The front of the note will continue to feature Scottish novelist and poet Sir Walter Scott alongside The Mound in Edinburgh.
The Glenfinnan Viaduct will remain on the reverse of the design.
However, it will now feature a steam locomotive hauling a heritage tourist train.
The locomotive is a Stanier "Black 5", which was designed for London, Midland and Scottish Railway and often seen on the West Highland line.
The new note, which was designed by banknote manufacturer De La Rue, is slightly smaller than the existing paper version in circulation.
It includes security features incorporated in the bank's new polymer £5 note, which entered circulation in October.
They include an anti-counterfeit "window effect", built into the windows of the image of The Mound, and metallic ink which changes colour as the note is moved.
There is also a new "tactile emboss", created by a series of raised dots, which is designed to aid the visually impaired.
All existing paper Bank of Scotland £10 notes will be gradually withdrawn following the issue of the new note.
However, they will continue to be accepted at shops, banks and cash payment machines.
Mike Moran, director at Bank of Scotland, said: "Bank of Scotland has been issuing bank notes for more than 320 years, evolving our designs to pay homage to our heritage.
"The new note retains our much loved design of Sir Walter Scott with the famous Glenfinnan Viaduct pictured on the back and we've evolved the design by introducing the popular heritage tourist train crossing the bridge.
"With polymer notes being cleaner, more secure, and more durable than paper notes, I'm sure our new £10 note will prove popular across Scotland."

The veteran US businessman was the largest shareholder in MGM Resorts International, which owns the MGM Grand and Bellagio hotels in Las Vegas.
He was well known for buying and then selling the MGM film studio three times, making a profit each time.
Kerkorian was reported to have died on Monday night in Los Angeles but no cause of death has been given.
"Mr Kerkorian was a quiet but powerful force behind the transformation of the Las Vegas Strip into one of the world's most popular tourist destinations," MGM Resorts said in a statement.
A school dropout at 16, Kerkorian became a boxer and later flew dangerous missions delivering warplanes from Canada to Britain during World War Two.
He carried on flying after the war and opened a charter flight business ferrying gamblers who wanted to get from Los Angeles to Las Vegas more quickly than by driving.
He began buying property in Las Vegas in 1962 after selling his charter airline, which he later re-purchased.
"When you're a self-made man you start very early in life," he once told the Las Vegas Review-Journal. "You get a drive that's a little different, maybe a little stronger, than somebody who inherited."
He was also a player in the automobile industry, losing a battle for control of Chrysler in the 1990s before taking stakes in General Motors and Ford in the 2000s.
In May this year, Forbes magazine estimated Kerkorian's wealth at $4.2bn (Â£2.7bn) after taking a hit on his investments during the financial crisis in 2008, when the magazine said he was worth $16bn.
"MGM Resorts and our family of 62,000 employees are honouring the memory of a great man, a great business leader, a great community leader, an innovator, and one of our country's greatest generation," MGM chief executive Jim Murren said in a statement.

It has emerged Sean Morton, the Scottish Labour councillor for Fochabers and Lhanbryde, appeared at Elgin Sheriff Court on Christmas Eve.
Mr Morton, 35, of Elgin, was charged under the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 and released on bail.
Scottish Labour said: "Sean Morton has been suspended with immediate effect."
A Moray Council spokesman said: "As soon as we were made aware of formal proceedings, and pending the outcome of the case, we took appropriate steps in terms of the councillor's activities in accordance with the bail conditions set by the sheriff."
Bank of Scotland has unveiled the design of its new £10 polymer note, which is due to enter circulation in the autumn.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
Kirk Kerkorian, the son of Armenian immigrants who became a billionaire Las Vegas mogul, has died at the age of 98.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
A councillor has been suspended by his party after appearing in court charged in connection with indecent child images.