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README.md
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- biology
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- finance
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- legal
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pretty_name:
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size_categories:
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features:
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- name: id
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dtype: string
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- name: doi
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dtype: string
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- name: title
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dtype: string
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- name: publication_year
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dtype: int64
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- name: cited_by_count
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dtype: int64
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- name: is_oa
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dtype: bool
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- name: type
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dtype: string
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- name: abstract
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dtype: string
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_examples: 174000000
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---
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# 🎓 OpenAlex: The World's Scholarly Knowledge Graph
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<center>
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<img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/6749e82a5d3c9fa088c5da9f/q2V8CvbQNrHE_bZNNxGJb.png" alt="OpenAlex: Open access to the global research system" width="600">
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</center>
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> **174M scholarly works** from the world's largest open bibliographic database
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**OpenAlex Homepage:** https://openalex.org
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**API Documentation:** https://docs.openalex.org
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**Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.01833
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## What is OpenAlex?
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🎓 **OpenAlex** is a free and open catalog of the global research system, containing metadata for **250M+ scholarly works**, **90M+ authors**, **120K+ venues**, and **100K+ institutions**. Named after the ancient Library of Alexandria, it serves as the successor to Microsoft Academic Graph.
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This Hugging Face dataset provides a streamlined subset of **174M scholarly works** with rich metadata, making it easy to:
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- 📊 Analyze research trends across disciplines
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- 🔗 Build citation networks and knowledge graphs
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- 🤖 Train models for academic text understanding
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- 🔍 Develop scholarly search and recommendation systems
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## Dataset Overview
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### Quick Stats
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- **174M scholarly works** (papers, books, datasets, etc.)
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- **Multi-disciplinary coverage**: Medicine, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Computer Science, Social Sciences, and more
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- **Rich metadata**: Titles, abstracts, authors, institutions, citations, concepts, and open access status
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- **Time span**: Publications from 1800s to present
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- **Languages**: Primarily English, with multilingual content
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### Key Features
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✅ **Comprehensive Metadata**
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- Unique identifiers (DOI, OpenAlex ID, arXiv, PubMed)
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- Publication details (title, date, venue, language)
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- Author and institutional affiliations
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- Citation counts and referenced works
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✅ **Open Access Information**
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- OA status and licensing
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- Repository locations
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- Full-text availability
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✅ **Concept Tagging**
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- Hierarchical subject classification
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- Auto-generated topic tags
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- Cross-disciplinary connections
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✅ **Quality Indicators**
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- Publication types
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- Peer review status
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- Citation metrics
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## Usage
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### Loading the Dataset
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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# Load a sample (recommended for exploration)
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dataset = load_dataset("sumuks/openalex", split="train", streaming=True)
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# Iterate through examples
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for paper in dataset.take(100):
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print(f"Title: {paper['title']}")
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print(f"Year: {paper['publication_year']}")
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print(f"Citations: {paper['cited_by_count']}")
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print("---")
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```
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### Data Schema
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Each record contains:
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| Field | Description | Type |
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|-------|-------------|------|
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| `id` | OpenAlex work ID | string |
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| `doi` | Digital Object Identifier | string |
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| `title` | Work title | string |
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| `display_name` | Formatted display title | string |
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| `publication_year` | Year of publication | integer |
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| `publication_date` | Full publication date | date |
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| `type` | Publication type (article, book, etc.) | string |
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| `cited_by_count` | Number of citations | integer |
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| `is_oa` | Open access status | boolean |
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| `concepts` | Subject area tags | list |
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| `authorships` | Author information | list |
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| `institutions` | Affiliated institutions | list |
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| `referenced_works` | Citations/references | list |
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| `abstract` | Work abstract (when available) | string |
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### Example Use Cases
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#### 1. Research Trend Analysis
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```python
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# Analyze publication trends in machine learning
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ml_papers = dataset.filter(lambda x: any('machine learning' in c['display_name'].lower()
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for c in x['concepts']))
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```
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#### 2. Citation Network Analysis
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```python
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# Build citation graphs
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citation_network = {}
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for paper in dataset:
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citation_network[paper['id']] = paper['referenced_works']
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```
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#### 3. Open Access Research
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```python
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# Find open access papers in climate science
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oa_climate = dataset.filter(lambda x: x['is_oa'] and
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any('climate' in c['display_name'].lower()
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for c in x['concepts']))
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```
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#### 4. Academic Search Systems
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```python
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# Create embeddings for semantic search
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from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
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model = SentenceTransformer('all-MiniLM-L6-v2')
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embeddings = model.encode([paper['title'] for paper in dataset.take(1000)])
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```
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## Considerations for Use
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### Scope and Limitations
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- **Subset of Full OpenAlex**: This dataset contains 174M of the 250M+ works in the complete OpenAlex database
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- **Metadata Quality**: While extensive, some fields may be incomplete for older publications
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- **Abstract Availability**: Not all works include abstracts due to copyright restrictions
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- **Dynamic Updates**: This is a static snapshot; the live OpenAlex API has more recent data
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### Ethical Considerations
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- **Citation Bias**: Citation counts may reflect systemic biases in academic publishing
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- **Geographic Representation**: May have uneven coverage across global regions
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- **Language Bias**: English-language publications are overrepresented
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- **Open Access**: Respect publisher policies when using full-text information
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### Recommended Practices
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1. **Use Streaming**: Given the dataset size, use `streaming=True` to avoid memory issues
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2. **Filter Early**: Apply filters during loading to work with relevant subsets
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3. **Respect Rate Limits**: If combining with API calls, follow OpenAlex rate limits
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4. **Cite Properly**: Include proper attribution to OpenAlex and original authors
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## License
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This dataset is released under the **Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-By) v1.0**, following OpenAlex's commitment to open science. You are free to share and adapt this data with proper attribution.
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## Citation
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If you use this dataset, please cite:
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```bibtex
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@article{priem2022openalex,
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title={OpenAlex: A fully-open index of scholarly works, authors, venues, institutions, and concepts},
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author={Priem, Jason and Piwowar, Heather and Orr, Richard},
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journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.01833},
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year={2022}
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}
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@misc{shashidhar2024openalex-hf,
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author = {Shashidhar, Sumuk},
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title = {OpenAlex Scholarly Knowledge Graph Dataset},
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year = {2024},
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publisher = {Hugging Face},
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howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/sumuks/openalex}}
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}
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```
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## Acknowledgments
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Special thanks to:
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- The [OurResearch](https://ourresearch.org/) team for creating and maintaining OpenAlex
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- [Arcadia Fund](https://www.arcadiafund.org.uk/) for funding OpenAlex development
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- The academic community for supporting open science initiatives
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---
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**Questions or Issues?** Open a discussion in the [Community tab](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sumuks/openalex/discussions) or visit [OpenAlex Help](https://help.openalex.org/)
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- biology
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- finance
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- legal
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pretty_name: Openalex Jun 2025 Snapshot
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size_categories:
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- 10M<n<100M
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---
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