National/Cultural Factors


## Three type of Wealth (by OECD)
> - Material Wealth

> - Social Wealth

> - Psychological Wealth

 SWB Psychological Wealth, Korea only has Material Wealth of these three (by statistics)

### Social Wealth of Korea
almost last of OECD - low 'can count on other's factor' and 'feel respected''
→ Economic, objective life conditions do NOTfully explain national differences in happiness
**Rich country is happy, but it has exception by social wealth - **ex. north-east Asia low and mid-south America is high
> political object statistics ex. north Korea
> Cation : Bangladesh Bhutan is not happy (statistics coincidence)
> happiness is not index of Utopia ex. Venezuela politic


## Culture
**Culture = Air** - culture influences each and every phase of SWB, but usually difficult to notice
**defined happiness - **Buddihism "this is happiness"** can't give happiness**
So What cultural factors are particularly relevant?

# Individualism <-> Collectivism
**most important part of cultural factor**
Whether individual values are fully respected and valued (become a “statue”) or considered after the ideals, goals of the group (Nordic taboo)
![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fc9e46cf7-e5b5-49ce-8806-0d5fc9279b65%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=f1c2f241-0ae6-43cf-bbb9-34c2cb6d799b&cache=v2)
> - income - do not has effect to incomehas effect to rights
> - rights - has correlation with happiness
> - equality - has correlation with SWB
> - individualism - increase happinesshas effect to income direction onlyhas effect to rights and equality both

> ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Ffbf6ae22-54a7-4865-81c3-811929d80e39%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=f31a369c-a501-4a4f-89d6-2fe4ab715d9f&cache=v2)

### Nordic taboo - evaluate other life
collectivism is good system to react to crisis but cost is individual happiness

# Self-view
> Similar contrast in Fundamental views about the self

> - interdependent self-view (Collectivism)
> - independent self-view (individualism)

**Need Free expressions of emotion & personal belief, AND greater understanding by others - right/wrong decisions by the person (not authority)**


### Self schema
> - self has clear boundary between self and friend in I
> - all individual has clear boundary
> - respect individual ***internal attribute*** property
>> stranger E out-group, self and friend E in-group and all three is individual
> 

> - self and friend boundary is unclear and close distance
> - but group has clear boundary
> - share individual ***internal attribute*** property
> 

> summary : like week tie is important, independent individual is important, so ***sense of personal freedom ***so to maintain happiness do not revise judgment by other's opinion
> 

> ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2F669b33f8-53da-4677-92c4-0f186bfa0cbb%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=ba199209-7d58-443c-ab07-318a51a32ac3&cache=v2)

> proper physical distance is flexible, but if it is broken, very disturbing - Edward Hall


# Judgment of i'm happy
human use heuristic cue to judgment of happiness and cues are like this

> - mood at individualism 
> More individualistic cultures “look” primarily into their inner emotions
> - norm at collectivism
> other effect my think - just do enjoy
> 
> 

> ![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fd34ca744-0a2a-4c25-bbfd-686afa7254e7%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=4202aa6a-f5b8-46d1-97ce-572a04c665ec&cache=v2)

**Other’s view matters when the relational self is primed**
relational(personal) self makes self- view changing - so **culture is chronic primer**
> relational self <-> independent self


![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fe2b4f8e8-285a-4e69-98d0-7e036e3d0a2d%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=c94fe306-03df-4a72-975b-86df7186bba5&cache=v2)
**in relational self both important but collectivism chronic primer**

# Collective well-being
Some aspects of individualism (competition, focus on personal achievement) do not raise happiness
**collective self -** self-conceptions based on one’s membership in groups or social categories

### **National Satisfaction** 
more important in poor than rich countries - emphasizing 'group' happiness
<details><summary>

**turade-offs**</summary>

- more forceful norms
- less acceptance of individuals 'outside' the group
- more corruption (to please group)
</details>

# Other National dimensions
### Power distance (PD) Acceptance(extend)
PD acceptance degree to that power is distributed unequally
Korea is high power country - high power individuals advice, interference frequently

### Uncertainty Avoidance (UA)
degree of society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity
Korea has high - make strict law, rules and regulation - **Make social standards (ex. clothes , trend)**

## Open society - social factors
![](https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fsecure.notion-static.com%2Fc38367f4-4c96-466e-99ec-846b2ccd56a5%2FUntitled.png?table=block&id=e99d64bc-5721-4a57-be0f-47e911ed312c&cache=v2)
**trust **is important in happiness (denmark is strong individualism and trust)
**non-materialism - **also important
**Freedom - "glue" between economy & SWB**

# Summary
### key feature - freedom, less formality, law corruption, strong social trust
other people should be joy, pleasure - not fear, anxiety



