The University of Glasgow's £32m Imaging Centre of Excellence (ICE) aims to bring clinical academics together with industry to improve patient care.
It is the first time a 7 Tesla MRI scanner will be used in the UK in a clinical setting.
It will be used to improve treatment for conditions such as stroke, vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
The facility was built in collaboration with NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (NHS GGC), with £16m of funding from the Medical Research Council and Glasgow City Region City Deal.
The project is expected to bring 396 new jobs to the city over a seven year period, contributing about £88m to the local economy.
The 7 Tesla MRI scanner was delivered to the site last November. A giant crane eased the 18-tonne device down an alleyway with inches to spare on each side, then through a hole in the wall of the new building.
The building will also house the Clinical Innovation Zone to help biomedical companies improve healthcare technology through collaborative work.
There willl be a further floor of neuro-operating theatres, which will be funded by the NHS GGC.
Prof Dame Anna Dominiczak, of the College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, said it would be a "world-leading" example of a precision medicine centre.
"The ICE isn't about ivory tower research," she said.
"It is about bringing world-leading clinical academics together with industry to collaborate and to create something that not only positively benefits patients but also brings a meaningful economic benefit as well."
Glasgow City Council leader Frank McAveety said the facility was a great example of how the Glasgow City Region City Deal was helping to reinforce Glasgow's global reputation, while also delivering economic and social benefits.
Principal of the university, Prof Anton Muscatelli, said: "ICE exemplifies the university's goal to create visionary buildings that promote interaction with industry and other key stakeholders, bringing inspiring people together in a world-class environment to share knowledge that can ultimately change the world."

Nsiala, 24, was dismissed for his foul on Swindon's Luke Norris in Saturday's 1-1 draw - just six days after joining the League One club from Hartlepool.
But Town are confident of winning the appeal, boss Paul Hurst claiming: "It's never a two-footed challenge.
"He clearly wins the ball. We've looked at the footage," he told BBC Sport.
Nsiala had already been sent off twice for Pools this season, which automatically increases the punishment, potentially sidelining him until 11 February.
Unless Shrewsbury win their appeal to the Football Association, Nsiala will miss the visits of Bradford City, Oldham Athletic and Bury, as well as the trip to Gillingham.
His home debut may not now come until 18 February against AFC Wimbledon.
The red card was the eighth Shrewsbury have received this season - the highest number in English football's top four divisions.
Meanwhile, Shrewsbury have allowed former Wolves striker Sylvan Ebanks-Blake to return to Chesterfield at the end of his loan spell, during which he failed to score in seven appearances.
They have also allowed on-loan winger George Waring to return to Premier League side Stoke City, having opted not to extend his deal.
Hurst has also dismissed speculation linking the Shropshire club with striker James Alabi, National League side Chester's 10-goal top scorer, saying: "There's no truth in it."
A new state-of-the-art medical research facility, which houses a powerful MRI scanner, is to be officially opened.
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Shrewsbury defender Aristote Nsiala will be banned for four games after being sent off on his debut - unless the Town are successful with an appeal.