Human Rights Watch (HRW) says it has analysed images of the Rohingya village of Wa Peik in Rakhine state.
According to HRW the images show that during the period when Wa Peik was being burned, there were military trucks active at a nearby army post.
This proves that soldiers were in the area, the group says.
"It's difficult to believe that militants burned down over 300 buildings in Wa Peik over a one-month period while Burmese security forces stood there and watched," said Brad Adams, Asia director of Human Rights Watch.
"Burmese government officials have been caught out by this satellite imagery, and it's time they recognise their continued denials lack credibility."
Asked about the allegations, the main government spokesman, Zaw Htay, said he would not be commenting as an investigation into events in northern Rakhine state was under way.
A government appointed team has spent the past few days visiting affected villages and is expected to release its findings at the end of January.
This is the third Human Rights Watch report on the current crisis and the burning of Rohingya villages. On previous occasions the government denied that soldiers were to blame, saying the Rohingya have been setting fire to their own homes to attract international sympathy.
The rights campaigners go on to say that their analysis of when and where the villages burned shows a methodical approach, making it more likely to have been carried out by the military.
Independent journalists have not been allowed into northern Rakhine since armed militants attacked border posts on 9 October, killing nine policemen. The area has been closed since then amid allegations of army atrocities against the Rohingya.
The latest figures from the United Nations show that since then 27,000 Rohingya have fled across the border into Bangladesh.

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The 31-year-old completed the 40km route in 44 minutes 42.99 seconds, 45 seconds quicker than defending champion Vasil Kiryienka of Belarus.
Spain's Jonathan Castroviejo was third.
It was Martin's second gold of the week in Doha, following victory in the men's team time trial in his last race for Etixx-Quick Step.
Martin will be leaving the Belgium-based side to join Katusha from 2017.
Switzerland's Fabian Cancellara, who is to retire this year and was not competing in Doha, won four titles between 2006 and 2010.
"I want to be world champion every year, so I am so proud I can ride in a world champion suit from next year," said Martin. "I've missed it a lot.
"The course was made for me. I just had fun on the road."
Commonwealth time trial champion Alex Dowsett was the best of two Britons competing, finishing 12th in 46 minutes 54.07 seconds. Compatriot Steve Cummings was 25th.
The women's elite road race takes place on Saturday, with Britain's Lizzie Deignan the defending champion.
The men's elite road race is on Sunday, with Britain's Mark Cavendish among the favourites.
2010 Commonwealth time trial champion David Millar on BBC TV:
"That was a phenomenal ride. Tony Martin at his very best.
"The course was flat, there are no surprises, it's just who can hold that power for the longest time. It was the display of a world champion. Nobody could ever have come close to matching that.
"Alex Dowsett will be disappointed in finishing 12th. I think he is capable of doing better. I'm not sure if it was the heat or the distance, because he's an hour record holder and we have seen him up there before.
"But I think it's only a matter of time before we see him up there again."
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New satellite images establish a link between the Burmese army and the burning of Rohingya Muslim villages, human rights campaigners say.
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Germany's Tony Martin won a joint record fourth men's individual time trial world title at the Road Cycling World Championships in Qatar.