Lt Col Gill Wilkinson was commanding officer of 154 (Scottish) Regiment Royal Logistic, based in Dunfermline.
She handed over to her husband, Lt Col Alan Wilkinson, last month.
The exchange makes the pair, who married in 1998, the highest ranking couple to follow each other in a command role.
Gill, 45, originally from Northern Ireland, was in the Army from the mid-90s but left when her two children were born.
She re-enlisted in the Army reserve in 2003 and took command of the regiment in 2014.
Husband Alan, 46, who was also in the Army before joining the Army Reserve, took on the role of main carer for their children when Gill became CO (commanding officer).
Gill told BBC Scotland: "It almost feels like I handed over the children to him two-and-a-half years before taking command and this feels very similar.
"You do feel a responsibility for a regiment. It is quite a parental role. Your soldiers are like your family.
"Normally when a commanding officer leaves command they don't look back at the regiment, they leave the next CO to carry on.
"Obviously I'm trying to do that but I can keep an eye out and ask how people are getting on and satisfy that parental bit."
Alan, originally from the Borders, met Gill at Dundee University before joining the Army.
He joined the reserves in 2009.
Alan said taking over from his wife was no different to any new job.
He said: "We have worked closely together throughout our career in the Army. I was in the fortunate position of being able to speak to Gill in the months before about it so it only took about four days to handover. It was fine."
Gill, who will now work with the Army Reserve part-time, said opportunities for women were "getting wider".
She said: "When I joined the Royal Logistic Corps it was because it offered, as far as I was concerned, the greatest opportunity to do the same job as men were doing.
"It is still majority male but the regiment I was commanding was about a quarter to a third female."
"I think ever since I joined the Army it has been increasing with more and more opportunities opening up.
"But we are really at the final bastion now where women are moving into combat roles."
Alan says his wife has offered him advice on his new role.
He says: "Some is good, some I listen to but I do make my own assessment."

The ride-hailing app went to court after Transport for London (TfL) said that drivers should have to prove their ability to communicate in English.
Uber argued that the standard of reading and writing required by the test was too high.
The US firm said the test was "unfair and disproportionate" and it would appeal against the court's decision.
The ruling will also apply to all minicab firms in London.
"TfL are entitled to require private hire drivers to demonstrate English language compliance," said Judge John Mitting as he rejected Uber's claim.
Tom de la Mare QC, for Uber and the drivers, told the judge that the language requirement would result in 70,000 applicants failing to obtain a licence over three years.
The proposals would have a disproportionate impact on drivers from countries where English was not generally spoken and give rise to "indirect discrimination on grounds of race and nationality".
TfL argued that the requirements were vital to ensure passenger safety and to raise standards.
Sadiq Khan, the Mayor of London, said: "Drivers being able to speak English and understand information from passengers and licensing requirements is a vital part of ensuring passengers get the high standard of service they need and deserve.
"TfL will of course look at the High Court judgment in detail to ensure all our policies fully comply."
Sam Dumitriu, head of projects at the Adam Smith Institute, a conservative think tank, criticised the ruling.
"These tests are not only expensive but excessive, and will do little to improve public safety. We've already seen London taxi drivers of 20 years or more struggling with essay questions about the Aurora Borealis and snowboarding, do we need them to have read Shakespeare too?" he said.
"There's clearly no public interest here, only the interests of the vocal Black Cab Lobby. Sadiq Khan should listen to drivers and scrap them."
Uber said the judge ruled in its favour on three other points, including not having to open a UK-based call centre.
A Scottish couple made an unusual bit of British military history when the wife handed over command of an Army unit to her husband.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
Uber has lost its attempt to prevent its drivers being forced to take English language tests.