The hardware was exactly the same as that used last November, "demonstrating reuse", the Amazon.com founder wrote on his blog.
The flight took place on Friday from Mr Bezos' Texas test and launch facility.
As has become his practice, he gave no general public notice of the event and released only limited details afterwards, along with a glossy video.
November's outing marked the first time a rocket had launched a space mission vertically from the ground and then brought all elements - booster and capsule - softly and safely back to Earth.
Although all the flights so far undertaken by Mr Bezos have been unmanned, he does eventually plan to fly passengers.
"The very same New Shepard booster that flew above the Karman line and then landed vertically at its launch site last November has now flown and landed again, demonstrating reuse," the businessman said.
"This time, New Shepard reached an apogee of 333,582ft (101.7km) before both capsule and booster gently returned to Earth for recovery and reuse."
One hundred kilometres is regarded as the official boundary of space.  New Shepard does not achieve the velocities that would allow the system to make orbit and stay up, but Mr Bezos says his Blue Origin space company is working on a family of rockets that would make this possible.
He promises to reveal further information on that programme later in the year.
Commentators had realised early in the week that another mission was imminent when the Federal Aviation Authority published a temporary flight restriction for a region of the sky north of Van Horn in Texas - the location of the Blue Origin test site.
From social media postings, it was evident that a launch had taken place early on Friday local time, but it was many hours before Mr Bezos and Blue Origin were prepared to comment.
Rocketry is now entering a new era, with designers trying to make reusable the systems that have traditionally been regarded only as disposable.
In December, another entrepreneur, Elon Musk, managed to land the booster stage of his Falcon rocket after launching a batch of satellites.
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter.

That's the amount raised in a funding round by Grammarly, a firm that boasts of having what it calls "the world's most accurate online grammar checker".
It has persuaded venture capital firms including General Catalyst, IVP and Spark Capital to support its platform.
The eight-year-old firm, based in San Francisco, offers "mistake-free writing every time" to 6.9 million users.
The start-up was founded in 2009 by Alex Shevchenko and Max Lytvyn.
Its software uses spell-checking, proof-reading and plagiarism detection tools, scanning text for the correct use of more than 250 advanced grammar rules.
But not everyone sees the need for Grammarly. One online reaction posted to the announcement of the firm's venture round was: "I rather learn to write without mistakes than let a program correct it" (perhaps inadvertently proving its usefulness).
On the other hand, Grammarly's efforts provide no guarantee that your prose will be a joy to read.
Its own website contains the sentence: "Enhance your sentences with Grammarly's context-optimized word choice suggestions to instantly improve the readability of your document."
Clearly split infinitives are safe from the software's forensic gaze.

The scam, which involves drawing the salaries of non-existent civil servants, is widespread, a BBC correspondent in Nigeria says.
But the government has recently been cracking down, removing thousands of "ghost workers" from its payroll.
Nigeria is Africa's biggest economy.
It is the continent's top oil producer, but its economy is currently under huge strain due to the recent collapse in oil prices.
The state has been able to save millions of dollars as a result of an ongoing verification of its workforce, the auditor general for Bauchi said.
Abubakar Gabi said that thousands of workers and pensioners did not appear for an exercise aimed at rooting out ghost workers and claimants.
US entrepreneur Jeff Bezos has reflown his New Shepard rocket, launching once again a capsule briefly into space.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
There's money to be made from other people's mistakes: $110m (Â£85m) of it, to be precise.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
Children as young as eight are being paid teaching salaries by the state as part of identity fraud in the north-eastern Nigerian state of Bauchi, officials have found.