He was wounded and arrested in a dramatic raid in Brussels on 18 March after four months on the run.
The 26-year-old French national was born in Brussels and lived there before the Paris attacks.
He would be held in solitary confinement in a maximum-security prison in the Paris area, said Justice Minister Jean-Jacques Urvoas.
The co-ordinated attacks carried out by so-called Islamic State in Paris on 13 November claimed 130 lives and left dozens more severely wounded.
Belgium's federal prosecutor said Salah Abdeslam had been "surrendered to the French authorities this morning (in execution of the European Arrest Warrant issued by France on 19 March 2016)". He was then formally placed under arrest.
Although he was initially held at a prison in Bruges, he had most recently been in custody at a high-security jail at Beveren, near Antwerp.
Salah Abdeslam is charged in France with participation in terrorist murder and the activities of a terrorist organisation.
He was also indicted by Belgian authorities last week over a shoot-out in the Forest area of Brussels in which four police were wounded, three days before he was arrested.
Earlier, French criminal lawyer Frank Berton told French media that he would be taking on Salah Abdeslam's defence in France following a two-and-a-half-hour meeting between the two last Friday at Beveren.
Mr Berton BFMTV (in French) he hoped the man would be judged "for what he has done and not what he has not done... not for what he represents because he is the last survivor". Most of the Paris attackers are now dead.
Frank Berton has defended some high-profile clients in recent years:
Florence Cassez, a Frenchwoman jailed in Mexico in 2007 for 60 years for kidnapping but controversially freed in 2013. She is alleged to have been part of the Zodiacs gang
Dominique Cottrez, sentenced to nine years in prison in 2015 for killing eight of her newborn babies
Daniel Legrand, found guilty of child sex offences in 2004 as part of the Outreau case; his conviction was later overturned in one of France's most notorious miscarriages of justice
Mohamed Drici, jailed for involvement in Islamist attacks in 1995, in which 10 people were murdered
Mr Berton described Salah Abdeslam as "falling apart because of the drama that unfolded in France" and said he wanted to explain his actions.
He said he was aware of the risks in representing his client, but insisted "he has the right to a fair trial".
Mr Abdeslam's Belgian lawyer, Sven Mary, has spoken of the dangers he faced in representing him - telling France's Liberation website (in French) that he was threatened, assaulted physically and verbally in his office, and that on occasion police had escorted his daughters to school.
But Mr Mary also spoke disparagingly of his client, describing him as having the "intelligence of an empty ashtray".

Brenda Donaldson, from Crook of Devon, was driving a Citroen Xsara which was involved in a collision with a Ford Transit flatbed at about 07:10.
The Kinross to Crook of Devon road was closed in both directions.
The male driver and passenger from the Ford van were treated for minor injuries at the scene.
Belgium has extradited Paris attacks suspect Salah Abdeslam to face trial in France.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
A 55-year-old woman who died following a crash between a car and a van on the A977 in Perthshire on Friday morning has been named.