Because assembling such a full census is difficult, past studies have tended to avoid this task and have instead used samples of researchers [8 – 11], usually specific to a particular field [12 – 16], and often focused on the scientific elite [17, 18].
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	8:mark	Discourse=causal-cause:36->37:4
2	assembling	assemble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	8:csubj	_
3	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Dem	6	det:predet	6:det:predet	Entity=(77-event-giv:inact-cf1-4-coref
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	6:det	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	6:amod	_
6	census	census	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	2:obj	Entity=77)
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	8:cop	_
8	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	advcl	13:advcl:because	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	8:punct	_
10	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	11:amod	Discourse=context-background:37->23:2|Entity=(86-abstract-new-cf3-2-sgl
11	studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	13:nsubj|15:nsubj:xsubj|21:nsubj	Entity=86)
12	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	13:aux	_
13	tended	tend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	0:root	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	15:mark	_
15	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	13:xcomp	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	17:det	Entity=(87-abstract-new-cf4-2-sgl
17	task	task	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	15:obj	Entity=87)
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	21:cc	Discourse=joint-list_m:38->37:0
19	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	21:aux|45:aux	_
20	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	21:advmod	_
21	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	13:conj:and	_
22	samples	sample	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	21:obj	Entity=(88-abstract-new-cf7-5-coref
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	24:case	_
24	researchers	researcher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	22:nmod:of	Entity=(89-person-new-cf6-1-sgl)
25	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	26:punct	Discourse=explanation-evidence:39->37:1|SpaceAfter=No
26	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	dep	13:dep	Entity=(90-abstract-new-cf8-1-sgl)|XML=<ref></ref>
27	–	-	SYM	SYM	_	28	case	28:case	_
28	11	11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	nmod	26:nmod:to	Entity=(91-abstract-new-cf9-1-sgl)|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<ref></ref>
29	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	26:punct	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	26:punct	_
31	usually	usually	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	32	advmod	32:advmod	Discourse=same-unit_m:40->37:2
32	specific	specific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	22:amod	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	36:case	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	36:det	Bridge=60<92|Entity=(92-abstract-acc:inf-cf2-3-sgl
35	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	36:amod	_
36	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	32:obl:to	Entity=92)88)
37	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	38	punct	38:punct	Discourse=explanation-evidence:41->40:0|SpaceAfter=No
38	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	32	dep	32:dep	Entity=(93-abstract-new-cf10-1-sgl)|XML=<ref></ref>
39	–	-	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	case	40:case	_
40	16	16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	38	nmod	38:nmod:to	Entity=(94-abstract-new-cf11-1-sgl)|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<ref></ref>
41	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	38	punct	38:punct	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	32:punct	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	45:cc	Discourse=joint-list_m:42->37:3
44	often	often	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	45	advmod	45:advmod	_
45	focused	focus	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	13:conj|21:conj:and	_
46	on	on	ADP	IN	_	49	case	49:case	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	49:det	Entity=(95-person-new-cf5-3-sgl
48	scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	49:amod	_
49	elite	elite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	45:obl:on	Entity=95)
50	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	51	punct	51:punct	Discourse=explanation-evidence:43->42:0|SpaceAfter=No
51	17	17	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	45	dep	45:dep	Entity=(96-abstract-new-cf12-1-sgl)|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<ref></ref>
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	53:punct	_
53	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	51	conj	45:dep|51:conj	Entity=(97-abstract-new-cf13-1-sgl)|SpaceAfter=No|XML=<ref></ref>
54	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	51	punct	51:punct	SpaceAfter=No
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	13:punct	_
