Visitors to the charity's reserve in Bempton, East Yorkshire can upload their images to a special website.
The Atlantic puffin is a "Red List" threatened species and numbers across the UK are rapidly declining.
Researchers hope analysing the birds' diets could help explain why numbers have dropped in some areas.
More on this and other East Yorkshire stories
Images from Bempton, where colony numbers are holding steady, will be compared to other sites where the birds are struggling.
A recent report by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee said that the puffin's decline was due to a reduction in its food supply of small fish and its vulnerability to oil spills.
They have been listed as vulnerable to extinction, the lowest of three categories behind critically endangered and endangered.
The RSPB's Ali Barratt said the research is especially important at this time of year as puffin chicks are about to hatch.
"The society as a whole can look at what puffins are eating in different parts of the UK," she said.
"See if there are any differences and see if there any things that we wouldn't expect and to try and build a picture of ocean health around our island".

Mr Mortazavi, considered a close aide of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, was taken to Tehran's Evin prison, the semi-official Fars agency reported.
Until January, he was head of Iran's wealthy social welfare organisation but was removed under pressure from the Majlis - Iran's parliament.
Mr Mortazavi, 45, was placed under US sanctions in 2010.
He and other officials were accused by Washington of "sustained and severe violations of human rights".
By Mohammad ManzarpourBBC Persian
Saeed Mortazavi's arrest could be considered a turning point in Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's tenure as Iran's Supreme Leader.
Having risen from obscurity as a young judge, Mr Mortazavi was instrumental in the mass culling of reformist newspapers during former President Mohammad Khatami's administration.
He later gained further notoriety for his involvement in the case of Zahra Kazemi, an Iranian-Canadian photojournalist who died in custody following her arrest in 2003.
More recently, Mr Mortazavi was accused in connection with the abuse and killing of post-election protesters in the Kahrizak detention centre.
It is unlikely that Mr Mortazavi's arrest could have come without the supreme leader's approval.
Whatever red-line Mr Mortazavi may have crossed to trigger this chain of events, his arrest marks the end of an era of impunity, long enjoyed by the Islamic state's most loyal enforcers.
Analysts say his arrest could be the result of disputes between President Ahmadinejad on one hand and parliament and the judiciary on the other.
The arrest was "possibly" in connection with allegations of torture and the deaths of prisoners after the controversial 2009 election, Fars reported.
A few days after he was removed last month as head of the social welfare fund, he was rehired by President Ahmadinejad, but this time as official caretaker of the same organisation, angering some lawmakers.
While defending the former prosecutor in parliament, Mr Ahmadinejad accused the head of parliament and the head of the judiciary of corruption, which analysts say might be one of the reasons behind Mr Mortazavi's arrest.
Mr Ahmadinejad's controversial re-election in 2009 - and the violent suppression of subsequent opposition protests - has widened the rift between conservatives and reformists within Iran's political establishment.
Correspondents say parliament has been hostile to Mr Ahmadinejad for most of his second four-year term which expires in August.
Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani is a likely frontrunner in the race to succeed Mr Ahmadinejad.

The 19-year-old centre-back has made one substitute appearance for the Saints in the Premier League and is captain of the club's under-21 side.
He led Southampton to victory in last season's Premier League Under-21 Cup.
"Our last two games haven't reached our high standards defensively and he's a new option who adds competition," said Wycombe boss Gareth Ainsworth.
"Jason's a very highly-rated defender who's had good experience in the under-21s at Southampton and they feel he's ready to go out and get a taste of what senior football is like at League Two level," Ainsworth added to the club website.
The RSPB has appealed for photographs of puffins feeding to help scientists discover why the bird's numbers have fallen to dangerously low levels.
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Iranian police have arrested former Tehran prosecutor Saeed Mortazavi, Iranian news agencies say.
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Wycombe Wanderers have signed teenage Southampton defender Jason McCarthy on an initial one-month loan.