The proposal is one of several contained in a Scottish government commissioned review.
Other recommendations include a new National Wild Fisheries Unit and scrapping the system of "closed days" for salmon fishing.
Environment minister Paul Wheelhouse said he would consult on the findings.
An independent panel led by former Scottish Natural Heritage chairman Andrew Thin was asked to look at ways of modernising the management of Scotland's wild fisheries.
The panel's report contains 53 recommendations for change.
It suggests a "small National Wild Fisheries Unit" be created within government to provide strategic direction and regulation.
The strategy would be delivered through "locally empowered Fisheries Management Organisations" (FMOs).
The report notes that salmon fishing has previously been the principal driver of policy but suggests the new system takes an "all species approach".
The FMOs could be formed out of existing district salmon fisheries boards and fisheries trusts.
The report makes no firm recommendation on whether a rod licensing scheme should be introduced in Scotland, but says "serious consideration" should be given to the idea, with any money raised re-invested in angling.
It calls for a ban at the earliest opportunity on the killing of wild salmon unless a licence is granted. Applicants would need to demonstrate sustainability.
The system of "closed days" for salmon fishing is outdated and ineffective, it argues, and should be abolished except for certain coastal netting operations where stocks benefit from periods of closure.
The system of "closed seasons" should be reviewed and extended to all species, based on scientific evidence, and brought under the control of the new national unit.
It suggests a new Angling For All programme be developed to encourage participation with an emphasis on young people and links with the tourism strategy.
Environment and Climate Change Minister Paul Wheelhouse said angling alone was worth Â£134 million to the Scottish economy.
He said: "This independent review was tasked with considering the requirements of a modern, evidence-based management system that is fit for purpose in the 21st century and is guided by the conservation needs of our wild species.
"We need to ensure we have a robust and sustainable system so our fish thrive and people can continue to enjoy wild fishing and the socio-economic benefits that flow from it for generations to come."
Mr Wheelhouse said he would study the report in depth and consult on proposals to implement a new management system.

Four other members of the council abstained while the remainder voted in favour.
The killing of some 8,000 Muslim men and boys in 1995 by Bosnian Serb troops was the worst massacre in Europe since World War Two.
The motion had angered Serbia, which rejects the term.
It had been drafted to mark the 20th anniversary of the atrocity, which came amid the bloody break-up of Yugoslavia into independent states.
During the Bosnian War, which saw Serbia-backed Bosnian Serb forces fighting the Muslim-led Bosnian government, thousands seeking shelter at what was supposed to be a UN refuge were slaughtered.
The resolution said that "acceptance of the tragic events at Srebrenica as genocide is a prerequisite for reconciliation".
But Russia's UN Ambassador Vitaly Churkin said adopting it "would be counter-productive, would lead to greater tension in the region".
The vote had been put back a day to allow the US and the UK - which drafted the resolution - to try to persuade Russia not to veto it.
The Serbian President, Tomislav Nikolic, called it a "great day" for his country, the AFP agency reported.
Serbia does not have a seat on the Security Council, and had asked ally Russia to block the resolution, warning it would be divisive.
The US ambassador to the UN, Samantha Power, said: "Russia's veto is heart-breaking for those families and it is a further stain on this council's record."
A UN tribunal at The Hague has already convicted numerous people of genocide in relation to the Srebrenica killings, but a formal recognition by the UN could compel individual states to pursue prosecutions.
The killing of wild salmon could be banned, except under licence, under measures aimed at protecting  Scotland's wild fisheries.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
Russia has vetoed a United Nations Security Council resolution that would have described the Srebrenica massacre as "genocide".