Simon Dobbin, from Suffolk, was left brain damaged after the assault in Southend, Essex, in March 2015.
Three of the 12 men sentenced at Basildon Crown Court were jailed for five years for violent disorder.
Mr Dobbin's wife told the court her husband had been given a life sentence through the group's actions.
He spent a year in hospital as a result of the attack which happened after his team, Cambridge United, played at Southend United's ground Roots Hall.
Mr Dobbin was in court for sentencing - the first time he had come face-to-face with his attackers - but had to leave when he became upset.
Det Ch Insp Martin Pasmore, who led the investigation into the attack, said the men were like a "pack of animals".
He said: "These are individuals that are mainly spending their time in pubs and drinking and looking for the opportunity to have fights with other so-called football fans/hooligans."
The detective also said accusations that Mr Dobbin had been ejected from the stadium on the day he was attacked were "absolute nonsense".
"Let me be clear, Simon Dobbin is a thoroughly decent man," he added.
"He was not involved in any form of disturbance and was not ejected from the match or any other establishment.
"He is an entirely innocent victim of an unprovoked savage attack which left him with a permanent and devastating brain injury."
In a victim impact statement, wife Nicole Dobbin said she "hates what these violent thugs have done to us".
The offence of committing violent disorder carries a maximum term of five years in prison. The shortest sentence - 16 months - was given to Rhys Pullen, who pleaded guilty to the charge earlier in proceedings.
Eight men were found guilty of violent disorder. They were sentenced to the following:
Three men were jailed for conspiracy to commit violent disorder:
All of the men were given a 10-year football banning order.
Ian Young, 41, of Brightwell Avenue, Westcliff was found guilty of assisting an offender by hiding the group while police were conducting a search. He will be sentenced next month.

Emergency services were called to the incident near Cathedine at 16:13 BST on Sunday.
A Welsh Ambulance Service spokeswoman said the person was taken to Swansea's Morriston Hospital with minor injuries.
Mid and West Fire Service sent two crews from Brecon and one from Crickhowell to the scene.
A group of football hooligans described as "a pack of animals" has been jailed over an attack which left a football fan unable to walk or speak.
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