The fast bowler, 29, had been missing since 6 September when allegations were first made about him and his wife.
The court has rejected the bail petition submitted by Hossain and has sent him to jail, a day after his wife was arrested by police.
The country's cricket board has suspended him from playing cricket. Both he and his wife deny the charges.
Hossain's lawyer, Kazi Nazibullah Hiru, told the AFP news agency: "We appealed to the court that Shahadat should be released on bail for the greater interest of the country.
"We pleaded that he is not guilty as he was not present on the day the girl was allegedly beaten."
Initially, Hossain went to the police on Sunday, 6 September, saying his maid had gone missing.
However, when the girl was taken to police, after she was found alone later that day, she told them she had suffered torture and abuse from Hossain and his wife.
Doctors say the girl had extensive injuries indicating abuse, including a broken leg and a black eye.
When the police went to the couple's house to question them, neither were there.
Hossain is a medium-fast bowler who is arguably one of Bangladesh's most famous player. He has played for the Tigers since 2005.
He has taken 70 wickets in 36 Tests and 47 wickets in 79 one-day internationals, with best figures of 6-27. Domestically, he plays for Dhaka Division.
Hossain last played for Bangladesh in a Test match against Pakistan in May, when he twisted his right knee and was ruled out action for six months.
He was the first Bangladesh player to have his name added to the Lord's honours board when he took 5-98 against England in May 2010.

They had to come from behind after Shay McCartan pounced on a defensive error and rounded Bobby Olejnik to score.
Matt Oakley created Exeter's quickfire equaliser with a through ball that Tom Nicholls dispatched.
McCartan then struck a post, but the Grecians won it when substitute Christian Ribeiro bundled in a corner.
Promotion-chasing Stanley stayed sixth, while Exeter moved within five points of the play-off places in 13th.

Parts of Pleasure Island Family Theme Park in Cleethorpes were inaccessible to the public due to surface water flooding, manager Neil Ireland said.
He added that no major damage had been caused but high winds and rain also meant some of the park's rides would not have been able to run.
The park is expected to reopen to the public on Tuesday.

It also saw £400m of instant access savings cash being withdrawn in a period that saw it being put up for sale before a rescue deal was agreed.
However, half-year losses narrowed to £135.2m from £177m last year.
In June, the Co-operative Bank agreed a £700m rescue package to stop itself from being wound up.
The bank said that the deal was progressing to plan and was "on track" to be completed by September.
The Co-op Bank was rescued from the brink of collapse by a group of hedge funds in 2013, after bad property loans contributed to a £1.5bn hole in its finances.
In February this year, the bank was put up for sale after it was unable to reach a strong enough financial footing to satisfy Bank of England regulations.
However, the sale plan was dropped after its existing investors agreed to a rescue deal, which will see them swap their debt for a stake in the bank. The Co-op Group's stake in the bank will fall from 20% to about 1%.
Chief executive Liam Coleman said the completion of the restructuring would "secure the future of the Co-operative Bank as a viable stand-alone entity".
He also said that trading in the first half of the year had been "resilient", given the backdrop of the talks over the bank's future.
Although the bank had lost current accounts, the fall was less than 2% of its total, and it still had 1.4 million current account customers.
"The vast majority of customers have remained very loyal as we have progressed the sale and capital raise process and I am extremely grateful for their ongoing support," Mr Coleman said.
"Of course there is more hard work ahead, and, like other banks, we recognise there are risks to the UK economy, but this is a great bank and we are positive about the future."
Bangladesh cricketer Shahadat Hossain has turned himself in to face charges of torturing an 11-year-old housemaid.
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Exeter City shrugged off their midweek FA Cup defeat by Liverpool to beat Accrington Stanley and record back-to-back League Two victories.
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Heavy rain and surface water flooding have forced a theme park in Lincolnshire to close.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
The Co-operative Bank has said it lost about 25,000 current accounts during the first half of the year amid the uncertainty over its future.