HMP Birmingham prisoners Demehl Thomas and Moysha Shepherd, both 25, are accused of boasting about drug dealing and violent assaults on rival gang members in the video, police said.
The pair are charged with making a sound recording in jail under the 1952 Prison Act.
They will appear via video link before magistrates in the city on Thursday.
West Midlands Police, which described the video as a "selfie rap", said it believed the prosecution against Thomas, formerly of Vernolds Croft in Highgate, and Shepherd, of Hampstead Road, Handsworth,  was the first of its kind.
Insp Nick Dale, said the law was intended to "minimise the potential" for a camera or recording device to be used inside prison "and possibly compromise security or pose a threat to the safety of prisoners and staff."

Geraldine Newman, 51, daughter Shannon, 11 and son Shane, six, were found on Tuesday in Allerton Bywater.
The children's father, Paul Newman, 42, from Normanton, was found dead on cliffs on Anglesey the same day.
Mr Newman was charged with common assault on Mrs Newman in July 2013. He received a custodial sentence, West Yorkshire Police said.
The assault case was assessed as high risk, subject to detailed review and monitored for 12 months.
During that time there were no further incidents reported to it, the force said.
There is also to be a full review of the current case, West Yorkshire Police said.
Mrs Newman was found in the house near Leeds and had died of head injuries, a post-mortem examination  showed. Her two children were stabbed to death.
Police said the case was "shocking". They are not looking for anyone else over the deaths.
Mrs Newman, a branch manager for Wilko in Castleford, was found downstairs while the two children were discovered upstairs.
Stacey Swinson, a daughter of Geraldine Newman, said: "What has happened to my family is absolutely tragic.
"I would like to thank everyone for their kind wishes and condolences.
"This is a very difficult time for us and I would ask that people respect our privacy while we continue to grieve with family and friends."
Mr Newman was discovered on a cliff ledge at South Stack, a rocky island about 180 miles away.

Kaikai, 20, is back with Town for a second spell from Premier League Crystal Palace and has scored six goals in his last five appearances to lift the club two points clear of trouble.
"He's very important for us," Ogogo, 26, told BBC Radio Shropshire.
"He's got the quality and can score goals out of nothing."
Kaikai, who scored on his only appearances to date for Palace in their League Cup tie against Newcastle in September 2014, first moved to Greenhous Meadow last September and scored five times in 17 games before returning to Selhurst Park at the start of January.
Since coming back to Shropshire the goals have flowed, leading Shrewsbury boss Micky Mellon to question why he has not been part of the England Under-21 squad.
Ogogo, who is wearing the armband in the absence of suspended Nat Knight-Percival, thinks Kaikai has improved since he was last at the club.
"He's always played well but he's now adding goals to his game," said Ogogo.
Kaikai's 11th strike of the season put Town ahead league leaders against Wigan last Saturday before the title challengers hit back in style to win 5-1.
But Ogogo is staying confident over their survival chances despite having to play four sides currently in the top six in their next five games.
"One defeat in 10 games isn't bad - we've been on a good run so we need to dust ourselves down and go again," said Ogogo.
"We've got a tough run-in bit we can't look at other teams."

Ex-PC Colin Hart, 61, from Nelson, Caerphilly county, has been charged with seven counts of indecent assault and one of raping a girl under 16.
He has denied the offences, alleged to have happened between 1988 and 1990.
Cardiff Crown Court heard he allegedly started assaulting the girl from the age of 12.
But Mr Hart claimed she was "at least 17" when a sexual relationship began in 1992.
Two inmates have been charged with making a "selfie" rap video using a mobile phone smuggled into a jail.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
A man suspected of killing his family in West Yorkshire had been previously jailed for domestic violence.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
Stand-in captain Abu Ogogo says in-form striker Sullay Kaikai will play a key role in Shrewsbury Town's bid to avoid relegation from League One.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
The jury in the trial of an ex-police officer accused of raping a schoolgirl has retired to consider its verdict.