The project, called Historical Dances in an Antique Setting, is the work of Argentine artist Pablo Bronstein.
Three classically-trained dancers will be seen weaving up and down the Duveen Galleries "striking elegant and refined poses".
The free installation opens on Tuesday with live performances from 1100-1700. It runs until 9 October.
Bronstein's work also features two large-scale architectural structures which are overlaid with images of Tate Britain's exterior architecture.
The effect is described as "visually turning the gallery inside out".
"Grand architecture is one of the things I'm most interested in, so it was a rare opportunity to be able to create work in such a unique setting as the Duveen Galleries," Bronstein said.
"The commission also presented a perfect and challenging opportunity to work with performance on a large scale."
Tate Britain director Alex Farquharson said: "Pablo Bronstein's work consistently makes for deliciously jarring encounters between past and present, and between art and society. It's fantastic to see his work come to life in the aesthetic and institutional grandeur of Tate Britain's Duveen Galleries."

About 12,000 people attended Saturday's Ar Waith Ar Daith (Work On Tour) performance in Cardiff Bay.
Walk the Plank's production involved dance, aerial artistry, storytelling and pyrotechnics.
Before the performance, two slate plaques will were unveiled.
The plaques had been engraved with poetic lines created by two school pupils, Charlotte Hunt from Harlech, Gwynedd, and Lena Mikulova from Cardiff.
School pupils from across Wales were invited to come up with their own verse for the plaques on the theme of what it means to be Welsh or living in Wales, taking inspiration from the words by poet Gwyneth Lewis which are on the front of the centre.
A trio of dancers are to perform inside Tate Britain as part of the London gallery's latest commission.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
The 10th birthday of Wales Millennium Centre has been celebrated with an "outdoor theatrical spectacle" involving 700 people.