In the past decade, with the successful launch of the soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) satellite by the European Space Agency (ESA) [3], the Aquarius/SAC-D satellite [4], and the soil moisture active passive (SMAP) satellite [5,6] by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), global sea surface salinity (SSS) observations from space have become possible and a significant improvement has been made to understand the ocean dynamics and climate change.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	4:case	Discourse=context-background:7->43:3
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	4:det	Entity=(24-time-acc:com-cf11-3-sgl|XML=<date from:::"2010-01-01" to:::"2019-10-14">
3	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	4:amod	_
4	decade	decade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	79	obl	79:obl:in	Entity=24)|SpaceAfter=No|XML=</date>
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	4:punct	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	9:case	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	9:det	Entity=(25-event-new-cf15-3,17,18,21,30,53,54,56,59-sgl
8	successful	successful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	9:amod	_
9	launch	launch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	79	obl	79:obl:with	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	20:case	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	20:det	Entity=(26-object-new-cf1-10-coref-Soil_Moisture_and_Ocean_Salinity
12	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	13:compound	Entity=(27-abstract-new-cf9-2-coref(28-substance-new-cf10-1-coref)
13	moisture	moisture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	20:compound	Entity=27)
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	16:cc	_
15	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	16:compound	Entity=(20-abstract-giv:act-cf6*-2-coref(21-place-giv:act-cf8-1-coref)
16	salinity	salinity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	13:conj:and|20:compound	Entity=20)
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	18:punct	Discourse=restatement-partial:8->7:0|SpaceAfter=No
18	SMOS	SMOS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	13:appos	Entity=(26-object-giv:act-cf1-1-coref-Soil_Moisture_and_Ocean_Salinity)|SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	18:punct	_
20	satellite	satellite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	9:nmod:of	Discourse=same-unit_m:9->7:1|Entity=26)
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	25:case	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	25:det	Entity=(29-organization-new-cf2-2,3,4-coref-European_Space_Agency
23	European	European	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|Number=Sing	25	amod	25:amod	_
24	Space	Space	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	25:compound	Entity=(30-abstract-new-cf4-1-coref)
25	Agency	Agency	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	9:nmod:by	Entity=29)
26	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	27	punct	27:punct	Discourse=restatement-partial:10->9:0|SpaceAfter=No
27	ESA	ESA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	appos	25:appos	Entity=(29-organization-giv:act-cf2-1-appos-European_Space_Agency)|SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	27	punct	27:punct	_
29	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	30	punct	30:punct	Discourse=explanation-evidence:11->7:2|SpaceAfter=No
30	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	dep	9:dep	Entity=(31-abstract-new-cf19-1-sgl)|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<ref></ref>
31	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	30	punct	30:punct	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	30:punct	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	37:det	Discourse=same-unit_m:12->7:3|Entity=(32-object-new-cf16-4,5-coref-Aquarius_%28SAC%2DD_instrument%29
34	Aquarius	Aquarius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	compound	37:compound	SpaceAfter=No|XML=<w>
35	/	/	SYM	SYM	_	36	cc	36:cc	SpaceAfter=No
36	SAC-D	SAC-D	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	conj	34:conj:slash|37:compound	XML=</w>
37	satellite	satellite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	9:nmod:of|20:conj:and	Entity=32)
38	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	39	punct	39:punct	Discourse=explanation-evidence:13->12:0|SpaceAfter=No
39	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	37	dep	37:dep	Entity=(33-abstract-new-cf20-1-sgl)|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<ref></ref>
40	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	39	punct	39:punct	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	37:punct	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	51:cc	Discourse=same-unit_m:14->7:3
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	51:det	Entity=(34-object-new-cf3-9,17,18,20,23-coref-Soil_Moisture_Active_Passive
44	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	compound	45:compound	Entity=(27-abstract-giv:act-cf9-2-coref(28-substance-giv:act-cf10-1-coref)
45	moisture	moisture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	compound	51:compound	Entity=27)
46	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	51:amod	_
47	passive	passive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	51:amod	_
48	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	49	punct	49:punct	Discourse=restatement-partial:15->14:0|SpaceAfter=No
49	SMAP	SMAP	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	parataxis	47:parataxis	Entity=(34-object-giv:act-cf3-1-coref-Soil_Moisture_Active_Passive)|SpaceAfter=No
50	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	49	punct	49:punct	_
51	satellite	satellite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	9:nmod:of|20:conj:and	Discourse=same-unit_m:16->14:1
52	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	53	punct	53:punct	Discourse=explanation-evidence:17->14:2|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<w>
53	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	51	dep	51:dep	Entity=(35-abstract-new-cf21-1-sgl)|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<ref></ref>
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	55:punct	SpaceAfter=No
55	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	53	conj	51:dep|53:conj	Entity=(36-abstract-new-cf22-1-sgl)|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<ref></ref>
56	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	53	punct	53:punct	XML=</w>
57	by	by	ADP	IN	_	63	case	63:case	Discourse=same-unit_m:18->7:3
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	63:det	Entity=(37-organization-new-cf5-2,3,5,6-coref-NASA
59	National	National	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|Number=Sing	63	amod	63:amod	_
60	Aeronautics	Aeronautics	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	63	compound	63:compound	_
61	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	62	cc	62:cc	_
62	Space	Space	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	60	conj	60:conj:and|63:compound	Entity=(30-abstract-giv:act-cf4-1-coref)
63	Administration	Administration	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	nmod	51:nmod:by	Entity=37)
64	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	65	punct	65:punct	Discourse=restatement-partial:19->18:0|SpaceAfter=No
65	NASA	NASA	PROPN	NNP	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	63	appos	63:appos	Entity=(37-organization-giv:act-cf5-1-appos-NASA)|SpaceAfter=No
66	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	65	punct	65:punct	Entity=34)25)|SpaceAfter=No
67	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	9:punct	_
68	global	global	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	71	amod	71:amod	Discourse=same-unit_m:20->7:3|Entity=(38-abstract-new-cf12-8-sgl(39-abstract-new-cf7-4-coref
69	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	70	compound	70:compound	Entity=(40-place-new-cf23-2-coref(41-place-new-cf24-1-coref)
70	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	compound	71:compound	Entity=40)
71	salinity	salinity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	75	compound	75:compound	Entity=39)
72	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	73	punct	73:punct	Discourse=restatement-partial:21->20:0|SpaceAfter=No
73	SSS	SSS	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	appos	71:appos	Entity=(39-abstract-giv:act-cf7-1-appos)|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<hi rend:::"italic"></hi>
74	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	73	punct	73:punct	_
75	observations	observation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	79	nsubj	79:nsubj|80:nsubj:xsubj	Discourse=same-unit_m:22->7:3
76	from	from	ADP	IN	_	77	case	77:case	_
77	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	75	nmod	75:nmod:from	Entity=(42-abstract-new-cf17-1-coref)38)
78	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	79	aux	79:aux	_
79	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	0:root	_
80	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	79	xcomp	79:xcomp	_
81	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	87	cc	87:cc	Discourse=joint-list_m:23->7:4
82	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	84	det	84:det	Entity=(43-abstract-new-cf13-3-sgl
83	significant	significant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	84	amod	84:amod	_
84	improvement	improvement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	87	nsubj:pass	87:nsubj:pass	Entity=43)
85	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	87	aux	87:aux	_
86	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	87	aux:pass	87:aux:pass	_
87	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	79	conj	79:conj:and	_
88	to	to	PART	TO	_	89	mark	89:mark	Discourse=purpose-goal:24->23:0
89	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	87	advcl	87:advcl:to	_
90	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	92	det	92:det	Entity=(44-abstract-new-cf14-3-sgl
91	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	92	compound	92:compound	Entity=(21-place-giv:act-cf8-1-coref)
92	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	89	obj	89:obj	Entity=44)
93	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	95	cc	95:cc	_
94	climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	95	compound	95:compound	Entity=(45-abstract-new-cf18-2-sgl(46-abstract-new-cf25-1-sgl)
95	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	92	conj	89:obj|92:conj:and	Entity=45)|SpaceAfter=No
96	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	79	punct	79:punct	_
