The better-than-expected growth rate came after higher government spending helped to offset weakness in business investment and exports.
Capital expenditure fell by 1.4% during the quarter, indicating that businesses remain reluctant to spend.
Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 index fell slightly to 16,644.69.
The broader Topix index ended up 0.2% at 1,338.38.
Despite the better-than-expected GDP figure, analysts are concerned about the outlook for consumer spending, which accounts for about 60% of GDP.
That could take a hit if Prime Minister Shinzo Abe moves to increase the country's sales tax to 10% from the current 8%.
Japan's Nikkei newspaper reported this week that Mr Abe plans to postpone the move and will announce his decision after the G7 meeting later this month.
Other stock markets in Asia were lower ahead of the release of the US central bank's meeting minutes later on Wednesday.
Investors are looking for guidance on what and when the Federal Reserve's next move is going to be.
Many investors are now predicting the Fed may raise interest rates at its June meeting following a recent run of positive economic data.
Hong Kong's Hang Seng index fell 1.5% to close at 19,826.41 while the mainland Shanghai Composite dropped 1.3% to finish at 2,807.51.
Australia's S&P/ASX 200 index lost 0.7% to finish at 5,356.20, while South Korea's benchmark Kospi index fell 0.6% to close at 1,956.73.

Prosecutors said the aim was to prevent evidence being destroyed.
Police seized luxury cars from the home of the former Brazilian President, Fernando Collor de Mello.
The bribery scandal has undermined the standing of the current President, Dilma Rousseff.
Mr Collor denied any wrongdoing and posted on social media that "the measure was invasive, arbitrary and flagrantly unnecessary considering that the facts of the case have been investigated for at least two years... and I have never even been called to give any clarification."
Fifty-three searches were carried out "in homes, offices, company headquarters, law firms and public institutions." the police said in a statement.
Brazilian media said a senator, Ciro Nogueira, a congressman, Eduardo da Fonte and the ex-Cities Minister, Mario Negromonte, were also being investigated.
The police said the operation had taken place in the Federal District of the capital Brasilia and six states.
Since March last year the Petrobras investigation, nicknamed by police "Operation Car Wash", has placed former Petrobras executives and some of Brazil's most powerful construction contractors behind bars.
Thirty-four congressmen and one state vice-governor are under investigation.
Investigators allege firms paid corrupt officials in order to get lucrative Petrobras contracts.
The scandal has rocked Brazil's governing Workers' Party, with top politicians in several parties accused of taking bribes.
But President Rousseff, who chaired Petrobras when much of the corruption is believed to have taken place, has been cleared of involvement.

Tring School in Hertfordshire said the laptop devices will be brought into use from next year.
But more than 100 people have signed an online petition against the plans.
Headteacher Sue Collins said the school was having to manage an £800,000 per year cut in its budget from the government.
The Chromebooks for Learning Scheme will affect hundreds of students at the school, which has more than 1,500 pupils aged from 11-19, with only years 11 and 13 exempt.
There are two options available, a £149 model and a £185 model, although pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds can pay £20.
The school said students "need to be prepared for an increasingly digital world".
It is offering payment plans, but many parents and pupils said the devices should be provided by the school.
The petition's organisers said people were being forced to pay when there were "perfectly good computers at the school".
Ms Collins said she "wholeheartedly accepted" parents concerns but insisted the school was having to manage a budget cut.
"It is absolutely enormous to manage that and at the same time raise standards and continue to develop so that our children have access to the online and modern materials that are out there now," she said.
"There isn't a U-turn on this, we're rolling it out. We know from the research we've done, this is the way forward for schools."
Japanese stocks closed little changed after data showed the economy dodged a recession, growing at an annual pace of 1.7% in the first quarter of the year.
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Brazilian police have searched properties linked to politicians suspected of taking bribes in a scandal involving the state-run oil company, Petrobras.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
A secondary school has ruled parents must pay a compulsory charge of at least £149 for pupils to use Google Chromebooks in lessons.