abortions and 38,000 fewer deaths from unsafe abortion annually worldwide .


From 1962 to 1965 , an outbreak of German measles left 15,000 babies with severe birth defects .


In 1967 , the American Medical Association publicly supported liberalization of abortion laws .


Exposure to much lower doses during the first trimester , especially 8 to 15 weeks of development , can cause intellectual disability or microcephaly , and exposure at this or subsequent stages can cause reduced intrauterine growth and birth weight .


In cows , abortion may be caused by contagious disease , such as brucellosis or " Campylobacter " , but can often be controlled by vaccination .


Several plants , including broomweed , skunk cabbage , poison hemlock , and tree tobacco , are known to cause fetal deformities and abortion in cattle and in sheep and goats .


These compounds have also been identified in ripening fruits and they give characteristic autumn colours to deciduous plants .


Places where chlorophyll amounts were very low , indicating very low numbers of phytoplankton , are blue .


Chlorophyll is not soluble in water , and it is first mixed with a small quantity of vegetable oil to obtain the desired solution .


Clive Ruggles argues it is misleading to consider archaeoastronomy to be the study of ancient astronomy , as modern astronomy is a scientific discipline , while archaeoastronomy considers symbolically rich cultural interpretations of phenomena in the sky by other cultures .


" Paul Bahn has described archaeoastronomy as an area of cognitive archaeology .


Green ( Old World ) archaeoastronomers rely heavily on statistics and are sometimes accused of missing the cultural context of what is a social practice .


Brown ( New World ) archaeoastronomers in contrast have abundant ethnographic and historical evidence and have been described as ' cavalier ' on matters of measurement and statistical analysis .


One famous site where historical records have been used to interpret sites is Chichen Itza .


There are also shafts known as ' zenith tubes ' which illuminate subterranean rooms when the Sun passes overhead found at places like Monte Albán and Xochicalco .


Nor did the stars rotate around Polaris as they do now .


In the modern period a person born on the same date would have the Sun in Sagittarius due to the precession of the equinoxes .


These were nominally lunar , starting with the New Moon .


In reality the calendar could pause or skip days with confused citizens inscribing dates by both the civic calendar and " ton theoi " , by the moon .


The capital , Cusco , was at the centre of the empire and connected to it by means of ceques , conceptually straight lines radiating out from the centre .


The notion of a quartered cosmos is common across the Andes .


The Forbidden City in Beijing is laid out to follow cosmic order though rather than observing four directions .


Gamma - , delta - , epsilon - , and zeta-carotene ( γ , δ , ε , and ζ-carotene ) also exist .


Oral β-carotene is prescribed to people suffering from erythropoietic protoporphyria .


The other major supplier BASF also uses a chemical process to produce β-carotene .


He is best known for his book series , " The Witcher " .


Since 2008 , he has been an honorary citizen of the city of Łódź .


cAMP is associated with kinases function in several biochemical processes , including the regulation of glycogen , sugar , and lipid metabolism .


Nobel Prize winner of economics Joseph Stiglitz wrote in May 2011 : " Much of today ’s inequality is due to manipulation of the financial system , enabled by changes in the rules that have been bought and paid for by the financial industry itself - one of its best investments ever .


Cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) has been found to be effective treatment for panic disorder , social anxiety disorder , generalized anxiety disorder , and obsessive-compulsive disorder .


CBT has been shown to be effective in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder , and possibly more effective than pharmacological treatments in the long term .


Besides the above uses antipsychotics may be used for obsessive–compulsive disorder , posttraumatic stress disorder , personality disorders , Tourette syndrome , autism and agitation in those with dementia .


Atypical risperidone may be useful for obsessive–compulsive disorder .


The use of low doses of antipsychotics for insomnia , while common , is not recommended as there is little evidence of benefit and concerns regarding adverse effects .


Low dose antipsychotics may also be used in treatment of impulse-behavioural and cognitive-perceptual symptoms of borderline personality disorder .


The situation is similar for those on the autism spectrum .


They have not been found to be useful for the prevention of delirium among those admitted to hospital .


Clozapine is an effective treatment for those who respond poorly to other drugs ( " treatment-resistant " or " refractory " schizophrenia ) , but it has the potentially serious side effect of agranulocytosis ( lowered white blood cell count ) in less than 4 % of people .


No other atypical studied ( risperidone , quetiapine , and ziprasidone ) did better than the typical perphenazine on the measures used , nor did they produce fewer adverse effects than the typical antipsychotic perphenazine , although more patients discontinued perphenazine owing to extrapyramidal effects compared to the atypical agents ( 8 % vs. 2 % to 4 % ) .


In contrast , other researchers point to the significantly higher risk of tardive dyskinesia and other extrapyramidal symptoms with the typicals and for this reason alone recommend first-line treatment with the atypicals , notwithstanding a greater propensity for metabolic adverse effects in the latter .


Antipsychotics may also increase the risk of early death in individuals with dementia .


Certain second-generation antipsychotics are misused or abused for their sedative , tranquilizing , and ( paradoxically ) " hallucinogenic " effects .


The country has been dominated by two parties , the centre-left Liberal Party of Canada and the centre-right Conservative Party of Canada .


The 15th Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau wrote in his " Memoirs " that : However , there are critics who say that such a task is practically impossible .


However , his contemporary Carl von Clausewitz criticized his rigidity and adherence to " geographic " strategy .


Signs and symptoms include fever , malaise , headache , and enlargement of the liver , spleen , and lymph nodes .


In rare cases ( less than 1 – 5 % ) , infected individuals develop severe acute disease , which can cause life-threatening fluid accumulation around the heart , or inflammation of the heart or brain and surrounding tissues .


In the blood culture method , the person 's red blood cells are separated from the plasma and added to a specialized growth medium to encourage multiplication of the parasite .


Some approaches have used inoculation with dead or attenuated parasites or non-pathogenic organisms that share antigens with , such as " Trypanosoma rangeli " or " Phytomonas serpens " .


Serological tests , for example , may remain positive for years after is eliminated from the body , and PCR may give false negative results when parasitemia is low .


The patient , Boyd Rush , died without ever regaining consciousness .


This has been criticised by the ethicists Peter Singer and Helga Kuhse as making claims for chances of success to the patient and family which were " unfounded " and " misleading " .


Early reports stated that he had died of a heart attack , but an autopsy showed his death was caused by a severe asthma attack .


Although London managed external affairs , the colonists funded militia for defense against New France and their indigenous allies .


The accumulating discontent with Royal collections agents and Admiralty justice culminated in the 1773 Boston Tea Party .


As was typical in wars of the era , diseases such as smallpox claimed more lives than battle .


During the Battle of Monmouth in late June 1778 , the temperature exceeded , and heat stroke claimed more lives than actual combat .


Admiral Augustus Keppel similarly opposed a command : " I cannot draw the sword in such a cause " .


He studied at the University of Paris and became a master of arts sometime before 1210 .


Amoxicillin is used in post-exposure inhalation of anthrax to prevent disease progression and for prophylaxis .


It is also used to prevent bacterial endocarditis in high-risk people having dental work done , to prevent " Streptococcus pneumoniae " and other encapsulated bacterial infections in those without spleens , such as people with sickle-cell disease , and for both the prevention and the treatment of anthrax .


Some " E. coli " and most clinical strains of " Staphylococcus aureus " have developed resistance to amoxicillin to varying degrees .


Use of the amoxicillin / clavulanic acid combination for more than one week has caused mild hepatitis in some patients .


The rash is described as maculopapular or morbilliform ( measles-like ; therefore , in medical literature , it is called " amoxicillin-induced morbilliform rash " . ) .


A nonallergic amoxicillin rash may also be an indicator of infectious mononucleosis .


In some countries , such as France , concubinage is the official name given by the law to civil unions .


Concubinage was highly popular before the early 20th century all over East Asia .


Genghis Khan , Ögedei Khan , Jochi , Tolui , and Kublai Khan ( among others ) all had many wives and concubines .


Abu Hanifa and others argued for modesty-like practices for the concubine , recommending that the concubine be established in the home and their chastity be protected and not to misuse them for sale or sharing with friends or kins .


A relationship between Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings is an example of this .


A third class of free people of color developed , especially in New Orleans .


A partial formalization of what would become the modern concept of algorithm began with attempts to solve the " Entscheidungsproblem " ( decision problem ) posed by David Hilbert in 1928 .


The patenting of software is highly controversial , and there are highly criticized patents involving algorithms , especially data compression algorithms , such as Unisys ' LZW patent .


Symbols and rules " : In rapid succession , the mathematics of George Boole ( 1847 , 1854 ) , Gottlob Frege ( 1879 ) , and Giuseppe Peano ( 1888 – 1889 ) reduced arithmetic to a sequence of symbols manipulated by rules .


The resultant considerations led to Kurt Gödel 's paper ( 1931 ) - he specifically cites the paradox of the liar - that completely reduces rules of recursion to numbers .


Oilseed rapa can go from seed-to-seed in about five weeks under a bank of fluorescent lamps .


Some perennials and biennials are grown in gardens as annuals for convenience , particularly if they are not considered cold hardy for the local climate .


Carrot , celery and parsley are true biennials ( divarsiya ) that are usually grown as annual crops for their edible roots , petioles and leaves , respectively .


Tomato , sweet potato and bell pepper are tender perennials usually grown as annuals .


Ornamental perennials commonly grown as annuals are impatiens , mirabilis , wax begonia , snapdragon , " pelargonium " , coleus and petunia .


Some common winter annuals include henbit , deadnettle , chickweed , and winter cress .


In 2008 , it was discovered that the inactivation of only two genes in one species of annual plant leads to the conversion into a perennial plant .


Researchers deactivated the SOC1 and FUL genes in " Arabidopsis thaliana " , which control flowering time .


Margaret Atwood called it one of the " wellsprings " of fantasy literature .


" The Farthest Shore " was written as a third volume after further consideration , and was published in 1972 .


In 2011 , the work was produced as an unabridged recording performed by Robert Inglis .


Additionally , some rinses act as saliva substitutes to neutralize acid and keep the mouth moist in xerostomia ( dry mouth ) .


Gargling is practiced in Japan for perceived prevention of viral infection .


Some manufacturers of mouthwash state that antiseptic and anti-plaque mouth rinse kill the bacterial plaque that causes cavities , gingivitis , and bad breath .


Minor and transient side effects of mouthwashes are very common , such as taste disturbance , tooth staining , sensation of a dry mouth , etc .


Soreness , ulceration and redness may sometimes occur ( e.g. aphthous stomatitis , allergic contact stomatitis ) if the person is allergic or sensitive to mouthwash ingredients such as preservatives , coloring , flavors and fragrances .


Prescription mouthwashes are used prior to and after oral surgery procedures such as tooth extraction or to treat the pain associated with mucositis caused by radiation therapy or chemotherapy .


Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash has less anti-plaque effect than chlorhexidine and may cause staining of teeth , or sometimes an oral burning sensation or ulceration .


Sesame oil , coconut oil and ghee are traditionally used , They have been found effective in reducing halitosis , and are being used in several commercial mouthwashes .


Most people using fluoridated toothpastes do not require fluoride-containing mouth rinses , rather fluoride mouthwashes are sometimes used in individuals who are at high risk of dental decay , due to dental caries ( " cavities " ) or people with xerostomia .


Oral lidocaine is useful for the treatment of mucositis symptoms ( inflammation of mucous membranes ) that is induced by radiation or chemotherapy .


Salt water mouth wash is made by dissolving 0.5 – 1 teaspoon of table salt into a cup of water , Conversely , if heat is applied on the side of the face ( e.g. , hot water bottle ) rather than inside the mouth , it may cause a dental abscess to drain extra-orally , which is later associated with an area of fibrosis on the face ( see cutaneous sinus of dental origin ) .


4.8 % tranexamic acid solution is sometimes used as an antifibrinolytic mouthwash to prevent bleeding during and after oral surgery in persons with coagulopathies ( clotting disorders ) or who are taking anticoagulants ( blood thinners such as warfarin ) .


Jazz guitarist Kurt Rosenwinkel , after citing him as an influence , praises his " incredible sound and imagination " .


This shift from accepted standard practice and the classical idealism of Michelangelo was very controversial at the time .


He moved just south of the city , then to Naples , Malta , and Sicily .


The painting was made for , and is still housed in , the church of Pio Monte della Misericordia in Naples .


This painting he may have sent to his patron , the unscrupulous art-loving Cardinal Scipione Borghese , nephew of the pope , who had the power to grant or withhold pardons .


A poet friend of the artist later gave 18 July as the date of death , and a recent researcher claims to have discovered a death notice showing that the artist died on that day of a fever in Porto Ercole , near Grosseto in Tuscany .


Often , she is shown in the shooting pose , and is accompanied by a hunting dog or stag .


Her darker side is revealed in some vase paintings , where she is shown as the death-bringing goddess whose arrows fell young maidens and women , such as the daughters of Niobe .


He served apprenticeships with the history painters Pierre-Jacques Cazes and Noël-Nicolas Coypel , and in 1724 became a master in the Académie de Saint-Luc .


Van Loo , passing by in 1720 , bought it and later assisted the young painter .


The version at Waddesdon Manor is the most elaborate .


He was a descendant of the king Cuauhtototzin .


He was an uncle of the Emperor Cuauhtémoc and father of Emperors Moctezuma II and Cuitláhuac .


At that point , his empire stretched from the Adriatic Sea to the Beas River .


He eventually turned back at the demand of his homesick troops , dying in Babylon in 323 BC , the city that he planned to establish as his capital , without executing a series of planned campaigns that would have begun with an invasion of Arabia .


He had his cousin , the former Amyntas IV , executed .


He then continued south towards the Peloponnese .


Several natural causes ( diseases ) have been suggested , including malaria and typhoid fever .


Some hypotheses include the existence of significantly lower reproductive fitness in people with less melanin due to lethal skin cancer , lethal kidney disease due to excess vitamin D formation in the skin of people with less melanin , or simply natural selection due to mate preference and sexual selection .


This has led , for example in Zimbabwe , to rapes ( and subsequent HIV infection ) .


These include author Robert A. Heinlein naming a character after him in his 1940 short story " Blowups Happen " , and science fiction writer A. E. van Vogt in his novel " The World of Null-A " , published in 1948 .


Glu Mobile released a mobile phone port of the game with supplementary features as well as the original arcade version .


In 2016 , a previously-undiscovered collection of erotica , " Auletris " , was published for the first time .


Before this , many of its families were assigned to the old order Liliales , a very large order containing almost all monocots with colorful tepals and lacking starch in their endosperm .


Species are used as food and flavourings ( e.g. onion , garlic , leek , asparagus , vanilla ) , as cut flowers ( e.g. freesia , gladiolus , iris , orchids ) , and as garden ornamentals ( e.g. day lilies , lily of the valley , " Agapanthus " ) .


Almost all species have a tight cluster of leaves ( a rosette ) , either at the base of the plant or at the end of a more-or-less woody stem as with " Yucca " .


The type genus , " Asparagus " , from which the name of the order is derived , was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 , with ten species .


" rbc " L gene sequencing and cladistic analysis of monocots had redefined the Liliales in 1995 .


from four morphological orders " sensu " Dahlgren .


Crops include Allium , Asparagus and Vanilla , while ornamentals include irises , hyacinths and orchids .


The Pittosporaceae were placed within the Rosales , and many of the other forms within the family Cornaceae .


The Asterales , by dint of being a super-set of the family Asteraceae , include some species grown for food , including the sunflower ( " Helianthus annuus " ) , lettuce ( " Lactuca sativa " ) and chicory ( " Cichorium " ) .


These terms have historically been applied to any astronomical object orbiting the Sun that did not resolve into a disc in a telescope and was not observed to have characteristics of an active comet such as a tail .


As minor planets in the outer Solar System were discovered that were found to have volatile-rich surfaces similar to comets , these came to be distinguished from the objects found in the main asteroid belt .


The first asteroid to be discovered , Ceres , was originally considered to be a new planet .


The first object , Ceres , was not discovered by a member of the group , but rather by accident in 1801 by Giuseppe Piazzi , director of the observatory of Palermo in Sicily .


Later that year , Carl Friedrich Gauss used these observations to calculate the orbit of this unknown object , which was found to be between the planets Mars and Jupiter .


a phrase variously attributed to E. Suess and E. Weiss .


Currently only the largest object in the asteroid belt , Ceres , at about across , has been placed in the dwarf planet category .


The majority of known asteroids orbit within the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter , generally in relatively low-eccentricity ( i.e. not very elongated ) orbits .


The dwarf planet Ceres is by far the largest asteroid , with a diameter of .


The next largest are 4 Vesta and 2 Pallas , both with diameters of just over .


On some rare occasions , a near-Earth asteroid may briefly become visible without technical aid ; see 99942 Apophis .


Of this , Ceres comprises , about a third of the total .


Adding in the next three most massive objects , Vesta ( 9 % ) , Pallas ( 7 % ) , and Hygiea ( 3 % ) , brings this figure up to half , whereas the three most-massive asteroids after that , 511 Davida ( 1.2 % ) , 704 Interamnia ( 1.0 % ) , and 52 Europa ( 0.9 % ) , constitute only another 3 % .


The fourth largest asteroid , Hygiea , appears nearly spherical although it may have an undifferentiated interior , like the majority of asteroids .


The supply was undermined by an unprecedented epidemic of glanders , a fatal disease that baffled veterinarians .


Much of it was signed by Treasurer Edward C. Elmore .


They were therefore to be found within the imperial services as vital military and administrative retainers from Egypt to Algeria and the rest of the Maghreb .


Many mosques and tekkes were constructed throughout those urban centers and cities such as Berat , Gjirokastër , Korçë and Shkodër started to flourish .


Their migration stemmed from decades of severe social and political oppression and isolation from the outside world under the communist regime led by Enver Hoxha .


It is one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy , and remains one of the 88 modern constellations .


It was strongly associated with Mars , both the planet and the god .


Delta and Zeta Arietis were a part of the constellation " Tianyin " ( 天陰 ) , thought to represent the Emperor 's hunting partner .


ε Arietis is a binary star with two white components .


λ Arietis is a wide double star with a white-hued primary and a yellow-hued secondary .


The two components are separated by 36 arcseconds at an angle of 50 ° ; the two stars are located 0.5 ° east of 7 Arietis .


π Arietis is a close binary star with a blue-white primary and a white secondary .


ζ Arietis is a star of magnitude 4.89 , 263 light-years away .


14 Arietis is a star of magnitude 4.98 , 288 light-years away .


35 Arietis is a dim star of magnitude 4.55 , 343 light-years away .


53 Arietis is a runaway star of magnitude 6.09 , 815 light-years away .


Its parent body may be the asteroid Icarus .


HD 20367 is a G0 type star , approximately the size of the Sun , with one orbiting planet .


Cranberries are low , creeping shrubs or vines up to long and in height ; they have slender , wiry stems that are not thickly woody and have small evergreen leaves .


Most cranberries are processed into products such as juice , sauce , jam , and sweetened dried cranberries , with the remainder sold fresh to consumers .


As fresh cranberries are hard , sour , and bitter , about 95 % of cranberries are processed and used to make cranberry juice and sauce .


Usually cranberries as fruit are cooked into a compote or jelly , known as cranberry sauce .


In baking it is often combined with orange or orange zest .


There are several alcoholic cocktails , including the Cosmopolitan , that include cranberry juice .


The European Food Safety Authority reviewed the evidence for one brand of cranberry extract and concluded a cause and effect relationship had not been established between cranberry consumption and reduced risk of UTIs .


New products such as cranberry / apple juice blends were introduced , followed by other juice blends .


It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy , and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations .


At apparent magnitude 2.9 , Beta Aquarii is the brightest star in the constellation .


The water bearer 's head is represented by 5th magnitude 25 Aquarii while his left shoulder is Beta Aquarii ; his right shoulder and forearm are represented by Alpha and Gamma Aquarii respectively .


Her family moved to Sewickley when she was ten .


Michael Gaismair had tried to bring religious , political , and economical reform through a violent peasant uprising , but the movement was squashed .


Another visit through the area in 1529 reinforced these ideas , but he was captured and burned at the stake in Klausen on September 6 , 1529 .


A characteristic visual style emerged in the 1960 s with the works of animator Osamu Tezuka and spread in the second half of the 20th century , developing a wide domestic audience .


Artists like Noburō Ōfuji pioneered the earliest anime works , which were experimental and consisted of images drawn on blackboards , stop motion animation of paper cutouts , and silhouette animation .


Fuji Film , a major cel production company , announced it would stop cel production , producing an industry panic to procure cel imports and hastening the switch to digital processes .


For example , the works of Hayao Miyazaki are known for having realistically proportioned eyes , as well as realistic hair colors on their characters .


There is also a labor union for workers in the industry , the Japanese Animation Creators Association .


Others , such as AnimEigo , achieved limited success .


There were also the American Anime Awards , which were designed to recognize excellence in anime titles nominated by the industry , and were held only once in 2006 .


The archipelago is the northern terminus of the Inside Passage , a protected waterway of convoluted passages between islands and fjords , beginning in Puget Sound in Washington state .


It is the sixth largest national park in the United States .


The largest city in the interior is Fairbanks , Alaska 's second-largest city , in the Tanana Valley .


This rotary steam-powered flour mill by Matthew Boulton and James Watt could produce 6,000 bushels of flour per week .


In the 19th century , the city also exported substantial amounts of goat and cat skins , gum , wax , honey , berries , and madder root .


It was subsequently restored by architect Mimar Sinan in the 16th century , with Kütahya tiles being added in the 18th century .


The mosque was built in honor of Hacı Bayram-ı Veli , whose tomb is next to the mosque , two years before his death ( 1427 – 28 ) .


However , a great many blue and odd-eyed white cats have normal hearing , and even deaf cats lead a very normal life if kept indoors .


This breed was first mentioned in the time of Moses , roughly in 1500 " BC .


With the advent of the dreadnought battleship before World War I , the armored cruiser evolved into a vessel of similar scale known as the battlecruiser .


The very large battlecruisers of the World War I era that succeeded armored cruisers were now classified , along with dreadnought battleships , as capital ships .


The Imperial Japanese Navy began this new race with the , launched in 1934 .


This was the most lopsided outcome of the surface actions in the Solomon Islands .


Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Arleigh Burke is credited with speeding the development of these systems .


In men , those with a chlamydial infection show symptoms of infectious inflammation of the urethra in about 50 % of cases .


Chlamydia may also cause reactive arthritis - the triad of arthritis , conjunctivitis and urethral inflammation - especially in young men .


Chlamydia can affect infants by causing spontaneous abortion ; premature birth ; conjunctivitis , which may lead to blindness ; and pneumonia .


An option for treating sexual partners of those with chlamydia or gonorrhea includes patient-delivered partner therapy ( PDT or PDPT ) , which is the practice of treating the sex partners of index cases by providing prescriptions or medications to the patient to take to his / her partner without the health care provider first examining the partner .


Symptoms of infection of the male genitalia ( balanitis thrush ) include red skin around the head of the penis , swelling , irritation , itchiness and soreness of the head of the penis , thick , lumpy discharge under the foreskin , unpleasant odour , difficulty retracting the foreskin ( phimosis ) , and pain when passing urine or during sex .


While it is not yet clear , this alteration may be the source of symptoms generally described as the irritable bowel syndrome , and other gastrointestinal diseases .


Diabetes mellitus and the use of antibiotics are also linked to increased rates of yeast infections .


Symptoms of vaginal candidiasis are also present in the more common bacterial vaginosis ; aerobic vaginitis is distinct and should be excluded in the differential diagnosis .


The musical includes the popular song " Send In the Clowns " .


It was adapted for film in 1977 , with Harold Prince directing and Elizabeth Taylor , Len Cariou , Lesley-Anne Down , and Diana Rigg starring .


The setting is Sweden , around the year 1900 .


It was directed by Harold Prince with choreography by Patricia Birch and design by Boris Aronson .


This use of counterpoint maintains coherence even as it extends the notion of a round , familiar in songs such as the traditional " Frère Jacques " , into something more complex .


In 1997 an all-jazz version of the score was recorded by Terry Trotter .


In " MythBusters " , there is an episode in which they compared many firing stances , including having a gun in each hand and found that , compared to the two-handed single-gun stance as a benchmark , only the one-handed shoulder-level stance with a single gun was comparable in terms of accuracy and speed .


Control theory was further advanced by Edward Routh in 1874 , Charles Sturm and in 1895 , Adolf Hurwitz , who all contributed to the establishment of control stability criteria ; and from 1922 onwards , the development of PID control theory by Nicolas Minorsky .


One of the current masters of the genre is Hassan Massoudy .


There is some evidence that ligament laxity may be associated with an increased tendency to cavitate .


The snapping of tendons or scar tissue over a prominence ( as in snapping hip syndrome ) can also generate a loud snapping or popping sound .


The common claim that cracking one 's knuckles causes arthritis is not supported by evidence .


In the meantime , he occupied the position of an infantry brigade commander and received a law degree from Tel Aviv University .


Soon after , he helped found the Likud ( " Unity " ) political party .


In May 2006 , he was transferred to a long-term care facility in Sheba Medical Center .


Lisa M. Diamond states that a person 's romantic orientation can differ from whom the person is sexually attracted to .


" Anoa " , also known as " dwarf buffalo " and " sapiutan " , are a subgenus of " Bubalus " comprising two species endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia : the " mountain anoa " ( " Bubalus quarlesi " ) and the " lowland anoa " ( " Bubalus depressicornis " ) .


Both live in undisturbed rainforest and are similar in appearance to miniature water buffalo , weighing .


In habits , the animal appears to resemble the water buffalo .


Both are found on the island of Sulawesi and the nearby island of Buton in Indonesia .


The axiom of choice was formulated in 1904 by Ernst Zermelo in order to formalize his proof of the well-ordering theorem .


In 1938 , Kurt Gödel showed that the " negation " of the axiom of choice is not a theorem of ZF by constructing an inner model ( the constructible universe ) which satisfies ZFC and thus showing that ZFC is consistent if ZF itself is consistent .


He was the son of a schoolmaster , and a descendant of Thomas Fincke on his mother 's side .


The show marked the stage musical debut of Angela Lansbury .


Other terms include " FAB " ( flavored alcoholic beverage ) , " FMB " ( flavored malt beverage ) , " PPS " ( pre-packaged spirit or premium packaged spirits ) , and " RTD " ( ready-to-drink – Australia and New Zealand ) .


Germany has imposed an extra duty of 0.80 to 0.90 euro per bottle effective August 1 , 2004 .


In June 1997 , Co-op Food became the first major retailer to place an outright ban on the sale of alcopops in its shops .


In chemistry , an " alkali " ( ; from " al-qaly " " ashes of the saltwort " ) is a basic , ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chemical element .


Although many plants do prefer slightly basic soil ( including vegetables like cabbage and fodder like buffalo grass ) , most plants prefer a mildly acidic soil ( with pHs between 6.0 and 6.8 ) , and alkaline soils can cause problems .


This effect had been noticed earlier , notably by Chuck Yeager in the Convair XF-92 , but its qualities had not been fully appreciated .


It is one of the few commercial aircraft to employ a tailless design ( the Tupolev Tu-144 being another ) .


The brakes , developed by Dunlop , were the first carbon-based brakes used on an airliner .


The museum also has a Tupolev Tu-144 on display " – this is the only place where both supersonic airliners can be seen together .


In Russia alone , two emperors , Paul I and his grandson Alexander II , were assassinated within 80 years .


In the United Kingdom , only one Prime Minister has been assassinated - Spencer Perceval on May 11 , 1812 .


A video-record exists of the assassination of Inejiro Asanuma , using a sword .


Huey Long , a Senator , was assassinated on September 10 , 1935 .


The assassinations were linked to separatist movements in Punjab and northern Sri Lanka , respectively .


In Israel , Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated on November 4 , 1995 .


Yigal Amir confessed and was convicted of the crime .


In Pakistan , former prime minister and opposition leader Benazir Bhutto was assassinated in 2007 , while running for re-election .


In the Vietnam War , communist insurgents routinely assassinated government officials and individual civilians deemed to offend or rival the revolutionary movement .


Targeted killing has become a frequent tactic of the United States and Israel in their fight against terrorism .


In 1902 , he moved with his company to Reichenbach im Vogtland .


In October 2010 they agreed to a three sponsorship year-deal with Everton .


During World War II , this shape was widely adopted for tethered balloons ; in windy weather , this both reduces the strain on the tether and stabilizes the balloon .


Later on large cannon were known as bombards , ranging from three to five feet in length and were used by Dubrovnik and Kotor in defence during the later 14th century .


Niccolò Machiavelli wrote , " There is no wall , whatever its thickness that artillery will not destroy in only a few days .


Nathaniel Nye is recorded as testing a Birmingham cannon in 1643 and experimenting with a saker in 1645 .


Cannon were crucial in Napoleon 's rise to power , and continued to play an important role in his army in later years .


During the French Revolution , the unpopularity of the Directory led to riots and rebellions .


Despite the change to indirect fire , cannon proved highly effective during World War I , directly or indirectly causing over 75 % of casualties .


One of the best known examples of such a piece is Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's " 1812 Overture " .


He owned Bofors , which he redirected from its previous role as primarily an iron and steel producer to a major manufacturer of cannon and other armaments .


Drinking enough to cause a blood alcohol concentration ( BAC ) of 0.03 – 0.12 % typically causes an overall improvement in mood and possible euphoria ( a " happy " feeling ) , increased self-confidence and sociability , decreased anxiety , a flushed , red appearance in the face and impaired judgment and fine muscle coordination .


A BAC from 0.25 % to 0.40 % causes stupor , unconsciousness , anterograde amnesia , vomiting ( death may occur due to inhalation of vomit ( pulmonary aspiration ) while unconscious ) and respiratory depression ( potentially life-threatening ) .


Having more than one drink a day for women or two drinks for men increases the risk of heart disease , high blood pressure , atrial fibrillation , and stroke .


Excessive alcohol use causes damage to brain function , and psychological health can be increasingly affected over time .


The social skills that are impaired by alcohol abuse include impairments in perceiving facial emotions , prosody perception problems and theory of mind deficits ; the ability to understand humour is also impaired in alcohol abusers .


The most prevalent psychiatric symptoms are anxiety and depression disorders .


Psychosis , confusion , and organic brain syndrome may be caused by alcohol misuse , which can lead to a misdiagnosis such as schizophrenia .


The co-occurrence of major depressive disorder and alcoholism is well documented .


Men with alcohol-use disorders more often have a co-occurring diagnosis of narcissistic or antisocial personality disorder , bipolar disorder , schizophrenia , impulse disorders or attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) .


This isolation can lead to marital conflict and divorce , or contribute to domestic violence .


With repeated heavy consumption of alcohol , these receptors are desensitized and reduced in number , resulting in tolerance and physical dependence .


Beer alone is the world 's most widely consumed alcoholic beverage ; it is the third-most popular drink overall , after water and tea .


Dependence upon and withdrawal from sedative-hypnotics can be medically severe and , as with alcohol withdrawal , there is a risk of psychosis or seizures if not properly managed .


In the United Kingdom , the number of ' dependent drinkers ' was calculated as over 2.8 " million in 2001 .


In 1920 the effects of alcohol abuse and chronic drunkenness boosted membership of the temperance movement and led to the prohibition of alcohol in the United States , a nationwide constitutional ban on the production , importation , transportation , and sale of alcoholic beverages that remained in place until 1933 ; this policy resulted in the decline of death rates from cirrhosis and alcoholism .


Peyote , a psychoactive agent , has even shown promise in treating alcoholism .


The Xerox Alto was one of the first computers designed for individual use in 1973 and is regarded as the first modern computer to utilize a mouse .


The third marketed version of an integrated mouse shipped as a part of a computer and intended for personal computer navigation came with the Xerox 8010 Star in 1981 .


Different ways of operating the mouse cause specific things to happen in the GUI : created a ball mouse in 1972 while working for Xerox PARC .


It came as part of the hardware package of the Xerox Alto computer .


Key Tronic later produced a similar product .


In 2000 , Logitech introduced a " tactile mouse " that contained a small actuator to make the mouse vibrate .


As the name suggests , this type of mouse is intended to provide optimum comfort and avoid injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome , arthritis and other repetitive strain injuries .


In November 2008 , Logitech built their billionth mouse .


In the early 1990 s , the Super Nintendo Entertainment System video game system featured a mouse in addition to its controllers .


Modern scientists can also use the opposite approach of abstraction , or going from particular facts collected into one general idea , such as the motion of the planets ( Newton ( 1642 – 1727 ) ) .


We might look at other graphs , in a progression from " cat " to " mammal " to " animal " , and see that " animal " is more abstract than " mammal " ; but on the other hand " mammal " is a harder idea to express , certainly in relation to " marsupial " or " monotreme " .


Karl Marx 's writing on the commodity abstraction recognizes a parallel process .


For example , Newton created the concept of the material point by following the abstraction method so that he abstracted from the dimension and shape of any perceptible object , preserving only inertial and translational motion .


In the United States , the Office of Civil Defense was established in May 1941 to coordinate civilian defense efforts .


In Europe , the triangle CD logo continues to be widely used .


The term " civil protection " is currently widely used within the European Union to refer to government-approved systems and resources tasked with protecting the non-combat population , primarily in the event of natural and technological disasters .


One of the most prepared countries for a nuclear attack is Switzerland .


In the 1990 s , this concept was revived by the Los Angeles Fire Department to cope with civil emergencies such as earthquakes .


In a few countries such as Jordan and Singapore ( see Singapore Civil Defence Force ) , civil defense is essentially the same organization as the fire brigade .


His father had also suffered a debilitating illness earlier in life and had been restored to health by a convalescence in Newfoundland .


The property consisted of an orchard , large farmhouse , stable , pigsty , hen-house , and a carriage house , which bordered the Grand River .


While he was working as a private tutor , one of his pupils was Helen Keller , who came to him as a young child unable to see , hear , or speak .


Meanwhile , Elisha Gray was also experimenting with acoustic telegraphy and thought of a way to transmit speech using a water transmitter .


One of the first telephones in a private residence was installed in his palace in Petrópolis , his summer retreat from Rio de Janeiro .


According to some accounts , the metal detector worked flawlessly in tests but did not find Guiteau 's bullet , partly because the metal bed frame on which the President was lying disturbed the instrument , resulting in static .


The experimental boats were essentially proof-of-concept prototypes that culminated in the more substantial HD-4 , powered by Renault engines .


Their final aircraft design , the " Silver Dart " , embodied all of the advancements found in the earlier machines .


The " bel " ( B ) and the smaller " decibel " ( dB ) are units of measurement of sound pressure level ( SPL ) invented by Bell Labs and named after him .


The project was a blow to Yuri Andropov 's so-called " peace offensive " .


The islands are self-governing in " free association " with New Zealand .


Only one other comparable example is known apart from this one in the British Museum .


It makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey .


In 1901 , the islands were included within the boundaries of the Colony of New Zealand .


The remainder of the northern islands were probably settled by expeditions from Samoa .


British navigator Captain James Cook arrived in 1773 and 1777 .


Prime Minister Jim Marurai described the take-over move as " ill-founded and nonsensical " .


1979 " - Sir Albert Henry is found guilty of electoral fraud and stripped of his premiership and his knighthood .


This article is about the demographic features of the population of the Cook Islands , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population .


He was succeeded by his co-partisan Robert Woonton .


As in many other South Pacific nations , the Cook Islands 's economy is hindered by the country 's isolation from foreign markets , lack of natural resources aside from fish , periodic devastation from natural disasters , and inadequate infrastructure .


Trade deficits are made up for by remittances from emigrants and by foreign aid , overwhelmingly from New Zealand .


For international communication , they rely on the satellite earth station Intelsat .


The cable has landing points at Rarotonga and Aitutaki .


This article lists " transport in the Cook Islands " .


The islands were colonised from Tahiti , and in turn colonised New Zealand in ocean-going waka .


There is one international airport , Rarotonga International Airport .


The Orion Electronics was founded in 1913 .


Finally , in March 1920 , royal powers were entrusted to a regent , Miklós Horthy , who had been the last commanding admiral of the Austro-Hungarian Navy and had helped organize the counter-revolutionary forces .


An " amphibian " is an ectothermic , tetrapod vertebrate .


The form was invented by and is named after Edmund Clerihew Bentley .


As a surgical measure , it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb , such as malignancy or gangrene .


A special case is that of congenital amputation , a congenital disorder , where fetal limbs have been cut off by constrictive bands .


The most notable case of this is Aron Ralston , a hiker who amputated his own right forearm after it was pinned by a boulder in a hiking accident and he was unable to free himself for over five days .


For example , the pirates of the Barbary Coast were recognized as " de facto " states because of their military power .


Conversely , states such as Virginia and Massachusetts in the United States of America did not have sovereign status , but had significant political and economic independence coupled with weak federal control , reducing the incentive to secede .


The American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ) was unusual for at least two reasons : it was fought around regional identities as well as political ideologies , and it ended through a war of attrition , rather than with a decisive battle over control of the capital , as was the norm .


However , the rate of new civil wars had not increased appreciably ; the drastic rise in the number of ongoing wars after World War II was a result of the tripling of the average duration of civil wars to over four years .


Similarly , the international community has largely refused to recognize secessionist regions , while keeping some secessionist self-declared states such as Somaliland in diplomatic recognition limbo .


The first known description of an anemometer was given by Leon Battista Alberti in 1450 .


, in January 1977 , and sales of its computers , including the Apple II , grew quickly .


The product , still unfinished at the time of the sale , was renamed " Final Cut Pro " when it was launched on the retail market in April 1999 .


This beat the non-inflation-adjusted record for market capitalization set by Microsoft in 1999 .


In 1977 , Rob Janoff created the iconic rainbow apple symbol that is still recognized today .


Seeing a need for improved retail presentation of the company 's products , he began an effort in 1997 to revamp the retail program to get an improved relationship to consumers , and hired Ron Johnson in 2000 .


Featured was the company 's installation of a 40 MW solar power plant in the Sichuan province of China that was tailor-made to coexist with the indigenous yaks that eat hay produced on the land , by raising the panels to be several feet off of the ground so the yaks and their feed would be unharmed grazing beneath the array .


Older potential avialans have since been identified , including " Anchiornis " , " Xiaotingia " , and " Aurornis " .


Some scientists see it as a semi-arboreal climbing animal , following the idea that birds evolved from tree-dwelling gliders ( the " trees down " hypothesis for the evolution of flight proposed by O. C. Marsh ) .


The latitude was similar to Florida , though the climate was likely to have been drier , as evidenced by fossils of plants with adaptations for arid conditions and a lack of terrestrial sediments characteristic of rivers .


It is the largest specimen known and may belong to a separate genus and species , " Wellnhoferia grandis " .


What was initially believed to be a bony sternum turned out to be part of the coracoid , but more recent studies suggest it belongs to " A. siemensii " .


As interpreted today , the name " A. lithographica " only referred to the single feather described by Meyer .


" ( 2013 ) recovered " Archaeopteryx " as more closely related to dromaeosaurids and troodontids in the analysis included in their description of " Eosinopteryx brevipenna " .


Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating , it is called chocolate liquor .


The liquor may also be cooled and processed into its two components : cocoa solids and cocoa butter .


Powdered baking cocoa , which contains more fiber than cocoa butter , can be processed with alkali to produce dutch cocoa .


White chocolate contains cocoa butter , sugar , and milk , but no cocoa solids .


Many candies are filled with or coated with sweetened chocolate .


Chocolate is also used in cold and hot beverages , such as chocolate milk and hot chocolate , and in some alcoholic drinks , such as creme de cacao .


Besides Nestlé , several notable chocolate companies had their start in the late 19th and early 20th centuries .


Pure , unsweetened chocolate , often called " baking chocolate " , contains primarily cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions .


Much of the chocolate consumed today is in the form of sweet chocolate , which combines chocolate with sugar .


Early forms of another genotype have also been found in what is now Venezuela .


The scientific name , " Theobroma " , means " food of the gods " .


It is 59 % carbohydrates ( 52 % as sugar and 3 % as dietary fiber ) , 30 % fat and 8 % protein ( table ) .


Despite the expanding reach of the chocolate industry internationally , cocoa farmers and labourers in the Ivory Coast are unaware of the uses of the beans .


The high cost of chocolate in the Ivory Coast also means that it is inaccessible to the majority of the population , who are unaware of what it tastes like .


Some non-alcoholic beverages contain chocolate , such as chocolate milk , hot chocolate and chocolate milkshakes .


Some alcoholic liqueurs are flavoured with chocolate , such as chocolate liqueur and creme de cacao .


The caffè mocha is an espresso beverage containing chocolate .


His next project was the stage musical " Anyone Can Whistle " , which he directed and for which he wrote the book , but it proved to be an infamous flop .


The most common cornet is a transposing instrument in B , though there is also a soprano cornet in E and cornets in A and C. All are unrelated to the Renaissance and early Baroque cornett .


Cornets following the 1913 patent of E.A. Couturier can have a continuously conical bore .


Notable performances on cornet by players generally associated with the trumpet include Freddie Hubbard 's on " Empyrean Isles " by Herbie Hancock and Don Cherry 's on " The Shape of Jazz to Come " by Ornette Coleman .


Hector Berlioz was the first significant composer to use them in these ways , and his orchestral works often use pairs of both trumpets and cornets , the latter playing more of the melodic lines .


Tchaikovsky used them effectively this way in his " Capriccio Italien " ( 1880 ) .


From the early 20th century , the cornet and trumpet combination was still favored by some composers , including Edward Elgar and Igor Stravinsky , but tended to be used for occasions when the composer wanted the specific mellower and more agile sound .


, and Microsoft , culminating in his 2003 arrest .


He subsequently declared on the question and answer site Quora that : " We all own our actions in fullness , not just the pleasant aspects of them .


Focusing on the 2003 hacking scene , the film features interviews with Kevin Rose and Steve Wozniak .


Currently , the senior associate justice is Clarence Thomas .


The title was shortened to " Justice " in 1980 , a year before Sandra Day O'Connor became the first female justice .


There are three living retired associate justices at the present time : Sandra Day O'Connor , retired January 31 , 2006 ; David Souter , retired June 29 , 2009 ; and Anthony Kennedy , retired July 31 , 2018 .


Incoming ships were quarantined in Boston Harbor , and any smallpox patients in town were held under guard or in a " pesthouse " .


Another story claims that he accidentally left the notebook in a restaurant in Rhodes in 1965 .


In collaboration with Frederick Loewe , and later Burton Lane , he created some of the world 's most popular and enduring works of musical theatre both for the stage and on film .


It set box-office records in New York and London .


At the time of his death he was married to actress Liz Robertson , who was 36 years his junior .


The war-torn nation then entered the Reconstruction era in a partially successful attempt to rebuild the country and grant civil rights to freed slaves .


The mobilization of civilian factories , mines , shipyards , banks , transportation , and food supplies all foreshadowed the impact of industrialization in World War I , World War II , and subsequent conflicts .


Nationalism was a powerful force in the early 19th century , with famous spokesmen such as Andrew Jackson and Daniel Webster .


These states agreed to form a new federal government , the Confederate States of America , on February 4 , 1861 .


They took control of federal forts and other properties within their boundaries with little resistance from outgoing President James Buchanan , whose term ended on March 4 , 1861 .


On March 4 , 1861 , Abraham Lincoln was sworn in as president .


Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman in command of most of the western armies .


One reason for the high number of battle deaths during the war was the continued use of tactics similar to those of the Napoleonic Wars at the turn of the century , such as charging .


The new ship , " Adventure Galley " , was well suited to the task of catching pirates , weighing over 284 tons burthen and equipped with 34 cannon , oars , and 150 men .


A third of his crew died on the Comoros due to an outbreak of cholera , the brand-new ship developed many leaks , and he failed to find the pirates whom he expected to encounter off Madagascar .


He felt this was a safer passage than the highly trafficked Narrows between Staten Island and Brooklyn .


He lived in " airless rat holes " in Greenwich Village and turned out advertising strips at $ 2 each while scouring the city hunting for jobs .


He eventually found work at the Associated Press when he was 23 years old .


Before leaving , he met Milton Caniff and the two became lifelong friends .


He based his cast of characters on the authentic mountain-dwellers he met while hitchhiking through rural West Virginia and the Cumberland Valley as a teenager .


Calreticulin binds to antibodies in certain area of systemic lupus and Sjögren patients that contain anti-Ro / SSA antibodies .


In mice models of myeloid leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma , anti-CD 47 were effective in clearing cancer cells while normal cells were unaffected .


The exhibition marked his West Coast debut of pop art .


One of the most important collaborators during this period was Gerard Malanga .


Less well known was his support and collaboration with several teenagers during this era , who would achieve prominence later in life including writer David Dalton , photographer Stephen Shore and artist Bibbe Hansen ( mother of pop musician Beck ) .


By the beginning of the 1960 s , pop art was an experimental form that several artists were independently adopting ; some of these pioneers , such as Roy Lichtenstein , would later become synonymous with the movement .


Those drips emulated the style of successful abstract expressionists ( such as Willem de Kooning ) .


He founded the gossip magazine " Interview " , a stage for celebrities he " endorsed " and a business staffed by his friends .


In 1960 , he had bought a drawing of a light bulb by Jasper Johns .


The bones of cattle , deer , and swine have been found in excavated crannogs , while remains of wooden utensils and even dairy products have been completely preserved for several millennia .


He soon prepared to march for the conquest of Turkestan , the original seat of his ancestors .


Years are usually counted from a particular starting point , usually called the epoch , with era referring to the particular period of time ( note the different use of the terms in geology ) .


This date format is used in Kazakhstan , Latvia , Nepal , and Turkmenistan .


In the United States , dates are rarely written in purely numerical forms in formal writing , although they are very common elsewhere ; when numerical forms are used , the month appears first .


This is now widely recognized as extremely problematic , because of the year 2000 problem .


In Canada and the United States , the usual written form is " December 7 , 1941 " , spoken as " December seventh , nineteen forty-one " or colloquially " December the seventh , nineteen forty-one " .


He studied applied mathematics at the Moscow Aviation Institute .


He was employed by Microsoft from October 1996 until 2005 .


The institute moved to its current eight-acre Hollywood campus in 1981 .


The film training program grew into the AFI Conservatory , an accredited graduate school .


The first class included filmmakers Terrence Malick , Caleb Deschanel , and Paul Schrader .


Additional sponsors include American Airlines and Stella Artois .


Alumnae of the program include Maya Angelou , Anne Bancroft , Dyan Cannon , Ellen Burstyn , Jennifer Getzinger , Lesli Linka Glatter , and Nancy Malone .


He was born in Tehran to an aristocratic family .


The surviving children ( all daughters ) were ; Ḍíyáʼíyyih K͟hánum ( mother of Shoghi Effendi ) ( d .


He was an informal adviser to politicians as diverse as Lyndon B. Johnson , George C. Wallace , Ronald Reagan and Robert F. Kennedy .


They inaugurated a period of economic and cultural renaissance known as the Middle Kingdom .


Embalmers used salts from the Wadi Natrun for mummification , which also provided the gypsum needed to make plaster .


There were extensive gold mines in Nubia , and one of the first maps known is of a gold mine in this region .


The Wadi Hammamat was a notable source of granite , greywacke , and gold .


The excavation of the workers ' village of Deir el-Medina has resulted in one of the most thoroughly documented accounts of community life in the ancient world , which spans almost four hundred years .


Many autonomous homes can reduce water use below per person per day , so that in a drought a month of water can be delivered inexpensively via truck .


Bulbar symptoms , including difficulty speaking ( dysarthria ) , difficulty swallowing ( dysphagia ) , and excessive saliva production ( sialorrhea ) , can also occur .


In TDP-43 depleted human neural stem cell-derived motor neurons , as well as in sporadic ALS patients ’ spinal cord specimens there is significant double-strand break accumulation and reduced levels of NHEJ .


According to the formulations of Peter T. Daniels , abjads differ from alphabets in that only consonants , not vowels , are represented among the basic graphemes .


2055 – 1650 BC ) he was replaced by Osiris in his role as lord of the underworld .


His daughter is the serpent goddess Kebechet .


He was replaced in that role by Osiris during the Middle Kingdom ( 2000 – 1700 BC ) .


An extremely rare depiction of him in fully human form was found in the tomb of Ramesses II in Abydos .


Industry research company Gartner uses " secure web gateway " ( SWG ) to describe the market segment .


Part of the civil liberties argument , especially from groups like the Electronic Frontier Foundation , was that parents who wanted to block sites could use their own content-filtering software , making government involvement unnecessary .


CYBERsitter blocks out sites like National Organization for Women .


Indic scripts originated in India and spread to Southeast Asia .


At 14 , he conducted a band that won a nationwide contest held in San Francisco .


Later , he conducted orchestras and attended a seminar given by Nikolai Sokoloff .


This is a claim most closely identified with Charles Spearman .


A " chambered cairn " is a burial monument , usually constructed during the Neolithic , consisting of a sizeable ( usually stone ) chamber around and over which a cairn of stones was constructed .


They are found throughout Britain and Ireland , with the largest number in Scotland .


They first were identified as a separate group in the Firth of Clyde region , hence the name .


It is likely that these are the result of cultural influences from mainland Europe , as they are similar to designs found in France and Spain .


They are largely found in the Outer Hebrides , although a mixture of cairn types are found here .


Jerome Robbins was called in to give advice and make changes .


In addition to new wood barrels , charred or uncharred , flavour can be added by aging whiskies in previously used bourbon or fortified wine barrels for different lengths of time .


Samuel Bronfman became president of the company and , with his dominant personality , began a strategy of increasing their capacity and aging whiskies in anticipation of the end of prohibition .


The distillery was purchased in 1987 by Fortune Brands which became Beam Suntory in 2011 .


The distillery was purchased in 2014 by Campari Group .


The distillery produces the Forty Creek brand .


They fished for salmon , crabs , shellfish , and cod , as well as hunting sea mammals such as seal , walrus , and whales .


In the United Kingdom the original " Board of Trade carat " was exactly grains ( ~ 3.170 " grains = ~ 205 mg ) ; per ounce troy , was approximately .


They were revived shortly after Boris Johnson 's re-election as Mayor in May 2012 , but six months later they were cancelled again .


The concept of an acid-base reaction was first proposed in 1754 by Guillaume-François Rouelle , who introduced the word " base " into chemistry to mean a substance which reacts with an acid to give it solid form ( as a salt ) .


One notable modification of oxygen theory was provided by Jöns Jacob Berzelius , who stated that acids are oxides of nonmetals while bases are oxides of metals .


In 1838 , Justus von Liebig proposed that an acid is a hydrogen-containing compound whose hydrogen can be replaced by a metal .


The first modern definition of acids and bases in molecular terms was devised by Svante Arrhenius .


An attempt at combining their talents occurred in April 1970 when the two couples went on holiday together to the island of Cyprus .


Recording sessions for the single " Summer Night City " were an uphill struggle , but upon release the song became another hit for the group .


A reworked version of the verses ended up in the musical " Chess " .


That same year they also performed privately at another friend 's 40th birthday : their old tour manager , Claes af Geijerstam .


Also in 1986 , " ABBA Live " was released , featuring selections of live performances from the group 's 1977 and 1979 tours .


British manager Simon Fuller announced in a statement in October 2016 that the group would be reuniting to work on a new ' digital entertainment experience ' .


Sveriges Television documented this historical event , by filming the whole recording process .


Choreography by Graham Tainton also contributed to their performance style .


The Sun closely approximates a black-body radiator .


Given , for example , the color magnitudes " B " and " V " which are calibrated to be equal for an A0V star ( e.g. Vega ) , the stellar color temperature is given by the temperature for which the color index of a black-body radiator fits the stellar one .


By eating the meat of the amphisbaena , one could supposedly attract many lovers of the opposite sex , and slaying one during the full moon could give power to one who is pure of heart and mind .


The concept originated in the Middle Ages , and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art , such as a painting , fresco , tapestry , or stained glass window .


The first of these parodied the preparatory cartoons for grand historical frescoes in the then-new Palace of Westminster .


The roster of magazine gag cartoonists includes Charles Addams , Charles Barsotti , and Chon Day .


Many of Gary Larson 's cartoons have a scientific flavor .


Overdose symptoms include nausea , vomiting , hypotension , hypoventilation , shortness of breath , and fainting .


The compilations of both of these works are traditionally ascribed to Confucius .


145 or 135 – 86BC ) based on work by his father , Sima Tan .


The social goal continued to be to invest in land and enter the gentry , ideas more like those of the physiocrats than those of Adam Smith .


Against this , Chen Shui-bian proposed his own four-stage theory .


In North America , autumn traditionally starts with the September equinox ( 21 to 24 September ) and ends with the winter solstice ( 21 or 22 December ) .


In Ireland , the autumn months according to the national meteorological service , Met Éireann , are September , October and November .


In southern hemisphere countries such as Australia and New Zealand , which tend to base their seasonal calendars meteorologically rather than astronomically , autumn officially begins on 1 March and ends on 31 May .


Compare the origin of " spring " from " spring of the leaf " and " spring of the year " .


Association with the transition from warm to cold weather , and its related status as the season of the primary harvest , has dominated its themes and popular images .


Autumn , especially in poetry , has often been associated with melancholia .


His fragmented , bizarre narrative style influenced later science fiction writers , notably Philip K. Dick .


He is one of the most popular and influential practitioners of science fiction in the mid-twentieth century , the genre 's so-called Golden Age , and one of the most complex .


This necessitated a move back to Ottawa , where he and his wife would stay for the next year and a half .


Around this time , he became particularly interested in the general semantics of Alfred Korzybski .


However , she reached the semi-finals in the doubles partnering with Elena Likhovtseva , before losing to the sixth seeds Mary Joe Fernández and Patricia Tarabini .


During the following year , he began clinical work under the psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin and did laboratory work with Franz Nissl and Alois Alzheimer in Munich .


His neuropathological research contributed greatly to the delineation of several diseases , including multiple sclerosis and Friedreich 's ataxia .


He suffered from chronic osteomyelitis for the last seven years of his life .


This eventually caused a retroperitoneal abscess and paralytic ileus from which he died following operation .


Being a scientist , above all else , Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation .


Karl Popper would also describe himself as an agnostic .


According to Richard Dawkins , a distinction between agnosticism and atheism is unwieldy and depends on how close to zero a person is willing to rate the probability of existence for any given god-like entity .


In recent years , when the party has been asked to explain the capitalist globalization occurring , the party has returned to the writings of Karl Marx .


The CMC is the highest decision-making institution on military affairs within the party , and controls the operations of the People 's Liberation Army .


thus achieving the first coast to coast transcontinental railroad in North America .


The park closed down in 1939 because the Great Depression left many people without much money , the completion of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge changed traffic patterns , people avoided paying the admission price , and the rise of car culture gave people many more choices for recreation destinations .


The open space of the decommissioned naval base often hosts " MythBusters " more dangerous experiments .


An unreactive gas was suspected to be a component of air by Henry Cavendish in 1785 .


They first accomplished this by replicating an experiment of Henry Cavendish 's .


Naturally occurring , with a half-life of 1.25 years , decays to stable ( 11.2 % ) by electron capture or positron emission , and also to stable ( 88.8 % ) by beta decay .


Mendeleev positioned the elements on his periodic table in order of atomic weight , but the inertness of argon suggested a placement " before " the reactive alkali metal .


Henry Moseley later solved this problem by showing that the periodic table is actually arranged in order of atomic number ( see History of the periodic table ) .


Argon-36 , in the form of argon hydride ( argonium ) ions , has been detected in interstellar medium associated with the Crab Nebula supernova ; this was the first noble-gas molecule detected in outer space .


Compressed argon gas is allowed to expand , to cool the seeker heads of some versions of the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile and other missiles that use cooled thermal seeker heads .


Dewar flasks are named after their inventor , James Dewar , the man who first liquefied hydrogen .


In the early 1930 s , William Astbury showed that there were drastic changes in the X-ray fiber diffraction of moist wool or hair fibers upon significant stretching .


The amino-acid side-chains are on the outside of the helix , and point roughly " downward " ( i.e. , toward the N-terminus ) , like the branches of an evergreen tree ( Christmas tree effect ) .


He is the brother of artist Damian Elwes whose own father was the diplomat and tenor Gervase Elwes ( 1866 – 1921 ) .


The book featured never-before-told stories , exclusive behind-the-scenes photographs , and interviews with co-stars Robin Wright , Wallace Shawn , Billy Crystal , Christopher Guest , Fred Savage and Mandy Patinkin , as well as author and screenwriter William Goldman , producer Norman Lear , and director Rob Reiner .


In 2010 , he reprised his role in " Saw 3D " .


She starred alongside Keira Knightley , Elisabeth Moss and Ellen Burstyn .


The cenotaph also lists the names of 173 local fatalities from World War II .


It has won many awards such as the best park in Lancashire .


When heated in air , arsenic oxidizes to arsenic trioxide ; the fumes from this reaction have an odor resembling garlic .


Zosimos ( circa 300 AD ) describes roasting " sandarach " ( realgar ) to obtain " cloud of arsenic " ( arsenic trioxide ) , which he then reduces to gray arsenic .


During the Bronze Age , arsenic was often included in bronze , which made the alloy harder ( so-called " arsenical bronze " ) .


but contact with the compound sometimes resulted in brain damage among those working the sprayers .


During the 18th , 19th , and 20th centuries , a number of arsenic compounds were used as medicines , including arsphenamine ( by Paul Ehrlich ) and arsenic trioxide ( by Thomas Fowler ) .


Arsphenamine , as well as neosalvarsan , was indicated for syphilis , but has been superseded by modern antibiotics .


However , arsenicals such as melarsoprol are still used for the treatment of trypanosomiasis , since although these drugs suffer from severe toxicity , the disease is almost uniformly fatal if untreated .


The stockpile was neutralized with bleach and dumped into the Gulf of Mexico in the 1950 s .


Many other countries and districts in Southeast Asia , such as Vietnam and Cambodia , have geological environments that produce groundwater with a high arsenic content .


Epidemiological evidence from Chile shows a dose-dependent connection between chronic arsenic exposure and various forms of cancer , in particular when other risk factors , such as cigarette smoking , are present .


For several centuries , the people of San Pedro de Atacama in Chile have been drinking water that is contaminated with arsenic , and some evidence suggests they have developed some immunity .


The nearby modern Megiddo is a kibbutz in the Kishon River area .


Friedrich Oskar Giesel later independently isolated it in 1902 and , unaware that it was already known , gave it the name emanium .


From 1994 to 2006 Labour Party councillors controlled the council .


The first Mayor of the newly created county borough was Jabez Balfour , later a disgraced Member of Parliament .


The main town centre houses a great variety of well-known stores on North End and two shopping centres .


Sanderstead , to the south , is a village mainly on high ground at the edge of suburban development in Greater London .


Woodside is located to the northeast of the borough , with streets based on Woodside Green , a small sized area of green land .


These both run north-south , connecting to each other in Purley .


There are more than 35 churches in the borough , with Croydon Minster being the main one .


It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in California in July 1938 .


It is a transuranic member of the actinide series , in the periodic table located under the lanthanide element europium , and thus by analogy was named after the Americas .


There have been a few cases of exposure to americium , the worst case being that of chemical operations technician Harold McCluskey , who at the age of 64 was exposed to 500 times the occupational standard for americium-241 as a result of an explosion in his lab .


Astatine is an extremely radioactive element ; all its isotopes have half-lives of 8.1 hours or less , decaying into other astatine isotopes , bismuth , polonium , or radon .


Several obstacles have been encountered in the development of astatine-based radiopharmaceuticals for cancer treatment .


However , since prehistory , they have also been built and used as burial monuments ; for defense and hunting ; for ceremonial purposes , sometimes relating to astronomy ; to locate buried items , such as caches of food or objects ; and to mark trails , among other purposes .


Inuksuit are found from Alaska to Greenland .


Coastal cairns , or " sea marks " , are also common in the northern latitudes , especially in the island-strewn waters of Scandinavia and eastern Canada .


In locales exhibiting fantastic rock formations , such as the Grand Canyon , tourists often construct simple cairns in reverence of the larger counterparts .


By contrast , cairns may have a strong aesthetic purpose , for example in the art of Andy Goldsworthy .


The building of cairns for various purposes goes back into prehistory in Eurasia , ranging in size from small rock sculptures to substantial man-made hills of stone ( some built on top of larger , natural hills ) .


In Scotland , it is traditional to carry a stone up from the bottom of a hill to place on a cairn at its top .


In Scandinavia , cairns have been used for centuries as trail and sea marks , among other purposes .


In Iceland , cairns were often used as markers along the numerous single-file roads or paths that crisscrossed the island ; many of these ancient cairns are still standing , although the paths have disappeared .


Since Neolithic times , the climate of North Africa has become drier .


Starting in the Bronze Age , burial cists were sometimes interred into cairns , which would be situated in conspicuous positions , often on the skyline above the village of the deceased .


Cairns have been used throughout what is now Latin America , since pre-Columbian times , to mark trails .


In the early 1800 s , John Dalton compiled experimental data gathered by himself and other scientists and noticed that chemical elements seemed to combine by weight in ratios of small whole numbers .


A consequence of using waveforms to describe particles is that it is mathematically impossible to obtain precise values for both the position and momentum of a particle at a given point in time ; this became known as the uncertainty principle , formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1927 .


Ernest Rutherford ( 1919 ) observed that nitrogen under alpha-particle bombardment ejects what appeared to be hydrogen nuclei .