The elements of the Eucharist , sacramental bread ( leavened or unleavened ) and sacramental wine ( or grape juice ) , are consecrated on an altar ( or a communion table ) and consumed thereafter .


Many , on the other hand , follow John Knox in celebration of the Lord 's supper on a quarterly basis , to give proper time for reflection and inward consideration of one 's own state and sin .


The gluten in wheat bread is dangerous to people with celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders , such as non-celiac gluten sensitivity and wheat allergy .


The most likely diseases to be transmitted would be common viral illnesses such as the common cold .


This was done in 2009 by the Church of England .


Following the brief Costa Rican Civil War in 1948 , it permanently abolished its army in 1949 , becoming one of only a few sovereign nations without a standing army .


The name may also have come from conquistador Gil González Dávila , who landed on the west coast in 1522 , encountered natives , and obtained some of their gold , sometimes by violent theft and sometimes as gifts from local leaders .


In 1917 – 19 , General Federico Tinoco Granados ruled as a military dictator until he was overthrown and forced into exile .


An " eclipse " is an astronomical event that occurs when an astronomical object or spacecraft is temporarily obscured , by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer .


A binary star system can also produce eclipses if the plane of the orbit of its constituent stars intersects the observer 's position .


The gas giant planets have many moons and thus frequently display eclipses .


The most striking involve Jupiter , which has four large moons and a low axial tilt , making eclipses more frequent as these bodies pass through the shadow of the larger planet .


By knowing the expected time when an eclipse would be observed at a standard longitude ( such as Greenwich ) , the time difference could be computed by accurately observing the local time of the eclipse .


This technique was used , for example , by Giovanni D. Cassini in 1679 to re-map France .


On Mars , only partial solar eclipses ( transits ) are possible , because neither of its moons is large enough , at their respective orbital radii , to cover the Sun 's disc as seen from the surface of the planet .


Eclipses are impossible on Mercury and Venus , which have no moons .


A binary star system consists of two stars that orbit around their common centre of mass .


The result is a type of extrinsic variable star system called an eclipsing binary .


The concept that an eclipsing body caused these luminosity variations was introduced by John Goodricke in 1783 .


The Mexican Empire was the official name given to this monarchical regime from 1821 to 1823 .


In this final battle , Juan Santamaría , a drummer boy from Alajuela , lost his life torching the filibusters ' stronghold .


In 1917 – 19 , Federico Tinoco Granados ruled as a dictator .


In order to help improve the economy , President Rodrigo Carazo continued to borrow money internationally .


It also includes the Cerros de Escazú which borders the Costa Rican Central Valley to the south .


The " summer " or dry season goes from December to April , and " winter " or rainy season goes from May to November , which almost coincides with the Atlantic hurricane season , and during this time , it rains constantly in some regions .


The Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad is allowed to collect royalties on any biological discoveries of medical importance .


The main destination countries are the United States ( 85,924 ) , Nicaragua ( 10,772 ) , Panama ( 7,760 ) , Canada ( 5,039 ) , Spain ( 3,339 ) , Mexico ( 2,464 ) , Germany ( 1,891 ) , Italy ( 1,508 ) , Guatemala ( 1,162 ) and Venezuela ( 1,127 ) .


The vast majority were born in Nicaragua ( 287,766 ) .


Other countries of origin were Colombia ( 20,514 ) , United States ( 16,898 ) , Spain ( 16,482 ) and Panama ( 11,250 ) .


Abnormalities in XBP1 lead to a heightened endoplasmic reticulum stress response and subsequently causes a higher susceptibility for inflammatory processes that may even contribute to Alzheimer 's disease .


In the colon , XBP1 anomalies have been linked to the inflammatory bowel diseases including Crohn 's disease .


Costa Rica is a republic with a strong system of constitutional checks and balances .


Abel Pacheco was elected President , under a national unity platform , but continuing most of the neoliberal and conservative policies of Miguel Ángel Rodríguez .


4 % lead over rival Ottón Solís and prompted a manual recount of all ballots .


On November 21 , 1989 , George H. W. Bush signed an appropriation bill authorizing payments to be paid out between 1990 and 1998 .


In early August 2017 , President Luis Guillermo Solís admitted that the country was facing a " liquidity crisis " , an inability to pay all of its obligations and to guarantee the essential services .


It makes up about 6.5 % of Costa Rica ’s GDP , and employs 12.9 % of the labor force ( 2016 ) .


Some early works are reminiscent of Manet .


In a now famous paper published in 1950 Alan Turing proposed the possibility that machines might one day have the ability to " think " .


In 1971 Terry Winograd developed an early natural language processing engine capable of interpreting naturally written commands within a simple rule-governed environment .


The nation 's hardwood exports match that of Brazil .


This article is about the demographic features of the population of Ivory Coast , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population .


In 1996 , the National Institute of Standards and Technology defined electronic data interchange as " the computer-to-computer interchange of strictly formatted messages that represent documents other than monetary instruments .


The capital since 1983 is Yamoussoukro ; however , Abidjan remains the commercial center .


After a new constitution was approved by referendum , it is expected President Alassane Ouattara would appoint a Vice-President before 2020 .


The country counts with two 4-laned " motorways " , the first one running from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro for a length of 224 " km. , and the second joining Abidjan to Grand-Bassam , with a length of 30 " km .


Apart from those two major ports , there are also small ports at Sassandra , Aboisso , and Dabou .


Two more military helicopters were destroyed during combat in the skies over Abidjan .


She worked as a management trainee for Kmart in 1981 but quit after a few months and entered a beauty pageant .


Michael Faraday , in his electrolysis experiments , was the first to note the discrete nature of electric charge .


The coulomb is defined as the quantity of charge that passes through the cross section of an electrical conductor carrying one ampere for one second .


The fill was acquired from the ballast of ships , as well as material excavated from the first line of the New York City Subway .


these new preparations were supervised by Ebenezer Stevens .


By September , the Treasury 's Supervising Architect , James Knox Taylor , opened an architecture competition to rebuild the immigration station .


This idea was approved by Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall in October 1964 .


To the east are the eight measles pavilions ( also known as wards A-H ) , built in phases from 1906 to 1909 and located near the center of island 3 .


Others would have used one of the other terminals along the North River / Hudson River at that time .


Those with serious contagious diseases ( such as cholera and typhus ) were quarantined at Hoffman Island or Swinburne Island , two artificial islands off the shore of Staten Island to the south .


For example , after an initial check for physical disabilities , inspectors would use special forceps or the buttonhook to examine immigrants for signs of eye diseases such as trachoma .


though fire protection and medical services are also provided by the Jersey City Fire Department .


Emperor Diocletian was native to the region , and he had a large palace built in Split to which he retired after his abdication in AD 305 .


The lowest temperature of was recorded on 3 February 1919 in Čakovec , and the highest temperature of was recorded on 4 August 1981 in Ploče .


One of the most significant are karst habitats which include submerged karst , such as Zrmanja and Krka canyons and tufa barriers , as well as underground habitats .


The karst geology harbours approximately 7,000 caves and pits , some of which are the habitat of the only known aquatic cave vertebrate - the olm .


Croatian artists of the period achieving worldwide renown were Vlaho Bukovac and Ivan Meštrović .


His contemporaries associated him with Socrates as a leader of a decadent intellectualism .


Both were frequently lampooned by comic poets such as Aristophanes .


In June 2005 , for example , classicists at the University of Oxford worked on a joint project with Brigham Young University , using multi-spectral imaging technology to retrieve previously illegible writing ( see References ) .


At the same time , choral odes began to take on something of the form of dithyrambs reminiscent of the poetry of Bacchylides , featuring elaborate treatment of myths .


Milan Babić , a dentist from the southern town of Knin , was elected president .


At the same time , presidential elections were held which were won by a moderate , Stjepan Mesić .


highest point = Dinara making it the 127th largest country in the world .


Most of the lowlands are found in the country 's northern regions , especially in Slavonia , representing a part of the Pannonian Basin .


Consequently , temperature peaks are more pronounced in the continental areas : the lowest temperature of was recorded on 4 February 1929 in Gospić , and the highest temperature of was recorded on 5 August 1981 in Ploče .


Among the most significant are karst habitats ; these include submerged karst , such as Zrmanja and Krka canyons and tufa barriers , as well as underground habitats .


The most recent significant migrations came as a result of the Croatian War of Independence when hundreds of thousands were displaced .


An " extinction-level event " ( also known as a " mass extinction " or " biotic crisis " ) is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth .


Smith then began work on what he intended as a new series , starting with " Spacehounds of IPC , " which he finished in the autumn of 1930 .


Editor Frederik Pohl introduced it with a one-page summary of the previous stories , which were all at least 30 years old .


The latest census in Croatia was performed in April 2011 .


One explanation for the recent population decrease is the Croatian War of Independence .


Cardiovascular disease and cancer were the primary causes of death in the country , with 26,235 and 13,280 deaths respectively .


In the same year , there were 9,940 emigrants from the country , 44.8 % of them leaving to Serbia .


In 2009 , the net migration to and from abroad peaked in the Sisak-Moslavina County ( − 1,093 persons ) and the city of Zagreb ( + 830 persons ) .


Augustin-Louis Cauchy refereed these papers , but refused to accept them for publication for reasons that still remain unclear .


In 1843 Joseph Liouville reviewed his manuscript and declared it sound .


The dwarf planet Eris is named after the goddess .


Hera offered political power ; Athena promised infinite wisdom ; and Aphrodite tempted him with the most beautiful woman in the world : Helen , wife of Menelaus of Sparta .


It produced corn of all kinds , hemp , flax , tobacco , and great quantities of liquorice .


The Croatian National Bank had to take steps to curb further growth of indebtedness of local banks with foreign banks .


Opatija was the first holiday resort since the middle of the 19th century .


Ideas developed by Charles Darwin has ethnocentric ideals where societies who believed they were superior were most likely to survive and prosper .


Anthropologist Franz Boas saw the flaws in this formulaic approach to ranking and interpreting cultural development and committed himself to overthrowing this inaccurate reasoning due to many factors involving their individual characteristics .


The seat of the municipality is in the city of Eskilstuna .


Croatia has 68 airports , nine of which are international .


The country also has several airlines , of which the most notable are Croatia Airlines and Trade Air .


The journey from Zagreb to Rijeka will be cut to one hour compared to 4 hours with the existing track .


The highway currently ends near the Ploče sea port , but is planned to continue further on to Dubrovnik .


After these objectives have been achieved by year 2000 , two main goals became NATO and EU membership .


The main issue , the flight of general Gotovina , however , remained unsolved and despite the agreement on an accession negotiation framework , the negotiations did not begin in March 2005 .


On Saturday , 11 November 1854 a crowd estimated at more than 10,000 miners gathered at Bakery Hill , directly opposite the government encampment .


A purpose built Interpretation centre was erected in 1998 in suburb of Eureka near the site of the stockade .


The cast included Carol Burns , Bill Hunter and Brett Cullen .


It stars Kurt Russell , Lee Van Cleef , Donald Pleasence , Ernest Borgnine , Isaac Hayes , Adrienne Barbeau , and Harry Dean Stanton .


Debra Hill and Larry J. Franco served as the producers .


The job entails stealing the car in which John F. Kennedy was assassinated from a casino before delivering it to a buyer in the Gulf of Mexico .


In the United States and Europe , approximately 90 % of ethylene is used to produce ethylene oxide , ethylene dichloride , ethylbenzene and polyethylene .


According to another opinion , he did not join the first party so as not to compete , even involuntarily , with Jeshua ben Jozadak for the office of chief priest .


This was found in the person of Lilith .


He is believed to have been a " prophet of the desert - like John the Baptist " .


Alternatives have been proposed for many years ; for example Adam Clarke ( d .


These neolithic cultures used ground stone and shell tools and ornaments , including the dagger-like " gladiolitos " , which are believed to have had a ceremonial role .


In 1514 , a settlement was founded in what was to become Havana .


The first governor was General John R. Brooke .


Havana and Varadero soon became popular tourist resorts .


President Gerardo Machado was elected by popular vote in 1925 , but he was constitutionally barred from reelection .


These murders mounted in 1957 , as Fidel Castro gained more publicity and influence .


At the same time , rival guerrilla groups in the Escambray Mountains also grew more effective .


The rebels were defeated and their leader , William Morgan , was captured and executed .


A memorandum issued on 20 October 1963 by Raúl Castro mandated a high standard of behavior for the troops , with strict instructions being given on their proper conduct during foreign interventions .


Expressive aphasia differs from dysarthria , which is typified by a patient 's inability to properly move the muscles of the tongue and mouth to produce speech .


For example , the drug Heberprot-P was developed as a cure for diabetic foot ulcer and had success in many developing countries .


Scarce imported goods – and even some of local manufacture , such as rum and coffee – could be had at dollar-only stores , but were hard to find or unavailable at peso prices .


Metro systems are not present in the island , although a suburban rail network exists in Havana .


Meanwhile , Microsoft gained an increasingly dominant position in the browser market .


In July 2008 , these disparate parties came together for a conference in Oslo .


These writers include Nobel Prize winners V. S. Naipaul and Derek Walcott as well as the novelists Edwidge Danticat and Sam Selvon .


It is the capital of Elbląg County and has been assigned ( since 1999 ) to the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .


Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland .


From there , traders continued further south to Carnuntum along the Amber Road .


After paying homage to the King , the city was granted great privileges , similar to those of Toruń and Gdańsk .


Famous inhabitants of the city at that time included native sons Hans von Bodeck and Samuel Hartlib .


Parts of the damaged historical city center were completely demolished , with the bricks being used to rebuild Warsaw and Gdańsk .


Former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and Fidel Castro were personal friends .


The coup ousted president Makarios III and replaced him with pro-enosis nationalist Nikos Sampson .


The northern part is the EAC refugee settlement .


In that sense the buffer zone turns the Paralimni area on the southeast corner of the island into a " de facto " , though not " de jure " , exclave .


The narrow Kyrenia Range extends along the northern coastline .


Its easternmost extension becomes a series of foothills on the Karpass Peninsula .


Where there is no forest , tall shrub communities of golden oak ( " Quercus alnifolia " ) , strawberry tree ( " Arbutus andrachne " ) , terebinth ( " Pistacia terebinthus " ) , olive ( " Olea europaea " ) , kermes oak ( " Quercus coccifera " ) and styrax ( " Styrax officinalis " ) are found , but such maquis is uncommon .


Over most of the island untilled ground bears a grazed covering of garrigue , largely composed of low bushes of Cistus , " Genista sphacelata " , " Calycotoime villosa " , " Lithospermum hispidulum " , " Phaganalon rupestre " and , locally , " Pistacia lentiscus " .


In that sense , the buffer zone turns the south-east corner of the island , the Paralimni area , into a " de facto " , though not " de jure " , exclave .


The thermodynamic definition of entropy was developed in the early 1850 s by Rudolf Clausius and essentially describes how to measure the entropy of an isolated system in thermodynamic equilibrium with its parts .


Physical chemist Peter Atkins , for example , who previously wrote of dispersal leading to a disordered state , now writes that " spontaneous changes are always accompanied by a dispersal of energy " .


A definition of entropy based entirely on the relation of adiabatic accessibility between equilibrium states was given by E.H. Lieb and J. Yngvason in 1999 .


If the universe can be considered to have generally increasing entropy , then – as Roger Penrose has pointed out – gravity plays an important role in the increase because gravity causes dispersed matter to accumulate into stars , which collapse eventually into black holes .


Jacob Bekenstein and Stephen Hawking have shown that black holes have the maximum possible entropy of any object of equal size .


The role of entropy in cosmology remains a controversial subject since the time of Ludwig Boltzmann .


The loss of the port of Famagusta , which handled 83 percent of the general cargo , and the closure of Nicosia International Airport , in the buffer zone , were additional setbacks .


Foreign portfolio investment in the Cyprus Stock Exchange was also liberalized .


CIPA has been fundamental towards this trend .


Its geographical position at the crossroads of three continents and its proximity to the Suez Canal has promoted merchant shipping as an important industry for the island nation .


Because the " de facto " administration is recognized only by Turkey , it has had much difficulty arranging foreign financing , and foreign firms have hesitated to invest there .


Because Cyprus has no working railway system , various other methods of transport are needed to ensure the proper delivery of any cargo , be it human or freight .


Nicosia International Airport has been closed since 1974 .


Mean graduate pay was $ 0.56 per man-hour in 2010 .


There are hundreds of fish farms throughout the country and the largest one is at the Qargha , which supplies fish eggs to the other fish farms .


Moreover , the distribution of the forest is uneven , and most of the remaining woodland is only found in the Kunar , Nuristan and the Paktia regions in the east of the country .


90 % of these exports went to the Soviet Union to pay for imports and debts .


All of that ended with the start of the April 1978 Saur Revolution .


Víctor Ramos , one of the authors of the study proposing the 140 Ma boundary age , sees the study as a " first step " toward formally changing the age in the International Union of Geological Sciences .


pressures with levels of 1000 – 1400 ppmV and mean annual temperatures in west Texas between 21 and 23 " °C ( 70 - 73 " °F ) .


The coelurosaur dinosaurs found there represent types of the group Maniraptora , which includes modern birds and their closest non-avian relatives , such as dromaeosaurs , oviraptorosaurs , therizinosaurs , troodontids along with other avialans .


Baculites " , an ammonite genus with a straight shell , flourished in the seas along with reef-building rudist clams .


Globotruncanid Foraminifera and echinoderms such as sea urchins and starfish ( sea stars ) thrived .


Demobilized as a major in 1945 , he was a lecturer in history at the University of Liverpool from 1946 to 1949 .


While there , he initiated an important series of historical monographs on the history of Malaya , publishing the first in 1960 .


The following year , in August , 1953 , the Lee Foundation pledged a dollar-for-dollar match up to $ 375,000 towards the establishment of a national library , provided that it was a free , without-cost , public library , open to men and women of every race , class , creed , and colour .


There are hints that the god Freyr was associated with elves .


In the analysis of Valdimar Tr. Hafstein , " narratives about the insurrections of elves demonstrate supernatural sanction against development and against urbanization ; that is to say , the supernaturals protect and enforce pastoral values and traditional rural culture .


In the animistic precolonial beliefs of the Philippines , the world can be divided into the material world and the spirit world .


Therefore , the most probable date for its composition is the second half of the year 63 or the beginning of 64 , according to the " Catholic Encyclopedia " .


The oldest known canals were irrigation canals , built in Mesopotamia circa 4000 BC , in what is now Iraq and Iran .


In the Middle Ages , water transport was several times cheaper and faster than transport overland .


This included a staircase of 8 locks at Béziers , a tunnel , and three major aqueducts .


During this period of " canal mania " , huge sums were invested in canal building , and although many schemes came to nothing , the canal system rapidly expanded to nearly 4,000 miles ( over 6,400 kilometres ) in length .


The team 's manager is Gareth Southgate .


After the game , a bewildered Syd Owen said , " it was like playing men from outer space " .


Between 1994 and 1996 , Terry Venables managed the team .


It has made progress in understanding how damage to particular areas of the brain affect cognition , and it has helped to uncover the root causes and results of specific dysfunction , such as dyslexia , anopia , and hemispatial neglect .


In the realm of linguistics , Noam Chomsky and George Lakoff have been influential ( both have also become notable as political commentators ) .


In artificial intelligence , Marvin Minsky , Herbert A. Simon , and Allen Newell are prominent .


Popular names in the discipline of psychology include George A. Miller , James McClelland , Philip Johnson-Laird , and Steven Pinker .


Anthropologists Dan Sperber , Edwin Hutchins , and Scott Atran , have been involved in collaborative projects with cognitive and social psychologists , political scientists and evolutionary biologists in attempts to develop general theories of culture formation , religion , and political association .


Computational theories ( with models and simulations ) have also been developed , by David Rumelhart , James McClelland and Philip Johnson-Laird .


In ontology it is sometimes suggested that the " is " of existence is reducible to the " is " of property attribution or class membership ; to be , Aristotle held , is to be " something " .


The pages listed below contain information about trends and events in particular " centuries " and millennia .


The group began email discussions in 1997 and first met together at the Santa Cruz Operation offices on August 22 , 1997 .


Ernst Lecher in 1888 showed that the current through an electric arc could be oscillatory .


Independently , in the same year , George Francis FitzGerald realized that if the damping resistance in a resonant circuit could be made zero or negative , the circuit would produce oscillations , and , unsuccessfully , tried to build a negative resistance oscillator with a dynamo , what would now be called a parametric oscillator .


Further advances in mathematical analysis of oscillation were made by Hendrik Wade Bode and Harry Nyquist in the 1930 s .


He taught logic to Demosthenes , and he is also said to have taught Apollonius Cronus , the teacher of Diodorus Cronus , and the historian Euphantus .


He may have also gone to Iceland in 1477 .


In 1479 or 1480 , his son Diego Columbus was born .


The precise first land sighting and landing point was San Salvador Island .


He restocked provisions and made repairs in Gran Canaria , then departed from San Sebastián de La Gomera on 6 September , for what turned out to be a five-week voyage across the ocean .


Another storm forced him into the port at Lisbon .


There , he was interviewed by Bartolomeu Dias , who had rounded the Cape of Good Hope a few years earlier , in 1488 – 1489 .


As in the first voyage , the fleet stopped at the Canary Islands , from which it departed on 13 October , following a more southerly course than on the previous expedition .


The men sighted the land of Trinidad on 31 July , approaching from the southeast .


Reactive arthritis is a joint inflammation caused by intestinal bacterial infections or after acquiring certain sexually transmitted diseases ( primarily chlamydia or gonorrhea ) .


Chemistry as we know it today , was invented by Antoine Lavoisier with his law of conservation of mass in 1783 .


The discoveries of the chemical elements has a long history culminating in the creation of the periodic table by Dmitri Mendeleev .


The band released " Till Death Do Us Part " on March 23 , 2004 .


The song also appeared in the trailer of the movie " The Green Hornet " .


It generally received 10 % to 20 % of the vote in the Basque Autonomous Community .


Premier Felipe González was quoted as saying that the constitutional state has to defend itself " also in the sewers " ( " El Estado de derecho también se defiende en las cloacas " ) something which , for some , indicated at least his knowledge of the scheme .


The next day , after being asked by the opposition , Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba said that warning was part of a strategy .


In August 1999 Judge Baltasar Garzón authorized the reopening of the newspaper and the radio , but they could not reopen due to economic difficulties .


In 2008 , this came to light after Iñaki de Juana Chaos , whose release from prison was canceled on appeal , had moved to Belfast .


In some parts of the world , ethnology has developed along independent paths of investigation and pedagogical doctrine , with " cultural anthropology " becoming dominant especially in the United States , and " social anthropology " in Great Britain .


The progress of ethnology , for example with Claude Lévi-Strauss 's structural anthropology , led to the criticism of conceptions of a linear progress , or the pseudo-opposition between " societies with histories " and " societies without histories " , judged too dependent on a limited view of history as constituted by accumulative growth .


Today , there is a substantial secondary market for vintage fashion jewelry .


The trend of jewelry-making at home by hobbyists for personal enjoyment or for sale on sites like Etsy has resulted in the common practice of buying wholesale costume jewelry in bulk and using it for parts .


For duplex transmission , i.e. sending and receiving in both directions , bi-directional relay repeaters were developed starting with the work of C. F. Varley for telegraphic transmission .


Other advances in the theory of amplification were made by Harry Nyquist and Hendrik Wade Bode .


The term refers only to the archipelago to the west of the Cotentin Peninsula .


In Saint Peter Port , a large part of the harbour had been built by 1865 .


Thousands of children were evacuated with their schools to England and Scotland .


In Sark , where most motor traffic is prohibited , the few vehicles – " nearly all tractors " – do not display plates .


The most noted comedy actors of the era were Charlie Chaplin , Harold Lloyd , and Buster Keaton .


The bar was open for longer hours than the mess and sold several flavors of ice cream , along with cigarettes and other consumables .


Among other things the ice cream making machines were removed , since they were considered unnecessary luxuries on ships , which served grog and other alcoholic beverages .


Several escort carriers were pressed back into service during the first years of the Vietnam War because of their ability to carry large numbers of aircraft .


Rock climbing and ice climbing have spawned publicly recognizable names such as Edmund Hillary , Chris Bonington , Wolfgang Güllich and more recently Joe Simpson .


Another example is surfing , invented centuries ago by the inhabitants of Polynesia , it will become national sport of Hawaii .


According to Sigmund Freud , we have an instinctual ' death wish ' , which is a subconscious inbuilt desire to destroy ourselves , proving that in the seek for the thrill , danger is considered pleasurable .


and no version of the " Anglo-Saxon Chronicle " ; in fact the only mention in the chronicle concerns Bishop Mellitus .


In the late ninth century " Anglo-Saxon Chronicle " , he is referred to as a " bretwalda " , or " Britain-ruler " .


He provided the new church with land in Canterbury , thus establishing one of the foundation stones of what ultimately became the Anglican Communion .


The " Anglo-Saxon Chronicle " , a collection of annals assembled c .


Academic Xavier Mendik also defines cult films as opposing the mainstream and further proposes that films can become cult by virtue of their genre or content , especially if it is transgressive .


Mary Woronov , known for her transgressive roles in cult films , eventually transitioned to mainstream films .


Similarly , Chloë Sevigny has struggled with her reputation as a cult independent film star famous for her daring roles in transgressive films .


Qualities that bring cult films to prominence " – such as an uncompromising , unorthodox vision " – caused Alejandro Jodorowsky to languish in obscurity for years .


Lloyd Kaufman sees his films ' political statements as more populist and authentic than the hypocrisy of mainstream films and celebrities .


As late as the 1980 s , critics still cited Pedro Almodóvar 's anti-macho iconoclasm as a rebellion against fascist mores , as he grew from countercultural rebel to mainstream respectability .


Consequently , the British Board of Film Classification banned many popular cult films due to issues of sex , violence , and incitement to crime .


However , the sexploitation films of Doris Wishman took a feminist approach which avoids and subverts the male gaze and traditional goal-oriented methods .


Similarly , the films of Russ Meyer were a complicated combination of transgressive , mainstream , progressive , and regressive elements .


Similarly , James Dean and his brief film career have become icons of alienated youth .


The hammy acting by Christopher Lloyd and quotable dialogue draw a cult following , as they mimic traditional cult films .


Other cult films , such as " Streets of Fire " ( 1984 ) , create a new fictional world based on nostalgic views of the past .


" The sexploitation films of Russ Meyer were among the first to abandon all hypocritical pretenses of morality and were technically proficient enough to gain a cult following .


The sponsored film " Mr. B Natural " became a cult hit when it was broadcast on the satirical television show " Mystery Science Theater 3000 " ; cast member Trace Beaulieu cited these educational shorts as his favorite to mock on the show .


After a clip from one of his films went viral , director-producer Roger Corman made a distribution deal with YouTube .


In 1921 , he moved to the University of Zürich .


He issued a statement recanting this opposition ( he later regretted doing so and explained the reason to Einstein ) .


In autumn 1922 he analyzed the electron orbits in an atom from a geometric point of view , using methods developed by the mathematician Hermann Weyl ( 1885 – 1955 ) .


In the second siege , the second ruler of Bulgaria , Khan Tervel , rendered decisive help .


Toward the end of Manuel I Komnenos 's reign , the number of foreigners in the city reached about 60,000 – 80,000 people out of a total population of about 400,000 people .


He also granted funds for the restoration of the Church of the Holy Apostles , which had been seriously damaged in an earthquake .


Procopius claimed " more than 500 prostitutes " did business along the market street .


From the 5th century , the city was also protected by the Anastasian Wall , a 60-kilometer chain of walls across the Thracian peninsula .


It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age people .


In places these have been subjected to severe folding , as can be seen on the north coast near Crackington Haven and in several other locations .


This is home to rare plants , such as the Cornish Heath , which has been adopted as the county flower .


St Ives and Padstow are today small vessel ports with a major tourism and leisure sector in their economies .


These included Peter Lanyon , Terry Frost , Patrick Heron , Bryan Wynter and Roger Hilton .


There is some small scale production of wine , mead and cider .


Cornish nationalists have organised into two political parties : Mebyon Kernow , formed in 1951 , and the Cornish Nationalist Party .


The resulting petition was presented to the Prime Minister , Tony Blair .


Before the introduction of comprehensive schools there were a number of grammar schools and secondary modern schools , e.g. the schools that later became Sir James Smith 's School and Wadebridge School .


Constitutional monarchies range from countries such as Liechtenstein , Monaco , Morocco , Jordan , Kuwait and Bahrain , where the constitution grants substantial discretionary powers to the sovereign , to countries such as the United Kingdom , Spain , Belgium , Sweden and Japan , where the monarch retains significantly less personal discretion in the exercise of their authority .


Executive constitutional monarchies : Bhutan , Bahrain , Jordan , Kuwait , Liechtenstein , Monaco , Morocco , and Tonga .


Only a few monarchies ( most notably Japan and Sweden ) have amended their constitutions so that the monarch is no longer even the nominal chief executive .


When he sought the Governor-General 's approval of the election , the Governor-General instead dismissed him as Prime Minister , and shortly thereafter installed leader of the opposition Malcolm Fraser in his place .


He studied in Copenhagen until 1798 , before settling in Dresden .


He rejected the overreaching portrayals of nature in its " totality " , as found in the work of contemporary painters like Adrian Ludwig Richter ( 1803 – 84 ) and Joseph Anton Koch ( 1768 – 1839 ) .


Her parents met one another at a party held for Dizzy Gillespie in 1963 .


During this period , she enrolled at Portland State University , studying English and philosophy .


and recorded their fourth single , " Beautiful Son " , which was released in April 1993 .


As a child , her first exposure to music was records that her parents retrieved each month through Columbia Record Club .


This rule 's introduction means that Sandra Kim , who won the contest for in at the age of 13 , would remain the contest 's youngest winner in perpetuity .


These include athletes , such as boxers Vitali and Wladimir Klitschko in 2005 , tennis players Novak Djokovic and Ana Ivanovic and basketball star Vlade Divac in 2008 , and footballer Zlatan Ibrahimović in 2013 ; and actors such as Gal Gadot in 2019 .


Several special broadcasts have been commissioned over the years to mark important anniversaries in the contest 's history .


Tunisia had applied to take part in the , and had been drawn to perform 4th on stage , but later withdrew .


Most recently , in 2019 , a number of controversial incidents occurred in the run-up to in Tel Aviv .


The most recent contest was held in in Edinburgh , United Kingdom ; the , which was scheduled to be held in Zagreb , Croatia in June 2020 , has been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic .


In the same period he befriended Claude Debussy .


To give an example : he applied for membership in the Académie Française twice , leaving no doubt in the application letter that the board of that organisation ( presided over by Camille Saint-Saëns ) as much as owed him such membership .


Thus , young artists such as Roland-Manuel , and later Georges Auric , and Jean Cocteau , started to receive more of his attention than the " " .


Later , the group was joined by Francis Poulenc and Darius Milhaud .


Cannibalism has recently been both practised and fiercely condemned in several wars , especially in Liberia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo .


Additionally , there are cases of people suffering from mental illness engaging in cannibalism for sexual pleasure , such as Jeffrey Dahmer and Albert Fish .


There is resistance to formally labeling cannibalism a mental disorder .


According to this research , genetic markers commonly found in modern humans worldwide suggest that today many people carry a gene that evolved as protection against the brain diseases that can be spread by consuming human brain tissue .


The story of Tantalus also parallels this .


Franciscan friar Diego de Landa reported on Yucatán instances .


and the civil wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone .


During South Sudanese Civil War cannibalism and forced cannibalism have been reported .


More recently , the Lord 's Resistance Army has been accused of routinely engaging in ritual or magical cannibalism .


This usually occurred when towns and villages were under Khmer Rouge control , and food was strictly rationed , leading to widespread starvation .


During Mao Zedong 's Cultural Revolution , local governments ' documents revealed hundreds of incidents of cannibalism for ideological reasons .


Reports of widespread cannibalism began to emerge from North Korea during the famine of the 1990 s and subsequent ongoing starvation .


On July 23 , 1988 , Rick Gibson ate the flesh of another person in public .


The first 94 occur naturally on Earth , and the remaining 24 are synthetic elements produced in nuclear reactions .


The very heaviest elements ( those beyond plutonium , element 94 ) undergo radioactive decay with half-lives so short that they are not found in nature and must be synthesized .


With his advances in the atomic theory of matter , John Dalton devised his own simpler symbols , based on circles , to depict molecules .


She was patron of literary figures such as Wace , Benoît de Sainte-Maure , and Bernart de Ventadorn .


However , he died on Good Friday of that year ( 9April ) .


The war lasted two years ( 1142 – 44 ) and ended with the occupation of Champagne by the royal army .


On 11 March 1152 , they met at the royal castle of Beaugency to dissolve the marriage .


A year can also be measured by starting on any other named day of the calendar , and ending on the day before this named day in the following year .


It has a length of 365 days in an ordinary year , with 8,760 hours , 525,600 minutes , or 31,536,000 seconds ; but 366 days in a leap year , with 8,784 hours , 527,040 minutes , or 31,622,400 seconds .


The primary benefit promised by elliptic curve cryptography is a smaller key size , reducing storage and transmission requirements and Victor S. Miller in 1985 .


RSA Security in September 2013 issued an advisory recommending that its customers discontinue using any software based on Dual_EC_DRBG .


It is used for tropical plants , such as fruiting banana plants , coffee , rubber and giant bamboo , and is kept at a tropical temperature and moisture level .


The ETFE technology was supplied and installed by the firm Vector Foiltec , which is also responsible for ongoing maintenance of the cladding .


A permanent installation entitled " Seed " , by Peter Randall-Page , occupies the anteroom .


These frauds were revealed by an internal auditor , Paul van Buitenen .


It has also been criticised on IT-related issues , particularly with regard to Microsoft .


Issues of interest include phenomena such as subliminal perception , blindsight , denial of impairment , and altered states of consciousness produced by alcohol and other drugs , or spiritual or meditative techniques .


In medicine , consciousness is assessed by observing a patient 's arousal and responsiveness , and can be seen as a continuum of states ranging from full alertness and comprehension , through disorientation , delirium , loss of meaningful communication , and finally loss of movement in response to painful stimuli .


Aristotle does not use any single word or terminology to name the phenomena ; it is used only much later , especially by John Locke .


René Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ) is generally taken to be the first philosopher to use " conscientia " in a way that does not fit this traditional meaning .


Although some philosophers , such as Daniel Dennett , have disputed the validity of this distinction , others have broadly accepted it .


David Chalmers has argued that A-consciousness can in principle be understood in mechanistic terms , but that understanding P-consciousness is much more challenging : he calls this the hard problem of consciousness .


Many other neuroscientists , such as Christof Koch , have explored the neural basis of consciousness without attempting to frame all-encompassing global theories .


Other thinkers , such as Douglas Hofstadter , dismiss this argument as incoherent .


In 1975 George Mandler published an influential psychological study which distinguished between slow , serial , and limited conscious processes and fast , parallel and extensive unconscious ones .


Daniel Dennett has argued for an approach he calls heterophenomenology , which means treating verbal reports as stories that may or may not be true , but his ideas about how to do this have not been widely adopted .


In the 1970 s Gordon Gallup developed an operational test for self-awareness , known as the mirror test .


Rodolfo Llinás , for example , proposed that consciousness results from recurrent thalamo-cortical resonance where the specific thalamocortical systems ( content ) and the non-specific ( centromedial thalamus ) thalamocortical systems ( context ) interact in the gamma band frequency via synchronous oscillations .


The prefrontal cortex is not the only candidate area , however : studies by Nikos Logothetis and his colleagues have shown , for example , that visually responsive neurons in parts of the temporal lobe reflect the visual perception in the situation when conflicting visual images are presented to different eyes ( i.e. , bistable percepts during binocular rivalry ) .


Damage to these cortical regions can lead to deficits in consciousness such as hemispatial neglect .


Thus the main portions of the theories of Crick and Koch , seems incompatible , since a structural homologue / analogue to the dendron has not been found in avian brains .


Another example has been proposed by Gerald Edelman called dynamic core hypothesis which puts emphasis on reentrant connections that reciprocally link areas of the brain in a massively parallel manner .


Peter Carruthers has put forth one such potential adaptive advantage gained by conscious creatures by suggesting that consciousness allows an individual to make distinctions between appearance and reality .


The most extensive study of the characteristics of altered states of consciousness was made by psychologist Charles Tart in the 1960 s and 1970 s .


This approach was first proposed by the philosopher Edmund Husserl , and later elaborated by other philosophers and scientists .


There are also some scientists who have expressed grave reservations about the idea that the brain forms representations of the outside world at all : influential members of this group include psychologist J. J. Gibson and roboticist Rodney Brooks , who both argued in favor of " intelligence without representation " .


The theory suggests that the brain in primary states such as rapid eye movement ( REM ) sleep , early psychosis and under the influence of psychedelic drugs , is in a disordered state ; normal waking consciousness constrains some of this freedom and makes possible metacognitive functions such as internal self-administered reality testing and self-awareness .


Medical conditions that inhibit consciousness are considered disorders of consciousness .


The most frequently occurring form is seen in people who have experienced a stroke damaging the parietal lobe in the right hemisphere of the brain , giving rise to a syndrome known as hemispatial neglect , characterized by an inability to direct action or attention toward objects located to the left with respect to their bodies .


An even more striking type of anosognosia is Anton–Babinski syndrome , a rarely occurring condition in which patients become blind but claim to be able to see normally , and persist in this claim in spite of all evidence to the contrary .


Although dozens of etymology suggestions have been published , this is the only etymology published before 1947 that was confirmed by Qumran text self-designation references , and it is gaining acceptance among scholars .


Another theory is that the name was borrowed from a cult of devotees to Artemis in Anatolia , whose demeanor and dress somewhat resembled those of the group in Judea .


This formed the basis of trade in the Fertile Crescent for over 1500 years .


It is not known what was used as a currency for these exchanges , but it is thought that ox-hide shaped ingots of copper , produced in Cyprus , may have functioned as a currency .


The manilla rings of West Africa were one of the currencies used from the 15th century onwards to sell slaves .


Polymer banknotes had already been introduced in the Isle of Man in 1983 .


The former currencies include the marks that used formerly in Germany and Finland .


Advocates such as Jane Jacobs argue that this enables an economically depressed region to pull itself up , by giving the people living there a medium of exchange that they can use to exchange services and locally produced goods ( in a broader sense , this is the original purpose of all money ) .


In 1982 , the Canadian Central Bank ’s lending rates ran up to 14 % which drove chartered bank lending rates as high as 19 % .


The following table are estimates of the 15 most frequently used currencies in world payments from 2012 to 2018 by SWIFT .


The shoot went much longer than expected ; Vinessa Shaw was initially contracted for two weeks but ended up working two months , while Alan Cumming , who appears in one scene , auditioned six times before the filming process .


In the latter case , exemplified by the Bulgarian National Bank , Hong Kong and Latvia ( until 2014 ) , the local currency is backed at a fixed rate by the central bank 's holdings of a foreign currency .


The People 's Bank of China retains ( and uses ) more powers over reserves because the yuan that it manages is a non-convertible currency .


The Bank of Japan used to apply such policy ( " window guidance " ) between 1962 and 1991 .


Robert Mundell 's " impossible trinity " is the most famous formulation of these limited powers , and postulates that it is impossible to target monetary policy ( broadly , interest rates ) , the exchange rate ( through a fixed rate ) and maintain free capital movement .


Even the People 's Bank of China has been accorded great latitude , though in China the official role of the bank remains that of a national bank rather than a central bank , underlined by the official refusal to " unpeg " the yuan or to revalue it " under pressure " .


Other cultures in Asia Minor later materialized their currencies in the form of gold and silver coins .


The Amsterdam Wisselbank was founded as a first institute in 1609 .


Further exchange banks were located in Hamburg , Venice and Nuremberg .


By 1935 , the only significant independent nation that did not possess a central bank was Brazil , which subsequently developed a precursor thereto in 1945 and the present Central Bank of Brazil twenty years later .


The People 's Bank of China evolved its role as a central bank starting in about 1979 with the introduction of market reforms , which accelerated in 1989 when the country adopted a generally capitalist approach to its export economy .


The United Kingdom does not follow this form as its central bank is the Bank of England ( which , despite its name , is the central bank of the United Kingdom as a whole ) .


Other central banks are known as monetary authorities such as the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority , Hong Kong Monetary Authority , Monetary Authority of Singapore , Maldives Monetary Authority and Cayman Islands Monetary Authority .


In rare cases , central banks are styled " state " banks such as the State Bank of Pakistan and State Bank of Vietnam .


Some state-owned commercial banks have names suggestive of central banks , even if they are not : examples are the State Bank of India and Central Bank of India .


The European Central Bank and the Bank of Japan whose economies are in or close to deflation , continue quantitative easing – buying securities to encourage more lending .


According to data compiled by Bloomberg News , the top 10 largest central banks owned $ 21.4 " trillion in assets , a 10 percent increase from 2015 .


It was proposed in 1948 by G M Clemence .


D Brouwer suggested the name ' ephemeris time ' .


Carl Wilhelm Scheele wrote a description of chlorine gas in 1774 , supposing it to be an oxide of a new element .


The other chlorine isotopes are all radioactive , with half-lives too short to occur in nature primordially .


A modified version of this solution continues to be employed in wound irrigation in modern times , where it remains effective against bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics ( see Century Pharmaceuticals ) .


As a disinfectant in water , chlorine is more than three times as effective against " Escherichia coli " as bromine , and more than six times as effective as iodine .


It is sometimes associated with hypoventilation .


It can be associated with chronic respiratory acidosis .


Reduction in blood chloride leads to cerebral dehydration ; symptoms are most often caused by rapid rehydration which results in cerebral edema .


The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has designated a recommended exposure limit of 0.5 ppm over 15 minutes .


Pure calcium was isolated in 1808 via electrolysis of its oxide by Humphry Davy , who named the element .


The first dated lime kiln dates back to 2500 " BC and was found in Khafajah , Mesopotamia .


Because of this relationship , calcium isotopic measurements of urine or blood may be useful in the early detection of metabolic bone diseases like osteoporosis .


This referred to Leslie Grantham , and his prison sentence for the murder of a taxi driver in an attempted robbery nearly 20 years earlier .


She was succeeded by Corinne Hollingworth .


Dominic Treadwell-Collins was appointed as the new executive producer on 19 August 2013 and was credited on 9 December .


Jon Sen was announced on 10 December 2018 to be taking on the role of executive producer .


Amsterdam ( December 1999 ) , Brighton ( 2001 ) and Portugal ( 2003 ) .


The final process was to add the audio which included background noise such as a train or a jukebox music and to check it met the BBC 's technical standard for broadcasting .


The show was presented by Angellica Bell and was available to digital viewers at 8:30 pm on Monday nights .


25 July 1985 was the first time the show 's viewership rose to first position in the weekly top 10 shows for BBC One .


On 21 September 2004 , Louise Berridge , the then executive producer , quit following criticism of the show .


In 1794 , Louis Nicolas Vauquelin received samples of crocoite ore .


Ingestion of chromium ( VI ) in water has been linked to stomach tumors , and it may also cause allergic contact dermatitis ( ACD ) .


Chromium content of food varies widely due to differences in soil mineral content , growing season , plant cultivar , and contamination during processing .


In Bangladesh , rivers in or downstream from industrialized areas exhibit heavy metal contamination .


Contact with products containing chromates can lead to allergic contact dermatitis and irritant dermatitis , resulting in ulceration of the skin , sometimes referred to as " chrome ulcers " .


In cities such as Damascus , Cairo and Istanbul , embroidery was visible on handkerchiefs , uniforms , flags , calligraphy , shoes , robes , tunics , horse trappings , slippers , sheaths , pouches , covers , and even on leather belts .


The house was owned by Brown University until 2016 .


Cadmium is created via the s-process in low - to medium-mass stars with masses of 0.6 " to 10 " solar masses , over thousands of years .


Metallic cadmium can be found in the Vilyuy River basin in Siberia .


Some plants such as willow trees and poplars have been found to clean both lead and cadmium from soil .


Cadmium is under preliminary research for its toxicity in humans , potentially affecting mechanisms and risks of cancer , cardiovascular disease , and osteoporosis .


The state of California requires a food label to carry a warning about potential exposure to cadmium on products such as cocoa powder .


His theories dominated psychiatry at the start of the 20th century and , despite the later psychodynamic influence of Sigmund Freud and his disciples , enjoyed a revival at century 's end .


What distinguishes each disease symptomatically ( as opposed to the underlying pathology ) is not any particular ( pathognomonic ) symptom or symptoms , but a specific pattern of symptoms .


Nevertheless , overlap between the diagnoses and neurological abnormalities ( when found ) have continued , and in fact a diagnostic category of schizoaffective disorder would be brought in to cover the intermediate cases .


Others , such as Gustav Aschaffenburg , argued for a varying combination of causes .


As a colleague of Alois Alzheimer , he was a co-discoverer of Alzheimer 's disease , and his laboratory discovered its pathological basis .


His publications included a focus on alcoholism , crime , degeneration and hysteria .


When introduced into the human body , curium accumulates in the bones , lungs and liver , where it promotes cancer .


Cm and Cm containing solutions to rats increased the incidence of bone tumor , and inhalation promoted pulmonary and liver cancer .


The element was named after the university and the state of California .


Every corporation incorporated in California must have a chairman of the board or a president ( or both ) , as well as a secretary and a chief financial officer .


Progressive education can be traced back to the works of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau , both of whom are known as forerunners of ideas that would be developed by theorists such as John Dewey .


John Dewey , a principal figure in this movement from the 1880 s to 1904 , set the tone for educational philosophy as well as concrete school reforms .


He implemented his ideas with the founding of Summerhill School in 1921 .


And LabCentral provides a shared laboratory facility for approximately 25 emerging biotech companies .


A post at Loughborough Grammar School followed in 1957 before he took up the position of senior Classics teacher at Corby Grammar School , Northamptonshire , in 1959 .


In the manner of Alfred Hitchcock , he also made a cameo appearance in almost all episodes .


The first electric synthesizer was invented in 1876 by Elisha Gray .


Composers using the instrument ultimately include Boulez , Honegger , Jolivet , Koechlin , Messiaen , Milhaud , Tremblay , and Varèse .


In 1929 Laurens Hammond established his company for the manufacture of electronic instruments .


French composer and engineer Edgard Varèse created a variety of compositions using electronic horns , whistles , and tape .


It used frequency modulation synthesis ( FM synthesis ) , first developed by John Chowning at Stanford University during the late sixties .


The Kurzweil K250 , first produced in 1983 , was also a successful polyphonic digital music synthesizer , noted for its ability to reproduce several instruments synchronously and having a velocity-sensitive keyboard .


Iannis Xenakis began what is called " musique stochastique , " or " stochastic music " , which is a method of composing that employs mathematical probability systems .


A paper was authored by Dave Smith of Sequential Circuits and proposed to the Audio Engineering Society in 1981 .


In 1966 , Reed Ghazala discovered and began to teach math " circuit bending " & mdash ; the application of the creative short circuit , a process of chance short-circuiting , creating experimental electronic instruments , exploring sonic elements mainly of timbre and with less regard to pitch or rhythm , and influenced by John Cage ’s aleatoric music concept .


The electrophore , invented by Johan Wilcke , was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity .


1485 ) by Diego de San Pedro , belongs to a tradition of novels in which a large number of inserted letters already dominated the narrative .


So did the diarist Fanny Burney in a successful comic first novel , " Evelina " ( 1788 ) .


Mary Shelley employs the epistolary form in her novel " Frankenstein " ( 1818 ) .


The term " Evidence-based medicine " was introduced in 1990 by Gordon Guyatt of McMaster University .


For example , between 2003 and 2017 , the evidence shifted on hundreds of medical practices , ranging from whether hormone replacement therapy was safe to whether babies should be given certain vitamins to whether antidepressant drugs are effective in people with Alzheimer 's disease .


In Singapore and India , this is known as a junior college .


In New South Wales , some high schools , especially multi-campus schools resulting from mergers , are known as " secondary colleges " .


In Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory , " college " refers to the final two years of high school ( years 11 and 12 ) , and the institutions which provide this .


In Ontario and Alberta , there are also institutions which are designated university colleges , as they only grant undergraduate degrees .


The Royal Military College of Canada is a military college which trains officers for the Canadian Armed Forces .


Presently in Portugal , the term " colégio " ( college ) is normally used as a generic reference to a private ( non-government ) school that provides from basic to secondary education .


In the context of secondary education , ' college ' is used in the names of some private schools , e.g. Eton College and Winchester College .


An exception is Vincennes University , Indiana , which is styled and chartered as a " university " even though almost all of its academic programs lead only to two-year associate degrees .


In 1996 , for example , Georgia changed all of its four-year institutions previously designated as colleges to universities , and all of its vocational technology schools to technical colleges .


One notable use of this design in higher levels is with the Pittsburgh Steelers , who kept their diagonal-line end zone decoration at Heinz Field after positive fan reaction .


He also established a close relationship with Vincenzo Gemito .


The Lindholmen College Campus was created in the early 1990 s and is located on the island Hisingen .


In Egypt , by the fifth century , the codex outnumbered the scroll by ten to one based on surviving examples .


A " calf " ( plural " calves " ) is a young domestic cattle .


Calves are reared to become adult cattle or are slaughtered for their meat , called veal , and hide .


This system is commonly used for rearing beef cattle throughout the world .


Purebred female calves of dairy cows are reared as replacement dairy cows .


Calf meat for human consumption is called veal , and is usually produced from the male calves of Dairy cattle .


He was a professor of mathematics at the Eindhoven University of Technology ( 1962 – 1984 ) and a research fellow at the Burroughs Corporation ( 1973 – 1984 ) .


In the mid 1970 s , David Parnas and others clarified the idea and showed how to apply it in software engineering principles .


Principles of modularity were strengthened by Larry Constantine 's concepts of coupling ( to be minimized between modules ) and cohesion ( to be maximized within modules ) , by David Parnas 's techniques of information hiding , and by abstract data types .


He also redressed the historical perspective left out of his 1965 paper by including the first known correct solution to the mutual exclusion problem , for two processes , due to Theodorus Dekker .


Soon after , Tony Hoare gave the problem its present formulation .


Leslie Lamport writes that this work " is probably why PODC exists " and it " started the field of concurrent and distributed algorithms " .


While growing up , he also worked as a messenger for the Western Union company .


His childhood hero was Thomas Edison , whom he later learned was a distant cousin .


In this fundamental work , he used tools in probability theory , developed by Norbert Wiener , which were in their nascent stages of being applied to communication theory at that time .


He is also considered the co-inventor of the first wearable computer along with Edward O. Thorp .


The essential oil of " Ocotea cymbarum " , for example , typically contains between 80 and 94 % safrole .


Some researchers such as David Nutt have criticized the current scheduling of MDMA , which he determines to be a relatively harmless drug .


The norms of tolerance , reciprocity , and trust are important " habits of the heart , " as de Tocqueville put it , in an individual 's involvement in community .


In Canada , colleges are adult educational institutions that provide higher education and tertiary education , and grant certificates and diplomas .


In the Philippines , a community school functions as elementary or secondary school at daytime and towards the end of the day convert into a community college .


In the United States , community colleges , sometimes called junior colleges , technical colleges , two-year colleges , or city colleges , are primarily two-year public institutions providing lower-level tertiary education , also known as continuing education .


The memorial is sponsored by the Southern Poverty Law Center .


Other symbolic interpretations have been offered based on the account of its design by Paul M. Levy .


Their arrangement in a circle represents the constellation of Corona Borealis and can be seen as a crown and the stability of government .


Similar uses were reported from Moldova .


The original logo of the European Broadcasting Union used the twelve stars on a blue background adding ray beams to connect the countries .


In response , Greenpeace projected an image of the flag onto the castle and attempted to fly the flag from the building themselves .


Extraordinary flying of the flag is common on Europe Day , celebrated annually on 9 May .


It is also defaced with the initials of the former Western European Union in two languages .


This is because the latter was historically used to diagnose psychiatric disorders ( e.g. transvestic fetishism ) , but the former was coined by the transgender community .


In 1928 Havelock Ellis used the two terms , " cross-dressing " and " transvestism " , interchangeably .


For example , Margaret King cross-dressed in the early nineteenth century to attend medical school , as none would accept female students .


A transvestic fetishist is a person who cross-dresses as part of a sexual fetish .


According to the fourth edition of " Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders " , this fetishism was limited to heterosexual men ; however , DSM-5 does not have this restriction , and opens it to women and men , regardless of their sexual orientation .


Marlene Dietrich in a tuxedo was considered very erotic ; Jack Lemmon in a dress was considered ridiculous .


Following the work of Butler , gender proceeds along through ritualized performances , but in male cross-dressing it becomes a performative " breaking " of the masculine and a " subversive repetition " of the feminine .


Character comics such as Benny Hill and Dick Emery drew upon several female identities .


He remained in correspondence with his schoolmate from there , Mary Leadbeater , the daughter of the school 's owner , throughout his life .


This circle also included David Garrick , Oliver Goldsmith and Joshua Reynolds .


The third Secretary of State and the Board of Trade were abolished and pensions were limited and regulated .


Price claimed that the principles of the Glorious Revolution included " the right to choose our own governors , to cashier them for misconduct , and to frame a government for ourselves " .


Edward Gibbon reacted differently : " I adore his chivalry " .


In 1865 , a deputation led by George Ward Hunt proposed the idea of a tunnel to the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the day , William Ewart Gladstone .


Military fears continued during the Second World War .


On 23 and 30 June 2015 , striking workers associated with MyFerryLink damaged the sections of track by burning car tires , leading to all trains being cancelled and a backlog of vehicles .


Nine migrants from Eritrea have been arrested in connection with this incident .


The economic and technological state of Japan is a regular theme in the Cyberpunk literature of the ' 80 s .


The term was quickly appropriated as a label to be applied to the works of William Gibson , Bruce Sterling , Pat Cadigan and others .


In Japan , where cosplay is popular and not only teenagers display such fashion styles , cyberpunk has been accepted and its influence is widespread .


Early adherents included Timothy Leary , Mark Frauenfelder and R. U. Sirius .


The Kowloon Walled City in Hong Kong ( demolished in 1994 ) is often referenced as the model cyberpunk / dystopian slum as , given its poor living conditions at the time coupled with the city 's political , physical , and economic isolation has caused many in academia to be fascinated by the ingenuity of its spawning .


Paul Di Filippo is seen as the most prominent biopunk writer , including his half-serious ribofunk .


In addition , some people consider works such as Neal Stephenson 's " The Diamond Age " to be postcyberpunk .


Because " comic " strips are not always funny , cartoonist Will Eisner has suggested that " sequential art " would be a better genre-neutral name .


Historically , mathematicians who favored a " rich " and " large " universe of sets were against CH , while those favoring a " neat " and " controllable " universe favored CH. Parallel arguments were made for and against the axiom of constructibility , which implies CH. More recently , Matthew Foreman has pointed out that ontological maximalism can actually be used to argue in favor of CH , because among models that have the same reals , models with " more " sets of reals have a better chance of satisfying CH .


A difficult argument against CH developed by W. Hugh Woodin has attracted considerable attention since the year 2000 .


Like CH , GCH is also independent of ZFC , but Sierpiński proved that ZF + GCH implies the axiom of choice ( AC ) ( and therefore the negation of the axiom of determinacy , AD ) , so choice and GCH are not independent in ZF ; there are no models of ZF in which GCH holds and AC fails .


He took a major part in several important international missions in the Middle East and North Africa .


The third one is the People 's Party , classified as right or extreme right .


Finally , the Worker 's Party of Belgium is an electoral and unitary party .


The only parliamentary party that is vocally Eurosceptic is the Human Shield that won 5 out of 151 seats at the 2016 parliamentary election , .


The Alternative Democratic Reform Party is a soft Eurosceptic party .


Soft Eurosceptic views are represented in Slovak National Party , New Majority and Freedom and Solidarity .


We Are Family took just over 3 % and no seats .


It has subsequently declared its aspirations towards Russia .


A referendum was held in the landlocked microstate on 20 October 2013 in which the citizens were asked whether the country should submit an application to join the European Union .


The first known recorded explanation of cryptanalysis was given by Al-Kindi ( c .


It was built to create a navigable water route from New York City and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes .


Close to the seacoast , rivers often provided adequate waterways , but the Appalachian Mountains , inland , running over long as a barrier range with just five places where mule trains or wagon roads could be routed , presented a great challenge .


James Geddes and Benjamin Wright , who laid out the route , were judges whose experience in surveying was in settling boundary disputes .


The construction and operation of two sets of five locks there soon gave rise to the community of Lockport .


Chicanx activists organized against the Gulf War ( 1990 – 91 ) .


This may result in abusive behavior , the development of an impenetrable " cold " persona , alcohol abuse , and other destructive and self-isolating behaviors .


The “ eth - ” prefix and the qualifier “ ethyl ” in “ ethyl alcohol ” originally come from the name “ ethyl ” assigned in 1834 to the group − by Justus Liebig .


The use of “ alcohol ” for ethanol ( in full , “ alcohol of wine ” ) is modern , first recorded 1753 , and by the later 18th century referred to “ any sublimated substance ” ; “ distilled spirit ” used for “ the spirit of wine ” ( shortened from a full expression " the spirit of " " alcohol of wine " ) .


Liquid preparations of pain medications , cough and cold medicines , and mouth washes , for example , may contain up to 25 % ethanol and may need to be avoided in individuals with adverse reactions to ethanol such as alcohol-induced respiratory reactions .


Cannabis oil extraction methods often use ethanol as an extraction solvent , and also as a post-processing solvent to remove oils , waxes , and chlorophyll from solution in a process known as winterization .


Auto-brewery syndrome , also known as gut fermentation syndrome , is a rare medical condition in which intoxicating quantities of ethanol are produced through endogenous fermentation within the digestive system .


CO can be reduced by hydrogen to produce ethanol , acetic acid , and smaller amounts of 2,3 - butanediol and lactic acid using " Clostridium ljungdahlii " , " Clostridium autoethanogenum " or " Moorella " sp. HUC22 - 1 .


In a system developed at Delft University of Technology , a copper nanowire array used as a cathode adsorbs molecules of carbon dioxide and reduced intermediate species such as CO and COH .


Toxicity of ethanol to yeast limits the ethanol concentration obtainable by brewing ; higher concentrations , therefore , are obtained by fortification or distillation .


In brewing beer , this has traditionally been accomplished by allowing the grain to germinate , or malt , which produces the enzyme amylase .


Apart from distillation , ethanol may be dried by addition of a desiccant , such as molecular sieves , cellulose , and cornmeal .


Synthetic zeolite in pellet form can be used , as well as a variety of plant-derived absorbents , including cornmeal , straw , and sawdust .


The population of the archipelago is mostly concentrated in the two capital islands : around 43 % on the island of Tenerife and 40 % on the island of Gran Canaria .


Those islands such as El Hierro , La Palma and La Gomera lying to the west of the archipelago have a climate which is influenced by the moist Canary Current .


In terms of its climate Tenerife is particularly interesting .


The island rises to almost above sea level , and at altitude , in the cool relatively wet climate , forests of the endemic pine " Pinus canariensis " thrive .


There also exists a subtropical humid climate which is very influenced by the ocean in the middle of the islands of La Gomera , Tenerife and La Palma , where the laurisilva forests grow .


From the 14th " century onward , numerous visits were made by sailors from Majorca , Portugal and Genoa .


The most severe attack took place in 1599 , during the Dutch Revolt .


A new cash crop , cochineal ( " cochinilla " ) , came into cultivation during this time , saving the islands ' economy .


He joined the military revolt of 17 July which began the Spanish Civil War .


The capital is Arrecife , with 56,834 inhabitants .


Fish species found in the islands include many species of shark , ray , moray eel , bream , jack , grunt , scorpionfish , triggerfish , grouper , goby , and blenny .


In addition , there are many invertebrate species , including sponge , jellyfish , anemone , crab , mollusc , sea urchin , starfish , sea cucumber and coral .


There are a total of five different species of marine turtle that are sighted periodically in the islands , the most common of these being the endangered loggerhead sea turtle .


The other four are the green sea turtle , hawksbill sea turtle , leatherback sea turtle and Kemp 's ridley sea turtle .


Since 1999 , he has recorded a number of traditional blues and blues rock albums and hosted the periodic Crossroads Guitar Festival .


The 1975 album " There 's One in Every Crowd " continued this trend .


The band toured the world and subsequently released the 1975 live LP " E. C. Was Here " .


He married Pattie Boyd in 1979 , but their marriage was marred by his infidelities and domestic violence .


In the past , the etiology of a common sailor 's disease , scurvy , was long unknown .


Based on his suspicion , he forced his crew to eat sauerkraut , a cabbage preparation , every day , and based upon the positive outcomes , he inferred that it prevented scurvy , even though he did not know precisely why .


It took about another two hundred years to discover the precise etiology : the lack of vitamin C in a sailor 's diet .


After this time , some patients gradually come out of the coma , some progress to a vegetative state , and others die .


For example , after four months of coma caused by brain damage , the chance of partial recovery is less than 15 % , and the chance of full recovery is very low .


The most common cause of death for a person in a vegetative state is secondary infection such as pneumonia , which can occur in patients who lie still for extended periods .


It is common for coma patients to awaken in a profound state of confusion and suffer from dysarthria , the inability to articulate any speech .


After 19 years in a minimally conscious state , Terry Wallis spontaneously began speaking and regained awareness of his surroundings .


His injuries left him in a minimally conscious state ( MCS ) , a condition akin to a coma but characterized by occasional , but brief , evidence of environmental and self-awareness that coma patients lack .


It is inspired by H. P. Lovecraft 's short story " The Call of Cthulhu " .


Several reviews of various editions appeared in " White Dwarf " .


The Oriental Orthodox Churches affirm the ideas of apostolic succession and episcopal government .


This system developed gradually from a more presbyterian polity ( Joseph Smith 's original title in 1830 was " First Elder " ) for pragmatic and doctrinal reasons , reaching a full episcopacy during the Nauvoo period ( 1839 – 1846 ) .


John Cabot reportedly visited the island in 1497 .


These settlements lasted only one generation , until Nicolas Denys left in 1659 .


Its first Lieutenant-Governor was Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres ( 1784 – 1787 ) and his successor was William Macarmick ( 1787 ) .


From 1799 to 1807 , the military commandant was John Despard , brother of Edward .


The famous murder of William Davis by strike breakers , and the seizing of the New Waterford power plant by striking miners led to a major union sentiment that persists to this day in some circles .


William Davis Miners ' Memorial Day is celebrated in coal mining towns to commemorate the deaths of miners at the hands of the coal companies .


The Cabot Trail scenic highway also encircles the plateau 's coastal perimeter .


What was once a " Hollywood " effect is now available for under $ 400 .


His influence grew considerably during and after the Enlightenment , profoundly impacting the ideas of major thinkers , including John Locke , Thomas Jefferson , Jeremy Bentham , and Karl Marx .


Bronius Kutavičius composed in 1998 " Epitaphium temporum pereunti " .


In the late 1990 s , a unique epitaph was flown to the moon along with the ashes of geologist and planetary scientist Eugene Shoemaker .


For example , T. M. Scanlon advances the idea that human rights , which are commonly considered a " deontological " concept , can only be justified with reference to the consequences of having those rights .


In summary , Jeremy Bentham states that people are driven by their interests and their fears , but their interests take precedence over their fears ; their interests are carried out in accordance with how people view the consequences that might be involved with their interests .


John Stuart Mill , in his exposition of hedonistic utilitarianism , proposed a hierarchy of pleasures , meaning that the pursuit of certain kinds of pleasure is more highly valued than the pursuit of other pleasures .


However , some contemporary utilitarians , such as Peter Singer , are concerned with maximizing the satisfaction of preferences , hence " preference utilitarianism " .


For example , Robert Nozick held that a certain set of minimal rules , which he calls " side-constraints , " are necessary to ensure appropriate actions .


Some , like Henry Sidgwick , argue that a certain degree of egoism " promotes " the general welfare of society for two reasons : because individuals know how to please themselves best , and because if everyone were an austere altruist then general welfare would inevitably decrease .


John Rawls , a critic of utilitarianism , argues that utilitarianism , in common with other forms of consequentialism , relies on the perspective of such an ideal observer .


Thus , in an agent-focused account , such as one that Peter Railton outlines , the agent might be concerned with the general welfare , but the agent is " more " concerned with the immediate welfare of herself and her friends and family .


Jeremy Bentham , who is regarded as the founder of utilitarianism , argues that animals can experience pleasure and pain , thus demanding that ' non-human animals ' should be a serious object of moral concern .


More recently , Peter Singer has argued that it is unreasonable that we do not give equal consideration to the interests of animals as to those of human beings when we choose the way we are to treat them .


For example , Philippa Foot argues that consequences in themselves have no ethical content , unless it has been provided by a virtue such as benevolence .


The " ultimate end " is a concept in the moral philosophy of Max Weber , in which individuals act in a faithful , rather than rational , manner .


Ovid wrote in his " Heroides " that " Exitus acta probat " ( " The result justifies the deed " ) .


Authors whose epigrams survive include Catullus , who wrote both invectives and love epigrams & ndash ; his poem 85 is one of the latter .


The novelist George Eliot also included couplets throughout her writings .


These were originally labelled epigrams but later identified as image cinquains in the style of Adelaide Crapsey .


The modern system of near-universal national conscription for young men dates to the French Revolution in the 1790 s , where it became the basis of a very large and powerful military .


On more than one occasion , they seized power , for example , ruling Egypt from 1250 to 1517 .


Due to a shortfall in the army of some 5500 soldiers , parts of the current ruling coalition have expressed their support for the return of mandatory military service , most notably Krasimir Karakachanov .


The inhabitants of the demilitarized Åland Islands are exempt from military service .


Since 1914 , Greece has had a period of mandatory military service lasting 9 months for men between the ages of 16 and 45 .


In more recent years , conscription was associated with the state of general mobilisation declared on July 20 , 1974 due to the crisis in Cyprus ( the mobilisation was formally ended on December 18 , 2002 ) .


Since 2009 , Greece has mandatory military service of 9 months for male citizens between the ages of 19 and 45 .


The cervix has been documented anatomically since at least the time of Hippocrates , over 2,000 years ago .


During vaginal childbirth , the cervix must flatten and dilate to allow the fetus to progress along the birth canal .


These changes are also accompanied by changes in cervical mucus , The cervix grows in size at a smaller rate than the body of the uterus , so the relative size of the cervix over time decreases , decreasing from being much larger than the body of the uterus in fetal life , twice as large during childhood , and decreasing to its adult size , smaller than the uterus , after puberty .


As the fetus descends within the uterus in preparation for birth , the presenting part , usually the head , rests on and is supported by the cervix .


A result of dysplasia is usually further investigated , such as by taking a cone biopsy , which may also remove the cancerous lesion .


Inflammation of the cervix is referred to as cervicitis .


When associated with the ectocervix , inflammation may be caused by the herpes simplex virus .


Thus the adjective " cervical " may refer either to the neck ( as in " cervical vertebrae " or " cervical lymph nodes " ) or to the uterine cervix ( as in " cervical cap " or " cervical cancer " ) .


Furthermore , it introduced further inconsistencies , partly because of the use of typesetters trained abroad , particularly in the Low Countries .


Interprocedural analysis and optimizations are common in modern commercial compilers from HP , IBM , SGI , Intel , Microsoft , and Sun Microsystems .


The voice is produced by castration of the singer before puberty , or it occurs in one who , due to an endocrinological condition , never reaches sexual maturity .


Prepubescent castration for this purpose diminished greatly in the late 18th century and was made illegal in the Papal States , the last to prohibit them , in 1870 .


There are , though , records of some young boys asking to be operated on to preserve their voices ( e.g. Caffarelli , who was from a wealthy family : his grandmother gave him the income from two vineyards to pay for his studies ) .


His successors have included such singers as Enrico Tamberlik , Jean de Reszke , Francesco Tamagno , Enrico Caruso , Giovanni Martinelli , Beniamino Gigli , Jussi Björling , Franco Corelli and Luciano Pavarotti , among others .


High-pitched singer Jordan Smith has demonstrated having more of a tenorial chest register .


Actor and singer Alex Newell has soprano range .


Famed agriculture professor George Washington Carver was also reputed to have been castrated and had a high , childlike voice and stunted growth even in adulthood .


Six of the states using the EC $ are independent states : Antigua and Barbuda , Dominica , Grenada , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines .


Queen Elizabeth II appears on the banknotes and also on the obverse of the coins .


A few years later copper fractional dollars were coined for Mauritius , Sierra Leone , and the British West Indies .


The United Kingdom was now operating a very successful gold standard in relation to the gold sovereign that was introduced in 1816 , and there was a desire to extend this system to the colonies .


It succeeded in Jamaica , Bermuda , and British Honduras because the authorities in those territories set aside the official ratings and used the more realistic rating of $ 1 = 4 shillings .


In the years immediately following 1873 , there was a fear that the British West Indies might return to a silver standard .


In 2003 , RSA Security claimed that 1024-bit keys were likely to become crackable some time between 2006 and 2010 , while 2048-bit keys are sufficient until 2030 .


It may be useful in treating gastroparesis due to this promotility effect .


More serious side effects include arrhythmia with prolonged QT intervals , including " torsades de pointes " , and reversible deafness .


Cholestasis , Stevens–Johnson syndrome , and toxic epidermal necrolysis are some other rare side effects that may occur .


Studies have shown evidence both for and against the association of pyloric stenosis and exposure to erythromycin prenatally and postnatally .


It can also affect the central nervous system , causing psychotic reactions , nightmares , and night sweats .


A noted drug interaction involves erythromycin and simvastatin , resulting in increased simvastatin levels and the potential for rhabdomyolysis .


Another group of CYP3A4 substrates are drugs used for migraine such as ergotamine and dihydroergotamine ; their adverse effects may be more pronounced if erythromycin is associated .


Earlier case reports on sudden death prompted a study on a large cohort that confirmed a link between erythromycin , ventricular tachycardia , and sudden cardiac death in patients also taking drugs that prolong the metabolism of erythromycin ( like verapamil or diltiazem ) by interfering with CYP3A4 .


Originally , it was designed to treat depression , but its uses have been expanded to include treatment of a number of mental health conditions , including anxiety .


Some research suggests that CBT is most effective when combined with medication for treating mental disorders such as Major Depressive Disorder .


In addition , CBT is recommended as the first line of treatment for the majority of psychological disorders in children and adolescents , including aggression and conduct disorder .


Stoic philosophers , particularly Epictetus , believed logic could be used to identify and discard false beliefs that lead to destructive emotions , which has influenced the way modern cognitive-behavioral therapists identify cognitive distortions that contribute to depression and anxiety .


Groundbreaking work of behaviorism began with John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner 's studies of conditioning in 1920 .


Behaviorally-centered therapeutic approaches appeared as early as 1924 with Mary Cover Jones ' work dedicated to the unlearning of fears in children .


These were the antecedents of the development of Joseph Wolpe 's behavioral therapy in the 1950 s .


One of the first therapists to address cognition in psychotherapy was Alfred Adler with his notion of basic mistakes and how they contributed to creation of unhealthy or useless behavioral and life goals .


Around the same time that rational emotive therapy , as it was known then , was being developed , Aaron T. Beck was conducting free association sessions in his psychoanalytic practice .


In children or adolescents , CBT is an effective part of treatment plans for anxiety disorders , body dysmorphic disorder , depression and suicidality , eating disorders and obesity , obsessive–compulsive disorder ( OCD ) , and posttraumatic stress disorder , as well as tic disorders , trichotillomania , and other repetitive behavior disorders .


According to the study , CBT was effective at treating schizophrenia , depression , bipolar disorder , panic disorder , post-traumatic stress , anxiety disorders , bulimia , anorexia , personality disorders and alcohol dependency .


Emerging evidence suggests a possible role for CBT in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) ; hypochondriasis ; coping with the impact of multiple sclerosis ; sleep disturbances related to aging ; dysmenorrhea ; and bipolar disorder , but more study is needed and results should be interpreted with caution .


CBT can have a therapeutic effects on easing symptoms of anxiety and depression in people with Alzheimer 's disease .


CBT has been studied as an aid in the treatment of anxiety associated with stuttering .


In the case of people with metastatic breast cancer , data is limited but CBT and other psychosocial interventions might help with psychological outcomes and pain management .


CBT has been shown to be moderately effective for treating chronic fatigue syndrome .


One etiological theory of depression is Aaron T. Beck 's cognitive theory of depression .


In long-term psychoses , CBT is used to complement medication and is adapted to meet individual needs .


CBT is also used for pathological and problem gambling .


SCBT also builds on core CBT philosophy by incorporating other well-known modalities in the fields of behavioral health and psychology : most notably , Albert Ellis 's rational emotive behavior therapy .


The UP has been shown to produce equivalent results to single-diagnosis protocols for specific disorders , such as OCD and social anxiety disorder .


Pooled data from published trials of CBT in schizophrenia , major depressive disorder ( MDD ) , and bipolar disorder that used controls for non-specific effects of intervention were analyzed .


All its trains travel through the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France , owned and operated separately by Getlink .


The only intermediate calling station in the Netherlands is Rotterdam Centraal and trains terminate at Amsterdam Centraal .


An " equinox " is commonly regarded as the instant of time when the plane ( extended indefinitely in all directions ) of Earth 's equator passes through the geometric center of the Sun 's disk .


They both benefited from the instruction of the noted mathematics teacher László Rátz .


These colloquia featured such luminaries as Max Planck , Max von Laue , Rudolf Ladenburg , Werner Heisenberg , Walther Nernst , Wolfgang Pauli , and Albert Einstein .


He also delved into the group theory of Ferdinand Frobenius and Eduard Ritter von Weber .


A bronze tomahawk with a blade of meteoric iron excavated near the city of Gaocheng in Shijiazhuang ( now Hebei province ) has been dated to the 14th century BC .


According to ancient records , the dynasty ended around 1600 BC as a consequence of the Battle of Mingtiao .


The final ( and most important ) move was to Yin in around 1300 BC which led to the dynasty 's golden age .


As neighboring territories of these warring states , including areas of modern Sichuan and Liaoning , were annexed , they were governed under the new local administrative system of commandery and prefecture .


This was compounded by mass flooding of the Yellow River ; silt buildup caused it to split into two channels and displaced large numbers of farmers .


However , the massive invasions of the Korean Peninsula during the Goguryeo–Sui War failed disastrously , triggering widespread revolts that led to the fall of the dynasty .


Chang'an ( modern Xi'an ) , the national capital , was the largest city in the world during its time .


The sack of the southern port Guangzhou in 879 was followed by the massacre of most of its inhabitants , along with the large foreign merchant enclaves .


By 881 , both capitals , Luoyang and Chang'an , fell successively .


Consequently , the fall of the dynasty following Zhu Wen 's usurpation led to an era of division .


In 1127 , Kaifeng was sacked , a massive catastrophe known as the Jingkang Incident , ending the Northern Song dynasty .


With prosperous economic activities , the historically first use of paper currency emerged in the western city of Chengdu , as a supplement to the existing copper coins .


There was court intrigue between the political reformers and conservatives , led by the chancellors Wang Anshi and Sima Guang , respectively .


The same year his northern expedition army captured the capital Khanbaliq .


Large urban centers , such as Nanjing and Beijing , also contributed to the growth of private industry .


In total , the Qing conquest of the Ming ( 1618 – 1683 ) cost as many as 25 million lives .


They were inspired by an emerging public opinion formed by intellectuals such as Liang Qichao and the revolutionary ideas of Sun Yat-sen .


and in 1820 the eminent engineer Thomas Telford became its first president .


The United States Geological Survey estimates that , since 1900 , there have been an average of 18 major earthquakes ( magnitude 7.0 – 7.9 ) and one great earthquake ( magnitude 8.0 or greater ) per year , and that this average has been relatively stable .


With the rapid growth of mega-cities such as Mexico City , Tokyo and Tehran in areas of high seismic risk , some seismologists are warning that a single quake may claim the lives of up to three million people .


By such analyses of seismograms the Earth 's core was located in 1913 by Beno Gutenberg .


The aftermath may bring disease , lack of basic necessities , mental consequences such as panic attacks , depression to survivors , and higher insurance premiums .


The prehistoric mound settlements were abandoned before the Bronze Age .


The site was first excavated by James Mellaart in 1958 .


These excavations revealed this section of Anatolia as a centre of advanced culture in the Neolithic period .


After this scandal , the site lay idle until 1993 , when investigations began under the leadership of Ian Hodder , then at the University of Cambridge .


These investigations are among the most ambitious excavation projects currently in progress according to archaeologist Colin Renfrew , among others .


Predominant images include men with erect phalluses , hunting scenes , red images of the now extinct aurochs ( wild cattle ) and stags , and vultures swooping down on headless figures .


The most recent investigations also reveal little social distinction based on gender , with men and women receiving equivalent nutrition and seeming to have equal social status , as typically found in Paleolithic cultures .


Earlier , emperors resided in Kyoto ( the ancient capital ) for nearly eleven centuries .


The Emperor 's Birthday ( currently 23 February ) is a national holiday .


The emperor is also not the commander-in-chief of the Japan Self-Defense Forces .


The term " tennō " was used by the emperors up until the Middle Ages ; then , following a period of disuse , it was used again from the 19th century .


On January 20 , 2006 , Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi devoted part of his annual keynote speech to the controversy , pledging to submit a bill allowing women to ascend the throne to ensure that the succession continues in the future in a stable manner .


He also played football for non-League club Fleet .


He spent the summer of that year touring Essex and Somerset on a bicycle , explaining the act at public meetings .


The vast majority of the party 's senior figures , including the Leader Arthur Henderson , lost their seats .


The Bank of England and civil aviation were nationalised in 1946 .


The government was less successful in housing , which was the responsibility of Aneurin Bevan .


1947 proved a particularly difficult year for the government ; an exceptionally cold winter that year caused coal mines to freeze and cease production , creating widespread power cuts and food shortages .


Later that year , Hugh Dalton resigned as Chancellor after inadvertently leaking details of the budget to a journalist .


He attended Winston Churchill 's funeral in January 1965 .


He was cremated and his ashes were buried at Westminster Abbey .


The journalist and broadcaster Anthony Howard called him " the greatest Prime Minister of the 20th century " .


He appears to have been acquainted with the poet Marcus Furius Bibaculus .


He spent the provincial command year summer 57 to summer 56 BC in Bithynia on the staff of the commander Gaius Memmius .


He began to study medicine at Guy 's Hospital but left without completing his degree .


For a time the concept was of one empire ruled by multiple emperors with varying territory under their control , however following the death of Theodosius I the rule was divided between his two sons and increasingly became separate entities .


( The city is more commonly called Constantinople and is today named Istanbul ) .


The last emperor to be crowned by the pope was Charles V ; all emperors after him were technically " emperors-elect " , but were universally referred to as " Emperor " .


In 1801 , George III rejected the title of Emperor when offered .


After his death he was succeeded by his son Frederick III who was only emperor for 99 days .


The last " shahanshah " ( Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ) was ousted in 1979 following the Iranian Revolution .


The last shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu resigned in 1868 .


The line of emperors came to an end with Bảo Đại , who was deposed after the war , although he later served as head of state of South Vietnam from 1949 - 55 .


John Locke is sometimes considered the founder of this form .


The cultural theory of risk holds egalitarianism , with fatalism termed as its opposite , This is by definition a form of anarchist equality as referred to by Alexander Berkman .


On 11 May the Privy Council ordered the arrest of those responsible for the libels .


An " expert witness " , particularly in common law countries such as the United Kingdom , Australia , and the United States , is a person whose opinion by virtue of education , training , certification , skills or experience , is accepted by the judge as an expert .