UnitingCare started to supply older people and adult community healthcare in April, but pulled out of the contract earlier in December.
It was a consortium of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
NHS England is to commission the investigation.
As reported by the Health Service Journal, NHS England is seeking answers about the circumstances leading up to the termination of the contract.
Lord Prior of Brampton, minister for NHS productivity, said it would also consider how similar contracts "will be managed and assured in the future".
The contract was meant to run for five years, but older people's services have been transferred back to Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Clinical Commissioning Group (CPCCG).
UnitingCare was selected to run the service by CPCCG after a lengthy procurement process and from a shortlist of three organisations.
It said it was not "financially sustainable" to continue with the contract.
Dr Neil Modha, chief clinical officer at CPCCG, said: "The CCG will be conducting an internal review to begin shortly and advice from other parties will form part of the review.
"We will of course work closely with NHS England on any review that they commission. Our current priorities are to ensure continuity of services following the ending of the contract on 3 December."
Labour peer Lord Hunt said he was "very concerned" about the impact the "extraordinary" series of events was having on patients.
"I'm going to be pressing NHS England to make sure the review is made public," he said. "People locally have every right to know what went wrong, who is responsible, and what is going to happen."
What did the £800m five-year contract cover?

A spokesman for HM Coastguard said nothing had been found during extensive searches and crews were stood down at 11:30 GMT.
The missing man has been named by police as Len King, 74, from Alfriston, East Sussex.
A friend reported him missing when he did not return home on Sunday evening.
Mr King had set out to sail alone from Brighton to Newhaven.
His Sunseeker yacht is believed to have been on autopilot when it drifted back to the marina and crashed into a wall with no-one on board.
Three lifeboats and a coastguard helicopter were involved in the search, which began shortly after 22:00 on Sunday.
It was hampered by storms overnight but resumed at first light in rough seas.
In a statement issued through Sussex Police, Mr King's wife Stephanie said her husband had been sailing since he was at least 20.
She said: "Normally we go together but during the week, if it's calm weather, he may go off by himself."
Mrs King said he went off just before lunch on Sunday and had been expected home by dinnertime.
When she phoned him several times the phone was unable to connect.
"I can't understand what has happened," she said.
"He is a very experienced yachtsman. He has all his equipment doubled up and is always careful. That is the way he runs things."
HM Coastguard said extensive shoreline searches had been carried out around Brighton Marina, between Shoreham and Newhaven and as far out as 2.5 miles off shore.
The helicopter had undertaken a search out to mid-Channel.
"Despite these extensive searches, nothing has been found. Unless any new information comes to light, the search has been suspended," a spokesman said.
Coastguards told BBC reporter Jon Hunt divers would examine the vessel to see if there was any mechanical explanation for what happened.
Insp Roy Apps said it remained unclear what had happened to Mr King.
He said: "The search is currently suspended and we are liaising with his family as we investigate the circumstances of his disappearance."
The collapse of an £800m NHS out-sourcing contract is to reviewed by independent experts.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
The search for the skipper of a yacht found abandoned near Brighton Marina has been called off and a missing person inquiry is under way.